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Réthi-Nagy Z, Juhász S. Microbiome's Universe: Impact on health, disease and cancer treatment. J Biotechnol 2024; 392:161-179. [PMID: 39009231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The human microbiome is a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms that reside in the body and influence various aspects of health and well-being. Recent advances in sequencing technology have brought to light microbial communities in organs and tissues that were previously considered sterile. The gut microbiota plays an important role in host physiology, including metabolic functions and immune modulation. Disruptions in the balance of the microbiome, known as dysbiosis, have been linked to diseases such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic disorders. In addition, the administration of antibiotics can lead to dysbiosis by disrupting the structure and function of the gut microbial community. Targeting strategies are the key to rebalancing the microbiome and fighting disease, including cancer, through interventions such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and bacteria-based therapies. Future research must focus on understanding the complex interactions between diet, the microbiome and cancer in order to optimize personalized interventions. Multidisciplinary collaborations are essential if we are going to translate microbiome research into clinical practice. This will revolutionize approaches to cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsánna Réthi-Nagy
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Cancer Microbiome Core Group, Budapesti út 9, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Juhász
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine, Cancer Microbiome Core Group, Budapesti út 9, Szeged H-6728, Hungary.
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2
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Rahmati S, Moeinafshar A, Rezaei N. The multifaceted role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in colorectal cancer: metastasis, immune suppression, therapy resistance, and autophagy crosstalk. J Transl Med 2024; 22:452. [PMID: 38741166 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by all cells and widely distributed in all biological fluids. EVs are implicated in diverse physiopathological processes by orchestrating cell-cell communication. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with metastasis being the leading cause of mortality in CRC patients. EVs contribute significantly to the advancement and spread of CRC by transferring their cargo, which includes lipids, proteins, RNAs, and DNAs, to neighboring or distant cells. Besides, they can serve as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early detection of CRC or be harnessed as effective carriers for delivering therapeutic agents. Autophagy is an essential cellular process that serves to remove damaged proteins and organelles by lysosomal degradation to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy and EV release are coordinately activated in tumor cells and share common factors and regulatory mechanisms. Although the significance of autophagy and EVs in cancer is well established, the exact mechanism of their interplay in tumor development is obscure. This review focuses on examining the specific functions of EVs in various aspects of CRC, including progression, metastasis, immune regulation, and therapy resistance. Further, we overview emerging discoveries relevant to autophagy and EVs crosstalk in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Rahmati
- Student Research Committee, Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysan Moeinafshar
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Ozawa N, Yokobori T, Osone K, Bilguun EO, Okami H, Shimoda Y, Shiraishi T, Okada T, Sano A, Sakai M, Sohda M, Miyazaki T, Ide M, Ogawa H, Yao T, Oyama T, Shirabe K, Saeki H. MAdCAM-1 targeting strategy can prevent colitic cancer carcinogenesis and progression via suppression of immune cell infiltration and inflammatory signals. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:359-371. [PMID: 37676657 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation caused by infiltrating immune cells can promote colitis-associated dysplasia/colitic cancer in ulcerative colitis (UC) by activating inflammatory cytokine signalling through the IL-6/p-STAT3 and TNFα/NF-κB pathways. Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) expressed on high endothelial venules promotes the migration of immune cells from the bloodstream to the gut via interaction with α4β7 integrin expressed on the immune cells. MAdCAM-1, has therefore drawn interest as a novel therapeutic target for treating active UC. However, the role of MAdCAM-1-positive endothelial cells in immune cell infiltration in dysplasia/colitic cancers remains unclear. We evaluated the expression of MAdCAM-1, CD31 and immune cell markers (CD8, CD68, CD163 and FOXP3) in samples surgically resected from 11 UC patients with dysplasia/colitic cancer and 17 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC), using immunohistochemical staining. We used an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulphate mouse model (AOM/DSS mouse) to evaluate whether dysplasia/colitic cancer could be suppressed with an anti-MAdCAM-1 blocking antibody by preventing immune cell infiltration. The number of MAdCAM-1-positive vessels and infiltrating CD8+ , CD68+ and CD163+ immune cells was significantly higher in dysplasia/colitic cancer than in normal, SCRC and UC mucosa. In AOM/DSS mice, the anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody reduced the number, mean diameter, depth of tumours, Ki67 positivity, number of CD8+ , CD68+ and CD163+ immune cells and the IL-6/p-STAT3 and TNF-α/NF-κB signalling. Our results indicate that targeting MAdCAM-1 is a promising strategy for controlling not only UC severity but also carcinogenesis and tumour progression by regulating inflammation/immune cell infiltration in patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ozawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University, Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Katsuya Osone
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Erkhem-Ochir Bilguun
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University, Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruka Okami
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimoda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takuya Shiraishi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuhisa Okada
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Makoto Sohda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Munenori Ide
- Department of Pathology Diagnosis, Maebashi Red Cross Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Ogawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyouku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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4
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Okami H, Ozawa N, Sohda M, Yokobori T, Osone K, Erkhem-Ochir B, Dorjkhorloo G, Shiraishi T, Okada T, Sano A, Sakai M, Miyazaki T, Ogawa H, Yao T, Oike T, Sato H, Shirabe K, Shibata A, Saeki H. HLA Class I Expression Is Associated with DNA Damage and Immune Cell Infiltration into Dysplastic and Neoplastic Lesions in Ulcerative Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13648. [PMID: 37686454 PMCID: PMC10487850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) is considered a genetic pathogen for ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to investigate the significance of DNA damage and HLA-I expression in infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 expression in dysplasia/colitic cancer (CC) and sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC). We performed immunohistochemical staining for HLA-I, PD-L1, γH2AX (DNA damage marker), and immune cell markers such as CD8, FOXP3, CD68, and CD163 (in surgically resected specimens from 17 SCRC patients with 12 adjacent normal mucosa (NM) and 9 UC patients with 18 dysplasia/CC tumors. The ratio of membrane HLA-I-positive epithelial cells in UC and dysplasia/CC tissues was significantly higher than that in NM and SCRC. High HLA-I expression in dysplasia/CC was associated with high positivity of γH2AX and PD-L1 expression compared to SCRC. The infiltration of CD8-positive T cells and CD68-positive macrophages in HLA-I-high dysplasia/CC was significantly higher than in UC and SCRC. Dysplasia/CC specimens with DNA damage exhibited high levels of HLA-I-positive epithelial cells with high CD8- and CD68-positive immune cell infiltration compared to UC and SCRC specimens. Targeting DNA damage in UC may regulate immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint proteins, and carcinogenesis by modulating DNA damage-induced HLA-I antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Okami
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.); (K.O.); (G.D.); (T.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (H.O.); (K.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Naoya Ozawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.); (K.O.); (G.D.); (T.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (H.O.); (K.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Makoto Sohda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.); (K.O.); (G.D.); (T.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (H.O.); (K.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University, Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Katsuya Osone
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.); (K.O.); (G.D.); (T.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (H.O.); (K.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Bilguun Erkhem-Ochir
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University, Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Gendensuren Dorjkhorloo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.); (K.O.); (G.D.); (T.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (H.O.); (K.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Takuya Shiraishi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.); (K.O.); (G.D.); (T.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (H.O.); (K.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Takuhisa Okada
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.); (K.O.); (G.D.); (T.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (H.O.); (K.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Akihiko Sano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.); (K.O.); (G.D.); (T.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (H.O.); (K.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.); (K.O.); (G.D.); (T.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (H.O.); (K.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery Japanese Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi 371-0811, Japan;
| | - Hiroomi Ogawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.); (K.O.); (G.D.); (T.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (H.O.); (K.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku 113-8431, Japan;
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (T.O.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiro Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (T.O.); (H.S.)
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.); (K.O.); (G.D.); (T.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (H.O.); (K.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Division of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku 108-8345, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8510, Japan; (H.O.); (N.O.); (K.O.); (G.D.); (T.S.); (T.O.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (H.O.); (K.S.); (H.S.)
