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Gardner OFW, Bai T, Baillie GS, Ferretti P. Phosphodiesterase 4D activity in acrodysostosis-associated neural pathology: too much or too little? Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae225. [PMID: 38983619 PMCID: PMC11232698 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme family regulate the availability of the secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and, by doing so, control cellular processes in health and disease. In particular, PDE4D has been associated with Alzheimer's disease and the intellectual disability seen in fragile X syndrome. Furthermore, single point mutations in critical PDE4D regions cause acrodysostosis type 2(ACRDYS2, also referred to as inactivating PTH/PTHrP signalling disorder 5 or iPPSD5), where intellectual disability is seen in ∼90% of patients alongside the skeletal dysmorphologies that are characteristic of acrodysostosis type 1 (ACRDYS1/iPPSD4) and ACRDYS2. Two contrasting mechanisms have been proposed to explain how mutations in PDE4D cause iPPSD5. The first mechanism, the 'over-activation hypothesis', suggests that cAMP/PKA (cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A) signalling is reduced by the overactivity of mutant PDE4D, whilst the second, the 'over-compensation hypothesis' suggests that mutations reduce PDE4D activity. That reduction in activity is proposed to cause an increase in cellular cAMP, triggering the overexpression of other PDE isoforms. The resulting over-compensation then reduces cellular cAMP and the levels of cAMP/PKA signalling. However, neither of these proposed mechanisms accounts for the fine control of PDE activation and localization, which are likely to play a role in the development of iPPSD5. This review will draw together our understanding of the role of PDE4D in iPPSD5 and present a novel perspective on possible mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver F W Gardner
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Tianshu Bai
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - George S Baillie
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Patrizia Ferretti
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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2
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Schepers M, Hendrix S, Mussen F, van Breedam E, Ponsaerts P, Lemmens S, Hellings N, Ricciarelli R, Fedele E, Bruno O, Brullo C, Prickaerts J, Van Broeckhoven J, Vanmierlo T. Amelioration of functional and histopathological consequences after spinal cord injury through phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibition. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00372. [PMID: 38760316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-changing event that severely impacts the patient's quality of life. Modulating neuroinflammation, which exacerbates the primary injury, and stimulating neuro-regenerative repair mechanisms are key strategies to improve functional recovery. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger crucially involved in both processes. Following SCI, intracellular levels of cAMP are known to decrease over time. Therefore, preventing cAMP degradation represents a promising strategy to suppress inflammation while stimulating regeneration. Intracellular cAMP levels are controlled by its hydrolyzing enzymes phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The PDE4 family is most abundantly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and its inhibition has been shown to be therapeutically relevant for managing SCI pathology. Unfortunately, the use of full PDE4 inhibitors at therapeutic doses is associated with severe emetic side effects, hampering their translation toward clinical applications. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effect of inhibiting specific PDE4 subtypes (PDE4B and PDE4D) on inflammatory and regenerative processes following SCI, as inhibitors selective for these subtypes have been demonstrated to be well-tolerated. We reveal that administration of the PDE4D inhibitor Gebr32a, even when starting 2 dpi, but not the PDE4B inhibitor A33, improved functional as well as histopathological outcomes after SCI, comparable to results obtained with the full PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast. Furthermore, using a luminescent human iPSC-derived neurospheroid model, we show that PDE4D inhibition stabilizes neural viability by preventing apoptosis and stimulating neuronal differentiation. These findings strongly suggest that specific PDE4D inhibition offers a novel therapeutic approach for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Schepers
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; University MS Centre (UMSC) Hasselt - Pelt, Belgium
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Femke Mussen
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Elise van Breedam
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Lemmens
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- University MS Centre (UMSC) Hasselt - Pelt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Roberta Ricciarelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genoa, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Genova, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ernesto Fedele
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16100 Genoa, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Olga Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Peitho Translational, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jana Van Broeckhoven
- University MS Centre (UMSC) Hasselt - Pelt, Belgium; Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, the Netherlands; University MS Centre (UMSC) Hasselt - Pelt, Belgium.
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Li Q, Liao Q, Qi S, Huang H, He S, Lyu W, Liang J, Qin H, Cheng Z, Yu F, Dong X, Wang Z, Han L, Han Y. Opportunities and perspectives of small molecular phosphodiesterase inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116386. [PMID: 38614063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is a superfamily of enzymes that are responsible for the hydrolysis of two second messengers: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). PDE inhibition promotes the gene transcription by activating cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), initiating gene transcription of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The procedure exerts neuroprotective profile, and motor and cognitive improving efficacy. From this point of view, PDE inhibition will provide a promising therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we summarized the PDE inhibitors that have entered the clinical trials or been discovered in recent five years. Well-designed clinical or preclinical investigations have confirmed the effectiveness of PDE inhibitors, such as decreasing Aβ oligomerization and tau phosphorylation, alleviating neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress, modulating neuronal plasticity and improving long-term cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Shandong Kangqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shulei Qi
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Weiping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Jinxin Liang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huan Qin
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zimeng Cheng
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 256699, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lingfei Han
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yantao Han
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, PR China.
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Schepers M, Vanmierlo T. Novel insights in phosphodiesterase 4 subtype inhibition to target neuroinflammation and stimulate remyelination. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:493-494. [PMID: 37721269 PMCID: PMC10581562 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Schepers
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt – Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt – Pelt, Hasselt, Belgium
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Yeh CY, Cai HY, Kuo HH, Lin YY, He ZJ, Cheng HC, Yang CJ, Huang CYF, Chang YC. ALDOA coordinates PDE3A through the β-catenin/ID3 axis to stimulate cancer metastasis and M2 polarization in lung cancer with EGFR mutations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 696:149489. [PMID: 38244313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer has a high incidence rate and requires more effective treatment strategies and drug options for clinical patients. EGFR is a common genetic alteration event in lung cancer that affects patient survival and drug strategy. Our study discovered aberrant aldolase A (ALDOA) expression and dysfunction in lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations. In addition to investigating relevant metabolic processes like glucose uptake, lactate production, and ATPase activity, we examined multi-omics profiles (transcriptomics, proteomics, and pull-down assays). It was observed that phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) enzyme and ALDOA exhibit correlation, and furthermore, they impact M2 macrophage polarization through β-catenin and downstream ID3. In addition to demonstrating the aforementioned mechanism of action, our experiments discovered that the PDE3 inhibitor trequinsin has a substantial impact on lung cancer cell lines with EGFR mutants. The trequinsin medication was found to decrease the M2 macrophage polarization status and several cancer phenotypes, in addition to transduction. These findings have potential prognostic and therapeutic applications for clinical patients with EGFR mutation and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei Yu Cai
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-His Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Jing He
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chen Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Sadeghi MA, Hemmati S, Yousefi-Manesh H, Foroutani L, Nassireslami E, Yousefi Zoshk M, Hosseini Y, Abbasian K, Dehpour AR, Chamanara M. Cilostazol pretreatment prevents PTSD-related anxiety behavior through reduction of hippocampal neuroinflammation. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:133-144. [PMID: 37382600 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Current pharmacological treatments against post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) lack adequate efficacy. As a result, intense research has focused on identifying other molecular pathways mediating the pathogenesis of this condition. One such pathway is neuroinflammation, which has demonstrated a role in PTSD pathogenesis by causing synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death, and functional impairment in the hippocampus. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors (PDEIs) have emerged as promising therapeutic agents against neuroinflammation in other neurological conditions. Furthermore, PDEIs have shown some promise in animal models of PTSD. However, the current model of PTSD pathogenesis, which is based on dysregulated fear learning, implies that PDE inhibition in neurons should enhance the acquisition of fear memory from the traumatic event. As a result, we hypothesized that PDEIs may improve PTSD symptoms through inhibiting neuroinflammation rather than long-term potentiation-related mechanisms. To this end, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of PDE3, on PTSD-related anxiety symptoms in the underwater trauma model of PTSD. PDE3 is expressed much more richly in microglia and astrocytes compared to neurons in the murine brain. Furthermore, we used hippocampal indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) expression and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) concentration as indicators of neuroinflammation. We observed that cilostazol pretreatment prevented the development of anxiety symptoms and the increase in hippocampal IDO and IL-1β following PTSD induction. As a result, PDE3 inhibition ameliorated the neuroinflammatory processes involved in the development of PTSD symptoms. Therefore, cilostazol and other PDEIs may be promising candidates for further investigation as pharmacological therapies against PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Sadeghi
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hemmati
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Yousefi-Manesh
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Foroutani
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nassireslami
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi Zoshk
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pediatrics, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Hosseini
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kourosh Abbasian
- Management and Health Economics Department, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Toxicology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Haroun EA, Mansour NO, Eltantawy A, Shams MEE. Effect of cilostazol on preventing paclitaxel-induced neuropathy in patients with breast cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Pharmacotherapy 2023; 43:872-882. [PMID: 37199288 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is a significant clinical problem can markedly deteriorate patient's quality of life (QoL). Preclinical evidence exists about the preventive capacity of cilostazol against peripheral neuropathy. However, this hypothesis has not yet been clinically investigated. This proof-of-concept study evaluated the effect of cilostazol on the incidence of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer. DESIGN This is a parallel randomized placebo-controlled trial. SETTING The Oncology Center at Mansoura University, Egypt. PATIENTS Patients with breast cancer scheduled to receive paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 biweekly. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to either cilostazol group who received cilostazol tablets 100 mg BID, or to control group who received placebo instead. MEASUREMENTS The primary endpoint was the incidence of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy evaluated through common terminology criteria for adverse event (NCI-CTCAE) version 4. Secondary endpoints included assessment of the patient's QoL by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity (FACT-GOG-NTx) subscale. Exploratory outcome measures included changes in serum levels of biomarkers namely nerve growth factor (NGF), and neurofilament light chain (NfL). MAIN RESULTS The incidence of grade 2 and 3 peripheral neuropathies were significantly lower in the cilostazol group (40%) compared to the control group (86.7%) (p < 0.001). The incidence of clinically significant worsening in neuropathy-related QoL was higher in control group compared to the cilostazol group (p = 0.001). A higher percent increase from baseline in serum NGF was observed in the cilostazol group (p = 0.043). The circulating levels of NfL deemed comparable between the two arms at the end of the study (p = 0.593). CONCLUSION Adjunctive use of cilostazol is as a novel option that might reduce the incidence of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy and improve the patients' QoL. Future larger clinical trials are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa A Haroun
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Noha O Mansour
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Eltantawy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E E Shams
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Klotz L, Antel J, Kuhlmann T. Inflammation in multiple sclerosis: consequences for remyelination and disease progression. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:305-320. [PMID: 37059811 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the large number of immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive treatments available to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), treatment of the progressive phase of the disease has not yet been achieved. This lack of successful treatment approaches is caused by our poor understanding of the mechanisms driving disease progression. Emerging concepts suggest that a combination of persisting focal and diffuse inflammation within the CNS and a gradual failure of compensatory mechanisms, including remyelination, result in disease progression. Therefore, promotion of remyelination presents a promising intervention approach. However, despite our increasing knowledge regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating remyelination in animal models, therapeutic increases in remyelination remain an unmet need in MS, which suggests that mechanisms of remyelination and remyelination failure differ fundamentally between humans and demyelinating animal models. New and emerging technologies now allow us to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying remyelination failure in human tissue samples in an unprecedented way. The aim of this Review is to summarize our current knowledge regarding mechanisms of remyelination and remyelination failure in MS and in animal models of the disease, identify open questions, challenge existing concepts, and discuss strategies to overcome the translational roadblock in the field of remyelination-promoting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jack Antel
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Québec, Canada.
