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Saw PE, Liu Q, Wong PP, Song E. Cancer stem cell mimicry for immune evasion and therapeutic resistance. Cell Stem Cell 2024:S1934-5909(24)00211-X. [PMID: 38925125 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are heterogeneous, possess self-renewal attributes, and orchestrate important crosstalk in tumors. We propose that the CSC state represents "mimicry" by cancer cells that leads to phenotypic plasticity. CSC mimicry is suggested as CSCs can impersonate immune cells, vasculo-endothelia, or lymphangiogenic cells to support cancer growth. CSCs facilitate both paracrine and juxtracrine signaling to prime tumor-associated immune and stromal cells to adopt pro-tumoral phenotypes, driving therapeutic resistance. Here, we outline the ingenuity of CSCs' mimicry in their quest to evade immune detection, which leads to immunotherapeutic resistance, and highlight CSC-mimicry-targeted therapeutic strategies for robust immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Nanhai Clinical Translational Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Pui Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Nanhai Clinical Translational Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; Nanhai Clinical Translational Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, China; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Zenith Institute of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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2
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Hazra R, Chattopadhyay S, Mallick A, Gayen S, Roy S. Revealing the therapeutic properties of gut microbiota: transforming cancer immunotherapy from basic to clinical approaches. Med Oncol 2024; 41:175. [PMID: 38874788 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The immune system plays a pivotal role in the battle against cancer, serving as a formidable guardian in the ongoing fight against malignant cells. To combat these malignant cells, immunotherapy has emerged as a prevalent approach leveraging antibodies and peptides such as anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 to inhibit immune checkpoints and activate T lymphocytes. The optimization of gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating the defense system in the body. This study explores the potential of certain gut-resident bacteria to amplify the impact of immunotherapy. Contemporary antibiotic treatments, which can impair gut flora, may diminish the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers. Conversely, probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation can help re-establish intestinal microflora equilibrium. Additionally, the gut microbiome has been implicated in various strategies to counteract immune resistance, thereby enhancing the success of cancer immunotherapy. This paper also acknowledges cutting-edge technologies such as nanotechnology, CAR-T therapy, ACT therapy, and oncolytic viruses in modulating gut microbiota. Thus, an exhaustive review of literature was performed to uncover the elusive link that could potentiate the gut microbiome's role in augmenting the success of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudradeep Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Soumyadeep Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Arijit Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Sakuntala Gayen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India.
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3
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Fu C, Tong W, Yu L, Miao Y, Wei Q, Yu Z, Chen B, Wei M. When will the immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs) be transferred from bench to bedside? Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107160. [PMID: 38547937 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Immunostimulatory antibody conjugates (ISACs) as a promising new generation of targeted therapeutic antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), that not only activate innate immunity but also stimulate adaptive immunity, providing a dual therapeutic effect to eliminate tumor cells. However, several ISACs are still in the early stages of clinical development or have already failed. Therefore, it is crucial to design ISACs more effectively to overcome their limitations, including high toxicity, strong immunogenicity, long development time, and poor pharmacokinetics. This review aims to summarize the composition and function of ISACs, incorporating current design considerations and ongoing clinical trials. Additionally, the review delves into the current issues with ISACs and potential solutions, such as adjusting the drug-antibody ratio (DAR) to improve the bioavailability of ISACs. By leveraging the affinity and bioavailability-enhancing properties of bispecific antibodies, the utility between antibodies and immunostimulatory agents can be balanced. Commonly used immunostimulatory agents may induce systemic immune reactions, and BTK (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) inhibitors can regulate immunogenicity. Finally, the concept of grafting ADC's therapeutic principles is simple, but the combination of payload, linker, and targeted functional molecules is not a simple permutation and combination problem. The development of conjugate drugs faces more complex pharmacological and toxicological issues. Standing on the shoulders of ADC, the development and application scenarios of ISAC are endowed with broader space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Weiwei Tong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Lifeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Yuxi Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China
| | - Zhaojin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Anti-tumor Drug Development and Evaluation, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, PR China.