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5
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De Cristofaro E, Lolli E, Migliozzi S, Sincovih S, Marafini I, Zorzi F, Troncone E, Neri B, Biancone L, Del Vecchio Blanco G, Calabrese E, Monteleone G. Frequency and Predictors of Dysplasia in Pseudopolyp-like Colorectal Lesions in Patients with Long-Standing Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3361. [PMID: 37444471 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current endoscopic surveillance programs do not consider inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated post-inflammatory polyps (pseudopolyps) per se clinically relevant, even though their presence seems to increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it remains unclear whether the link between pseudopolyps and CRC is indirect or whether some subsets of pseudopolyp-like lesions might eventually undergo neoplastic transformation. This study aimed to assess the frequency and predictors of dysplasia in pseudopolyp-like lesions in a population with long-standing colonic IBD. This was a retrospective, single-center study including patients with a colonic IBD (median disease duration of 192 months) and at least a pseudopolyp-like lesion biopsied or resected in the period from April 2021 to November 2022. One hundred and five pseudopolyps were identified in 105 patients (80 with ulcerative colitis and 25 with Crohn's disease). Twenty-three out of 105 pseudopolyp samples (22%) had dysplastic foci, and half of the dysplastic lesions were hyperplastic. Multivariate analysis showed that the age of the patients (odds ratio (OR) 1.1; p = 0.0012), size (OR 1.39; p = 0.0005), and right colonic location (OR 5.32; p = 0.04) were independent predictors of dysplasia, while previous exposure to immunosuppressors/biologics and left colonic location of the lesions were inversely correlated to dysplasia (OR 0.11; p = 0.005, and OR 0.09; p = 0.0008, respectively). No differences were seen between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease patients. Lesions with a size greater than 5 mm had a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 63% to be dysplastic. These data show that one-fourth of pseudopolyp-like lesions evident during surveillance colonoscopy in patients with longstanding IBD bear dysplastic foci and suggest treating such lesions properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Cristofaro
- Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Migliozzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Stella Sincovih
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Marafini
- Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Zorzi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Benedetto Neri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Biancone
- Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Del Vecchio Blanco
- Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Emma Calabrese
- Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Azienda Ospedaliera Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
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Lv J, Liu J, Chao G, Zhang S. PARs in the inflammation-cancer transformation of CRC. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 25:1242-1251. [PMID: 36547764 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common malignancies with a global trend of increasing incidence and mortality. There is an urgent need to identify new predictive markers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRC. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a class of G-protein-coupled receptors, with currently identified subtypes including PAR1, PAR2, PAR3 and PAR4. Increasingly, studies suggest that PARs play an important role in the growth and metastasis of CRC. By targeting multiple signaling pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of CRC. In this review, we first describe recent studies on the role of PARs in CRC inflammation-cancer transformation, focusing on the important role of PARs in signaling pathways associated with inflammation-cancer transformation, and summarize the progress of research on PARs-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinguo Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guanqun Chao
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hanghou, China.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
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Selective Role of TNFα and IL10 in Regulation of Barrier Properties of the Colon in DMH-Induced Tumor and Healthy Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415610. [PMID: 36555251 PMCID: PMC9779473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently it has been reported that the tumor adjacent colon tissues of 1,2-dymethylhydrazine induced (DMH)-rats revealed a high paracellular permeability. We hypothesized that the changes might be induced by cytokines. Colorectal cancer is accompanied by an increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 10 (IL10) that exert opposite regulatory effects on barrier properties of the colon, which is characterized by morphological and functional segmental heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of TNFα and IL10 in the colon segments of DMH-rats and to investigate their effects on barrier properties of the proximal and distal parts of the colon in healthy rats. Enzyme immunoassay analysis showed decreased TNFα in tumors in the distal part of the colon and increased IL10 in proximal tumors and in non-tumor tissues. Four-hour intraluminal exposure of the colon of healthy rats with cytokines showed reduced colon barrier function dependent on the cytokine: TNFα decreased it mainly in the distal part of the colon, whereas IL10 decreased it only in the proximal part. Western blot analysis revealed a more pronounced influence of IL10 on tight junction (TJ) proteins expression by down-regulation of the TJ proteins claudin-1, -2 and -4, and up-regulation of occludin only in the proximal part of the colon. These data may indicate a selective role of the cytokines in regulation of the barrier properties of the colon and a prominent role of IL10 in carcinogenesis in its proximal part.
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The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Carcinoma—Recent Findings and Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071670. [PMID: 35884974 PMCID: PMC9312930 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory process plays a significant role in the development of colon cancer (CRC). Intestinal cytokine networks are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis and inflammation but also impact carcinogenesis at all stages of the disease. Recent studies suggest that inflammation is of greater importance in the serrated pathway than in the adenoma-carcinoma pathway. Interleukins have gained the most attention due to their potential role in CRC pathogenesis and promising results of clinical trials. Malignant transformation is associated with the pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic cytokines. The harmony between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors is crucial to maintaining homeostasis. Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate immune sensitivity and facilitate cancer escape from immune surveillance. Therefore, clarifying the role of underlying cytokine pathways and the effects of their modulation may be an important step to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.
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9
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Bernardazzi C, Castelo-Branco MTL, Pêgo B, Ribeiro BE, Rosas SLB, Santana PT, Machado JC, Leal C, Thompson F, Coutinho-Silva R, de Souza HSP. The P2X7 Receptor Promotes Colorectal Inflammation and Tumorigenesis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and the Inflammasome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094616. [PMID: 35563010 PMCID: PMC9099551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Given the role of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), we investigated its role in the development and progression of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CA-CRC). Methods: CA-CRC was induced in P2X7R+/+ and P2X7R−/− mice with azoxymethane (AOM) combined with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). In a therapeutic protocol, P2X7R+/+ mice were treated with a P2X7R-selective inhibitor (A740003). Mice were evaluated with follow-up video endoscopy with endoluminal ultrasound biomicroscopy. Colon tissue was analyzed for histological changes, densities of immune cells, expression of transcription factors, cytokines, genes, DNA methylation, and microbiome composition of fecal samples by sequencing for 16S rRNA. Results: The P2X7R+/+ mice displayed more ulcers, tumors, and greater wall thickness, than the P2X7R−/− and the P2X7R+/+ mice treated with A740003. The P2X7R+/+ mice showed increased accumulation of immune cells, production of proinflammatory cytokines, activation of intracellular signaling pathways, and upregulation of NLRP3 and NLRP12 genes, stabilized after the P2X7R-blockade. Microbial changes were observed in the P2X7R−/− and P2X7R+/+-induced mice, partially reversed by the A740003 treatment. Conclusions: Regulatory mechanisms activated downstream of the P2X7R in combination with signals from a dysbiotic microbiota result in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways and the inflammasome, amplifying the inflammatory response and promoting CA-CRC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bernardazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Morgana Teixeira Lima Castelo-Branco
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pêgo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Beatriz Elias Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Siane Lopes Bittencourt Rosas
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Patrícia Teixeira Santana
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
| | - João Carlos Machado
- Biomedical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil;
| | - Camille Leal
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil; (C.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Fabiano Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil; (C.L.); (F.T.)
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil;
| | - Heitor Siffert Pereira de Souza
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil; (M.T.L.C.-B.); (B.P.); (B.E.R.); (S.L.B.R.); (P.T.S.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-39382669
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10
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Wu W, Li WX, Huang CH. Phospholipase A 2, a nonnegligible enzyme superfamily in gastrointestinal diseases. Biochimie 2021; 194:79-95. [PMID: 34974145 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract is important for digestion, absorption, detoxification and immunity. Gastrointestinal diseases are mainly caused by the imbalance of protective and attacking factors in gastrointestinal mucosa, which can seriously harm human health. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a large family closely involved in lipid metabolism and is found in almost all human cells. A growing number of studies have revealed that its metabolites are deeply implicated in various inflammatory pathways and also regulates the maintenance of numerous biological events such as dietary digestion, membrane remodeling, barrier action, and host immunity. In addition to their phospholipase activity, some members of the superfamily also have other catalytic activities. Based on the in-depth effects of phospholipase A2 on bioactive lipid metabolism and inflammatory cytokines, PLA2 and its metabolites are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis, development or prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, this review will focus on the physiological and pathogenic roles of several important PLA2 enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract, and reveals the potential of PLA2 as a therapeutic target for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Li
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chun-Hong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, 330006, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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11
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Stanilov N, Grigorova A, Velikova T, Stanilova SA. Genetic variation of TGF-ΒR2 as a protective genotype for the development of colorectal cancer in men. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1766-1780. [PMID: 34853649 PMCID: PMC8603459 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i11.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, including both the cytokine and their receptors, in the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been of particular interest lately.
AIM To investigate the association between promoter polymorphism in TGF-β receptor 2 TGF-ΒR2G[-875]A with a CRC risk in a cohort of Bulgarian patients using a case-control gene association study approach, as well as the protein levels of TGF-β1 in the peripheral blood.
METHODS A cohort of 184 CRC patients and 307 sex and age-matched healthy subjects were recruited in the study. A genotyping of the TGF-ΒR2G[-875]A (rs3087465) polymorphism was performed by primer-introduced restriction analyses-polymerase chain reaction approaches.
RESULTS The frequency of TGF-ΒR2G[-875]A genotype was decreased in male patients with CRC than in healthy men (31.3% vs 44.8%; P = 0.058). Among males, the TGF-ΒR2G[-509]G genotype was related to a significantly increased risk of CRC development (OR = 1.820, 95%CI: 0.985-3.362, P = 0.055) than the GA + AA genotype. Also, TGF-ΒR2[-875]*A-allele itself was rarer in men with CRC than healthy men (19.1% vs 26.9%, P = 0.086) and was associated with a protective effect (OR = 0.644; 95%CI: 0.389-1.066; P = 0.086). Regarding the genotypes, we found that TGF-β1 serum levels were higher in GG genotype in healthy persons above 50 years than the CRC patients [36.3 ng/mL interquartile range (IQR) 19.9-56.5 vs 22.4 ng/mL IQR 14.8-29.7, P = 0.014]. We found significant differences between higher levels of TGF-β1 serum levels in healthy controls above 50 years (GG genotype) and CRC patients (GG genotype) at the early stage (36.3 ng/mL IQR 19.9-56.5 vs 22.8 ng/mL IQR 14.6-28.6, P = 0.037) and advanced CRC (36.3 ng/mL IQR 19.9-56.5 vs 21.6 ng/mL IQR 15.9-33.9, P = 0.039).
