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Kita K, Gawinowska M, Chełmińska M, Niedoszytko M. The Role of Exhaled Breath Condensate in Chronic Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases of the Respiratory Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7395. [PMID: 39000502 PMCID: PMC11242091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the most common chronic respiratory diseases. Chronic inflammation of the airways leads to an increased production of inflammatory markers by the effector cells of the respiratory tract and lung tissue. These biomarkers allow the assessment of physiological and pathological processes and responses to therapeutic interventions. Lung cancer, which is characterized by high mortality, is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Current screening methods and tissue biopsies have limitations that highlight the need for rapid diagnosis, patient differentiation, and effective management and monitoring. One promising non-invasive diagnostic method for respiratory diseases is the assessment of exhaled breath condensate (EBC). EBC contains a mixture of volatile and non-volatile biomarkers such as cytokines, leukotrienes, oxidative stress markers, and molecular biomarkers, providing significant information about inflammatory and neoplastic states in the lungs. This article summarizes the research on the application and development of EBC assessment in diagnosing and monitoring respiratory diseases, focusing on asthma, COPD, and lung cancer. The process of collecting condensate, potential issues, and selected groups of markers for detailed disease assessment in the future are discussed. Further research may contribute to the development of more precise and personalized diagnostic and treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kita
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marika Gawinowska
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Chełmińska
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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Dong X, Lin Y, Li K, Liang G, Huang X, Pan J, Wang L, Zhang D, Liu T, Wang T, Yan X, Zhang L, Li X, Qu X, Jia D, Li Y, Zhang H. Consensus statement on extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsy for advancing laboratory medicine. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0188. [PMID: 38896030 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse class of nanoscale membrane vesicles actively released by cells. These EVs can be further subdivided into categories like exosomes and microvesicles, based on their origins, sizes, and physical attributes. Significantly, disease-derived EVs have been detected in virtually all types of body fluids, providing a comprehensive molecular profile of their cellular origins. As a result, EVs are emerging as a valuable addition to liquid biopsy techniques. In this collective statement, the authors share their current perspectives on EV-related research and product development, with a shared commitment to translating this newfound knowledge into clinical applications for cancer and other diseases, particularly as disease biomarkers. The consensus within this document revolves around the overarching recognition of the merits, unresolved questions, and existing challenges surrounding EVs. This consensus manuscript is a collaborative effort led by the Committee of Exosomes, Society of Tumor Markers, Chinese anti-Cancer Association, aimed at expediting the cultivation of robust scientific and clinically applicable breakthroughs and propelling the field forward with greater swiftness and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Dong
- 558113 Central Laboratory, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for hematologic disease, Shenzhen University General Hospital , Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Yusheng Lin
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 47885 The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gaofeng Liang
- 74623 School of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science & Technology , Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jingxuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tingjiao Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- 47885 MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Chemical Biology, 534787 MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, China
| | - Long Zhang
- 12377 MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 558113 Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Shenzhen University General Hospital , Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, 159407 The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, China
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, Australia
- St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, and MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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3
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Welsh JA, Goberdhan DCI, O'Driscoll L, Buzas EI, Blenkiron C, Bussolati B, Cai H, Di Vizio D, Driedonks TAP, Erdbrügger U, Falcon‐Perez JM, Fu Q, Hill AF, Lenassi M, Lim SK, Mahoney MG, Mohanty S, Möller A, Nieuwland R, Ochiya T, Sahoo S, Torrecilhas AC, Zheng L, Zijlstra A, Abuelreich S, Bagabas R, Bergese P, Bridges EM, Brucale M, Burger D, Carney RP, Cocucci E, Colombo F, Crescitelli R, Hanser E, Harris AL, Haughey NJ, Hendrix A, Ivanov AR, Jovanovic‐Talisman T, Kruh‐Garcia NA, Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino V, Kyburz D, Lässer C, Lennon KM, Lötvall J, Maddox AL, Martens‐Uzunova ES, Mizenko RR, Newman LA, Ridolfi A, Rohde E, Rojalin T, Rowland A, Saftics A, Sandau US, Saugstad JA, Shekari F, Swift S, Ter‐Ovanesyan D, Tosar JP, Useckaite Z, Valle F, Varga Z, van der Pol E, van Herwijnen MJC, Wauben MHM, Wehman AM, Williams S, Zendrini A, Zimmerman AJ, MISEV Consortium, Théry C, Witwer KW. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12404. [PMID: 38326288 PMCID: PMC10850029 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 203.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of PathologyNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Deborah C. I. Goberdhan
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthUniversity of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Edit I. Buzas
- Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and ImmunobiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HCEMM‐SU Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN‐SU Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tom A. P. Driedonks
- Department CDL ResearchUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- University of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Juan M. Falcon‐Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Qing‐Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Paracrine Therapeutics Pte. Ltd.SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, YLL School of MedicineNational University SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mỹ G. Mahoney
- Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell FacilityAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong S.A.R.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Susmita Sahoo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ana C. Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Campus DiademaDiademaBrazil
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of PathologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- GenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah Abuelreich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Reem Bagabas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
- National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA TechnologyPaduaItaly
| | - Esther M. Bridges
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research CentreOttawa Hopsital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Randy P. Carney
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emanuele Cocucci
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Federico Colombo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Edveena Hanser
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Norman J. Haughey
- Departments of Neurology and PsychiatryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and RepairGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic‐Talisman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole A. Kruh‐Garcia
- Bio‐pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Academic Resource Center (BioMARC)Infectious Disease Research Center, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Vroniqa Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of RheumatologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionInstitute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kathleen M. Lennon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Adam L. Maddox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elena S. Martens‐Uzunova
- Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of UrologyRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rachel R. Mizenko
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lauren A. Newman
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andrea Ridolfi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB AmsterdamVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Rohde
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University HospitalSalzburger Landeskliniken GmbH of Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- GMP Unit, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies, EV‐TTSalzburgAustria
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Expansion Therapeutics, Structural Biology and BiophysicsJupiterFloridaUSA
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ursula S. Sandau
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Julie A. Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Celer DiagnosticsTorontoCanada
| | - Simon Swift
- Waipapa Taumata Rau University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Dmitry Ter‐Ovanesyan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Juan P. Tosar
- Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
- Institut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Zivile Useckaite
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Biological Nanochemistry Research GroupInstitute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. C. van Herwijnen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marca H. M. Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Alan J. Zimmerman
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932PSL UniversityParisFrance
- CurieCoreTech Extracellular Vesicles, Institut CurieParisFrance
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- EV Core Facility “EXCEL”, Institute for Basic Biomedical SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Bajo-Fernández M, Souza-Silva ÉA, Barbas C, Rey-Stolle MF, García A. GC-MS-based metabolomics of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath: applications in health and disease. A review. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 10:1295955. [PMID: 38298553 PMCID: PMC10828970 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1295955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exhaled breath analysis, with particular emphasis on volatile organic compounds, represents a growing area of clinical research due to its obvious advantages over other diagnostic tests. Numerous pathologies have been extensively investigated for the identification of specific biomarkers in exhalates through metabolomics. However, the transference of breath tests to clinics remains limited, mainly due to deficiency in methodological standardization. Critical steps include the selection of breath sample types, collection devices, and enrichment techniques. GC-MS is the reference analytical technique for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhalates, especially during the biomarker discovery phase in metabolomics. This review comprehensively examines and compares metabolomic studies focusing on cancer, lung diseases, and infectious diseases. In addition to delving into the experimental designs reported, it also provides a critical discussion of the methodological aspects, ranging from the experimental design and sample collection to the identification of potential pathology-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bajo-Fernández
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Érica A. Souza-Silva
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
- Departmento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Ma Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Antonia García
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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5
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Khokhar M. Non-invasive detection of renal disease biomarkers through breath analysis. J Breath Res 2024; 18:024001. [PMID: 38099568 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad15fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Breath biomarkers are substances found in exhaled breath that can be used for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of medical conditions, including kidney disease. Detection techniques include mass spectrometry (MS), gas chromatography (GC), and electrochemical sensors. Biosensors, such as GC-MS or electronic nose (e-nose) devices, can be used to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath associated with metabolic changes in the body, including the kidneys. E-nose devices could provide an early indication of potential kidney problems through the detection of VOCs associated with kidney dysfunction. This review discusses the sources of breath biomarkers for monitoring renal disease during dialysis and different biosensor approaches for detecting exhaled breath biomarkers. The future of using various types of biosensor-based real-time breathing diagnosis for renal failure is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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6
