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Abdallah N, Amer ME, Amer MA, El-Missiry MA, Othman AI. Melatonin mitigated methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity through interrelated biological processes. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:833. [PMID: 39039363 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatotoxicity associated with methotrexate (MTX) is mainly due to disruption of redox balance and development of oxidative injury to hepatocytes. Melatonin (MLT) is a potent antioxidant and regulates wide range of biological functions, processes and utilized as adjuvant for number of medical applications. The current study investigated the mitigating effect of MLT on the MTX-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male rats received MLT (25 mg/kg, orally) for seven days flowed by single injection of MTX (20 mg/kg, ip) then treat with MLT continued for additional 7 days. The present result showed MLT treatment mitigated histopathological changes in the liver that associated with normalization of ALT and AST activity as well as bilirubin, albumin and alfa-fetoprotein levels in serum of MLT + MTX-treated rat to comparable control level. MLT treatment significantly reduced MDA content and myeloperoxidase activity while enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione content in the liver indicating the empowerment of the antioxidant status. Amelioration of MLT-induced oxidative stress resulted in a reduction in the inflammatory response due to antioxidant restoration and inhibited apoptosis indicated by downregulation of caspase-3 expression. The replenishment of antioxidant content powers the defense system of the hepatocytes. As a result, apoptosis is reduced which might be due to the ability of MLT protect DNA integrity thus maintaining hepatocyte functions and structure. Consequently, liver histology was protected. CONCLUSIONS In summary, MLT modulates liver function and structure by orchestrating linked processes, including redox balance, inflammatory response, suppression of caspase-3, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Abdallah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maggie E Amer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maher A Amer
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Azza I Othman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Petrović D, Ilić MD, Simonović D, Stojanović M, Stanković M, Stanišić S, Stojanović S, Arsić N, Sokolović DT. The role of melatonin in preventing amiodarone-induced rat liver damage. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:374-382. [PMID: 38079620 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic drug, can induce different organ damage, including liver. Cell damage included by amiodarone is a consequence of mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species production, and cell energy depletion leading to programmed cell death. In the present study, hepatoprotective potential of neurohormone melatonin (50 mg/kg/day) was evaluated in a chronic experimental model of liver damage induced by a 4-week application of amiodarone (70 mg/kg/day). The obtained results indicate that amiodarone induces an increase in xanthine oxidase activity, as well as the content of the lipid and protein oxidatively modified products and p53 levels. Microscopic analysis further corroborated the biochemical findings revealing hepatocyte degeneration, apoptosis, and occasional necrosis, with the activation of Kupffer cells. Coadministration of melatonin and amiodaron prevented an increase in certain damage associated parameters, due to its multiple targets. In conclusion, the application of melatonin together with amiodarone prevented an increase in tissue oxidative damage parameters and moderately prevented liver cell apoptosis, indicating that the damage of hepatocytes provoked by amiodarone supersedes the protective properties of melatonin in a given dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Petrović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation, University of Niš, Niška Banja, Niš, Serbia
| | - Marina Deljanin Ilić
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation, University of Niš, Niška Banja, Niš, Serbia
| | - Dejan Simonović
- Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation, University of Niš, Niška Banja, Niš, Serbia
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation, University of Niš, Niška Banja, Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica Stanković
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinical Centre Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Slaviša Stanišić
- Department of Obstetrics and Gyanaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stojanović
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation, University of Niš, Niška Banja, Niš, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Arsić
- Dom zdravlja Medveđa, Šetalište 5, 16240 Medveđa, Serbia
| | - Dušan T Sokolović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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Köse Y, Şirin C, Turgut AÇ, Tomruk C, Uyanıkgil Y, Turgut M. The neuroprotective effect of exogen melatonin upon fetal hippocampus damage caused by high-dose caffeine administration in pregnant rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024; 84:251-261. [PMID: 38469915 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate whether exogenous melatonin (MEL) mitigates the deleterious effects of high-dose caffeine (CAF) administration in pregnant rats upon the fetal hippocampus. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 32 adult Wistar albino female rats were divided into four groups after conception (n = 8). At 9-20 days of pregnancy, intraperitoneal (i.p.) MEL was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day in the MEL group, while i.p. CAF was administered at a dose of 60 mg/kg/day in the CAF group. In the CAF plus MEL group, i.p. CAF and MEL were administered at a dose of 60 and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively, at the same period. Following extraction of the brains of the fetuses sacrificed on the 21st day of pregnancy, their hippocampal regions were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin and Cresyl Echt Violet, anti-GFAP, and antisynaptophysin staining methods. RESULTS While there was a decrease in fetal and brain weights in the CAF group, it was found that the CAF plus MEL group had a closer weight average to that of the control group. Histologically, it was observed that the pyramidal cell layer consisted of 8-10 layers of cells due to the delay in migration in hippocampal neurons in the CAF group, while the MEL group showed similar characteristics with the control group. It was found that these findings decreased in the CAF plus MEL group. CONCLUSION It is concluded that high-dose CAF administration causes a delay in neurogenesis of the fetal hippocampus, and exogenous MEL is able to mitigate its deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yağmur Köse
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Health Sciences Institute, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Cansın Şirin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ali Çağlar Turgut
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Health Sciences Institute, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Canberk Tomruk
- Histology and Embryology, Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yiğit Uyanıkgil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell, Health Science Institute, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
- Application and Research Center of Cord Blood Cell-Tissue, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Turgut
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Health Sciences Institute, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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Dorranipour D, Pourjafari F, Malekpour-Afshar R, Basiri M, Hosseini M. Assessment of melatonin's therapeutic effectiveness against hepatic steatosis induced by a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2971-2985. [PMID: 37864588 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the protective effects of melatonin against metabolic diseases, such as liver steatosis. However, its therapeutic effects have received less scrutiny. The present study aimed to explore melatonin's therapeutic effectiveness in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet in rats. The NAFLD was developed in male Wistar rats using an HCHF diet for 8 weeks. Afterward, they were given melatonin orally for four weeks at doses of 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 30 mg/kg, along with the HCHF diet. In addition, six age-matched healthy rats received the highest dose of melatonin (30 mg/kg) for the same duration. Rats on the HCHF diet exhibited obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and liver injury (steatosis). Melatonin treatment at 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg reduced body weight, adiposity index, oxidative damage, and inflammation but did not affect impaired glucose metabolism induced by the HCHF diet. Meanwhile, the highest dose of melatonin (30 mg/kg) reduced the liver steatosis index in HCHF rats but caused mild liver damage in healthy rats. In conclusion, using melatonin demonstrated positive outcomes in treating NAFLD induced by the HCHF diet in rats, with no noteworthy effects observed in healthy rats. A moderate dosage of 10 mg/kg of melatonin proved to be a safer and more efficient method for reducing HCHF diet-induced NAFLD in rats. Higher melatonin doses should be cautiously administered due to potential disruptions in lipid metabolism and the risk of liver complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Dorranipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Pourjafari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Malekpour-Afshar
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mehran Hosseini
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Kim JI, Cheon HG. Melatonin ameliorates hepatic fibrosis via the melatonin receptor 2-mediated upregulation of BMAL1 and anti-oxidative enzymes. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 966:176337. [PMID: 38246330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis, when left untreated, causes serious health problems that progress to cirrhosis and, in some cases, liver cancer. Activation of hepatic stellate cells may be a key characteristic in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, exerts anti-fibrotic effects; however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the beneficial effects of melatonin against hepatic fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using the human hepatic stellate cell line, LX-2, and in vivo murine animal models. The results showed that melatonin suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced fibrosis markers and production of reactive oxygen species in LX-2 cells. Either 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin, a melatonin receptor 2 selective antagonist, or melatonin receptor 2 small interfering RNA abolished the suppressive effects of melatonin, suggesting the involvement of melatonin receptor 2 in melatonin-induced anti-fibrotic and anti-oxidative actions. Melatonin increased the expression of the brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 1 (BMAL1), a positive circadian clock gene. BMAL1 knockdown reduced the anti-fibrotic and anti-oxidative effects of melatonin, demonstrating the protective effects of melatonin against TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cell activation by exhibiting melatonin receptor 2-BMAL1-anti-oxidative effects. In high-fat diet-induced and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis models, oral melatonin administration decreased the expression of hepatic fibrosis markers and increased the expression of messenger RNA and levels of proteins of BMAL1 and melatonin receptor 2. Thus, melatonin exerted protective effects against hepatic fibrosis through melatonin receptor 2 activation, followed by an upregulation of the BMAL1-anti-oxidative enzyme pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea Il Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Moghadam Fard A, Goodarzi P, Mottahedi M, Garousi S, Zadabhari H, Kalantari Shahijan M, Esmaeili S, Nabi-Afjadi M, Yousefi B. Therapeutic applications of melatonin in disorders related to the gastrointestinal tract and control of appetite. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-02972-5. [PMID: 38358468 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Most animals have large amounts of the special substance melatonin, which is controlled by the light/dark cycle in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. According to what is now understood, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and other areas of the body are sites of melatonin production. According to recent studies, the GIT and adjacent organs depend critically on a massive amount of melatonin. Not unexpectedly, melatonin's many biological properties, such as its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, anti-proliferative, anti-metastasis, and antiangiogenic properties, have drawn the attention of researchers more and more. Because melatonin is an antioxidant, it produces a lot of secretions in the GIT's mucus and saliva, which shields cells from damage and promotes the development of certain GIT-related disorders. Melatonin's ability to alter cellular behavior in the GIT and other associated organs, such as the liver and pancreas, is another way that it functions. This behavior alters the secretory and metabolic activities of these cells. In this review, we attempted to shed fresh light on the many roles that melatonin plays in the various regions of the gastrointestinal tract by focusing on its activities for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pardis Goodarzi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Mottahedi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Setareh Garousi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Zadabhari
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Faculty, Medipol University Health of Science, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Saeedeh Esmaeili