CONCLUSION In summary, our results demonstrated that TGF-ΒR2 AG and AA genotypes were associated with a reduced risk of CRC, as well as circulating levels of TGF-β could prevent CRC development in a gender-specific manner. Notably, male carriers of TGF-ΒR2 -875A allele genotypes had a lower risk of CRC development and progression, suggesting that TGF-ΒR2 -875A/G polymorphism significantly affects the protective biological factors that also impact the risk of colon and rectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noyko Stanilov
- Oncoplastic Unit, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Grigorova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Spaska Angelova Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
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12
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Qin J, Li H, Yu W, Wei L, Wen B. Effect of cold exposure and capsaicin on the expression of histone acetylation and Toll-like receptors in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60981-60992. [PMID: 34165751 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that capsaicin-rich diet and cold weather have shown strong association with tumor incidence. Thus, we investigated the effects of capsaicin and cold exposure in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal cancer as well as the mechanisms underlying capsaicin and cold-induced CRC. Rats were randomly divided into four groups and received cold still water and capsaicin via intragastric gavage until the end of the experiment. The rat's body weight, thymus weight, and food intakes were assessed. Global levels of histone H3K9, H3K18, H3K27, and H4K16 acetylation and histone deacetylase (HDACs) in colon mucosa were assessed by western blot. Expression levels of Toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) were measured by western blot and reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We found that cold and low-dose capsaicin increased tumor numbers and multiplicity, although there were no differences in tumor incidence. Additionally, rat exposure to cold water and capsaicin display further higher levels of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9AC), histone H3 lysine 18 (H3K18AC), histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27AC), and HDACs compared with the DMH and normal rats. In contrast, a considerable decrease of histone H4 lysine 16 (H4K16AC) was detected in the colon mucosa. Cold and low-dose capsaicin exposure groups were also increased TLR2 and TLR4 protein levels and mRNA levels. These results suggest that chronic cold exposure and capsaicin at a low-dose intervention exacerbate ectopic expression of global histone acetylation and TLR level, which are crucial mechanisms responsible for the progression of colorectal cancer in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Qin
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huixuan Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weitao Yu
- The Second People's Hospital Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Li Wei
- Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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13
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Franzè E, Marafini I, Troncone E, Salvatori S, Monteleone G. Interleukin-34 promotes tumorigenic signals for colon cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:245. [PMID: 34535634 PMCID: PMC8448832 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common forms of malignancy in the Western world. Accumulating evidence indicates that colon carcinogenesis is tightly controlled by tumour-associated immune cells and stromal cells, which can either stimulate or suppress CRC cell growth and survival, mainly via the production of cytokines. Interleukin-34 (IL-34), a cytokine known to regulate mainly monocyte/macrophage survival and function, is highly produced within the CRC microenvironment by several cell types, including cancer cells, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and regulates the pro-tumoural functions of such cells. In this article, we summarize the available data supporting the multiple effects of IL-34 in human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Franzè
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "TOR VERGATA", Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Marafini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "TOR VERGATA", Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Troncone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "TOR VERGATA", Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Salvatori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "TOR VERGATA", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "TOR VERGATA", Rome, Italy.
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14
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Morgan RN, Saleh SE, Farrag HA, Aboulwafa MM. Bacterial cyclomodulins: types and roles in carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:42-66. [PMID: 34265231 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1944052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Various studies confirmed that bacterial infections contribute to carcinogenesis through the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of toxins that disrupt the cell cycle phases, cellular regulatory mechanisms and stimulate the production of tumorigenic inflammatory mediators. These toxins mimic carcinogens which act upon key cellular targets and result in mutations and genotoxicities. The cyclomodulins are bacterial toxins that incur cell cycle modulating effects rendering the expressing bacterial species of high carcinogenic potentiality. They are either cellular proliferating or cell cycle arrest cyclomodulins. Notably, cyclomodulins expressing bacterial species have been linked to different human carcinomas. For instance, Escherichia coli species producing the colibactin were highly prevalent among colorectal carcinoma patients, CagA+ Helicobacter pylori species were associated with MALT lymphomas and gastric carcinomas and Salmonella species producing CdtB were linked to hepatobiliary carcinomas. These species stimulated the overgrowth of pre-existing carcinomas and induced hyperplasia in in vivo animal models suggesting a role for the cyclomodulins in carcinogenesis. Wherefore, the prevalence and mode of action of these toxins were the focus of many researchers and studies. This review discusses different types of bacterial cyclomodulins highlighting their mode of action and possible role in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa N Morgan
- Drug radiation research Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarra E Saleh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala A Farrag
- Drug radiation research Department, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad M Aboulwafa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, Egypt
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15
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Farazi M, Jayedi A, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary inflammatory index and the risk of non-communicable chronic disease and mortality: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:57-66. [PMID: 34176394 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1943646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to perform an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) of observational studies of the association of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with the risk of non-communicable chronic disease and mortality in the general population. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science to November 2020. For each outcome, the summary effect sizes with the corresponding 95%CIs were recalculated using a random-effects model. The certainty of the evidence and the quality of conduct of published SRMAs were rated using the GRADE and ASMTAR 2 tools, respectively. A total of 11 SRMAs of observational studies, reporting pooled effect sizes for 29 outcomes obtain from 60 prospective cohort and 67 case-control studies, were included. Our results demonstrated evidence of moderate certainty for a positive relation between DII and the risk cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and colorectal cancer. Higher DII was also associated with site-specific cancer risk, but for cancers at most sites, existing evidence is derived from case-control studies with the certainty of evidence being rated low or very low. Our findings suggested that adherence to a diet with high inflammatory features might be associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena Farazi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jayedi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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16
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Mehreen Sadaf H, Bibi Y, Arshad M, Razzaq A, Ahmad S, Iriti M, Qayyum A. Analysis of Peganum harmala, Melia azedarach and Morus alba extracts against six lethal human cancer cells and oxidative stress along with chemical characterization through advance Fourier Transform and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopic methods towards green chemotherapeutic agents. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:552-565. [PMID: 34194262 PMCID: PMC8233526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicines implicate consumption of plant crude extracts, which may consist of extensive phytochemical diversity. Overall, the most biologically active extract of Peganum harmala (seeds) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity on Artemia salina with LC50 value of 61.547 µg/mL, while P. harmala (roots) [LC50 = 124.229 µg/mL] and M. azedarach (fruits) [LC50 = 147.813 µg/mL] showed moderate cytotoxic potential. P. harmala (seeds) extract also showed the maximum antitumor potential with 52.278 µg/mL LC50. Branches of P. harmala and Morus alba were not active in both bioassays. These outcomes were further reinforced by the levels of phenolics and flavonoids checked against gallic acid and quercetin equivalents, respectively, by standard curves. Current study aims to isolate, structurally characterize and analyze the bioactive compound from plant extracts by using chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques. Bioactivity guided isolation of extracts led to the isolation of PH-HM-16 from ethyl acetate fraction P. harmala seeds. Chemical structure of PH-HM-16 was elucidated by ESI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HSQC and IR spectrum. The results demonstrated significant positive anticancer activities against six human cancer cell lines assessed through MTT cancer cell growth inhibition assay. PH-HM-16 was most effective against prostate cancer cell lines [IC50 = 17.63 µg/mL] followed by breast cancer cell line MCF7 [IC50 value of 41.81 µg/mL]. IC50 value of PH-HM-16 against human myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60 and human colorectal tumor cells HCT-116 was observed as 68.77 µg/mL and 71.54 µg/mL respectively. The IC 50 value of PH-HM-16 compound was not significant against human gastric cancer SGC-7901 (111.89 µg/mL) and human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line A549 (176.04 µg/mL). Isolated bioactive metabolite PH-HM-16 possesses significant antitumor potential so this could be the first step to develop an effective anticancer agent. Hence, this compound represents a promising potential to be chemically standardized or developed into pharmaceuticals for the chemoprevention and/or the treatment of certain types of cancer, especially as adjuvant phytotherapeutics in conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Mehreen Sadaf
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Yamin Bibi
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- Department of Agronomy, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Central Library, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
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17
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Thorgersen EB, Flatmark K. ASO Author Reflections: The Peritoneum is an Active Immunological Compartment. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:5263-5264. [PMID: 33939046 PMCID: PMC8349319 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebbe Billmann Thorgersen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, The Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, The Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, The Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Yuan F, Deng L, Sun X, Chen Z, Shivappa N, Sheth AK, Cooper GS, Hebert JR, Li L. Dietary inflammatory index and risk of colorectal adenoma: effect measure modification by race, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cigarette smoking and body mass index? Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:837-847. [PMID: 33928482 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate if the association between dietary inflammatory potential and colorectal adenoma (CRA) is modified by race and factors known to modulate inflammation. METHODS We examined effect measure modification of race, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cigarette smoking and body mass index (BMI) on the diet-CRA association by employing energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII™) to characterize dietary inflammatory potential among 587 cases and 1,313 controls participating in a colonoscopy screening-based cross-sectional study of CRA. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire from which E-DII score was derived. E-DII score was calculated from 34 food parameters (constituents), utilizing an energy-adjusted global comparative database to compute z scores from which centered proportions were summed to create the score. CRA cases were defined as individuals whose colonoscopy detected at least one pathologically confirmed adenomatous polyp. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A pro-inflammatory diet was not statistically significantly associated with elevated CRA risk (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.97-1.19; p value = 0.18) in the multivariate regression model. NSAIDs use (ORnever-users 1.19; 95% CI 1.03-1.38; ORever-users 0.96; 95% CI 0.83-1.12; Pinteraction = 0.04) and race (ORAfrican Americans 1.22; 95% CI 1.03-1.44; OREuropean Americans 0.99; 95% CI 0.86-1.14; Pinteraction = 0.14) appeared to modify the association, whereas cigarette smoking and BMI did not (Pinteraction = 0.40 and 0.78, respectively). CONCLUSION NSAIDs use and race may modify the diet-CRA association. Further investigation in prospective cohort studies is warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangcheng Yuan
