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Chakraborty P, Nattel S, Nanthakumar K, Connelly KA, Husain M, Po SS, Ha ACT. Sudden cardiac death due to ventricular arrhythmia in diabetes mellitus: A bench to bedside review. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02676-6. [PMID: 38848857 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) confers an increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) independent of its associated cardiovascular comorbidities. DM induces adverse structural, electrophysiologic, and autonomic cardiac remodeling that can increase one's risk of ventricular arrhythmias and SCD. Although glycemic control and prevention of microvascular and macrovascular complications are cornerstones in the management of DM, they are not adequate for the prevention of SCD. In this narrative review, we describe the contribution of DM to the pathophysiologic mechanism of SCD beyond its role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure. On the basis of this pathophysiologic framework, we outline potential preventive and therapeutic strategies to mitigate the risk of SCD in this population of high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praloy Chakraborty
- Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar
- Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Unity Health Toronto, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sunny S Po
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andrew C T Ha
- Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Evans AK, Saw NL, Woods CE, Vidano LM, Blumenfeld SE, Lam RK, Chu EK, Reading C, Shamloo M. Impact of high-fat diet on cognitive behavior and central and systemic inflammation with aging and sex differences in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:334-354. [PMID: 38408498 PMCID: PMC11019935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging and age-related diseases are associated with cellular stress, metabolic imbalance, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, accompanied by cognitive impairment. Lifestyle factors such as diet, sleep fragmentation, and stress can potentiate damaging cellular cascades and lead to an acceleration of brain aging and cognitive impairment. High-fat diet (HFD) has been associated with obesity, metabolic disorders like diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. HFD also induces neuroinflammation, impairs learning and memory, and may increase anxiety-like behavior. Effects of a HFD may also vary between sexes. The interaction between Age- and Sex- and Diet-related changes in neuroinflammation and cognitive function is an important and poorly understood area of research. This study was designed to examine the effects of HFD on neuroinflammation, behavior, and neurodegeneration in mice in the context of aging or sex differences. In a series of studies, young (2-3 months) or old (12-13 months) C57BL/6J male mice or young male and female C57Bl/6J mice were fed either a standard diet (SD) or a HFD for 5-6 months. Behavior was assessed in Activity Chamber, Y-maze, Novel Place Recognition, Novel Object Recognition, Elevated Plus Maze, Open Field, Morris Water Maze, and Fear Conditioning. Post-mortem analyses assessed a panel of inflammatory markers in the plasma and hippocampus. Additionally, proteomic analysis of the hypothalamus, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation in the locus coeruleus, and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus were assessed in a subset of young and aged male mice. We show that HFD increased body weight and decreased locomotor activity across groups compared to control mice fed a SD. HFD altered anxiety-related exploratory behavior. HFD impaired spatial learning and recall in young male mice and impaired recall in cued fear conditioning in young and aged male mice, with no effects on spatial learning or fear conditioning in young female mice. Effects of Age and Sex were observed on neuroinflammatory cytokines, with only limited effects of HFD. HFD had a more significant impact on systemic inflammation in plasma across age and sex. Aged male mice had induction of microglial immunoreactivity in both the locus coeruleus (LC) and hippocampus an effect that HFD exacerbated in the hippocampal CA1 region. Proteomic analysis of the hypothalamus revealed changes in pathways related to metabolism and neurodegeneration with both aging and HFD in male mice. Our findings suggest that HFD induces widespread systemic inflammation and limited neuroinflammation. In addition, HFD alters exploratory behavior in male and female mice, and impairs learning and memory in male mice. These results provide valuable insight into the impact of diet on cognition and aging pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Evans
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Nay L Saw
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Claire E Woods
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Laura M Vidano
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Sarah E Blumenfeld
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Rachel K Lam
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Emily K Chu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | | | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304.