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Kamfar WW, Khraiwesh HM, Ibrahim MO, Qadhi AH, Azhar WF, Ghafouri KJ, Alhussain MH, Aldairi AF, AlShahrani AM, Alghannam AF, Abdulal RH, Al-Slaihat AH, Qutob MS, Elrggal ME, Ghaith MM, Azzeh FS. Comprehensive review of melatonin as a promising nutritional and nutraceutical supplement. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24266. [PMID: 38293391 PMCID: PMC10825492 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Melatonin is an indoleamine hormone secreted by the pineal gland at night and has an essential role in regulating human circadian rhythms (the internal 24-h clock) and sleep-wake patterns. However, it has recently gained considerable attention for its demonstrated ability in disease management. This review discusses the major biological activities of melatonin, its metabolites as nutritional supplements, and its bioavailability in food sources. Methods The information acquisition process involved conducting a comprehensive search across academic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, Embase, and Springer using relevant keywords. Only the most recent, peer-reviewed articles published in the English language were considered for inclusion. Results The molecular mechanisms by which melatonin induces its therapeutic effects have been the subject of various studies. Conclusion While melatonin was initially understood to only regulate circadian rhythms, recent studies indicate that it has a far-reaching effect on various organs and physiological systems, such as immunity, cardiovascular function, antioxidant defense, and lipid hemostasis. As a potent antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory agent, multiple therapeutic applications have been proposed for melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waad W. Kamfar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, UmmAl-Qura University, P.O. Box: 7067, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Nutrition and Food Services Department, Almana Hospitals, Aziziah, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam M. Khraiwesh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Processing, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Salt, Jordan
| | - Mohammed O. Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mu'tah University, Karak, Jordan
| | - Alaa H. Qadhi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, UmmAl-Qura University, P.O. Box: 7067, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wedad F. Azhar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, UmmAl-Qura University, P.O. Box: 7067, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khloud J. Ghafouri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, UmmAl-Qura University, P.O. Box: 7067, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H. Alhussain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Aldairi
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. AlShahrani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt, King Khalid University, Abha, 62561, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alghannam
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 84428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rwaa H. Abdulal
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abed H. Al-Slaihat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maysoun S. Qutob
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Mazen M. Ghaith
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, 7607, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firas S. Azzeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, UmmAl-Qura University, P.O. Box: 7067, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Rezzani R, Gianò M, Pinto D, Rinaldi F, van Noorden CJF, Favero G. Hepatic Alterations in a BTBR T + Itpr3tf/J Mouse Model of Autism and Improvement Using Melatonin via Mitigation Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Ferroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1086. [PMID: 38256159 PMCID: PMC10816818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated neurodevelopmental disorder, and its etiology is not well understood. It is known that genetic and nongenetic factors determine alterations in several organs, such as the liver, in individuals with this disorder. The aims of the present study were to analyze morphological and biological alterations in the liver of an autistic mouse model, BTBR T + Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice, and to identify therapeutic strategies for alleviating hepatic impairments using melatonin administration. We studied hepatic cytoarchitecture, oxidative stress, inflammation and ferroptosis in BTBR mice and used C57BL6/J mice as healthy control subjects. The mice were divided into four groups and then treated and not treated with melatonin, respectively. BTBR mice showed (a) a retarded development of livers and (b) iron accumulation and elevated oxidative stress and inflammation. We demonstrated that the expression of ferroptosis markers, the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (NFR2), was upregulated, and the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) was downregulated in BTBR mice. Then, we evaluated the effects of melatonin on the hepatic alterations of BTBR mice; melatonin has a positive effect on liver cytoarchitecture and metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.G.); (G.F.)
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Italian Society for the Study of Orofacial Pain (Società Italiana Studio Dolore Orofacciale-SISDO), 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marzia Gianò
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project Institute, 20129 Milan, Italy; (D.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Fabio Rinaldi
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project Institute, 20129 Milan, Italy; (D.P.); (F.R.)
| | - Cornelis J. F. van Noorden
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.G.); (G.F.)
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Barmoudeh Z, Fouani MH, Moslemi Z, Azizi M, Doustimotlagh AH, Bardania H. Melatonin and metformin co-loaded nanoliposomes efficiently attenuate liver damage induced by bile duct ligation in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:395-410. [PMID: 37452836 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the therapeutic effectiveness of the metformin (Met) and melatonin (Mel) co-loaded liposomes was investigated on cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in male rats. Histopathological analysis, biochemical analysis, and oxidative stress markers were assayed to determine the therapeutic effect of Met and Mel co-loaded liposomes on cholestasis. Histopathological analysis revealed that the simultaneous administration of Met and Mel, whether in the free (C-Mel-Met) or liposomal (C-Lipo-Mel-Met) forms, reduced inflammation as well as proliferation of bile ducts; however, results were more prominent in the liposomal form of Mel and Met. Additionaly, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in (C-Mel-Met) treated rats compared with (BDL) rats; however, (C-Lipo-Mel-Met) treated rats exhibited significant (p < 0.05) lower AST rates in comparison to (BDL) rats. Moreover, a significant (p < 0.0001) drop in bilirubin levels was detected in (C-Lipo-Mel-Met) treated rats in comparison to (BDL) rats; it is noteworthy mentioning that bilirubin levels in (C-Lipo-Mel-Met) treated rats were insignificant in comparison to sham-control (SC) rats. Furthermore, rats concomitantly administered Met and Mel, exhibited significant downregulation in the expression levels of inflammatory cytokine genes such as TNF-α and IL-1 gene expression, where the downregulation was more prominent in the liposomal from. Our findings demonestrate that the concomitant administration of metformin and melatonin in the liposomal form had more therapeutic effect on liver injury than their free forms through improving histological changes, reducing biochemical markers and favoring oxidant- antioxidant balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Barmoudeh
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohamad Hassan Fouani
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Moslemi
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mahdokht Azizi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imamsajad Hospital, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Hassan Bardania
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
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LeFort KR, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ. Melatonin Prevents Alcohol- and Metabolic Dysfunction- Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Mitigating Gut Dysbiosis, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, and Endotoxemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:43. [PMID: 38247468 PMCID: PMC10812487 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) has often been used to support good sleep quality, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, as many have suffered from stress-related disrupted sleep patterns. It is less known that MT is an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and modulator of gut barrier dysfunction, which plays a significant role in many disease states. Furthermore, MT is produced at 400-500 times greater concentrations in intestinal enterochromaffin cells, supporting the role of MT in maintaining the functions of the intestines and gut-organ axes. Given this information, the focus of this article is to review the functions of MT and the molecular mechanisms by which it prevents alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), including its metabolism and interactions with mitochondria to exert its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in the gut-liver axis. We detail various mechanisms by which MT acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and modulator of intestinal barrier function to prevent the progression of ALD and MASLD via the gut-liver axis, with a focus on how these conditions are modeled in animal studies. Using the mechanisms of MT prevention and animal studies described, we suggest behavioral modifications and several exogenous sources of MT, including food and supplements. Further clinical research should be performed to develop the field of MT in preventing the progression of liver diseases via the gut-liver axis, so we mention a few considerations regarding MT supplementation in the context of clinical trials in order to advance this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli R. LeFort
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | | | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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11
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Tan Y, Zhao N, Xie Q, Xu Z, Chai J, Zhang X, Li Y. Melatonin attenuates cholestatic liver injury via inhibition of the inflammatory response. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2527-2537. [PMID: 36869985 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, an indole neurohormone secreted mainly by the pineal gland, has been found to be involved in a variety of liver diseases. However, the underlying mechanism by which melatonin ameliorates cholestatic liver injury is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which melatonin attenuates cholestatic liver injury via inhibition of the inflammatory response. We measured the levels of serum melatonin in patients with obstructive cholestasis (n = 9), patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) (n = 11), and control patients (n = 7). We performed experiments with C57BL/6 J mice treated with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) and melatonin to verify the role of melatonin in the mouse model of cholestasis. Primary mouse hepatocytes were used for in vitro studies to study the mechanisms of action of melatonin in cholestasis. The levels of serum melatonin were markedly increased and negatively correlated with serum markers of liver injury in cholestatic patients. As expected, oral administration of melatonin significantly attenuated cholestasis-induced liver inflammation and fibrosis in 0.1% DDC diet-fed mice. Further mechanistic studies in cholestatic mice and primary hepatocytes revealed that melatonin reduced the conjugate BA-stimulated expression of cytokines (e.g. Ccl2, Tnfα, and Il6) through the ERK/Egr1 signalling pathway in these models. The levels of serum melatonin are significantly elevated in cholestatic patients. Melatonin treatment ameliorates cholestatic liver injury by suppressing the inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, melatonin is a promising novel therapeutic strategy for cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qiaoling Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ziqian Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jin Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiaoxun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Institute of Digestive Diseases of PLA, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Cholestatic Liver Diseases Center, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Center for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital (Southwest Hospital) to Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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12