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Jiang H, Han TL, Yang J, Yang Y, Wang F, Chen Y, Huang N, Mansell T, Craig JM, Scurrah KJ, Novakovic B, Baker PN, Zhang H, Wei Y, Wang L, Saffery R. Evidence for ethnicity and location as regulators of the newborn blood metabolome: a monozygous twin study. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1259777. [PMID: 38239842 PMCID: PMC10794553 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1259777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monochorionic, diamniotic (MCDA) monozygotic twins share nearly all genetic variation and a common placenta in utero. Despite this, MCDA twins are often discordant for a range of common phenotypes, including early growth and birth weight. As such, MCDA twins represent a unique model to explore variation in early growth attributable primarily to in utero environmental factors. Methods MCDA twins with a range of within-pair birth weight discordance were sampled from the peri/postnatal epigenetic twin study (PETS, Melbourne; n = 26 pairs), Beijing twin study (BTS, Beijing; n = 25), and the Chongqing longitudinal twin study (LoTiS, Chongqing; n = 22). All PETS participants were of European-Australian ancestry, while all Chinese participants had Han ancestry. The average of the birth weight difference between the larger and smaller co-twins for all twin pairs was determined and metabolomic profiles of amino acids, TCA cycle intermediates, fatty acids, organic acids, and their derivatives generated from cord blood plasma by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry. Within and between co-twin pair analyses were performed to identify metabolites specifically associated with discordance in birth weight. Multivariable regression and pathway enrichment analyses between different regions were performed to evaluate the geographical effects on the metabolism of MCDA twin pairs. Results PETS twins showed a markedly different metabolic profile at birth compared to the two Chinese samples. Within-pair analysis revealed an association of glutathione, creatinine, and levulinic acid with birth weight discordance. Caffeine, phenylalanine, and several saturated fatty acid levels were uniquely elevated in PETS twins and were associated with maternal BMI and average within pair birth weight, in addition to birth weight discordance. LoTiS twins had higher levels of glutathione, tyrosine, and gamma-linolenic acid relative to PETS and BTS twins, potentially associated with eating habits. Conclusion This study highlights the potential role of underlying genetic variation (shared by MZ twins), in utero (non-shared by MZ twins) and location-specific (shared by MZ twins) environmental factors, in regulating the cord blood metabolome of uncomplicated MCDA twins. Future research is needed to unravel these complex relationships that may play a key role in phenotypic metabolic alterations of twins independent of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Mass Spectrometry Centre of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Life Science Institution, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengdi Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuelu Chen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nana Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Toby Mansell
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M. Craig
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina J. Scurrah
- Twins Research Australia and Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip N. Baker
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lianlian Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Karthikeyan S, Vazquez-Zapien GJ, Martinez-Cuazitl A, Delgado-Macuil RJ, Rivera-Alatorre DE, Garibay-Gonzalez F, Delgado-Gonzalez J, Valencia-Trujillo D, Guerrero-Ruiz M, Atriano-Colorado C, Lopez-Reyes A, Lopez-Mezquita DJ, Mata-Miranda MM. Two-trace two-dimensional correlation spectra (2T2D-COS) analysis using FTIR spectra to monitor the immune response by COVID-19. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:53-67. [PMID: 37947852 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing trend in using saliva for SARS-CoV-2 detection with reasonable accuracy. We have studied the responses of IgA, IgG, and IgM in human saliva by directly comparing disease with control analyzing two-trace two-dimensional correlation spectra (2T2D-COS) employing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. It explores the molecular-level variation between control and COVID-19 saliva samples. The advantage of 2T2D spectra is that it helps in discriminating remarkably subtle features between two simple pairs of spectra. It gives spectral information from highly overlapped bands associated with different systems. The clinical findings from 2T2D show the decrease of IgG and IgM salivary antibodies in the 50, 60, 65, and 75-years COVID-19 samples. Among the various COVID-19 populations studied the female 30-years group reveals defense mechanisms exhibited by IgM and IgA. Lipids and fatty acids decrease, resulting in lipid oxidation due to the SARS-CoV-2 in the samples studied. Study shows salivary thiocyanate plays defense against SARS-CoV-2 in the male population in 25 and 35 age groups. The receiver operation characteristics statistical method shows a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 94% for the samples studied. The measure of accuracy computed as F score and G score has a high value, supporting our study's validation. Thus, 2T2D-COS analysis can potentially monitor the progression of immunoglobulin's response function to COVID-19 with reasonable accuracy, which could help diagnose clinical trials. KEY MESSAGES: The molecular profile of salivary antibodies is well resolved and identified from 2T2D-COS FTIR spectra. The IgG antibody plays a significant role in the defense mechanism against SARS-CoV-2 in 25-40 years. 2T2D-COS reveals the absence of salivary thiocyanate in the 40-75 years COVID-19 population. The receiver operation characteristic (ROC) analysis validates our study with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumaran Karthikeyan
- Department of Physics, Dr. Ambedkar Government Arts College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600039, India.
| | - Gustavo J Vazquez-Zapien
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicanos, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, 11400, Mexico.
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, 11200, Mexico.
| | - Adriana Martinez-Cuazitl
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, 11200, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, 07320, Mexico
| | - Raul J Delgado-Macuil
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tlaxcala, 90700, Mexico
| | - Daniel E Rivera-Alatorre
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicanos, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, 11400, Mexico
| | - Francisco Garibay-Gonzalez
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, 11200, Mexico
| | - Josemaria Delgado-Gonzalez
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, 11200, Mexico
| | - Daniel Valencia-Trujillo
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Melissa Guerrero-Ruiz
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, 11200, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Atriano-Colorado
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, 11200, Mexico
| | - Alberto Lopez-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Gerociencias, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, 14389, Mexico
| | | | - Monica M Mata-Miranda
- Escuela Militar de Medicina, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, 11200, Mexico.
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8
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Gade IL, Riddersholm SJ, Stilling-Vinther T, Brøndum RF, Bennike TB, Honoré B. A clinical proteomics study of exhaled breath condensate and biomarkers for pulmonary embolism. J Breath Res 2023; 18:016007. [PMID: 37939397 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad0aaa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) can be a diagnostic challenge. Current diagnostic markers for PE are unspecific and new diagnostic tools are needed. The air we exhale is a possible new source for biomarkers which can be tapped into by analysing the exhaled breath condensate (EBC). We analysed the EBC from patients with PE and controls to investigate if the EBC is a useful source for new diagnostic biomarkers of PE. We collected and analysed EBC samples from patients with suspected PE and controls matched on age and sex. Patients in whom PE was ruled out after diagnostic work-up were included in the control group to increase the sensitivity and generalizability of the identified markers. EBC samples were collected using an RTube™. The protein composition of the EBCs were analysed using data dependent label-free quantitative nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. EBC samples from 28 patients with confirmed PE, and 49 controls were analysed. A total of 928 EBC proteins were identified in the 77 EBC samples. As expected, a low protein concentration was determined which resulted in many proteins with unmeasurable levels in several samples. The levels of HSPA5, PEBP1 and SFTPA2 were higher and levels of POF1B, EPPK1, PSMA4, ALDOA, and CFL1 were lower in PE compared with controls. In conclusion, the human EBC contained a variety of endogenous proteins and may be a source for new diagnostic markers of PE and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Lise Gade
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Rasmus Froberg Brøndum
- Center for Clinical Data Science, Aalborg University and Aalborg University Hospital, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Tue Bjerg Bennike
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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9
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Delrue C, De Bruyne S, Speeckaert MM. Unlocking the Diagnostic Potential of Saliva: A Comprehensive Review of Infrared Spectroscopy and Its Applications in Salivary Analysis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:907. [PMID: 37373896 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a noninvasive and rapid analytical technique that provides information on the chemical composition, structure, and conformation of biomolecules in saliva. This technique has been widely used to analyze salivary biomolecules, owing to its label-free advantages. Saliva contains a complex mixture of biomolecules including water, electrolytes, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids which are potential biomarkers for several diseases. IR spectroscopy has shown great promise for the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, infectious diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease, as well as for drug monitoring. Recent advancements in IR spectroscopy, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, have further enhanced its utility in salivary analysis. FTIR spectroscopy enables the collection of a complete IR spectrum of the sample, whereas ATR spectroscopy enables the analysis of samples in their native form, without the need for sample preparation. With the development of standardized protocols for sample collection and analysis and further advancements in IR spectroscopy, the potential for salivary diagnostics using IR spectroscopy is vast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Delrue
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sander De Bruyne
- Department of Clinical Biology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Sharma A, Kumar R, Varadwaj P. Smelling the Disease: Diagnostic Potential of Breath Analysis. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:321-347. [PMID: 36729362 PMCID: PMC9893210 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Breath analysis is a relatively recent field of research with much promise in scientific and clinical studies. Breath contains endogenously produced volatile organic components (VOCs) resulting from metabolites of ingested precursors, gut and air-passage bacteria, environmental contacts, etc. Numerous recent studies have suggested changes in breath composition during the course of many diseases, and breath analysis may lead to the diagnosis of such diseases. Therefore, it is important to identify the disease-specific variations in the concentration of breath to diagnose the diseases. In this review, we explore methods that are used to detect VOCs in laboratory settings, VOC constituents in exhaled air and other body fluids (e.g., sweat, saliva, skin, urine, blood, fecal matter, vaginal secretions, etc.), VOC identification in various diseases, and recently developed electronic (E)-nose-based sensors to detect VOCs. Identifying such VOCs and applying them as disease-specific biomarkers to obtain accurate, reproducible, and fast disease diagnosis could serve as an alternative to traditional invasive diagnosis methods. However, the success of VOC-based identification of diseases is limited to laboratory settings. Large-scale clinical data are warranted for establishing the robustness of disease diagnosis. Also, to identify specific VOCs associated with illness states, extensive clinical trials must be performed using both analytical instruments and electronic noses equipped with stable and precise sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Sharma
- Systems Biology Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Pritish Varadwaj
