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Benam KH. Multidisciplinary approaches in electronic nicotine delivery systems pulmonary toxicology: emergence of living and non-living bioinspired engineered systems. COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING 2024; 3:123. [PMID: 39227652 PMCID: PMC11372223 DOI: 10.1038/s44172-024-00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Technology-based platforms offer crucial support for regulatory agencies in overseeing tobacco products to enhance public health protection. The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as electronic cigarettes, has surged exponentially over the past decade. However, the understanding of the impact of ENDS on lung health remains incomplete due to scarcity of physiologically relevant technologies for evaluating their toxicity. This review examines the societal and public health impacts of ENDS, prevalent preclinical approaches in pulmonary space, and the application of emerging Organ-on-Chip technologies and bioinspired robotics for assessing ENDS respiratory toxicity. It highlights challenges in ENDS inhalation toxicology and the value of multidisciplinary bioengineering approaches for generating reliable, human-relevant regulatory data at an accelerated pace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambez H Benam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Wang J, Hu L, Zhang Z, Sui C, Zhu X, Wu C, Zhang L, Lv M, Yang W, Zhou D, Shang Z. Mice fatal pneumonia model induced by less-virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae via intratracheal aerosolization. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:1055-1070. [PMID: 38913747 PMCID: PMC11323861 DOI: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2355738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Animal models of fatal pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) have not been reliably generated using many strains of less virulent serotypes.Materials & methods: Pulmonary infection of a less virulent Spn serotype1 strain in the immunocompetent mice was established via the intratracheal aerosolization (ITA) route. The survival, local and systemic bacterial spread, pathological changes and inflammatory responses of this model were compared with those of mice challenged via the intratracheal instillation, intranasal instillation and intraperitoneal injection routes.Results: ITA and intratracheal instillation both induced fatal pneumonia; however, ITA resulted in better lung bacterial deposition and distribution, pathological homogeneity and delivery efficiency.Conclusion: ITA is an optimal route for developing animal models of severe pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Wang
- Department of Immunology of Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, 561113, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chengyu Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
- Department of Microbiology of Basic Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chengxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen & Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Zhengling Shang
- Department of Immunology of Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New Area, 561113, China
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3
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Asha A, Chamundeeswari M, Flora RMN, Preethy KR. Optimization of hematite nanoparticles from natural ore as novel imaging agents: A Green Chemistry approach. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:791-808. [PMID: 38486404 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
In this research, we propose an environmentally friendly method for producing hematite nanoparticles (H-NPs) from natural hematite ore, focusing on their application as efficient contrast agents in x-ray and computed tomography (CT) imaging for medical purposes. The process involves the reduction of iron oxide within the ore to attain the desired hematite phase, crucial for synthesizing H-NPs. To ensure sustainability, we adopted a Green Chemistry approach, utilizing a combination of carbon soot and limestone for the purification process, thereby achieving eco-conscious production. The produced H-NPs were thoroughly characterized using various analytical techniques, such as x-ray fluorescence (XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and FESEM-EDX (field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy). XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline rhombohedral hexagonal lattice structure, while FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of characteristic Fe-O stretching modes in line with the expected molecular composition. FESEM-EDX imaging unveiled agglomerated particles, ranging in size from 54.6 to 149.9 nm for iron ore and 22 nm for H-NPs. These particles were primarily composed of iron (Fe) and oxygen (O). The magnetic properties of the H-NPs were investigated through vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) studies, highlighting their distinct ferromagnetic behavior. Of particular significance, the H-NPs demonstrated exceptional performance as contrast agents in both x-ray and CT imaging. Even at minimal concentrations, they exhibited remarkable x-ray absorption capabilities. CT scans further validated their exceptional absorptive capacity. These findings emphasize the potential of H-NPs as valuable assets in medical imaging, serving as sustainable tools for enhanced diagnostic applications. The study showcases an eco-conscious approach to harnessing natural resources, paving the way for a greener and more effective utilization of H-NPs in the medical imaging landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Asha
- Department of Physics, St. Joseph's Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
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Portugal J, Bedia C, Amato F, Juárez-Facio AT, Stamatiou R, Lazou A, Campiglio CE, Elihn K, Piña B. Toxicity of airborne nanoparticles: Facts and challenges. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108889. [PMID: 39042967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most severe environmental healthhazards, and airborne nanoparticles (diameter <100 nm) are considered particularly hazardous to human health. They are produced by various sources such as internal combustion engines, wood and biomass burning, and fuel and natural gas combustion, and their origin, among other parameters, determines their intrinsic toxicity for reasons that are not yet fully understood. Many constituents of the nanoparticles are considered toxic or at least hazardous, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metal compounds, in addition to gaseous pollutants present in the aerosol fraction, such as NOx, SO2, and ozone. All these compounds can cause oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation in the lungs and other tissues, and cellular organelles. Epidemiological investigations concluded that airborne pollution may affect the respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems. Moreover, particulate matter has been linked to an increased risk of lung cancer, a carcinogenic effect not related to DNA damage, but to the cellular inflammatory response to the pollutants, in which the release of cytokines promotes the proliferation of pre-existing mutated cancer cells. The mechanisms behind toxicity can be investigated experimentally using cell cultures or animal models. Methods for gathering particulate matter have been explored, but standardized protocols are needed to ensure that the samples accurately represent chemical mixtures in the environment. Toxic constituents of nanoparticles can be studied in animal and cellular models, but designing realistic exposure settings is challenging. The air-liquid interface (ALI) system directly exposes cells, mimicking particle inhalation into the lungs. Continuous research and monitoring of nanoparticles and other airborne pollutants is essential for understanding their effects and developing active strategies to mitigate their risks to human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Portugal
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Bedia
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fulvio Amato
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana T Juárez-Facio
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 11419 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodopi Stamatiou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chiara E Campiglio
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, 24044 Dalmine, BG, Italy
| | - Karine Elihn
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 11419 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Lee CE, Rezaee F. Nanoparticles and Airway Epithelial Cells: Exploring the Impacts and Methodologies in Toxicity Assessment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7885. [PMID: 39063127 PMCID: PMC11277209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The production of nanoparticles has recently surged due to their varied applications in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, textile, and electronic sectors. However, this rapid increase in nanoparticle manufacturing has raised concerns about environmental pollution, particularly its potential adverse effects on human health. Among the various concerns, inhalation exposure to nanoparticles poses significant risks, especially affecting the respiratory system. Airway epithelial cells play a crucial role as the primary defense against inhaled particulate matter and pathogens. Studies have shown that nanoparticles can disrupt the airway epithelial barrier, triggering inflammatory responses, generating reactive oxygen species, and compromising cell viability. However, our understanding of how different types of nanoparticles specifically impact the airway epithelial barrier remains limited. Both in vitro cell culture and in vivo murine models are commonly utilized to investigate nanoparticle-induced cellular responses and barrier dysfunction. This review discusses the methodologies frequently employed to assess nanoparticle toxicity and barrier disruption. Furthermore, we analyze and compare the distinct effects of various nanoparticle types on the airway epithelial barrier. By elucidating the diverse responses elicited by different nanoparticles, we aim to provide insights that can guide future research endeavors in assessing and mitigating the potential risks associated with nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Lee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Cognitive Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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6
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Chauhan G, Wang X, Quadros M, Vats M, Gupta V. Chitosan/bovine serum albumin layer-by-layer assembled particles for non-invasive inhaled drug delivery to the lungs. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132526. [PMID: 38782317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly of polyelectrolytes on a solid core particle is a well-established technique used to deliver drugs, proteins, regenerative medicines, combinatorial therapy, etc. It is a multifunctional delivery system which can be engineered using various core template particles and coating polymers. This study reports the development and in-vitro evaluation of LbL assembled particles for non-invasive inhaled delivery to the lungs. The LbL assembled particles were prepared by successively coating polyelectrolyte macromolecules, glycol chitosan and bovine serum albumin on 0.5- and 4.5-μm polystyrene particles. The LbL assembly of polyelectrolytes was confirmed by reversible change in zeta potential and sequential increase in the particle size after accumulation of the layer. The prepared LbL particles were further assessed for aerodynamic properties using two distinct nebulizers, and toxicity assessment in normal lung cells. The in-vitro aerosolization study performed using next generation impactor coupled with Pari LC Plus and Aeroeclipse nebulizer showed that both the LbL assembled 0.5 and 4.5-μm particles had MMAD <5 μm confirming suitable aerodynamic properties for non-invasive lung delivery. The in-vitro cytotoxicity, and TEER integrity following treatment with the LbL assembled particles in normal lung epithelial and fibroblasts showed no significant cytotoxicity rendering the LbL assembled particles safe. This study extends the efficiency of LbL assembled particles for novel applications towards delivery of small and large molecules into the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Mural Quadros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Mukti Vats
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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7
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Gibb M, Liu JY, Sayes CM. The transcriptomic signature of respiratory sensitizers using an alveolar model. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:21. [PMID: 38584208 PMCID: PMC10999393 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants are ubiquitous in the air we breathe and can potentially cause adverse immunological outcomes such as respiratory sensitization, a type of immune-driven allergic response in the lungs. Wood dust, latex, pet dander, oils, fragrances, paints, and glues have all been implicated as possible respiratory sensitizers. With the increased incidence of exposure to chemical mixtures and the rapid production of novel materials, it is paramount that testing regimes accounting for sensitization are incorporated into development cycles. However, no validated assay exists that is universally accepted to measure a substance's respiratory sensitizing potential. The lungs comprise various cell types and regions where sensitization can occur, with the gas-exchange interface being especially important due to implications for overall lung function. As such, an assay that can mimic the alveolar compartment and assess sensitization would be an important advance for inhalation toxicology. Some such models are under development, but in-depth transcriptomic analyses have yet to be reported. Understanding the transcriptome after sensitizer exposure would greatly advance hazard assessment and sustainability. We tested two known sensitizers (i.e., isophorone diisocyanate and ethylenediamine) and two known non-sensitizers (i.e., chlorobenzene and dimethylformamide). RNA sequencing was performed in our in vitro alveolar model, consisting of a 3D co-culture of epithelial, macrophage, and dendritic cells. Sensitizers were readily distinguishable from non-sensitizers by principal component analysis. However, few differentially regulated genes were common across all pair-wise comparisons (i.e., upregulation of genes SOX9, UACA, CCDC88A, FOSL1, KIF20B). While the model utilized in this study can differentiate the sensitizers from the non-sensitizers tested, further studies will be required to robustly identify critical pathways inducing respiratory sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gibb
- Institute of Biomedical Studies (BMS), Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798-7266, USA
| | - James Y Liu
- Department of Environmental Science (ENV), Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798-7266, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Institute of Biomedical Studies (BMS), Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798-7266, USA.
