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Martí-Quijal FJ, Pallarés N, Dawidowicz K, Ruiz MJ, Barba FJ. Enhancing Nutrient Recovery and Bioactive Compound Extraction from Spirulina through Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Implications for SH-SY5Y Cell Viability. Foods 2023; 12:2509. [PMID: 37444247 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This work explores the efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) to recover minerals, pigments, and antioxidant compounds from the spirulina microalgae. Moreover, the fatty acids and phenolic profiles of the extracts obtained were also investigated, and the effect of the extracts on SH-SY5Y cell viability was tested. The extraction of phycocyanin was improved by SFE compared to conventional extraction, from 2.838 ± 0.081 mg/g dry matter (DM) (control) to 6.438 ± 0.411 mg/g DM (SFE). SFE treatment also improved chlorophyll a and carotenoid recoveries increasing from 5.612 ± 0.547 to 8.645 ± 0.857 mg/g DM and from 0.447 ± 0.096 to 0.651 ± 0.120 mg/g DM, respectively. Regarding minerals, the SFE improved Mg recovery with 77% more than the control extraction. Moreover, palmitoleic, stearic, γ-linolenic, eicosadienoic and eicosatrienoic acids recovery was improved by SFE. Phenolic profiles were identified via triple-TOF-LC-MS-MS. Considering heavy metals, a higher rate of Pb extraction was observed for the SFE extract, while no significant differences were observed for Hg between both extractions. Finally, SFE extract improved cell viability compared to the control extract. Thus, SFE constitutes an interesting tool to sustainably extract high-added-value compounds; however, potential contaminants such as Pb need to be controlled in the resulting extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Martí-Quijal
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxics Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Noelia Pallarés
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxics Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Dawidowicz
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - María-José Ruiz
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxics Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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Tzima S, Georgiopoulou I, Louli V, Magoulas K. Recent Advances in Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Pigments, Lipids and Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031410. [PMID: 36771076 PMCID: PMC9920624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercritical CO2 extraction is a green method that combines economic and environmental benefits. Microalgae, on the other hand, is a biomass in abundance, capable of providing a vast variety of valuable compounds, finding applications in the food industry, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and biofuels. An extensive study on the existing literature concerning supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of microalgae has been carried out focusing on carotenoids, chlorophylls, lipids and fatty acids recovery, as well as the bioactivity of the extracts. Moreover, kinetic models used to describe SFE process and experimental design are included. Finally, biomass pretreatment processes applied prior to SFE are mentioned, and other extraction methods used as benchmarks are also presented.
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Martins R, Sales H, Pontes R, Nunes J, Gouveia I. Food Wastes and Microalgae as Sources of Bioactive Compounds and Pigments in a Modern Biorefinery: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020328. [PMID: 36829887 PMCID: PMC9952682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has created more pressure on countries and society at large for the development of alternative solutions for synthetic and fossil fuel derived products, thus mitigating climate change and environmental hazards. Food wastes and microalgae have been studied for decades as potential sources of several compounds that could be employed in various fields of application from pharmaceutical to textile and packaging. Although multiple research efforts have been put towards extracting rich compounds (i.e., phenolic compounds, tocopherols, and tocotrienols) from these sources, they still remain overlooked as two major sources of bioactive compounds and pigments, mainly due to inefficient extraction processes. Hence, there is a growing need for the development of optimized extraction methods while employing non-organic solvent options following the main principles of green chemistry. This review will focus on delivering a clear and deep analysis on the existing procedures for obtaining bioactive compounds and pigments from food wastes derived from the most consumed and produced fruit crops in the world such as apples, oranges, cherries, almonds, and mangoes, and microalgal biomass, while giving light to the existing drawbacks in need to be solved in order to take full advantage of the rich properties present in these two major biorefinery sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martins
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Oliveira do Hospital, 3405-155 Coimbra, Portugal
- FibEnTech Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Hélia Sales
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Oliveira do Hospital, 3405-155 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Pontes
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Oliveira do Hospital, 3405-155 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Nunes
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Oliveira do Hospital, 3405-155 Coimbra, Portugal
- BLC3 Evolution Lda, Oliveira do Hospital, 3405-155 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gouveia
- FibEnTech Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-127-531-9825