- Systems Biology Lab, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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11
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Pillai MS, Paritala ST, Shah RP, Sharma N, Sengupta P. Cutting-edge strategies and critical advancements in characterization and quantification of metabolites concerning translational metabolomics. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:401-426. [PMID: 36351878 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2125987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in drug discovery strategies, significant challenges are still remaining in translating new insights into clinical applications. Scientists are devising creative approaches to bridge the gap between scientific and translational research. Metabolomics is a unique field among other omics techniques for identifying novel metabolites and biomarkers. Fortunately, characterization and quantification of metabolites are becoming faster due to the progress in the field of orthogonal analytical techniques. This review detailed the advancement in the progress of sample preparation, and data processing techniques including data mining tools, database, and their quality control (QC). Advances in data processing tools make it easier to acquire unbiased data that includes a diverse set of metabolites. In addition, novel breakthroughs including, miniaturization as well as their integration with other devices, metabolite array technology, and crystalline sponge-based method have led to faster, more efficient, cost-effective, and holistic metabolomic analysis. The use of cutting-edge techniques to identify the human metabolite, including biomarkers has proven to be advantageous in terms of early disease identification, tracking the progression of illness, and possibility of personalized treatments. This review addressed the constraints of current metabolomics research, which are impeding the facilitation of translation of research from bench to bedside. Nevertheless, the possible way out from such constraints and future direction of translational metabolomics has been conferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sajakumar Pillai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sree Teja Paritala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ravi P Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nitish Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
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12
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Janssens E, Schillebeeckx E, Zwijsen K, Raskin J, Van Cleemput J, Surmont VF, Nackaerts K, Marcq E, van Meerbeeck JP, Lamote K. External Validation of a Breath-Based Prediction Model for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133182. [PMID: 35804954 PMCID: PMC9264774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an incurable asbestos-related thoracic cancer for which early-stage diagnosis remains a major challenge. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are metabolites present in exhaled breath, have proven to be promising non-invasive biomarkers for MPM. However, without the necessary validation in an independent group of individuals, clinical implementation is hampered. Therefore, we performed external validation of a VOC-based prediction model for MPM, which initially revealed a poor performance and thus poor generalisability of the model. However, subsequent updating of the model improved its performance in the validation cohort, resulting in a more generalisable model with a screening potential, which could significantly impact MPM management. Abstract During the past decade, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath have emerged as promising biomarkers for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). However, as these biomarkers lack external validation, no breath test for MPM has been implemented in clinical practice. To address this issue, we performed the first external validation of a VOC-based prediction model for MPM. The external validation cohort was prospectively recruited, consisting of 47 MPM patients and 76 asbestos-exposed (AEx) controls. The predictive performance of the previously developed model was assessed by determining the degree of agreement between the predicted and actual outcome of the participants (patient/control). Additionally, to optimise the performance, the model was updated by refitting it to the validation cohort. External validation revealed a poor performance of the original model as the accuracy was estimated at only 41%, indicating poor generalisability. However, subsequent updating of the model improved the differentiation between MPM patients and AEx controls significantly (73% accuracy, 92% sensitivity, and 92% negative predictive value), substantiating the validity of the original predictors. This updated model will be more generalisable to the target population and exhibits key characteristics of a potential screening test for MPM, which could significantly impact MPM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Janssens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Infla-Med Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.J.); (E.S.); (K.Z.); (J.P.v.M.)
| | - Eline Schillebeeckx
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Infla-Med Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.J.); (E.S.); (K.Z.); (J.P.v.M.)
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Zwijsen
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Infla-Med Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.J.); (E.S.); (K.Z.); (J.P.v.M.)
| | - Jo Raskin
- Department of Pulmonology & Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Joris Van Cleemput
- Occupational Health Service, Eternit N.V., 1880 Kapelle-op-den-Bos, Belgium;
| | - Veerle F. Surmont
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Kristiaan Nackaerts
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Elly Marcq
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Jan P. van Meerbeeck
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Infla-Med Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.J.); (E.S.); (K.Z.); (J.P.v.M.)
- Department of Pulmonology & Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Lamote
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Infla-Med Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.J.); (E.S.); (K.Z.); (J.P.v.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-3-265-25-81
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13
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Jakšić M, Mihajlović A, Vujić D, Giannoukos S, Brkić B. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry method for food intake impact assessment on specific volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6077-6091. [PMID: 35727330 PMCID: PMC9314300 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This research work describes the development of a novel bioanalytical method for the assessment of food impact on selected exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a fast and portable screening VOC prototype sensor based on membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS). Method and sensor prototype functionality was verified by obtaining good response times, linearity in the examined concentration ranges, and sensitivity and repeatability for several breath VOCs—acetone, ethanol, n-pentane, and isoprene. A new VOC sensor prototype was also proven to be sensitive enough for selected breath VOC quantification with limits of detection at low part per billion (ppb) levels—5 ppb for n-pentane, 10 ppb for acetone and ethanol, and 25 ppb for isoprene. Food impact assessment was accomplished by tracking the levels of acetone, ethanol, n-pentane, and isoprene in exhaled breath samples collected from 50 healthy participants before the meal and 60 min and 120 min after the meal. For acetone, isoprene, and n-pentane, a larger impact was noticed 120 min after the meal, while for ethanol, it was after 60 min. Obtained VOC levels were in the expected concentration ranges. Mean values at all time points were ~ 500–900 ppb for acetone and ~ 400–600 ppb for ethanol. Most of the results for n-pentane were below 5 ppb, but the mean value for those which were detected was ~ 30 ppb. Along with samples, data about participants’ lifestyle were collected via a short questionnaire, which were compared against obtained VOC levels in order to reveal some significant correlations between habits of participants and their breath VOC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Jakšić
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjića 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Andrea Mihajlović
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjića 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Djordje Vujić
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjića 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Stamatios Giannoukos
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, HCI D 317, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris Brkić
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjića 1, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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14
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Patel A, Patel S, Patel P, Tanavde V. Saliva Based Liquid Biopsies in Head and Neck Cancer: How Far Are We From the Clinic? Front Oncol 2022; 12:828434. [PMID: 35387114 PMCID: PMC8977527 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) remains to be a major cause of mortality worldwide because of confounding factors such as late-stage tumor diagnosis, loco-regional aggressiveness and distant metastasis. The current standardized diagnostic regime for HNC is tissue biopsy which fails to determine the thorough tumor dynamics. Therefore, due to the ease of collection, recent studies have focused on the utility of saliva based liquid biopsy approach for serial sampling, early diagnosis, prognosis, longitudinal monitoring of disease progression and treatment response in HNC patients. Saliva collection is convenient, non-invasive, and pain-free and offers repetitive sampling along with real time monitoring of the disease. Moreover, the detection, isolation and analysis of tumor-derived components such as Circulating Tumor Nucleic Acids (CTNAs), Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and metabolites from saliva can be used for genomic and proteomic examination of HNC patients. Although, these circulatory biomarkers have a wide range of applications in clinical settings, no validated data has yet been established for their usage in clinical practice for HNC. Improvements in isolation and detection technologies and next-generation sequencing analysis have resolved many technological hurdles, allowing a wide range of saliva based liquid biopsy application in clinical backgrounds. Thus, in this review, we discussed the rationality of saliva as plausible biofluid and clinical sample for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics of HNC. We have described the molecular components of saliva that could mirror the disease status, recent outcomes of salivaomics associated with HNC and current technologies which have the potential to improve the clinical value of saliva in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Patel
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Shanaya Patel
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Parina Patel
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vivek Tanavde
- Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India.,Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
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15
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Ljungkvist G, Tinnerberg H, Löndahl J, Klang T, Viklund E, Kim JL, Schiöler L, Forsgard N, Olin AC. Exploring a new method for the assessment of metal exposure by analysis of exhaled breath of welders. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1255-1265. [PMID: 35066624 PMCID: PMC9273541 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Air monitoring has been the accepted exposure assessment of toxic metals from, e.g., welding, but a method characterizing the actual dose delivered to the lungs would be preferable. Sampling of particles in exhaled breath can be used for the biomonitoring of both endogenous biomarkers and markers of exposure. We have explored a new method for the sampling of metals in exhaled breath from the small airways in a study on welders. Methods Our method for particle sampling, Particles in Exhaled Air (PExA®), is based on particle counting and inertial impaction. We applied it on 19 stainless steel welders before and after a workday. In parallel, air monitoring of chromium, manganese and nickel was performed as well as blood sampling after work. Results Despite substantial exposure to welding fumes, we were unable to show any significant change in the metal content of exhaled particles after, compared with before, exposure. However, the significance might be obscured by a substantial analytical background noise, due to metal background in the sampling media and possible contamination during sampling, as an increase in the median metal contents were indicated. Conclusions If efforts to reduce background and contamination are successful, the PExA® method could be an important tool in the investigations of metals in exhaled breath, as the method collects particles from the small airways in contrast to other methods. In this paper, we discuss the discrepancy between our findings and results from studies, using the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Ljungkvist
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Håkan Tinnerberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jakob Löndahl