- Department of Environmental Science (ENV), Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX, 76798-7266, USA.
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8
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Mitroo D, Das DN, Hamilton PD, Kumfer BM, Ravi N. Combustion conditions influence toxicity of flame-generated soot to ocular (ARPE-19) cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123307. [PMID: 38190877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Soot is a prevalent aerosol found both indoors and outdoors that has several sources, such as natural (e.g., wildfires), civilian (e.g., cooking), or military (e.g., burn pit operation). Additionally, within the sources, factors that influence the physicochemical properties of the soot include combustion temperature, oxygen availability, and fuel type. Being able to reproduce soot in the laboratory and systematically assess its toxicity is important in the pursuit of elucidating pathologies associated with its exposure. Of the organs of interest, we targeted the eye given the scant attention received. Yet, air pollution constituents such as soot have been linked to diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We developed a bench-scale system to synthesize different types of soot, that is, soot with a systematically varied physical attributes or chemical composition. We used common analytical techniques to probe such properties, and used statistical analyses to correlate them with toxicity in vitro using ARPE-19 cells. Within the range of flame conditions studied, we find that soot toxicity increases with increasing oxygen concentration in fuel-rich premixed flames, and weakly increases with decreasing flame temperature. Additionally, soot particles produced in premixed flames are generally smaller in size, exhibit a lesser fractal structure, and are considerably more toxic to ARPE-19 cells than soot particles produced in non-premixed flames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Mitroo
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Durgesh N Das
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul D Hamilton
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Benjamin M Kumfer
- Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Nathan Ravi
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63110, USA; Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Gazo Hanna E, Younes K, Roufayel R, Khazaal M, Fajloun Z. Engineering innovations in medicine and biology: Revolutionizing patient care through mechanical solutions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26154. [PMID: 38390063 PMCID: PMC10882044 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The overlap between mechanical engineering and medicine is expanding more and more over the years. Engineers are now using their expertise to design and create functional biomaterials and are continually collaborating with physicians to improve patient health. In this review, we explore the state of scientific knowledge in the areas of biomaterials, biomechanics, nanomechanics, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in relation to the pharmaceutical and medical industry. Focusing on current research and breakthroughs, we provide an overview of how these fields are being used to create new technologies for medical treatments of human patients. Barriers and constraints in these fields, as well as ways to overcome them, are also described in this review. Finally, the potential for future advances in biomaterials to fundamentally change the current approach to medicine and biology is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Gazo Hanna
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, 54200, Kuwait
| | - Khaled Younes
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, 54200, Kuwait
| | - Rabih Roufayel
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, 54200, Kuwait
| | - Mickael Khazaal
- École Supérieure des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile, ISAE-ESTACA, France
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Faculty of Sciences 3, Department of Biology, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, 1352, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, 1300, Tripoli, Lebanon
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Wahbi W, Awad S, Salo T, Al-Samadi A. Stroma modulation of radiation response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Insights from zebrafish larvae xenografts. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113911. [PMID: 38182078 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumour microenvironment (TME) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) consists of different subtypes of cells that interact with the tumour or with each other. This study investigates the possibility of co-culturing HNSCC cells with different stroma cells in a zebrafish xenograft model, focusing on the effect of stroma cells on HNSCC growth and response to irradiation. MATERIAL AND METHOD HNSCC metastatic cell line HSC-3 was used along with five types of stroma cells: normal gingival fibroblasts (NOF), cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF), macrophages, CD4+ T cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The mixture of HSC-3 cells and each-stroma cell type-was injected into 2-day post-fertilization zebrafish embryos, and the effect of stroma cells on tumour growth was tested. The study also aimed to mimic the HNSCC tumour by injecting a mixture of HSC-3 cells, CAFs, macrophages, and HUVECs into zebrafish embryos and testing the effect of these stroma cells on the cancer cells' response to irradiation compared to HSC-3-only tumours. RESULTS CAFs had a significant inducement effect on tumour size, while HUVECs showed the opposite effect. The irradiated group of HSC-3-only tumour had a significantly smaller tumor cell area compared to the control, while the group with stroma cells and HSC-3 cells showed cancer cells being resistant to irradiation. CONCLUSION This is the first report of co-culturing cancer cells with several types of stroma cells using a zebrafish xenograft model. This study also highlighted the role of stroma cells in turning the cancer cells from radioresponsive to radioresistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Wahbi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, C223b, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Shady Awad
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Hematology Research Unit, Department of Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, C223b, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 21, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, Oulu, 90014, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, C223b, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, Finland.
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11
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Falkiewicz K, Fryca I, Ciura K, Mikolajczyk A, Jagiello K, Puzyn T. A bibliometric analysis of the recent achievements in pulmonary safety of nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2023; 17:547-561. [PMID: 37968932 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2023.2276411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Assessing research activity is an important step for planning future initiatives oriented toward filling the remaining gaps in a field. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to review recently published research on pulmonary toxicity caused by nanomaterials. However, here, instead of reviewing possible toxic effects and discussing their mode of action, the goal was to establish trends considering for example examined so far nanomaterials or used testing strategies. A total of 2316 related articles retrieved from the three most cited databases (PubMed Scopus, Web of Science), selected based on the title and abstract requirements, were used as the source of the review. Based on the bibliometric analysis, the nano-meter metal oxides, and carbon-based nanotubes were identified as the most frequently studied nanomaterials, while quantum dots, which might induce possible harmful effects, were not considered so far. The majority of testing of pulmonary safety is based on in vitro studies with observed growth of the contribution of novel testing strategies, such as 3D lung model, air-liquid interface system, or omic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krzesimir Ciura
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Mikolajczyk
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karolina Jagiello
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Puzyn
- QSAR Lab Ltd., Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Department of Environmental Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Cherkaoui I, Bettaibi S, Barkaoui A, Kuznik F. Toward a Mesoscopic Modeling Approach of Magnetohydrodynamic Blood Flow in Pathological Vessels: A Comprehensive Review. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:2415-2440. [PMID: 37639179 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) blood flow within configurations that are pertinent to the human anatomy holds significant importance in the realm of scientific inquiry because of its practical implications within the medical field. This article presents an exhaustive appraisal of the diverse applications of magnetohydrodynamics and their computational modeling in biological contexts. These applications are classified into two categories: simple flow and pulsatile flow. An alternative approach of traditional CFD methods called Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM), a mesoscopic method based on kinetic theory, is introduced to solve complex problems, such as hemodynamics. The results show that the flow velocity reduces considerably by increasing the magnetic field intensity, and the flow separation area is minimized by the increase of magnetic field strength. The LBM with BGK collision model has shown good results in terms of precision. Finally, this literature review has revealed a number of potential avenues for further research. Suggestions for future works are proposed accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Cherkaoui
- Laboratoire des Energies Renouvelable et Matériaux Avancés, Université Internationale de Rabat (UIR), Rocade Rabat-Salé, 11100, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soufiene Bettaibi
- Laboratoire des Energies Renouvelable et Matériaux Avancés, Université Internationale de Rabat (UIR), Rocade Rabat-Salé, 11100, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Abdelwahed Barkaoui
- Laboratoire des Energies Renouvelable et Matériaux Avancés, Université Internationale de Rabat (UIR), Rocade Rabat-Salé, 11100, Rabat, Morocco
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13
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Moratin H, Thöle A, Lang J, Ehret Kasemo T, Stöth M, Hagen R, Scherzad A, Hackenberg S. Ag- but Not ZnO-Nanoparticles Disturb the Airway Epithelial Barrier at Subtoxic Concentrations. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2506. [PMID: 37896266 PMCID: PMC10610507 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation is considered to be the most relevant source of human exposure to nanoparticles (NPs); however, only a few investigations have addressed the influence of exposing the respiratory mucosal barrier to subcytotoxic doses. In the nasal respiratory epithelium, cells of the mucosa represent one of the first contact points of the human organism with airborne NPs. Disruption of the epithelial barrier by harmful materials can lead to inflammation in addition to potential intrinsic toxicity of the particles. The aim of this study was to investigate whether subtoxic concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO)- and silver (Ag)-NPs have an influence on upper airway barrier integrity. Nasal epithelial cells from 17 donors were cultured at the air-liquid interface and exposed to ZnO- and Ag-NPs. Barrier function, quantified by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), decreased after treatment with 10 µg/mL Ag-NPs, but FITC-dextran permeability remained stable and no change in mRNA levels of tight junction proteins and E-cadherin was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The results indicate that subtoxic concentrations of Ag-NPs may already induce damage of the upper airway epithelial barrier in vitro. The lack of similar disruption by ZnO-NPs of similar size suggests a specific effect by Ag-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Moratin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany (S.H.)