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, McKim Hall Rm 3156, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiangqing Sun
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, McKim Hall Rm 3156, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Sheth
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, McKim Hall Rm 3156, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Gregory S Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James R Hebert
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, McKim Hall Rm 3156, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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19
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Huang YW, Lin CW, Pan P, Echeveste CE, Dong A, Oshima K, Yearsley M, Yu J, Wang LS. Dysregulated Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 Exacerbates Colonic Adenoma Formation in Apc Min/+ Mice: Relation to Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:32-40. [PMID: 33842404 PMCID: PMC8020170 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) has been reported as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer development. The current study investigated the effects of FFAR2 signaling on energy metabolism and gut microbiota profiling in a colorectal cancer mouse model (Apc Min/+ ). Ffar2 deficiency promoted colonic polyp development and enhanced fatty acid oxidation and bile acid metabolism. Gut microbiome sequencing analysis showed distinct clustering among wild-type, Apc Min/+ , and Apc Min/+ -Ffar2 -/- mice. The relative abundance of Flavobacteriaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae was significantly increased in the Apc Min/+ -Ffar2 -/- mice compared to the Apc Min/+ mice. In addition, knocking-down FFAR2 in the human colon cancer cell lines (SW480 and HT29) resulted in increased expression of several key enzymes in fatty acid oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain, and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase, alpha subunit. Collectively, these results demonstrated that Ffar2 deficiency significantly altered profiles of fatty acid metabolites and gut microbiome, which might promote colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Pan Pan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Carla Elena Echeveste
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Athena Dong
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kiyoko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martha Yearsley
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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20
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Pectin in diet: Interactions with the human microbiome, role in gut homeostasis, and nutrient-drug interactions. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Accessible prognostic tools are needed to individualize treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Data suggest neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) have prognostic value in some solid tumors, including NETs. In the randomized double-blind CLARINET study (NCT00353496; EudraCT 2005-004904-35), the somatostatin analog lanreotide autogel/depot increased progression-free survival (PFS) compared with placebo in patients with inoperable or metastatic intestinal and pancreatic NETs (grades 1–2, Ki-67 < 10%). The exploratory post-hoc analyses presented here evaluated the prognostic value of NLR in the CLARINET study cohort, in the context of and independently from treatment. Kaplan–Meier PFS plots were generated for patients with available NLR data, in subgroups based on NLR values, and 24-month survival rates were calculated. P values and hazard ratios for prognostic effects were generated using Cox models. 31216222 Baseline characteristics were balanced between lanreotide autogel/depot 120 mg (n = 100) and placebo (n = 101) arms. Irrespective of treatment, raw 24-month PFS rates were comparable across subgroups based on NLR tertiles [37.3% (low), 38.8% (middle), 38.8% (high); n = 67 per group] and NLR cutoff of 4 [38.1% (NLR ≤ 4; n = 176), 40.0% (NLR > 4; n = 25)]. Furthermore, NLRs were not prognostic in Cox models, irrespective of subgroups used. The therapeutic effect of lanreotide autogel/depot 120 mg was independent of NLRs (P > 0.1). These exploratory post-hoc analyses in patients with advanced intestinal and pancreatic NETs contrast with previous data suggesting NLR has prognostic potential in NETs. This may reflect the inclusion of patients with lower-grade tumors or use of higher NLR cutoff values in the current analysis.
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22
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Macrophages produce and functionally respond to interleukin-34 in colon cancer. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:117. [PMID: 33298879 PMCID: PMC7644720 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), macrophages represent a major component of the tumor mass and exert mostly functions promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation, and dissemination. Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a cytokine overproduced by colon cancer (CRC) cells and supposed to make a valid contribution to the growth and diffusion of CRC cells. The biological functions of IL-34 are mediated by the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR-1), which controls monocyte/macrophage differentiation, growth, and survival. We here investigated whether, in CRC, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express M-CSFR-1 and functionally respond to IL-34. By flow-cytometry analysis of tumor-infiltrating cells (TICs) and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) isolated from normal, adjacent mucosa of CRC patients, we showed that CD68/HLA-DRII-expressing TICs and LPMCs expressed M-CSFR-1. Both these cell types produced IL-34 even though the expression of the cytokine was more pronounced in TICs as compared to normal LPMCs. Moreover, in CRC samples, there was a positive correlation between IL-34-producing cells and CD68-positive cells. Stimulation of LPMCs and TICs with IL-34 resulted in enhanced expression of CD163 and CD206, two markers of type II-polarized macrophages, and this was evident at both RNA and protein level. In the same cell cultures, IL-34 stimulated expression and production of IL-6, a cytokine known to promote CRC cell growth and diffusion. Finally, knockdown of IL-34 in TICs with specific antisense oligonucleotides with: a specific antisesne oligonucleotide decreased IL-6 production and the number of TAMs producing this cytokine. This is the first to show a positive role of IL-34 in the control of TAMs in CRC, further supporting the notion that IL-34 sustains colon tumorigenesis.
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Boukhatem MN, Sudha T, Darwish NH, Chader H, Belkadi A, Rajabi M, Houche A, Benkebailli F, Oudjida F, Mousa SA. A New Eucalyptol-Rich Lavender ( Lavandula stoechas L.) Essential Oil: Emerging Potential for Therapy against Inflammation and Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163671. [PMID: 32806608 PMCID: PMC7463424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: natural products are a potential source for drug discovery and development of cancer chemoprevention. Considering that drugs currently available for the treatment of inflammatory and cancer conditions show undesirable side effects, this research was designed to evaluate, for the first time, the in vitro anticancer activity of Algerian Lavandula stoechas essential oil (LSEO) against different cancer cell lines, as well as its in vitro and in vivo topical and acute anti-inflammatory properties. Materials and Methods: the LSEO was extracted by steam distillation, and chemical composition analysis was performed using gas chromatography. The main compounds identified in LSEO were oxygenated monoterpenes, such as 1,8-Cineole (61.36%). LSEO exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory activity using the xylene-induced mouse ear edema model. Results: LSEO (200 and 20 mg/kg) was able to significantly reduce (p < 0.05) the carrageenan-induced paw edema with a similar effect to that observed for the positive control. Topical application of LSEO at doses of 82 and 410 mg/kg significantly reduced acute ear edema in 51.4% and 80.1% of the mice, respectively. Histological analysis confirmed that LSEO inhibited the skin inflammatory response. Moreover, LSEO was tested for its antitumor activity against different cancer cell lines. LSEO was found to be significantly active against human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), Melanoma MV3, and breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells, with median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.035 ± 0.018, 0.06 ± 0.022 and 0.259 ± 0.089 µL/mL, respectively. Altogether, these results open a new field of investigation into the characterization of the molecules involved in anti-proliferative processes. Conclusion: We suggest that LSEO, with 1,8-Cineole as the major active component, is a promising candidate for use in skin care products with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The results of this study may provide an experimental basis for further systematic research, rational development, and clinical utilization of lavender resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nadjib Boukhatem
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York, NY 12144, USA; (T.S.); (N.H.E.D.); (M.R.); (S.A.M.)
- Département de Biologie et Physiologie Celulaire, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université-Saad Dahlab-Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria; (A.H.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +213-664-983-174
| | - Thangirala Sudha
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York, NY 12144, USA; (T.S.); (N.H.E.D.); (M.R.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Noureldien H.E. Darwish
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York, NY 12144, USA; (T.S.); (N.H.E.D.); (M.R.); (S.A.M.)
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Henni Chader
- Laboratoire de Pharmaco-Toxicologie, Laboratoire National de Contrôle des Produits Pharmaceutiques (LNCPP), Dely-Ibrahim, Algiers 16047, Algeria;
- Faculté de Médecine-Université Ben Youcef Ben Khedda-Alger I, Algiers 16000, Algeria
| | - Asma Belkadi
- Laboratoire Pharmaco-Toxicologie, Centre de Recherche & Développement Saidal, Algiers 16004, Algeria;
| | - Mehdi Rajabi
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York, NY 12144, USA; (T.S.); (N.H.E.D.); (M.R.); (S.A.M.)
| | - Aicha Houche
- Département de Biologie et Physiologie Celulaire, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université-Saad Dahlab-Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria; (A.H.); (F.B.)
| | - Fatma Benkebailli
- Département de Biologie et Physiologie Celulaire, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université-Saad Dahlab-Blida 1, Blida 09000, Algeria; (A.H.); (F.B.)
| | - Faiza Oudjida
- Laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitiare de Beni-Messous, Algiers 16206, Algeria;
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York, NY 12144, USA; (T.S.); (N.H.E.D.); (M.R.); (S.A.M.)
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Velikova TV, Miteva L, Stanilov N, Spassova Z, Stanilova SA. Interleukin-6 compared to the other Th17/Treg related cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1912-1925. [PMID: 32390702 PMCID: PMC7201144 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i16.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The connection between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) is well-established, as persistent intestinal inflammation plays a substantial role in both disorders. Cytokines may further influence the inflammation and the carcinogenesis process.
AIM To compare cytokine patterns of active IBD patients with early and advanced CRC.
METHODS Choosing a panel of cytokines crucial for Th17/Treg differentiation and behavior, in colon specimens, as mRNA biomarkers, and their serum protein levels.
RESULTS We found a significant difference between higher gene expression of FoxP3, TGFb1, IL-10, and IL-23, and approximately equal level of IL-6 in CRC patients in comparison with IBD patients. After stratification of CRC patients, we found a significant difference in FoxP3, IL-10, IL-23, and IL-17A mRNA in early cases compared to IBD, and IL-23 alone in advanced CRC. The protein levels of the cytokines were significantly higher in CRC patients compared to IBD patients.
