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Winfree RL, Erreger K, Phillips J, Seto M, Wang Y, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Schrag MS, Hohman TJ, Hamm HE. Elevated protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) gene expression in Alzheimer's disease predicts cognitive decline. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 140:93-101. [PMID: 38761538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Platelet activation of protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) and thrombin are at the top of a chain of events leading to fibrin deposition, microinfarcts, blood-brain barrier disruption, and inflammation. We evaluated mRNA expression of the PAR4 gene F2RL3 in human brain and global cognitive performance in participants with and without cognitive impairment or dementia. Data were acquired from the Religious Orders Study (ROS) and the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP). F2RL3 mRNA was elevated in AD cases and was associated with worse retrospective longitudinal cognitive performance. Moreover, F2RL3 expression interacted with clinical AD diagnosis on longitudinal cognition whereas this relationship was attenuated in individuals without cognitive impairment. Additionally, when adjusting for the effects of AD neuropathology, F2RL3 expression remained a significant predictor of cognitive decline. F2RL3 expression correlated positively with transcript levels of proinflammatory markers including TNFα, IL-1β, NFκB, and fibrinogen α/β/γ. Together, these results reveal that F2RL3 mRNA expression is associated with multiple AD-relevant outcomes and its encoded product, PAR4, may play a role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Winfree
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kevin Erreger
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jared Phillips
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mabel Seto
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew S Schrag
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Heidi E Hamm
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Huang T, Sun F, Gao K, Wang Y, Zhu G, Chen F. The Role of Peripheral Inflammatory Markers and Coagulation Factors in Patients with Central Nervous System (CNS) Immune Disease and Glioma. World Neurosurg 2024:S1878-8750(24)00843-X. [PMID: 38763458 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gliomas are associated with high rates of disability and mortality, and currently, there is a lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis. The ideal biomarkers should be detected early through noninvasive methods. Our research aims to develop a rapid, convenient, noninvasive diagnostic method for gliomas, as well as for grading and differentiation. METHOD We retrospectively collected data from patients who underwent surgery for glioma, trigeminal neuralgia/hemifacial spasmschwannoma, and those diagnosed with multiple sclerosis at our institution from January 2018 to December 2020. Inflammatory markers and coagulation factor levels were collected on admission, and neutrophil count (NLR), (WBC count minus neutrophil count) / lymphocyte count, platelet count / lymphocyte count, lymphocyte count / monocyte count, and albumin count [g/L] + total lymphocyte count × 5 were calculated for patients. Analyze the significance of biomarkers in the diagnosis and grading of gliomas, the diagnosis of MS, and the differential diagnosis of them. RESULTS We evaluated 155 healthy individuals, 64 trigeminal neuralgia/hemifacial spasm patients, 47 MS patients, 316 schwannoma patients, and 814 with glioma patients. Compared with healthy controls and MS group, the preoperative levels of NLR, (WBC count minus neutrophil count) / lymphocyte count, D-dimer, Fibrinogen, Antithrobin, and Factor VIII of glioma patients were significantly higher in glioma patients and positively correlated with the grade of glioma. Conversely, 0020 lymphocyte count / Monocyte count and albumin count [g/L] + total lymphocyte count × 5 were significantly lower and negatively correlated with glioma grading. ROC curves confirmed that for the diagnosis of glioma, NLR showed a maximum area under the curve value of 0.8616 (0.8322-0.8910), followed by D-dimer and Antithrombin, with area under the curve values of 0.8205 (0.7601-0.8809) and 0.8455 (0.8153-0.8758), respectively. NLR and d-dimer also showed great sensitivity in the diagnosis of MS and differential diagnosis with gliomas. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that multiple inflammatory markers and coagulation factors could be utilized as biomarkers for the glioma diagnosis, grading, and differential diagnosis of MS. Furthermore, the combination of these markers exhibited high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kailun Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xu Zhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Jussen D, Saeed S, Jablonski T, Krenzlin H, Lucia K, Kraemer T, Kempski O, Czabanka M, Ringel F, Alessandri B. Influence of Blood Components on Neuroinflammation, Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown, and Functional Damage After Acute Subdural Hematoma in Rats. Neurotrauma Rep 2024; 5:215-225. [PMID: 38463418 PMCID: PMC10924060 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A central component of injury development after acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is the increased intracranial pressure and consecutive mechanical reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, the role of different blood constituents in ASDH as additional lesioning factors remains unclear. This study examines the influence of blood components on neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and functional deficits in a rat model of ASDH. We infused corpuscular (whole blood, whole blood lysate, and red cell blood) and plasmatic (blood plasma, anticoagulated blood plasma, and aqueous isotonic solution) blood components into the subdural space while CBF was monitored. Rats then underwent behavioral testing. Lesion analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed 2 days after ASDH. Inflammatory reaction was assessed using staining for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, interleukin-1ß, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and membrane attack complex. Integrity of the BBB was evaluated with albumin and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) staining. We observed a significant drop in CBF in the corpuscular group (75% ± 7.5% of baseline) with distinct post-operative deficits and larger lesion volume compared to the plasmatic group (13.6 ± 5.4 vs. 1.3 ± 0.4 mm3). Further, inflammation was significantly increased in the corpuscular group with stronger immunoreaction. After whole blood infusion, albumin and MMP9 immunoreaction were significantly increased, pointing toward a disrupted BBB. The interaction between corpuscular and plasmatic blood components seems to be a key factor in the detrimental impact of ASDH. This interaction results in neuroinflammation and BBB leakage. These findings underscore the importance of performing surgery as early as possible and also provide indications for potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jussen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Syamend Saeed
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tatjana Jablonski
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald Krenzlin
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristin Lucia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Kraemer
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Kempski
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Ringel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beat Alessandri
- Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute for Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Hou JJ, Ding L, Yang T, Yang YF, Jin YP, Zhang XP, Ma AH, Qin YH. The proteolytic activity in inflammatory bowel disease: insight from gut microbiota. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106560. [PMID: 38272327 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease caused by the destruction of the intestinal mucosal epithelium that affects a growing number of people worldwide. Although the etiology of IBD is complex and still elucidated, the role of dysbiosis and dysregulated proteolysis is well recognized. Various studies observed altered composition and diversity of gut microbiota, as well as increased proteolytic activity (PA) in serum, plasma, colonic mucosa, and fecal supernatant of IBD compared to healthy individuals. The imbalance of intestinal microecology and intestinal protein hydrolysis were gradually considered to be closely related to IBD. Notably, the pivotal role of intestinal microbiota in maintaining proteolytic balance received increasing attention. In summary, we have speculated a mesmerizing story, regarding the hidden role of PA and microbiota-derived PA hidden in IBD. Most importantly, we provided the diagnosis and therapeutic targets for IBD as well as the formulation of new treatment strategies for other digestive diseases and protease-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Yan-Fei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Yue-Ping Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - A-Huo Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China
| | - Yue-Hua Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, PR China.