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14
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Tilly TB, Ward RX, Morea AF, Nelson MT, Robinson SE, Eiguren-Fernandez A, Lewis GS, Lednicky JA, Sabo-Attwood T, Hussain SM, Wu CY. Toxicity assessment of CeO₂ and CuO nanoparticles at the air-liquid interface using bioinspired condensational particle growth. HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ADVANCES 2023; 7:100074. [PMID: 37711680 PMCID: PMC10500621 DOI: 10.1016/j.heha.2023.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
CeO2 and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) are used as additives in petrodiesel to enhance engine performance leading to reduced diesel combustion emissions. Despite their benefits, the additive application poses human health concerns by releasing inhalable NPs into the ambient air. In this study, a bioinspired lung cell exposure system, Dosimetric Aerosol in Vitro Inhalation Device (DAVID), was employed for evaluating the toxicity of aerosolized CeO2 and CuO NPs with a short duration of exposure (≤10 min vs. hours in other systems) and without exerting toxicity from non-NP factors. Human epithelial A549 lung cells were cultured and maintained within DAVID at the air-liquid interface (ALI), onto which aerosolized NPs were deposited, and experiments in submerged cells were used for comparison. Exposure of the cells to the CeO2 NPs did not result in detectable IL-8 release, nor did it produce a significant reduction in cell viability based on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, with a marginal decrease (10%) at the dose of 388 μg/cm2 (273 cm2/cm2). In contrast, exposure to CuO NPs resulted in a concentration dependent reduction in LDH release based on LDH leakage, with 38% reduction in viability at the highest dose of 52 μg/cm2 (28.3 cm2/cm2). Cells exposed to CuO NPs resulted in a dose dependent cellular membrane toxicity and expressed IL-8 secretion at a global dose five times lower than cells exposed under submerged conditions. However, when comparing the ALI results at the local cellular dose of CuO NPs to the submerged results, the IL-8 secretion was similar. In this study, we demonstrated DAVID as a new exposure tool that helps evaluate aerosol toxicity in simulated lung environment. Our results also highlight the necessity in choosing the right assay endpoints for the given exposure scenario, e.g., LDH for ALI and Deep Blue for submerged conditions for cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor B. Tilly
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, United States
| | - Ryan X. Ward
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alyssa F. Morea
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - M. Tyler Nelson
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, United States
| | - Sarah E. Robinson
- Department of Environmental & Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | | | - John A. Lednicky
- Department of Environmental & Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental & Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Saber M. Hussain
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, United States
| | - Chang-Yu Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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15
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Gibb M, Sayes CM. An In Vitro Alveolar Model Allows for the Rapid Assessment of Particles for Respiratory Sensitization Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10104. [PMID: 37373252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dust, both industrial and household, contains particulates that can reach the most distal aspects of the lung. Silica and nickel compounds are two such particulates and have known profiles of poor health outcomes. While silica is well-characterized, nickel compounds still need to be fully understood for their potential to cause long-term immune responses in the lungs. To assess these hazards and decrease animal numbers used in testing, investigations that lead to verifiable in vitro methods are needed. To understand the implications of these two compounds reaching the distal aspect of the lungs, the alveoli, an architecturally relevant alveolar model consisting of epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in a maintained submerged system, was utilized for high throughput testing. Exposures include crystalline silica (SiO2) and nickel oxide (NiO). The endpoints measured included mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and cytostructural changes assessed via confocal laser scanning microscopy; cell morphology evaluated via scanning electron microscopy; biochemical reactions assessed via protein arrays; transcriptome assessed via gene arrays, and cell surface activation markers evaluated via flow cytometry. The results showed that, compared to untreated cultures, NiO increased markers for dendritic cell activation, trafficking, and antigen presentation; oxidative stress and cytoskeletal changes, and gene and cytokine expression of neutrophil and other leukocyte chemoattractants. The chemokines and cytokines CCL3, CCL7, CXCL5, IL-6, and IL-8 were identified as potential biomarkers of respiratory sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gibb
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
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16
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Chellian R, Behnood-Rod A, Bruijnzeel AW. Development of Dependence in Smokers and Rodents With Voluntary Nicotine Intake: Similarities and Differences. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:1229-1240. [PMID: 36482774 PMCID: PMC10256892 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking and vaping throughout adolescence and early adulthood lead to nicotine dependence. Nicotine withdrawal is associated with somatic and affective withdrawal symptoms that contribute to smoking and relapse. Affective nicotine withdrawal symptoms in humans include craving for cigarettes, depression, anxiety, trouble sleeping, and cognitive deficits. METHODS Herein, we review clinical studies that investigated nicotine dependence in people who smoke or vape. We also discuss studies that investigated the development of dependence in animals with oral nicotine intake, nicotine aerosol self-administration, and intravenous nicotine self-administration. RESULTS Clinical studies report that adolescents who smoke daily develop nicotine dependence before those who smoke infrequently, but ultimately all smokers become dependent in adulthood. Preclinical studies indicate that rats that self-administer nicotine also become dependent. Rats that self-administer nicotine display somatic withdrawal signs and affective withdrawal signs, including increased anxiety and depressive-like behavior, cognitive deficits, and allodynia. Most nicotine withdrawal signs were observed in rodents with daily (7 days/week) or intermittent long access (23-hour) to nicotine. Clinical smoking studies report symptoms of nicotine dependence in adolescents of both sexes, but virtually all preclinical nicotine self-administration studies have been done with adult male rats. CONCLUSIONS The role of sex and age in the development of dependence in nicotine self-administration studies remains under-investigated. However, the role of sex and age in nicotine withdrawal has been thoroughly evaluated in studies in which nicotine was administered noncontingently. We discuss the need for volitional nicotine self-administration studies that explore the gradual development of dependence during adolescence and adulthood in rodents of both sexes. IMPLICATIONS The reviewed clinical studies investigated the development of nicotine dependence in male and female adolescent and young adult smokers and vapers. These studies indicate that most adolescent smokers and vapers gradually become nicotine dependent. Preclinical studies with rodents show that nicotine intake in widely used self-administration models also leads to dependence. However, almost all animal studies that investigated the development of nicotine dependence have been conducted with adult male rats. To better model smoking and vaping, it is important that nicotine intake in rats or mice starts during adolescence and that both sexes are included.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azin Behnood-Rod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Corresponding Author: Adriaan Bruijnzeel, PhD, University of Florida, Department of Psychiatry, 1149 Newell Dr., Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA. Telephone: 352-294-4931; Fax: 352-392-9887; E-mail:
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17
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Chakraborty A, Diwan A, Tatake J. Prospect of nanomaterials as antimicrobial and antiviral regimen. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:444-466. [PMID: 37649798 PMCID: PMC10462459 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years studies of nanomaterials have been explored in the field of microbiology due to the increasing evidence of antibiotic resistance. Nanomaterials could be inorganic or organic, and they may be synthesized from natural products from plant or animal origin. The therapeutic applications of nano-materials are wide, from diagnosis of disease to targeted delivery of drugs. Broad-spectrum antiviral and antimicrobial activities of nanoparticles are also well evident. The ratio of nanoparticles surface area to their volume is high and that allows them to be an advantageous vehicle of drugs in many respects. Effective uses of various materials for the synthesis of nanoparticles impart much specificity in them to meet the requirements of specific therapeutic strategies. The potential therapeutic use of nanoparticles and their mechanisms of action against infections from bacteria, fungi and viruses were the focus of this review. Further, their potential advantages, drawbacks, limitations and side effects are also included here. Researchers are characterizing the exposure pathways of nano-medicines that may cause serious toxicity to the subjects or the environment. Indeed, societal ethical issues in using nano-medicines pose a serious question to scientists beyond anything.