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Neuronal lack of PDE7a disrupted working memory, spatial learning, and memory but facilitated cued fear memory in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110655. [PMID: 36220621 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PDEs regulate cAMP levels which is critical for PKA activity-dependent activation of CREB-mediated transcription in learning and memory. Inhibitors of PDEs like PDE4 and Pde7 improve learning and memory in rodents. However, the role of PDE7 in cognition or learning and memory has not been reported yet. METHODS Therefore, we aimed to explore the cognitive effects of a PDE7 subtype, PDE7a, using combined pharmacological and genetic approaches. RESULTS PDE7a-nko mice showed deficient working memory, impaired novel object recognition, deficient spatial learning & memory, and contextual fear memory, contrary to enhanced cued fear memory, highlighting the potential opposite role of PDE7a in the hippocampal neurons. Further, pharmacological inhibition of PDE7 by AGF2.20 selectively strengthens cued fear memory in C57BL/6 J mice, decreasing its extinction but did not affect cognitive processes assessed in other behavioral tests. The further biochemical analysis detected deficient cAMP in neural cell culture with genetic excision of the PDE7a gene, as well as in the hippocampus of PDE7a-nko mice in vivo. Importantly, we found overexpression of PKA-R and the reduced level of pPKA-C in the hippocampus of PDE7a-nko mice, suggesting a novel mechanism of the cAMP regulation by PDE7a. Consequently, the decreased phosphorylation of CREB, CAMKII, eif2a, ERK, and AMPK, and reduced total level of NR2A have been found in the brain of PDE7a-nko animals. Notably, genetic excision of PDE7a in neurons was not able to change the expression of NR2B, BDNF, synapsin1, synaptophysin, or snap25. CONCLUSION Altogether, our current findings demonstrated, for the first time, the role of PDE7a in cognitive processes. Future studies will untangle PDE7a-dependent neurobiological and molecular-cellular mechanisms related to cAMP-associated disorders.
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Yanai S, Tago T, Toyohara J, Arasaki T, Endo S. Reversal of spatial memory impairment by phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol is associated with reduced neuroinflammation and increased cerebral glucose uptake in aged male mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1031637. [PMID: 36618932 PMCID: PMC9810637 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1031637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide second messenger 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3', 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) mediate fundamental functions of the brain, including learning and memory. Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) can hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP and appears to be involved in the regulation of their contents in cells. We previously demonstrated that long-term administration of cilostazol, a PDE3 inhibitor, maintained good memory performance in aging mice. Here, we report on studies aimed at determining whether cilostazol also reverses already-impaired memory in aged male mice. One month of oral 1.5% cilostazol administration in 22-month-old mice reversed age-related declines in hippocampus-dependent memory tasks, including the object recognition and the Morris water maze. Furthermore, cilostazol reduced neuroinflammation, as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining, and increased glucose uptake in the brain, as evidence by positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG). These results suggest that already-expressed memory impairment in aged male mice that depend on cyclic nucleotide signaling can be reversed by inhibition of PDE3. The reversal of age-related memory impairments may occur in the central nervous system, either through cilostazol-enhanced recall or strengthening of weak memories that otherwise may be resistant to recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Yanai
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Tago
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Toyohara
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Arasaki
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Shogo Endo,
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Bondarev AD, Attwood MM, Jonsson J, Chubarev VN, Tarasov VV, Liu W, Schiöth HB. Recent developments of phosphodiesterase inhibitors: Clinical trials, emerging indications and novel molecules. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1057083. [PMID: 36506513 PMCID: PMC9731127 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1057083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes, key regulator of the cyclic nucleotide signal transduction system, are long-established as attractive therapeutic targets. During investigation of trends within clinical trials, we have identified a particularly high number of clinical trials involving PDE inhibitors, prompting us to further evaluate the current status of this class of therapeutic agents. In total, we have identified 87 agents with PDE-inhibiting capacity, of which 85 interact with PDE enzymes as primary target. We provide an overview of the clinical drug development with focus on the current clinical uses, novel molecules and indications, highlighting relevant clinical studies. We found that the bulk of current clinical uses for this class of therapeutic agents are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), vascular and cardiovascular disorders and inflammatory skin conditions. In COPD, particularly, PDE inhibitors are characterised by the compliance-limiting adverse reactions. We discuss efforts directed to appropriately adjusting the dose regimens and conducting structure-activity relationship studies to determine the effect of structural features on safety profile. The ongoing development predominantly concentrates on central nervous system diseases, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and fragile X syndrome; notable advancements are being also made in mycobacterial infections, HIV and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Our analysis predicts the diversification of PDE inhibitors' will continue to grow thanks to the molecules in preclinical development and the ongoing research involving drugs in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey D. Bondarev
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Misty M. Attwood
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Jonsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Wen Liu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Helgi B. Schiöth,
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12
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Bechay KR, Abduljawad N, Latifi S, Suzuki K, Iwashita H, Carmichael ST. PDE2A Inhibition Enhances Axonal Sprouting, Functional Connectivity, and Recovery after Stroke. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8225-8236. [PMID: 36163142 PMCID: PMC9653274 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0730-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors have been safely and effectively used in the clinic and increase the concentration of intracellular cyclic nucleotides (cAMP/cGMP). These molecules activate downstream mediators, including the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which controls neuronal excitability and growth responses. CREB gain of function enhances learning and allocates neurons into memory engrams. CREB also controls recovery after stroke. PDE inhibitors are linked to recovery from neural damage and to stroke recovery in specific sites within the brain. PDE2A is enriched in cortex. In the present study, we use a mouse cortical stroke model in young adult and aged male mice to test the effect of PDE2A inhibition on functional recovery, and on downstream mechanisms of axonal sprouting, tissue repair, and the functional connectivity of neurons in recovering cortex. Stroke causes deficits in use of the contralateral forelimb, loss of axonal projections in cortex adjacent to the infarct, and functional disconnection of neuronal networks. PDE2A inhibition enhances functional recovery, increases axonal projections in peri-infarct cortex, and, through two-photon in vivo imaging, enhances the functional connectivity of motor system excitatory neurons. PDE2A inhibition after stroke does not have an effect on other aspects of tissue repair, such as angiogenesis, gliogenesis, neurogenesis, and inflammatory responses. These data suggest that PDE2A inhibition is an effective therapeutic approach for stroke recovery in the rodent and that it simultaneously enhances connectivity in peri-infarct neuronal populations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Inhibition of PDE2A enhances motor recovery, axonal projections, and functional connectivity of neurons in peri-infarct tissue. This represents an avenue for a pharmacological therapy for stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirollos Raouf Bechay
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Nora Abduljawad
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Shahrzad Latifi
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Kazunori Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwashita
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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13
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Kong G, Lee H, Vo TTT, Juang U, Kwon SH, Park J, Park J, Kim SH. Functional characteristics and research trends of PDE11A in human diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:298. [PMID: 35929507 PMCID: PMC9434997 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP and cGMP are important secondary messengers involved in cell regulation and metabolism driven by the G protein-coupled receptor. cAMP is converted via adenylyl cyclase (AC) and activates protein kinase A to phosphorylate intracellular proteins that mediate specific responses. cAMP signaling serves a role at multiple steps in tumorigenesis. The level of cAMP is increased in association with cancer cell formation through activation of AC-stimulatory G protein by mutation. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP to AMP and GMP. PDEs are composed of 11 families, and each can hydrolyze cAMP and cGMP or both cAMP and cGMP. PDEs perform various roles depending on their location and expression site, and are involved in several diseases, including male erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. PDE11A is the 11th member of the PDE family and is characterized by four splice variants with varying tissue expression and N-terminal regulatory regions. Among tissues, the expression of PDE11A was highest in the prostate, and it was also expressed in hepatic skeletal muscle, pituitary, pancreas and kidney. PDE11A is the first PDE associated with an adrenocortical tumor associated genetic condition. In several studies, three PDE11A mutations have been reported in patients with Cushing syndrome with primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease or isolated micronodular adrenocortical disease without other genetic defects. It has been reported that an increase in PDE11A expression affects the proliferation of glioblastoma and worsens patient prognosis. The present mini-review summarizes the location of PDE11A expression, the impact of structural differences and disease relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeyeong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy-Trang T Vo