CONCLUSION Our findings showed that IL-6 upregulation is essential for both IBD and CRC development until the upregulation of other Th17/Treg related genes (TGFb1, IL-10, IL-23, and transcription factor FoxP3) is a crucial primarily for CRC development. The significantly upregulated IL-6 could be a potential drug target for IBD and prevention of CRC development as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lyuba Miteva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - Noyko Stanilov
- Oncoplastic Unit, University College London Hospital, London 235, United Kingdom
| | - Zoya Spassova
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, University Hospital “St. Ivan Rilski”, Sofia 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Spaska Angelova Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
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Chonov DC, Ignatova MMK, Ananiev JR, Gulubova MV. IL-6 Activities in the Tumour Microenvironment. Part 1. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2391-2398. [PMID: 31592285 PMCID: PMC6765074 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominant role of IL-6 in cancer is its key promotion of tumour growth. IL-6 binds IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and the membrane-bound glycoprotein gp130. The complex I-6/IL-6R/gp130 starts the Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) or JAK/STAT3 pathway. IL-6 R exits in two forms: a membrane-bound IL-6Rα subunit (mIL-6R) that participates in classic signalling pathway and soluble IL-6R subunit (sIL-6R) engaged in trans-signalling. The pro-tumour functions of IL-6 are associated with STAT3, a major oncogenic transcription factor that triggers up-regulation of target genes responsible for tumour cell survival. IL-6 combined with TGF-β induces proliferation of pathogenic Th17 cells. The anti-tumour function of IL-6 is the promotion of anti-tumour immunity. IL-6 trans-signaling contributed to transmigration of lymphocytes in high endothelial venules (HEV). Dendritic cell (DC) secreted IL-6 in the lymph node influences the activation, distribution and polarisation of the immune response. Elevated serum levels of IL-6 and increased expression of IL-6 in tumour tissue are negative prognostic marker for patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitur Chavdarov Chonov
- Department of Surgery, Trakia University, Medical Faculty, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.,Department of General and clinical pathology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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Bjørgen H, Hellberg H, Løken OM, Gunnes G, Koppang EO, Dale OB. Tumor microenvironment and stroma in intestinal adenocarcinomas and associated metastases in Atlantic salmon broodfish (Salmo salar). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 214:109891. [PMID: 31378219 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Animal models are invaluable tools in cancer research. In this context, salmon is a promising candidate. Intestinal adenocarcinoma with metastases may be induced as a consequence of a plant-based diet triggering the inflammation - dysplasia- carcinogenesis pathway. Here, we investigate the stroma and the presence and nature of immune cells in such tumors by staining for mast cells, immunohistochemistry for T cells and antigen-presenting cells and in situ hybridization for B cells. In intestinal tumors, substantial amounts of T cells were detected in the stroma, whilst MHC class II+ cells were mainly among the cancerous cells. Ig+ cells were observed primarily in the tumor periphery. Mast cells showed a strong association with stroma. In metastases, scarce amounts of T cells were detected, whilst MHC I and II-reactivity varied, some tumors being completely negative. Ig+ cells were scattered around the metastatic tissue in no particular pattern, but were occasionally observed within clusters of tumor cells. Small numbers of mast cells were detected in the stroma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report addressing immune cells in fish tumors. The teleost tumor microenvironment seems comparable to that of mammals, making fish interesting model animals in oncoimmunology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Bjørgen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Oskar Mongstad Løken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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27
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Cancer-induced inflammation and inflammation-induced cancer in colon: a role for S1P lyase. Oncogene 2019; 38:4788-4803. [PMID: 30816345 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A role of sphingolipids for inflammatory bowel disease and cancer is evident. However, the relative and separate contribution of sphingolipid deterioration in inflammation versus carcinogenesis for the pathophysiology of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) was unknown and therefore examined in this study. We performed isogenic bone marrow transplantation of inducible sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase knockout mice to specifically modulate sphingolipids and associated genes and proteins in a compartment-specific way in a DSS/AOM mediated CAC model. 3D organoid cultures were used in vitro. S1P lyase (SGPL1) knockout in either immune cells or tissue, caused local sphingolipid accumulation leading to a dichotomic development of CAC: Immune cell SGPL1 knockout (I-SGPL-/-) augmented massive immune cell infiltration initiating colitis with lesions and calprotectin increase. Pathological crypt remodeling plus extracellular S1P-signaling caused delayed tumor formation characterized by S1P receptor 1, STAT3 mRNA increase, as well as programmed cell death ligand 1 expression, accompanied by a putatively counter regulatory STAT1S727 phosphorylation. In contrast, tissue SGPL1 knockout (T-SGPL-/-) provoked immediate occurrence of epithelial-driven tumors with upregulated sphingosine kinase 1, S1P receptor 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor. Here, progressing carcinogenesis was accompanied by an IL-12 to IL-23 shift with a consecutive development of a Th2/GATA3-driven, tumor-favoring microenvironment. Moreover, the knockout models showed distinct lymphopenia and neutrophilia, different from the full SGPL1 knockout. This study shows that depending on the initiating cellular S1P source, the pathophysiology of inflammation-induced cancer versus cancer-induced inflammation develops through separate, discernible molecular steps.
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28
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Arnst KE, Banerjee S, Chen H, Deng S, Hwang DJ, Li W, Miller DD. Current advances of tubulin inhibitors as dual acting small molecules for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1398-1426. [PMID: 30746734 DOI: 10.1002/med.21568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule (MT)-targeting agents are highly successful drugs as chemotherapeutic agents, and this is attributed to their ability to target MT dynamics and interfere with critical cellular functions, including, mitosis, cell signaling, intracellular trafficking, and angiogenesis. Because MT dynamics vary in the different stages of the cell cycle, these drugs tend to be the most effective against mitotic cells. While this class of drug has proven to be effective against many cancer types, significant hurdles still exist and include overcoming aspects such as dose limited toxicities and the development of resistance. Newer generations of developed drugs attack these problems and alternative approaches such as the development of dual tubulin and kinase inhibitors are being investigated. This approach offers the potential to show increased efficacy and lower toxicities. This review covers different categories of MT-targeting agents, recent advances in dual inhibitors, and current challenges for this drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinsie E Arnst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Souvik Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Dong-Jin Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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29
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Human Toll-Like Receptor 4 (hTLR4): Structural and functional dynamics in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:425-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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30
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Singh K, Coburn LA, Asim M, Barry DP, Allaman MM, Shi C, Washington MK, Luis PB, Schneider C, Delgado AG, Piazuelo MB, Cleveland JL, Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Ornithine Decarboxylase in Macrophages Exacerbates Colitis and Promotes Colitis-Associated Colon Carcinogenesis by Impairing M1 Immune Responses. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4303-4315. [PMID: 29853605 PMCID: PMC6072585 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme for polyamine biosynthesis and restricts M1 macrophage activation in gastrointestinal (GI) infections. However, the role of macrophage ODC in colonic epithelial-driven inflammation is unknown. Here, we investigate cell-specific effects of ODC in colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC). Human colonic macrophages expressed increased ODC levels in active ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, colitis-associated dysplasia, and CAC. Mice lacking Odc in myeloid cells (OdcΔmye mice) that were treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) exhibited improved survival, body weight, and colon length and reduced histologic injury versus control mice. In contrast, GI epithelial-specific Odc knockout had no effect on clinical parameters. Despite reduced histologic damage, colitis tissues of OdcΔmye mice had increased levels of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and enhanced expression of M1, but not M2 markers. In the azoxymethane-DSS model of CAC, OdcΔmye mice had reduced tumor number, burden, and high-grade dysplasia. Tumors from OdcΔmye mice had increased M1, but not M2 macrophages. Increased levels of histone 3, lysine 9 acetylation, a marker of open chromatin, were manifest in tumor macrophages of OdcΔmye mice, consistent with our findings that macrophage ODC affects histone modifications that upregulate M1 gene transcription during GI infections. These findings support the concept that macrophage ODC augments epithelial injury-associated colitis and CAC by impairing the M1 responses that stimulate epithelial repair, antimicrobial defense, and antitumoral immunity. They also suggest that macrophage ODC is an important target for colon cancer chemoprevention.Significance: Ornithine decarboxylase contributes to the pathogenesis of colitis and associated carcinogenesis by impairing M1 macrophage responses needed for antitumoral immunity; targeting ODC in macrophages may represent a new strategy for chemoprevention. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4303-15. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshipra Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lori A Coburn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel P Barry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Margaret M Allaman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Paula B Luis
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Claus Schneider
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Jayedi A, Emadi A, Shab-Bidar S. Dietary Inflammatory Index and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:388-403. [PMID: 30032224 PMCID: PMC6054175 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing evidence suggests a link between the inflammatory potential of diet and risk of cancer. This study aimed to test the linear and potential nonlinear dose-response associations of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), as being representative of inflammatory features of the diet, and site-specific cancer risk. A systematic search was conducted with the use of PubMed and Scopus from 2014 to November 2017. Prospective cohort or case-control studies reporting the risk estimates of any cancer type for ≥3 categories of the DII were selected. Studies that reported the association between continuous DII score and cancer risk were also included. Pooled RRs were calculated by using a random-effects model. Eleven prospective cohort studies (total n = 1,187,474) with 28,614 incident cases and 29 case-control studies with 19,718 cases and 33,229 controls were identified. The pooled RRs for a 1-unit increment in the DII were as follows: colorectal cancer, 1.06 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.08; I2 = 72.5%; n = 9); breast cancer, 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.07; I2 = 84.0%; n = 7); prostate cancer, 1.06 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.15; I2 = 56.2%; n = 6); pancreatic cancer, 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.28; I2 = 61.6%; n = 2); ovarian cancer, 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.13; I2 = 0%; n = 2); esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 1.24 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.38; I2 = 64.3%; n = 2); renal cell carcinoma, 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.13; I2 = 0%; n = 2); and esophageal adenocarcinoma, 1.26 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.39; I2 = 0%; n = 2). A nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis showed that, after a somewhat unchanged risk within initial scores of the DII, the risk of colorectal cancer increased linearly with increasing DII score. In the analyses of breast and prostate cancers, the risk increased with a very slight trend with increasing DII score. In conclusion, the results showed that dietary habits with high inflammatory features might increase the risk of site-specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Emadi