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Zhao C, Zhou T, Li M, Liu J, Zhao X, Pang Y, Liu X, Zhang J, Ma L, Li W, Yao X, Feng S. Argatroban promotes recovery of spinal cord injury by inhibiting the PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:434-439. [PMID: 37488908 PMCID: PMC10503625 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Argatroban is a synthetic thrombin inhibitor approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of thrombosis. However, whether it plays a role in the repair of spinal cord injury is unknown. In this study, we established a rat model of T10 moderate spinal cord injury using an NYU Impactor Moder III and performed intraperitoneal injection of argatroban for 3 consecutive days. Our results showed that argatroban effectively promoted neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury and decreased thrombin expression and activity in the local injured spinal cord. RNA sequencing transcriptomic analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in the argatroban-treated group were enriched in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which is involved in astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that argatroban downregulated the expression of the thrombin receptor PAR1 in the injured spinal cord and the JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway. Argatroban also inhibited the activation and proliferation of astrocytes and reduced glial scar formation in the spinal cord. Taken together, these findings suggest that argatroban may inhibit astrogliosis by inhibiting the thrombin-mediated PAR1/JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway, thereby promoting the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiangang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yilin Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Orthopedic Research Center of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Skripchenko NV, Alekseeva LA, Zheleznikova GF, Skripchenko EY, Bessonova TV, Zhirkov AA. [Factors of the hemostasis system as biomarkers of severe course of acute viral infections]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:63-74. [PMID: 38529865 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412403163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The authors give literature review of hemostasis and immune system factors intraction as main biomarkers of a severe cause of viral infectious diseases. Pro-inflamatory cytokines as the main markers of inflammation, can serve both as biomarkers of the clinical severity of the infectious process and reflect the state of the hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems, since components of these systems are present in various structures of the central nervous system and affect the development of neurons and synaptic plasticity. An inverse correlation has been proven between the concentration of D-dimer and the oxygenation index, and the development of DIC is not associated with the presence of respiratory failure in patients with influenza type A, while the ferritin concentration directly reflects the severity of the disease. One of the markers of endothelial damage may be soluble thrombomodulin, which, however, is rarely used in routine clinical practice. Cytoflavin is a highly effective pathogenetic drug that affects various parts of the hemostasis system, has anti-ischemic, antioxidant, antihypoxic, immunocorrective effect, which is indicated for any generalized infectious disease since its debut.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Skripchenko
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L A Alekseeva
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G F Zheleznikova
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E Yu Skripchenko
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T V Bessonova
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Zhirkov
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Liu A, Sun J, Tiwari S, Wong J, Wang H, Tang D, Han Z. Effect of Chinese herbal formulae (BU-SHEN-YI-QI granule) treatment on thrombin expression after ischemia/reperfusion. ALL LIFE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2023.2173311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Sagun Tiwari
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
- International Education College, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - John Wong
- School of Nursing and Department of Occupational Therapy, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Honglin Wang
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Tang
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Han
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, P.R. People’s Republic of China
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Abpeikar Z, Alizadeh AA, Rezakhani L, Ramezani V, Goodarzi A, Safaei M. Advantages of Material Biofunctionalization Using Nucleic Acid Aptamers in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1935-1953. [PMID: 37017917 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Material engineering is a fundamental issue in the applications of materials in the medical field. One of the aspects of material engineering is incorporating recognition sites on the surface of biomaterials, which plays an essential role in increasing the efficiency of tissue engineering scaffolds in various aspects. The application of peptides and antibodies to establish the recognition and adhesion sites has limitations, such as fragility and instability under physical and chemical processes. Therefore, synthetic ligands such as nucleic acid aptamers have received much attention for easy synthesis, minimal immunogenicity, high specificity, and stability under processing. Due to the effective role of these ligands in increasing the efficiency of engineered constructs in this study, the advantages of nucleic acid aptamers in tissue engineering will be reviewed. Aptamer-functionalized biomaterials can attract endogenous stem cells to wounded areas and organize their actions to facilitate tissue regeneration. This approach harnesses the body's inherent regeneration potential to treat many diseases. Also, increased efficacy in controlled release, slow and targeted drug delivery are important issues in drug delivery for tissue engineering approaches which can be achieved by incorporating aptamers in drug delivery systems. Aptamer-functionalized scaffolds have very applications, such as diagnosis of cancer, hematological infections, narcotics, heavy metals, toxins, controlled release from the scaffolds, and in vivo cell tracing. Aptasensors, as a result of many advantages over other traditional assay methods, can replace older methods. Furthermore, their unique targeting mechanism also targets compounds with no particular receptors. Targeting cell homing, local and targeted drug delivery, cell adhesion efficacy, cytocompatibility and bioactivity of scaffolds, aptamer-based biosensor, and aptamer-functionalized scaffolds are the topics that will be examined in this review study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abpeikar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Ramezani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Arash Goodarzi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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9
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Beura SK, Dhapola R, Panigrahi AR, Yadav P, Kumar R, Reddy DH, Singh SK. Antiplatelet drugs: Potential therapeutic options for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1835-1877. [PMID: 37132460 DOI: 10.1002/med.21965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The blood platelet plays an important role but often remains under-recognized in several vascular complications and associated diseases. Surprisingly, platelet hyperactivity and hyperaggregability have often been considered the critical risk factors for developing vascular dysfunctions in several neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, platelet structural and functional impairments promote prothrombotic and proinflammatory environment that can aggravate the progression of several NDDs. These findings provide the rationale for using antiplatelet agents not only to prevent morbidity but also to reduce mortality caused by NDDs. Therefore, we thoroughly review the evidence supporting the potential pleiotropic effects of several novel classes of synthetic antiplatelet drugs, that is, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonists, protease-activated receptor blockers, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors in NDDs. Apart from this, the review also emphasizes the recent developments of selected natural antiplatelet phytochemicals belonging to key classes of plant-based bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids as potential therapeutic candidates in NDDs. We believe that the broad analysis of contemporary strategies and specific approaches for plausible therapeutic treatment for NDDs presented in this review could be helpful for further successful research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir K Beura
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rishika Dhapola
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Abhishek R Panigrahi
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Reetesh Kumar
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dibbanti H Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil K Singh
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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10
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Xie Z, Zhou H, Qiu Z, Fan Z, Yang W, Zhang J, Wang Y, Ye Y. Association between 23 drugs and Parkinson's disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3225. [PMID: 37654024 PMCID: PMC10636399 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative nervous system disease. At present, there are certain limitations in various treatment options aimed at preventing or delaying the progression of PD. Therefore, the exploration of new drugs for PD is beneficial. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis can be used to explore the association between drugs and diseases. In this study, MR analysis was adopted to investigate the causal relationship between 23 drugs and PD. These drugs have been approved for the treatment of different diseases, such as salicylic acid and derivatives (collectively called salicylates, e.g., aspirin, used for fever and pain relief), antithrombotic agents (e.g., warfarin, aspirin, used for preventing thrombotic events). METHODS The GWAS data for the 23 drugs were obtained from the UK Biobank (UKB) project, while the GWAS data for PD were sourced from FinnGen. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). We first performed a series of quality control steps (including MR-PRESSO) to select the appropriate SNPs. Two-sample MR analysis was performed using five different methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW) with random-effects model, weighted median, MR-Egger, simple model, and weighted model. At the same time, sensitivity analysis was carried out using the MR-Egger and Cochran's Q test to ensure the authenticity and reliability of the results. RESULTS In MR-PRESSO, salicylates and antithrombotic agents showed statistically significant associations with PD, respectively. In the main MR analysis (IVW), there was a negative causal relationship between salicylates and PD (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.54-0.98, p = .039). Similarly, there was a negative causal relationship between antithrombotic agents and PD (OR = 0.70, 95%CI = 0.52-0.96, p = .027). No statistically significant association was found between the remaining 21 drugs and PD. CONCLUSION This MR study demonstrated that salicylates and antithrombotic agents can reduce the risk of PD, thus providing a novel avenue for future drug exploration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Xie
- Department of Clinical MedicineThe Second Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Haobin Zhou
- Department of Clinical MedicineThe First Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ziyu Qiu
- Department of Clinical MedicineThe Third Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhongxi Fan
- Department of Clinical MedicineThe Third Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Weisheng Yang
- Department of NursingThe Nursing College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jingbai Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yezhong Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yongyi Ye
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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11
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Oliveira-Silva R, Wang Y, Nooteboom SW, Prazeres DMF, Paulo PMR, Zijlstra P. Single-Particle Plasmon Sensor to Monitor Proteolytic Activity in Real Time. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 1:1661-1669. [PMID: 37915971 PMCID: PMC10616847 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.3c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
We have established a label-free plasmonic platform that monitors proteolytic activity in real time. The sensor consists of a random array of gold nanorods that are functionalized with a design peptide that is specifically cleaved by thrombin, resulting in a blueshift of the longitudinal plasmon. By monitoring the plasmon of many individual nanorods, we determined thrombin's proteolytic activity in real time and inferred relevant kinetic parameters. Furthermore, a comparison to a kinetic model revealed that the plasmon shift is dictated by a competition between peptide cleavage and thrombin binding, which have opposing effects on the measured plasmon shift. The dynamic range of the sensor is greater than two orders of magnitude, and it is capable of detecting physiologically relevant levels of active thrombin down to 3 nM in buffered conditions. We expect these plasmon-mediated label-free sensors to open the window to a range of applications stretching from the diagnostic and characterization of bleeding disorders to fundamental proteolytic and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Oliveira-Silva
- MBx
Molecular Biosensing, Department of Applied Physics and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- iBB
− Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yuyang Wang
- MBx
Molecular Biosensing, Department of Applied Physics and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd W. Nooteboom
- MBx
Molecular Biosensing, Department of Applied Physics and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Duarte M. F. Prazeres
- iBB
− Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. R. Paulo
- CQE—Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Zijlstra
- MBx
Molecular Biosensing, Department of Applied Physics and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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12
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Koudriavtseva T, Lorenzano S, Cellerino M, Truglio M, Fiorelli M, Lapucci C, D’Agosto G, Conti L, Stefanile A, Zannino S, Filippi MM, Cortese A, Piantadosi C, Maschio M, Maialetti A, Galiè E, Salvetti M, Inglese M. Tissue factor as a potential coagulative/vascular marker in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1226616. [PMID: 37583699 PMCID: PMC10424925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1226616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recent studies supported coagulation involvement in multiple sclerosis, an inflammatory-demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system. The main objectives of this observational study were to identify the most specific pro-coagulative/vascular factors for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and to correlate them with brain hemodynamic abnormalities. Methods We compared i) serum/plasma levels of complement(C)/coagulation/vascular factors, viral/microbiological assays, fat-soluble vitamins and lymphocyte count among people with multiple sclerosis sampled in a clinical remission (n=30; 23F/7M, 40 ± 8.14 years) or a relapse (n=30; 24F/6M, age 41 ± 10.74 years) and age/sex-matched controls (n=30; 23F/7M, 40 ± 8.38 years); ii) brain hemodynamic metrics at dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced 3T-MRI during relapse and remission, and iii) laboratory data with MRI perfusion metrics and clinical features of people with multiple sclerosis. Two models by Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis were performed using two groups as input: (1) multiple sclerosis vs. controls, and (2) relapsing vs. remitting multiple sclerosis. Results Compared to controls, multiple sclerosis patients had a higher Body-Mass-Index, Protein-C and activated-C9; and a lower activated-C4. Levels of Tissue-Factor, Tie-2 and P-Selectin/CD62P were lower in relapse compared to remission and HC, whereas Angiopoietin-I was higher in relapsing vs. remitting multiple sclerosis. A lower number of total lymphocytes was found in relapsing multiple sclerosis vs. remitting multiple sclerosis and controls. Cerebral-Blood-Volume was lower in normal-appearing white matter and left caudatum while Cerebral-Blood-Flow was inferior in bilateral putamen in relapsing versus remitting multiple sclerosis. The mean-transit-time of gadolinium-enhancing lesions negatively correlated with Tissue-Factor. The top-5 discriminating variables for model (1) were: EBV-EBNA-1 IgG, Body-Mass-Index, Protein-C, activated-C4 and Tissue-Factor whereas for model (2) were: Tissue-Factor, Angiopoietin-I, MCHC, Vitamin A and T-CD3. Conclusion Tissue-factor was one of the top-5 variables in the models discriminating either multiple sclerosis from controls or multiple sclerosis relapse from remission and correlated with mean-transit-time of gadolinium-enhancing lesions. Tissue-factor appears a promising pro-coagulative/vascular biomarker and a possible therapeutic target in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04380220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Koudriavtseva