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4
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Yousefi Y, Baines KJ, Maleki Vareki S. Microbiome bacterial influencers of host immunity and response to immunotherapy. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101487. [PMID: 38547865 PMCID: PMC11031383 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences anti-tumor immunity and can induce or inhibit response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, microbiome features are being studied as predictive/prognostic biomarkers of patient response to ICIs, and microbiome-based interventions are attractive adjuvant treatments in combination with ICIs. Specific gut-resident bacteria can influence the effectiveness of immunotherapy; however, the mechanism of action on how these bacteria affect anti-tumor immunity and response to ICIs is not fully understood. Nevertheless, early bacterial-based therapeutic strategies have demonstrated that targeting the gut microbiome through various methods can enhance the effectiveness of ICIs, resulting in improved clinical responses in patients with a diverse range of cancers. Therefore, understanding the microbiota-driven mechanisms of response to immunotherapy can augment the success of these interventions, particularly in patients with treatment-refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Yousefi
- Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Kelly J Baines
- Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Saman Maleki Vareki
- Verspeeten Family Cancer Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
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5
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Zhou L, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Du K, Luo Y, Dai Y, Pan W, Zhang L, Zhang L, Tian F, Gu C. Cellular senescence and metabolic reprogramming model based on bulk/single-cell RNA sequencing reveals PTGER4 as a therapeutic target for ccRCC. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:451. [PMID: 38605343 PMCID: PMC11007942 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the prevailing histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma and has unique metabolic reprogramming during its occurrence and development. Cell senescence is one of the newly identified tumor characteristics. However, there is a dearth of methodical and all-encompassing investigations regarding the correlation between the broad-ranging alterations in metabolic processes associated with aging and ccRCC. We utilized a range of analytical methodologies, such as protein‒protein interaction network analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, to form and validate a risk score model known as the senescence-metabolism-related risk model (SeMRM). Our study demonstrated that SeMRM could more precisely predict the OS of ccRCC patients than the clinical prognostic markers in use. By utilizing two distinct datasets of ccRCC, ICGC-KIRC (the International Cancer Genome Consortium) and GSE29609, as well as a single-cell dataset (GSE156632) and real patient clinical information, and further confirmed the relationship between the senescence-metabolism-related risk score (SeMRS) and ccRCC patient progression. It is worth noting that patients who were classified into different subgroups based on the SeMRS exhibited notable variations in metabolic activity, immune microenvironment, immune cell type transformation, mutant landscape, and drug responsiveness. We also demonstrated that PTGER4, a key gene in SeMRM, regulated ccRCC cell proliferation, lipid levels and the cell cycle in vivo and in vitro. Together, the utilization of SeMRM has the potential to function as a dependable clinical characteristic to increase the accuracy of prognostic assessment for patients diagnosed with ccRCC, thereby facilitating the selection of suitable treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Youmiao Zeng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, Henan Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuanhao Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Kaixuan Du
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yongbo Luo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yiheng Dai
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Department of Urology, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Urological Tumor Research, Henan Institute of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenbang Pan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lailai Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Fengyan Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Chaohui Gu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
- Unit of Day Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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6
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Kim YS, Jeong YS, Bae GH, Kang JH, Lee M, Zabel BA, Bae YS. CD200R high neutrophils with dysfunctional autophagy establish systemic immunosuppression by increasing regulatory T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:349-361. [PMID: 38311677 PMCID: PMC10978921 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Distinct neutrophil populations arise during certain pathological conditions. The generation of dysfunctional neutrophils during sepsis and their contribution to septicemia-related systemic immune suppression remain unclear. In this study, using an experimental sepsis model that features immunosuppression, we identified a novel population of pathogenic CD200Rhigh neutrophils that are generated during the initial stages of sepsis and contribute to systemic immune suppression by enhancing regulatory T (Treg) cells. Compared to their CD200Rlow counterparts, sepsis-generated CD200Rhigh neutrophils exhibit impaired autophagy and dysfunction, with reduced chemotactic migration, superoxide anion production, and TNF-α production. Increased soluble CD200 blocks autophagy and neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow during experimental sepsis, and recombinant CD200 treatment in vitro can induce neutrophil dysfunction similar to that observed in CD200Rhigh neutrophils. The administration of an α-CD200R antibody effectively reversed neutrophil dysfunction by enhancing autophagy and protecting against a secondary infection challenge, leading to increased survival. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CD200Rhigh neutrophils expressed high levels of Igf1, which elicits the generation of Treg cells, while the administration of an α-CD200R antibody inhibited Treg cell generation in a secondary infection model. Taken together, our findings revealed a novel CD200Rhigh neutrophil population that mediates the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced systemic immunosuppression by generating Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Seon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Sun Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Ho Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ji Hyeon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Brian A Zabel