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Ferreira G, Santander A, Cardozo R, Chavarría L, Domínguez L, Mujica N, Benítez M, Sastre S, Sobrevia L, Nicolson GL. Nutrigenomics of inward rectifier potassium channels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166803. [PMID: 37406972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels play a key role in maintaining the resting membrane potential and supporting potassium homeostasis. There are many variants of Kir channels, which are usually tetramers in which the main subunit has two trans-membrane helices attached to two N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic tails with a pore-forming loop in between that contains the selectivity filter. These channels have domains that are strongly modulated by molecules present in nutrients found in different diets, such as phosphoinositols, polyamines and Mg2+. These molecules can impact these channels directly or indirectly, either allosterically by modulation of enzymes or via the regulation of channel expression. A particular type of these channels is coupled to cell metabolism and inhibited by ATP (KATP channels, essential for insulin release and for the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus). Genomic changes in Kir channels have a significant impact on metabolism, such as conditioning the nutrients and electrolytes that an individual can take. Thus, the nutrigenomics of ion channels is an important emerging field in which we are attempting to understand how nutrients and diets can affect the activity and expression of ion channels and how genomic changes in such channels may be the basis for pathological conditions that limit nutrition and electrolyte intake. In this contribution we briefly review Kir channels, discuss their nutrigenomics, characterize how different components in the diet affect their function and expression, and suggest how their genomic changes lead to pathological phenotypes that affect diet and electrolyte intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ferreira
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Axel Santander
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Romina Cardozo
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Luisina Chavarría
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Domínguez
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Mujica
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Milagros Benítez
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Sastre
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Dept. of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, CP 11800, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo CP 11800, Uruguay
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; Medical School (Faculty of Medicine), Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil; University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, 4029, Queensland, Australia; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eutra, The Institute for Obesity Research (IOR), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
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Emerging Therapy for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030662. [PMID: 36979641 PMCID: PMC10045486 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by abnormal myocardial structure or performance in the absence of coronary artery disease or significant valvular heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. The spectrum of diabetic cardiomyopathy ranges from subtle myocardial changes to myocardial fibrosis and diastolic function and finally to symptomatic heart failure. Except for sodium–glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors and possibly bariatric and metabolic surgery, there is currently no specific treatment for this distinct disease entity in patients with diabetes. The molecular mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy includes impaired nutrient-sensing signaling, dysregulated autophagy, impaired mitochondrial energetics, altered fuel utilization, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, advanced glycation end-products, inflammation, impaired calcium homeostasis, abnormal endothelial function and nitric oxide production, aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and sympathetic hyperactivity, and extracellular matrix accumulation and fibrosis. Here, we summarize several important emerging treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy targeting specific molecular mechanisms, with evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Lv Z, Chen X, Chen P, Li Q, Guo Z, Lu Q, Ding S. Colchicine prevents ventricular arrhythmias vulnerability in diet-induced obesity rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 610:127-132. [PMID: 35462093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to assess the role of colchicine in ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) induced by high fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Male rats were divided into four groups: CTL, normal diet plus saline; CTC, normal diet plus colchicine; HFD, HFD plus saline; HFC: HFD plus colchicine. Metabolic parameters, ECG parameters, ventricular electrophysiological parameters, ventricular histology, Western blot and RT-qPCR were measured. Compared with the HFD group, colchicine treatment significantly improved metabolic parameters, reduced ventricular fibrosis, increased the expression of Cav1.2, Kv4.2, Nav1.5, and Cx43, reduced CaMKII, p-CaMKII, p-RyR2 (S2808), and p-RyR2 (S2814) expression in LV. Furthermore, colchicine inhibited the inflammatory responses, prolonged ventricular effective refractory period (ERP), reduced corrected QT interval (QTc) and Tpeak-Tend interval, so as to reduce the susceptibility to VAs in obesity rats. CONCLUSIONS Colchicine could mitigate ventricular fibrosis, ventricular electrical remodeling, as well as the expression of ion channels, and inhibit obesity-induced inflammatory responses, which provides a new idea for colchicine to prevent VAs in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Lv
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, PR China
| | - Ping Chen
- National Standardized Training Base for Resident, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, PR China
| | - Qianyuan Li
- Clinical Laboratory, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, PR China
| | - Zhuli Guo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, PR China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan Clinical Medicine College of Southern Medical University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shifang Ding
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China; Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan Clinical Medicine College of Southern Medical University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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Qian P, Wang Q, Wang FZ, Dai HB, Wang HY, Gao Q, Zhou H, Zhou YB. Adrenomedullin Improves Cardiac Remodeling and Function in Obese Rats with Hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060719. [PMID: 35745637 PMCID: PMC9227996 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether adrenomedullin (ADM, 7.2 μg/kg/day, ip), an important endogenous active peptide, has a protective role in cardiac remodeling and function in obesity-related hypertension (OH) rats. A high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce OH for 20 weeks. H9c2 cells incubated with palmitate (PA, 200 μM) to mimic high free fatty acid in obesity were used as an in vitro model. In OH rats, ADM not only decreased body weight (BW) and blood pressure (BP) but also improved systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, ADM still had a greater inhibitory effect on local inflammation and oxidative stress in the hearts of OH rats, and the same anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were also confirmed in PA-treated H9c2 cells. The ADM receptor antagonist or Akt inhibitor effectively attenuated the inhibitory effects of ADM on inflammation and oxidative stress in PA-stimulated H9c2 cells. Furthermore, ADM application effectively normalized heart function, and hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining and collagen volume fraction results showed that ADM improved cardiac remodeling in hearts of OH rats. ADM attenuated cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress via the receptor-Akt pathway, which involves the improvement of cardiac remodeling and function in OH rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-8686-9351
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Meng M, Jia R, Wei M, Meng X, Zhang X, Du R, Sun W, Wang L, Song L. Oxidative stress activates Ryr2-Ca 2+ and apoptosis to promote PM 2.5-induced heart injury of hyperlipidemia mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113228. [PMID: 35091300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increased cases of hyperlipemia in China and the crucial role of PM2.5 in inducing and promoting cardiovascular diseases have attracting more and more researchers' attention. However, the effects and mechanisms of PM2.5 on cardiovascular system of hyperlipidemia people are still unclear. In this study, hyperlipidemia mice model was established by high-fat diet. Then we exposed these mice to PM2.5 or saline to explore the underling mechanism of cardiac injury in hyperlipidemia mice. The hyperlipemia mice are more susceptible to heart damage caused by PM2.5 exposure. The participation of oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and Ca2+ related mechanism could be observed in this model. After NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) treatment, the oxidative stress level induced by PM2.5 exposure significantly decreased in hyperlipemia mice. NAC effectively alleviated cardiac injury, improved the imbalance of calcium and attenuated apoptosis induced by PM2.5 exposure in hyperlipemia mice. The strong oxidative stress in hyperlipemia mice could lead to calcium homeostasis imbalance and activation of apoptosis-related pathways. This mechanism of PM2.5-induced myocardial injury was also verified in vitro. In our present study, we demonstrated the contribution of the PM2.5-ROS-Ryr2-Ca2+ axis in PM2.5-induced heart injury of hyperlipidemia mice, offering a potential therapeutical target for related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Meng
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China; Tai 'an city central hospital, Tai 'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Ruxue Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116023, China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Xianzong Meng
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Wenping Sun
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116023, China.