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Lee R, Lee WY, Park HJ. Effects of Melatonin on Liver of D-Galactose-Induced Aged Mouse Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8412-8426. [PMID: 37886973 PMCID: PMC10604925 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland of vertebrates, regulates sleep, blood pressure, and circadian and seasonal rhythms, and acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. We investigated the protective effects of melatonin against markers of D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced hepatocellular aging, including liver inflammation, hepatocyte structural damage, and non-alcoholic fatty liver. Mice were divided into four groups: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, control), D-Gal (200 mg/kg/day), melatonin (20 mg/kg), and D-Gal (200 mg/kg) and melatonin (20 mg) cotreatment. The treatments were administered once daily for eight consecutive weeks. Melatonin treatment alleviated D-Gal-induced hepatocyte impairment. The AST level was significantly increased in the D-Gal-treated groups compared to that in the control group, while the ALT level was decreased compared to the melatonin and D-Gal cotreated group. Inflammatory genes, such as IL1-β, NF-κB, IL-6, TNFα, and iNOS, were significantly increased in the D-Gal aging model, whereas the expression levels of these genes were low in the D-Gal and melatonin cotreated group. Interestingly, the expression levels of hepatic steatosis-related genes, such as LXRα, C/EBPα, PPARα, ACC, ACOX1, and CPT-1, were markedly decreased in the D-Gal and melatonin cotreated group. These results suggest that melatonin suppresses hepatic steatosis and inflammation in a mouse model of D-Gal-induced aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yong Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea; (R.L.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si 26339, Republic of Korea
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Farid A, Michael V, Safwat G. Melatonin loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles reduce inflammation, inhibit apoptosis and protect rat's liver from the hazardous effects of CCL4. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16424. [PMID: 37777583 PMCID: PMC10543381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver is an important organ that carries out major important functions including the detoxification of harmful chemicals. Numerous studies have lately focused on the impact of various substances, such as chemical pollutants and pharmaceutical drugs, on the liver. Melatonin (Mel) has been reported for the protection against liver injury. In order to enhance Mel therapeutic benefits and prevent any potential negative effects, Mel has to be delivered to the injured liver. Therefore, the goal of the current investigation was to create Mel-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (Mel-PLGA NPs) to alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver damage in male Sprague Dawley rats. The prepared Mel-PLGA NPs were physically characterized to determine its size and charge. Moreover, Mel-PLGA NPs were examined, in vitro, to determine its antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity effects before being used in vivo. The effect of NPs on liver injury was evaluated through biochemical, immunological, histopathological examination and flow cytometry technique. Mel-PLGA NPs were smooth and spherical with no signs of aggregation and have in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant effects. NPs varied in size from 87 to 96 nm in transmission electron microscope images, while their hydrodynamic diameter was 41 nm and their zeta potential was -6 mV. Mel-PLGA NPs had encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and drug loading (DL%) of 59.9 and 12.5%, respectively. Treatment with Mel-PLGA NPs ameliorated all histopathological changes, in liver sections, that resulted from CCL4 administration; where, liver sections of treated groups were similar to those of healthy control GI. NPs administration were superior to free Mel and reversed the elevated levels of liver function enzymes, inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases to their normal levels. Moreover, liver sections of groups treated with NPs showed negative immunostaining for nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and C-reactive protein indicating their anti-inflammatory behavior. Mel-PLGA NPs significantly protected liver from the toxicity of CCL4. The effective dose of NPs was 5 mg/kg indicating a reduction in the required Mel dose and its associated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Farid
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Valina Michael
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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14
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Farjallah MA, Graja A, Ghattassi K, Ben Mahmoud L, Elleuch H, Ayadi F, Driss T, Jammoussi K, Sahnoun Z, Souissi N, Hammouda O. Melatonin Ingestion Prevents Liver Damage and Improves Biomarkers of Renal Function Following a Maximal Exercise. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:869-879. [PMID: 35575746 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2068792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: While the promotion of the beneficial effects of melatonin (MEL) ingestion on the modulation of oxidative stress is widespread, less attention is given to the biological influence that it could exert on the results of hematology and clinical chemistry parameters. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of acute MEL ingestion on these parameters during a maximal running exercise. Methods: In double blind randomized design, 12 professional soccer players [age: 17.54 ± 0.78 yrs, body mass: 70.31 ± 3.86 kg, body height: 1.8 ± 0.08 m; maximal aerobic speed (MAS): 16.85 ± 0.63 km/h; mean ± standard deviation], all males, performed a diurnal (17:00 h ± 30 h) running exercise test (RET) at 100% of their MAS following either MEL or placebo ingestion. Blood samples were obtained at rest and following the RET. Results: Compared to placebo, MEL intake decreased post-exercise biomarkers of liver damage (aspartate aminotransferase, p<0.001; alanine aminotransferase, p<0.001; gamma-glutamyltransferase; p<0.05) and improved post-exercise renal function markers (i.e., creatinine, p<0.001). However, lipid profile, glucose, lactate and leukocyte were not affected by MEL ingestion. Regarding the time to exhaustion, no difference was found between MEL (362.46 ± 42.06 s) and PLA (374.54 ± 57.97 s) conditions. Conclusion: The results of this investigation clearly attest that MEL ingestion before a maximal running exercise might protect athletes from liver damage and perturbation in renal function biomarkers. However, this study comprises an acute MEL supplementation and no assessment on chronic effects or circadian rhythm the day before was done.
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Li Y, Zou B, Dai P, Liao M, Bai HX, Jiao Z. AC-E Network: Attentive Context-Enhanced Network for Liver Segmentation. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2023; 27:4052-4061. [PMID: 37204947 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3278079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Segmentation of liver from CT scans is essential in computer-aided liver disease diagnosis and treatment. However, the 2DCNN ignores the 3D context, and the 3DCNN suffers from numerous learnable parameters and high computational cost. In order to overcome this limitation, we propose an Attentive Context-Enhanced Network (AC-E Network) consisting of 1) an attentive context encoding module (ACEM) that can be integrated into the 2D backbone to extract 3D context without a sharp increase in the number of learnable parameters; 2) a dual segmentation branch including complemental loss making the network attend to both the liver region and boundary so that getting the segmented liver surface with high accuracy. Extensive experiments on the LiTS and the 3D-IRCADb datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms existing approaches and is competitive to the state-of-the-art 2D-3D hybrid method on the equilibrium of the segmentation precision and the number of model parameters.
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16
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Wang J, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhou F, Wang S, Chen L, Chen Y, Yu R, Huang L. Synthesis of Methylgenipin and Evaluation of Its Anti-Hepatic Injury Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:4793. [PMID: 37375346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genipin has been the focus of research as a multifunctional compound for the treatment of pathogenic diseases. However, hepatotoxicity caused by oral genipin raises concerns about its safety. To obtain novel derivatives with low toxicity and efficacy, we synthesized methylgenipin (MG), a new compound, using structural modification, and investigated the safety of MG administration. The results showed that the LD50 of oral MG was higher than 1000 mg/kg, no mice died or were poisoned during the experiment in the treatment group, and there was no significant difference in biochemical parameters and liver pathological sections compared with the control. Importantly, MG (100 mg/kg/d) treatment for 7 days reduced alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced increases in liver index, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels. Histopathology demonstrated that MG could treat ANIT-induced cholestasis. In addition, using proteomics to investigate the molecular mechanism of MG in the treatment of a liver injury may be related to enhancing antioxidant function. Kit validation showed that ANIT induced an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels, while the MG pretreatments, both of which were significantly reversed to some extent, suggested that MG may alleviate ANIT-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting oxidative stress injury. In this study, we demonstrate that the treatment of mice with MG does not cause impaired liver function and provide an investigation of the efficacy of MG against ANIT-induced hepatotoxicity, laying the foundation for the safety evaluation and clinical application of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yongwei Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yaohui Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Shuaikang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Liping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yinfang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Riyue Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Liping Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
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17
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Terziev D, Terzieva D. Experimental Data on the Role of Melatonin in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1722. [PMID: 37371817 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide, its complex pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. The currently stated hypotheses cannot fully clarify the interrelationships between individual pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. No appropriate health strategies have been developed for treating NAFLD. NAFLD is characterized by an accumulation of triglycerides in hepatic cells (steatosis), with the advanced form known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In the latter, superimposed inflammation can lead to fibrosis. There are scientific data on NAFLD's association with components of metabolic syndrome. Hormonal factors are thought to play a role in the development of metabolic syndrome. Endogenous melatonin, an indoleamine hormone synthesized by the pineal gland mainly at night, is a powerful chronobiotic that probably regulates metabolic processes and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and genomic effects. Extrapineal melatonin has been found in various tissues and organs, including the liver, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract, where it likely maintains cellular homeostasis. Melatonin exerts its effects on NAFLD at the cellular, subcellular, and molecular levels, affecting numerous signaling pathways. In this review article, we discuss the experimental scientific data accumulated on the involvement of melatonin in the intimate processes of the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Terziev
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dora Terzieva
- MDL "Bioiv", Medical University, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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18
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Li S, Wang P, Yang K, Liu Y, Cheng D, He L. Construction of HClO activated near-infrared fluorescent probe for imaging hepatocellular carcinoma. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1252:341009. [PMID: 36935131 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the liver with poor prognosis. In order to improve the prognosis and overall survival of patients with HCC, it is important to identify it at early stage and resect it precisely. Cell microenvironment, active compounds, and enzymes may change during the cancerization of hepatocytes. Hypochlorous acid (HClO), one of the most significant signal molecules in the cellular signaling pathway, plays an important role in many cellular processes. To detect and treat liver cancers, it is imperative to study how HClO levels change in hepatocytes. However, developing fluorescent probes specific to liver cells to detect HClO still challenging. Herein, we designed and synthesized a NIR hepatocyte-specific fluorescent probe (MBH-MT) that displayed excellent optical properties for detecting HClO in biological samples. Cell imaging experiment conducted with the unique probe MBH-MT, showed that the biocompatible sensor is capable of monitoring HClO and distinguishing normal cells from cancer cells (e.g., HepG2, HUVEC, RAW264.7, L02 and HK-2 cells). An organ imaging experiment with the probe MBH-MT demonstrated its effectiveness in diagnosing and imaging hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. MBH-MT's in situ imaging also demonstrated that it can target and image mouse hepatocellular carcinomas. Furthermore, MBH-MT has also successfully been used to diagnose and guide liver cancer surgery early. In the future, we expect that this powerful tool may be help in the detection and imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma, which may affect a large number of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjiao Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, PR China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, PR China
| | - Ke Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, PR China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Longwei He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, PR China.