- Department of Information Technologies, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address correspondence to SS-B (e-mail: )
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Servais L, Wéra O, Dibato Epoh J, Delierneux C, Bouznad N, Rahmouni S, Mazzucchelli G, Baiwir D, Delvenne P, Lancellotti P, Oury C. Platelets contribute to the initiation of colitis-associated cancer by promoting immunosuppression. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:762-777. [PMID: 29369476 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Inflammation plays a key role in the development of colorectal cancer. Understanding mechanisms of cancer initiation might reveal new anticancer preventive strategy. Hyperactive platelets promote tumor formation by fostering immune evasion of cancer. Platelet inhibition by clopidogrel prevents carcinogenesis by restoring antitumor immunity. SUMMARY Background Clinical and experimental evidence support a role for inflammation in the development of colorectal cancer, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Beyond thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets are key actors in inflammation; they have also been shown to be involved in cancer. However, whether platelets participate in the link between inflammation and cancer is unknown. Objective To investigate the contribution of platelets and platelet-derived proteins to inflammation-elicited colorectal tumor development. Methods We used a clinically relevant mouse model of colitis-associated cancer. Platelet secretion and platelet reactivity to thrombin were assessed at each stage of carcinogenesis. We conducted an unbiased proteomic analysis of releasates of platelets isolated at the pretumoral stage to identify soluble factors that might act on tumor development. Plasma levels of the identified proteins were measured during the course of carcinogenesis. We then treated the mice with clopidogrel to efficiently inhibit platelet release reaction. Results At the pretumoral stage, hyperactive platelets constituted a major source of circulating protumoral serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins. Clopidogrel prevented the early elevation of the plasma SAA protein level, decreased colitis severity, and delayed the formation of dysplastic lesions and adenocarcinoma. Platelet inhibition hindered the expansion and function of immunosuppressive myeloid cells, as well as their infiltration into tumors, but increased the number of tissue CD8+ T cells. Platelets and releasates of platelets from mice with cancer were both able to polarize myeloid cells towards an immunosuppressive phenotype. Conclusions Thus, platelets promote the initiation of colitis-associated cancer by enhancing myeloid cell-dependent immunosuppression. Antiplatelet agents may help to prevent inflammation-elicited carcinogenesis by restoring antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Servais
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - O Wéra
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Dibato Epoh
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Delierneux
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - N Bouznad
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - S Rahmouni
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, GIGA-R, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - G Mazzucchelli
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Chemistry Department, GIGA-R, CART, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - D Baiwir
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Chemistry Department, GIGA-R, CART, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Delvenne
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - P Lancellotti
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
- Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Reseach, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - C Oury
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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Chen G, Yang Y, Hu C, Cheng X, Xu Y, Cai X, Wang M, Yang CS, Cao P. Protective effects of Huangqin Decoction against ulcerative colitis and associated cancer in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:61643-61655. [PMID: 27557503 PMCID: PMC5308679 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at a high risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Huangqin Decoction (HQD), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula chronicled in the Shang Han Lun, is commonly used to treat gastrointestinal symptoms. However, experimental evidence for supporting the clinical practice is lacking. This study used modern biomedical approaches to investigate the protective/preventive effects of HQD in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute/chronic UC and azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced CRC in mice. HQDs were prepared in 4 different ways: HQD-1 and HQD-2 were prepared in boiling water, whereas HQD-3 and HQD-4 were prepared in heated ethanol (70%). For HQD-1 and HQD-3, the 4 constituent herbs were processed together, whereas for HQD-2 and HQD4, these herbs were processed individually and then combined. The mice were administered 9.1 g/kg HQD via oral gavage daily. HQD-1 significantly inhibited DSS-induced acute UC, whereas HQD-3 and HQD-4 exhibited mild ameliorative effects; but HQD-2 had no protective effect and resulted in a higher mortality rate. This higher mortality rate may be due to the greater abundance of baicalein and wogonin in HQD-2 than HQD-1. Furthermore, HQD-1 protected against DSS-induced chronic UC and significantly inhibited AOM/DSS-induced CRC in mice. HQD-1 also inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines and increased antioxidant capacity both in chronic DSS and AOM/DSS treated mice. Overall, HQD-1 inhibits the development of acute/chronic colitis and prevents colitis-associated CRC, possibly by inhibiting inflammation and preventing oxidative stress induced cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunping Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolan Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueting Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
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34
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The impact of acute inflammation on progression and metastasis in pancreatic cancer animal model. Surg Oncol 2018; 27:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Crnčec I, Modak M, Gordziel C, Svinka J, Scharf I, Moritsch S, Pathria P, Schlederer M, Kenner L, Timelthaler G, Müller M, Strobl B, Casanova E, Bayer E, Mohr T, Stöckl J, Friedrich K, Eferl R. STAT1 is a sex-specific tumor suppressor in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:514-528. [PMID: 29419930 PMCID: PMC5891040 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon‐inducible transcription factor STAT1 is a tumor suppressor in various malignancies. We investigated sex‐specific STAT1 functions in colitis and colitis‐associated colorectal cancer (CRC) using mice with specific STAT1 deletion in intestinal epithelial cells (STAT1∆IEC). Male but not female STAT1∆IEC mice were more resistant to DSS‐induced colitis than sex‐matched STAT1flox/flox controls and displayed reduced intraepithelial infiltration of CD8+ TCRαβ+ granzyme B+ T cells. Moreover, DSS treatment failed to induce expression of T‐cell‐attracting chemokines in intestinal epithelial cells of male but not of female STAT1∆IEC mice. Application of the AOM‐DSS protocol for induction of colitis‐associated CRC resulted in increased intestinal tumor load in male but not in female STAT1∆IEC mice. A sex‐specific stratification of human CRC patients corroborated the data obtained in mice and revealed that reduced tumor cell‐intrinsic nuclear STAT1 protein expression is a poor prognostic factor in men but not in women. These data demonstrate that epithelial STAT1 is a male‐specific tumor suppressor in CRC of mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilija Crnčec
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhura Modak
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Gordziel
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Scharf
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Moritsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulina Pathria
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Editha Bayer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
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"Vessels in the Storm": Searching for Prognostic and Predictive Angiogenic Factors in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010299. [PMID: 29351242 PMCID: PMC5796244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High expectations are placed upon anti-angiogenic compounds for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the first malignancy for which such type of treatment has been approved. Indeed, clinical trials have confirmed that targeting the formation of new vessels can improve in many cases clinical outcomes of mCRC patients. However, current anti-angiogenic drugs are far from obtaining the desirable or expected curative results. Many are the factors probably involved in such disappointing results, but particular attention is currently focused on the validation of biomarkers able to improve the direction of treatment protocols. Because clinical studies have clearly demonstrated that serum or tissue concentration of some angiogenic factors is associated with the evolution of the disease of mCRC patients, they are currently explored as potential biomarkers of prognosis and of tumor response to therapy. However, the complex biology underlying CRC -induced angiogenesis is a hurdle in finding rapid solutions. The aim of this review was to explore molecular mechanisms that determine the formation of tumor-associated vessels during CRC progression, and to discuss the potential role of angiogenic factors as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers in CRC.
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Unique invariant natural killer T cells promote intestinal polyps by suppressing TH1 immunity and promoting regulatory T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:131-143. [PMID: 28401935 PMCID: PMC5638666 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are known as potent early regulatory cells of immune responses. Besides the established roles in the regulation of inflammation and autoimmune disease, studies have shown that iNKT cells have important roles in tumor surveillance and the control of tumor metastasis. Here we found that the absence of iNKT cells markedly decreased the total number of intestinal polyps in APCMin/+ mice, a model for colorectal cancer. Polyp iNKT cells were enriched for interleukin-10 (IL-10)- and IL-17-producing cells, showed a distinct phenotype being CD4+, NK1.1- CD44int, and PD-1lo, and they were negative for the NKT cell transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger. The absence of iNKT cells was associated with a reduced frequency of regulatory T (Tregs) cells and lower expression levels of FoxP3 protein and transcript uniquely in the polyps, and a switch to an inflammatory macrophage phenotype. Moreover, in iNKT cell-deficient APCMin/+ mice, expression of T-helper (TH) 1-associated genes, such as IFN-γ and Nos2, was increased in polyps, concomitantly with elevated frequencies of conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in this tissue. The results suggest that a population of regulatory iNKT cells locally promote intestinal polyp formation by enhancing Treg cells and immunosuppression of antitumor TH1 immunity.