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Uijin Juang
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Park
- Mitos Research Institute, Mitos Therapeutics Inc., Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Metabolic Syndrome and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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14
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Molecular Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Huntington's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061432. [PMID: 35740453 PMCID: PMC9219859 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disease described 150 years ago by George Huntington. The genetic defect was identified in 1993 to be an expanded CAG repeat on exon 1 of the huntingtin gene located on chromosome 4. In the following almost 30 years, a considerable amount of research, using mainly animal models or in vitro experiments, has tried to unravel the complex molecular cascades through which the transcription of the mutant protein leads to neuronal loss, especially in the medium spiny neurons of the striatum, and identified excitotoxicity, transcriptional dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, impaired proteostasis, altered axonal trafficking and reduced availability of trophic factors to be crucial contributors. This review discusses the pathogenic cascades described in the literature through which mutant huntingtin leads to neuronal demise. However, due to the ubiquitous presence of huntingtin, astrocytes are also dysfunctional, and neuroinflammation may additionally contribute to Huntington’s disease pathology. The quest for therapies to delay the onset and reduce the rate of Huntington’s disease progression is ongoing, but is based on findings from basic research.
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15
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Oh J, Bar-Or A. Emerging therapies to target CNS pathophysiology in multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:466-475. [PMID: 35697862 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape of multiple sclerosis (MS) has contributed to paradigm shifts in our understanding of the biological mechanisms that contribute to CNS injury and in treatment philosophies. Opportunities remain to further improve treatment of relapsing-remitting MS, but two major therapeutic gaps are the limiting of progressive disease mechanisms and the repair of CNS injury. In this Review, we provide an overview of selected emerging therapies that predominantly target processes within the CNS that are thought to be involved in limiting non-relapsing, progressive disease injury or promoting tissue repair. Among these, we consider agents that modulate adaptive and innate CNS-compartmentalized inflammation, which can be mediated by infiltrating immune cells and/or resident CNS cells, including microglia and astrocytes. We also discuss agents that target degenerative disease mechanisms, agents that might confer neuroprotection, and agents that create a more favourable environment for or actively contribute to oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation, remyelination and axonal regeneration. We focus on agents that are novel for MS, that are known to or are presumed to penetrate the CNS, and that have already entered early stages of development in MS clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics, and Multiple Sclerosis Division, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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16
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Zhu X, Li T, Hu E, Duan L, Zhang C, Wang Y, Tang T, Yang Z, Fan R. Proteomics Study Reveals the Anti-Depressive Mechanisms and the Compatibility Advantage of Chaihu-Shugan-San in a Rat Model of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:791097. [PMID: 35111057 PMCID: PMC8802092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chaihu-Shugan-San is a classical prescription to treat depression. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle, the 2 decomposed recipes in Chaihu-Shugan-San exert synergistic effects, including Shu Gan (stagnated Gan-Qi dispersion) and Rou Gan (Gan nourishment to alleviate pain). However, the specific mechanism of Chaihu-Shugan-San on depression and its compatibility rule remain to be explored. Objective: We aimed to explore the anti-depression mechanisms and analyze the advantage of TCM compatibility of Chaihu-Shugan-San. Methods: The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model was established. Antidepressant effects were evaluated by sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swimming test (FST). Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics of the hippocampus was used to obtain differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Bioinformatics analysis including Gene Ontology (GO), pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks was utilized to study the DEPs connections. At last, the achieved key targets were verified by western blotting. Results: Chaihu-Shugan-San increased weight gain and food intake, as well as exhibited better therapeutic effects including enhanced sucrose preference and extended immobility time when compared with its decomposed recipes. Proteomics showed Chaihu-Shugan-San, Shu Gan, and Rou Gan regulated 110, 12, and 407 DEPs, respectively. Compared with Shu Gan or Rou Gan alone, the expression of 22 proteins was additionally changed by Chaihu-Shugan-San treatment, whereas the expression of 323 proteins whose expression was changed by Shu Gan or Rou Gan alone were not changed by Chaihu-Shugan-San treatment. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that Chaihu-Shugan-San affected neurotransmitter’s release and transmission cycle (e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and acetylcholine). GABA release pathway is also targeted by the 22 DEPs. Unexpectedly, only 2 pathways were enriched by the 323 DEPs: Metabolism and Cellular responses to external stimuli. Lastly, the expression of Gad2, Vamp2, and Pde2a was verified by western blotting. Conclusions: Chaihu-Shugan-San treats depression via multiple targets and pathways, which may include regulations of 110 DEPs and some neurotransmitter’s transmission cycle. Compared with Shu Gan and Rou Gan, the 22 Chaihu-Shugan-San advanced proteins and the affected GABA pathway may be the advantages of Chaihu-Shugan-San compatibility. This research offers data and theory support for the clinical application of Chaihu-Shugan-San.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - En Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyu Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Haghighijoo Z, Zamani L, Moosavi F, Emami S. Therapeutic potential of quinazoline derivatives for Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113949. [PMID: 34742016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quinazolines are considered as a promising class of bioactive heterocyclic compounds with broad properties. Particularly, the quinazoline scaffold has an impressive role in the design and synthesis of new CNS-active drugs. The drug-like properties and pharmacological characteristics of quinazoline could lead to different drugs with various targets. Among CNS disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with memory loss, cognitive decline and language dysfunction. AD is a complex and multifactorial disease therefore, the need for finding multi-target drugs against this devastative disease is urgent. A literature survey revealed that quinazoline derivatives have diverse therapeutic potential for AD as modulators/inhibitors of β-amyloid, tau protein, cholinesterases, monoamine oxidases, and phosphodiesterases as well as other protective effects. Thus, we describe here the most relevant and recent studies about anti-AD agents with quinazoline structure which can further aid the development and discovery of new anti-AD agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Haghighijoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70504, USA
| | - Leila Zamani
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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18
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Shi J, Ma W, Tang H. Research progress of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease treatment. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 50:659-665. [PMID: 34986542 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a recurrent chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with unknown etiology and no effective treatment. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) regulates a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes by mediating the hydrolysis of intracellular second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. In recent years, a series of researches suggest that PDE inhibitors such as several PDE4 inhibitors, PDE5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil), PDE3 inhibitors (cilostazol), PDE9 inhibitor (PF-04447943) and PDE3/PDE4 double inhibitor (pumafentrine) have ameliorating effect on experimental colitis in animals. In clinical trials, PDE4 inhibitor apremilast showed more therapeutic advantage than tetomilast. This article reviews the recent research progress of PDE inhibitors in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Shi
- 3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wangqian Ma
- 3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huifang Tang
- 3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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19
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Warren R, Rich T, Leavesley S, Phan AV. A three-dimensional finite element model of cAMP signals. FORCES IN MECHANICS 2021; 4. [PMID: 35072121 PMCID: PMC8773462 DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2021.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Warren
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - T.C. Rich
- Center for Lung Biology & Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - S.J. Leavesley
- Center for Lung Biology & Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - A.-V. Phan
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Corresponding author. (A.-V. Phan)
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20
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Vasquez HE, Murlimanju BV, Shrivastava A, Durango-Espinosa YA, Joaquim AF, Garcia-Ballestas E, Moscote-Salazar LR, Agrawal A. Intracranial collateral circulation and its role in neurovascular pathology. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41984-020-00095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Collateral circulation is a vascular network which maintains the blood flow after the partial blockage of primary vascular pathways. This acts as potential vascular supplementary system and plays important role in the cerebral ischemia.