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19
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Nakadate K, Sono C, Mita H, Itakura Y, Kawakami K. Severe Acute Liver Dysfunction Induces Delayed Hepatocyte Swelling and Cytoplasmic Vacuolization, and Delayed Cortical Neuronal Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087351. [PMID: 37108515 PMCID: PMC10139143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver dysfunction is the main cause of hepatic encephalopathy. However, histopathological changes in the brain associated with hepatic encephalopathy remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated pathological changes in the liver and brain using an acute hepatic encephalopathy mouse model. After administering ammonium acetate, a transient increase in the blood ammonia level was observed, which returned to normal levels after 24 h. Consciousness and motor levels also returned to normal. It was revealed that hepatocyte swelling, and cytoplasmic vacuolization progressed over time in the liver tissue. Blood biochemistry also suggested hepatocyte dysfunction. In the brain, histopathological changes, such as perivascular astrocyte swelling, were observed 3 h after ammonium acetate administration. Abnormalities in neuronal organelles, especially mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum, were also observed. Additionally, neuronal cell death was observed 24 h post-ammonia treatment when blood ammonia levels had returned to normal. Activation of reactive microglia and increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were also observed seven days after a transient increase in blood ammonia. These results suggest that delayed neuronal atrophy could be iNOS-mediated cell death due to activation of reactive microglia. The findings also suggest that severe acute hepatic encephalopathy causes continued delayed brain cytotoxicity even after consciousness recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nakadate
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sono
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Homura Mita
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Itakura
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoharu Kawakami
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Chowdhury O, Ghosh S, Das A, Liu H, Shang P, Stepicheva NA, Hose S, Sinha D, Chattopadhyay S. Sustained systemic inflammation increases autophagy and induces EMT/fibrotic changes in mouse liver cells: Protection by melatonin. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110521. [PMID: 36375715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The unending lifestyle stressors along with genetic predisposition, environmental factors and infections have pushed the immune system into a state of constant activity, leading to unresolved inflammation and increased vulnerability to chronic diseases. Liver fibrosis, an early-stage liver condition that increases the risk of developing liver diseases like cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, is among the various diseases linked to inflammation that dominate worldwide morbidity and mortality. We developed a mouse model with low-grade lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure that shows hepatic damage and a pro-inflammatory condition in the liver. We show that inflammation and oxidative changes increase autophagy in liver cells, a degradation process critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Our findings from in vivo and in vitro studies also show that induction of both inflammation and autophagy trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and pro-fibrotic changes in hepatocytes. Inhibiting the inflammatory pathways with a naturally occurring NF-κB inhibitor and antioxidant, melatonin, could assuage the changes in autophagy and activation of EMT/fibrotic pathways in hepatocytes. Taken together, this study shows a pathway linking inflammation and autophagy which could be targeted for future drug development to delay the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ankur Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peng Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nadezda A Stepicheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacey Hose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sreya Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CRNN), University of Calcutta, JD-2, Salt Lake, Sector III, Kolkata 700098, India.
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Yang J, Tang Q, Zeng Y. Melatonin: Potential avenue for treating iron overload disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101717. [PMID: 35961513 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload as a highly risk factor, can be found in almost all human chronic and common diseases. Iron chelators are often used to treat iron overload; however, patient adherence to these chelators is poor due to obvious side effects and other disadvantages. Numerous studies have shown that melatonin has a high iron chelation ability and direct free radical scavenging activity, and can inhibit the lipid peroxidation process caused by iron overload. Therefore, melatonin may become potential complementary therapy for iron overload-related disorders due to its iron chelating and antioxidant activities. Here, the research progress of iron overload is reviewed and the therapeutic potential of melatonin in the treatment of iron overload is analyzed. In addition, studies related to the protective effects of melatonin on oxidative damage induced by iron overload are discussed. This review provides a foundation for preventing and treating iron homeostasis disorders with melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinghua Tang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuhong Zeng
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Ismail HTH. Toxic effects of excess exposure to boric acid on serum biochemical aspect, hematology and histological alterations and ameliorative potential role of melatonin in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103425. [PMID: 36060109 PMCID: PMC9436754 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current work clarifies the negative effects of excess exposure to boric acid (H3BO3) as a boron-containing compound on rats and the possible ameliorative effect of melatonin (MEL). Forty rats were equally divided into 5 groups as follows: group 1 was treated as control while groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were orally administered corn oil (0.5 ml), H3BO3 (1330 mg/kg BW), MEL (10 mg/kg BW) and H3BO3 + MEL for 28 consecutive days, respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood was sampled for biochemical and hematological analysis and tissues were collected for histopathological examination. The obtained results demonstrated that the exposure to H3BO3 induced hepatorenal dysfunctions, alterations in bone-related minerals and hormones levels, prostaglandin E2 as inflammatory mediator and hematological indices. H3BO3 induced histological alterations in the liver, kidneys, bone and skin. The co-administration of MEL with H3BO3 resulted in a significant improvement in most of the measured parameters and restoration of morpho-functional state of different organs compared to the H3BO3 group. In conclusion, the study clearly demonstrated that H3BO3- induced various adverse effects and that melatonin may be beneficial in a partial mitigating the H3BO3 and may represent a novel approach in the counteracting its toxicity.
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Ismail HTH. Toxic effects of excess exposure to boric acid on serum biochemical aspect, hematology and histological alterations and ameliorative potential role of melatonin in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103425. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
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Application of Melatonin with N-Acetylcysteine Exceeds Traditional Treatment for Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Emerg Med Int 2022; 2022:2791743. [PMID: 36090543 PMCID: PMC9463034 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2791743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the leading causes of acute liver damage. Given N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and melatonin (MLT) both have an attenuated value for APAP-induced liver toxification, where an optimized integrated treatment has not been well deciphered. Here, by giving a single dose of APAP (500 mg/kg) to wild-type male mice, combined with a single dose of 500 mg/kg NAC or 100 mg/kg MLT separately as the therapeutic method, this study aimed to investigate the effects of NAC and melatonin (MLT) alone or combined on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. In this study, NAC and MLT both partially have an alleviated function in APAP-challenged liver injury. However, MLT's add-on role strengthens the hepatoprotective effect of NAC on APAP-induced liver damage and resolute the inflammatory infiltration. Meanwhile, the combination of two reagents attenuates the decreased glutathione (GSH) and activation of the p38/JNK pathway. The combination of MLT and NAC can further ameliorate APAP-induced liver injury, which provides a novel strategy for drug-induced liver injury (DILI).
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Farjallah MA, Ghattassi K, Kamoun A, Graja A, Ben Mahmoud L, Driss T, Jamoussi K, Sahnoun Z, Souissi N, Zmijewski P, Hammouda O. Melatonin supplementation alleviates cellular damage and physical performance decline induced by an intensive training period in professional soccer players. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273719. [PMID: 36054089 PMCID: PMC9439208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has been proved to have positive effects on cellular damage and metabolic regulation. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of melatonin supplementation during an intensive training period on physical performance decline, oxidative stress and cellular damage state. The investigation was conducted on 20 soccer players who participated in an exhaustive six-day training schedule associated with daily 5 mg oral melatonin or placebo ingestion. Resting blood samples and physical performance were measured before and after the training period. The mixed 2-way ANOVA (group x training camp) showed that compared to placebo, melatonin intake prevented an increase in advanced oxidation protein products (p>0.05) and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity (i.e., superoxide dismutase; p<0.001). In addition, melatonin prevented an increase of biomarkers of renal function (e.g., creatinine; p>0.05) and biomarkers of muscle (e.g., creatine kinase; p>0.05) and liver (e.g., gamma-glutamyltransferase; p>0.05) damage. Furthermore, melatonin alleviated the deterioration in physical performance (countermovement jump, five-jump test and 20-m sprint; p>0.05). In conclusion, the obtained data showed increased oxidative stress and renal, muscle and liver damage in professional soccer players during an exhaustive training schedule. Melatonin intake during the training period exerts beneficial effects on physical performance and protects tissues against the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species and cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amine Farjallah
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- “Physical Activity, Sport and Health” Research Unit, UR18JS01, National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kais Ghattassi
- Research Unit, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Anis Kamoun
- Research Laboratory of Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, LR20ES09 University of Sfax, Sfax Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Graja
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lobna Ben Mahmoud
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2-APSA), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- “Physical Activity, Sport and Health” Research Unit, UR18JS01, National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2-APSA), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
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Amelioration of hydrolyzed guar gum on high-fat diet-induced obesity: Integrated hepatic transcriptome and metabolome. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Grape-Seed Procyanidin Extract (GSPE) Seasonal-Dependent Modulation of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in the Liver of Healthy F344 Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060839. [PMID: 35740964 PMCID: PMC9221469 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonality is gaining attention in the modulation of some physiological and metabolic functions in mammals. Furthermore, the consumption of natural compounds, such as GSPE, is steadily increasing. Consequently, in order to study the interaction of seasonal variations in day length over natural compounds’ molecular effects, we carried out an animal study using photo-sensitive rats which were chronically exposed for 9 weeks to three photoperiods (L6, L18, and L12) in order to mimic the day length of different seasons (winter/summer/and autumn-spring). In parallel, animals were also treated either with GSPE 25 (mg/kg) or vehicle (VH) for 4 weeks. Interestingly, a seasonal-dependent GSPE modulation on the hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism was observed. For example, some metabolic genes from the liver (SREBP-1c, Gk, Acacα) changed their expression due to seasonality. Furthermore, the metabolomic results also indicated a seasonal influence on the GSPE effects associated with glucose-6-phosphate, D-glucose, and D-ribose, among others. These differential effects, which were also reflected in some plasmatic parameters (i.e., glucose and triglycerides) and hormones (corticosterone and melatonin), were also associated with significant changes in the expression of several hepatic circadian clock genes (Bmal1, Cry1, and Nr1d1) and ER stress genes (Atf6, Grp78, and Chop). Our results point out the importance of circannual rhythms in regulating metabolic homeostasis and suggest that seasonal variations (long or short photoperiods) affect hepatic metabolism in rats. Furthermore, they suggest that procyanidin consumption could be useful for the modulation of the photoperiod-dependent changes on glucose and lipid metabolism, whose alterations could be related to metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease). Furthermore, even though the GSPE effect is not restricted to a specific photoperiod, our results suggest a more significant effect in the L18 condition.