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Ai XY, Qin Y, Liu HJ, Cui ZH, Li M, Yang JH, Zhong WL, Liu YR, Chen S, Sun T, Zhou HG, Yang C. Apigenin inhibits colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis by suppressing STAT3-NF-κB signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100216-100226. [PMID: 29245972 PMCID: PMC5725014 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a naturally occurring compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Here, we investigated the effects of apigeninin inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Apigenin effectively inhibited ulcerative colitis, a type of IBD, and CAC. Apigenin decreased myeloperoxidase (MPO), inflammatory cytokine and COX-2 levels, and it attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration in treated colon tissues as compared to untreated model colon tissues. Apigenin also reduced NF-κB and STAT3 activity in vitro and in vivo, thereby inhibiting inflammation and inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. Thus apigenin appears to inhibit inflammation and inflammation-induced carcinogenesisin IBD and CAC by suppressing STAT3-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-Jua Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhan-Hong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Long Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Rong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Gang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
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39
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Feng J, Jin Y, Peng J, Wei L, Cai Q, Yan Z, Lai Z, Lin J. Hedyotis diffusa willd extract suppresses colorectal cancer growth through multiple cellular pathways. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8197-8205. [PMID: 29344262 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer (CRC) is strongly associated with the imbalance of various intracellular signal transduction cascades, including protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), as well as crosstalk between these signaling networks. At present, anti-tumor agents are often single-targeted and therefore are not always therapeutically effective. Moreover, long-term use of these anti-tumor agents often generates drug resistance and potential side effects. These problems highlight the urgent need for the development of novel and more effective anti-cancer drugs. Hedyotis diffusa Willd (HDW) has been used as a major component in traditional Chinese medicine for the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer, with a limited number of adverse effects. However, the molecular mechanisms, which underlie its anti-cancer activity, still require further elucidation. In the present study, using xenograft models and various different human CRC cell lines, the efficacy of the ethanol extract of HDW (EEHDW) against tumor growth was evaluated, and its underlying molecular mechanisms of action were investigated. It was demonstrated that EEHDW was able to inhibit cancer growth in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, EEHDW was able to suppress the activation of several CRC-associated signaling pathways and was able to regulate the expression of various inflammatory and angiogenic factors. This resulted in the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cellular proliferation, as well as tumor angiogenesis. The present study demonstrated that EEHDW is able to exhibit anti-cancer activity due to its ability to affect multiple intracellular targets, which suggests that it may be a novel multi-potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Feng
- Biomedical Research Center of Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yiyi Jin
- Biomedical Research Center of Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Biomedical Research Center of Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Biomedical Research Center of Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyan Cai
- Biomedical Research Center of Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zhaokun Yan
- Biomedical Research Center of Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Zijun Lai
- Biomedical Research Center of Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Biomedical Research Center of Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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40
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Cui G, Yuan A, Zhu L, Florholmen J, Goll R. Increased expression of interleukin-21 along colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence and its predicating significance in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. Clin Immunol 2017; 183:266-272. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Gastric cancer associated with refractory cytomegalovirus gastritis. Clin J Gastroenterol 2017; 10:498-502. [DOI: 10.1007/s12328-017-0773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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42
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Pan P, W Skaer C, Wang HT, Oshima K, Huang YW, Yu J, Zhang J, M Yearsley M, A Agle K, R Drobyski W, Chen X, Wang LS. Loss of free fatty acid receptor 2 enhances colonic adenoma development and reduces the chemopreventive effects of black raspberries in ApcMin/+ mice. Carcinogenesis 2016; 38:86-93. [PMID: 27866157 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that black raspberries (BRBs) have beneficial effects in human colorectal cancer and a mouse model of colorectal cancer (ApcMin/+). The current study investigated the role of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) in colon carcinogenesis and whether the FFAR2 signaling pathway contributes to BRB-mediated chemoprevention in mice. FFAR2 (also named GPR43) is a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family that is expressed in leukocytes and colon. ApcMin/+ and ApcMin/+-FFAR2-/- mice were given a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 5% BRBs for 8 weeks. FFAR2 deficiency promoted colonic polyp development, with 100% incidence and increased polyp number and size. The ApcMin/+ mice developed colonic tubular adenoma, whereas the ApcMin/+-FFAR2-/- mice developed colonic tubular adenoma with high-grade dysplasia. FFAR2 deficiency also enhanced the cAMP-PKA-CREB-HDAC pathway, downstream of FFAR2 signaling, and increased activation of the Wnt pathway, and raised the percentage of GR-1+ neutrophils in colonic lamina propria (LP) and increased infiltration of GR-1+ neutrophils into colonic polyps. BRBs suppressed colonic polyp development and inhibited the cAMP-PKA-CREB-HDAC and Wnt pathways in the ApcMin/+ mice but not the ApcMin/+-FFAR2-/- mice. They also increased the percentage of GR-1+ neutrophils and cytokine secretion in colonic LP and decreased the infiltration of GR-1+ neutrophils and IL-1β expression in colon polyps of ApcMin/+ mice but not ApcMin/+-FFAR2-/- mice. These results suggest that loss of FFAR2 drives colon tumorigenesis and that BRBs require functional FFAR2 to be chemopreventive. BRBs have the potential to modulate the host immune system, thereby enhancing the antitumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine
| | | | - Martha M Yearsley
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Pathological Type-2 Immune Response, Enhanced Tumor Growth, and Glucose Intolerance in Retnlβ (RELMβ) Null Mice: A Model of Intestinal Immune System Dysfunction in Disease Susceptibility. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2404-16. [PMID: 27397737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Resistin, and its closely related homologs, the resistin-like molecules (RELMs) have been implicated in metabolic dysregulation, inflammation, and cancer. Specifically, RELMβ, expressed predominantly in the goblet cells in the colon, is released both apically and basolaterally, and is hence found in both the intestinal lumen in the mucosal layer as well as in the circulation. RELMβ has been linked to both the pathogenesis of colon cancer and type 2 diabetes. RELMβ plays a complex role in immune system regulation, and the impact of loss of function of RELMβ on colon cancer and metabolic regulation has not been fully elucidated. We therefore tested whether Retnlβ (mouse ortholog of human RETNLβ) null mice have an enhanced or reduced susceptibility for colon cancer as well as metabolic dysfunction. We found that the lack of RELMβ leads to increased colonic expression of T helper cell type-2 cytokines and IL-17, associated with a reduced ability to maintain intestinal homeostasis. This defect leads to an enhanced susceptibility to the development of inflammation, colorectal cancer, and glucose intolerance. In conclusion, the phenotype of the Retnlβ null mice unravels new aspects of inflammation-mediated diseases and strengthens the notion that a proper intestinal barrier function is essential to sustain a healthy phenotype.
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Jurjus A, Eid A, Al Kattar S, Zeenny MN, Gerges-Geagea A, Haydar H, Hilal A, Oueidat D, Matar M, Tawilah J, Hussein IH, Schembri-Wismayer P, Cappello F, Tomasello G, Leone A, Jurjus RA. Inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The links. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 5:16-24. [PMID: 27051585 PMCID: PMC4802401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of the three disease entities, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), type 2diabetes mellitus (T2DM) along with inflammation and dismicrobism has been frequently reported. Some authors have even suggested that dysbiosis could be the link through a molecular crosstalk of multiple inflammatory loops including TGFβ, NFKB, TNFα and ROS among others. This review focuses on the inflammatory process along with the role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of the three diseases. The etiology of IBD is multifactorial, and like CRC and T2DM, it is associated with a widespread and sustained GI inflammation and dismicrobism, whereby an array of pro-inflammatory mediators and other related biomolecules are up-regulated, both locally and systematically. Such a persistent or an inadequately resolved chronic inflammation may be a causative agent, in the presence other factors, leading to several pathologies such as IBD, CRC and T2DM. TGFβ plays a crucial role in pancreatic β cell malfunctioning as glucotoxicity stimulates its signaling cascade through smad 3, IL-6 and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Such a cascade could lead to macrophages and other cells recruitment, inflammation, then IBD and CRC. NFkB is also another key regulator in the crosstalk among the pathways leading to the three disease entities. It plays a major role in linking inflammation to cancer development through its ability to up regulate several inflammatory and tumor promoting cytokines like: IL-6, IL-1 α and TNF α, as well as genes like BCL2 and BCLXL. It activates JAK/STAT signaling network via STAT3 transcription factors and promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition. It also increases the risk for T2DM in obese people. In brief, NFKB is a matchmaker between inflammation, IBD, cancer and diabetes. In addition, TNFα plays a pivotal role in systemic inflammation. It is increased in the mucosa of IBD patients and has a central role in its pathogenesis. It also activates other signaling pathways like NFKB and MAPK leading to CRC. It is also overexpressed in the adipose tissues of obese patients thus linking it to T2DM, chronic inflammation and consequently CRC. On the other hand, increasing evidence suggests that dysbiosis plays a role in initiating, maintaining and determining the severity of IBD. Actually, among its functions, it modulates genotoxic metabolites which are able to induce CRC, a fact proven to be sustained by stool transfer from patients with CRC. Probiotics, however, may actively prevent CRC as well as IBD and results in a significant decrease in fasting glycemia in T2DM patients. In conclusion, IBD, CRC and T2DM are commonly occurring interrelated clinical problems. They share a common basis influenced by an inflammatory process, an imbalance in intestinal microbiota, and a crosstalk between various signaling pathways. Would probiotics interrupt the crosstalk or orient it in the physiological direction?