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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An D, He P, Liu H, Wang R, Yu X, Chen N, Guo X, Li X, Feng M. Enhanced chemoimmunotherapy of breast cancer in mice by apolipoprotein A1-modified doxorubicin liposomes combined with interleukin-21. J Drug Target 2023; 31:1098-1110. [PMID: 37909691 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2276664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Backgroud: Breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy among women, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprising approximately 15-20% of all cases, possessing high invasiveness, drug resistance and poor prognosis. Chemotherapy, the main treatment for TNBC, is limited by toxicity and drug resistance. Apolipoprotein A1 modified doxorubicin liposome (ApoA1-lip/Dox) was constructed in our previous study, with promising anti-tumour effect and improved safety been proved. However, during long-term administration, the problem of cumulative toxicity and insufficient tumour inhibition is still inevitable. Interleukin-21 is a small molecule protein secreted by T cells with various immune regulatory functions. IL-21 has significantly curative effects in numerous solid tumours, but it has the disadvantages of low response rate and short half-life. The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy has received increasing attention.Purpose: In this study, ApoA1 drug loading system and long-acting IL-21 are innovatively combined for tumour treatment.Methods: We combined ApoA1-lip/Dox and IL-21 for treatment and evaluated their impact on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD8+ T and NK cell cytotoxicity.Results: Combined administration significantly improved the tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and enhanced the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T and NK cells. The combination of ApoA1-lip/Dox and IL-21 exhibits significantly enhanced anti-tumour efficacy with lower toxicity of ApoA1-lip/Dox, providing a new strategy for TNBC treatment with enhanced anti-tumour response and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duopeng An
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng He
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchuan Liu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Yu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanye Chen
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Guo
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biological Medicines Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Minhang Hospital & School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
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Acharya R, Mahapatra A, Verma HK, Bhaskar LVKS. Unveiling Therapeutic Targets for Esophageal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:9542-9568. [PMID: 37999111 PMCID: PMC10670555 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30110691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a highly aggressive and deadly disease, ranking as the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis remains poor. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for achieving complete remission, with treatment options varying based on disease stage. Surgical intervention and endoscopic treatment are used for localized cancer, while systemic treatments like chemoradiotherapy and targeted drug therapy play a crucial role. Molecular markers such as HER2 and EGFR can be targeted with drugs like trastuzumab and cetuximab, and immunotherapy drugs like pembrolizumab and nivolumab show promise by targeting immune checkpoint proteins. Epigenetic modifications offer new avenues for targeted therapy. Treatment selection depends on factors like stage, tumor location, and patient health, with post-operative and rehabilitation care being essential. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and supportive care are key to improving outcomes. Continued research is needed to develop effective targeted drugs with minimal side effects. This review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers dedicated to enhancing esophageal cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, India; (R.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Ananya Mahapatra
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, India; (R.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of lungs Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany;
| | - L. V. K. S. Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, India; (R.A.); (A.M.)
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9
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Schardey J, Lu C, Neumann J, Wirth U, Li Q, Jiang T, Zimmermann P, Andrassy J, Bazhin AV, Werner J, Kühn F. Differential Immune Infiltration Profiles in Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer versus Sporadic Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4743. [PMID: 37835436 PMCID: PMC10571767 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is a significant factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, especially in colitis-associated CRC (CAC). T-cell exhaustion is known to influence inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) progression and antitumor immunity in IBD patients. This study aimed to identify unique immune infiltration characteristics in CAC patients. METHODS We studied 20 CAC and 20 sporadic CRC (sCRC) patients, who were matched by tumor stage, grade, and location. Immunohistochemical staining targeted various T-cell markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, and FOXP3), T-cell exhaustion markers (TOX and TIGIT), a B-cell marker (CD20), and a neutrophil marker (CD66b) in tumor and tumor-free mucosa from both groups. The quantification of the tumor immune stroma algorithm assessed immune-infiltrating cells. RESULTS CAC patients had significantly lower TOX+ cell infiltration than sCRC in tumors (p = 0.02) and paracancerous tissues (p < 0.01). Right-sided CAC showed increased infiltration of TOX+ cells (p = 0.01), FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells (p < 0.01), and CD20+ B-cells (p < 0.01) compared to left-sided CAC. In sCRC, higher tumor stages (III and IV) had significantly lower TIGIT+ infiltrate than stages I and II. In CAC, high CD3+ (p < 0.01) and CD20+ (p < 0.01) infiltrates correlated with improved overall survival. In sCRC, better survival was associated with decreased TIGIT+ cells (p < 0.038) and reduced CD8+ infiltrates (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION In CAC, high CD3+ and CD20+ infiltrates relate to improved survival, while this association is absent in sCRC. The study revealed marked differences in TIGIT and TOX expression, emphasizing distinctions between CAC and sCRC. T-cell exhaustion appears to have a different role in CAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Schardey