| | - Laiyu Song
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China.
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Tirandi A, Carbone F, Montecucco F, Liberale L. The role of metabolic syndrome in sudden cardiac death risk: Recent evidence and future directions. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13693. [PMID: 34714544 PMCID: PMC9286662 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a frequent condition whose deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system are often underestimated. MetS is nowadays considered a real pandemic with an estimated prevalence of 25% in general population. Individuals with MetS are at high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) as this condition accounts for 50% of all cardiac deaths in such a population. Of interest, recent studies demonstrated that individuals with MetS show 70% increased risk of SCD even without previous history of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, little is known about the interplay between the two conditions. MetS is a complex disease determined by genetic predisposition, unhealthy lifestyle and ageing with deleterious effects on different organs. MetS components trigger a systemic chronic low-grade pro-inflammatory state, associated with excess of sympathetic activity, cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmias and atherosclerosis. Thus, MetS has an important burden on the cardiovascular system as demonstrated by both preclinical and clinical evidence. The aim of this review is to summarize recent evidence concerning the association between MetS and SCD, showing possible common aetiological processes, and to indicate prospective for future studies and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Tirandi
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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Ca 2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction: a converging road to prediabetic and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:33-61. [PMID: 34978597 PMCID: PMC8721633 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as the myocardial dysfunction that suffers patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the absence of hypertension and structural heart diseases such as valvular or coronary artery dysfunctions. Since the impact of DM on cardiac function is rather silent and slow, early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy, known as prediabetes, are poorly recognized, and, on many occasions, cardiac illness is diagnosed only after a severe degree of dysfunction was reached. Therefore, exploration and recognition of the initial pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy are of vital importance for an on-time diagnosis and treatment of the malady. Among the complex and intricate mechanisms involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy, Ca2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction have been described as pivotal early processes. In the present review, we will focus on these two processes and the molecular pathway that relates these two alterations to the earlier stages and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Gaitán-González P, Sánchez-Hernández R, Arias-Montaño JA, Rueda A. Tale of two kinases: Protein kinase A and Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in pre-diabetic cardiomyopathy. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1704-1718. [PMID: 34754372 PMCID: PMC8554373 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a pre-diabetic state characterized by several biochemical and physiological alterations, including insulin resistance, visceral fat accumulation, and dyslipidemias, which increase the risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome is associated with augmented sympathetic tone, which could account for the etiology of pre-diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pathophysiological consequences of enhanced and sustained β-adrenergic response in pre-diabetes, focusing on cardiac dysfunction reported in diet-induced experimental models of pre-diabetic cardiomyopathy. The research reviewed indicates that both protein kinase A and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II play important roles in functional responses mediated by β1-adrenoceptors; therefore, alterations in the expression or function of these kinases can be deleterious. This review also outlines recent information on the role of protein kinase A and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in abnormal Ca2+ handling by cardiomyocytes from diet-induced models of pre-diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Gaitán-González
- Department of Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Rommel Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
| | - Angélica Rueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
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Lavorato VN, Miranda DCD, Isoldi MC, Drummond FR, Soares LL, Reis ECC, Pelúzio MDCG, Pedrosa ML, Silva ME, Natali AJ. Effects of aerobic exercise training and açai supplementation on cardiac structure and function in rats submitted to a high-fat diet. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110168. [PMID: 33642024 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise training (AET) and supplementation with açai on cardiac structure and function in rats submitted to a high-fat diet. Two-month old Fischer male rats were divided into 5 groups: Control (C), High-fat Diet (H), High-fat Diet + Açai (HA), High-fat Diet + AET (HT), High-fat Diet + Açai + AET (HAT). The high-fat diet had 21.8% lard and 1% cholesterol (H and HT), or supplemented with 1% lyophilized açai pulp (HA and HAT). The HT and HAT groups performed AET on a treadmill (5 days/week, 1 h/day, 60% of the maximum running speed) for 8 weeks. Exercise tolerance test were performed, and adiposity index calculated. After euthanasia, the left ventricle (LV) was dissected and processed for histological, single myocyte intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transient and contractility, oxidative stress and gene expression analysis. AET improved running capacity and reduced the adiposity index. Both AET and açai supplementation inhibited the increase in the LV collagen content, the deleterious effects on the [Ca2+]i transient and contractility in cardiomyocytes and the increment in oxidative stress, caused by the consumption of a high-fat diet. Aerobic exercise training and açai supplementation can mitigate damage caused by high-fat diet in cardiac structure and function, though the combination of treatments had no additional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Neiva Lavorato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Mauro César Isoldi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Filipe Rios Drummond