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Therese Klang
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emilia Viklund
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeong-Lim Kim
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linus Schiöler
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anna-Carin Olin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Tran NK, Albahra S, Rashidi H, May L. Innovations in infectious disease testing: Leveraging COVID-19 pandemic technologies for the future. Clin Biochem 2022; 117:10-15. [PMID: 34998789 PMCID: PMC8735816 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Innovations in infectious disease testing have improved our abilities to detect and understand the microbial world. The 2019 novel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) pandemic introduced new innovations including non-prescription “over the counter” infectious disease tests, mass spectrometry-based detection of COVID-19 host response, and the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to identify individuals infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus – 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the world recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic; these innovative solutions will give rise to a new era of infectious disease tests extending beyond the detection of SARS-CoV-2. To this end, the purpose of this review is to summarize current trends in infectious disease testing and discuss innovative applications specifically in the areas of POC testing, MS, molecular diagnostics, sample types, and AI/ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam K Tran
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Samer Albahra
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, United States
| | - Hooman Rashidi
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, United States
| | - Larissa May
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, United States
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17
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Zanetti F, Zivkovic Semren T, Battey JND, Guy PA, Ivanov NV, van der Plas A, Hoeng J. A Literature Review and Framework Proposal for Halitosis Assessment in Cigarette Smokers and Alternative Nicotine-Delivery Products Users. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2021; 2:777442. [PMID: 35048075 PMCID: PMC8757736 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.777442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Halitosis is a health condition which counts cigarette smoking (CS) among its major risk factors. Cigarette smoke can cause an imbalance in the oral bacterial community, leading to several oral diseases and conditions, including intraoral halitosis. Although the best approach to decrease smoking-related health risks is quitting smoking, this is not feasible for many smokers. Switching to potentially reduced-risk products, like electronic vapor products (EVP) or heated tobacco products (HTP), may help improve the conditions associated with CS. To date, there have been few systematic studies on the effects of CS on halitosis and none have assessed the effects of EVP and HTP use. Self-assessment studies have shown large limitations owing to the lack of reliability in the participants' judgment. This has compelled the scientific community to develop a strategy for meaningful assessment of these new products in comparison with cigarettes. Here, we compiled a review of the existing literature on CS and halitosis and propose a 3-layer approach that combines the use of the most advanced breath analysis techniques and multi-omics analysis to define the interactions between oral bacterial species and their role in halitosis both in vitro and in vivo. Such an approach will allow us to compare the effects of different nicotine-delivery products on oral bacteria and quantify their impact on halitosis. Defining the impact of alternative nicotine-delivery products on intraoral halitosis and its associated bacteria will help the scientific community advance a step further toward understanding the safety of these products and their potentiall risks for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Zanetti
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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18
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Gade IL, Schultz JG, Brøndum RF, Kjærgaard B, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Andersen A, Kristensen SR, Honoré B. Putative Biomarkers for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Exhaled Breath Condensate. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5165. [PMID: 34768685 PMCID: PMC8584843 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current diagnostic markers for pulmonary embolism (PE) are unspecific. We investigated the proteome of the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in a porcine model of acute PE in order to identify putative diagnostic markers for PE. EBC was collected at baseline and after the induction of autologous intermediate-risk PE in 14 pigs, plus four negative control pigs. The protein profiles of the EBC were analyzed using label-free quantitative nano liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 897 proteins were identified in the EBCs from the pigs. Alterations were found in the levels of 145 different proteins after PE compared with the baseline and negative controls: albumin was among the most upregulated proteins, with 14-fold higher levels 2.5 h after PE (p-value: 0.02). The levels of 49 other proteins were between 1.3- and 17.1-fold higher after PE. The levels of 95 proteins were lower after PE. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (fold change 0.3, p-value < 0.01) was among the most reduced proteins 2.5 h after PE. A prediction model based on penalized regression identified five proteins including albumin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. The model was capable of discriminating baseline samples from EBC samples collected 2.5 h after PE correctly in 22 out of 27 samples. In conclusion, the EBC from pigs with acute PE contained several putative diagnostic markers of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Lise Gade
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (S.R.K.); (B.H.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jacob Gammelgaard Schultz
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (J.G.S.); (J.E.N.-K.); (A.A.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Froberg Brøndum
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (S.R.K.); (B.H.)
| | - Benedict Kjærgaard
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
| | - Jens Erik Nielsen-Kudsk
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (J.G.S.); (J.E.N.-K.); (A.A.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Asger Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (J.G.S.); (J.E.N.-K.); (A.A.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Risom Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (S.R.K.); (B.H.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark; (S.R.K.); (B.H.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Pham YL, Beauchamp J. Breath Biomarkers in Diagnostic Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185514. [PMID: 34576985 PMCID: PMC8468811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of chemical compounds in exhaled human breath presents an opportunity to determine physiological state, diagnose disease or assess environmental exposure. Recent advancements in metabolomics research have led to improved capabilities to explore human metabolic profiles in breath. Despite some notable challenges in sampling and analysis, exhaled breath represents a desirable medium for metabolomics applications, foremost due to its non-invasive, convenient and practically limitless availability. Several breath-based tests that target either endogenous or exogenous gas-phase compounds are currently established and are in practical and/or clinical use. This review outlines the concept of breath analysis in the context of these unique tests and their applications. The respective breath biomarkers targeted in each test are discussed in relation to their physiological production in the human body and the development and implementation of the associated tests. The paper concludes with a brief insight into prospective tests and an outlook of the future direction of breath research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lan Pham
- Department of Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Aroma and Smell Research, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Beauchamp
- Department of Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Liu G. Grand Challenges in Biosensors and Biomolecular Electronics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:707615. [PMID: 34422782 PMCID: PMC8377753 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.707615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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21
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Moehring MJ, Harrington PDB. Analysis of Wine and Its Use in Tracing the Origin of Grape Cultivation. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1901-1912. [PMID: 34061694 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1925082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of elemental and volatile components in wine and the effect of biological, meteorological, and anthropogenic factors on their levels are important for authentication and quality assurance. Sample preparation for atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma spectrometries for elemental analysis as well as chromatographic and electronic nose (EN) analytical methods for volatile compounds are reviewed. The International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) and countries that produce and import wine developed methods and set limits on metal abundance to ensure that all metal concentrations are well below toxic threshold limits. With the use of data analysis tools, elemental analysis can enable wines to be traced back to their geographic region of origin. When paired with volatile and isotopic analysis the accuracy of this authentication greatly improves. Tracing studies are reviewed to demonstrate the capabilities of these analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Moehring
- Departmentof Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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22
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Beale DJ, Shah R, Karpe AV, Hillyer KE, McAuley AJ, Au GG, Marsh GA, Vasan SS. Metabolic Profiling from an Asymptomatic Ferret Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Metabolites 2021; 11:327. [PMID: 34069591 PMCID: PMC8160988 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a contagious respiratory disease that is causing significant global morbidity and mortality. Understanding the impact of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the host metabolism is still in its infancy but of great importance. Herein, we investigated the metabolic response during viral shedding and post-shedding in an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 ferret model (n = 6) challenged with two SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Virological and metabolic analyses were performed on (minimally invasive) collected oral swabs, rectal swabs, and nasal washes. Fragments of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were only found in the nasal wash samples in four of the six ferrets, and in the samples collected 3 to 9 days post-infection (referred to as viral shedding). Central carbon metabolism metabolites were analyzed during viral shedding and post-shedding periods using a dynamic Multiple Reaction Monitoring (dMRM) database and method. Subsequent untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics of the same samples were performed using a Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) methodology, building upon the identified differentiated central carbon metabolism metabolites. Multivariate analysis of the acquired data identified 29 significant metabolites and three lipids that were subjected to pathway enrichment and impact analysis. The presence of viral shedding coincided with the challenge dose administered and significant changes in the citric acid cycle, purine metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathways, amongst others, in the host nasal wash samples. An elevated immune response in the host was also observed between the two isolates studied. These results support other metabolomic-based findings in clinical observational studies and indicate the utility of metabolomics applied to ferrets for further COVID-19 research that advances early diagnosis of asymptomatic and mild clinical COVID-19 infections, in addition to assessing the effectiveness of new or repurposed drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Beale
- Land & Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia or (R.S.); (A.V.K.); (K.E.H.)
| | - Rohan Shah
- Land & Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia or (R.S.); (A.V.K.); (K.E.H.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Avinash V. Karpe
- Land & Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia or (R.S.); (A.V.K.); (K.E.H.)
| | - Katie E. Hillyer
- Land & Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia or (R.S.); (A.V.K.); (K.E.H.)
| | - Alexander J. McAuley
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (A.J.M.); (G.G.A.); (G.A.M.); (S.S.V.)
| | - Gough G. Au
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (A.J.M.); (G.G.A.); (G.A.M.); (S.S.V.)
| | - Glenn A. Marsh
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (A.J.M.); (G.G.A.); (G.A.M.); (S.S.V.)