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18
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Zia S, Islam Aqib A, Muneer A, Fatima M, Atta K, Kausar T, Zaheer CNF, Ahmad I, Saeed M, Shafique A. Insights into nanoparticles-induced neurotoxicity and cope up strategies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1127460. [PMID: 37214389 PMCID: PMC10192712 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1127460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle applications are becoming increasingly popular in fields such as photonics, catalysis, magnetics, biotechnology, manufacturing of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and medicines. There is still a huge pile of undermining information about the potential toxicity of these products to humans, which can be encountered by neuroprotective antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds. Nanoparticles can be administered using a variety of methods, including oronasal, topical applications, and enteral and parenteral routes of administration. There are different properties of these nanomaterials that characterize different pathways. Crossing of the blood-brain barrier, a direct sensory nerve-to-brain pathway whose barriers are bypassed, these checks otherwise prevent the nanoparticles from entering the brain. This inflicts damage to sensory neurons and receptors by nanoparticles that lead to neurotoxicity of the central nervous system. A number of routes make nanoparticles able to penetrate through the skin. Exposure by various routes to these nanoparticles can result in oxidative stress, and immune suppression triggers inflammatory cascades and genome-level mutations after they are introduced into the body. To out-power, these complications, plant-based antioxidants, essential oils, and dietary supplements can be put into use. Direct nanoparticle transport pathways from sensory nerves to the brain via blood have been studied grossly. Recent findings regarding the direct pathways through which nanoparticles cross the blood-brain barriers, how nanoparticles elicit different responses on sensory receptors and nerves, how they cause central neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration through sensory nerve routes, and the possible mechanisms that outcast these effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Zia
- Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Islam Aqib
- Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Afshan Muneer
- Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mahreen Fatima
- Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Khazeena Atta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tasleem Kausar
- Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asyia Shafique
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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19
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Flood-Garibay JA, Angulo-Molina A, Méndez-Rojas MÁ. Particulate matter and ultrafine particles in urban air pollution and their effect on the nervous system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:704-726. [PMID: 36752881 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, both indoor and urban air pollution are responsible for the deaths of around 3.5 million people annually. During the last few decades, the interest in understanding the composition and health consequences of the complex mixture of polluted air has steadily increased. Today, after decades of detailed research, it is well-recognized that polluted air is a complex mixture containing not only gases (CO, NOx, and SO2) and volatile organic compounds but also suspended particles such as particulate matter (PM). PM comprises particles with sizes in the range of 30 to 2.5 μm (PM30, PM10, and PM2.5) and ultrafine particles (UFPs) (less than 0.1 μm, including nanoparticles). All these constituents have different chemical compositions, origins and health consequences. It has been observed that the concentration of PM and UFPs is high in urban areas with moderate traffic and increases in heavy traffic areas. There is evidence that inhaling PM derived from fossil fuel combustion is associated with a wide variety of harmful effects on human health, which are not solely associated with the respiratory system. There is accumulating evidence that the brains of urban inhabitants contain high concentrations of nanoparticles derived from combustion and there is both epidemiological and experimental evidence that this is correlated with the appearance of neurodegenerative human diseases. Neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and cerebrovascular accidents, are among the main debilitating disorders of our time and their epidemiology can be classified as a public health emergency. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms related to PM exposure, specifically to UFPs, present as pollutants in air, as well as their correlation with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, PM can enhance the transmission of airborne diseases and trigger inflammatory and immune responses, increasing the risk of health complications and mortality. Therefore, understanding the different levels of this issue is important to create and promote preventive actions by both the government and civilians to construct a strategic plan to treat and cope with the current and future epidemic of these types of disorders on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Andrea Flood-Garibay
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex-Hda. de Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, San Andrés Cholula, 72820, Puebla, Mexico.
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Méndez-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Ex-Hda. de Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, San Andrés Cholula, 72820, Puebla, Mexico.
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20
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Microparticles in the Development and Improvement of Pharmaceutical Formulations: An Analysis of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065441. [PMID: 36982517 PMCID: PMC10049314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microparticulate systems such as microparticles, microspheres, microcapsules or any particle in a micrometer scale (usually of 1–1000 µm) are widely used as drug delivery systems, because they offer higher therapeutic and diagnostic performance compared to conventional drug delivery forms. These systems can be manufactured with many raw materials, especially polymers, most of which have been effective in improving the physicochemical properties and biological activities of active compounds. This review will focus on the in vivo and in vitro application in the last decade (2012 to 2022) of different active pharmaceutical ingredients microencapsulated in polymeric or lipid matrices, the main formulation factors (excipients and techniques) and mostly their biological activities, with the aim of introducing and discussing the potential applicability of microparticulate systems in the pharmaceutical field.
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21
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Bessa MJ, Brandão F, Rosário F, Moreira L, Reis AT, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B, Fraga S, Teixeira JP. Assessing the in vitro toxicity of airborne (nano)particles to the human respiratory system: from basic to advanced models. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:67-96. [PMID: 36692141 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2166638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted to address the potential adverse health risks attributed to exposure to nanoscale materials. While in vivo studies are fundamental for identifying the relationship between dose and occurrence of adverse effects, in vitro model systems provide important information regarding the mechanism(s) of action at the molecular level. With a special focus on exposure to inhaled (nano)particulate material toxicity assessment, this review provides an overview of the available human respiratory models and exposure systems for in vitro testing, advantages, limitations, and existing investigations using models of different complexity. A brief overview of the human respiratory system, pathway and fate of inhaled (nano)particles is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Bessa
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Brandão
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Rosário
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana Moreira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Reis
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Departamento de Biología, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía - CICA, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sónia Fraga
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
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22
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Tung N, Lin SY, Liu WT, Kuan YC, Wu CD, Xuan Thao HN, Dung HB, Chung Thuy TP, Chuang HC. Higher Particulate Matter Deposition in Alveolar Region Could Accelerate Body Fat Accumulation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2023; 3:12-17. [PMID: 37101840 PMCID: PMC10125288 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate associations of particulate matter (PM) of less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and PM deposition with nocturnal changes in body composition in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. A bioelectric impedance analysis was used to measure the pre- and postsleep body composition of 185 OSA patients. Annual exposure to PM2.5 was estimated by the hybrid kriging/land-use regression model. A multiple-path particle dosimetry model was employed to estimate PM deposition in lung regions. We observed that an increase in the interquartile range (IQR) (1 μg/m3) of PM2.5 was associated with a 20.1% increase in right arm fat percentage and a 0.012 kg increase in right arm fat mass in OSA (p < 0.05). We observed that a 1 μg/m3 increase in PM deposition in lung regions (i.e., total lung region, head and nasal region, tracheobronchial region, and alveolar region) was associated with increases in changes of fat percentage and fat mass of the right arm (β coefficient) (p < 0.05). The β coefficients decreased as follows: alveolar region > head and nasal region > tracheobronchial region > total lung region (p < 0.05). Our findings demonstrated that an increase in PM deposition in lung regions, especially in the alveolar region, could be associated with nocturnal changes in the fat percentage and fat mass of the right arm. PM deposition in the alveolar region could accelerate the body fat accumulation in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen
Thanh Tung
- International
Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Otorhinolaryngology
Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Shang-Yang Lin
- Sleep
Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical
University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Te Liu
- Sleep
Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical
University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- School
of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Division
of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho
Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Kuan
- Taipei
Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department
of Neurology, Taipei Medical University
Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei
City 23561, Taiwan
- Department
of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department
of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
| | - Huynh Nguyen Xuan Thao
- Otorhinolaryngology
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Vietnam
National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Ba Dung
- Otorhinolaryngology
Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Phan Chung Thuy
- Otorhinolaryngology
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Vietnam
National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School
of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Division
of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho
Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
- Cell
Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
- H.-C.C.: email, ; tel, +886-2-27361661
ext. 3513; fax, +886-2-27391143
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23
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Macko M, Antoš J, Božek F, Konečný J, Huzlík J, Hegrová J, Kuřitka I. Development of New Health Risk Assessment of Nanoparticles: EPA Health Risk Assessment Revised. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:20. [PMID: 36615930 PMCID: PMC9823543 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of nanoparticles in the ambient air can lead to induced toxicities; however, it appears that nanoparticles’ unique properties are completely omitted when assessing health risks. This paper aims to enhance the EPA health risk assessment by incorporating two new variables that consider the size of nanoparticles: the toxicity multiplier and the size multiplier. The former considers the qualitative aspect of the size of particles within a concentration, whilst the latter takes into account the effects associated with the number of particles of the specific i-th size distribution interval. To observe the impact of the new variables, a case study was performed. The studied element was cadmium, which was measured using ICP-MS to discover concentrations of size fractions, ranging from <15.1 to <9830 nm. Next, the cadmium concentration is assessed using both the current state-of-the-art method and the proposed method with adjustments. Based on the new approach, the final risk was 1.1 × 10−5, which was almost 24 times higher compared with the current method. The contribution of nanoparticles to the risk value grew from barely 6% to an alarming 88%. Therefore, the enhanced method can lead to more realistic results when assessing the health risks of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Macko
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Antoš
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - František Božek
- Faculty of Logistics and Crisis Management, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Studentské nám. 1532, 686 01 Uherské Hradiště, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Konečný
- Faculty of Logistics and Crisis Management, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Studentské nám. 1532, 686 01 Uherské Hradiště, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Huzlík
- Transport Research Centre, Division of Sustainable Transport and Transport Structures Diagnostics, Líšeňská 33a, 619 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hegrová
- Transport Research Centre, Division of Sustainable Transport and Transport Structures Diagnostics, Líšeňská 33a, 619 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Kuřitka
- Centre of Polymer Systems, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
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24
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Lung Organoids for Hazard Assessment of Nanomaterials. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415666. [PMID: 36555307 PMCID: PMC9779559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung epithelial organoids for the hazard assessment of inhaled nanomaterials offer a promising improvement to in vitro culture systems used so far. Organoids grow in three-dimensional (3D) spheres and can be derived from either induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) or primary lung tissue stem cells from either human or mouse. In this perspective we will highlight advantages and disadvantages of traditional culture systems frequently used for testing nanomaterials and compare them to lung epithelial organoids. We also discuss the differences between tissue and iPSC-derived organoids and give an outlook in which direction the whole field could possibly go with these versatile tools.