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Boness HVM, de Sá HC, Dos Santos EKP, Canuto GAB. Sample Preparation in Microbial Metabolomics: Advances and Challenges. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1439:149-183. [PMID: 37843809 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-41741-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial metabolomics has gained significant interest as it reflects the physiological state of microorganisms. Due to the great variability of biological organisms, in terms of physicochemical characteristics and variable range of concentration of metabolites, the choice of sample preparation methods is a crucial step in the metabolomics workflow and will reflect on the quality and reliability of the results generated. The procedures applied to the preparation of microbial samples will vary according to the type of microorganism studied, the metabolomics approach (untargeted or targeted), and the analytical platform of choice. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the sample preparation workflow for microbial metabolomics, highlighting the pre-analytical factors associated with cultivation, harvesting, metabolic quenching, and extraction. Discussions focus on obtaining intracellular and extracellular metabolites. Finally, we introduced advanced sample preparation methods based on automated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiter V M Boness
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Hanna C de Sá
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Emile K P Dos Santos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele A B Canuto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Improvement in the Sequential Extraction of Phycobiliproteins from Arthrospira platensis Using Green Technologies. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111896. [PMID: 36431030 PMCID: PMC9692409 DOI: 10.3390/life12111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis (commercially known as Spirulina) is an excellent source of phycobiliproteins, especially C-phycocyanin. Phycobiliproteins are significant bioactive compounds with useful biological applications. The extraction process plays a significant role in downstream microalga production and utilisation. The important pigments found in A. platensis include chlorophyll and carotenoids as nonpolar pigments and phycobiliproteins as polar pigments. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as a green extraction technology for the high-value metabolites of microalgae has potential for trends in food and human health. The nonpolar bioactive compounds, chlorophyll and carotenoids of A. platensis, were primarily separated using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) solvent-free fluid extraction pressure; the temperature and ethanol as cosolvent conditions were compared. The residue from the A. platensis cells was subjected to phycobiliprotein extraction. The phosphate and water extraction of A. platensis SFE residue were compared to evaluate phycobiliprotein extraction. The SFE results exhibited higher pressure (350 bar) and temperature extraction (50 °C) with ethanol-free extraction and increased nonpolar pigment. Phycobiliprotein yield was obtained from A. platensis SFE residue by ethanol-free buffer extraction as a suitable process with antioxidant properties. The C-phycocyanin was isolated and enhanced to 0.7 purity as food grade. This developed method can be used as a guideline and applied as a sustainable process for important pigment extraction from Arthrospira microalgae.
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Singh M, Mal N, Mohapatra R, Bagchi T, Parambath SD, Chavali M, Rao KM, Ramanaiah SV, Kadier A, Kumar G, Chandrasekhar K, Kim SH. Recent biotechnological developments in reshaping the microalgal genome: A signal for green recovery in biorefinery practices. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133513. [PMID: 34990720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of renewable energy sources as a substitute for nonrenewable fossil fuels is urgently required. Algae biorefinery platform provides an excellent alternate to overcome future energy problems. However, to let this viable biomass be competent with existing feedstocks, it is necessary to exploit genetic manipulation and improvement in upstream and downstream platforms for optimal bio-product recovery. Furthermore, the techno-economic strategies further maximize metabolites production for biofuel, biohydrogen, and other industrial applications. The experimental methodologies in algal photobioreactor promote high biomass production, enriched in lipid and starch content in limited environmental conditions. This review presents an optimization framework combining genetic manipulation methods to simulate microalgal growth dynamics, understand the complexity of algal biorefinery to scale up, and identify green strategies for techno-economic feasibility of algae for biomass conversion. Overall, the algal biorefinery opens up new possibilities for the valorization of algae biomass and the synthesis of various novel products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Singh
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Navonil Mal
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Reecha Mohapatra
- Department of Life Sciences, NIT Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Trisha Bagchi
- Department of Botany, West Bengal State University, Barasat, 700126, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Murthy Chavali
- Office of the Dean (Research) & Division of Chemistry, Department of Science, Faculty of Science & Technology, Alliance University (Central Campus), Chandapura-Anekal Main Road, Bengaluru, 562106, Karnataka, India; NTRC-MCETRC and 109 Nano Composite Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Guntur District, 522201, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kummara Madhusudana Rao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Joyeong-dong, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, South Korea; Department of Automotive Lighting Convergence Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Joyeong-dong, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38541, South Korea
| | - S V Ramanaiah
- Food and Biotechnology Research Lab, South Ural State University (National Research University), 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Abudukeremu Kadier
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; Center of Material and Opto-electronic Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - K Chandrasekhar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Silvestre‐De‐León R, Espinosa‐Ramírez J, Pérez‐Carrillo E, Serna‐Saldívar SO. Extruded chickpea flour sequentially treated with alcalase and α‐amylase produces dry instant beverage powders with enhanced yield and nutritional properties. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robinzon Silvestre‐De‐León
- Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Engineering and Sciences Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur Monterrey Nuevo Leon 64849 Mexico
| | - Johanan Espinosa‐Ramírez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Engineering and Sciences Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur Monterrey Nuevo Leon 64849 Mexico
| | - Esther Pérez‐Carrillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Engineering and Sciences Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur Monterrey Nuevo Leon 64849 Mexico
| | - Sergio O. Serna‐Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Engineering and Sciences Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur Monterrey Nuevo Leon 64849 Mexico
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Esquivel-Hernández DA, Pennacchio A, Torres-Acosta MA, Parra-Saldívar R, de Souza Vandenberghe LP, Faraco V. Multi-product biorefinery from Arthrospira platensis biomass as feedstock for bioethanol and lactic acid production. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19309. [PMID: 34588465 PMCID: PMC8481326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aim to reach the maximum recovery of bulk and specialty bioproducts while minimizing waste generation, a multi-product biorefinery for ethanol and lactic acid production from the biomass of cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis was investigated. Therefore, the residual biomass resulting from different pretreatments consisting of supercritical fluid extraction (SF) and microwave assisted extraction with non-polar (MN) and polar solvents (MP), previously applied on A. platensis to extract bioactive metabolites, was further valorized. In particular, it was used as a substrate for fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae LPB-287 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 to produce bioethanol (BE) and lactic acid (LA), respectively. The maximum concentrations achieved were 3.02 ± 0.07 g/L of BE by the MN process at 120 rpm 30 °C, and 9.67 ± 0.05 g/L of LA by the SF process at 120 rpm 37 °C. An economic analysis of BE and LA production was carried out to elucidate the impact of fermentation scale, fermenter costs, production titer, fermentation time and cyanobacterial biomass production cost. The results indicated that the critical variables are fermenter scale, equipment cost, and product titer; time process was analyzed but was not critical. As scale increased, costs tended to stabilize, but also more product was generated, which causes production costs per unit of product to sharply decrease. The median value of production cost was US$ 1.27 and US$ 0.39, for BE and LA, respectively, supporting the concept of cyanobacterium biomass being used for fermentation and subsequent extraction to obtain ethanol and lactic acid as end products from A. platensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Esquivel-Hernández
- grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico ,grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Present Address: Departamento de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ave. Universidad 2001, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico ,grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Present Address: Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anna Pennacchio
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario A. Torres-Acosta
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Biochemical Engineering, The Advance Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- grid.419886.a0000 0001 2203 4701Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe
- grid.20736.300000 0001 1941 472XDepartment of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos Avenue, 210, Curitiba, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
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Rodas-Zuluaga LI, Castillo-Zacarías C, Núñez-Goitia G, Martínez-Prado MA, Rodríguez-Rodríguez J, López-Pacheco IY, Sosa-Hernández JE, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Implementation of k La-Based Strategy for Scaling Up Porphyridium purpureum (Red Marine Microalga) to Produce High-Value Phycoerythrin, Fatty Acids, and Proteins. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060290. [PMID: 34064032 PMCID: PMC8224092 DOI: 10.3390/md19060290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyridium purpureum is a well-known Rhodophyta that recently has attracted enormous attention because of its capacity to produce many high-value metabolites such as the pigment phycoerythrin and several high-value fatty acids. Phycoerythrin is a fluorescent red protein-pigment commercially relevant with antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, and fluorescent properties. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) was kept constant within the different scaling-up stages in the present study. This scaling-up strategy was sought to maintain phycoerythrin production and other high-value metabolites by Porphyridium purpureum, using hanging-bag photobioreactors. The kLa was monitored to ensure the appropriate mixing and CO2 diffusion in the entire culture during the scaling process (16, 80, and 400 L). Then, biomass concentration, proteins, fatty acids, carbohydrates, and phycoerythrin were determined in each step of the scaling-up process. The kLa at 16 L reached a level of 0.0052 s-1, while at 80 L, a value of 0.0024 s-1 was achieved. This work result indicated that at 400 L, 1.22 g L-1 of biomass was obtained, and total carbohydrates (117.24 mg L-1), proteins (240.63 mg L-1), and lipids (17.75% DW) were accumulated. Regarding fatty acids production, 46.03% palmitic, 8.03% linoleic, 22.67% arachidonic, and 2.55% eicosapentaenoic acid were identified, principally. The phycoerythrin production was 20.88 mg L-1 with a purity of 2.75, making it viable for food-related applications. The results of these experiments provide insight into the high-scale production of phycoerythrin via the cultivation of P. purpureum in an inexpensive and straightforward culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Isabel Rodas-Zuluaga
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
| | - Carlos Castillo-Zacarías
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
| | - Gabriela Núñez-Goitia
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Durango, Durango 34080, Mexico; (G.N.-G.); (M.A.M.-P.)