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leôncio Lopes Soares
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Maria Lúcia Pedrosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio José Natali
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Basualto-Alarcón C, Llanos P, García-Rivas G, Troncoso MF, Lagos D, Barrientos G, Estrada M. Classic and Novel Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Effects on the Cardiovascular System in Men. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:5527973. [PMID: 34335746 PMCID: PMC8318754 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5527973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In men, 70% of circulating testosterone binds with high affinity to plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), which determines its bioavailability in their target cells. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that circulating SHBG not only is a passive carrier for steroid hormones but also actively regulates testosterone signaling through putative plasma membrane receptors and by local expression of androgen-binding proteins apparently to reach local elevated testosterone concentrations in specific androgen target tissues. Circulating SHBG levels are influenced by metabolic and hormonal factors, and they are reduced in obesity and insulin resistance, suggesting that SHBG may have a broader clinical utility in assessing the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, plasma SHBG levels are strongly correlated with testosterone concentrations, and in men, low testosterone levels are associated with an adverse cardiometabolic profile. Although obesity and insulin resistance are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, whether they lead to abnormal expression of circulating SHBG or its interaction with androgen signaling remains to be elucidated. SHBG is produced mainly in the liver, but it can also be expressed in several tissues including the brain, fat tissue, and myocardium. Expression of SHBG is controlled by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK/PPAR interaction is critical to regulate hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 (HNF4), a prerequisite for SHBG upregulation. In cardiomyocytes, testosterone activates AMPK and PPARs. Therefore, the description of local expression of cardiac SHBG and its circulating levels may shed new light to explain physiological and adverse cardiometabolic roles of androgens in different tissues. According to emerging clinical evidence, here, we will discuss the potential mechanisms with cardioprotective effects and SHBG levels to be used as an early metabolic and cardiovascular biomarker in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Medicina Funcional, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León 66278, Mexico
| | - Mayarling Francisca Troncoso
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Daniel Lagos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Genaro Barrientos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
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Jaque-Fernandez F, Beaulant A, Berthier C, Monteiro L, Allard B, Casas M, Rieusset J, Jacquemond V. Preserved Ca 2+ handling and excitation-contraction coupling in muscle fibres from diet-induced obese mice. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2471-2481. [PMID: 32840676 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Disrupted intracellular Ca2+ handling is known to play a role in diabetic cardiomyopathy but it has also been postulated to contribute to obesity- and type 2 diabetes-associated skeletal muscle dysfunction. Still, there is so far very limited functional insight into whether, and if so to what extent, muscular Ca2+ homeostasis is affected in this situation, so as to potentially determine or contribute to muscle weakness. In differentiated muscle, force production is under the control of the excitation-contraction coupling process: upon plasma membrane electrical activity, the CaV1.1 voltage sensor/Ca2+ channel in the plasma membrane triggers opening of the ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane. Opening of the ryanodine receptor triggers the rise in cytosolic Ca2+, which activates contraction while Ca2+ uptake by the SR ATPase Ca2+-pump promotes relaxation. These are the core mechanisms underlying the tight control of muscle force by neuronal electrical activity. This study aimed at characterising their inherent physiological function in a diet-induced mouse model of obesity and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Intact muscle fibres were isolated from mice fed either with a standard chow diet or with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet generating obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Properties of muscle fibres were investigated with a combination of whole-cell voltage-clamp electrophysiology and confocal fluorescence imaging. The integrity and density of the plasma membrane network (transverse tubules) that carries the membrane excitation throughout the muscle fibres was assessed with the dye Di-8-ANEPPS. CaV1.1 Ca2+ channel activity was studied by measuring the changes in current across the plasma membrane elicited by voltage-clamp depolarising pulses of increasing amplitude. SR Ca2+ release through ryanodine receptors was simultaneously detected with the Ca2+-sensitive dye Rhod-2 in the cytosol. CaV1.1 voltage-sensing activity was separately characterised from the properties of