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Can Lu
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER & Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jens Neumann
- Department of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wirth
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tianxiao Jiang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Zimmermann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Andrassy
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Kühn
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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10
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Yi J, Lin P, Li Q, Zhang A, Kong X. A new strategy for treating colorectal cancer: Regulating the influence of intestinal flora and oncolytic virus on interferon. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 30:254-274. [PMID: 37701850 PMCID: PMC10493895 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third highest incidence and the second highest mortality in the world, which seriously affects human health, while current treatments methods for CRC, including systemic therapy, preoperative radiotherapy, and surgical local excision, still have poor survival rates for patients with metastatic disease, making it critical to develop new strategies for treating CRC. In this article, we found that the gut microbiota can modulate the signaling pathways of cancer cells through direct contact with tumor cells, generate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems, and produce diverse metabolic combinations to trigger specific immune responses and promote the initiation of systemic type I interferon (IFN-I) and anti-viral immunity. In addition, oncolytic virus-mediated immunotherapy for regulating oncolytic virus can directly lyse tumor cells, induce the immune activity of the body, interact with interferon, inhibit the anti-viral effect of IFN-I, and enhance the anti-tumor effect of IFN-II. Interferon plays an important role in the anti-tumor process. We put forward that exploring the effects of intestinal flora and oncolytic virus on interferon to treat CRC is a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Peizhe Lin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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11
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Xie R, Wang Y, Tong F, Yang W, Lei T, Du Y, Wang X, Yang Z, Gong T, Shevtsov M, Gao H. Hsp70-Targeting and Size-Tunable Nanoparticles Combine with PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Glioma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300570. [PMID: 37222118 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Invasive glioma usually disrupts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), making the delivery of nanodrugs across the BBB possible, but sufficient targeting ability is still avidly needed to improve drug accumulation in glioma. Membrane-bound heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is expressed on the membrane of glioma cells rather than adjacent normal cells, therefore it can serve as a specific glioma target. Meanwhile, prolonging the retention in tumors is important for active-targeting nanoparticles to overcome receptor-binding barriers. Herein, the Hsp70-targeting and acid-triggered self-assembled gold nanoparticles (D-A-DA/TPP) are proposed to realize selective delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) to glioma. In the weakly acidic glioma matrix, D-A-DA/TPP formed aggregates to prolong retention, improve receptor-binding efficiency and facilitate acid-responsive DOX release. DOX accumulation in glioma induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) to promote antigen presentation. Meanwhile, combination with the PD-1 checkpoint blockade further activate T cells and provokes robust anti-tumor immunity. The results showed that D-A-DA/TPP can induce more glioma apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo studies indicated D-A-DA/TPP plus PD-1 checkpoint blockade significantly improved median survival time. This study offeres a potential nanocarrier combining size-tunable strategy with active targeting ability to increase drug enrichment in glioma and synergizes with PD-1 checkpoint blockade to achieve chemo-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufan Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Zixiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 194064, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, 610064, Chengdu, China
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12
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Miftah H, Naji O, Ssi SA, Ghouzlani A, Lakhdar A, Badou A. NR2F6, a new immune checkpoint that acts as a potential biomarker of immunosuppression and contributes to poor clinical outcome in human glioma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139268. [PMID: 37575237 PMCID: PMC10419227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intoroduction Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 6 (NR2F6) is a promising checkpoint target for cancer immunotherapy. However, there has been no investigation of NR2F6 in glioma. Our study systematically explored the clinical characteristics and biological functions of NR2F6 in gliomas. Methods We extracted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of 663 glioma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as the training cohort and 325 samples from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) as the validation cohort. We also confirmed the NR2F6 gene expression feature in our own cohort of 60 glioma patients. R language and GraphPad Prism softwares were mainly used for statistical analysis and graphical work. Results We found that NR2F6 was significantly related to high tumor aggressiveness and poor outcomes for glioma patients. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that NR2F6 was associated with many biological processes that are related to glioma progression, such as angiogenesis, and with multiple immune-related functions. Moreover, NR2F6 was found to be significantly correlated with stromal and immune infiltration in gliomas. Subsequent analysis based on Gliomas single-cell sequencing datasets showed that NR2F6 was expressed in immune cells, tumor cells, and stromal cells. Mechanistically, results suggested that NR2F6 might act as a potential immunosuppression-mediated molecule in the glioma microenvironment through multiple ways, such as the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, M2 polarization of macrophages, in addition to combining with other immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusion Our findings indicated that intracellular targeting of NR2F6 in both immune cells and tumor cells, as well as stromal cells, may represent a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for glioma. Stromal cells, may represent a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Miftah