- Medical Direction, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Svetlana Lorenzano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cellerino
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mauro Truglio
- Clinical Pathology and Cancer Biobank, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Lapucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna D’Agosto
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Clinical Pathology and Cancer Biobank, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziata Stefanile
- Clinical Pathology and Cancer Biobank, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Zannino
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Cortese
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Piantadosi
- Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC) Neurology, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Maschio
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Maialetti
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Edvina Galiè
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Istituti Fisioterapici Ospitalieri (IFO), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neuroscience Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NEMOS), Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Matilde Inglese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Kim S, Sharma C, Jung UJ, Kim SR. Pathophysiological Role of Microglial Activation Induced by Blood-Borne Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051383. [PMID: 37239054 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts entry of neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and pathogens into the brain, leading to proper neuronal functioning. BBB impairment leads to blood-borne protein infiltration such as prothrombin, thrombin, prothrombin kringle-2, fibrinogen, fibrin, and other harmful substances. Thus, microglial activation and release of pro-inflammatory mediators commence, resulting in neuronal damage and leading to impaired cognition via neuroinflammatory responses, which are important features observed in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Moreover, these blood-borne proteins cluster with the amyloid beta plaque in the brain, exacerbating microglial activation, neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, and oxidative stress. These mechanisms work in concert and reinforce each other, contributing to the typical pathological changes in AD in the brain. Therefore, the identification of blood-borne proteins and the mechanisms involved in microglial activation and neuroinflammatory damage can be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD prevention. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation caused by the influx of blood-borne proteins into the brain via BBB disruption. Subsequently, the mechanisms of drugs that inhibit blood-borne proteins, as a potential therapeutic approach for AD, along with the limitations and potential challenges of these approaches, are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanchal Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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14
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Iannucci J, Grammas P. Thrombin, a Key Driver of Pathological Inflammation in the Brain. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091222. [PMID: 37174621 PMCID: PMC10177239 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are major contributors to death and disability worldwide. A multitude of evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is critical in neurodegenerative disease processes. Exploring the key mediators of neuroinflammation in AD, a prototypical neurodegenerative disease, could help identify pathologic inflammatory mediators and mechanisms in other neurodegenerative diseases. Elevated levels of the multifunctional inflammatory protein thrombin are commonly found in conditions that increase AD risk, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and traumatic brain injury. Thrombin, a main driver of the coagulation cascade, has been identified as important to pathological events in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that coagulation cascade-associated proteins act as drivers of inflammation in the AD brain, and studies in both human populations and animal models support the view that abnormalities in thrombin generation promote AD pathology. Thrombin drives neuroinflammation through its pro-inflammatory activation of microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells. Due to the wide-ranging pro-inflammatory effects of thrombin in the brain, inhibiting thrombin could be an effective strategy for interrupting the inflammatory cascade which contributes to neurodegenerative disease progression and, as such, may be a potential therapeutic target for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Iannucci
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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15
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Jiang X, Li Y, Liu H, Zhang Q, Li D, Zhu W, He Y, Zhang G, Zhao Y. Carbon dots doped with nitrogen as an ultrasensitive fluorescent probe for thrombin activity monitoring and inhibitor screening. Talanta 2023; 259:124532. [PMID: 37054621 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive fluorometric assay based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) was developed for the determination of thrombin (TB) activity in human serum samples and living cells. The novel N-CDs were prepared by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method using 1,2-ethylenediamine and levodopa as precursors. Such N-CDs exhibited green fluorescence with excitation/emission peaks at 390/520 nm and a high fluorescence quantum yield of approximately 39.2%. H-D-Phenylalanyl-L-pipecolyl-Larginine-p-nitroaniline-dihydrochloride (S-2238) was hydrolyzed by TB to produce p-nitroaniline which was capable of quenching the fluorescence of N-CDs due to an inner filter effect. This assay was used to detect TB activity with a low detection limit of 11.3 fM. The proposed sensing method was then expanded to the TB inhibitor screening and exhibited excellent applicability. As a typical TB inhibitor, argatroban was determined in a concentration as low as 1.43 nM. The method has also been successfully employed for the determination of TB activity in living HeLa cells. This work showed significant potential for TB activity assay in clinical and biomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Jiang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Dandan Li
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Wanglisha Zhu
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Yanping He
- People's Hospital of Xinjin District, Chengdu Clinical Laboratory, China
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China.
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16
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Ghosh U, Kumar V, Singh G, Kanti Chakraborty T. Conformation Based in silico Studies of Cyclic Tetrapeptides with βγ Fused Turns as Thrombin Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560012 India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Gajendra Singh
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- School of Life Sciences Central University of Rajasthan Bandar Sindri Ajmer 305817 Rajasthan India
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17
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Zhou LX, Lin SW, Qiu RH, Lin L, Guo YF, Luo DS, Li YQ, Wang F. Blood-nerve barrier disruption and coagulation system activation induced by mechanical compression injury participate in the peripheral sensitization of trigeminal neuralgia. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1059980. [PMID: 36618827 PMCID: PMC9810503 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1059980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and possible mechanisms of the blood-nerve barrier (BNB) and the coagulation-anticoagulation system in modulating the mechanical allodynia in a trigeminal neuralgia (TN) rat model induced by chronic compression of the trigeminal root entry zone (TREZ). Methods Von Frey filaments were applied to determine the orofacial mechanical allodynia threshold. The BNB permeability was evaluated by Evans blue extravasation test. Immunohistochemical staining and laser confocal microscopy were used to measure the length of the depletion zones of the nodes of Ranvier in the TREZ, the diameter of nerve fibers and the length of the nodal gap. The transcriptional levels of prothrombin and endogenous thrombin inhibitor protease nexin-1 (PN-1) in the TREZ of TN rats were assessed by RT-qPCR. A Western blotting assay was performed to detect the expression of paranodal proteins neurofascin-155 (NF155) and neurofascin-125 (NF125) in the TREZ. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of thrombin activated receptor (i.e. protease activated receptor 1, PAR1) in TREZ were defined by immunostaining and immunoblotting assays. PAR1 receptor inhibitors SCH79797 were administrated to TN rats to analyze the effect of thrombin-PAR1 on orofacial hyperalgesia. Results A compression injury of a rat's TREZ successfully induced TN-like behavior and was accompanied by the destruction of the permeability of the BNB and the promotion of prothrombin and thrombin inhibitor protease nexin-1 (PN-1) expression. The expression of the paranodal proteins neurofascin-155 (NF155) and neurofascin-125 (NF125) was increased, while the nodal gap length of the nodes of Ranvier was widened and the length of node-depleted zones was shortened. Moreover, the expression of PAR1 within the TREZ was upregulated at an early stage of TN, and administration of the PAR1 antagonist SCH79797 effectively ameliorated orofacial mechanical allodynia. Conclusion A compression injury of the TREZ increased the permeability of the BNB and induced disturbances in the local coagulation-anticoagulation system, concomitant with the structural changes in the nodes of Ranvier, thrombin-PAR1 may play a critical role in modulating orofacial mechanical hyperalgesia in a TN rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Xi Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shao-Wei Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Rong-Hui Qiu
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yue-Feng Guo
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dao-Shu Luo
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Dao-Shu Luo,
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Yun-Qing Li,
| | - Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,*Correspondence: Feng Wang,
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18
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Design strategies, current applications and future perspective of aptasensors for neurological disease biomarkers. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Gómez-Arconada L, Díaz-Fernández A, Ferapontova EE. Ultrasensitive disposable apatasensor for reagentless electrocatalytic detection of thrombin: An O2-Dependent hemin-G4-aptamer assay on gold screen-printed electrodes. Talanta 2022; 245:123456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Zolotoff C, Puech C, Roche F, Perek N. Effects of intermittent hypoxia with thrombin in an in vitro model of human brain endothelial cells and their impact on PAR-1/PAR-3 cleavage. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12305. [PMID: 35853902 PMCID: PMC9296553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea (OSA) are at high risk of cerebrovascular diseases leading to cognitive impairment. The oxidative stress generated by intermittent hypoxia (IH) could lead to an increase in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, an essential interface for the protection of the brain. Moreover, in patients with OSA, blood coagulation could be increased leading to cardiovascular complications. Thrombin is a factor found increased in these populations that exerts various cellular effects through activation of protease activated receptors (PARs). Thus, we have evaluated in an in vitro BBB model the association of IH with thrombin at two concentrations. We measured the apparent BBB permeability, expression of tight junctions, ROS production, HIF-1α expression, and cleavage of PAR-1/PAR-3. Pre-treatment with dabigatran was performed. IH and higher thrombin concentrations altered BBB permeability: high levels of HIF-1α expression, ROS and PAR-1 activation compared to PAR-3 in such conditions. Conversely, lower concentration of thrombin associated with IH appear to have a protective effect on BBB with a significant cleavage of PAR-3. Dabigatran reversed the deleterious effect of thrombin at high concentrations but also suppressed the beneficial effect of low dose thrombin. Therefore, thrombin and PARs represent novel attractive targets to prevent BBB opening in OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Zolotoff
- INSERM, U1059, Sainbiose, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France. .,Faculté de Médecine - Campus Santé Innovations, 10 Rue de la Marandière, 42270, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
| | - Clémentine Puech
- INSERM, U1059, Sainbiose, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Frédéric Roche
- INSERM, U1059, Sainbiose, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.,Service de Physiologie Clinique Et de L'Exercice, Centre VISAS, CHU Saint Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Nathalie Perek
- INSERM, U1059, Sainbiose, Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
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Chen X, Zhang H, Hao H, Zhang X, Song H, He B, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Zhu Z, Hu Y, Wang Y. Thrombin induces morphological and inflammatory astrocytic responses via activation of PAR1 receptor. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:189. [PMID: 35399122 PMCID: PMC8995373 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00997-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) will result in the significant elevation of thrombin production at lesion site via either breakage of blood-spinal cord barrier or upregulated expression within nerve cells. Thrombin-induced activation of the protease activated receptors (PARs) evokes various pathological effects that deteriorate the functional outcomes of the injured cord. The cellular consequences of thrombin action on the astrocytes, as well as the underlying mechanism are not fully elucidated by far. In the present study, SCI model of rats was established by contusion, and primary astrocytes were isolated for culture from newborn rats. The expression levels of thrombin and PAR1 receptor at lesion sites of the spinal cord were determined. The primary astrocytes cultured in vitro were stimulated with different concentration of thrombin, and the resultant morphological changes, inflammatory astrocytic responses, as well as PAR1-activated signal pathway of astrocytes were accordingly examined using various agonists or antagonists of the receptor. Thrombin was found to reverse astrocytic stellation, promote proliferation but inhibit migration of astrocytes. Furthermore, the serine protease was shown to facilitate inflammatory response of astrocytes through regulation of MAPKs/NFκB pathway. Our results have provided the morphological evidence of astrocytic reactivity in response to thrombin stimulation and its neuroinflammatory effects following SCI, which will be indicative for the fundamental insights of thrombin-induced neuropathology.