Main body
Collateral circulation has implications in the management especially related to cerebral endovascular treatment and thrombolytic therapy. It is considered as subsidiary network of vascular channels, which is highly variable. Insufficient arterial supply is due to the hemodynamic compromise because of thromboembolism. Apart from the collaterals, there is additional existence of a group of vessels known as venous collaterals. Their function is variable and they contribute to the augmentation of venous drainage in venous ischemias. Various pharmacological interventions are used to modulate the collaterals, these can prove to be a complementary alternative to the invasive intracerebral interventions.
Conclusions
The aim of this review article is to highlight the importance of cerebral collateral circulation and to discuss the various available pharmacological alternatives available and their current relevance in the management of various neurovascular pathologies.
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21
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Klein F, Sardi F, Machado MR, Ortega C, Comini MA, Pantano S. CUTie2: The Attack of the Cyclic Nucleotide Sensor Clones. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:629773. [PMID: 33778003 PMCID: PMC7991088 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.629773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of small molecules in living cells using genetically encoded FRET sensors has revolutionized our understanding of signaling pathways at the sub-cellular level. However, engineering fluorescent proteins and specific binding domains to create new sensors remains challenging because of the difficulties associated with the large size of the polypeptides involved, and their intrinsically huge conformational variability. Indeed, FRET sensors’ design still relies on vague structural notions, and trial and error combinations of linkers and protein modules. We recently designed a FRET sensor for the second messenger cAMP named CUTie (Cyclic nucleotide Universal Tag for imaging experiments), which granted sub-micrometer resolution in living cells. Here we apply a combination of sequence/structure analysis to produce a new-generation FRET sensor for the second messenger cGMP based on Protein kinase G I (PKGI), which we named CUTie2. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations achieved an exhaustive sampling of the relevant spatio-temporal coordinates providing a quasi-quantitative prediction of the FRET efficiency, as confirmed by in vitro experiments. Moreover, biochemical characterization showed that the cGMP binding module maintains virtually the same affinity and selectivity for its ligand thant the full-length protein. The computational approach proposed here is easily generalizable to other allosteric protein modules, providing a cost effective-strategy for the custom design of FRET sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Klein
- BioMolecular Simulation Group, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Sardi
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías R Machado
- BioMolecular Simulation Group, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Ortega
- Recombinant Protein Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Laboratory Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sergio Pantano
- BioMolecular Simulation Group, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Crous A, Abrahamse H. The Signalling Effects of Photobiomodulation on Osteoblast Proliferation, Maturation and Differentiation: A Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1570-1589. [PMID: 33686595 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation of osteoblasts is essential for maturation and mineralization of bone matrix. Ossification, the natural phase of bone-forming and hardening is a carefully regulated phase where deregulation of this process may result in insufficient or excessive bone mineralization or ectopic calcification. Osteoblasts can also be differentiated into osteocytes, populating short interconnecting passages within the bone matrix. Over the past few decades, we have seen a significant improvement in awareness and techniques using photobiomodulation (PBM) to stimulate cell function. One of the applications of PBM is the promotion of osteoblast proliferation and maturation. PBM research results on osteoblasts showed increased mitochondrial ATP production, increased osteoblast activity and proliferation, increased and pro-osteoblast expression in the presence of red and NIR radiation. Osteocyte differentiation was also accomplished using blue and green light, showing that different light parameters have various signalling effects. The current review addresses osteoblast function and control, a new understanding of PBM on osteoblasts and its therapeutic impact using various parameters to optimize osteoblast function that may be clinically important. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anine Crous
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
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23
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Jiang H, Zheng Y, Ni J, Xu Y. BAY 73-6691 Alters Neuron Plasticity and Phosphorylation of Tau Through Regulation of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate/Protein Kinase G/Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element-Binding Protein Pathway. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by cognitive and memory decline, accompanying with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) made of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and senile plaques (SP) accumulated by β-amyloid protein (Aβ).
BAY 73-6691, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-9 (PDE-9), can improve learning and memory of elderly rats. However, the effects of BAY 73-6691 on neuroapoptotic and neuroinflammatory events, as well as synaptic plasticity of differentiated PC12 cells are remain unclear. In this work, we screened
apoptotic cells induced by Aβ25-35 via flow cytometry. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 secreted by PC12 cells were estimated by ELISA kits. The levels of cGMP, PKG and CREB mediated by BAY 73-6691 were assessed. Moreover, we conducted western blots analysis
to evaluate the phosphorylation of tau and synaptic related proteins. Results showed that BAY 73-6691 could reduce Aβ25-35-triggered neuroapoptosis and neuroinflammation. Phosphorylation of tau was inhibited by BAY 73-6691, whereas sildenafil citrate (SC, an inhibitor
of cGMP) partially weakened the effect of BAY 73-6691. Additionally, synaptic plasticity restored by BAY 73-6691 was also suppressed via SC. Taken together, BAY 73-6691 exhibited neuro protective effects, and altered tau phosphorylation as well as synaptic related proteins through cGMP/PKG/CREB
pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ni
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
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Wang Y, Wagner KM, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Inhibition of the Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase as an Analgesic Strategy: A Review of Preclinical Evidence. J Pain Res 2021; 14:61-72. [PMID: 33488116 PMCID: PMC7814236 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s241893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complicated condition which causes substantial physical, emotional, and financial impacts on individuals and society. However, due to high cost, lack of efficacy and safety problems, current treatments are insufficient. There is a clear unmet medical need for safe, nonaddictive and effective therapies in the management of pain. Epoxy-fatty acids (EpFAs), which are natural signaling molecules, play key roles in mediation of both inflammatory and neuropathic pain sensation. However, their molecular mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) rapidly converts EpFAs into less bioactive fatty acid diols in vivo; therefore, inhibition of sEH is an emerging therapeutic target to enhance the beneficial effect of natural EpFAs. In this review, we will discuss sEH inhibition as an analgesic strategy for pain management and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Saglam E, Zırh S, Aktas CC, Muftuoglu SF, Bilginer B. Papaverine provides neuroprotection by suppressing neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the traumatic brain injury via RAGE- NF-<kappa>B pathway. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 352:577476. [PMID: 33476858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)- Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway may represent a new target for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of the study is to investigate effects of papaverine on secondary signaling mechanisms through this pathway in mice TBI model.Immunohistochemically, while the number of RAGE and NF- κB positive cells, apoptotic cells increased, the number of NeuN positive cells reduced in TBI.Papaverine reduced the number of RAGE positive cells on glia and the number of NF- κB positive cells on both neuron and glia. At the same time, it decreased the number of microglia labeled with P2RY12 increased due to TBI. It also increased the NeuN positive cells and mitigated the brain edema. Results of this study showed that papaverine reduced TBI- induced neuroinflammation and apoptosis, also provided neuroprotection via the RAGE- NF-κB signal path, which is one of the possible mechanisms in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Saglam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Selim Zırh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Cakir Aktas
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevda Fatma Muftuoglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcak Bilginer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Amin HS, Parikh PK, Ghate MD. Medicinal chemistry strategies for the development of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors - An update of recent progress. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113155. [PMID: 33581555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 10A is a member of Phosphodiesterase (PDE)-superfamily of the enzyme which is responsible for hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP to their inactive forms 5'-AMP and 5'-GMP, respectively. PDE10A is highly expressed in the brain, particularly in the putamen and caudate nucleus. PDE10A plays an important role in the regulation of localization, duration, and amplitude of the cyclic nucleotide signalling within the subcellular domain of these regions, and thereby modulation of PDE10A enzyme can give rise to a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of schizophrenia and other neurodegenerative disorders. Limitation of the conventional therapy of schizophrenia forced the pharmaceutical industry to move their efforts to develop a novel treatment approach with reduced side effects. In the past decade, considerable developments have been made in pursuit of PDE10A centric antipsychotic agents by several pharmaceutical industries due to the distribution of PDE10A in the brain and the ability of PDE10A inhibitors to mimic the effect of D2 antagonists and D1 agonists. However, no selective PDE10A inhibitor is currently available in the market for the treatment of schizophrenia. The present compilation concisely describes the role of PDE10A inhibitors in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders mainly in psychosis, the structure of PDE10A enzyme, key interaction of different PDE10A inhibitors with human PDE10A enzyme and recent medicinal chemistry developments in designing of safe and effective PDE10A inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia. The present compilation also provides useful information and future direction to bring further improvements in the discovery of PDE10A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh S Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382 481, Gujarat, India
| | - Palak K Parikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382 481, Gujarat, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Manjunath D Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382 481, Gujarat, India
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Rombaut B, Kessels S, Schepers M, Tiane A, Paes D, Solomina Y, Piccart E, Hove DVD, Brône B, Prickaerts J, Vanmierlo T. PDE inhibition in distinct cell types to reclaim the balance of synaptic plasticity. Theranostics 2021; 11:2080-2097. [PMID: 33500712 PMCID: PMC7797685 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapses are the functional units of the brain. They form specific contact points that drive neuronal communication and are highly plastic in their strength, density, and shape. A carefully orchestrated balance between synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning, i.e., the elimination of weak or redundant synapses, ensures adequate synaptic density. An imbalance between these two processes lies at the basis of multiple neuropathologies. Recent evidence has highlighted the importance of glia-neuron interactions in the synaptic unit, emphasized by glial phagocytosis of synapses and local excretion of inflammatory mediators. These findings warrant a closer look into the molecular basis of cell-signaling pathways in the different brain cells that are related to synaptic plasticity. In neurons, intracellular second messengers, such as cyclic guanosine or adenosine monophosphate (cGMP and cAMP, respectively), are known mediators of synaptic homeostasis and plasticity. Increased levels of these second messengers in glial cells slow down inflammation and neurodegenerative processes. These multi-faceted effects provide the opportunity to counteract excessive synapse loss by targeting cGMP and cAMP pathways in multiple cell types. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are specialized degraders of these second messengers, rendering them attractive targets to combat the detrimental effects of neurological disorders. Cellular and subcellular compartmentalization of the specific isoforms of PDEs leads to divergent downstream effects for these enzymes in the various central nervous system resident cell types. This review provides a detailed overview on the role of PDEs and their inhibition in the context of glia-neuron interactions in different neuropathologies characterized by synapse loss. In doing so, it provides a framework to support future research towards finding combinational therapy for specific neuropathologies.