| | - Seshadri S. Vasan
- Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (A.J.M.); (G.G.A.); (G.A.M.); (S.S.V.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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23
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Mohamed N, van de Goor R, El-Sheikh M, Elrayah O, Osman T, Nginamau ES, Johannessen AC, Suleiman A, Costea DE, Kross KW. Feasibility of a Portable Electronic Nose for Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Sudan. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050534. [PMID: 34063592 PMCID: PMC8147635 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing at an alarming rate particularly in low-income countries. This urges for research into noninvasive, user-friendly diagnostic tools that can be used in limited-resource settings. This study aims to test and validate the feasibility of e-nose technology for detecting OSCC in the limited-resource settings of the Sudanese population. METHODS Two e-nose devices (Aeonose™, eNose Company, Zutphen, The Netherlands) were used to collect breath samples from OSCC (n = 49) and control (n = 35) patients. Patients were divided into a training group for building an artificial neural network (ANN) model and a blinded control group for model validation. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for the analysis of baseline characteristics and regression. Aethena proprietary software was used for data analysis using artificial neural networks based on patterns of volatile organic compounds. RESULTS A diagnostic accuracy of 81% was observed, with 88% sensitivity and 71% specificity. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that e-nose is an efficient tool for OSCC detection in limited-resource settings, where it offers a valuable cost-effective strategy to tackle the burden posed by OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Mohamed
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO) and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (N.M.); (T.O.); (E.S.N.); (A.C.J.)
- Center for International Health (CIH), University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Basic Sciences, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, 11111 Khartoum, Sudan; (M.E.-S.); (O.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Rens van de Goor
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Bernhoven Hospital, P.O. Box 707, 5400 AS Uden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariam El-Sheikh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Basic Sciences, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, 11111 Khartoum, Sudan; (M.E.-S.); (O.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Osman Elrayah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Basic Sciences, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, 11111 Khartoum, Sudan; (M.E.-S.); (O.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Tarig Osman
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO) and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (N.M.); (T.O.); (E.S.N.); (A.C.J.)
| | - Elisabeth Sivy Nginamau
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO) and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (N.M.); (T.O.); (E.S.N.); (A.C.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Christine Johannessen
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO) and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (N.M.); (T.O.); (E.S.N.); (A.C.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ahmed Suleiman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Basic Sciences, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, 11111 Khartoum, Sudan; (M.E.-S.); (O.E.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela Elena Costea
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO) and Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (N.M.); (T.O.); (E.S.N.); (A.C.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: (D.E.C.); (K.W.K); Tel.: +47-5597-2565 (D.E.C.); +33-7-68-19-05-57 (K.W.K.)
| | - Kenneth W. Kross
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Policlinique Saint Odilon, 32 Rue Professeur Etienne Sorrel, 03000 Moulins, France
- Correspondence: (D.E.C.); (K.W.K); Tel.: +47-5597-2565 (D.E.C.); +33-7-68-19-05-57 (K.W.K.)
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24
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Ivan I, Ivan I, Stella MM, Stella MM, Tandarto K, Tandarto K, Budiman F, Budiman F, Joprang FS, Joprang FS. Plasmodium falciparum Breath Metabolomics (Breathomics) Analysis as a Non-Invasive Practical Method to Diagnose Malaria in Pediatric. INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v9i1.24069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Children under 5 years of age are particularly vulnerable to malaria. Malaria has caused 445,000 deaths worldwide. Currently, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the fastest method to diagnose malaria. However, there are limitations that exist such as low sensitivity in detecting infections with low parasitemia. Practical, non-invasive and high ability tests to detect parasite are needed to find specific biomarkers for P. falciparum infection to determine the potential of P. falciparum 4 thioether in breathomics analysis by GC-MS as a practical non-invasive method in diagnosing malaria in pediatrics. Literature reviews from Google Scholar and ProQuest were published no later than the last 5 years. The concept of breathomics is that the breath’s volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile is altered when the health condition changes. Breath samples from individuals infected with P. falciparum malaria were taken by exhalation. Through GC-MS analysis, it was found that 4 thioether compounds (allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), 1-methylthio-propane, (Z) -1-methylthio-1-propene and (E) -1-methylthio-1-propene) underwent a significant change in concentration during the infection. Based on experiments conducted on mice and humans, the breathomics method is known to be able to detect parasitemia levels up to <100 parasites/µL, has a sensitivity level of about 71% to 91% and a specificity of about 75% to 94%. The discovery of 4 thioether compounds by GC-MS is a strong indication of malaria, because it has the potential for high sensitivity and specificity, and the detection power exceeds the ability of RDTs.
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25
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Sinclair E, Walton-Doyle C, Sarkar D, Hollywood KA, Milne J, Lim SH, Kunath T, Rijs AM, de Bie RMA, Silverdale M, Trivedi DK, Barran P. Validating Differential Volatilome Profiles in Parkinson's Disease. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:300-306. [PMID: 33655068 PMCID: PMC7908024 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that does not currently have a robust clinical diagnostic test. Nonmotor symptoms such as skin disorders have long since been associated with the disease, and more recently a characteristic odor emanating from the skin of people with Parkinson's has been identified. Here, dynamic head space (DHS) thermal desorption (TD) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is implemented to directly measure the volatile components of sebum on swabs sampled from people with Parkinson's-both drug naïve and those on PD medications (n = 100) and control subjects (n = 29). Supervised multivariate analyses of data showed 84.4% correct classification of PD cases using all detected volatile compounds. Variable importance in projection (VIP) scores were generated from these data, which revealed eight features with VIP > 1 and p < 0.05 which all presented a downregulation within the control cohorts. Purified standards based on previously annotated analytes of interest eicosane and octadecanal did not match to patient sample data, although multiple metabolite features are annotated with these compounds all with high spectral matches indicating the presence of a series of similar structured species. DHS-TD-GC-MS analysis of a range of lipid standards has revealed the presence of common hydrocarbon species rather than differentiated intact compounds which are hypothesized to be breakdown products of lipids. This replication study validates that a differential volatile profile between control and PD cohorts can be measured using an analytical method that measures volatile compounds directly from skin swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Sinclair
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin Walton-Doyle
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Depanjan Sarkar
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A. Hollywood
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Manchester
Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals (SYNBIOCHEM),
Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Milne
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sze Hway Lim
- Department
of Neurology, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic
Health Science Centre, The University of
Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Tilo Kunath
- Institute
for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Anouk M. Rijs
- Division
of BioAnalytical Chemistry, AIMMS Amsterdam Institute of Molecular
and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M. A. de Bie
- Department
of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam
University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105
AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monty Silverdale
- Department
of Neurology, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic
Health Science Centre, The University of
Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Drupad K. Trivedi
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Perdita Barran
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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26
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Li X, Wang M, Chen J, Lin F, Wang W. Nucleic acid detection and quantitative analysis of influenza virus using exhaled breath condensate. J Breath Res 2021; 15:026001. [PMID: 33432930 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/abd14c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is increasingly being used as a non-invasive method for disease diagnosis and environmental exposure assessment. We previously detected the nucleic acids of bacterial pathogens in EBC. Influenza viruses can be transmitted through aerosols during coughing and exhaling. Existing detection methods for influenza have various limitations. The EBC collection method is convenient, non-invasive, and reduces the risk of exposure. We investigated the detection of influenza virus in EBC using a sensitive nucleic acid testing method and performed quantitative analysis to evaluate the present and content of influenza virus in the breath. We evaluated 30 patients with respiratory tract infection during the 2019 influenza season. The clinical data and samples of nasal swabs were collected for rapid influenza diagnostic (antigen) tests. Pharyngeal swab and EBC samples were used for influenza virus nucleic acid detection. Each EBC sample was assessed twice as well as at one-month follow-up of the patients. The nucleic acid test in the EBC of 30 cases revealed 20 and two cases of influenza A and B, respectively, giving a detection rate of 73.3%. The rapid influenza diagnostic (antigen) tests revealed four and 12 cases of influenza A and B, respectively, with a detection rate of 53.3%. All pharyngeal swab samples evaluated by the nucleic acid test were influenza-positive; 12 cases were positive for both influenza A and B and 18 cases were positive for influenza B alone. The influenza viral load in the EBC was 103-107 copies ml-1. Among the 16 patients followed-up after 1 month, 4 were positive (25%) in EBC samples and 10 were positive (62.5%) in pharyngeal swab samples. It was preliminary exploration that influenza virus could be detected in EBC. EBC is one of the sample types that would be used for molecular diagnosis of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Introduction: Saliva is an ideal biofluid that can be collected in a noninvasive manner, enabling safe and frequent screening of various diseases. Recent studies have revealed that salivary metabolomics analysis has the potential to detect both oral and systemic cancers. Area covered: We reviewed the technical aspects, as well as applications, of salivary metabolomics for cancer detection. The topics include the effects of preconditioning and the method of sample collection, sample storage, processing, measurement, data analysis, and validation of the results. We also examined the rational relationship between salivary biomarkers and tumors distant from the oral cavity. A strategy to establish standard operating protocols for obtaining reproducible quantification data is also discussed Expert opinion: Salivary metabolomics reflects oral and systematic health status, which potently enables cancer detection. The sensitivity and specificity of each marker and their combinations have been well evaluated, but a validation study is required. Further, the standard operating protocol for each procedure should be established to obtain reproducible data before clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Centre for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical University , Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University , Yamagata, Japan