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22
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Alaqel SI, Dlamini S, Almarghalani DA, Shettigar A, Alhadidi Q, Kodithuwakku SH, Stary C, Tillekeratne LMV, Shah ZA. Synthesis and Development of a Novel First-in-Class Cofilin Inhibitor for Neuroinflammation in Hemorrhagic Brain Injury. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1014-1029. [PMID: 35302736 PMCID: PMC9996837 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is devastating among stroke types with high mortality. To date, not a single therapeutic intervention has been successful. Cofilin plays a critical role in inflammation and cell death. In the current study, we embarked on designing and synthesizing a first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor of cofilin to target secondary complications of ICH, mainly neuroinflammation. A series of compounds were synthesized, and two lead compounds SZ-3 and SK-1-32 were selected for further studies. Neuronal and microglial viabilities were assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay using neuroblastoma (SHSY-5Y) and human microglial (HMC-3) cell lines, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in HMC-3 cells was used for neurotoxicity assay. Other assays include nitric oxide (NO) by Griess reagent, cofilin inhibition by F-actin depolymerization, migration by scratch wound assay, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting (WB), and protein expression levels of several proteins by WB. SK-1-32 increased neuronal/microglial survival, reduced NO, and prevented neurotoxicity. However, SZ-3 showed no effect on neuronal/microglial survival but prevented microglia from LPS-induced inflammation by decreasing NO and preventing neurotoxicity. Therefore, we selected SZ-3 for further molecular studies, as it showed potent anti-inflammatory activities. SZ-3 decreased cofilin severing activity, and its treatment of LPS-activated HMC-3 cells attenuated microglial activation and suppressed migration and proliferation. HMC-3 cells subjected to thrombin, as an in vitro model for hemorrhagic stroke, and treated with SZ-3 after 3 h showed significantly decreased NO and TNF-α, significantly increased protein expression of phosphocofilin, and decreased PAR-1. In addition, SZ-3-treated SHSY-5Y showed a significant increase in cell viability by significantly reducing nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB), caspase-3, and high-temperature requirement (HtrA2). Together, our results support the novel idea of targeting cofilin to counter neuroinflammation during secondary injury following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Creed Stary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Mucke HA. Drug Repurposing Patent Applications October: December 2021. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2022.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Shavit-Stein E, Berkowitz S, Gofrit SG, Altman K, Weinberg N, Maggio N. Neurocoagulation from a Mechanistic Point of View in the Central Nervous System. Semin Thromb Hemost 2022; 48:277-287. [PMID: 35052009 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation mechanisms are critical for maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). Thrombin, an important player of the coagulation cascade, activates protease activator receptors (PARs), members of the G-protein coupled receptor family. PAR1 is located on neurons and glia. Following thrombin activation, PAR1 signals through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, causing alterations in neuronal glutamate release and astrocytic morphological changes. Similarly, the anticoagulation factor activated protein C (aPC) can cleave PAR1, following interaction with the endothelial protein C receptor. Both thrombin and aPC are expressed on endothelial cells and pericytes in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Thrombin-induced PAR1 activation increases cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in brain vessels, resulting in nitric oxide release and increasing F-actin stress fibers, damaging BBB integrity. aPC also induces PAR1 activation and preserves BBB vascular integrity via coupling to sphingosine 1 phosphate receptors. Thrombin-induced PAR1 overactivation and BBB disruption are evident in CNS pathologies. During epileptic seizures, BBB disruption promotes thrombin penetration. Thrombin induces PAR1 activation and potentiates N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, inducing glutamate-mediated hyperexcitability. Specific PAR1 inhibition decreases status epilepticus severity in vivo. In stroke, the elevation of brain thrombin levels further compromises BBB integrity, with direct parenchymal damage, while systemic factor Xa inhibition improves neurological outcomes. In multiple sclerosis (MS), brain thrombin inhibitory capacity correlates with clinical presentation. Both thrombin inhibition by hirudin and the use of recombinant aPC improve disease severity in an MS animal model. This review presents the mechanisms underlying the effects of coagulation on the physiology and pathophysiology of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shani Berkowitz
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shany Guly Gofrit
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Keren Altman
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nitai Weinberg
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler School of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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25
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Berkowitz S, Chapman J, Dori A, Gofrit SG, Maggio N, Shavit-Stein E. Complement and Coagulation System Crosstalk in Synaptic and Neural Conduction in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121950. [PMID: 34944766 PMCID: PMC8698364 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement and coagulation are both key systems that defend the body from harm. They share multiple features and are similarly activated. They each play individual roles in the systemic circulation in physiology and pathophysiology, with significant crosstalk between them. Components from both systems are mapped to important structures in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Complement and coagulation participate in critical functions in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. During pathophysiological states, complement and coagulation factors are upregulated and can modulate synaptic transmission and neuronal conduction. This review summarizes the current evidence regarding the roles of the complement system and the coagulation cascade in the CNS and PNS. Possible crosstalk between the two systems regarding neuroinflammatory-related effects on synaptic transmission and neuronal conduction is explored. Novel treatment based on the modulation of crosstalk between complement and coagulation may perhaps help to alleviate neuroinflammatory effects in diseased states of the CNS and PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Berkowitz
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (S.B.); (J.C.); (A.D.); (S.G.G.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Joab Chapman
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (S.B.); (J.C.); (A.D.); (S.G.G.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amir Dori
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (S.B.); (J.C.); (A.D.); (S.G.G.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 6997801, Israel
| | - Shany Guly Gofrit
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (S.B.); (J.C.); (A.D.); (S.G.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (S.B.); (J.C.); (A.D.); (S.G.G.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel; (S.B.); (J.C.); (A.D.); (S.G.G.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-50-921-0400
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Physical Exercise as a Modulator of Vascular Pathology and Thrombin Generation to Improve Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1124-1138. [PMID: 34846694 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the blood-brain barrier and occurrence of coagulopathy after traumatic brain injury (TBI) have important implications for multiple secondary injury processes. Given the extent of post-traumatic changes in neuronal function, significant alterations in some targets, such thrombin (a protease that plays a physiological role in maintaining blood coagulation), play an important role in TBI-induced pathophysiology. Despite the magnitude of thrombin in synaptic plasticity being concentration-dependent, the mechanisms underlying TBI have not been fully elucidated. The understanding of this post-injury neurovascular dysregulation is essential to establish scientific-based rehabilitative strategies. One of these strategies may be supporting physical exercise, considering its relevance in reducing damage after a TBI. However, there are caveats to consider when interpreting the effect of physical exercise on neurovascular dysregulation after TBI. To complete this picture, this review will describe how the interactions established between blood-borne factors (such as thrombin) and physical exercise alter the TBI pathophysiology.
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27
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Beura SK, Panigrahi AR, Yadav P, Agrawal S, Singh SK. Role of Neurons and Glia Cells in Wound Healing as a Novel Perspective Considering Platelet as a Conventional Player. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:137-160. [PMID: 34633653 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex physiological process in which the damaged or injured tissue is replaced or regenerated by new cells or existing cells respectively in their synthesized and secreted matrices. Several cells modulate the process of wound healing including macrophages, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. Apart from these cells, platelet has been considered as a major cellular fragment to be involved in wound healing at several stages by secreting its granular contents including growth factors, thus resulting in coagulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. A distant cell, which is gaining significant attention nowadays due to its resemblance with platelet in several aspects, is the neuron. Not only neurons but also glia cells are also confirmed to regulate wound healing at different stages in an orchestrated manner. Furthermore, these neurons and glia cells mediate wound healing inducing tissue repair and regeneration apart from hemostasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation by secreting various growth factors, coagulation molecules, immunomodulatory molecules as well as neurohormones, neuropeptides, and neurotrophins. Therefore, in wound healing platelets, neurons and glia cells not only contribute to tissue repair but are also responsible for establishing the wound microenvironment, thus affecting the proliferation of immune cells, fibroblast, and keratinocytes. Here in this review, we will enlighten the physiological roles of neurons and glia cells in coordination with platelets to understand various cellular and molecular mechanism in brain injury and associated neurocognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir K Beura
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Abhishek R Panigrahi
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Siwani Agrawal
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil K Singh
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India.