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Saha M, Manna K, Das Saha K. Melatonin Suppresses NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via TLR4/NF-κB and P2X7R Signaling in High-Fat Diet-Induced Murine NASH Model. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3235-3258. [PMID: 35668917 PMCID: PMC9166960 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s343236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a critical role in mediating inflammation and NASH (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) progression that ultimately leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Melatonin (MLT) controls high-fat diet-induced NASH in the murine model by modulating NLRP3 mediated inflammation. P2X7R-mediated inflammasome activation is reported in several inflammatory models including NASH. Objective The role of MLT in P2X7R-mediated inflammation in the NASH model has not yet been explored. The present study investigated the role of MLT in amending high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the murine liver. Methods To evaluate the hepatological changes, mice were divided into four groups to investigate the improvement potential of this MLT (10 and 20 mg/kg) and to assess the experimental findings. Histology, biochemical assays, ELISA, FACS analysis, Western blotting, and IF were performed to assess the physical and molecular changes upon melatonin treatment. Results The result demonstrated that MLT administration reduced HFD (high-fat diet)-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitic indices, which successively restored the hepatic morphological architecture and other pathophysiological features too. Moreover, the application of MLT suppressed HFD-induced activation of the inflammasome and through TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Herein, we report that MLT significantly suppresses P2X7R expression and calcium influx along with inflammasome in both in vitro and in vivo. The docking study revealed a strong binding affinity of MLT with P2X7R. Moreover, the results also showed that the Nrf2 level was boosted which may normalize the expression of antioxidant proteins that safeguard against oxidative damage triggered by inflammation. Furthermore, some matrix metalloproteinases like MMP 2 and MMP 9 were repressed and TIMP-1 level was increased, which also signifies that MLT could improve liver fibrosis in this model. Conclusion Based on our findings, this study may conclude that MLT could be used as a therapeutic agent in the high-fat diet-induced NASH model as it has persuasive anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Ameliorative Effect of the Combination of the Cichorium intybus Whole Extract and Melatonin on Doxorubicin-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm-119807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Doxorubicin is anticancer that is a choice for the treatment of many malignancies. The nature of its toxic effects on the liver and other organs is the harmful character that leads to use with caution. Then, it is necessary to supplement an antioxidant with doxorubicin to reduce its side effects. Objectives: Cichorium intybus (C. intybus) is a plant with hepatoprotective effects. Melatonin is an antioxidant similar to vitamins. We investigated the repairing effects of C. intybus -melatonin together against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: Thirty balb/c mice in the weight range of 20 g to 25 g were divided into 5 equal groups of 6 animals each. The groups were as Control: normal saline; DOX: doxorubicin; Chicory: chicory whole plant extract + DOX; Melatonin; melatonin + DOX; Both Chicory-Melatonin + DOX. We assessed histopathology to define necrosis, vacuolar degeneration, and inflammation. In addition, we used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the TNFα proving the rate of inflammation. Results: The mean sum of histological grading in the control group was 0.00 in contrast to severe damage of the hepatic parenchyma grading 11.34 in sum. The mean sum grade of the other groups including Chicory, Melatonin, and Both Chicory-Melatonin were 8.17, 4.18, and 2.49, respectively. We found that the increased liver damage and TNF-α expression induced by DOX could be improved by applying therapeutic care with the coadministration of the C. intybus extract and Melatonin. Conclusions: Chicory and Melatonin have a healing ability against doxorubicin-induced hepatic lesions.
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Liu Q, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Qiao S, Cai J, Zhang Z. Melatonin relieves liver fibrosis induced by Txnrd3 knockdown and nickel exposure via IRE1/NF-kB/NLRP3 and PERK/TGF-β1 axis activation. Life Sci 2022; 301:120622. [PMID: 35537548 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nickel(Ni) accumulates in the environment due to human activities such as electroplating, alloy production, stainless steel, Ni‑cadmium batteries and industrial production. Ni enriched in humans and animals through food chains, poses a serious health threat. Txnrd3, as a member of the thioredoxin reductase family, has long been thought to be testicular specific and involved in sperm maturation. However, its role in liver diseases still unknown. Melatonin exerts its antioxidant effects directly through its ability to clear free radicals and protects the liver from oxidative damage. Hepatic fibrosis with an ever-increasing incidence year by year, is correlating with outcome and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 60 8-week-old male C57BL/6 wild-type mice and 60 Txnrd3-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups, respectively. Control group was gavaged with distilled water, 10 mg/kg NiCl2 in Ni group, Ni + Mel group treated with 2 mg/kg melatonin in the morning, 10 mg/kg NiCl2 in the afternoon, serum and tissue was extracted after 21 days. KEY FINDINGS Results showed that liver function was significantly worse after Ni exposure, morphological and masson staining showed more significant liver fibrosis in Txnrd3-/- mice, damage of organelles in hepatocytes was observed. qPCR and WB results showed activation of the IRE1/Nuclear factor-kappa B/NLRP3 axis during Ni exposure lead to hepatocyte pyroptosis, while upregulation of PERK/TGF-β promoted liver fibrosis process and Txnrd3 knockout exacerbated liver damage during Ni exposure. SIGNIFICANCE The above results will lay the theoretical foundation for the monitoring and clinical treatment of Ni exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yue Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Senqiu Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jingzeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Arjunan A, Sah DK, Jung YD, Song J. Hepatic Encephalopathy and Melatonin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050837. [PMID: 35624703 PMCID: PMC9137547 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe metabolic syndrome linked with acute/chronic hepatic disorders. HE is also a pernicious neuropsychiatric complication associated with cognitive decline, coma, and death. Limited therapies are available to treat HE, which is formidable to oversee in the clinic. Thus, determining a novel therapeutic approach is essential. The pathogenesis of HE has not been well established. According to various scientific reports, neuropathological symptoms arise due to excessive accumulation of ammonia, which is transported to the brain via the blood–brain barrier (BBB), triggering oxidative stress and inflammation, and disturbing neuronal-glial functions. The treatment of HE involves eliminating hyperammonemia by enhancing the ammonia scavenging mechanism in systemic blood circulation. Melatonin is the sole endogenous hormone linked with HE. Melatonin as a neurohormone is a potent antioxidant that is primarily synthesized and released by the brain’s pineal gland. Several HE and liver cirrhosis clinical studies have demonstrated impaired synthesis, secretion of melatonin, and circadian patterns. Melatonin can cross the BBB and is involved in various neuroprotective actions on the HE brain. Hence, we aim to elucidate how HE impairs brain functions, and elucidate the precise molecular mechanism of melatonin that reverses the HE effects on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Arjunan
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.D.J.); (J.S.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2706 (J.S.)
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea;
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 Seoyangro, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.D.J.); (J.S.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2706 (J.S.)