| | - María Adriana Martínez-Prado
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Durango, Durango 34080, Mexico; (G.N.-G.); (M.A.M.-P.)
| | - José Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
| | - Itzel Y. López-Pacheco
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (L.I.R.-Z.); (C.C.-Z.); (J.R.-R.); (I.Y.L.-P.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
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Spirulina Lipids Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mice Fed a High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18030148. [PMID: 32143330 PMCID: PMC7143263 DOI: 10.3390/md18030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD)-induced obesity leads to oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory status. However, little is known about the beneficial effects of total lipids extracted from Spirulina. Hence, in the present study, Spirulina lipids were extracted with chloroform/methanol (SLC) or ethanol (SLE) and then their effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in the mice fed a HFHSD were investigated. The results show that the major lipid classes and fatty acid profiles of SLC and SLE were almost similar, but the gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and carotenoid contents in SLE was a little higher than that in SLC. Dietary 4% SLC or SLE for 12 weeks effectively decreased the hepatic lipid hydroperoxide levels as well as increased the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in the mice fed a HFHSD. In addition, supplementation with SLC and SLE also markedly decreased the levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue of mice fed a HFHSD, and the effects of SLC and SLE were comparable. These findings confirm for the first time that dietary Spirulina lipids could alleviate HFHSD-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Optimizations of microwave-assisted extraction and transesterification of bio-crude oil from spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-019-0444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Recent developments in supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds from microalgae: Role of key parameters, technological achievements and challenges. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yang Y, Du L, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K. Effect of Spirulina lipids on high-fat and high-sucrose diet induced obesity and hepatic lipid accumulation in C57BL/6J mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Mitra M, Mishra S. Multiproduct biorefinery from Arthrospira spp. towards zero waste: Current status and future trends. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121928. [PMID: 31399315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Considering the high- and low-value product perspectives, Arthrospira spp. are one of the most industrially exploited microalgae. However, currently, the biomass is being utilized for one specific product resulting in a steep upsurge in the overall production cost. Hence, to boost the economic viability of Arthrospira biorefinery process, every high- and low-value products from it ought to be valorized. Envisioning how costlier can be the multiproduct biorefinery concept owing to the downstream processing at an industrial scale, it is quite essential to look for new trends and encouraging solutions. This article intended to propose a sustainable biorefinery in the wake of the current understanding of the present constraints and challenges associated with Arthrospira biorefinery. The current review aimed at defining the future aspects of this biorefinery including integration and optimization of the culture strategy, and, implementation of new ingenious techniques to improve downstream processing (harvesting, extraction, fractionation, and purification).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusree Mitra
- Microalgae Group, Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, India
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Microalgae Group, Division of Biotechnology and Phycology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, India.