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28
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Vittal Rao H, Bihaqi SW, Iannucci J, Sen A, Grammas P. Thrombin Signaling Contributes to High Glucose-Induced Injury of Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:211-224. [PMID: 33252072 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the strongest disease-related risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In diabetics, hyperglycemia-induced microvascular complications are the major cause of end-organ injury, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Microvascular pathology is also an important and early feature of AD. The cerebral microvasculature may be a point of convergence of both diseases. Several lines of evidence also implicate thrombin in AD as well as in diabetes. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the role of thrombin in glucose-induced brain microvascular endothelial injury. METHODS Cultured Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs) were treated with 30 mM glucose±100 nM thrombin and±250 nM Dabigatran or inhibitors of PAR1, p38MAPK, MMP2, or MMP9. Cytotoxicity and thrombin activity assays on supernatants and western blotting for protein expression in lysates were performed. RESULTS reatment of HBMVECs with 30 mM glucose increased thrombin activity and expression of inflammatory proteins TNFα, IL-6, and MMPs 2 and 9; this elevation was reduced by the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Direct treatment of brain endothelial cells with thrombin upregulated p38MAPK and CREB, and induced TNFα, IL6, MMP2, and MMP9 as well as oxidative stress proteins NOX4 and iNOS. Inhibition of thrombin, thrombin receptor PAR1 or p38MAPK decrease expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress proteins, implying that thrombin may play a central role in glucose-induced endothelial injury. CONCLUSION Since preventing brain endothelial injury would preserve blood-brain barrier integrity, prevent neuroinflammation, and retain intact functioning of the neurovascular unit, inhibiting thrombin, or its downstream signaling effectors, could be a therapeutic strategy for mitigating diabetes-induced dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriya Vittal Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Syed Waseem Bihaqi
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jaclyn Iannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Abhik Sen
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Paula Grammas
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.,George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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29
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Zhang B, Tang G, He J, Yan X, Fan K. Ferritin nanocage: A promising and designable multi-module platform for constructing dynamic nanoassembly-based drug nanocarrier. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113892. [PMID: 34331986 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin has been widely recognized as an ideal drug delivery vehicle owing to its unique cage-like structure. Coupled with intrinsic targeting ability and excellent biosafety, ferritin-based drug delivery system, recently coined as ferritin drug carrier (FDC), has sparked great interest among researchers and shown promising application potential in the biomedical field. However, the flexibility and accuracy of traditional FDCs are limited when facing with complex disease microenvironments. To meet the fast-growing requirements for precision medicine, ferritin can serve as a designable multi-module platform to fabricate smarter FDC, which we introduce here as dynamic nanoassembly-based ferritin drug carrier (DNFDC). Compared to conventional FDC, DNFDCs directly integrate required functions into their nanostructure, which can achieve dynamic transformation upon stimuli to specifically activate and exert therapeutic functions at targeted sites. In this review, we summarize the superior characteristics of ferritin that contribute to the on-demand design of DNFDC and outline the current advances in DNFDC. Moreover, the potential research directions and challenges are also discussed here. Hopefully, this review may inspire the future development of DNFDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Guoheng Tang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jiuyang He
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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30
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Malecka K, Ferapontova EE. Femtomolar Detection of Thrombin in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid via Direct Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction by the Covalent G4-Hemin-Aptamer Complex. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:37979-37988. [PMID: 33878266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin, a serine protease playing a central role in the coagulation cascade reactions and a potent neurotoxin produced by injured brain endothelial cells, is a recognized cardiac biomarker and a critical biomarker for Alzheimer's disease development. Both in vivo and in vitro, its low physiological concentrations and nonspecific binding of other components of physiological fluids complicate electroanalysis of thrombin. Here, femtomolar levels of thrombin in serum and an artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected by the indicator-free electrochemical methodology exploiting the O2 reduction reaction directly, with no electron transfer mediators, electrocatalyzed by the covalent G4-hemin DNAzyme complex naturally self-assembling upon thrombin binding to the hemin-modified 29-mer DNA aptamer sequence tethered to gold via an alkanethiol linker. Coadsorbed PEG inhibited nonspecific protein binding and allowed the sought signal resolution. The proposed assay exploiting the "oxidase" activity of G4-hemin DNAzyme does not require any coreactants necessary for the traditional peroxidase activity-based assays with this DNAzyme, such as H2O2 and redox mediators, or solution deaeration and allows fast, overall 30 min analysis of thrombin in aerated buffer, CSF, and 1% human serum solutions. This pioneer approach exploiting the oxidase activity G4-hemin DNAzyme is simple, sensitive, and selective and represents a new tool for ultrasensitive electrocatalytic assays based on simple and efficient O2-dependent DNAzyme labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Malecka
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 1590-14, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland
| | - Elena E Ferapontova
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 1590-14, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
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31
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Neural Tissue Homeostasis and Repair Is Regulated via CS and DS Proteoglycan Motifs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696640. [PMID: 34409033 PMCID: PMC8365427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant and widely distributed glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the human body. As a component of proteoglycans (PGs) it has numerous roles in matrix stabilization and cellular regulation. This chapter highlights the roles of CS and CS-PGs in the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS/PNS). CS has specific cell regulatory roles that control tissue function and homeostasis. The CNS/PNS contains a diverse range of CS-PGs which direct the development of embryonic neural axonal networks, and the responses of neural cell populations in mature tissues to traumatic injury. Following brain trauma and spinal cord injury, a stabilizing CS-PG-rich scar tissue is laid down at the defect site to protect neural tissues, which are amongst the softest tissues of the human body. Unfortunately, the CS concentrated in gliotic scars also inhibits neural outgrowth and functional recovery. CS has well known inhibitory properties over neural behavior, and animal models of CNS/PNS injury have demonstrated that selective degradation of CS using chondroitinase improves neuronal functional recovery. CS-PGs are present diffusely in the CNS but also form denser regions of extracellular matrix termed perineuronal nets which surround neurons. Hyaluronan is immobilized in hyalectan CS-PG aggregates in these perineural structures, which provide neural protection, synapse, and neural plasticity, and have roles in memory and cognitive learning. Despite the generally inhibitory cues delivered by CS-A and CS-C, some CS-PGs containing highly charged CS disaccharides (CS-D, CS-E) or dermatan sulfate (DS) disaccharides that promote neural outgrowth and functional recovery. CS/DS thus has varied cell regulatory properties and structural ECM supportive roles in the CNS/PNS depending on the glycoform present and its location in tissue niches and specific cellular contexts. Studies on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have provided insightful information on neural interconnectivity and the role of the ECM and its PGs in neural development and in tissue morphogenesis in a whole organism environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonard’s, NSW, Australia
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Koudriavtseva T, Villani V, Lorenzano S, Giannarelli D, Di Domenico EG, Stefanile A, Maschio M, D'Agosto G, Pimpinelli F, Tanzilli A, Galiè E, Pace A. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Factor VIII and Antithrombin III: inflammatory-clotting biomarkers in glioma. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1152-1169. [PMID: 34345234 PMCID: PMC8326499 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
One of the key difficulties in glioma treatment is our limited ability to consistently assess cancer response or progression either by neuroimaging or specific blood biomarkers. An ideal biomarker could be measured through non-invasive methods such as blood-based biomarkers, aiding both early diagnosis and monitoring disease evolution. This is a single-center, case-control, 10-year retrospective, longitudinal study. We evaluated routine coagulation factors in 138 glioma patients (45 Females/93 Males; median [range] age, 56.4 [27-82] years; 64 non-recurrent/74 recurrent) and, for comparison, in 56 relapsing-remitting MS patients (41 Females/15 Males; 40.8 [25-62] years, 35 stable/21 active) and 23 controls (16 Females/7 Males; 41.7 [24-62] years) as well as Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in subgroups of 127 glioma patients, 33 MS patients and 23 healthy controls. Secondly, we assessed whether these indicators could be predictive of overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in glioma patients. NLR, d-dimer, Antithrombin III and Factor VIII were significantly higher in glioma patients compared to both MS patients and controls (p<0.0001 for all). ROC curves confirmed that either NLR, Antithrombin III or Factor VIII were moderately accurate biomarkers (0.7<AUC<0.9) for glioma patients compared to other two groups whereas d-dimer was a moderately accurate marker for glioma only when compared to controls. In multivariable analysis, NLR ≥ 4.3 (median) (HR 1.53 [95 % CI 1.04-2.26], p=0.03) together with the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥ 80 (median) (0.46 [0.31-0.69], p<0.0001) and use of steroids (1.75 [1.19-2.57], p=0.004) resulted independent predictors of OS while only KPS was independently associated with PFS. Our study showed increased levels of either NLR, Antithrombin III, Factor VIII, or d-dimer in glioma patients compared to MS patients and controls, where the first three represented moderately accurate biomarkers for this cancer. Among these markers, only NLR was found to be predictive for OS along with severe disability and steroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Koudriavtseva
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Villani
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Svetlana Lorenzano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, Rome, Italy
| | - Enea Gino Di Domenico
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, IRCCS San Gallicano Institute, IFO, Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziata Stefanile
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Maschio
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Agosto
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, IRCCS San Gallicano Institute, IFO, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Pimpinelli
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, IRCCS San Gallicano Institute, IFO, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Tanzilli
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Edvina Galiè
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pace
- Department of Clinical Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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Douxfils J, Favresse J, Dogné JM, Lecompte T, Susen S, Cordonnier C, Lebreton A, Gosselin R, Sié P, Pernod G, Gruel Y, Nguyen P, Vayne C, Mullier F. Hypotheses behind the very rare cases of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Thromb Res 2021; 203:163-171. [PMID: 34029848 PMCID: PMC8123522 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As of 4 April 2021, a total of 169 cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and 53 cases of splanchnic vein thrombosis were reported to EudraVigilance among around 34 million people vaccinated in the European Economic Area and United Kingdom with COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca, a chimpanzee adenoviral vector (ChAdOx1) encoding the spike protein antigen of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The first report of the European Medicines Agency gathering data on 20 million people vaccinated with Vaxzevria® in the UK and the EEA concluded that the number of post-vaccination cases with thromboembolic events as a whole reported to EudraVigilance in relation to the number of people vaccinated was lower than the estimated rate of such events in the general population. However, the EMA's Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee concluded that unusual thromboses with low blood platelets should be listed as very rare side effects of Vaxzevria®, pointing to a possible link. The same issue was identified with the COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen (Ad26.COV2.S). Currently, there is still a sharp contrast between the clinical or experimental data reported in the literature on COVID-19 and the scarcity of data on the unusual thrombotic events observed after the vaccination with these vaccines. Different hypotheses might support these observations and should trigger further in vitro and ex vivo investigations. Specialized studies were needed to fully understand the potential relationship between vaccination and possible risk factors in order to implement risk minimization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Douxfils
- University of Namur, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Namur, Belgium; QUALIblood s.a., Namur, Belgium.