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Oumayma Naji
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Saadia Ait Ssi
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amina Ghouzlani
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Lakhdar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center (UHC) Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Research on Neurologic, Neurosensorial Diseases and Handicap, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Badou
- Immuno-Genetics and Human Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Center for Research and Innovation, Rabat, Morocco
- Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
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13
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Kciuk M, Yahya EB, Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed M, Rashid S, Iqbal MO, Kontek R, Abdulsamad MA, Allaq AA. Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 37345057 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the current leading causes of death worldwide, despite the novel advances that have been made toward its treatment, it is still considered a major public health concern. Considering both the serious impact of cancer on public health and the significant side effects and complications of conventional therapeutic options, the current strategies towards targeted cancer therapy must be enhanced to avoid undesired toxicity. Cancer immunotherapy has become preferable among researchers in recent years compared to conventional therapeutic options, such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. The understanding of how to control immune checkpoints, develop therapeutic cancer vaccines, genetically modify immune cells as well as enhance the activation of antitumor immune response led to the development of novel cancer treatments. In this review, we address recent advances in cancer immunotherapy molecular mechanisms. Different immunotherapeutic approaches are critically discussed, focusing on the challenges, potential risks, and prospects involving their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | | | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Muhanad A Abdulsamad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Sabratha University, Sabratha 00218, Libya
| | - Abdulmutalib A Allaq
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia
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14
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Dong Q, Han D, Li B, Yang Y, Ren L, Xiao T, Zhang J, Li Z, Yang H, Liu H. Bionic lipoprotein loaded with chloroquine-mediated blocking immune escape improves antitumor immunotherapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124342. [PMID: 37030459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy hold great promise for eradicating tumors. However, immune escape and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumor usually limit the efficiency of tumor immunotherapy. Therefore, simultaneously blocking immune escape and improving immunosuppressive microenvironment are the current problems to be solved urgently. Among them, CD47 on cancer cells membrane could bind to signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) on macrophages membrane and sent out "don't eat me" signal, which was an important pathway of immune escape. The large number of M2-type macrophages in tumor microenvironment was a significant factor contributing to the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here, we present a drug loading system for enhancing cancer immunotherapy, comprising CD47 antibody (aCD47) and chloroquine (CQ) with Bionic lipoprotein (BLP) carrier (BLP-CQ-aCD47). On the one hand, as drug delivery carrier, BLP could allow CQ to be preferentially taken up by M2-type macrophages, thereby efficiently polarized M2-type tumor-promoting cells into M1-type anti-tumor cells. On the other hand, blocking CD47 from binding to SIRPα could block the "don't eat me" signal, and improve the phagocytosis of macrophages to tumor cells. Taken together, BLP-CQ-aCD47 could block immune escape, improve immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumor, and induce a strong immune response without substantial systemic toxicity. Therefore, it provides a new idea for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dandan Han
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Baoku Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Tingshan Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan 523059, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Huifang Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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15
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Fu Q, Han Z, Wang D, Umar Shinge SA, Muluh TA, Lu X. Combined Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies for Cancer Treatment: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2023; 23:251-264. [PMID: 36278447 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666221020104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The previous year's worldview for cancer treatment has advanced from general to more precise therapeutic approaches. Chemotherapies were first distinguished as the most reliable and brief therapy with promising outcomes in cancer patients. However, patients could also suffer from severe toxicities resulting from chemotherapeutic drug usage. An improved comprehension of cancer pathogenesis has led to new treatment choices, including tumor-targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Subsequently, cancer immunotherapy and targeted therapy give more hope to patients since their combination has tremendous therapeutic efficacy. The immune system responses are also initiated and modulated by targeted therapies and cytotoxic agents, which create the principal basis that when targeted therapies are combined with immunotherapy, the clinical outcomes are of excellent efficacy, as presented in this review. This review focuses on how immunotherapy and targeted therapy are applicable in cancer management and treatment. Also, it depicts promising therapeutic results with more extensive immunotherapy applications with targeted therapy. Further elaborate that immune system responses are also initiated and modulated by targeted therapies and cytotoxic agents, which create the principal basis that this combination therapy with immunotherapy can be of great outcome clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Luzhou, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Luzhou, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia Fu