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Ghai R, Nagarajan K, Arora M, Grover P, Ali N, Kapoor G. Current Strategies and Novel Drug Approaches for Alzheimer Disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 19:676-690. [PMID: 32679025 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200717091513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a chronic, devastating dysfunction of neurons in the brain leading to dementia. It mainly arises due to neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus area of the brain and is clinically manifested as a progressive mental failure, disordered cognitive functions, personality changes, reduced verbal fluency and impairment of speech. The pathology behind AD is the formation of intraneuronal fibrillary tangles, deposition of amyloid plaque and decline in choline acetyltransferase and loss of cholinergic neurons. Tragically, the disease cannot be cured, but its progression can be halted. Various cholinesterase inhibitors available in the market like Tacrine, Donepezil, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, etc. are being used to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The paper's objective is to throw light not only on the cellular/genetic basis of the disease, but also on the current trends and various strategies of treatment including the use of phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Enormous literature survey was conducted and published articles of PubMed, Scifinder, Google Scholar, Clinical Trials.org and Alzheimer Association reports were studied intensively to consolidate the information on the strategies available to combat Alzheimer's disease. Currently, several strategies are being investigated for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta plaques, tau protein and neural pathways are undergoing clinical trials. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotide methodologies are being approached as therapies for its management. Phytopharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are also gaining attention in overcoming the symptoms related to AD. The present review article concludes that novel and traditional therapies simultaneously promise future hope for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Ghai
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
| | - Kandasamy Nagarajan
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
| | - Meenakshi Arora
- University of Pittsburgh, 3459, Fifth Ave, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
| | - Nazakat Ali
- Dabur Research Foundation, Plot-22, Site-4, Industrial area, Sahibabad, Ghaziabad, UP-201010, India
| | - Garima Kapoor
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad-Meerut Road, NH-58, Ghaziabad, UP-201206, India
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Sharma VK, Singh TG, Singh S. Cyclic Nucleotides Signaling and Phosphodiesterase Inhibition: Defying Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:1371-1384. [PMID: 32718286 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200727104728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Defects in brain functions associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases benefit insignificantly from existing options, suggesting that there is a lack of understanding of pathological mechanisms. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is such a nearly untreatable, allied to age neurological deterioration for which only the symptomatic cure is available and the agents able to mould progression of the disease, is still far away. The altered expression of phosphodiesterases (PDE) and deregulated cyclic nucleotide signaling in AD has provoked a new thought of targeting cyclic nucleotide signaling in AD. Targeting cyclic nucleotides as an intracellular messenger seems to be a viable approach for certain biological processes in the brain and controlling substantial. Whereas, the synthesis, execution, and/or degradation of cyclic nucleotides has been closely linked to cognitive deficits. In relation to cognition, the cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) have an imperative execution in different phases of memory, including gene transcription, neurogenesis, neuronal circuitry, synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival, etc. AD is witnessed by impairments of these basic processes underlying cognition, suggesting a crucial role of cAMP/cGMP signaling in AD populations. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors are the exclusive set of enzymes to facilitate hydrolysis and degradation of cAMP and cGMP thereby, maintains their optimum levels initiating it as an interesting target to explore. The present work reviews a neuroprotective and substantial influence of PDE inhibition on physiological status, pathological progression and neurobiological markers of AD in consonance with the intensities of cAMP and cGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India,Govt. College of Pharmacy, Rohru, District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh-171207, India
| | - Thakur G Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Shareen Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Vadukoot AK, Sharma S, Aretz CD, Kumar S, Gautam N, Alnouti Y, Aldrich AL, Heim CE, Kielian T, Hopkins CR. Synthesis and SAR Studies of 1 H-Pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine-2-carboxamides as Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1848-1854. [PMID: 33062163 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis, SAR, and biological evaluation of a series of 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide derivatives as selective and potent PDE4B inhibitors. Compound 11h is a PDE4B preferring inhibitor and exhibited acceptable in vitro ADME and significantly inhibited TNF-α release from macrophages exposed to pro-inflammatory stimuli (i.e., lipopolysaccharide and the synthetic bacterial lipopeptide Pam3Cys). In addition, 11h was selective against a panel of CNS receptors and represents an excellent lead for further optimization and preclinical testing in the setting of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish K. Vadukoot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Swagat Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Christopher D. Aretz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Amy L. Aldrich
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Cortney E. Heim
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Corey R. Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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31
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Jankowska A, Wesołowska A, Pawłowski M, Chłoń-Rzepa G. Multifunctional Ligands Targeting Phosphodiesterase as the Future Strategy for the Symptomatic and Disease-Modifying Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5351-5373. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190620095623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive
impairments such as memory loss, decline in language skills, and disorientation that affects
over 46 million people worldwide. Patients with AD also suffer from behavioral and psychological
symptoms of dementia that deteriorate their quality of life and lead to premature death. Currently
available drugs provide modest symptomatic relief but do not reduce pathological hallmarks (senile
plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) and neuroinflammation, both of which are integral parts of dementia.
A large body of evidence indicates that impaired signaling pathways of cyclic-3′,5′-
Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic-3′,5′-guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) may contribute
to the development and progression of AD. In addition, Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors,
commonly known as cAMP and/or cGMP modulators, were found to be involved in the phosphorylation
of tau; aggregation of amyloid beta; neuroinflammation; and regulation of cognition, mood,
and emotion processing. The purpose of this review was to update the most recent reports on the
development of novel multifunctional ligands targeting PDE as potential drugs for both symptomatic
and disease-modifying therapy of AD. This review collected the chemical structures of representative
multifunctional ligands, results of experimental in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies,
and current opinions regarding the potential utility of these compounds for the comprehensive
therapy of AD. Finally, the multiparameter predictions of drugability of the representative compounds
were calculated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jankowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Pawłowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Sikora J, Podsiedlik M, Pietras T, Kosmalski M, Matłoka M, Moszczyński-Petkowski R, Wieczorek M, Markowicz-Piasecka M. Quetiapine and novel PDE10A inhibitors potentiate the anti-BuChE activity of donepezil. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1743-1750. [PMID: 32938236 PMCID: PMC7534323 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1818739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) do not include only memory loss and cognitive decline but also neuropsychiatric manifestation. These AD-related symptoms are usually treated with the aid of antipsychotics; however, their effects on cognition and safety remain unexplored. The present study determines the effects of quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic, and two imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-based inhibitors of PDE10A on the activity of human cholinesterases. Quetiapine moderately inhibited BuChE (IC50 = 6.08 ± 1.64 µmol/L) but improved the anti-BuChE properties of donepezil by decreasing its IC50 value. Both PDE10A inhibitors were found to possess moderate anti-AChE properties. The combined mixtures of donepezil and imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine analogues produce a synergistic anti-BuChE effect which was greater than either compound alone, improving the IC50 value by approximately six times. These favourable interactions between quetiapine, PDE10A inhibitors and clinically approved donepezil, resulting in improved anti-BuChE activity, can lead to a wider variety of potent AD treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sikora
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Podsiedlik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Matłoka
- Research and Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A, Łomianki, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Research and Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A, Łomianki, Poland
| | - Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Vaidya GN, Rana P, Venkatesh A, Chatterjee DR, Contractor D, Satpute DP, Nagpure M, Jain A, Kumar D. Paradigm shift of "classical" HDAC inhibitors to "hybrid" HDAC inhibitors in therapeutic interventions. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112844. [PMID: 33143937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
'Epigenetic' regulation of genes via post-translational modulation of proteins is the current mainstay approach for the disease therapies, particularly explored in the Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) class of enzymes. Mainly sight saw in cancer chemotherapeutics, HDAC inhibitors have also found a promising role in other diseases (neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections) and successfully entered in various combination therapies (pre-clinical/clinical stages). The prevalent flexibility in the structural design of HDAC inhibitors makes them easily tuneable to merge with other pharmacophore modules for generating multi-targeted single hybrids as a novel tactic to overcome drawbacks of polypharmacy. Herein, we reviewed the putative role of prevalent HDAC hybrids inhibitors in the current and prospective stage as a translational approach to overcome the limitations of the existing conventional drug candidates (parent molecule) when used either alone (drug resistance, solubility issues, adverse side effects, selectivity profile) or in combination (pharmacokinetic interactions, patient compliance) for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Nikhil Vaidya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pooja Rana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashwini Venkatesh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Deep Rohan Chatterjee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Darshan Contractor
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Dinesh Parshuram Satpute
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Mithilesh Nagpure
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Alok Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India; Department of Bio-Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355, Gujarat, India.