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25
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An in vitro alveolar model allows for the rapid assessment of chemical respiratory sensitization with modifiable biomarker endpoints. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Breidenbach JD, French BW, Gordon TT, Kleinhenz AL, Khalaf FK, Willey JC, Hammersley JR, Mark Wooten R, Crawford EL, Modyanov NN, Malhotra D, Teeguarden JG, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Microcystin-LR aerosol induces inflammatory responses in healthy human primary airway epithelium. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 169:107531. [PMID: 36137425 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms plague bodies of freshwater globally. These blooms are often composed of outgrowths of cyanobacteria capable of producing the heptapeptide Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) which is a well-known hepatotoxin. Recently, MC-LR has been detected in aerosols generated from lake water. However, the risk for human health effects due to MC-LR inhalation exposure have not been extensively investigated. In this study, we exposed a fully differentiated 3D human airway epithelium derived from 14 healthy donors to MC-LR-containing aerosol once a day for 3 days. Concentrations of MC-LR ranged from 100 pM to 1 µM. Although there were little to no detrimental alterations in measures of the airway epithelial function (i.e. cell survival, tissue integrity, mucociliary clearance, or cilia beating frequency), a distinct shift in the transcriptional activity was found. Genes related to inflammation were found to be upregulated such as C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5; log2FC = 0.57, p = 0.03) and C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7; log2FC = 0.84, p = 0.03). Functionally, conditioned media from MC-LR exposed airway epithelium was also found to have significant chemo-attractive properties for primary human neutrophils. Additionally, increases were found in the concentration of secreted chemokine proteins in the conditioned media such as CCL1 (log2FC = 5.07, p = 0.0001) and CCL5 (log2FC = 1.02, p = 0.046). These results suggest that MC-LR exposure to the human airway epithelium is capable of inducing an inflammatory response that may potentiate acute or chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin W French
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Tamiya T Gordon
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Andrew L Kleinhenz
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Fatimah K Khalaf
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA; College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf, Iraq
| | - James C Willey
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - R Mark Wooten
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Erin L Crawford
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Nikolai N Modyanov
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Justin G Teeguarden
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - David J Kennedy
- College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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27
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Critical Review on Toxicological Mechanisms Triggered by Inhalation of Alumina Nanoparticles on to the Lungs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102664. [PMID: 36289927 PMCID: PMC9599368 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alumina nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) can be released in occupational environments in different contexts such as industry, defense, and aerospace. Workers can be exposed by inhalation to these NPs, for instance, through welding fumes or aerosolized propellant combustion residues. Several clinical and epidemiological studies have reported that inhalation of Al2O3 NPs could trigger aluminosis, inflammation in the lung parenchyma, respiratory symptoms such as cough or shortness of breath, and probably long-term pulmonary fibrosis. The present review is a critical update of the current knowledge on underlying toxicological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms induced by exposure to Al2O3 NPs in the lungs. A major part of animal studies also points out inflammatory cells and secreted biomarkers in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood serum, while in vitro studies on lung cells indicate contradictory results regarding the toxicity of these NPs.
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28
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Ehemann K, Mantilla MJ, Mora-Restrepo F, Rios-Navarro A, Torres M, Celis Ramírez AM. Many ways, one microorganism: Several approaches to study Malassezia in interactions with model hosts. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010784. [PMID: 36074792 PMCID: PMC9455852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia, a lipophilic and lipid-dependent yeast, is a microorganism of current interest to mycobiologists because of its role as a commensal or pathogen in health conditions such as dermatological diseases, fungemia, and, as discovered recently, cancer and certain neurological disorders. Various novel approaches in the study of Malassezia have led to increased knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this yeast. However, additional efforts are needed for more comprehensive understanding of the behavior of Malassezia in interactions with the host. This article reviews advances useful in the experimental field for Malassezia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ehemann
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Juliana Mantilla
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Mora-Restrepo
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrea Rios-Navarro
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maritza Torres
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Marcela Celis Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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29
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Stermann T, Nguyen T, Stahlmecke B, Todea AM, Woeste S, Hacheney I, Krutmann J, Unfried K, Schins RPF, Rossi A. Carbon nanoparticles adversely affect CFTR expression and toxicologically relevant pathways. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14255. [PMID: 35995803 PMCID: PMC9395428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that can lead to terminal respiratory failure. Ultrafine carbonaceous particles, which are ubiquitous in ambient urban and indoor air, are increasingly considered as major contributors to the global health burden of air pollution. However, their effects on the expression of CFTR and associated genes in lung epithelial cells have not yet been investigated. We therefore evaluated the effects of carbon nanoparticles (CNP), generated by spark-ablation, on the human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE14o- at air-liquid interface (ALI) culture conditions. The ALI-cultured cells exhibited epithelial barrier integrity and increased CFTR expression. Following a 4-h exposure to CNP, the cells exhibited a decreased barrier integrity, as well as decreased expression of CFTR transcript and protein levels. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the CNP-exposed cells showed signs of oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage. In conclusion, this study describes spark-ablated carbon nanoparticles in a realistic exposure of aerosols to decrease CFTR expression accompanied by transcriptomic signs of oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Stermann
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thach Nguyen
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Ana Maria Todea
- IUTA - Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e.V., Duisburg, Germany
| | - Selina Woeste
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Inken Hacheney
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Unfried
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Rossi
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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30
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Application of a new approach method (NAM) for inhalation risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 133:105216. [PMID: 35817205 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and other regulatory authorities have been working to utilize in vitro studies with human cells and in silico modelling to reduce the use of vertebrate animals for evaluating chemical risk. Using the Source-to-Outcome framework, a novel mathematical procedure was developed to estimate the human equivalent concentration (HEC) for inhalation risk assessment based upon the relevant aerosol characterization, respiratory dosimetry modelling, and endpoints derived from an in vitro assay using human respiratory epithelial tissue. The procedure used the retained doses at the various areas of the inhalation tract estimated from a computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) model coupled with a simple clearance model. The effect of exposure was derived from an in vitro assay. The magnitude of exposure and the particle size distributions (PSDs) of the external aerosol droplets were obtained from Unit Exposure values published by the USEPA and published monitoring studies, respectively. The Source-to-Outcome approach incorporates external and internal exposure metrics with the toxicity pathway. The information was then integrated to conduct a risk assessment for agricultural operators exposed to products containing chlorothalonil (CTN), a broad-spectrum fungicide. The HECs for three different PSDs considered in this work ranged from 0.043 to 0.112 mg-CTN/L for nasal and oral breathing. These were compared with the estimated average daily exposure concentration for six representative application scenarios. The resulting margins of exposure (MOEs) ranged from 230 to 70,000 depending on the application scenario. This New Assessment Method (NAM) that combined human in silico and human in vitro methods, eliminated the typical uncertainties associated with extrapolation from rodent studies, with their associated interspecies toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics differences. The intraspecies toxicodynamics and toxicokinetics, are still relevant and may need to be used in an inhalation risk assessment. The NAM presented in this work is not chemical-specific and may be applied to conduct an inhalation risk assessment for workers as well as bystanders who could be exposed to aerosol particles of any cytotoxic respiratory irritant.