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Luzhou, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Luzhou, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Daijie Wang
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Luzhou, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shafiu A Umar Shinge
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Tobias Achu Muluh
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Lu
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Luzhou, 646000 Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Yu L, Zhang J, Li Y. Effects of microenvironment in osteosarcoma on chemoresistance and the promise of immunotherapy as an osteosarcoma therapeutic modality. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871076. [PMID: 36311748 PMCID: PMC9608329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common primary malignant tumors originating in bones. Its high malignancy typically manifests in lung metastasis leading to high mortality. Although remarkable advances in surgical resection and neoadjuvant chemotherapy have lengthened life expectancy and greatly improved the survival rate among OS patients, no further breakthroughs have been achieved. It is challenging to treat patients with chemoresistant tumors and distant metastases. Recent studies have identified a compelling set of links between hypoxia and chemotherapy failure. Here, we review the evidence supporting the positive effects of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, certain anticancer effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors have been demonstrated in OS preclinical models. Continued long-term observation in clinical trials is required. In the present review, we discuss the mutualistic effects of the TME in OS treatment and summarize the mechanisms of immunotherapy and their interaction with TME when used to treat OS. We also suggest that immunotherapy, a new comprehensive and potential antitumor approach that stimulates an immune response to eliminate tumor cells, may represent an innovative approach for the development of a novel treatment regimen for OS patients.
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17
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Namachivayam A, Murali R, Prabakaran DS, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Ramanathan G, Doss C. GP, Gopalakrishnan AV. Role of Immune Cells and Receptors in Cancer Treatment: An Immunotherapeutic Approach. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091493. [PMID: 36146572 PMCID: PMC9502517 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy moderates the immune system’s ability to fight cancer. Due to its extreme complexity, scientists are working to put together all the puzzle pieces to get a clearer picture of the immune system. Shreds of available evidence show the connection between cancer and the immune system. Immune responses to tumors and lymphoid malignancies are influenced by B cells, γδT cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). Cancer immunotherapy, which encompasses adoptive cancer therapy, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), immune checkpoint therapy, and CART cells, has revolutionized contemporary cancer treatment. This article reviews recent developments in immune cell regulation and cancer immunotherapy. Various options are available to treat many diseases, particularly cancer, due to the progress in various immunotherapies, such as monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, vaccinations (both preventative and curative), cellular immunotherapies, and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunraj Namachivayam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. S. Prabakaran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College (Autonomous), Srivilliputhur Main Road, Sivakasi 626124, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C.
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence:
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Wang X, Ji C. Construction of a prognostic risk model based on apoptosis-related genes to assess tumor immune microenvironment and predict prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:400. [PMID: 36028814 PMCID: PMC9414141 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious malignant disease with high incidence, high mortality and poor prognosis. This study aimed to establish a novel signature based on apoptosis-related genes (ARGs) to predict the prognosis of HCC. METHODS Expression data of HCC from TCGA database and the list of 160 ARGs from MSigDB were downloaded. The genes included in apoptosis-related signature were selected by univariate Cox regression analysis and lasso Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, a prognostic risk model for scoring patients was developed, and then separates patients into two groups. Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of the model in TCGA, GEO and ICGC databases. The characteristics of immune cell infiltration between two groups of HCC were investigated. Finally, a nomogram was plotted to visualize the prognosis prediction. RESULTS Nine genes (CDC25B, DAP3, ETF1, GSR, LGALS3, MGMT, PPP2R5B, SQSTM1 and VDAC2) were included in the prognostic risk model. Survival was lower in the high-risk group. Surprisingly, the high-risk group was significantly more in immune cell infiltration and with higher immunoscore and stromalscore than in the low-risk group. In addition, the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for HCC. CONCLUSIONS Prognostic signature comprising nine ARGs could be used as a potential prognostic factor for HCC. It also provides an important idea for further understanding the immunotherapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.,Internal Medicine, Yuhua Yunfang Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Clinic, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chenguang Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
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19