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The Potent PDE10A Inhibitor MP-10 (PF-2545920) Suppresses Microglial Activation in LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation and MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Models. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 16:470-482. [DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bhat A, Ray B, Mahalakshmi AM, Tuladhar S, Nandakumar DN, Srinivasan M, Essa MM, Chidambaram SB, Guillemin GJ, Sakharkar MK. Phosphodiesterase-4 enzyme as a therapeutic target in neurological disorders. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105078. [PMID: 32673703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are a diverse family of enzymes (11 isoforms so far identified) responsible for the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) which are involved in several cellular and biochemical functions. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is the major isoform within this group and is highly expressed in the mammalian brain. An inverse association between PDE4 and cAMP levels is the key mechanism in various pathophysiological conditions like airway inflammatory diseases-chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurological disorders etc. In 2011, roflumilast, a PDE4 inhibitor (PDE4I) was approved for the treatment of COPD. Subsequently, other PDE4 inhibitors (PDE4Is) like apremilast and crisaborole were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for psoriasis, atopic dermatitis etc. Due to the adverse effects like unbearable nausea and vomiting, dose intolerance and diarrhoea, PDE4 inhibitors have very less clinical compliance. Efforts are being made to develop allosteric modulation with high specificity to PDE4 isoforms having better efficacy and lesser adverse effects. Interestingly, repositioning PDE4Is towards neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and sleep disorders, is gaining attention. This review is an attempt to summarize the data on the effects of PDE4 overexpression in neurological disorders and the use of PDE4Is and newer allosteric modulators as therapeutic options. We have also compiled a list of on-going clinical trials on PDE4 inhibitors in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Bhat
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Sunanda Tuladhar
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - D N Nandakumar
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Department of Lipid Science, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), CFTRI Campus, Mysuru, 570020, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Dept. of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India.
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107, Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C9, Canada
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Ahnaou A, Broadbelt T, Biermans R, Huysmans H, Manyakov NV, Drinkenburg WHIM. The phosphodiesterase-4 and glycine transporter-1 inhibitors enhance in vivo hippocampal theta network connectivity and synaptic plasticity, whereas D-serine does not. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:197. [PMID: 32555167 PMCID: PMC7303193 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) have been associated with deficits in synaptic plasticity and cognition found in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Therapeutic approaches that indirectly enhance NMDAR function through increases in glycine and/or D-serine levels as well as inhibition of phosphodiesterases that reduces degradation of cAMP, are expected to enhance synaptic strength, connectivity and to potentially impact cognition processes. The present in vivo study investigated effects of subcutaneous administration of D-serine, the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor SSR504734 and the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram, on network oscillations, connectivity and long-term potentiation (LTP) at the hippocampi circuits in Sprague-Dawley rats. In conscious animals, multichannel EEG recordings assessed network oscillations and connectivity at frontal and hippocampal CA1-CA3 circuits. Under urethane anaesthesia, field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were measured in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus after high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the Schaffer collateral-CA1 (SC) pathway. SSR504734 and rolipram significantly increased slow theta oscillations (4-6.5 Hz) at the CA1-CA3, slow gamma oscillations (30-50 Hz) in the frontal areas and enhanced coherence in the CA1-CA3 network, which were dissociated from motor behaviour. SSR504734 enhanced short-term potentiation (STP) and fEPSP responses were extended into LTP response, whereas the potentiation of EPSP slope was short-lived to STP with rolipram. Unlike glycine, increased levels of D-serine had no effect on network oscillations and limits the LTP induction and expression. The present data support a facilitating role of glycine and cAMP on network oscillations and synaptic efficacy at the CA3-CA1 circuit in rats, whereas raising endogenous D-serine levels had no such beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ahnaou
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - T. Broadbelt
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - R. Biermans
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - H. Huysmans
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - N. V. Manyakov
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - W. H. I. M. Drinkenburg
- grid.419619.20000 0004 0623 0341Department of Neuroscience, Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
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Ribaudo G, Ongaro A, Zagotto G, Memo M, Gianoncelli A. Therapeutic Potential of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors against Neurodegeneration: The Perspective of the Medicinal Chemist. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1726-1739. [PMID: 32401481 PMCID: PMC8007108 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Increasing human
life expectancy prompts the development of novel
remedies for cognitive decline: 44 million people worldwide are affected
by dementia, and this number is predicted to triple by 2050. Acetylcholinesterase
and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors represent
the targets of currently available drugs for Alzheimer’s disease,
which are characterized by limited efficacy. Thus, the search for
therapeutic agents with alternative or combined mechanisms of action
is wide open. Since variations in 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine
monophosphate, 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate,
and/or nitric oxide levels interfere with downstream pathways involved
in memory processes, evidence supporting the potential of phosphodiesterase
(PDE) inhibitors in contrasting neurodegeneration should be
critically considered. For the preparation of this Review, more than
140 scientific papers were retrieved by searching PubMed and Scopus
databases. A systematic approach was adopted when overviewing the
different PDE isoforms, taking into account details on brain localization,
downstream molecular mechanisms, and inhibitors currently under study,
according to available in vitro and in vivo data. In the context of drug repurposing, a section focusing on
PDE5 was introduced. Original computational studies were performed
to rationalize the emerging evidence that suggests the role of PDE5
inhibitors as multi-target agents against neurodegeneration.
Moreover, since such compounds must cross the blood–brain barrier
and reach inhibitory concentrations in the central nervous system
to exert their therapeutic activity, physicochemical parameters
were analyzed and discussed. Taken together, literature and computational
data suggest that some PDE5 inhibitors, such as tadalafil, represent
promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Ongaro
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Blair CM, Ling J, Baillie GS. Measuring cAMP Specific Phosphodiesterase Activity: A Two-step Radioassay. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3581. [PMID: 33659551 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide degrading phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes are crucial to the fine tuning of cAMP signaling responses, playing a pivotal role in regulating the temporal and spatial characteristics of discrete cAMP nanodomains and hence the activity of cAMP-effector proteins. As a consequence of orchestrating cAMP homeostasis, dysfunctional PDE activity plays a central role in disease pathogenesis. This highlights the need for developing methods that can be used to further understand PDE function and assess the effectiveness of potentially novel PDE therapeutics. Here we describe such an approach, where PDE activity is indirectly measured through the direct quantification of radioactively tagged cAMP (pmol/min-1/mg-1). This method provides a highly sensitive tool for investigating PDE functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M Blair
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jiayue Ling
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Pobbati AV, Hong W. A combat with the YAP/TAZ-TEAD oncoproteins for cancer therapy. Theranostics 2020; 10:3622-3635. [PMID: 32206112 PMCID: PMC7069086 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-regulators YAP and TAZ pair primarily with the TEAD family of transcription factors to elicit a gene expression signature that plays a prominent role in cancer development, progression and metastasis. YAP and TAZ endow cells with various oncogenic traits such that they sustain proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, maintain stemness, respond to mechanical stimuli, engineer metabolism, promote angiogenesis, suppress immune response and develop resistance to therapies. Therefore, inhibiting YAP/TAZ- TEAD is an attractive and viable option for novel cancer therapy. It is exciting to know that many drugs already in the clinic restrict YAP/TAZ activities and several novel YAP/TAZ inhibitors are currently under development. We have classified YAP/TAZ-inhibiting drugs into three groups. Group I drugs act on the upstream regulators that are stimulators of YAP/TAZ activities. Many of the Group I drugs have the potential to be repurposed as YAP/TAZ indirect inhibitors to treat various solid cancers. Group II modalities act directly on YAP/TAZ or TEADs and disrupt their interaction; targeting TEADs has emerged as a novel option to inhibit YAP/TAZ, as TEADs are major mediators of their oncogenic programs. TEADs can also be leveraged on using small molecules to activate YAP/TAZ-dependent gene expression for use in regenerative medicine. Group III drugs focus on targeting one of the oncogenic downstream YAP/TAZ transcriptional target genes. With the right strategy and impetus, it is not far-fetched to expect a repurposed group I drug or a novel group II drug to combat YAP and TAZ in cancers in the near future.