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Poldy J. Volatile Cues Influence Host-Choice in Arthropod Pests. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1984. [PMID: 33126768 PMCID: PMC7692281 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many arthropod pests of humans and other animals select their preferred hosts by recognising volatile odour compounds contained in the hosts' 'volatilome'. Although there is prolific literature on chemical emissions from humans, published data on volatiles and vector attraction in other species are more sporadic. Despite several decades since the identification of a small number of critical volatiles underpinning specific host-vector relationships, synthetic chemicals or mixtures still largely fail to reproduce the attractiveness of natural hosts to their disease vectors. This review documents allelochemicals from non-human terrestrial animals and considers where challenges in collection and analysis have left shortfalls in animal volatilome research. A total of 1287 volatile organic compounds were identified from 141 species. Despite comparable diversity of entities in each compound class, no specific chemical is ubiquitous in all species reviewed, and over half are reported as unique to a single species. This review provides a rationale for future enquiries by highlighting research gaps, such as disregard for the contribution of breath volatiles to the whole animal volatilome and evaluating the role of allomones as vector deterrents. New opportunities to improve vector surveillance and disrupt disease transmission may be unveiled by understanding the host-associated stimuli that drive vector-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Poldy
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health & Biosecurity, Black Mountain Laboratory, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Dospinescu VM, Tiele A, Covington JA. Sniffing Out Urinary Tract Infection-Diagnosis Based on Volatile Organic Compounds and Smell Profile. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E83. [PMID: 32717983 PMCID: PMC7460005 DOI: 10.3390/bios10080083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Current available methods for the clinical diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) rely on a urine dipstick test or culturing of pathogens. The dipstick test is rapid (available in 1-2 min), but has a low positive predictive value, while culturing is time-consuming and delays diagnosis (24-72 h between sample collection and pathogen identification). Due to this delay, broad-spectrum antibiotics are often prescribed immediately. The over-prescription of antibiotics should be limited, in order to prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance. As a result, there is a growing need for alternative diagnostic tools. This paper reviews applications of chemical-analysis instruments, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and electronic noses (eNoses) used for the diagnosis of UTI. These methods analyse volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that emanate from the headspace of collected urine samples to identify the bacterial pathogen and even determine the causative agent's resistance to different antibiotics. There is great potential for these technologies to gain wide-spread and routine use in clinical settings, since the analysis can be automated, and test results can be available within minutes after sample collection. This could significantly reduce the necessity to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics and allow the faster and more effective use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Tiele
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
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Peel AM, Wilkinson M, Sinha A, Loke YK, Fowler SJ, Wilson AM. Volatile organic compounds associated with diagnosis and disease characteristics in asthma - A systematic review. Respir Med 2020; 169:105984. [PMID: 32510334 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics refers to study of the metabolome, the entire set of metabolites produced by a biological system. The application of metabolomics to exhaled breath samples - breathomics - is a rapidly growing field with potential application to asthma diagnosis and management. OBJECTIVES We aimed to review the adult asthma breathomic literature and present a comprehensive list of volatile organic compounds identified by asthma breathomic models. METHODS We undertook a systematic search for literature on exhaled volatile organic compounds in adult asthma. We assessed the quality of studies and performed a qualitative synthesis. RESULTS We identified twenty studies; these were methodologically heterogenous with a variable risk of bias. Studies almost universally reported breathomics to be capable of differentiating - with moderate or greater accuracy - between samples from healthy controls and those with asthma; and to be capable of phenotyping disease. However, there was little concordance in the compounds upon which discriminatory models were based. CONCLUSION Results to-date are promising but validation in independent prospective cohorts is needed. This may be challenging given the high levels of inter-individual variation. However, large-scale, multi-centre studies are underway and validation efforts have been aided by the publication of technical standards likely to increase inter-study comparability. Successful validation of breathomic models for diagnosis and phenotyping would constitute an important step towards personalised medicine in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Peel
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Maxim Wilkinson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ashnish Sinha
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Yoon K Loke
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Stephen J Fowler
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew M Wilson
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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Martina E, Campanati A, Diotallevi F, Offidani A. Saliva and Oral Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E466. [PMID: 32046271 PMCID: PMC7074457 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a fascinating biological fluid which has all the features of a perfect diagnostic tool. In fact, its collection is rapid, simple, and noninvasive. Thanks to several transport mechanisms and its intimate contact with crevicular fluid, saliva contains hundreds of proteins deriving from plasma. Advances in analytical techniques have opened a new era-called "salivaomics"-that investigates the salivary proteome, transcriptome, microRNAs, metabolome, and microbiome. In recent years, researchers have tried to find salivary biomarkers for oral and systemic diseases with various protocols and technologies. The review aspires to provide an overall perspective of salivary biomarkers concerning oral diseases such as lichen planus, oral cancer, blistering diseases, and psoriasis. Saliva has proved to be a promising substrate for the early detection of oral diseases and the evaluation of therapeutic response. However, the wide variation in sampling, processing, and measuring of salivary elements still represents a limit for the application in clinical practice.
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Gardner A, Carpenter G, So PW. Salivary Metabolomics: From Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery to Investigating Biological Function. Metabolites 2020; 10:E47. [PMID: 31991929 PMCID: PMC7073850 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomic profiling of biofluids, e.g., urine, plasma, has generated vast and ever-increasing amounts of knowledge over the last few decades. Paradoxically, metabolomic analysis of saliva, the most readily-available human biofluid, has lagged. This review explores the history of saliva-based metabolomics and summarizes current knowledge of salivary metabolomics. Current applications of salivary metabolomics have largely focused on diagnostic biomarker discovery and the diagnostic value of the current literature base is explored. There is also a small, albeit promising, literature base concerning the use of salivary metabolomics in monitoring athletic performance. Functional roles of salivary metabolites remain largely unexplored. Areas of emerging knowledge include the role of oral host-microbiome interactions in shaping the salivary metabolite profile and the potential roles of salivary metabolites in oral physiology, e.g., in taste perception. Discussion of future research directions describes the need to begin acquiring a greater knowledge of the function of salivary metabolites, a current research direction in the field of the gut metabolome. The role of saliva as an easily obtainable, information-rich fluid that could complement other gastrointestinal fluids in the exploration of the gut metabolome is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gardner
- Salivary Research, Centre for Host–Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Hospital and School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HR, UK
| | - Guy Carpenter
- Salivary Research, Centre for Host–Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Po-Wah So
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London SE5 9RT, UK
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Kabir E, Raza N, Kumar V, Singh J, Tsang YF, Lim DK, Szulejko JE, Kim KH. Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Human Breath Analytical Technology for Clinical Diagnosis and the Way Forward. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Exploring the Ability of Electronic Nose Technology to Recognize Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) by Non-Invasive Breath Screening of Exhaled Volatile Compounds (VOC): A Pilot Study from the European IPF Registry (eurIPFreg) and Biobank. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101698. [PMID: 31623141 PMCID: PMC6832325 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is an increasing interest in employing electronic nose technology in the diagnosis and monitoring of lung diseases. Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are challenging in regard to setting an accurate diagnosis in a timely manner. Thus, there is a high unmet need in non-invasive diagnostic tests. This single-center explorative study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of electronic nose (Aeonose®) in the diagnosis of ILDs. Methods: Exhaled volatile organic compound (VOC) signatures were obtained by Aeonose® in 174 ILD patients, 23 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 33 healthy controls (HC). Results: By dichotomous comparison of VOC’s between ILD, COPD, and HC, a discriminating algorithm was established. In addition, direct analyses between the ILD subgroups, e.g., cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP, n = 28), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, n = 51), and connective tissue disease-associated ILD (CTD-ILD, n = 25) were performed. Area under the Curve (AUC) and Matthews’s correlation coefficient (MCC) were used to interpret the data. In direct comparison of the different ILD subgroups to HC, the algorithms developed on the basis of the Aeonose® signatures allowed safe separation between IPF vs. HC (AUC of 0.95, MCC of 0.73), COP vs. HC (AUC 0.89, MCC 0.67), and CTD-ILD vs. HC (AUC 0.90, MCC 0.69). Additionally, to a case-control study design, the breath patterns of ILD subgroups were compared to each other. Following this approach, the sensitivity and specificity showed a relevant drop, which results in a poorer performance of the algorithm to separate the different ILD subgroups (IPF vs. COP with MCC 0.49, IPF vs. CTD-ILD with MCC 0.55, and COP vs. CT-ILD with MCC 0.40). Conclusions: The Aeonose® showed some potential in separating ILD subgroups from HC. Unfortunately, when applying the algorithm to distinguish ILD subgroups from each other, the device showed low specificity. We suggest that artificial intelligence or principle compound analysis-based studies of a much broader data set of patients with ILDs may be much better suited to train these devices.