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Cai Y, Zhang CS, Liu S, Wen Z, Zhang AL, Guo X, Xue CC, Lu C. Add-On Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Post-Stroke Spasticity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:734. [PMID: 31316387 PMCID: PMC6610255 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment for post-stroke spasticity (PSS) remains a major challenge in clinical practice. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is often administered to assist in routine care (RC) in the treatment of PSS, with increasing numbers of clinical research and preclinical studies suggesting that it has potential benefits. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the add-on effects and safety of CHM for PSS. Methods: Five English and four Chinese databases were searched from their respective inception to 28 February 2018. We included randomized controlled trials that evaluated the add-on effects of CHM for PSS, based on changes in the scores of the (Modified) Ashworth Scale (AS or MAS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Sensorimotor Recovery (FMA), and Barthel Index (BI). Results: Thirty-five trials involving 2,457 patients were included. For upper-limb AS or MAS, the estimated add-on effects of CHM to RC were significantly better when using oral (SMD -1.79, 95% CI: -3.00 to -0.57) or topical CHM (SMD -1.06, 95% CI: -1.40 to -0.72). For lower-limb AS or MAS, significant add-on benefits to RC were also detected (SMD -1.01, 95% CI: -1.43 to -0.59 and SMD -1.16, 95% CI: -1.83 to -0.49) using oral and topical CHM, respectively. For FMA and BI, better results were detected when adding CHM to RC, except for the subgroup of oral CHM for upper-limb FMA. Ten of the 35 included studies reported safety information, with two of them mentioning two mild adverse events. Conclusions: Noting the quality concerns of the included trials, this review suggests that CHM appears to be a well-tolerated therapy for patients with PSS, and the potential add-on effects of CHM in reducing spasticity and improving the daily activities of patients with PSS require further rigorous assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire Shuiqing Zhang
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shaonan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehuai Wen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xinfeng Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charlie Changli Xue
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Selenium in Germinated Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Increases the Stability of Its Oil Fraction. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8050113. [PMID: 31035534 PMCID: PMC6571703 DOI: 10.3390/plants8050113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential mineral in human nutrition. In order to assess its effect on the stability of chickpea oil, seeds were germinated and tested with different amounts of sodium selenite (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/100g seeds) for four days. Oil was extracted from sprouted chickpea and its physical properties, fatty acid profile (FAME), oxidative stability index (OSI), lipase and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities, cellular antioxidant activity (CAA), and phenolics and carotenoids were assessed and compared to chickpea seed oil. The amount of chickpea oil and its acid value (AV) increased during germination. The OSI increased by 28%, 46% and 14% for 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/100g compared with non-selenium treated sprouts. Phenolics increased up to 36% and carotenoids reduced by half in germinated sprouts with and without selenium compared to seeds. Carotenoids increased by 16% in sprouts treated with 1.0 mg/100 g selenium compared to their counterparts without selenium. FAME was not affected by treatments but samples with the highest selenium concentration increased lipase activity by 19% and decreased lipoxygenase activity by 55% compared with untreated sprouts. The CAA of oils increased by 43% to 66% in all germinated treatments compared with seeds. Results suggest that Se-enriched chickpea sprouts could represent an excellent source of oil with a high OSI and CAA, associated with a reduction in LOX activity and an increase in phenolics, respectively.
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Yang X, Li Y, Li Y, Ye D, Yuan L, Sun Y, Han D, Hu Q. Solid Matrix-Supported Supercritical CO₂ Enhances Extraction of γ-Linolenic Acid from the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira ( Spirulina) platensis and Bioactivity Evaluation of the Molecule in Zebrafish. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17040203. [PMID: 30935028 PMCID: PMC6520994 DOI: 10.3390/md17040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine cyanobacteria represent a large untapped source of functional glycolipids enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for human health. However, advanced methods for scalable isolation of diverse species containing high-purity PUFA-rich glycolipids will have to be developed and their possible pharmaceutical and nutraceutical functions identified. This paper introduces a novel solid matrix-supported supercritical CO₂ extraction method for scalable isolation of the PUFA γ-linolenic acid (GLA)-enriched glycolipids from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, which has been the most widely used among microalgae in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Of various porous materials studied, diatomite was the best to facilitate extraction of GLA-rich glycolipids, resulting in an extraction efficiency of 98%. Gamma-linolenic acid made up 35% of total fatty acids (TFAs) in the extracts, which was considerably greater than that obtained with ethanol (26%), Bligh and Dyer (24%), and in situ transesterification (24%) methods, respectively. Lipidomics analysis revealed that GLA was exclusively associated with galactolipids. Pharmaceutical functions of GLA-rich galactolipids were investigated on a zebrafish caudal fin regeneration model. The results suggested that GLA extracted from A. platensis possessed anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities, which acted in a concerted manner to promote post-injury regeneration of zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Yang
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yanhua Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Ding Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Li Yuan
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yonghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
- Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Algae Biomass, Microalgae Biotechnology Center, SDIC Biotech Investment Co., LTD., State Development & Investment Corp., Beijing 100142, China.