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107-2020 Beirut, Lebanon
- Lebanese Health Society, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assad Eid
- Department of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107-2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Al Kattar
- Department of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107-2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie Noel Zeenny
- Department of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107-2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Hanine Haydar
- Department of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107-2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anis Hilal
- Department of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107-2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Doreid Oueidat
- Department of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, 1107-2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Inaya Hajj Hussein
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | | | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tomasello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Angelo Leone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Rosalyn A. Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Georges Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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An Inducible, Large-Intestine-Specific Transgenic Mouse Model for Colitis and Colitis-Induced Colon Cancer Research. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:1069-79. [PMID: 26631394 PMCID: PMC5476293 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models are an important tool to understand intestinal biology. Our laboratory previously generated C57BL/6-Tg(Car1-cre)5Flt transgenic mice (CAC) with large-intestine-specific Cre recombinase (Cre) expression as a model to study colon health. AIM To expand the utility of the CAC mouse model by determining the impact of chemically induced colitis on CAC transgene expression. METHODS CAC mice were crossed to Rosa reporter mice (Rosa26R (flox/flox) ) with a lox-STOP-lox signal controlling β-galactosidase (βgal) expression and then further crossed with Apc(CKO/CKO) mice in some experiments to delete Apc alleles (Apc (Δ580) ). Initially, 8-week-old CAC(Tg/WT);Rosa26R (flox/WT) ;Apc (Δ580/WT) mice were treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water (5 days, 0, 0.65, 1.35, or 2.0 %). Colon tissue damage and βgal labeling were analyzed 10 day after stopping DSS. Next, 8-week-old CAC(Tg/WT);Rosa26R(flox/flox) mice were treated with 0 or 1.35 % DSS, and colonic βgal labeling was assessed at 30 day post-DSS treatment. Finally, 10-week-old CAC(Tg/WT);Apc (Δ580/WT) mice were treated with DSS (0 or 2 %) for 5 days and colonic tumors were analyzed at 20 weeks. RESULTS CAC(Tg/WT);Rosa26R (flox/WT) ;Apc (Δ580/WT) mice had a DSS dose-dependent increase in colon epithelial damage that correlated with increased epithelial βgal labeling at 10 days (r (2) = 0.9, β = 0.75). The βgal labeling in CAC(Tg/WT);Rosa26R(flox/flox) mice colon remained high at 30 days, especially in the crypts of the healed ulcer. DSS also increased colon tumor incidence and multiplicity in CAC(Tg/WT);Apc (Δ580/WT) mice. CONCLUSIONS DSS-mediated epithelial damage induces a persistent, Cre-mediated recombination of floxed alleles in CAC mice. This enables the examination of gene function in colon epithelium during experimental colitis and colitis-induced colon cancer.
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De Simone V, Ronchetti G, Franzè E, Colantoni A, Ortenzi A, Fantini MC, Rizzo A, Sica GS, Sileri P, Rossi P, MacDonald TT, Pallone F, Monteleone G, Stolfi C. Interleukin-21 sustains inflammatory signals that contribute to sporadic colon tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9908-23. [PMID: 25839161 PMCID: PMC4496406 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-21 triggers inflammatory signals that contribute to the growth of neoplastic cells in mouse models of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC). Because most CRCs are sporadic and arise in the absence of overt inflammation we have investigated the role of IL-21 in these tumors in mouse and man. IL-21 was highly expressed in human sporadic CRC and produced mostly by IFN-γ-expressing T-bet/RORγt double-positive CD3+CD8− cells. Stimulation of human CRC cell lines with IL-21 did not directly activate the oncogenic transcription factors STAT3 and NF-kB and did not affect CRC cell proliferation and survival. In contrast, IL-21 modulated the production of protumorigenic factors by human tumor infiltrating T cells. IL-21 was upregulated in the neoplastic areas, as compared with non-tumor mucosa, of Apcmin/+ mice, and genetic ablation of IL-21 in such mice resulted in a marked decrease of both tumor incidence and size. IL-21 deficiency was associated with reduced STAT3/NF-kB activation in both immune cells and neoplastic cells, diminished synthesis of protumorigenic cytokines (that is, IL-17A, IL-22, TNF-α and IL-6), downregulation of COX-2/PGE2 pathway and decreased angiogenesis in the lesions of Apcmin/+ mice. Altogether, data suggest that IL-21 promotes a protumorigenic inflammatory circuit that ultimately sustains the development of sporadic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica De Simone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ronchetti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Franzè
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Colantoni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Ortenzi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo C Fantini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Angelamaria Rizzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe S Sica
- Department of Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sileri
- Department of Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Rossi
- Department of Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas T MacDonald
- Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Francesco Pallone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Saeed MEM, Abdelgadir H, Sugimoto Y, Khalid HE, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of 35 medicinal plants from Sudan towards sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:644-58. [PMID: 26165828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a complex disease with multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. Since decades, the hallmark of cancer therapy is chemotherapy. Cytotoxic drugs erase rapidly dividing cells without sufficient differentiation between normal and cancerous cells resulting in severe side effects in normal tissues. Recently, strategies for cancer treatment focused on targeting specific proteins involved in tumor growth and progression. The present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity of 65 crude extracts from 35 Sudanese medicinal plants towards various cancer cell lines expressing molecular mechanisms of resistance towards classical chemotherapeutics (two ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) and ABCB5, tumor suppressor p53, epidermal growth factors receptor (EGFR). And the aim was to identify plant extracts and isolated compounds thereof with activity towards otherwise drug-resistant tumor cells. METHODS Cold maceration was performed to obtain crude extracts from the plants. The resazurin assay was used to determine cytotoxicity of the plant extracts. Microarray-based mRNA expression profiling, COMPARE, and hierarchical cluster analyses were applied to identify, which genes correlate with sensitivity or resistance to ambrosin, the main constituent of the most active extract Ambrosia maritima. RESULTS The results of the resazurin assay on different tumors showed that Lawsonia inermis, Trigonella foenum-graecum and Ambrosia maritma were the most active crude extracts. Ambrosin was selected as one active principle of A. maritima for microarray-based expression profiling. Genes from various functional groups (transcriptional regulators, signal transduction, membrane transporters, cytoskeleton organization, chaperones, immune system development and DNA repair) were significantly correlated with response of tumor cell lines to ambrosin. CONCLUSION The results revealed cytotoxicity and pharmacogenomics studies of Sudanese medicinal plants provide an attractive strategy for the development of novel cancer therapeutics with activity towards cell lines that resistance to established anticancer agents.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Computational Biology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Humans
- Indicators and Reagents
- Oxazines
- Pharmacogenetics
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology
- Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane
- Sudan
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Xanthenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Haider Abdelgadir
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hassan E Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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48
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FRAJACOMO FERNANDOTADEU, KANNEN VINICIUS, DEMINICE RAFAEL, GERALDINO THAISHERRERO, PEREIRA-DA-SILVA GABRIELA, UYEMURA SERGIOAKIRA, JORDÃO-JR ALCEUAFONSO, GARCIA SERGIOBRITTO. Aerobic Training Activates Interleukin 10 for Colon Anticarcinogenic Effects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47:1806-13. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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49
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Exercise as a Polypill for Chronic Diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:497-526. [PMID: 26477928 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise may be described as a polypill to prevent and/or treat almost every chronic disease, with obvious benefits such as its low cost and practical lack of adverse effects. Implementing physical activity interventions in public health is therefore a goal at the medical, social, and economic levels. This chapter describes the importance of health promotion through physical activity and discusses the impacts of exercise on the most prevalent chronic diseases, namely metabolic syndrome-related disorders, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. For each of these chronic conditions, we discuss the epidemiological evidence supporting a beneficial role of exercise, provide guidelines for exercise prescription, and describe the biological mechanisms whereby exercise exerts its modulatory effects.
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50
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De Simone V, Franzè E, Ronchetti G, Colantoni A, Fantini MC, Di Fusco D, Sica GS, Sileri P, MacDonald TT, Pallone F, Monteleone G, Stolfi C. Th17-type cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α synergistically activate STAT3 and NF-kB to promote colorectal cancer cell growth. Oncogene 2015; 34:3493-503. [PMID: 25174402 PMCID: PMC4493653 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) often show a dense infiltrate of cytokine-producing immune/inflammatory cells. The exact contribution of each immune cell subset and cytokine in the activation of the intracellular pathways sustaining CRC cell growth is not understood. Herein, we isolate tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) from the tumor area and the macroscopically unaffected, adjacent, colonic mucosa of patients who underwent resection for sporadic CRC and show that the culture supernatants of TILs, but not of LPMCs, potently enhance the growth of human CRC cell lines through the activation of the oncogenic transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). Characterization of immune cell complexity of TILs and LPMCs reveals no differences in the percentages of T cells, natural killer T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages and B cells. However, T cells from TILs show a functional switch compared with those from LPMCs to produce large amounts of T helper type 17 (Th17)-related cytokines (that is, interleukin-17A (IL-17A), IL-17F, IL-21 and IL-22), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6. Individual neutralization of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α or IL-6 does not change TIL-derived supernatant-driven STAT3 and NF-kB activation, as well as their proproliferative effect in CRC cells. In contrast, simultaneous neutralization of both IL-17A and TNF-α, which abrogates NF-kB signaling, and IL-22 and IL-6, which abrogates STAT3 signaling, reduces the mitogenic effect of supernatants in CRC cells. IL-17A, IL-21, IL-22, TNF-α and IL-6 are also produced in excess in the early colonic lesions in a mouse model of sporadic CRC, associated with enhanced STAT3/NF-kB activation. Mice therapeutically given BP-1-102, an orally bioavailable compound targeting STAT3/NF-kB activation and cross-talk, exhibit reduced colon tumorigenesis and diminished expression of STAT3/NF-kB-activating cytokines in the neoplastic areas. These data suggest that strategies aimed at the cotargeting of STAT3/NF-kB activation and interaction between them might represent an attractive and novel approach to combat CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- V De Simone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - E Franzè
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - G Ronchetti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - A Colantoni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - M C Fantini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - D Di Fusco
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - G S Sica
- Department of Surgery, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - P Sileri
- Department of Surgery, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - T T MacDonald
- Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - F Pallone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - G Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - C Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
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