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Akhzari M, Barazesh M, Jalili S. Melatonin as an antioxidant agent in disease prevention: A biochemical focus. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178619666220325124451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
In the recent years, free radicals and oxidative stress have been found to be associated with aging, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. Confirming the role of oxidants in numerous pathological situations including cancer, developing antioxidants as therapeutic platforms is needed. It has been well established that melatonin and its derived metabolites function as endogenous free-radical scavengers and broad spectrum antioxidants. To achieve this function, melatonin can directly detoxify reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species and indirectly overexpress antioxidant enzymes while suppressing the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes. Many investigations have also confirmed the role of melatonin and its derivatives in different physiological processes and therapeutic functions such as controlling the circadian rhythm and immune functions. This review aimed to focus on melatonin as a beneficial agent for the stimulation of antioxidant enzymes and inhibition of lipid peroxidation and to evaluate its contribution to protection against oxidative damages. In addition, the clinical application of melatonin in several diseases is discussed. Finally, the safety and efficacy of melatonin in clinical backgrounds is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Akhzari
- School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barazesh
- School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Sajad Jalili
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz, Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Pivonello C, Negri M, Patalano R, Amatrudo F, Montò T, Liccardi A, Graziadio C, Muscogiuri G, Pivonello R, Colao A. The role of melatonin in the molecular mechanisms underlying metaflammation and infections in obesity: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13390. [PMID: 34861097 PMCID: PMC9285339 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic condition whose management is a critical challenge for physicians. The scientific community has increased its focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in obesity etiopathogenesis to better manage patients with obesity and its associated complications. The tight connection between adipose tissue and the immune system has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in inflammation, and melatonin is important for circadian rhythm regulation and metabolic homeostasis, in which it orchestrates several molecular mechanisms involved in obesity and associated inflammation. Melatonin also regulates innate and adaptive immunity; its antioxidant properties are linked to reduced predisposition to infection and weight gain in patients with obesity through the modulation of the immune response, which has a significant beneficial effect on inflammation and, consequently, on the metabolic state. Low melatonin levels have been linked to obesity, and melatonin supplementation can reduce body weight, improve metabolic profile, and ameliorate immune responses and pro-inflammatory stimuli. The role of melatonin in obesity is mainly related to improved oxidative stress signaling, modulation of adipokine secretion, and a switching from white-to-brown adipose tissue phenotype and activity. Moreover, the role of melatonin in obesity modulation by controlling circadian rhythm has recently emerged as a pivotal mechanism for lipid and glucose metabolism dysfunction in adipose, muscle, and liver tissues. Melatonin may also regulate the immune system by acting directly on thymus morphology and activity as well as by modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory states during infections. The tight association between melatonin and immune response regulation is coordinated by Toll-like receptors, which are rhythmically expressed during the day. Their expression may be strongly modulated by melatonin as their signaling is highly inhibited by melatonin. The current review summarizes studies of melatonin-induced mechanisms involved in infection regulation, particularly the modulation of obesity-associated inflammation and systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Negri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Patalano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Feliciana Amatrudo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Tatiana Montò
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Liccardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Graziadio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy.,UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Sohrabi M, Ajdarkosh H, Gholami A, Amirkalali B, Mansorian MR, Aten S, Sohrabi M, Nasiri-Toosi M, Zamani F, Keyvani H. Association between Melatonin Value and Interleukins1B, -18, and -33 Levels in Patients with Different Stages of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Middle East J Dig Dis 2022; 14:110-117. [PMID: 36619722 PMCID: PMC9489333 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2022.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Interaction between immune modulators and inflammatory factors is considered as one of the main underlying pathologies of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hence we aimed to assess the association between these cytokines and melatonin. METHODS: We enrolled adult patients diagnosed with fatty liver by ultrasonography in a crosssectional study. All of them underwent Fibroscan evaluation. The subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for NAFLD were involved. A normal group who did not have NAFLD, viral or non-viral hepatitis, and without a history of pancreatobiliary surgery, bariatric surgery, and intake of any medication that influence the liver was also selected. The participants were categorized into the three following groups: 1) fibrosis>9.1 kPa and steatosis>290 dbm, 2) fibrosis: 6-9.0 kPa and steatosis 240-290 dbm, and 3) normal group with fibrosis<6.0 kPa and steatosis<240 dbm. Laboratory assessment and a questionnaire including demographic, anthropometric, laboratories, and clinical data were completed for each of them. RESULTS: Totally 97 subjects were enrolled in the present study. The mean age of the subjects was 42.2±11.3 years. 60% of them (59 patients) were female. Serum levels of melatonin, interleukin (IL)-1B, IL-18, and IL-33 increased according to the advancing of NAFLD state. Based on multiple linear regression model, melatonin was significantly associated with IL-1B (β=2.8, P<0.001,95% CI=1.41-4.19), IL-18 (β=0.018, P=0.0005, 95% CI=0.006-0.03), and IL-33 (β=0.31, P=0.045, 95% CI=0.008-0.62) after adjustment for other variables. CONCLUSION: Melatonin level has a strong association with these cytokines. This linkage probably influences on the development and progression of NAFLD. Therefore it can be hypothesized that the therapeutic approach that affects this process may have a significant impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoudreza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ajdarkosh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Bahreh Amirkalali
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Reza Mansorian
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Aten
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nasiri-Toosi
- Liver transplantation Research Center. Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Hossein Keyvani, MD Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Telefax:+98 21 82141633
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Protective effects of melatonin and L-carnitine against methotrexate-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 395:87-97. [PMID: 34821957 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effects of melatonin (MEL) and/or L-carnitine (L-CAR) against methotrexate (MTX)-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were prepared using collagenase techniques of perfusion and digestion of rat liver. Trypan blue uptake, as well as, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured. Caspase-3 activity was also assessed. Pre-incubation of hepatocytes with MEL (1 mM) and/or L-CAR (10 mM) 30 min prior to intoxication with MTX, significantly protected hepatocytes against toxicity. In addition, LPO, NO, TNF-α levels, and caspase-3 activity were decreased in comparison to the MTX-intoxicated group. Furthermore, the two drugs increased the MTX-depleted GSH level. MEL and L-CAR prevented MTX-induced hepatocytotoxicity, at least partly, by their antioxidative, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Further studies are recommended on the clinical pharmacologic and toxicologic effects of MEL and L-CAR in patients receiving MTX.
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Sohrabi M, Gholami A, Taheri M, Fekri S, Amirkalali B, Hatami S, Hajbaba M, Fallah Tolbar H, Aghili S, Zamani F, NasiriToosi M, Keyvani H. Melatonin Levels in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Compared with Healthy Individuals according to Fibrosis Level. Middle East J Dig Dis 2021; 13:109-114. [PMID: 34712448 PMCID: PMC8531920 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2021.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Studies have shown that melatonin, as a regulatory hormone, is effective in different cell protective pathways. We aimed to compare serum melatonin levels of patients with NAFLD with different stages of fibrosis with that of healthy individuals. METHODS In this cross-sectional study patients, aged >20 years with elevated serum liver enzymes and trance abdominal sonographic diagnosis of fatty liver who met the exclusion criteria for NAFLD were included. The participants were categorized into three groups as follows: 1) severe fibrosis (fibrosis > 9.1 kPa and steatosis > 285 dbm), 2) mild-moderate fibrosis (fibrosis: 6-9.0 kPa and steatosis 240-285), and 3) normal group with fibrosis < 5.8 kPa and steatosis < 240 dbm based on Fibroscan evaluation. Five ml of fasting venous blood was taken from each patient and the control group for laboratory assessment. A questionnaire including demographic, anthropometric, laboratories (serum ALT, AST, triglyceride, total cholesterol and melatonin level), and clinical data was completed for all participants. RESULTS 97 people with a mean±SD age of 42.21 ± 11 years were enrolled. 59 (60.0%) patients were women. we observed that the melatonin levels were increased by advancing fibrosis. Based on control- attenuated parameter results the melatonin levels significantly differed between the healthy individuals and patients with severe steatosis. There was a direct association between increased melatonin levels and liver enzymes. CONCLUSION As a regulatory hormone, melatonin may directly be associated with liver cell injuries. Therefore, considered regulatory substances such as melatonin either diagnostic or therapeutic can improve the patients’ outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoudreza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | | | | | - Bahare Amirkalali
- Gastrointestinal and liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sare Hatami
- Gastrointestinal and liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Hajbaba
- Gastrointestinal and liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Fallah Tolbar
- Gastrointestinal and liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheida Aghili
- Gastrointestinal and liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen NasiriToosi
- Liver transplantation Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Effect of exogenous melatonin on the antioxidant defense system in the liver and small intestine of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2021-6.4.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Due to the growing light pollution and the development of new territories, including northern ones, the search for drugs that increase the adaptive capacity of the organism is promising.The aim. We studied the effects of the exogenous melatonin (100 µg/day/animal) on antioxidant status of liver and small intestine in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) in the light conditions of North-West of Russia (Petrozavodsk, northern lighting – NL).Materials and methods. Female hamsters were exposed to a 12/12 light/dark cycle (LD; n = 12) or NL for 3 months. In NL light conditions hamsters were divided into two groups: NL-control (received placebo; n = 12) and NL-mel (received melatonin; n = 12). The study was conducted from the period of the summer solstice – June 25 (NL: 19.36/4.24) to September 25 (NL: 12/12) (autumn equinox).Results. Animals were kept in the NL conditions had decreased the levels of GSH and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase) at initial stage of experiment as well as increased TBA reactive substances (TBARS) level at the beginning and after a month of the experiment in the liver in comparison to control (LD). It was observed that in the small intestine the activities of SOD and the levels of GSH (initial and intermediate stages) and TBARS (end of the experiment) were significantly higher in NL in comparison to LD. Liver and small intestine TBARS concentrations after one and three months of the experiment were decreased in NL-mel in comparison to NL-control.Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the sensitivity of the antioxidant defense system in the tissues of the liver and small intestine of Syrian hamster to the photoperiod and exogenous melatonin. The present study revealed that exogenous melatonin was able to reduce the level of TBARS and increase the activity of SOD and CAT in the light conditions of North-West of Russia.