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García-Pérez JS, Cuéllar-Bermúdez SP, Cruz-Quiroz RDL, Arévalo-Gallegos A, Esquivel-Hernandez DA, Rodríguez-Rodríguez J, García-García R, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldivar R. Supercritical CO 2-based tailor made valorization of Origanum vulgare L extracts: A green approach to extract high-value compounds with applied perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:796-802. [PMID: 30529867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the supercritical CO2-based extraction approach was used from the green technologies to extract Oregano oil (Origanum vulgare L.). A Taguchi experimental design was applied to evaluate the effect of pressure, temperature and ethanol as co-solvent. High yield of oregano oil (13.40%) was obtained at 40 °C, 100 bar and 8 g min-1 of co-solvent flow. Fatty acids profile include α-linolenic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic that contribute to 70.9-76.8% of total fatty acids. Volatile compounds including carvacrol (29.99%), heneicosane (8.21%), nonacosane (11.78%), docosane (7.18%), borneol (4.35%) and thymol (4.51%) were the main compounds identified. Antimicrobial activity assays showed that extracts obtained at 40 °C were highly efficient against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. Highest antioxidant activities on DPPH and FRAP assays were reached under 8 g min-1 of co-solvent flow (6.08 and 6.89 μmol TE g-1 extract, respectively). On the other hand, antioxidant activity (35.76 μmol TE g-1) on ABTS assay was improved at 40 °C, 100 bar, and 4 g min-1 of co-solvent flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saúl García-Pérez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Sara P Cuéllar-Bermúdez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Reynaldo de la Cruz-Quiroz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Arévalo-Gallegos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Diego A Esquivel-Hernandez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, CP 64849, Mexico
| | - José Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Rebeca García-García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, CP 64849, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldivar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL, CP 64849, Mexico.
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Supercritical fluid extraction assisted by cold pressing from clove buds: Extraction performance, volatile oil composition, and economic evaluation. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Syrpas M, Bukauskaitė J, Paškauskas R, Bašinskienė L, Venskutonis PR. Recovery of lipophilic products from wild cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae) isolated from the Curonian Lagoon by means of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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21
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Kapoore RV, Butler TO, Pandhal J, Vaidyanathan S. Microwave-Assisted Extraction for Microalgae: From Biofuels to Biorefinery. BIOLOGY 2018; 7:E18. [PMID: 29462888 PMCID: PMC5872044 DOI: 10.3390/biology7010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The commercial reality of bioactive compounds and oil production from microalgal species is constrained by the high cost of production. Downstream processing, which includes harvesting and extraction, can account for 70-80% of the total cost of production. Consequently, from an economic perspective extraction technologies need to be improved. Microalgal cells are difficult to disrupt due to polymers within their cell wall such as algaenan and sporopollenin. Consequently, solvents and disruption devices are required to obtain products of interest from within the cells. Conventional techniques used for cell disruption and extraction are expensive and are often hindered by low efficiencies. Microwave-assisted extraction offers a possibility for extraction of biochemical components including lipids, pigments, carbohydrates, vitamins and proteins, individually and as part of a biorefinery. Microwave technology has advanced since its use in the 1970s. It can cut down working times and result in higher yields and purity of products. In this review, the ability and challenges in using microwave technology are discussed for the extraction of bioactive products individually and as part of a biorefinery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Vijay Kapoore
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Thomas O Butler
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Jagroop Pandhal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Seetharaman Vaidyanathan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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Birringer M, Siems K, Maxones A, Frank J, Lorkowski S. Natural 6-hydroxy-chromanols and -chromenols: structural diversity, biosynthetic pathways and health implications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:4803-4841. [PMID: 35539527 PMCID: PMC9078042 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11819h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first comprehensive and systematic review on the structurally diverse toco-chromanols and -chromenols found in photosynthetic organisms, including marine organisms, and as metabolic intermediates in animals. The focus of this work is on the structural diversity of chromanols and chromenols that result from various side chain modifications. We describe more than 230 structures that derive from a 6-hydroxy-chromanol- and 6-hydroxy-chromenol core, respectively, and comprise di-, sesqui-, mono- and hemiterpenes. We assort the compounds into a structure-activity relationship with special emphasis on anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities of the congeners. This review covers the literature published from 1970 to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Birringer