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Song N, Liu J, Zhang K, Yang J, Cui K, Miao Z, Zhao F, Meng H, Chen L, Chen C, Li Y, Shao M, Su W, Wang H. The LIM Protein AJUBA is a Potential Oncogenic Target and Prognostic Marker in Human Cancer via Pan-Cancer Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:921897. [PMID: 35898403 PMCID: PMC9309301 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.921897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The LIM (Lin-11, Isl1, MEC-3) domain protein AJUBA is involved in multiple biological functions, and its aberrant expression is related to the occurrence and progression of various cancers. However, there are no analytical studies on AJUBA in pan-cancer. Methods: We performed a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis and explored the potential oncogenic roles of AJUBA, including gene expression, genetic mutation, protein phosphorylation, clinical diagnostic biomarker, prognosis, and AJUBA-related immune infiltration based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases. Results: The results revealed that the expression of AJUBA highly correlated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with different types of cancer. Meanwhile, AJUBA expression was positively correlated with cancer-associated fibroblasts in many human cancers, such as breast invasive carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, brain lower-grade glioma, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV). Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses showed that AJUBA is mainly involved in protein serine/threonine kinase activity, cell–cell junction, covalent chromatin modification, and Hippo signaling pathway. Conclusion: The pan-cancer study reveals the oncogenic roles of AJUBA and provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular biological genetic information of AJUBA in various tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kai Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhuang Miao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Feiyue Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongjing Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yushan Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei Su
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Haijun Wang,
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20
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Zhao W, Jin L, Chen P, Li D, Gao W, Dong G. Colorectal cancer immunotherapy-Recent progress and future directions. Cancer Lett 2022; 545:215816. [PMID: 35810989 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Compared with conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy, immunotherapy has changed the treatment prospects of various solid tumors and has recently become the main treatment method for metastatic or recurrent solid tumors, including malignant melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based immunotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) has yielded satisfactory results in terms of safety and efficacy, and several immunotherapeutic agents, including pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and ipilimumab, have been approved for the treatment of advanced CRC. The advent of other immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells or cancer vaccines, have also contributed to the development of immunotherapy for CRC. Here, we summarize the findings of recent clinical trials on the efficacy of immunotherapy in CRC and briefly describe the mechanisms associated with tumor-intrinsic resistance to ICIs. We then discuss potential biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lujia Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Dingchang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wenxing Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guanglong Dong
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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21
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Zhou C, Shangguan C, Shi M, Xi W, Wu J, Yang H, Guo L, Cai Q, Shi Y, Liu J, Zhang J. Camrelizumab and metronomic capecitabine for patients with treatment-refractory solid tumors (McCREST trial). Future Oncol 2022; 18:2495-2503. [PMID: 35703115 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This is an open-label, single-center, multi-cohort phase Ib trial, which consists of three cohorts, including cohort 1 (HER2 negative gastric or gastric esophageal junction adenocarcinoma), cohort 2 (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) and cohort 3 (hepato-biliary-pancreatic and non-stomach non-esophagi gastrointestinal carcinoma). All eligible patients will be treated by camrelizumab (200 mg, every 2 weeks) and capecitabine (500 mg, twice a day, per os). The primary end point is the safety profiles of camrelizumab plus metronomic capecitabine according to CTCAE v5.0. The secondary end points are progression free survival, overall survival, objective response rate, disease control rate and duration of response. Planned enrollment is 20 subjects for each cohort. Total duration of this trial is expected to be 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chengfang Shangguan
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenqi Xi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Junwei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liting Guo
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qu Cai
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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22
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Differential Immune Checkpoint and Ig-like V-Type Receptor Profiles in COVID-19: Associations with Severity and Treatment. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123287. [PMID: 35743356 PMCID: PMC9225268 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying patients' immune system status has become critical to managing SARS-CoV-2 infection and avoiding the appearance of secondary infections during a hospital stay. Despite the high volume of research, robust severity and outcome markers are still lacking in COVID-19. We recruited 87 COVID-19 patients and analyzed, by unbiased automated software, 356 parameters at baseline emergency department admission including: high depth immune phenotyping and immune checkpoint expression by spectral flow cytometry, cytokines and other soluble molecules in plasma as well as routine clinical variables. We identified 69 baseline alterations in the expression of immune checkpoints, Ig-like V type receptors and other immune population markers associated with severity (O2 requirement). Thirty-four changes in these markers/populations were associated with secondary infection appearance. In addition, through a longitudinal sample collection, we described the changes which take place in the immune system of COVID-19 patients during secondary infections and in response to corticosteroid treatment. Our study provides information about immune checkpoint molecules and other less-studied receptors with Ig-like V-type domains such as CD108, CD226, HVEM (CD270), B7H3 (CD276), B7H5 (VISTA) and GITR (CD357), defining these as novel interesting molecules in severe and corticosteroids-treated acute infections.