intra-plasma-membrane charge movement produced by short voltage-clamp depolarising pulses. Spontaneous Ca2+ release at rest was assessed with the Ca2+-sensitive dye Fluo-4. The rate of SR Ca2+ uptake was assessed from the time course of cytosolic Ca2+ recovery after the end of voltage excitation using the Ca2+-sensitive dye Fluo-4FF. The response to a fatigue-stimulation protocol was determined from the time course of decline of the peak Fluo-4FF Ca2+ transients elicited by 30 trains of 5-ms-long depolarising pulses delivered at 100 Hz. RESULTS The transverse tubule network architecture and density were well preserved in the fibres from the obese mice. The CaV1.1 Ca2+ current and voltage-sensing properties were also largely unaffected with mean values for maximum conductance and maximum amount of charge of 234 ± 12 S/F and 30.7 ± 1.6 nC/μF compared with 196 ± 13 S/F and 32.9 ± 2.0 nC/μF in fibres from mice fed with the standard diet, respectively. Voltage-activated SR Ca2+ release through ryanodine receptors also exhibited very similar properties in the two groups with mean values for maximum rate of Ca2+ release of 76.0 ± 6.5 and 78.1 ± 4.4 μmol l-1 ms-1, in fibres from control and obese mice, respectively. The response to a fatigue protocol was also largely unaffected in fibres from the obese mice, and so were the rate of cytosolic Ca2+ removal and the spontaneous Ca2+ release activity at rest. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The functional properties of the main mechanisms involved in the control of muscle Ca2+ homeostasis are well preserved in muscle fibres from obese mice, at the level of both the plasma membrane and of the SR. We conclude that intracellular Ca2+ handling and excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle fibres are not primary targets of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Jaque-Fernandez
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, UMR CNRS 5310 - Inserm U1217 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Univ Lyon, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Lyon, France
| | - Agathe Beaulant
- CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Univ Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Christine Berthier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, UMR CNRS 5310 - Inserm U1217 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Univ Lyon, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Lyon, France
| | - Laloé Monteiro
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, UMR CNRS 5310 - Inserm U1217 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Univ Lyon, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Allard
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, UMR CNRS 5310 - Inserm U1217 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Univ Lyon, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Lyon, France
| | - Mariana Casas
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Univ Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Vincent Jacquemond
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, UMR CNRS 5310 - Inserm U1217 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Univ Lyon, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Lyon, France.
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Gowen BH, Reyes MV, Joseph LC, Morrow JP. Mechanisms of Chronic Metabolic Stress in Arrhythmias. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101012. [PMID: 33086602 PMCID: PMC7603089 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are responsible for many cardiovascular disease-related deaths worldwide. While arrhythmia pathogenesis is complex, there is increasing evidence for metabolic causes. Obesity, diabetes, and chronically consuming high-fat foods significantly increase the likelihood of developing arrhythmias. Although these correlations are well established, mechanistic explanations connecting a high-fat diet (HFD) to arrhythmogenesis are incomplete, although oxidative stress appears to be critical. This review investigates the metabolic changes that occur in obesity and after HFD. Potential therapies to prevent or treat arrhythmias are discussed, including antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John P. Morrow
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-305-5553; Fax: +1-212-305-4648
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15
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Apocynin Treatment Prevents Cardiac Connexin 43 Hemichannels Hyperactivity by Reducing Nitroso-Redox Stress in Mdx Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155415. [PMID: 32751416 PMCID: PMC7432655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal disease that causes cardiomyopathy and is associated with oxidative stress. In the heart, oxidative stress interferes with the location of connexin 43 (Cx43) to the intercalated discs causing its lateralization to the plasma membrane where Cx43 forms hemichannels. We tested the hypothesis that in DMD cardiomyopathy, increased oxidative stress is associated with the formation and activation of Cx43 hemichannels. For this, we used mdx mice as a DMD model and evaluated cardiac function, nitroso-redox changes and Cx43 hemichannels permeability. Mdx hearts presented increased NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress and increased Cx43 S-nitrosylation compared to controls. These redox changes were associated with increased Cx43 lateralization, decreased cardiac contractility and increased arrhythmic events. Pharmacological inhibition of NADPH oxidase using apocynin (one month) reduced systemic oxidative stress and reversed the aforementioned changes towards normal, except Cx43 lateralization. Opening of Cx43 hemichannels was blocked by apocynin treatment and by acute hemichannel blockade with carbenoxolone. NADPH oxidase inhibition also prevented the occurrence of apoptosis in mdx hearts and reversed the ventricular remodeling. These results show that NADPH oxidase activity in DMD is associated with S-nitrosylation and opening of Cx43 hemichannels. These changes lead to apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction and were prevented by NADPH oxidase inhibition.