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences Leipziger Straße 123 36037 Fulda Germany
| | - Karsten Siems
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH Hermannswerder Haus 17 14473 Potsdam Germany
| | - Alexander Maxones
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences Leipziger Straße 123 36037 Fulda Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim Garbenstr. 28 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger Str. 25 07743 Jena Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig Germany
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Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Parameters on the Biological Activities and Metabolites Present in Extracts from Arthrospira platensis. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15060174. [PMID: 28604646 PMCID: PMC5484124 DOI: 10.3390/md15060174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis was used to obtain functional extracts through supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO2). Pressure (P), temperature (T), co-solvent (CX), static extraction (SX), dispersant (Di) and dynamic extraction (DX) were evaluated as process parameters through a Plackett–Burman design. The maximum extract yield obtained was 7.48 ± 0.15% w/w. The maximum contents of bioactive metabolites in extracts were 0.69 ± 0.09 µg/g of riboflavin, 5.49 ± 0.10 µg/g of α-tocopherol, 524.46 ± 0.10 µg/g of β-carotene, 1.44 ± 0.10 µg/g of lutein and 32.11 ± 0.12 mg/g of fatty acids with 39.38% of palmitic acid, 20.63% of linoleic acid and 30.27% of γ-linolenic acid. A. platensis extracts had an antioxidant activity of 76.47 ± 0.71 µg GAE/g by Folin–Ciocalteu assay, 0.52 ± 0.02, 0.40 ± 0.01 and 1.47 ± 0.02 µmol TE/g by DPPH, FRAP and TEAC assays, respectively. These extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Overall, co-solvent was the most significant factor for all measured effects (p < 0.05). Arthrospira platensis represents a sustainable source of bioactive compounds through SFE using the following extraction parameters P: 450 bar, CX: 11 g/min, SX: 15 min, DX: 25 min, T: 60 °C and Di: 35 g.
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García‐Pérez JS, Robledo-Padilla F, Cuellar-Bermudez SP, Arévalo-Gallegos A, Parra-Saldivar R, Zavala-Yoe R, Ramirez-Mendoza RA, Iqbal HM. Thermodynamics and statistical correlation between supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction and bioactivity profile of locally available Mexican plants extracts. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Esquivel-Hernández DA, Rodríguez-Rodríguez J, Rostro-Alanis M, Cuéllar-Bermúdez SP, Mancera-Andrade EI, Núñez-Echevarría JE, García-Pérez JS, Chandra R, Parra-Saldívar R. Advancement of green process through microwave-assisted extraction of bioactive metabolites from Arthrospira Platensis and bioactivity evaluation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:618-629. [PMID: 27838319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity and functional properties of cyanobacterial extract mostly depends on process of extraction, temperature and solvent used (polar or non-polar). To evaluate these parameters a design of experiment (DOE; using a 2k design) was performed with Arthrospira platensis. Extraction process was optimized through microwave-assisted extraction considering solvent ratio, temperature and time of extraction with polar (PS) and non-polar (NPS). Maximum extract yield obtained was 4.32±0.25% and 5.26±0.11% (w/w) respectively for PS and NPS. Maximum content of bioactive metabolites in PS extracts were thiamine (846.57±14.12μg/g), riboflavin (101.09±1.63μg/g), C-phycocyanin (2.28±0.10μg/g) and A-phycocyanin (4.11±0.03μg/g), while for NPS extracts were α-tocopherol (37.86±0.78μg/g), β-carotene (123.64±1.45μg/g) and 19.44±0.21mg/g of fatty acids. A. platensis PS extracts showed high antimicrobial activity and PS extracts had antioxidant activity of 0.79±0.12μmolTE/g for FRAP assay, while for NPS extracts 1.03±0.08μmol α-TE/g for FRAP assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Esquivel-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias, Ingenieria y Tecnologia, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - José Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias, Ingenieria y Tecnologia, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Rostro-Alanis
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias, Ingenieria y Tecnologia, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | | | - Elena I Mancera-Andrade
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias, Ingenieria y Tecnologia, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Jade E Núñez-Echevarría
- Tecnologia Ambiental Biomex S.A. de C.V., Volcan Jorullo 5268, Zapopan, Jalisco 45070, Mexico
| | - J Saúl García-Pérez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias, Ingenieria y Tecnologia, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Rashmi Chandra
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias, Ingenieria y Tecnologia, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias, Ingenieria y Tecnologia, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L. 64849, Mexico.