| | - Julien Favresse
- University of Namur, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Namur, Belgium; Clinique Saint-Luc Bouge, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bouge, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- University of Namur, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Namur, Belgium
| | - Thomas Lecompte
- Départements de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, service d'angiologie et d'hémostase et Faculté de Médecine, Geneva Platelet Group (GpG), Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Susen
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Cordonnier
- Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Aurélien Lebreton
- Service d'hématologie biologique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Robert Gosselin
- University of California, Davis Health System, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Sacramento, United States
| | - Pierre Sié
- University Paul Sabatier, CHU of Toulouse, Laboratory of Hematology, F-31069 Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Pernod
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Department of Vascular Medicine, CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525/Themas, Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Gruel
- University of Tours, EA7501 GICC, CHRU de Tours, Department of Haemostasis, Tours, France
| | | | - Caroline Vayne
- University of Tours, EA7501 GICC, CHRU de Tours, Department of Haemostasis, Tours, France
| | - François Mullier
- CHU UCL Namur, Université catholique de Louvain, Hematology Laboratory, Namur Research for Life Sciences, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center, Yvoir, Belgium
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Mendes LG, Ferreira FV, Sielski MS, Livi S, Rocco SA, Sforça ML, Burga-Sánchez J, Vicente CP, Mei LHI. Electrospun Nanofibrous Architectures of Thrombin-Loaded Poly(ethylene oxide) for Faster in Vivo Wound Clotting. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5240-5250. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa G. Mendes
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-852, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe V. Ferreira
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-852, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Micheli S. Sielski
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastien Livi
- Université de Lyon, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères CNRS, UMR 5223, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne F-69621, France
| | - Silvana A. Rocco
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício L. Sforça
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonny Burga-Sánchez
- Physiological Science Department, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Campinas 13414-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina P. Vicente
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucia H. I. Mei
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-852, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang X, Xu Y, Li L, Lu W. Thrombin Aggravates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury of Cardiomyocytes by Activating an Autophagy Pathway-Mediated by SIRT1. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928480. [PMID: 33931577 PMCID: PMC8098101 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of mortality among adults worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of thrombin and SIRT1 in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used to create an H/R model to simulate in vivo ischemia/reperfusion injury. The MTT assay was used to measure cell viability, qRT-PCR was used to detect the level of SIRT1, thrombin, and PAR-1, and western blot analysis was conducted for evaluation of thrombin, PAR-1, SIRT1, LC3I, LC3II, and Beclin1. ELISA was applied for determination of IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-alpha, MMP-9, and ICAM-1. After the establishment of the H/R model, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was evaluated by the xanthine oxidase method, malondialdehyde content was detected by thiobarbituric acid assay, and reactive oxygen species generation was measured by CM-H2DCFDA. RESULTS The findings showed that thrombin enhanced inflammatory factor secretion and oxidative stress but inhibited cell viability in H/R-injured cardiomyocytes. We also observed that thrombin promoted autophagy in H/R-injured cardiomyocytes. In addition, thrombin enhanced the upregulation of SIRT1 expression by H/R. However, it was found that inhibition of SIRT1 could suppress the effect of thrombin on inflammatory factor secretion, oxidative stress, and cell viability. Moreover, downregulation of SIRT1 suppressed the inhibitory effect of thrombin on autophagy in H/R injury. CONCLUSIONS Thrombin aggravates H/R injury of cardiomyocytes by activating an autophagy pathway mediated by SIRT1. These findings might provide a potential target therapy for the treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury in future clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yunhe Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Lingbo Li
- Changchun Bioxun Biotechnology Limited Liability Company, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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The pleiotropic effects of antithrombotic drugs in the metabolic-cardiovascular-neurodegenerative disease continuum: impact beyond reduced clotting. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1015-1051. [PMID: 33881143 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antithrombotic drugs are widely used for primary and secondary prevention, as well as treatment of many cardiovascular disorders. Over the past few decades, major advances in the pharmacology of these agents have been made with the introduction of new drug classes as novel therapeutic options. Accumulating evidence indicates that the beneficial outcomes of some of these antithrombotic agents are not solely related to their ability to reduce thrombosis. Here, we review the evidence supporting established and potential pleiotropic effects of four novel classes of antithrombotic drugs, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) P2Y12-receptor antagonists, Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor Inhibitors, and Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs), which include Direct Factor Xa (FXa) and Direct Thrombin Inhibitors. Specifically, we discuss the molecular evidence supporting such pleiotropic effects in the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD) including endothelial dysfunction (ED), atherosclerosis, cardiac injury, stroke, and arrhythmia. Importantly, we highlight the role of DOACs in mitigating metabolic dysfunction-associated cardiovascular derangements. We also postulate that DOACs modulate perivascular adipose tissue inflammation and thus, may reverse cardiovascular dysfunction early in the course of the metabolic syndrome. In this regard, we argue that some antithrombotic agents can reverse the neurovascular damage in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's brain and following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Overall, we attempt to provide an up-to-date comprehensive review of the less-recognized, beneficial molecular aspects of antithrombotic therapy beyond reduced thrombus formation. We also make a solid argument for the need of further mechanistic analysis of the pleiotropic effects of antithrombotic drugs in the future.
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Shlobin NA, Har-Even M, Itsekson-Hayosh Z, Harnof S, Pick CG. Role of Thrombin in Central Nervous System Injury and Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:562. [PMID: 33921354 PMCID: PMC8070021 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin is a Na+-activated allosteric serine protease of the chymotrypsin family involved in coagulation, inflammation, cell protection, and apoptosis. Increasingly, the role of thrombin in the brain has been explored. Low concentrations of thrombin are neuroprotective, while high concentrations exert pathological effects. However, greater attention regarding the involvement of thrombin in normal and pathological processes in the central nervous system is warranted. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of thrombin action, localization, and functions in the central nervous system and describe the involvement of thrombin in stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and primary central nervous system tumors. We aim to comprehensively characterize the role of thrombin in neurological disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Shlobin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Meirav Har-Even
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ze’ev Itsekson-Hayosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Department of Neurology and Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer 5262000, Israel
| | - Sagi Harnof
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel;
| | - Chaim G. Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Biology of Addictive Diseases, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Wendimu MY, Alqinyah M, Vella S, Dean P, Almutairi F, Davila-Rivera R, Rayatpisheh S, Wohlschlegel J, Moreno S, Hooks SB. RGS10 physically and functionally interacts with STIM2 and requires store-operated calcium entry to regulate pro-inflammatory gene expression in microglia. Cell Signal 2021; 83:109974. [PMID: 33705894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic activation of microglia is a driving factor in the progression of neuroinflammatory diseases, and mechanisms that regulate microglial inflammatory signaling are potential targets for novel therapeutics. Regulator of G protein Signaling 10 is the most abundant RGS protein in microglia, where it suppresses inflammatory gene expression and reduces microglia-mediated neurotoxicity. In particular, microglial RGS10 downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the mechanism by which RGS10 affects inflammatory signaling is unknown and is independent of its canonical G protein targeted mechanism. Here, we sought to identify non-canonical RGS10 interacting partners that mediate its anti-inflammatory mechanism. Through RGS10 co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, we identified STIM2, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized calcium sensor and a component of the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) machinery, as a novel RGS10 interacting protein in microglia. Direct immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed RGS10-STIM2 interaction in multiple microglia and macrophage cell lines, as well as in primary cells, with no interaction observed with the homologue STIM1. We further determined that STIM2, Orai channels, and the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin are essential for LPS-induced COX-2 production in microglia, and this pathway is required for the inhibitory effect of RGS10 on COX-2. Additionally, our data demonstrated that RGS10 suppresses SOCE triggered by ER calcium depletion and that ER calcium depletion, which induces SOCE, amplifies pro-inflammatory genes. In addition to COX-2, we also show that RGS10 suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia in response to thrombin and LPS stimulation, and all of these effects require SOCE. Collectively, the physical and functional links between RGS10 and STIM2 suggest a complex regulatory network connecting RGS10, SOCE, and pro-inflammatory gene expression in microglia, with broad implications in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menbere Y Wendimu
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Mohammed Alqinyah
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Stephen Vella
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Phillip Dean
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Faris Almutairi
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Roseanne Davila-Rivera
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Shima Rayatpisheh
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States of America
| | - James Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, United States of America
| | - Silvia Moreno
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Shelley B Hooks
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America.