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A deep attention network via high-resolution representation for liver and liver tumor segmentation. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Yuan XQ, Zhang XM. Melatonin reduces inflammation in intestinal cells, organoids and intestinal explants. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1555-1564. [PMID: 34431007 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic and recurrent diseases that often occur in young people and place a heavy burden on public health in both developed and developing countries. Melatonin has been confirmed to be useful in various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, liver injuries and diseases, and cancers, while its role in IBDs remains unclear. To uncover the function of melatonin in IBDs, three intestinal models, including Caco-2 cells, 3D intestinal organoids and intestinal explants, were used. It was found that different concentrations of melatonin could significantly inhibit the expression levels of NFκB and its downstream cytokines, including IL6 and IL8 in Caco-2 cells (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01), 3D intestinal organoids (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01) and intestinal explants (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). Melatonin abolished the activation of LPS on the expression levels of NFκB, IL6, and IL8 in three intestinal models (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). Importantly, the roles of melatonin in the regulation of inflammation was dependent on its receptor (i.e., MTNR1), since it was found that silencing of the melatonin receptor (MTNR1A) abolished the reduction in inflammation induced by melatonin in Caco-2 cells (***P < 0.001) and 3D intestinal organoids (***P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001). Herein, the findings in this study might provide useful information for understanding the pathogenesis of IBDs and developing novel drugs to treat the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Yuan
- Department of Trauma, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, No. 27, Wenhua Road, Lubei District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Xu-Ming Zhang
- Anorectal Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China.
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40
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Wang D, Yu H, Li Y, Xu Z, Shi S, Dou D, Sun L, Zheng Z, Shi X, Deng X, Zhong X. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of the hepatoprotective effect of melatonin on ANIT-induced cholestasis in rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1014. [PMID: 34373700 PMCID: PMC8343461 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of melatonin on cholestatic liver injury have received widespread attention recently. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of the anti-cholestatic effects of melatonin against α-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced liver injury in rats and to screen for potential biomarkers of cholestasis through isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics. Rats orally received melatonin (100 mg/kg body weight) or an equivalent volume of 0.25% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt 12 h after intraperitoneal injection of ANIT (75 mg/kg) and were subsequently sacrificed at 36 h after injection. Liver biochemical indices were determined and liver tissue samples were stained using hematoxylin-eosin staining, followed by iTRAQ quantitative proteomics to identify potential underlying therapeutic mechanisms and biomarkers. The results suggested that the expression levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were reduced in the rats treated with melatonin. Histopathological observation indicated that melatonin was effective in the treatment of ANIT-induced cholestasis. iTRAQ proteomics results suggested that melatonin-mediated reduction in ANIT-induced cholestasis may be associated with enhanced antioxidant function and relieving abnormal fatty acid metabolism. According to pathway enrichment analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, the major metabolic pathways for the metabolism of melatonin are fatty acid degradation, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, chemical carcinogenesis, carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis and retinol metabolism, as well as drug metabolism via cytochrome P450. Malate dehydrogenase 1 and glutathione S-transferase Yb-3 may serve as potential targets in the treatment of ANIT-induced cholestasis with melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingnan Wang
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Han Yu
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.,Formulas of Chinese Medicine, Basic Medical College of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhou Li
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zongying Xu
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Dou Dou
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lili Sun
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zhili Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xianggen Zhong
- Synopsis of Golden Chamber Department, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Estaras M, Gonzalez-Portillo MR, Fernandez-Bermejo M, Mateos JM, Vara D, Blanco-Fernandez G, Lopez-Guerra D, Roncero V, Salido GM, González A. Melatonin Induces Apoptosis and Modulates Cyclin Expression and MAPK Phosphorylation in Pancreatic Stellate Cells Subjected to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115555. [PMID: 34074034 PMCID: PMC8197391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In certain diseases of the pancreas, pancreatic stellate cells form an important part of fibrosis and are critical for the development of cancer cells. A hypoxic condition develops within the tumor, to which pancreatic stellate cells adapt and are able to proliferate. The consequence is the growth of the tumor. Melatonin, the product of the pineal gland, is gaining attention as an agent with therapeutic potential against pancreatic cancers. Its actions on tumor cells lead, in general, to a reduction in cell viability and proliferation. However, its effects on pancreatic stellate cells subjected to hypoxia are less known. In this study, we evaluated the actions of pharmacological concentrations of melatonin (1 mM–1 µM) on pancreatic stellate cells subjected to hypoxia. The results show that melatonin induced a decrease in cell viability at the highest concentrations tested. Similarly, the incorporation of BrdU into DNA was diminished by melatonin. The expression of cyclins A and D also was decreased in the presence of melatonin. Upon treatment of cells with melatonin, increases in the expression of major markers of ER stress, namely BIP, phospho-eIF2α and ATF-4, were detected. Modulation of apoptosis was noticed as an increase in caspase-3 activation. In addition, changes in the phosphorylated state of p44/42, p38 and JNK MAPKs were detected in cells treated with melatonin. A slight decrease in the content of α-smooth muscle actin was detected in cells treated with melatonin. Finally, treatment of cells with melatonin decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2, 3, 9 and 13. Our observations suggest that melatonin, at pharmacological concentrations, diminishes the proliferation of pancreatic stellate cells subjected to hypoxia through modulation of cell cycle, apoptosis and the activation of crucial MAPKs. Cellular responses might involve certain ER stress regulator proteins. In view of the results, melatonin could be taken into consideration as a potential therapeutic agent for pancreatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Estaras
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.E.); (M.R.G.-P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Manuel R. Gonzalez-Portillo
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.E.); (M.R.G.-P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Miguel Fernandez-Bermejo
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (J.M.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Jose M. Mateos
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (J.M.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Daniel Vara
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Pedro de Alcantara Hospital, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (J.M.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Gerardo Blanco-Fernandez
- Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, University Hospital, 06080 Badajoz, Spain; (G.B.-F.); (D.L.-G.)
| | - Diego Lopez-Guerra
- Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, University Hospital, 06080 Badajoz, Spain; (G.B.-F.); (D.L.-G.)
| | - Vicente Roncero
- Unit of Histology and Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain;
| | - Gines M. Salido
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.E.); (M.R.G.-P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Antonio González
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (M.E.); (M.R.G.-P.); (G.M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Investigation of the pathogenesis of alcoholism in humans using different methodological approaches has facilitated detection of important biological factors of consequent metabolic diseases, endocrine disorders, and other medical conditions, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy, alcoholic hypertension, heart and vascular lesions, alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic pancreatitis, etc. Alcohol abuse leads to damage to the nervous system, which can result in neurological and mental disorders, including alcoholic polyneuropathy, psychosis, and alcohol dementia. The complexity and versatility of the harmful effects of regular alcohol consumption on the human body can be considered in the perspective of a chronobiological approach, because alcohol is chronotoxic to biological processes. As a rhythm regulator, melatonin exerts a wide range of different effects: circadian rhythm regulation, thermoregulation, sleep induction, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-stress ones. This review presents from a chronobiological perspective the impact of melatonin on alcohol intoxication in terms of mental disorders, sleep and inflammation, hepatic injury, and mitochondrial function. It discusses the main clinical effects of melatonin on alcohol injury and the main targets as a therapy for alcohol disorders. Chronobiological effects of ethanol are related to melatonin suppression that has been associated with, among others, cancer risk. Exogenous melatonin seems to be a promising hepato- and immune-protector due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which in combination with other medicines makes it useful to prevent alcoholic organ damage. The reason for the scientific interest in melatonin as a treatment for alcoholism is obvious; the number of cases of this pathology that gives rise to metabolic syndrome, and its subsequent transformation into steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis, is increasing worldwide. Melatonin not only exerts antioxidant effects but it exerts various other effects contributing to the management of liver conditions. This review discusses the interaction between normal and pathological processes caused by alcohol consumption and the relationship between alcohol and melatonin in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Earth Science, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
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Bonmati-Carrion MA, Tomas-Loba A. Melatonin and Cancer: A Polyhedral Network Where the Source Matters. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020210. [PMID: 33535472 PMCID: PMC7912767 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is one of the most phylogenetically conserved signals in biology. Although its original function was probably related to its antioxidant capacity, this indoleamine has been “adopted” by multicellular organisms as the “darkness signal” when secreted in a circadian manner and is acutely suppressed by light at night by the pineal gland. However, melatonin is also produced by other tissues, which constitute its extrapineal sources. Apart from its undisputed chronobiotic function, melatonin exerts antioxidant, immunomodulatory, pro-apoptotic, antiproliferative, and anti-angiogenic effects, with all these properties making it a powerful antitumor agent. Indeed, this activity has been demonstrated to be mediated by interfering with various cancer hallmarks, and different epidemiological studies have also linked light at night (melatonin suppression) with a higher incidence of different types of cancer. In 2007, the World Health Organization classified night shift work as a probable carcinogen due to circadian disruption, where melatonin plays a central role. Our aim is to review, from a global perspective, the role of melatonin both from pineal and extrapineal origin, as well as their possible interplay, as an intrinsic factor in the incidence, development, and progression of cancer. Particular emphasis will be placed not only on those mechanisms related to melatonin’s antioxidant nature but also on the recently described novel roles of melatonin in microbiota and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Bonmati-Carrion
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, 28090 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.-A.B.-C.); (A.T.-L.)
| | - Antonia Tomas-Loba
- Circadian Rhythm and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Physiology, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.-A.B.-C.); (A.T.-L.)