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Hynynen H, Mutikainen M, Naumenko N, Shakirzyanova A, Tuomainen T, Tavi P. Short high-fat diet interferes with the physiological maturation of the late adolescent mouse heart. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14474. [PMID: 32643294 PMCID: PMC7343666 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fats are essential for cardiac function. The metabolites of fats known as fatty acids provide most of the energy for cardiac tissue, serve as building blocks for membranes and regulate important signaling cascades. Despite their importance, excess fat intake can cause cardiac dysfunction. The detrimental effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on cardiac health are widely investigated in long-term studies but the short-term effects of fats have not been thoroughly studied. To elucidate the near-term effects of a HFD on the growth and maturation of late adolescent heart we subjected 11-week-old mice to an 8-week long HFD (42% of calories from fat, 42% from carbohydrate, n = 8) or chow diet (12% of calories from fat, 66% from carbohydrate, n = 7) and assessed their effects on the heart in vivo and in vitro. Our results showed that excessive fat feeding interferes with normal maturation of the heart indicated by the lack of increase in dimensions, volume, and stroke volume of the left ventricles of mice on high fat diet that were evident in mice on chow diet. In addition, differences in regional strain during the contraction cycle between mice on HFD and chow diet were seen. These changes were associated with reduced activity of the growth promoting PI3K-Akt1 signaling cascade and moderate changes in glucose metabolism without changes in calcium signaling. This study suggests that even a short period of HFD during late adolescence hinders cardiac maturation and causes physiological changes that may have an impact on the cardiac health in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Hynynen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Maija Mutikainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Nikolay Naumenko
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | | | - Tomi Tuomainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
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Jiang J, Li Y, Liang S, Sun B, Shi Y, Xu Q, Zhang J, Shen H, Duan J, Sun Z. Combined exposure of fine particulate matter and high-fat diet aggravate the cardiac fibrosis in C57BL/6J mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122203. [PMID: 32171159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is associated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure. In addition, whether high-fat diet (HFD) could exacerbate the PM2.5-induced cardiac injury was unevaluated. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the combined effects of PM2.5 and HFD on cardiac fibrosis. The echocardiography and histopathological analysis showed that co-exposure of PM2.5 and HFD had a significant deleterious effect on both cardiac systolic and diastolic function accompanied the myofibril disorder and myocardial fibrosis in C57BL/6 J mice than exposed to PM2.5 or HFD alone. The augmented oxidative damage and increased α-SMA area percentage were detected in heart tissue of mice exposed to PM2.5 and HFD together. PM2.5 upregulated the expressions of cardiac fibrosis-related special markers, including collagen-I, collagen-III, TGF-β1, p-Smad3 and total Smad3, which had more pronounced activations in co-exposure group. Meanwhile, the factorial analysis exhibited the synergistic interaction regarded to the combined exposure of PM2.5 and HFD. Simultaneously, PM2.5 and palmitic acid increased intracellular ROS generation and activated the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes. While the ROS scavenger NAC had effectively attenuated the ROS level and suppressed the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrated combined exposure to PM2.5 and HFD could aggravate cardiac fibrosis via activating the ROS/TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyang Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facilities for Electrophysiology, Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
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18
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He Y, Shi M, Wu J, Sun Z, Guo J, Liu Y, Han D. Effects of a high-fat diet on intracellular calcium (Ca2+) handling and cardiac remodeling in Wistar rats without hyperlipidemia. Ultrastruct Pathol 2020; 44:42-51. [PMID: 31902272 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2019.1709932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A high-fat diet is often associated with cardiovascular diseases. Research has suggested that consumption of a high-fat diet for 10 weeks is associated with cardiac dysfunction, including arrhythmias, through alterations in cardiac remodeling and myocardial intracellular calcium (Ca2+) handling. In this study, rats were randomly divided into two groups: the standard diet (N = 5) and high-fat diet (N = 5) groups. To evaluate the effects of a high-fat diet on cardiac remodeling, we investigated the myocardium obtained from male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet or standard diet for ten weeks via scanning electron microscopy, polarization microscopy, and RT-PCR. We found that compared with the standard diet cohort, the high-fat diet cohort exhibited increased levels of SERCA2a and SERCA2b mRNA and a decreased level of PLB mRNA (P < .05). These findings showed that a high-fat diet may lead to cardiac upregulation of Ca2+ transport-related genes in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Additionally, we observed endocardial injury accompanied by focal dense layered collagen, increased spacing between endocardial cells that was often filled with collagen debris, and increased amounts of collagen fibers among enlarged cardiomyocytes in the high-fat diet cohort. The abnormal intracellular calcium (Ca2+) handling and cardiac remodeling may be contributing factors in arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in high-fat diet-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin He
- Emergency Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, The People's Republic of China.,Emergency Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Maojing Shi
- Emergency Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jiatong Wu
- Emergency Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Guo
- Cardiology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuansheng Liu
- Emergency Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, The People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Han