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31
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Guizze F, Serra CHR, Giarolla J. PAMAM Dendrimers: A Review of Methodologies Employed in Biopharmaceutical Classification. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2662-2673. [PMID: 35850238 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The oral route is the preferred way of drug administration for most drugs, whose treatment success is directly related to the compound intestinal absorption. This absorption process, in its turn, is influenced by several factors impacting the drug bioavailability, which is extremely dependent on the maximum solubility and permeability. However, optimizing these last two factors, without chemical structural modification, is challenging. Although poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM) are an innovative and promising strategy as drug delivery compounds, there are few studies that determine the permeability and solubility of PAMAM-drugs derivatives. Considering this scenario, this paper aimed to carry out a literature review of the last five years concerning biopharmaceutical characterizations of dendrimer delivery systems. In vitro methodologies, such as the Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) (non-cellular based model) and Caco-2 cells (cellular based model), used for the permeability evaluation in the early stages of drug discovery proved to be the most promising methodologies. As a result, we discussed, for instance, that through the usage of PAMPA it was possible to evaluate the higher capacity for transdermal delivery of DNA of TAT-conjugated PAMAM, when in comparison with unmodified PAMAM dendrimer with a P<0.05. We also presented the importance of choosing the best methods of biopharmaceutical characterization, which will be essential to guarantee the efficacy and safety of the drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Guizze
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Helena Reis Serra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jeanine Giarolla
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
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32
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Rutherford C, Kafle P, Soos C, Epp T, Bradford L, Jenkins E. Investigating SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility in Animal Species: A Scoping Review. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221107786. [PMID: 35782319 PMCID: PMC9247998 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221107786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the early stages of response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it was imperative for researchers to rapidly determine what animal species may be susceptible to the virus, under low knowledge and high uncertainty conditions. In this scoping review, the animal species being evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, the methods used to evaluate susceptibility, and comparing the evaluations between different studies were conducted. Using the PRISMA-ScR methodology, publications and reports from peer-reviewed and gray literature sources were collected from databases, Google Scholar, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), snowballing, and recommendations from experts. Inclusion and relevance criteria were applied, and information was subsequently extracted, categorized, summarized, and analyzed. Ninety seven sources (publications and reports) were identified which investigated 649 animal species from eight different classes: Mammalia, Aves, Actinopterygii, Reptilia, Amphibia, Insecta, Chondrichthyes, and Coelacanthimorpha. Sources used four different methods to evaluate susceptibility, in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological analysis. Along with the different methods, how each source described "susceptibility" and evaluated the susceptibility of different animal species to SARS-CoV-2 varied, with conflicting susceptibility evaluations evident between different sources. Early in the pandemic, in silico methods were used the most to predict animal species susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and helped guide more costly and intensive studies using in vivo or epidemiological analyses. However, the limitations of all methods must be recognized, and evaluations made by in silico and in vitro should be re-evaluated when more information becomes available, such as demonstrated susceptibility through in vivo and epidemiological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Rutherford
- School of Public Health, University of
Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Pratap Kafle
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology,
Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK,
Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical
Sciences, Long Island University Post Campus, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Soos
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health
Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada,
Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Pathology,
Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK,
Canada
| | - Tasha Epp
- Department of Large Animal Clinical
Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lori Bradford
- Ron and Jane Graham School of
Professional Development, College of Engineering, and School of Environment and
Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Emily Jenkins
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology,
Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK,
Canada
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33
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Taldaev A, Terekhov R, Nikitin I, Zhevlakova A, Selivanova I. Insights into the Pharmacological Effects of Flavonoids: The Systematic Review of Computer Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6023. [PMID: 35682702 PMCID: PMC9181432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer modeling is a method that is widely used in scientific investigations to predict the biological activity, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and synthesis strategy of compounds based on the structure of the molecule. This work is a systematic review of articles performed in accordance with the recommendations of PRISMA and contains information on computer modeling of the interaction of classical flavonoids with different biological targets. The review of used computational approaches is presented. Furthermore, the affinities of flavonoids to different targets that are associated with the infection, cardiovascular, and oncological diseases are discussed. Additionally, the methodology of bias risks in molecular docking research based on principles of evidentiary medicine was suggested and discussed. Based on this data, the most active groups of flavonoids and lead compounds for different targets were determined. It was concluded that flavonoids are a promising object for drug development and further research of pharmacology by in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taldaev
- Laboratoty of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.T.); (I.N.); (A.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Roman Terekhov
- Department of Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.T.); (I.N.); (A.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Ilya Nikitin
- Department of Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.T.); (I.N.); (A.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Anastasiya Zhevlakova
- Department of Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.T.); (I.N.); (A.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Irina Selivanova
- Department of Chemistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (R.T.); (I.N.); (A.Z.); (I.S.)
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34
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Re DB, Yan B, Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Andrew AS, Tischbein M, Stommel EW. A perspective on persistent toxicants in veterans and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: identifying exposures determining higher ALS risk. J Neurol 2022; 269:2359-2377. [PMID: 34973105 PMCID: PMC9021134 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies indicate that United States veterans have an increased risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared to civilians. However, the responsible etiological factors are unknown. In the general population, specific occupational (e.g. truck drivers, airline pilots) and environmental exposures (e.g. metals, pesticides) are associated with an increased ALS risk. As such, the increased prevalence of ALS in veterans strongly suggests that there are exposures experienced by military personnel that are disproportionate to civilians. During service, veterans may encounter numerous neurotoxic exposures (e.g. burn pits, engine exhaust, firing ranges). So far, however, there is a paucity of studies investigating environmental factors contributing to ALS in veterans and even fewer assessing their exposure using biomarkers. Herein, we discuss ALS pathogenesis in relation to a series of persistent neurotoxicants (often emitted as mixtures) including: chemical elements, nanoparticles and lipophilic toxicants such as dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. We propose these toxicants should be directly measured in veteran central nervous system tissue, where they may have accumulated for decades. Specific toxicants (or mixtures thereof) may accelerate ALS development following a multistep hypothesis or act synergistically with other service-linked exposures (e.g. head trauma/concussions). Such possibilities could explain the lower age of onset observed in veterans compared to civilians. Identifying high-risk exposures within vulnerable populations is key to understanding ALS etiopathogenesis and is urgently needed to act upon modifiable risk factors for military personnel who deserve enhanced protection during their years of service, not only for their short-term, but also long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Re
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Department of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- Department Biomedical Sciences, College of Health, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Maeve Tischbein
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Elijah W Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Forest V. Experimental and Computational Nanotoxicology-Complementary Approaches for Nanomaterial Hazard Assessment. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12081346. [PMID: 35458054 PMCID: PMC9031966 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing development and applications of nanomaterials lead to an increasing release of these materials in the environment. The adverse effects they may elicit on ecosystems or human health are not always fully characterized. Such potential toxicity must be carefully assessed with the underlying mechanisms elucidated. To that purpose, different approaches can be used. First, experimental toxicology consisting of conducting in vitro or in vivo experiments (including clinical studies) can be used to evaluate the nanomaterial hazard. It can rely on variable models (more or less complex), allowing the investigation of different biological endpoints. The respective advantages and limitations of in vitro and in vivo models are discussed as well as some issues associated with experimental nanotoxicology. Perspectives of future developments in the field are also proposed. Second, computational nanotoxicology, i.e., in silico approaches, can be used to predict nanomaterial toxicity. In this context, we describe the general principles, advantages, and limitations especially of quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models and grouping/read-across approaches. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of these different approaches based on examples and highlight their complementarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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36
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Holmfred E, Sloth JJ, Loeschner K, Jensen KA. Influence of Pre-Dispersion Media on the Batch Reactor Dissolution Behavior of Al 2O 3 Coated TiO 2 (NM-104) and Two ZnO (NM-110 and NM-111) Nanomaterials in Biologically Relevant Test Media. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:566. [PMID: 35159911 PMCID: PMC8840498 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution plays an important role on pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials (NMs). The influence of contextual parameters on the results from dissolution testing needs to be identified to improve the generation of relevant and comparable data. This study investigated how pre-dispersions made in water, low-calcium Gamble's solution, phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF), and 0.05% bovine serum albumin (BSA) affected the dissolution of the Al2O3 coating on poorly soluble TiO2 also coated with glycerine (NM-104) and rapidly dissolving uncoated (NM-110) and triethoxycaprylsilane-coated ZnO (NM-111) NMs. Dissolution tests were undertaken and controlled in a stirred batch reactor using low-calcium Gamble's solution and phagolysosomal simulant fluid a surrogate for the lung-lining and macrophage phagolysosomal fluid, respectively. Pre-dispersion in 0.05% BSA-water showed a significant delay or decrease in the dissolution of Al2O3 after testing in both low-calcium Gamble's solution and PSF. Furthermore, use of the 0.05% BSA pre-dispersion medium influenced the dissolution of ZnO (NM-110) in PSF and ZnO (NM-111) in low-calcium Gamble's solution and PSF. We hypothesize that BSA forms a protective coating on the particles, which delays or lowers the short-term dissolution of the materials used in this study. Consequently, the type of pre-dispersion medium can affect the results in short-term dissolution testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Holmfred