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PDE9 inhibition promotes proliferation of neural stem cells via cGMP-PKG pathway following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury in vitro. Neurochem Int 2019; 133:104630. [PMID: 31821840 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. Stem cell-based therapy is promising some valuable strategies for the structural and functional recovery after ischemic insult. The inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) has wide spectrum neuroprotective properties by stimulating proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs). However, the potential role of PDE9 on NSCs proliferation after cerebral ischemia is not well investigated. The present study aimed to assess the contribution of PDE9 inhibition on the proliferation of NSCs and to determine the details of its underlying mechanisms against cerebral ischemia. The survival and proliferation of NSCs were assessed by CCK-8 assay and BrdU immunofluorescence staining, respectively. PDE9 activity and cGMP level were measured by ELISA kits. The protein expression of PKG and BDNF was detected by Western blot. Exposing NSCs of cultured primary hippocampus to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) significantly decreased the survival rate, but increased the proliferation of NSCs. Meanwhile, PDE9 activity was decreased, cGMP level was increased, PKG and BDNF protein expression was increased. PF-04447953, a PDE9 inhibitor, increased the survival rate of NSCs, moreover, PDE9 activity reduced more, and NSCs proliferation, cGMP level, PKG and BDNF protein expression were increased further, compared with OGD/R model group. These effects of PF-04447953, except for PDE9 activity and cGMP level, were reversed by treatment with KT5823, a PKG inhibitor. Taken together, the inhibition of PDE9 can promote the proliferation of NSCs following OGD/R injury, which may be, at least partly, mediated by cGMP-PKG pathway.
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Lee YY, Park JS, Leem YH, Park JE, Kim DY, Choi YH, Park EM, Kang JL, Kim HS. The phosphodiesterase 10 inhibitor papaverine exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects via the PKA signaling pathway in neuroinflammation and Parkinson's disease mouse models. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:246. [PMID: 31791357 PMCID: PMC6888927 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thus, the development of agents that can control neuroinflammation has been suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. In the present study, we investigated whether the phosphodiesterase (PDE) 10 inhibitor has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammation and PD mouse models. Methods Papaverine (PAP) was utilized as a selective inhibitor of PDE10. The effects of PAP on the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules were examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–stimulated BV2 microglial cells by ELISA, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. The effects of PAP on transcription factors were analyzed by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, the reporter gene assay, and Western blot analysis. Microglial activation and the expression of proinflammatory molecules were measured in the LPS- or MPTP-injected mouse brains by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis. The effect of PAP on dopaminergic neuronal cell death and neurotrophic factors were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. To assess mouse locomotor activity, rotarod and pole tests were performed in MPTP-injected mice. Results PAP inhibited the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated microglia by modulating various inflammatory signals. In addition, PAP elevated intracellular cAMP levels and CREB phosphorylation. Treatment with H89, a PKA inhibitor, reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of PAP, suggesting the critical role of PKA signaling in the anti-inflammatory effects of PAP. We verified the anti-inflammatory effects of PAP in the brains of mice with LPS-induced systemic inflammation. PAP suppressed microglial activation and proinflammatory gene expression in the brains of these mice, and these effects were reversed by H89 treatment. We further examined the effects of PAP on MPTP-injected PD model mice. MPTP-induced dopaminergic neuronal cell death and impaired locomotor activity were recovered by PAP. In addition, PAP suppressed microglial activation and proinflammatory mediators in the brains of MPTP-injected mice. Conclusions PAP has strong anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects and thus may be a potential candidate for treating neuroinflammatory disorders such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 808-1 Magok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 808-1 Magok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Yea-Hyun Leem
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 808-1 Magok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 808-1 Magok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 808-1 Magok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Physiology and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Department of Physiology and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 808-1 Magok-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, South Korea. .,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Bieber M, Schuhmann MK, Volz J, Kumar GJ, Vaidya JR, Nieswandt B, Pham M, Stoll G, Kleinschnitz C, Kraft P. Description of a Novel Phosphodiesterase (PDE)-3 Inhibitor Protecting Mice From Ischemic Stroke Independent From Platelet Function. Stroke 2019; 50:478-486. [PMID: 30566040 PMCID: PMC6358218 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.023664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— Acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel are the 2 main antithrombotic drugs for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) without indication for anticoagulation. Because of their limited efficacy and potential side effects, novel antiplatelet agents are urgently needed. Cilostazol, a specific phosphodiesterase (PDE)-3 inhibitor, protected from IS in clinical studies comprising mainly Asian populations. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanistic role of PDE-3 inhibitors in IS pathophysiology is hardly understood. In this project, we analyzed the efficacy and pathophysiologic mechanisms of a novel and only recently described PDE-3 inhibitor (substance V) in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia. Methods— Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in 6- to 8-week-old male C57Bl/6 wild-type mice receiving substance V or vehicle 1 hour after ischemia induction. Infarct volumes and functional outcomes were assessed between day 1 and day 7, and findings were validated by magnetic resonance imaging. Blood-brain barrier damage, as well as the extent of local inflammatory response and cell death, was determined. Results— Inhibition of PDE-3 by pharmacological blockade with substance V significantly reduced infarct volumes and improved neurological outcome on day 1 and 7 after experimental cerebral ischemia. Reduced blood-brain barrier damage, attenuated brain tissue inflammation, and decreased local cell death could be identified as potential mechanisms. PDE-3 inhibitor treatment did neither increase the number of intracerebral hemorrhages nor affect platelet function. Conclusions— The novel PDE-3 inhibitor substance V protected mice from IS independent from platelet function. Pharmaceutical inactivation of PDE-3 might become a promising therapeutic approach to combat IS via inhibition of thromboinflammatory mechanisms and stabilization of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bieber
- From the Department of Neurology (M.B., M.K.S., G.S., C.K., P.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael K Schuhmann
- From the Department of Neurology (M.B., M.K.S., G.S., C.K., P.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Volz
- Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany (J.V., B.N.)
| | - Gangasani Jagadeesh Kumar
- Fluro Agro Chemicals (Organic Chemistry II) Division (G.J.K., J.R.V.) and AcSIR (G.J.K., J.R.V.), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jayathirtha Rao Vaidya
- Fluro Agro Chemicals (Organic Chemistry II) Division (G.J.K., J.R.V.) and AcSIR (G.J.K., J.R.V.), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany (J.V., B.N.)
| | - Mirko Pham
- Department of Neuroradiology (M.P.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Guido Stoll
- From the Department of Neurology (M.B., M.K.S., G.S., C.K., P.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- From the Department of Neurology (M.B., M.K.S., G.S., C.K., P.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany (C.K.)
| | - Peter Kraft
- From the Department of Neurology (M.B., M.K.S., G.S., C.K., P.K.), University Hospital Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum Main-Spessart, Lohr, Germany (P.K.)
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Baillie GS, Tejeda GS, Kelly MP. Therapeutic targeting of 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: inhibition and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:770-796. [PMID: 31388135 PMCID: PMC6773486 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs), enzymes that degrade 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides, are being pursued as therapeutic targets for several diseases, including those affecting the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, fertility, immunity, cancer and metabolism. Clinical development programmes have focused exclusively on catalytic inhibition, which continues to be a strong focus of ongoing drug discovery efforts. However, emerging evidence supports novel strategies to therapeutically target PDE function, including enhancing catalytic activity, normalizing altered compartmentalization and modulating post-translational modifications, as well as the potential use of PDEs as disease biomarkers. Importantly, a more refined appreciation of the intramolecular mechanisms regulating PDE function and trafficking is emerging, making these pioneering drug discovery efforts tractable.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gonzalo S Tejeda
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Nabavi SM, Talarek S, Listos J, Nabavi SF, Devi KP, Roberto de Oliveira M, Tewari D, Argüelles S, Mehrzadi S, Hosseinzadeh A, D'onofrio G, Orhan IE, Sureda A, Xu S, Momtaz S, Farzaei MH. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors say NO to Alzheimer's disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 134:110822. [PMID: 31536753 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) consisted of 11 subtypes (PDE1 to PDE11) and over 40 isoforms that regulate levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the second messengers in cell functions. PDE inhibitors (PDEIs) have been attractive therapeutic targets due to their involvement in diverse medical conditions, e.g. cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD), etc. Among them; AD with a complex pathology is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which affect mostly senile people in the world and only symptomatic treatment particularly using cholinesterase inhibitors in clinic is available at the moment for AD. Consequently, novel treatment strategies towards AD are still searched extensively. Since PDEs are broadly expressed in the brain, PDEIs are considered to modulate neurodegenerative conditions through regulating cAMP and cGMP in the brain. In this sense, several synthetic or natural molecules inhibiting various PDE subtypes such as rolipram and roflumilast (PDE4 inhibitors), vinpocetine (PDE1 inhibitor), cilostazol and milrinone (PDE3 inhibitors), sildenafil and tadalafil (PDE5 inhibitors), etc have been reported showing encouraging results for the treatment of AD. In this review, PDE superfamily will be scrutinized from the view point of structural features, isoforms, functions and pharmacology particularly attributed to PDEs as target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sylwia Talarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Listos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química (DQ), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra (ICET), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil.