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Al Kury LT. Calcium Homeostasis in Ventricular Myocytes of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:1942086. [PMID: 33274235 PMCID: PMC7683117 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1942086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder commonly characterized by high blood glucose levels, resulting from defects in insulin production or insulin resistance, or both. DM is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with diabetic cardiomyopathy as one of its main complications. It is well established that cardiovascular complications are common in both types of diabetes. Electrical and mechanical problems, resulting in cardiac contractile dysfunction, are considered as the major complications present in diabetic hearts. Inevitably, disturbances in the mechanism(s) of Ca2+ signaling in diabetes have implications for cardiac myocyte contraction. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in outlining the mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function in diabetes using different animal models of type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) and type II diabetes mellitus (TIIDM). The aim of this review is to evaluate our current understanding of the disturbances of Ca2+ transport and the role of main cardiac proteins involved in Ca2+ homeostasis in the diabetic rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Exploring the molecular mechanism(s) of altered Ca2+ signaling in diabetes will provide an insight for the identification of novel therapeutic approaches to improve the heart function in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina T. Al Kury
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, UAE
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20
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Murine model of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and electro-mechanical uncoupling following high-fat diet. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:1428-1439. [PMID: 31792335 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES It is well established that obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiac death. In particular various cardiac alterations have been described in obese patients such as long QT on ECG, impaired diastolic filling of the left ventricle (LV), and all-type arrhythmias. In the present study, the above alterations were all reproduced in a mouse model of fat diet-induced obesity. ANIMALS/METHODS In C57BL6 mice fed on a high fat (n = 20, HF-group) or standard diet (n = 20, C-group) for 13 weeks, balanced by sex and age, we examined heart morphology and function by high-frequency ultrasounds and electric activity by surface ECG. Besides, the autonomic sympathovagal balance (heart-rate variability) and the arrhythmogenic susceptibility to adrenergic challenge (i.p. isoproterenol) were compared in the two groups, as well as glucose tolerance (i.p. glucose test) and liver steatosis (ultrasounds). RESULTS Body weight in HF-group exceeded C-group at the end of the experiment (+28% p < 0.01). An abnormal ventricular repolarization (long QTc on ECG) together with impaired LV filling rate and increased LV mass was found in HF-group as compared to C. Moreover, HF-group showed higher heart rate, unbalanced autonomic control with adrenergic prevalence and a greater susceptibility to develop rhythm disturbances under adrenergic challenge (i.p. isoprenaline). Impaired glucose tolerance and higher liver fat accumulation were also found in HF mice compared to C. CONCLUSIONS The described murine model of 13 weeks on HF diet, well reproduced the cardiovascular and metabolic disorders reported in clinical obesity, suggesting its potential utility as translational mean suitable for testing new pharmaco-therapeutic approaches to the treatment of obesity and its comorbidity.
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21
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Yang Y, Liu F, Lu R, Jia J. Berberine Inhibits Adipogenesis in Porcine Adipocytes
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AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase‐Dependent and ‐Independent Mechanisms. Lipids 2019; 54:667-678. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Yang
- College of Life ScienceShanxi Normal University The First Gongyuan Road, Linfen Shanxi Province 041000 People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglan Liu
- College of Life ScienceShanxi Normal University The First Gongyuan Road, Linfen Shanxi Province 041000 People's Republic of China
| | - Rongsheng Lu
- College of Life ScienceShanxi Normal University The First Gongyuan Road, Linfen Shanxi Province 041000 People's Republic of China
| | - Junli Jia
- College of Life ScienceShanxi Normal University The First Gongyuan Road, Linfen Shanxi Province 041000 People's Republic of China
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22
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Tian CJ, Zhen Z. Reactive Carbonyl Species: Diabetic Complication in the Heart and Lungs. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:546-556. [PMID: 31253519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal chemical reactions in hyperglycemia alter normal metabolic processes in diabetes, which is a key process in the production of reactive carbonyls species (RCS). Increasing the concentration of RCS may result in carbonyl/oxidative stress in both the diabetic heart and lung. Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) not only play a key role in heart contraction, including rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart, but they are also important for controlling the airway smooth muscle. RCS modifies RyRs, resulting in RyRs dysfunction, which is involved in important mechanisms in diabetic complications. Very little is known about the mechanistic relationship between the heart and lung in diabetes. This review highlights new findings on the pathophysiological mechanisms and discusses potential approaches to treatment for these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ju Tian
- College of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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23
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Hemmeryckx B, Carai P, Roger Lijnen H. ADAMTS5 deficiency in mice does not affect cardiac function. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:593-604. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Hemmeryckx
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCenter for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Paolo Carai
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCenter for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - H. Roger Lijnen
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesCenter for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven3000 Leuven Belgium