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Poojary MM, Barba FJ, Aliakbarian B, Donsì F, Pataro G, Dias DA, Juliano P. Innovative Alternative Technologies to Extract Carotenoids from Microalgae and Seaweeds. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14110214. [PMID: 27879659 PMCID: PMC5128757 DOI: 10.3390/md14110214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae and seaweeds (microalgae) represent a sustainable source of various bioactive natural carotenoids, including β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin and fucoxanthin. Recently, the large-scale production of carotenoids from algal sources has gained significant interest with respect to commercial and industrial applications for health, nutrition, and cosmetic applications. Although conventional processing technologies, based on solvent extraction, offer a simple approach to isolating carotenoids, they suffer several, inherent limitations, including low efficiency (extraction yield), selectivity (purity), high solvent consumption, and long treatment times, which have led to advancements in the search for innovative extraction technologies. This comprehensive review summarizes the recent trends in the extraction of carotenoids from microalgae and seaweeds through the assistance of different innovative techniques, such as pulsed electric fields, liquid pressurization, supercritical fluids, subcritical fluids, microwaves, ultrasounds, and high-pressure homogenization. In particular, the review critically analyzes technologies, characteristics, advantages, and shortcomings of the different innovative processes, highlighting the differences in terms of yield, selectivity, and economic and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesha M Poojary
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, 3083 Bundoora, Australia.
- Chemistry Section, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Bahar Aliakbarian
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, University of Genoa, via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Donsì
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
- ProdAl Scarl, via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Gianpiero Pataro
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
- ProdAl Scarl, via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Daniel A Dias
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, 3083 Bundoora, Australia.
| | - Pablo Juliano
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, 3030 Werribee, VIC, Australia.
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García-Pérez JS, Cuéllar-Bermúdez SP, Arévalo-Gallegos A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez J, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldivar R. Identification of Bioactivity, Volatile and Fatty Acid Profile in Supercritical Fluid Extracts of Mexican arnica. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091528. [PMID: 27626416 PMCID: PMC5037803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a sustainable technique used for the extraction of lipophilic metabolites such as pigments and fatty acids. Arnica plant is considered a potential candidate material with high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, in this study, a locally available Heterotheca inuloides, also known as Mexican arnica, was analyzed for the extraction of high-value compounds. Based on different pressure (P), temperature (T), and co-solvent (CoS), four treatments (T) were prepared. A maximum 7.13% yield was recovered from T2 (T = 60 °C, P = 10 MPa, CoS = 8 g/min), followed by 6.69% from T4 (T = 60 °C, P = 30 MPa, CoS = 4 g/min). Some bioactive sesquiterpenoids such as 7-hydroxycadalene, caryophyllene and δ-cadinene were identified in the extracts by GC/MS. The fatty acid profile revealed that the main components were palmitic acid (C16:0), followed by linoleic acid (C18:2ω6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3ω3) and stearic acid (C18:0) differing in percent yield per treatment. Antibacterial activities were determined by the agar diffusion method, indicating that all the treatments exerted strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus, C. albicans, and E. coli strains. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was also measured by three in vitro assays, DPPH, TEAC and FRAP, using Trolox as a standard. Results showed high antioxidant capacity enabling pharmaceutical applications of Mexican arnica.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saúl García-Pérez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Sara P Cuéllar-Bermúdez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Alejandra Arévalo-Gallegos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - José Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldivar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
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