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Yavasoglu NG, Eren Y, Tatar IG, Yalcınkaya I. Infarct Volumes of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Receiving Direct Oral Anticoagulants due to Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 24:27-31. [PMID: 33911376 PMCID: PMC8061530 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_568_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been shown to decrease the risk of ischemic stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This study aims to investigate whether DOACs result in a significant change in lesion volume and the severity of the subsequent disability in patients who have experienced a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese G Yavasoglu
- Department of Neurology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Eren
- Department of Neurology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Idil G Tatar
- Department of Radiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irfan Yalcınkaya
- Department of Radiology, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
Acute brain injuries such as traumatic brain injury and stroke affect 85 million people a year worldwide, and many survivors suffer from long-term physical, cognitive, or psychosocial impairments. There are few FDA-approved therapies that are effective at preventing, halting, or ameliorating the state of disease in the brain after acute brain injury. To address this unmet need, one potential strategy is to leverage the unique physical and biological properties of nanomaterials. Decades of cancer nanomedicine research can serve as a blueprint for innovation in brain injury nanomedicines, both to emulate the successes and also to avoid potential pitfalls. In this review, we discuss how shared disease physiology between cancer and acute brain injuries can inform the design of novel nanomedicines for acute brain injuries. These disease hallmarks include dysregulated vasculature, an altered microenvironment, and changes in the immune system. We discuss several nanomaterial strategies that can be engineered to exploit these disease hallmarks, for example, passive accumulation, active targeting of disease-associated signals, bioresponsive designs that are "smart", and immune interactions.
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Dabigatran mitigates cisplatin-mediated nephrotoxicity through down regulation of thrombin pathway. J Adv Res 2021; 31:127-136. [PMID: 34194837 PMCID: PMC8240102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cisplatin (CDDP) nephrotoxicity is one of the most significant complications limiting its use in cancer therapy. Objectives This study investigated the pivotal role played by thrombin in CDDP-mediated nephrotoxicity. This work also aimed to clarify the possible preventive effect of Dabigatran (Dab), a direct thrombin inhibitor, on CDDP nephrotoxicity. Methods Animals were grouped as follow; normal control group, CDDP nephrotoxicity group, CDDP + Dab 15, and CDDP + Dab 25 groups. Four days following CDDP administration, blood and urine samples were collected to evaluate renal function. Moreover, tissue samples were collected from the kidney to determine apoptosis markers, oxidative stress and histopathological evaluation. An immunofluorescence analysis of tissue factor (TF), thrombin, protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), fibrin, pERK1/2 and P53 proteins expression was also performed. Results Thrombin, pERK, cleaved caspase-3, and oxidative stress markers were significantly elevated in CDDP-treated group. However, pretreatment of animals with either low or high doses of Dab significantly improved kidney function and decreased oxidative stress and apoptotic markers. Conclusion We conclude that thrombin is an important factor in the pathogenesis of CDDP kidney toxicity via activation of ERK1/2, P53 and caspase-3 pathway, which can be effectively blocked by Dab.
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Key Words
- BUN, Blood urea nitrogen
- CDDP, Cisplatin
- Cisplatin
- Cr, creatinine
- Crcl, Creatinine clerance
- Dab, Dabigatran
- Dabigatran
- FXa, activated form of Factor X
- GSH, Reduced Glutathion
- H&E, Hematoxylin–Eosin
- INR, International normalized ratio
- KIM-1, kidney injury molecule-1
- PAR, protease-activated receptor
- PAR2
- Pt, Prothrombin time
- Ptt, Partial thromboplastin time
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- TF, Tissue factor
- Thrombin
- pERK1/2
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Cao H, Seto SW, Bhuyan DJ, Chan HH, Song W. Effects of Thrombin on the Neurovascular Unit in Cerebral Ischemia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:973-984. [PMID: 33392917 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality that poses a significant burden on society and the economy. About 60% of cerebral ischemia is caused by thrombus, and the formation of thrombus proceeds from insoluble fibrin, following its transformation from liquid fibrinogen. In thrombus-induced ischemia, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), followed by the extravasation of blood components into the brain results in an altered brain microenvironment. Changes in the brain microenvironment affect brain function and the neurovascular unit (NVU), the working unit of the brain. Recent studies have reported that coagulation factors interact with the NVU and its components, but the specific function of this interaction is highly speculative and warrants further investigations. In this article, we reviewed the role of coagulation factors in cerebral ischemia and the role of coagulation factors in thrombosis. Additionally, the influence of thrombin on the NVU is introduced, as well as in the function of NVU, which may help to explore part of brain injury mechanism during ischemia. Lastly, we propose some novel therapeutic approaches on ischemic stroke by reducing the risk of coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Sai Wang Seto
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Deep Jyoti Bhuyan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Hoi Huen Chan
- Hong Kong Community College, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wenting Song
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Bihaqi SW, Rao HV, Sen A, Grammas P. Dabigatran reduces thrombin-induced neuroinflammation and AD markers in vitro: Therapeutic relevance for Alzheimer's disease. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 2:100014. [PMID: 36324711 PMCID: PMC9616330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2021.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin treatment induced proteins linked to neuroinflammation in SH-SY5Y cells. Thrombin exposure elevated the expression/ levels of proteins of AD pathway. EMSA showed dabigatran reduced activation of NFκB in SH-SY5Y cells. Dabigatran reduced thrombin-driven neuroinflammation and downstream AD pathology.
Background Vascular risk factors such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and elevated homocysteine levels are strongly correlated with onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Emerging evidence indicates that blood coagulation protein thrombin is associated with vascular and non-vascular risk factors of AD. Here, we examined the effect of thrombin and its direct inhibitor dabigatran on key mediators of neuro-inflammation and AD pathology in the retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Methods SH-SY5Y cells exposed to thrombin concentrations (10–100 nM) +/- 250 nM dabigatran for 24 h were analyzed for protein and gene expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to determine DNA binding of NFkB. Western blotting, qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to measure the protein, mRNA, and activity levels of known AD hallmarks and signaling molecules. Results Dabigatran treatment attenuated thrombin-induced increase in DNA binding of NFκB by 175% at 50 nM and by 77% at 100 nM thrombin concentration. Thrombin also augmented accumulation of Aβ protein expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, a downstream molecule in the signaling cascade, expression of pro-apoptotic mediator caspase 3, APP, tTau and pTau. Additionally, thrombin increased BACE1 activity, GSK3β expression, and APP, BACE1, Tau and GSK3β mRNA levels. Co-incubation with dabigatran attenuated thrombin-induced increases in the protein, mRNA, and activities of the aforesaid molecules to various extents (between −31% and −283%). Conclusion Our data demonstrates that thrombin promotes AD-related pathological changes in neuronal cultures and suggests that use of direct oral anticoagulants may provide a therapeutic benefit against thrombin-driven neuroinflammation and downstream pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Waseem Bihaqi
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell biology, 1020 Locust Street, Jefferson Alumni Hall, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - Haripriya Vittal Rao
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
- Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Winston Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Abhik Sen
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
- ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Paula Grammas
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
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Zhong DY, Li HY, Li L, Ma RM, Jiang CT, Li DX, Deng YH. Effect of Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction Combined with Western Medicine on Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8877998. [PMID: 33381213 PMCID: PMC7758136 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8877998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the curative effect of Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction (TQHXD) combined with Western medicine treatment (WMT) on Ischemic Stroke (IS). METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TQHXD in the treatment of IS by computer retrieval of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and Weipu Database. The retrieval time was taken from the establishment of the database to July 30, 2020. Two researchers, respectively, conducted a strict evaluation of the quality of the literature and extracted the data which were then entered in the RevMan5.3 software for meta-analysis. RESULTS 40 articles were listed, which involved 3260 patients. Meta-analysis results show that TQHXD combined with WMT can significantly reduce patients' NIHSS score, serum hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasma viscosity, serum fibrinogen, serum total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides and improve patients' ADL-Barthel scoring and treatment efficiency. However, there is no evidence that TQHXD combined with the WMT group can significantly decrease the incidence of adverse events. CONCLUSION The therapeutic effect of TQHXD combined with the WMT group was significantly better than that of the WMT alone group. For the treatment of patients with IS, TQHXD combined with WMT is worthy of application and promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-yuan Zhong
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Hao-yue Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Hunan Provincial Brain Hospital, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Lan Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Ruo-meng Ma
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | | | - Ding-xiang Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yi-hui Deng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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Wenzel J, Spyropoulos D, Assmann JC, Khan MA, Stölting I, Lembrich B, Kreißig S, Ridder DA, Isermann B, Schwaninger M. Endogenous THBD (Thrombomodulin) Mediates Angiogenesis in the Ischemic Brain—Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2837-2844. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
THBD (thrombomodulin) is part of the anticoagulant protein C-system that acts at the endothelium and is involved in anti-inflammatory and barrier-stabilizing processes. A recombinant soluble form of THBD was shown to have protective effects in different organs, but how the endogenous THBD is regulated during ischemia, particularly in the brain is not known to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of THBD, especially in brain endothelial cells, during ischemic stroke.