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Azim A, Barber C, Dennison P, Riley J, Howarth P. Exhaled volatile organic compounds in adult asthma: a systematic review. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.00056-2019. [PMID: 31273044 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00056-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The search for biomarkers that can guide precision medicine in asthma, particularly those that can be translated to the clinic, has seen recent interest in exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Given the number of studies reporting "breathomics" findings and its growing integration in clinical trials, we performed a systematic review of the literature to summarise current evidence and understanding of breathomics technology in asthma.A PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses)-oriented systematic search was performed (CRD42017084145) of MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane databases to search for any reports that assessed exhaled VOCs in adult asthma patients, using the following terms (asthma AND (volatile organic compounds AND exhaled) OR breathomics).Two authors independently determined the eligibility of 2957 unique records, of which 66 underwent full-text review. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment was performed on the 22 studies deemed to fulfil the search criteria. The studies are described in terms of methodology and the evidence narratively summarised under the following clinical headings: diagnostics, phenotyping, treatment stratification, treatment monitoring and exacerbation prediction/assessment.Our review found that most studies were designed to assess diagnostic potential rather than focus on underlying biology or treatable traits. Results are generally limited by a lack of methodological standardisation and external validation and by insufficiently powered studies, but there is consistency across the literature that exhaled VOCs are sensitive to underlying inflammation. Modern studies are applying robust breath analysis workflows to large multi-centre study designs, which should unlock the full potential of measurement of exhaled volatile organic compounds in airways diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Azim
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK .,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Clair Barber
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Paddy Dennison
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - John Riley
- Galaxy Asthma, GSK, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Peter Howarth
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Hybrid Analytical Platform Based on Field-Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Infrared Sensing, and Luminescence-Based Oxygen Sensing for Exhaled Breath Analysis. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19122653. [PMID: 31212768 PMCID: PMC6630267 DOI: 10.3390/s19122653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The reliable online analysis of volatile compounds in exhaled breath remains a challenge, as a plethora of molecules occur in different concentration ranges (i.e., ppt to %) and need to be detected against an extremely complex background matrix. Although this complexity is commonly addressed by hyphenating a specific analytical technique with appropriate preconcentration and/or preseparation strategies prior to detection, we herein propose the combination of three different detector types based on truly orthogonal measurement principles as an alternative solution: Field-asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy-based sensors utilizing substrate-integrated hollow waveguides (iHWG), and luminescence sensing (LS). By carefully aligning the experimental needs and measurement protocols of all three methods, they were successfully integrated into a single compact analytical platform suitable for online measurements. The analytical performance of this prototype system was tested via artificial breath samples containing nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and acetone as a model volatile organic compound (VOC) commonly present in breath. All three target analytes could be detected within their respectively breath-relevant concentration range, i.e., CO2 and O2 at 3-5 % and at ~19.6 %, respectively, while acetone could be detected with LOQs as low as 165-405 ppt. Orthogonality of the three methods operating in concert was clearly proven, which is essential to cover a possibly wide range of detectable analytes. Finally, the remaining challenges toward the implementation of the developed hybrid FAIMS-FTIR-LS system for exhaled breath analysis for metabolic studies in small animal intensive care units are discussed.
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Beale DJ, Oh DY, Karpe AV, Tai C, Dunn MS, Tilmanis D, Palombo EA, Hurt AC. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of the upper respiratory tract of ferrets following influenza A virus infection and oseltamivir treatment. Metabolomics 2019; 15:33. [PMID: 30830484 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease that causes high global morbidity and mortality each year. The dynamics of an influenza infection on the host metabolism, and how metabolism is altered in response to neuraminidase inhibitor drug therapy, is still in its infancy but of great importance. OBJECTIVES We aim to investigate the suitability of ferret nasal wash samples for metabolomics-based analysis and characterization of influenza infections and oseltamivir treatment. METHODS Virological and metabolic analyses were performed on nasal wash samples collected from ferrets treated with oseltamivir or a placebo. Untargeted metabolomics was performed using a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometery (GC-MS) based protocol that comprised a retention time (RT) locked method and the use of a commercial metabolomics library. RESULTS Ferret activity was reduced at 2-3 days post infection, which coincided with the highest influenza viral titre. The metabolomics data indicated a shift in metabolism during various stages of infection. The neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir created considerable downregulation of energy center metabolites (glucose, sucrose, glycine and glutamine), which generated high levels of branched amino acids. This further increased branched amino acid degradation and deregulation via glycerate-type intermediates and biosynthesis of fatty acids in oseltamivir-treated animals where abrogated weight loss was observed. CONCLUSION Metabolomics was used to profile influenza infection and antiviral drug treatment in ferrets. This has the potential to provide indicators for the early diagnosis of influenza infection and assess the effectiveness of drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Beale
- Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Land & Water, P.O. Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.
| | - Ding Yuan Oh
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, VIC, Australia.
| | - Avinash V Karpe
- Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Land & Water, P.O. Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Celeste Tai
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael S Dunn
- Analytical Science and Technology, Seqirus, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Danielle Tilmanis
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Enzo A Palombo
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Derruau S, Gobinet C, Mateu A, Untereiner V, Lorimier S, Piot O. Shedding light on confounding factors likely to affect salivary infrared biosignatures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2283-2290. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Beale DJ, Pinu FR, Kouremenos KA, Poojary MM, Narayana VK, Boughton BA, Kanojia K, Dayalan S, Jones OAH, Dias DA. Review of recent developments in GC-MS approaches to metabolomics-based research. Metabolomics 2018; 14:152. [PMID: 30830421 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics aims to identify the changes in endogenous metabolites of biological systems in response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This is accomplished through untargeted, semi-targeted and targeted based approaches. Untargeted and semi-targeted methods are typically applied in hypothesis-generating investigations (aimed at measuring as many metabolites as possible), while targeted approaches analyze a relatively smaller subset of biochemically important and relevant metabolites. Regardless of approach, it is well recognized amongst the metabolomics community that gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is one of the most efficient, reproducible and well used analytical platforms for metabolomics research. This is due to the robust, reproducible and selective nature of the technique, as well as the large number of well-established libraries of both commercial and 'in house' metabolite databases available. AIM OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of developments in GC-MS based metabolomics applications, with a focus on sample preparation and preservation techniques. A number of chemical derivatization (in-time, in-liner, offline and microwave assisted) techniques are also discussed. Electron impact ionization and a summary of alternate mass analyzers are highlighted, along with a number of recently reported new GC columns suited for metabolomics. Lastly, multidimensional GC-MS and its application in environmental and biomedical research is presented, along with the importance of bioinformatics. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to both highlight and provide an update on GC-MS analytical techniques that are common in metabolomics studies. Specific emphasis is given to the key steps within the GC-MS workflow that those new to this field need to be aware of and the common pitfalls that should be looked out for when starting in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), P.O. Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.
| | - Farhana R Pinu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Konstantinos A Kouremenos
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
- Trajan Scientific and Medical, 7 Argent Pl, Ringwood, 3134, Australia
| | - Mahesha M Poojary
- Chemistry Section, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino, Italy
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Vinod K Narayana
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Berin A Boughton
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Komal Kanojia
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Saravanan Dayalan
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Oliver A H Jones
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | - Daniel A Dias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, 3083, Australia.