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Alí A, Boutjdir M, Aromolaran AS. Cardiolipotoxicity, Inflammation, and Arrhythmias: Role for Interleukin-6 Molecular Mechanisms. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1866. [PMID: 30666212 PMCID: PMC6330352 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid infiltration of the myocardium, acquired in metabolic disorders (obesity, type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia) is critically associated with the development of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. According to a recent Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association published in 2017, the current average dietary intake of saturated free-fatty acid (SFFA) in the US is 11–12%, which is significantly above the recommended <10%. Increased levels of circulating SFFAs (or lipotoxicity) may represent an unappreciated link that underlies increased vulnerability to cardiac dysfunction. Thus, an important objective is to identify novel targets that will inform pharmacological and genetic interventions for cardiomyopathies acquired through excessive consumption of diets rich in SFFAs. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The increasing epidemic of metabolic disorders strongly implies an undeniable and critical need to further investigate SFFA mechanisms. A rapidly emerging and promising target for modulation by lipotoxicity is cytokine secretion and activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. This objective can be advanced through fundamental mechanisms of cardiac electrical remodeling. In this review, we discuss cardiac ion channel modulation by SFFAs. We further highlight the contribution of downstream signaling pathways involving toll-like receptors and pathological increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our expectation is that if we understand pathological remodeling of major cardiac ion channels from a perspective of lipotoxicity and inflammation, we may be able to develop safer and more effective therapies that will be beneficial to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Alí
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ademuyiwa S Aromolaran
- Cardiovascular Research Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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25
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 30425651 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517, 10.3389/fpls.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1517. [PMID: 30425651 PMCID: PMC6218530 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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27
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Hamilton S, Terentyev D. Proarrhythmic Remodeling of Calcium Homeostasis in Cardiac Disease; Implications for Diabetes and Obesity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1517. [PMID: 30425651 PMCID: PMC6218530 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01517,+10.3389/fpls.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid growth in the incidence of diabetes and obesity has transpired to a major heath issue and economic burden in the postindustrial world, with more than 29 million patients affected in the United States alone. Cardiovascular defects have been established as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Over the last decade, significant progress has been made in delineating mechanisms responsible for the diminished cardiac contractile function and enhanced propensity for malignant cardiac arrhythmias characteristic of diabetic disease. Rhythmic cardiac contractility relies upon the precise interplay between several cellular Ca2+ transport protein complexes including plasmalemmal L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC), Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1), Sarco/endoplasmic Reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCa2a) and ryanodine receptors (RyR2s), the SR Ca2+ release channels. Here we provide an overview of changes in Ca2+ homeostasis in diabetic ventricular myocytes and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in the prevention of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States,Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States,*Correspondence: Dmitry Terentyev,
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28
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Sánchez-Aguilera P, Diaz-Vegas A, Campos C, Quinteros-Waltemath O, Cerda-Kohler H, Barrientos G, Contreras-Ferrat A, Llanos P. Role of ABCA1 on membrane cholesterol content, insulin-dependent Akt phosphorylation and glucose uptake in adult skeletal muscle fibers from mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1469-1477. [PMID: 30254016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) promotes cellular cholesterol efflux, leading to cholesterol binding to the extracellular lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I. ABCA1 regulates lipid content, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue. In skeletal muscle, most GLUT4-mediated glucose transport occurs in the transverse tubule, a system composed by specialized cholesterol-enriched invaginations of the plasma membrane. We have reported that insulin resistant mice have higher cholesterol levels in transverse tubule from adult skeletal muscle. These high levels correlate with decreased GLUT4 trafficking and glucose uptake; however, the role of ABCA1 on skeletal muscle insulin-dependent glucose metabolism remains largely unexplored. Here, we evaluated the functional role of the ABCA1 on insulin-dependent signaling pathways, glucose uptake and cellular cholesterol content in adult skeletal muscle. Male mice were fed for 8 weeks with normal chow diet (NCD) or high fat diet (HFD). Compared to NCD-fed mice, ABCA1 mRNA levels and protein content were lower in muscle homogenates from HFD-fed mice. In Flexor digitorum brevis muscle from NCD-fed mice, shABCA1-RFP in vivo electroporation resulted in 65% reduction of ABCA1 protein content, 1.6-fold increased fiber cholesterol levels, 74% reduction in insulin-dependent Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation, total suppression of insulin-dependent GLUT4 translocation and decreased 2-NBDG uptake compared to fibers electroporated with the scrambled plasmid. Pre-incubation with methyl-β cyclodextrin reestablished both GLUT4 translocation and 2-NBDG transport. Based on the present results, we suggest that decreased ABCA1 contributes to the anomalous cholesterol accumulation and decreased glucose transport displayed by skeletal muscle membranes in the insulin resistant condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sánchez-Aguilera
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Alexis Diaz-Vegas
- Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Hugo Cerda-Kohler
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Ariel Contreras-Ferrat
- ACCDiS, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Chile; CEMC, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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