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Almeida LL, Pitombeira GSGN, Teixeira ÁAC, Teixeira VW, Silva Júnior VA, Vieira Filho LD, Evêncio Neto J. Protective effect of melatonin against herbicides-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1-10. [PMID: 33613967 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the herbicides Paraquat and Roundup® may cause cell lesions due to an increase in oxidative stress levels in different biological systems, even in the liver. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of melatonin on liver of rats exposed to herbicides. A total of 35 rats were randomly divided into seven equal-sized groups: control, Paraquat, Roundup®, Paraquat + Roundup®, Paraquat + melatonin, Roundup® + melatonin, and Paraquat + Roundup® + melatonin. Samples of blood and hepatic tissue were collected at the end of the seventh day of exposure and treatment with melatonin. Body weight, hematological parameters, and histopathological, biochemical analyses and determination of oxidative stress levels in liver were evaluated. Body weight was compromised (P < 0.01). Alterations of hematologic parameters were significant when compared to control (P < 0.001). Biochemically, serum levels of albumin decreased (P < 0.001), but serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase increased (P < 0.001). Histopathology revealed necrotic hepatocytes, portal and central-lobular inflammatory infiltrate, congestion of capillaries. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were found to be significantly elevated (P < 0.05; P < 0.001), and serum level of reduced glutathione was significantly lower (P < 0.05; P < 0.001). The groups treated concomitantly with melatonin revealed results similar to those of the control. However, melatonin acted as a protective agent for the liver against experimentally induced hepatic toxicity, promoting prevention of body weight, oxidative stress, and normalization of hematological and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lécio Leone Almeida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luís 1161, Pimenta, Crato, CE 63105-000, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Silva Girão Nobre Pitombeira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Diversity and Natural Resources, Regional University of Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luís 1161, Pimenta, Crato, CE 63105-000, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Aguiar Coelho Teixeira
- Department of Animal Physiology and Morfology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Manuel de Medeiros s/n° Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Valéria Wanderley Teixeira
- Department of Animal Physiology and Morfology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Manuel de Medeiros s/n° Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Valdemiro Amaro Silva Júnior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Manuel de Medeiros s/n° Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Leucio Duarte Vieira Filho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. da Engenharia Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Evêncio Neto
- Department of Animal Physiology and Morfology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Manuel de Medeiros s/n° Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
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Esmaeili A, Nassiri Toosi M, Taher M, Merat S, Bayani J, Fruzan Karimian Z, Esmaeili A, Moazzami B, Namazi S. A Pilot Randomized, Clinical Trial of the Anti-pruritus Effect of Melatonin in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:462-472. [PMID: 34567175 PMCID: PMC8457711 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112942.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pruritus is one of the disturbing complications induced by chronic liver disease (CLD), bearing a negative impact on patient quality of life and potentially resulting in early liver transplants. Given the main role of the autotaxin enzyme in pruritus induced by CLD and the suppressive effects of melatonin on the expression of the autotaxin gene, this study was designed to evaluate the antipruritic effect of melatonin in patients with CLD. A double-blind, cross-over, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial was conducted on patients with CLD -induced pruritis. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups where they received melatonin 10-mg at night or placebo for 2 weeks. After a 2-week washout period, patients were then crossed over to the other group. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the 12-Item Pruritus Severity Score (12-PSS) were used to assess patient response to therapy as the co-primary outcomes, while liver function tests were assayed too. Forty patients completed the study. The VAS score showed alleviation of 3.21 ± 2.24 (in pruritus) with melatonin (p-value <0.05). The study goal (a reduction of at least 20% in VAS) was achieved in 33 (82%) of study participants. In patients who received melatonin, the 12-PSS and Body Surface Area (BSA) affected by pruritus decreased on average 46.57% and 51.71%, respectively, with mood, sleep pattern and daily activity levels also demonstrating significant improvement (p-value < 0.05). Melatonin was found to be effective for managing pruritus in patients with CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Esmaeili
- Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohssen Nassiri Toosi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Merat
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaleh Bayani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Fruzan Karimian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aysan Esmaeili
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bobak Moazzami
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soha Namazi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, school of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pourhanifeh MH, Mehrzadi S, Hosseinzadeh A. Melatonin and regulation of miRNAs: novel targeted therapy for cancerous and noncancerous disease. Epigenomics 2020; 13:65-81. [PMID: 33350862 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs, small noncoding RNAs with crucial diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, play essential therapeutic roles in different human diseases. These biomarkers are involved in several biological mechanisms and are responsible for the regulation of multiple genes expressions in cells. miRNA-based therapy has shown a very bright future in the case of clinical interventions. Melatonin, the main product of the pineal gland, is a multifunctional neurohormone with numerous therapeutic potentials in human diseases. Melatonin is able to regulate miRNAs in different pathologies such as malignant and nonmalignant diseases, which can be considered as a novel kind of targeted therapy. Herein, this review discusses possible therapeutic utility of melatonin for the regulation of miRNAs in various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Genario R, Cipolla-Neto J, Bueno AA, Santos HO. Melatonin supplementation in the management of obesity and obesity-associated disorders: A review of physiological mechanisms and clinical applications. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105254. [PMID: 33080320 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the evolving advances in clinical approaches to obesity and its inherent comorbidities, the therapeutic challenge persists. Among several pharmacological tools already investigated, recent studies suggest that melatonin supplementation could be an efficient therapeutic approach in the context of obesity. In the present review, we have amalgamated the evidence so far available on physiological effects of melatonin supplementation in obesity therapies, addressing its effects upon neuroendocrine systems, cardiometabolic biomarkers and body composition. Most studies herein appraised employed melatonin supplementation at dosages ranging from 1 to 20 mg/day, and most studies followed up participants for periods from 3 weeks to 12 months. Overall, it was observed that melatonin plays an important role in glycaemic homeostasis, in addition to modulation of white adipose tissue activity and lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial activity. Additionally, melatonin increases brown adipose tissue volume and activity, and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have also been demonstrated. There appears to be a role for melatonin in adiposity reduction; however, several questions remain unanswered, for example melatonin baseline levels in obesity, and whether any seeming hypomelatonaemia or melatonin irresponsiveness could be clarifying factors. Supplementation dosage studies and more thorough clinical trials are needed to ascertain not only the relevance of such findings but also the efficacy of melatonin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Genario
- School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allain A Bueno
- College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Huang M, Zhao Q, Ye Z, Xu D, Tang S, Jiang T. Development of a novel melatonin-modified near-infrared fluorescent probe for in vivo hepatocellular carcinoma imaging. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:4556-4561. [PMID: 33001063 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy worldwide with poor prognosis. The early identification and precise resection of HCC are essential for improving the prognosis and overall survival of patients. In clinical practice, fluorescence imaging is a powerful technology to identify and remove HCC lesions, but accurate and reliable detection of HCC continues to remain a challenge due to non-specificity and false-positive uptake of probes. To circumvent these problems, it is crucial to design a specific probe for the accurate detection of HCC. Herein, we reported the design and synthesis of an NIR fluorescent probe by conjugating IRDye800CW with melatonin, which plays a significant role in the HCC development. The in vivo imaging revealed that IRDye800-MT was uptake specifically by the HCC tumor with a high tumor-to-background ratio. These results demonstrated that IRDye800-MT might hold clinical potentials for future diagnosis of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.
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Arafa A, Eshak ES, Iso H, Muraki I, Tamakoshi A. Night Work, Rotating Shift Work and the Risk of Cancer in Japanese Men and Women: the JACC Study. J Epidemiol 2020; 31:585-592. [PMID: 32801280 PMCID: PMC8593580 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited epidemiological evidence has suggested a positive relationship between night shift work and the risk of cancer. Herein, we investigated the prospective association between different forms of work schedule and the risk of numerous cancers and all-cause cancer among Japanese men and women. Methods This cohort study included 45,390 working men and women aged 40–79 years and registered in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study). The Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident cancer among those who reported engagement in night work and rotating shift work for their longest occupations compared with day work. Results Within a median follow-up duration of 14.2 years, 2,283 (9.4%) men and 1,309 (4.5%) women developed cancer. Among men, rotating shift work was significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer (HR 2.47; 95% CI, 1.42–4.31) and decreased risk of liver cancer (HR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.30–0.98). Also, rotating shift work tended to be associated with the increased risk of prostate cancer (HR 1.42; 95% CI, 0.95–2.12). Night work and rotating shift work were not related to the risk of all-cause cancer in either sex. Conclusion Rotating shift work might contribute to the increased risk of esophageal cancer and prostate cancer and the decreased risk of liver cancer among Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University
| | - Ehab S Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Isao Muraki
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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Comparing the renoprotective effects of the antioxidants melatonin, vitamin D and vitamin E in diabetic rats. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:351-357. [PMID: 33132806 PMCID: PMC7564901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Diabetes mellitus is associated with oxidative stress that leads to inflammation and diabetic nephropathy. This study aimed to determine the possible renoprotective effects of the antioxidants melatonin, vitamin D and vitamin E in diabetic rats. Methods We divided 108 albino rats into 12 groups. G1 group was fed a normal diet and did not receive any medication. G2 to G4 consisted of non-diabetic rats that were treated as follows: G2 with melatonin; G3 with vitamin E; G4 with vitamin D. Groups G5 to G12 consisted of diabetic rats that were treated as follows: G5 received no medication; G6 treated with insulin; G7 treated with melatonin; G8 treated with melatonin and insulin; G9 treated with vitamin E; G10 treated with vitamin E and insulin; G11 treated with vitamin D and G12 treated with vitamin D and insulin. Two months after treatment commenced, histological and biochemical examinations of glucose profile, oxidative stress status, renal function, homocysteine and TNF-α were performed. Results Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increased significantly in groups G2, 7, 8, 10 and 11. TNF-α significantly increased in G2, but decreased in all other groups. Creatinine increased significantly in groups G5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 12. In the kidneys of the diabetic rats, thickened capillary basement membrane, diffuse mesangial sclerosis and nodular glomerulosclerosis was observed. Rats treated with melatonin showed marked improvement in these symptoms. However, in those treated with vitamin D and E, thickened capillary basement membrane and mesangial sclerosis was still present. Conclusions Melatonin, administered either with or without insulin had a significant biochemical antioxidant effect and histological renoprotective effect. Conversely, vitamin D and E did not appear to have any effects on the parameters measured.
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