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, Division of Food Technology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.J.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Jens J. Sloth
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, Division of Food Technology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.J.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- Research Group for Analytical Food Chemistry, Division of Food Technology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (J.J.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Center for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Forest V, Mercier C, Pourchez J. Considerations on dosimetry for in vitro assessment of e-cigarette toxicity. Respir Res 2022; 23:358. [PMID: 36528600 PMCID: PMC9758947 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (or e-cigarettes) can be used as smoking cessation aid. Some studies tend to show that they are less hazardous than tobacco cigarettes, even if it does not mean they are completely safe. The huge variation in study designs assessing in vitro toxicity of e-cigarettes aerosol makes it difficult to make comparisons and draw robust and irrefutable conclusions. In this paper, we review this heterogeneity (in terms of e-cigarette products, biological models, and exposure conditions) with a special focus on the wide disparity in the doses used as well as in the way they are expressed. Finally, we discuss the major issue of dosimetry and show how dosimetry tools enable to align data between different exposure systems or data from different laboratories and therefore allow comparisons to help further exploring the risk potential of e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Forest
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, 158 Cours Fauriel, CS 62362, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Clément Mercier
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, 158 Cours Fauriel, CS 62362, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Jérémie Pourchez
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, 158 Cours Fauriel, CS 62362, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
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38
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Karkossa I, Bannuscher A, Hellack B, Wohlleben W, Laloy J, Stan MS, Dinischiotu A, Wiemann M, Luch A, Haase A, von Bergen M, Schubert K. Nanomaterials induce different levels of oxidative stress, depending on the used model system: Comparison of in vitro and in vivo effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149538. [PMID: 34428663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The immense diversity and constant development of nanomaterials (NMs) increase the need for a facilitated risk assessment, which requires knowledge of the modes of action (MoAs) of NMs. This necessitates a comprehensive data basis, which can be obtained using omics. Furthermore, the establishment of suitable in vitro test systems is essential to follow the 3R concept and to cope with the high number of NMs. In the present study, we aimed to compare NM effects in vitro and in vivo using a multi-omics approach. We applied an integrated data analysis strategy based on proteomics and metabolomics to four silica NMs and one titanium dioxide-based NM. For the in vitro investigations, rat alveolar epithelial cells (RLE-6TN) and rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) were treated with different doses of NMs, and the results were compared with the effects on rat lungs after short-term inhalations and instillations. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been described as a critical biological effect of NMs, we focused on different levels of oxidative stress. Thus, we found opposite changes in proteins and metabolites related to the production of reduced glutathione in alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages, demonstrating that the MoAs of NMs depend on the model system used. Interestingly, in vivo, pathways related to inflammation were more affected than oxidative stress responses. Hence, the assignment of the observed effects to levels of oxidative stress was also different in vitro and in vivo. However, the overall classification of "active" and "passive" NMs was consistent in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that both cell lines tested are suitable for the assessment of NM toxicity. In summary, the results presented here highlight the need to carefully review model systems to decipher the extent to which they can replace in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Karkossa
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Bannuscher
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany; Adolphe Merkle Institute (AMI), University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bryan Hellack
- Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology (IUTA) e.V., Duisburg, Germany; German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau, Germany
| | | | - Julie Laloy
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Nanosafety Centre, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Miruna S Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Martin Wiemann
- IBE R&D Institute for Lung Health gGmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
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Replacement Strategies for Animal Studies in Inhalation Testing. SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sci3040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal testing is mandatory in drug testing and is the gold standard for toxicity and efficacy evaluations. This situation is expected to change in the future as the 3Rs principle, which stands for the replacement, reduction, and refinement of the use of animals in science, is reinforced by many countries. On the other hand, technologies for alternatives to animal testing have increased. The need to develop and use alternatives depends on the complexity of the research topic and also on the extent to which the currently used animal models can mimic human physiology and/or exposure. The lung morphology and physiology of commonly used animal species differs from that of human lungs, and the realistic inhalation exposure of animals is challenging. In vitro and in silico methods can assess important aspects of the in vivo effects, namely particle deposition, dissolution, action at, and permeation through, the respiratory barrier, and pharmacokinetics. This review discusses the limitations of animal models and exposure systems and proposes in vitro and in silico techniques that could, when used together, reduce or even replace animal testing in inhalation testing in the future.
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Rüger N, Sid H, Meens J, Szostak MP, Baumgärtner W, Bexter F, Rautenschlein S. New Insights into the Host-Pathogen Interaction of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Avian Metapneumovirus in Tracheal Organ Cultures of Chicken. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112407. [PMID: 34835532 PMCID: PMC8618481 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory pathogens are a health threat for poultry. Co-infections lead to the exacerbation of clinical symptoms and lesions. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallispeticum) and Avian Metapneumovirus (AMPV) are two avian respiratory pathogens that co-circulate worldwide. The knowledge about the host-pathogen interaction of M. gallispeticum and AMPV in the chicken respiratory tract is limited. We aimed to investigate how co-infections affect the pathogenesis of the respiratory disease and whether the order of invading pathogens leads to changes in host-pathogen interaction. We used chicken tracheal organ cultures (TOC) to investigate pathogen invasion and replication, lesion development, and selected innate immune responses, such as interferon (IFN) α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IFNλ mRNA expression levels. We performed mono-inoculations (AMPV or M. gallispeticum) or dual-inoculations in two orders with a 24-h interval between the first and second pathogen. Dual-inoculations compared to mono-inoculations resulted in more severe host reactions. Pre-infection with AMPV followed by M. gallispeticum resulted in prolonged viral replication, more significant innate immune responses, and lesions (p < 0.05). AMPV as the secondary pathogen impaired the bacterial attachment process. Consequently, the M. gallispeticum replication was delayed, the innate immune response was less pronounced, and lesions appeared later. Our results suggest a competing process in co-infections and offer new insights in disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Rüger
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (N.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Hicham Sid
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Munich, Germany;
| | - Jochen Meens
- Institute for Microbiology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Michael P. Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Frederik Bexter
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (N.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Silke Rautenschlein
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (N.R.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8779
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41
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Nica IC, Stan MS, Popescu RG, Nicula N, Ducu R, Diamandescu L, Dinischiotu A. Fe-N Co-Doped Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Cell Death in Human Lung Fibroblasts in a p53-Independent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179627. [PMID: 34502536 PMCID: PMC8431805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of nanotechnology in the last decade has developed an abundance of novel and intriguing TiO2-based nanomaterials that are widely used in many sectors, including industry (as a food additive and colorant in cosmetics, paints, plastics, and toothpaste) and biomedicine (photoelectrochemical biosensing, implant coatings, drug delivery, and new emerging antimicrobial agents). Therefore, the increased use of engineered nanomaterials in the industry has raised serious concern about human exposure and their unexpected cytotoxic effects. Since inhalation is considered the most relevant way of absorbing nanomaterials, different cell death mechanisms induced in MRC-5 lung fibroblasts, following the exposure to functionalized TiO2 NPs, were investigated. Long-term exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles co-doped with 1% of iron and nitrogen led to the alteration of p53 protein activity and the gene expression controlled by this suppressor (NF-kB and mdm2), DNA damage, cell cycle disruptions at the G2/M and S phases, and lysosomal membrane permeabilization and the subsequent release of cathepsin B, triggering the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in a Bax- and p53-independent manner. Our results are of major significance, contributing to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interaction of these nanoparticles with in vitro biological systems, and also providing useful information for the development of new photocatalytic nanoparticles that are active in the visible spectrum, but with increased biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Cristina Nica
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest–ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna S. Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest–ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +40-21-318-15-75
| | - Roua G. Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Nicoleta Nicula
- Environment/Energy and Climate Change Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE—CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania; (N.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Robert Ducu
- Environment/Energy and Climate Change Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE—CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania; (N.N.); (R.D.)
| | - Lucian Diamandescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics (NIMP), Atomistilor 405A, Magurele, 077125 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (I.C.N.); (R.G.P.); (A.D.)
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Reparation of an Inflamed Air-Liquid Interface Cultured A549 Cells with Nebulized Nanocurcumin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091331. [PMID: 34575407 PMCID: PMC8466083 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and antimicrobial activities of curcumin (CUR) are missed because of its low solubility in aqueous media, low bioavailability, and structural lability upon oral intake. Soft nanoparticles such as nanoliposomes are not efficient as CUR carriers, since crystalline CUR is expelled from them to physiological media. Nanostructures to efficiently trap and increase the aqueous solubility of CUR are needed to improve both oral or nebulized delivery of CUR. Here we showed that SRA1 targeted nanoarchaeosomes (nATC) [1:0.4 w:w:0.04] archaeolipids, tween 80 and CUR, 155 ± 16 nm sized of −20.7 ± 3.3 z potential, retained 0.22 mg CUR ± 0.09 per 12.9 mg lipids ± 4.0 (~600 μM CUR) in front to dilution, storage, and nebulization. Raman and fluorescence spectra and SAXS patterns were compatible with a mixture of enol and keto CUR tautomers trapped within the depths of nATC bilayer. Between 20 and 5 µg CUR/mL, nATC was endocytosed by THP1 and A549 liquid–liquid monolayers without noticeable cytotoxicity. Five micrograms of CUR/mL nATC nebulized on an inflamed air–liquid interface of A549 cells increased TEER, normalized the permeation of LY, and decreased il6, tnfα, and il8 levels. Overall, these results suggest the modified pharmacodynamics of CUR in nATC is useful for epithelia repair upon inflammatory damage, deserving further deeper exploration, particularly related to its targeting ability.