Approach and Results:
To induce ischemic brain damage, we occluded the middle cerebral artery of mice. We found an increased endothelial expression of
Thbd
in the peri-infarct area, whereas in the core of the ischemic tissue
Thbd
expression was decreased compared with the contralateral side. We generated a novel Cre/loxP-based mouse line that allows for the inducible deletion of
Thbd
specifically in brain endothelial cells, which worsened stroke outcome 48 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Unexpectedly, we found no signs of increased coagulation, thrombosis, or inflammation in the brain but decreased vessel diameters and impaired angiogenesis in the peri-infarct area that led to a reduced overall vessel length 1 week after stroke induction.
Conclusions:
Endogenous THBD acts as a protective factor in the brain during ischemic stroke and enhances vessel diameter and proliferation. These previously unknown properties of THBD could offer new opportunities to affect vessel function after ischemia and thereby improve stroke outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wenzel
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany (J.W., D.S., J.C.A., M.A.K., I.S., B.L., S.K., M.S.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (J.W., D.S., M.S.)
| | - Dimitrios Spyropoulos
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany (J.W., D.S., J.C.A., M.A.K., I.S., B.L., S.K., M.S.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (J.W., D.S., M.S.)
| | - Julian Christopher Assmann
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany (J.W., D.S., J.C.A., M.A.K., I.S., B.L., S.K., M.S.)
| | - Mahtab Ahmad Khan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany (J.W., D.S., J.C.A., M.A.K., I.S., B.L., S.K., M.S.)
| | - Ines Stölting
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany (J.W., D.S., J.C.A., M.A.K., I.S., B.L., S.K., M.S.)
| | - Beate Lembrich
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany (J.W., D.S., J.C.A., M.A.K., I.S., B.L., S.K., M.S.)
| | - Sara Kreißig
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany (J.W., D.S., J.C.A., M.A.K., I.S., B.L., S.K., M.S.)
| | | | - Berend Isermann
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Germany (B.I.)
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Germany (J.W., D.S., J.C.A., M.A.K., I.S., B.L., S.K., M.S.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany (J.W., D.S., M.S.)
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Girotti A, Escalera-Anzola S, Alonso-Sampedro I, González-Valdivieso J, Arias FJ. Aptamer-Functionalized Natural Protein-Based Polymers as Innovative Biomaterials. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1115. [PMID: 33228250 PMCID: PMC7699523 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials science is one of the most rapidly evolving fields in biomedicine. However, although novel biomaterials have achieved well-defined goals, such as the production of devices with improved biocompatibility and mechanical properties, their development could be more ambitious. Indeed, the integration of active targeting strategies has been shown to allow spatiotemporal control of cell-material interactions, thus leading to more specific and better-performing devices. This manuscript reviews recent advances that have led to enhanced biomaterials resulting from the use of natural structural macromolecules. In this regard, several structural macromolecules have been adapted or modified using biohybrid approaches for use in both regenerative medicine and therapeutic delivery. The integration of structural and functional features and aptamer targeting, although still incipient, has already shown its ability and wide-reaching potential. In this review, we discuss aptamer-functionalized hybrid protein-based or polymeric biomaterials derived from structural macromolecules, with a focus on bioresponsive/bioactive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Girotti
- BIOFORGE Research Group (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER-BBN, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara Escalera-Anzola
- Recombinant Biomaterials Research Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (S.E.-A.); (I.A.-S.); (J.G.-V.); (F.J.A.)
| | - Irene Alonso-Sampedro
- Recombinant Biomaterials Research Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (S.E.-A.); (I.A.-S.); (J.G.-V.); (F.J.A.)
| | - Juan González-Valdivieso
- Recombinant Biomaterials Research Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (S.E.-A.); (I.A.-S.); (J.G.-V.); (F.J.A.)
| | - Francisco. Javier Arias
- Recombinant Biomaterials Research Group, University of Valladolid, LUCIA Building, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; (S.E.-A.); (I.A.-S.); (J.G.-V.); (F.J.A.)
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Iannucci J, Johnson SL, Majchrzak M, Barlock BJ, Akhlaghi F, Seeram NP, Sen A, Grammas P. Short-term treatment with dabigatran alters protein expression patterns in a late-stage tau-based Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100862. [PMID: 33294639 PMCID: PMC7689047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins that regulate the coagulation cascade, including thrombin, are elevated in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. While studies using amyloid-based AD transgenic mouse models have implicated thrombin as a protein of interest, the role of thrombin in tau-based animal models has not been explored. The current study aims to determine how inhibiting thrombin could alter oxidative stress, inflammation, and AD-related proteins in a tau-based mouse model, the Tg4510. Aged Tg4510 mice were treated with the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran or vehicle for 7 days, brains collected, and western blot and data-independent proteomics using mass spectrometry with SWATH-MS acquisition performed to evaluate proteins related to oxidative stress, intracellular signaling, inflammation, and AD pathology. Dabigatran reduced iNOS, NOX4, and phosphorylation of tau (S396, S416). Additionally, dabigatran treatment increased expression of several signaling proteins related to cell survival and synaptic function. Increasing evidence supports a chronic procoagulant state in AD, highlighting a possible pathogenic role for thrombin. Our data demonstrate that inhibiting thrombin produces alterations in the expression of proteins involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and AD-related pathology, suggesting that thrombin-mediated signaling affects multiple AD-related pathways providing a potential future therapeutic target. Thrombin inhibition with dabigatran reduces markers of oxidative stress in vivo. Dabigatran treatment reduces tau pathology in vivo. Dabigatran treatment promotes factors related to cell survival, synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Iannucci
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Shelby L Johnson
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Mark Majchrzak
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Benjamin J Barlock
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Fatemeh Akhlaghi
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.,Bioactive Botanical Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Abhik Sen
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Paula Grammas
- George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
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48
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Ye F, Garton HJL, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G. The Role of Thrombin in Brain Injury After Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 12:496-511. [PMID: 32989665 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin is increased in the brain after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke primarily due to the prothrombin entry from blood either with a hemorrhage or following blood-brain barrier disruption. Increasing evidence indicates that thrombin and its receptors (protease-activated receptors (PARs)) play a major role in brain pathology following ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (including intracerebral, intraventricular, and subarachnoid hemorrhage). Thrombin and PARs affect brain injury via multiple mechanisms that can be detrimental or protective. The cleavage of prothrombin into thrombin is the key step of hemostasis and thrombosis which takes place in every stroke and subsequent brain injury. The extravascular effects and direct cellular interactions of thrombin are mediated by PARs (PAR-1, PAR-3, and PAR-4) and their downstream signaling in multiple brain cell types. Such effects include inducing blood-brain-barrier disruption, brain edema, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death, although low thrombin concentrations can promote cell survival. Also, thrombin directly links the coagulation system to the immune system by activating interleukin-1α. Such effects of thrombin can result in both short-term brain injury and long-term functional deficits, making extravascular thrombin an understudied therapeutic target for stroke. This review examines the role of thrombin and PARs in brain injury following hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke and the potential treatment strategies which are complicated by their role in both hemostasis and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 Biomedical Science Research Building, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Hugh J L Garton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 Biomedical Science Research Building, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 Biomedical Science Research Building, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 Biomedical Science Research Building, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 Biomedical Science Research Building, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
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Impedimetric Aptamer-Based Biosensors: Applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 174:43-91. [PMID: 32313965 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Impedimetric aptamer-based biosensors show high potential for handheld devices and point-of-care tests. In this review, we report on recent advances in aptamer-based impedimetric biosensors for applications in biotechnology. We detail on analytes relevant in medical and environmental biotechnology as well as food control, for which aptamer-based impedimetric biosensors were developed. The reviewed biosensors are examined for their performance, including sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and real sample validation. Additionally, the benefits and challenges of impedimetric aptasensors are summarized.
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50
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Iannucci J, Renehan W, Grammas P. Thrombin, a Mediator of Coagulation, Inflammation, and Neurotoxicity at the Neurovascular Interface: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:762. [PMID: 32792902 PMCID: PMC7393221 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The societal burden of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is staggering, with current estimates suggesting that 50 million people world-wide have AD. Identification of new therapeutic targets is a critical barrier to the development of disease-modifying therapies. A large body of data implicates vascular pathology and cardiovascular risk factors in the development of AD, indicating that there are likely shared pathological mediators. Inflammation plays a role in both cardiovascular disease and AD, and recent evidence has implicated elements of the coagulation system in the regulation of inflammation. In particular, the multifunctional serine protease thrombin has been found to act as a mediator of vascular dysfunction and inflammation in both the periphery and the central nervous system. In the periphery, thrombin contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis and diabetes, by inducing endothelial dysfunction and related inflammation. In the brain, thrombin has been found to act on endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier, microglia, astrocytes, and neurons in a manner that promotes vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Thrombin is elevated in the AD brain, and thrombin signaling has been linked to both tau and amyloid beta, pathological hallmarks of the disease. In AD mouse models, inhibiting thrombin preserves cognition and endothelial function and reduces neuroinflammation. Evidence linking atrial fibrillation with AD and dementia indicates that anticoagulant therapy may reduce the risk of dementia, with targeting thrombin shown to be particularly effective. It is time for “outside-the-box” thinking about how vascular risk factors, such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, as well as the coagulation and inflammatory pathways interact to promote increased AD risk. In this review, we present evidence that thrombin is a convergence point for AD risk factors and as such that thrombin-based therapeutics could target multiple points of AD pathology, including neurodegeneration, vascular activation, and neuroinflammation. The urgent need for disease-modifying drugs in AD demands new thinking about disease pathogenesis and an exploration of novel drug targets, we propose that thrombin inhibition is an innovative tactic in the therapeutic battle against this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Iannucci
- The George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - William Renehan
- The George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Paula Grammas
- The George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
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