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Sandro Argüelles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Grazia D'onofrio
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.
| | - Saeedeh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Melbourne JK, Thompson KR, Peng H, Nixon K. Its complicated: The relationship between alcohol and microglia in the search for novel pharmacotherapeutic targets for alcohol use disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 167:179-221. [PMID: 31601404 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder with wide-ranging health consequences. Alcohol targets the central nervous system producing neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive and behavioral deficits, but the mechanisms behind these effects remain unclear. Recently, evidence has been mounting for the role of neuroimmune activation in the pathogenesis of AUDs, but our nascent state of knowledge about the interaction of alcohol with the neuroimmune system supports that the relationship is complicated. As the resident macrophage of the central nervous system, microglia are a central focus. Human and animal research on the interplay between microglia and alcohol in AUDs has proven to be complex, and though early research focused on a pro-inflammatory phenotype of microglia, the anti-inflammatory and homeostatic roles of microglia must be considered. How these new roles for microglia should be incorporated into our thinking about the neuroimmune system in AUDs is discussed in the context of developing novel pharmacotherapies for AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Melbourne
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Austin, TX, United States
| | - K Ryan Thompson
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Hui Peng
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Kimberly Nixon
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Austin, TX, United States.
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Schepers M, Tiane A, Paes D, Sanchez S, Rombaut B, Piccart E, Rutten BPF, Brône B, Hellings N, Prickaerts J, Vanmierlo T. Targeting Phosphodiesterases-Towards a Tailor-Made Approach in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1727. [PMID: 31396231 PMCID: PMC6667646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by heterogeneous clinical symptoms including gradual muscle weakness, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. The disease course of MS can be classified into a relapsing-remitting (RR) phase defined by periods of neurological disabilities, and a progressive phase where neurological decline is persistent. Pathologically, MS is defined by a destructive immunological and neuro-degenerative interplay. Current treatments largely target the inflammatory processes and slow disease progression at best. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop next-generation therapeutic strategies that target both neuroinflammatory and degenerative processes. It has been shown that elevating second messengers (cAMP and cGMP) is important for controlling inflammatory damage and inducing CNS repair. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) have been studied extensively in a wide range of disorders as they breakdown these second messengers, rendering them crucial regulators. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of PDE inhibition in limiting pathological inflammation and stimulating regenerative processes in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Schepers
- Department of Neuroimmunology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Assia Tiane
- Department of Neuroimmunology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dean Paes
- Department of Neuroimmunology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Selien Sanchez
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Ben Rombaut
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Piccart
- Department of Neuroimmunology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bert Brône
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Niels Hellings
- Department of Neuroimmunology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroimmunology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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El-Abhar H, Abd El Fattah MA, Wadie W, El-Tanbouly DM. Cilostazol disrupts TLR-4, Akt/GSK-3β/CREB, and IL-6/JAK-2/STAT-3/SOCS-3 crosstalk in a rat model of Huntington's disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203837. [PMID: 30260985 PMCID: PMC6160003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Countless neurodegenerative diseases are associated with perverse multiple targets of cyclic nucleotide signalling, hastening neuronal death. Cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase-III inhibitor, exerts neuroprotective effects against sundry models of neurotoxicity, however, its role against Huntington's disease (HD) has not yet been tackled. Hence, its modulatory effect on several signalling pathways using the 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) model was conducted. Animals were injected with 3-NP (10 mg/kg/day, i.p) for two successive weeks with or without the administration of cilostazol (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.). Contrary to the 3-NP effects, cilostazol largely preserved striatal dopaminergic neurons, improved motor coordination, and enhanced the immunohistochemical reaction of tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme. The anti-inflammatory effect of cilostazol was documented by the pronounced reduction of the toll like receptor-4 (TLR-4) protein expression and the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, but with a marked elevation in IL-10 striatal contents. As a consequence, cilostazol reduced IL-6 downstream signal, where it promoted the level of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3), while abated the phosphorylation of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK-2) and Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT-3). Phosphorylation of the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/cAMP response element binding protein (Akt/GSK-3β/CREB) cue is another signalling pathway that was modulated by cilostazol to further signify its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic capacities. The latter was associated with a reduction in the caspase-3 expression assessed by immunohistochemical assay. In conclusion the present study provided a new insight into the possible mechanisms by which cilostazol possesses neuroprotective properties. These intersecting mechanisms involve the interference between TLR-4, IL-6-IL-10/JAK-2/STAT-3/SOCS-3, and Akt/GSK-3β/CREB signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Mai A. Abd El Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia M. El-Tanbouly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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48
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Mattson MP, Arumugam TV. Hallmarks of Brain Aging: Adaptive and Pathological Modification by Metabolic States. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1176-1199. [PMID: 29874566 PMCID: PMC6039826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During aging, the cellular milieu of the brain exhibits tell-tale signs of compromised bioenergetics, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity and resilience, aberrant neuronal network activity, dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, the accrual of oxidatively modified molecules and organelles, and inflammation. These alterations render the aging brain vulnerable to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and stroke. Emerging findings are revealing mechanisms by which sedentary overindulgent lifestyles accelerate brain aging, whereas lifestyles that include intermittent bioenergetic challenges (exercise, fasting, and intellectual challenges) foster healthy brain aging. Here we provide an overview of the cellular and molecular biology of brain aging, how those processes interface with disease-specific neurodegenerative pathways, and how metabolic states influence brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Liu L, Zheng J, Huang XF, Zhu X, Ding SM, Ke HM, O'Donnell JM, Zhang HT, Song GQ, Xu Y. The neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects of Hcyb1, a novel selective PDE2 inhibitor. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:652-660. [PMID: 29704309 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Depression is currently the most common mood disorder. Regulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling by phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition has been paid much attention for treatment of depression. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Hcyb1, a novel PDE2 inhibitor, in HT-22 cells and antidepressant-like effects in mouse models of depression. METHODS Hcyb1 was synthesized and its selectivity upon PDE2 was tested. Moreover, HT-22 hippocampal cells were used to determine the effects of Hcyb1 on cell viability, cyclic nucleotide levels, and the downstream molecules related to cAMP/cGMP signaling by neurochemical, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, and immunoblot assays in vitro. The antidepressant-like effects of Hcyb1 were also determined in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests in mice. RESULTS Hcyb1 had a highly selective inhibition of PDE2A (IC50 = 0.57 ± 0.03 μmol/L) and over 250-fold selectivity against other recombinant PDE family members. Hcyb1 at concentrations of 10-10 and 10-9 mol/L significantly increased cell viability after treatment for 24 hours. At concentrations of 10-9 ~10-7 mol/L, Hcyb1 also increased cGMP levels by 1.7~2.3 folds after 10-minute treatment. Furthermore, Hcyb1 at the concentrations of 10-9 mol/L increased both cGMP and cAMP levels 24 hours after treatment. The levels of phosphorylation of CREB and BDNF were also increased by Hcyb1 treatment in HT-22 cells for 24 hours. Finally, in the in vivo tests, Hcyb1 (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, i.g.) decreased the immobility time in both forced swimming and tail suspension tests, without altering locomotor activity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the novel PDE2 inhibitor Hcyb1 produced neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects most likely mediated by cAMP/cGMP-CREB-BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xian-Feng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ming Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Heng-Ming Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James M O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Ma Q, Zhang L. C-type natriuretic peptide functions as an innate neuroprotectant in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in mouse via natriuretic peptide receptor 2. Exp Neurol 2018; 304:58-66. [PMID: 29501420 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is the most common cause of brain injury in neonates, which leads to high neonatal mortality and severe neurological morbidity in later life (Vannucci, 2000; Volpe, 2001). Yet the molecular mechanisms of neuronal death and brain damage induced by neonatal HI remain largely elusive. Herein, using both in vivo and in vitro models, we determine an endogenous neuroprotectant role of c-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in preserving neuronal survival after HI brain injury in mouse pups. Postnatal day 7 (P7) mouse pups with CNP deficiency (Nppclbab/lbab) exhibit increased brain infarct size and worsened long-term locomotor function after neonatal HI compared with wildtype control (Nppc+/+). In isolated primary cortical neurons, recombinant CNP dose-dependently protects primary neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) insult. This neuroprotective effect appears to be mediated through its cognate natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2), in that antagonization of NPR2, but not NPR3, exacerbates neuronal death and counteracts the protective effect of CNP on primary neurons exposed to OGD insult. Immunoblot and confocal microscopy demonstrate the abundant expression of NPR2 in neurons of the neonatal brain and in isolated primary cortical neurons as well. Moreover, similar to CNP deficiency, administration of NPR2 antagonist P19 via intracerebroventricular injection prior to HI results in exacerbated neuronal death and brain injury after HI. Altogether, the present study indicates that CNP and its cognate receptor NPR2 mainly expressed in neurons represent an innate neuroprotective mechanism in neonatal HI brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Ma
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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