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Wallace MAG, Pleil JD. Evolution of clinical and environmental health applications of exhaled breath research: Review of methods and instrumentation for gas-phase, condensate, and aerosols. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1024:18-38. [PMID: 29776545 PMCID: PMC6082128 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human breath, along with urine and blood, has long been one of the three major biological media for assessing human health and environmental exposure. In fact, the detection of odor on human breath, as described by Hippocrates in 400 BC, is considered the first analytical health assessment tool. Although less common in comparison to contemporary bio-fluids analyses, breath has become an attractive diagnostic medium as sampling is non-invasive, unlimited in timing and volume, and does not require clinical personnel. Exhaled breath, exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and exhaled breath aerosol (EBA) are different types of breath matrices used to assess human health and disease state. Over the past 20 years, breath research has made many advances in assessing health state, overcoming many of its initial challenges related to sampling and analysis. The wide variety of sampling techniques and collection devices that have been developed for these media are discussed herein. The different types of sensors and mass spectrometry instruments currently available for breath analysis are evaluated as well as emerging breath research topics, such as cytokines, security and airport surveillance, cellular respiration, and canine olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ariel Geer Wallace
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Joachim D Pleil
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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Exploration of variations in proteome and metabolome for predictive diagnostics and personalized treatment algorithms: Innovative approach and examples for potential clinical application. J Proteomics 2018; 188:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wang P, Kricka LJ. Current and Emerging Trends in Point-of-Care Technology and Strategies for Clinical Validation and Implementation. Clin Chem 2018; 64:1439-1452. [PMID: 29884677 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2018.287052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point-of-care technology (POCT) provides actionable information at the site of care to allow rapid clinical decision-making. With healthcare emphasis shifting toward precision medicine, population health, and chronic disease management, the potential impact of POCT continues to grow, and several prominent POCT trends have emerged or strengthened in the last decade. CONTENT This review summarizes current and emerging trends in POCT, including technologies approved or cleared by the Food and Drug Administration or in development. Technologies included have either impacted existing clinical diagnostics applications (e.g., continuous monitoring and targeted nucleic acid testing) or are likely to impact diagnostics delivery in the near future. The focus is limited to in vitro diagnostics applications, although in some sections, technologies beyond in vitro diagnostics are also included given the commonalities (e.g., ultrasound plug-ins for smart phones). For technologies in development (e.g., wearables, noninvasive testing, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, paper-based diagnostics, nanopore-based devices, and digital microfluidics), we also discuss their potential clinical applications and provide perspectives on strategies beyond technological and analytical proof of concept, with the end goal of clinical implementation and impact. SUMMARY The field of POCT has witnessed strong growth over the past decade, as evidenced by new clinical or consumer products or research and development directions. Combined with the appropriate strategies for clinical needs assessment, validation, and implementation, these and future POCTs may significantly impact care delivery and associated outcomes and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- William Pepper Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania Heath System, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Larry J Kricka
- William Pepper Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania Heath System, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Ren JL, Zhang AH, Kong L, Wang XJ. Advances in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for investigation of metabolites. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22335-22350. [PMID: 35539746 PMCID: PMC9081429 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01574k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the systematic study of all the metabolites present within a biological system, which consists of a mass of molecules, having a variety of physical and chemical properties and existing over an extensive dynamic range in biological samples. Diverse analytical techniques are needed to achieve higher coverage of metabolites. The application of mass spectrometry (MS) in metabolomics has increased exponentially since the discovery and development of electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization techniques. Significant advances have also occurred in separation-based MS techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, and ion mobility-mass spectrometry), as well as separation-free MS techniques (direct infusion-mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry imaging, and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry) in the past decades. This review presents a brief overview of the recent advanced MS techniques and their latest applications in metabolomics. The software/websites for MS result analyses are also reviewed. Metabolomics is the systematic study of all the metabolites present within a biological system, supply functional information and has received extensive attention in the field of life sciences.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ling Ren
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Ling Kong
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
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Ljungkvist G, Ullah S, Tinglev Å, Stein K, Bake B, Larsson P, Almstrand AC, Viklund E, Hammar O, Sandqvist S, Beck O, Olin AC. Two techniques to sample non-volatiles in breath-exemplified by methadone. J Breath Res 2017; 12:016011. [PMID: 29220343 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa8b25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The particles in exhaled breath provide a promising matrix for the monitoring of pathological processes in the airways, and also allow exposure to exogenous compounds to be to assessed. The collection is easy to perform and is non-invasive. The aim of the present study is to assess if an exogenous compound-methadone-is distributed in the lining fluid of small airways, and to compare two methods for collecting methadone in particles in exhaled breath. Exhaled particles were collected from 13 subjects receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Two different sampling methods were applied: one based on electret filtration, potentially collecting exhaled particles of all sizes, and one based on impaction, collecting particles in the size range of 0.5-7 μm, known to reflect the respiratory tract lining fluid from the small airways. The collected samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and the impact of different breathing patterns was also investigated. The potential contribution from the oral cavity was investigated by rinsing the mouth with a codeine solution, followed by codeine analysis of the collected exhaled particles by both sampling methods. The results showed that methadone was present in all samples using both methods, but when using the method based on impaction, the concentration of methadone in exhaled breath was less than 1% of the concentration collected by the method based on filtration. Optimizing the breathing pattern to retrieve particles from small airways did not increase the amount of exhaled methadone collected by the filtration method. The contamination from codeine present in the oral cavity was only detected in samples collected by the impaction method. We conclude that methadone is distributed in the respiratory tract lining fluid of small airways. The samples collected by the filtration method most likely contained a contribution from the upper airways/oral fluid in contrast to the impaction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Ljungkvist
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Ahmed WM, Lawal O, Nijsen TM, Goodacre R, Fowler SJ. Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds of Infection: A Systematic Review. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:695-710. [PMID: 28870074 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With heightened global concern of microbial drug resistance, advanced methods for early and accurate diagnosis of infection are urgently needed. Analysis of exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) toward detecting microbial infection potentially allows a highly informative and noninvasive alternative to current genomics and culture-based methods. We performed a systematic review of research literature reporting human and animal exhaled breath VOCs related to microbial infections. In this Review, we find that a wide range of breath sampling and analysis methods are used by researchers, which significantly affects interstudy method comparability. Studies either perform targeted analysis of known VOCs relating to an infection, or non-targeted analysis to obtain a global profile of volatile metabolites. In general, the field of breath analysis is still relatively immature, and there is much to be understood about the metabolic production of breath VOCs, particularly in a host where both commensal microflora as well as pathogenic microorganisms may be manifested in the airways. We anticipate that measures to standardize high throughput sampling and analysis, together with an increase in large scale collaborative international trials, will bring routine breath VOC analysis to improve diagnosis of infection closer to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar M. Ahmed
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Philips
Research, Royal Philips B.V., High Tech Campus 34, Eindhoven, 5656 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Oluwasola Lawal
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Philips
Research, Royal Philips B.V., High Tech Campus 34, Eindhoven, 5656 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara M. Nijsen
- Philips
Research, Royal Philips B.V., High Tech Campus 34, Eindhoven, 5656 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Royston Goodacre
- School of
Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Fowler
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester
Academic Health Science Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester, M23 9LT, United Kingdom
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Ashrafi M, Bates M, Baguneid M, Alonso-Rasgado T, Rautemaa-Richardson R, Bayat A. Volatile organic compound detection as a potential means of diagnosing cutaneous wound infections. Wound Repair Regen 2017; 25:574-590. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ashrafi
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research; Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Centre for Dermatological Research, University of Manchester, Manchester; United Kingdom
- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital; Manchester United Kingdom
- Bioengineering Group, School of Materials; University of Manchester, Manchester; United Kingdom
| | | | - Mohamed Baguneid
- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Alonso-Rasgado
- Bioengineering Group, School of Materials; University of Manchester, Manchester; United Kingdom
| | - Riina Rautemaa-Richardson
- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital; Manchester United Kingdom
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research; Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Centre for Dermatological Research, University of Manchester, Manchester; United Kingdom
- Bioengineering Group, School of Materials; University of Manchester, Manchester; United Kingdom
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Schwarz EI, Engler A, Kohler M. Exhaled breath analysis in obstructive sleep apnea. Expert Rev Respir Med 2017; 11:631-639. [DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2017.1338950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther I Schwarz
- Sleep Disorders Center and Pulmonary Division, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Engler
- Sleep Disorders Center and Pulmonary Division, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- Sleep Disorders Center and Pulmonary Division, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Shokry E, de Oliveira AE, Avelino MAG, de Deus MM, Filho NRA. Earwax: A neglected body secretion or a step ahead in clinical diagnosis? A pilot study. J Proteomics 2017; 159:92-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lawal O, Ahmed WM, Nijsen TME, Goodacre R, Fowler SJ. Exhaled breath analysis: a review of 'breath-taking' methods for off-line analysis. Metabolomics 2017; 13:110. [PMID: 28867989 PMCID: PMC5563344 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-017-1241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential of exhaled breath sampling and analysis has long attracted interest in the areas of medical diagnosis and disease monitoring. This interest is attributed to its non-invasive nature, access to an unlimited sample supply (i.e., breath), and the potential to facilitate a rapid at patient diagnosis. However, progress from laboratory setting to routine clinical practice has been slow. Different methodologies of breath sampling, and the consequent difficulty in comparing and combining data, are considered to be a major contributor to this. To fulfil the potential of breath analysis within clinical and pre-clinical medicine, standardisation of some approaches to breath sampling and analysis will be beneficial. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to investigate the heterogeneity of breath sampling methods by performing an in depth bibliometric search to identify the current state of art in the area. In addition, the review will discuss and critique various breath sampling methods for off-line breath analysis. METHODS Literature search was carried out in databases MEDLINE, BIOSIS, EMBASE, INSPEC, COMPENDEX, PQSCITECH, and SCISEARCH using the STN platform which delivers peer-reviewed articles. Keywords searched for include breath, sampling, collection, pre-concentration, volatile. Forward and reverse search was then performed on initially included articles. The breath collection methodologies of all included articles was subsequently reviewed. RESULTS Sampling methods differs between research groups, for example regarding the portion of breath being targeted. Definition of late expiratory breath varies between studies. CONCLUSIONS Breath analysis is an interdisciplinary field of study using clinical, analytical chemistry, data processing, and metabolomics expertise. A move towards standardisation in breath sampling is currently being promoted within the breath research community with a view to harmonising analysis and thereby increasing robustness and inter-laboratory comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwasola Lawal
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- 0000 0004 0398 9387grid.417284.cPhilips Research, Royal Philips B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Waqar M. Ahmed
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- 0000 0004 0398 9387grid.417284.cPhilips Research, Royal Philips B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tamara M. E. Nijsen
- 0000 0004 0398 9387grid.417284.cPhilips Research, Royal Philips B.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Royston Goodacre
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen J. Fowler
- 0000000121662407grid.5379.8Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- 0000 0004 0430 9363grid.5465.2Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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