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43
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Ott EJE, Kucinski TM, Dawson JN, Freedman MA. Use of Transmission Electron Microscopy for Analysis of Aerosol Particles and Strategies for Imaging Fragile Particles. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11347-11356. [PMID: 34370455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
For over 25 years, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has provided a method for the study of aerosol particles with sizes from below the optical diffraction limit to several microns, resolving the particles as well as smaller features. The wide use of this technique to study aerosol particles has contributed important insights about environmental aerosol particle samples and model atmospheric systems. TEM produces an image that is a 2D projection of aerosol particles that have been impacted onto grids and, through associated techniques and spectroscopies, can contribute additional information such as the determination of elemental composition, crystal structure, and 3D particle structures. Soot, mineral dust, and organic/inorganic particles have all been analyzed using TEM and spectroscopic techniques. TEM, however, has limitations that are important to understand when interpreting data including the ability of the electron beam to damage and thereby change the structure and shape of particles, especially in the case of particles composed of organic compounds and salts. In this paper, we concentrate on the breadth of studies that have used TEM as the primary analysis technique. Another focus is on common issues with TEM and cryogenic-TEM. Insights for new users on best practices for fragile particles, that is, particles that are easily susceptible to damage from the electron beam, with this technique are discussed. Tips for readers on interpreting and evaluating the quality and accuracy of TEM data in the literature are also provided and explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily-Jean E Ott
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Theresa M Kucinski
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joseph Nelson Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Miriam Arak Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Song Y, Zhao L, Qi Z, Zhang Y, Cao G, Li R, Zhu L, Yang Z, Dong C, Cai Z. Application of a real-ambient fine particulate matter exposure system on different animal models. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 105:64-70. [PMID: 34130840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Simulation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is essential for evaluating adverse health effects. In this work, an ambient exposure system that mimicked real atmospheric conditions was installed in Taiyuan, China to study impacts of chronic PM2.5 exposure on adult and aged mice as well as Sirtuin3 knockout (Sirt3 KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. The real-ambient exposure system eliminated the possible artificial effects caused from exposure experiments and maintained the physiochemical characteristics of PM2.5. The case studies indicated that aged mice exhibited apparent heart dysfunction involving increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure after 17-week of real-ambient PM2.5 exposure. Meanwhile, 15-week of real-ambient PM2.5 exposure decreased the heart rate and amounts of associated catecholamines to induce heart failure in Sirt3 KO mice. Additionally, the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased platelet related indices suggested that inflammation occurred. The changes of biomarkers detected by targeted metabolomics confirmed metabolic disorder in WT and Sirt3 KO mice after exposed to real-ambient PM2.5. These results indicated that the real-ambient PM2.5 exposure system could evaluate the risks of certain diseases associated with air pollution and have great potential for supporting the investigations of PM2.5 effects on other types of rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guodong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Medici S, Peana M, Pelucelli A, Zoroddu MA. An updated overview on metal nanoparticles toxicity. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:17-26. [PMID: 34182143 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although thousands of different nanoparticles (NPs) have been identified and synthesized to date, well-defined, consistent guidelines to control their exposure and evaluate their potential toxicity have yet to be fully established. As potential applications of nanotechnology in numerous fields multiply, there is an increased awareness of the issue of nanomaterials' toxicity among scientists and producers managing them. An updated inventory of customer products containing NPs estimates that they currently number over 5.000; ten years ago, they were one fifth of this. More often than not, products bear no information regarding the presence of NPs in the indicated list of ingredients or components. Consumers are therefore largely unaware of the extent to which nanomaterials have entered our lives, let alone their potential risks. Moreover, the lack of certainties with regard to the safe use of NPs is curbing their applications in the biomedical field, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, where they are performing outstandingly but are not yet being exploited as much as they could. The production of radical oxygen species is a predominant mechanism leading to metal NPs-driven carcinogenesis. The release of particularly reactive metal ions capable of crossing cell membranes has also been implicated in NPs toxicity. In this review we discuss the origin, behavior and biological toxicity of different metal NPs with the aim of rationalizing related health hazards and calling attention to toxicological concerns involved in their increasingly widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serenella Medici
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Alessio Pelucelli
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Burns KE, Uhrig RF, Jewett ME, Bourbon MF, Krupa KA. Characterizing the Role of Biologically Relevant Fluid Dynamics on Silver Nanoparticle Dependent Oxidative Stress in Adherent and Suspension In Vitro Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060832. [PMID: 34071095 PMCID: PMC8224783 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being employed in numerous consumer goods and applications; however, they are renowned for inducing negative cellular consequences including toxicity, oxidative stress, and an inflammatory response. Nanotoxicological outcomes are dependent on numerous factors, including physicochemical, biological, and environmental influences. Currently, NP safety evaluations are carried out in both cell-based in vitro and animal in vivo models, with poor correlation between these mechanisms. These discrepancies highlight the need for enhanced exposure environments, which retain the advantages of in vitro models but incorporate critical in vivo influences, such as fluid dynamics. This study characterized the effects of dynamic flow on AgNP behavior, cellular interactions, and oxidative stress within both adherent alveolar (A549) and suspension monocyte (U937) models. This study determined that the presence of physiologically relevant flow resulted in substantial modifications to AgNP cellular interactions and subsequent oxidative stress, as assessed via reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione levels, p53, NFκB, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Within the adherent model, dynamic flow reduced AgNP deposition and oxidative stress markers by roughly 20%. However, due to increased frequency of contact, the suspension U937 cells were associated with higher NP interactions and intracellular stress under fluid flow exposure conditions. For example, the increased AgNP association resulted in a 50% increase in intracellular ROS and p53 levels. This work highlights the potential of modified in vitro systems to improve analysis of AgNP dosimetry and safety evaluations, including oxidative stress assessments.
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de Braganca L, Ferguson GJ, Luis Santos J, Derrick JP. Adverse immunological responses against non-viral nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems in the lung. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 18:61-73. [PMID: 33956565 PMCID: PMC8788408 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2021.1902432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large, unmet medical need to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other respiratory diseases. New modalities are being developed, including gene therapy which treats the disease at the DNA/RNA level. Despite recent innovations in non-viral gene therapy delivery for chronic respiratory diseases, unwanted or adverse interactions with immune cells, particularly macrophages, can limit drug efficacy. This review will examine the relationship between the design and fabrication of non-viral nucleic acid nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems and their ability to trigger unwanted immunogenic responses in lung tissues. NP formulated with peptides, lipids, synthetic and natural polymers provide a robust means of delivering the genetic cargos to the desired cells. However NP, or their components, may trigger local responses such as cell damage, edema, inflammation, and complement activation. These effects may be acute short-term reactions or chronic long-term effects like fibrosis, increased susceptibility to diseases, autoimmune disorders, and even cancer. This review examines the relationship between physicochemical properties, i.e. shape, charge, hydrophobicity, composition and stiffness, and interactions of NP with pulmonary immune cells. Inhalation is the ideal route of administration for direct delivery but inhaled NP encounter innate immune cells, such as alveolar macrophages (AM) and dendritic cells (DC), that perceive them as harmful foreign material, interfere with gene delivery to target cells, and can induce undesirable side effects. Recommendations for fabrication and formulation of gene therapies to avoid adverse immunological responses are given. These include fine tuning physicochemical properties, functionalization of the surface of NP to actively target diseased pulmonary cells and employing biomimetics to increase immunotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor de Braganca
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G John Ferguson
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jose Luis Santos
- Dosage Form Design Development, BioPharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeremy P Derrick
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Luo MX, Hua S, Shang QY. Application of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems for respiratory diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:325. [PMID: 33760125 PMCID: PMC7974419 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory disease is a common disease with a high incidence worldwide, which is a serious threat to human health, and is considered a societal and economic burden. The application of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems has created new treatments for respiratory diseases. Within this context, the present review systematically introduced the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs); reviewed the current research status of different nanocarriers in the treatment of respiratory diseases, including liposomes, solid lipid nanocarriers, polymeric nanocarriers, dendrimers, inorganic nanocarriers and protein nanocarriers; and discussed the main advantages and limitations of therapeutic nanomedicine in this field. The application of nanotechnology overcomes drug inherent deficiencies to a certain extent, and provides unlimited potential for the development of drugs to treat respiratory diseases. However, most of the related research work is in the preclinical experimental stage and safety assessment is still a challenging task. Future studies are needed to focus on the performance modification, molecular mechanism and potential toxicity of therapeutic nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xin Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Shan Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Yun Shang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
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Nossa R, Costa J, Cacopardo L, Ahluwalia A. Breathing in vitro: Designs and applications of engineered lung models. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211008696. [PMID: 33996022 PMCID: PMC8107677 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211008696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a systematic design guideline to users, particularly engineers interested in developing and deploying lung models, and biologists seeking to identify a suitable platform for conducting in vitro experiments involving pulmonary cells or tissues. We first discuss the state of the art on lung in vitro models, describing the most simplistic and traditional ones. Then, we analyze in further detail the more complex dynamic engineered systems that either provide mechanical cues, or allow for more predictive exposure studies, or in some cases even both. This is followed by a dedicated section on microchips of the lung. Lastly, we present a critical discussion of the different characteristics of each type of system and the criteria which may help researchers select the most appropriate technology according to their specific requirements. Readers are encouraged to refer to the tables accompanying the different sections where comprehensive and quantitative information on the operating parameters and performance of the different systems reported in the literature is provided.
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Lavanya MN, Preethi R, Moses JA, Anandharamakrishnan C. Aerosol-based Pulmonary Delivery of Therapeutic Molecules from Food Sources: Delivery Mechanism, Research Trends, and the Way Forward. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1888971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. N. Lavanya
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, India
| | - R. Preethi
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, India
| | - J. A. Moses
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, India
| | - C. Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nanoscale Processing Unit, Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT), Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Govt. Of India, India
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