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23
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Thermodynamic stability of cisplatin-loaded polymeric micelles and the phenotypic switching of the tumor-associated macrophages induced by combination of cisplatin-loaded micelles and Anti-PD-L1 antibody. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121860. [PMID: 35654378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an effective anti-tumor treatment. Some anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs can not only induce cell death, but can also elicit antitumor immune responses. Here, the stability of cisplatin-loaded polymeric micelles (CDDP-PMs), pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions of CDDP and anti-PD-L1 antibody (aPD-L1) in vivo and the alteration of the tumor microenvironment by combination of CDDP-PMs and aPD-L1 were evaluated. CDDP-PMs were fabricated by coordinated complexation and self-assembly method for tumor targeting. CDDP-PMs with higher mass ratio of copolymer have higher thermodynamic stability. The pharmacokinetic study showed that the CDDP and aPD-L1 were metabolized and cleared by two different pathways, suggesting that there is almost no risk of potential drug interactions between CDDP and aPD-L1 and the combination of aPD-L1 and CDDP- PMs may not alter the tissue distribution of CDDP. In vivo antitumor test showed that the tumor growth inhibition rates of CDDP-PMs combined with medium-dose aPD-L1 and CDDP-PMs combined with high-dose PD-L1 were 89.41% and 93.16%, respectively and therapeutic efficacy can be further increased by increasing the dose of aPD-L1 in co-administration group. This therapeutic system by combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy further increases the link between them and holds great potential to offer better safety and antitumor efficacy profiles.
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24
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Luo W, Napoleon JV, Zhang F, Lee YG, Wang B, Putt KS, Low PS. Repolarization of Tumor-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells for Augmentation of CAR T Cell Therapies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:816761. [PMID: 35250995 PMCID: PMC8889096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.816761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although CAR T cell therapies have proven to be effective in treating hematopoietic cancers, their abilities to regress solid tumors have been less encouraging. Mechanisms to explain these disparities have focused primarily on differences in cancer cell heterogeneity, barriers to CAR T cell penetration of solid tumors, and immunosuppressive microenvironments. To evaluate the contributions of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) on CAR T cell efficacies, we have exploited the ability of a folate-targeted Toll-like receptor 7 agonist (FA-TLR7-1A) to specifically reactivate TAMs and MDSCs from an immunosuppressive to pro-inflammatory phenotype without altering the properties of other immune cells. We report here that FA-TLR7-1A significantly augments standard CAR T cell therapies of 4T1 solid tumors in immune competent mice. We further show that co-administration of the FA-TLR7-1A with the CAR T cell therapy not only repolarizes TAMs and MDSCs from an M2-like anti-inflammatory to M1-like pro-inflammatory phenotype, but also enhances both CAR T cell and endogenous T cell accumulation in solid tumors while concurrently increasing their states of activation. Because analogous myeloid cells in healthy tissues ar not altered by administration of FA-TLR7-1A, no systemic activation of the immune system nor accompanying weight loss is observed. These data argue that immunosuppressive myeloid cells contribute prominently to the failure of CAR T cells to eradicate solid tumors and suggest that methods to reprogram tumor associated myeloid cells to a more inflammatory phenotype could significantly augment the potencies of CAR T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichuan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - John V Napoleon
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Fenghua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Yong Gu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Karson S Putt
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery and Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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25
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Immunotherapy for Esophageal Cancer: State-of-the Art in 2021. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030554. [PMID: 35158822 PMCID: PMC8833794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of esophageal cancer (EC) has experienced manifold changes during the last decades. Centralization of EC treatment has been introduced in many countries, subsequently allowing the development of specialized high-volume centers. Minimal invasive surgery has replaced open surgery in many centers, whereas more potent systemic treatments have been introduced in clinical practice. Newer chemotherapy regimens increase long-term survival. Nevertheless, the overall survival of EC patients remains dismal for advanced tumor stages. In this direction, a wide range of targeted biologic agents (immunotherapy) is currently under assessment. Anti- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2) monoclonal antibodies are used in HER2 (+) tumors, predominantly well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, and are currently assessed in the neoadjuvant setting (TRAP, INNOVATION trials). Immune checkpoint inhibitors Nivolumab (ATTRACTION-03) and pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-181), have demonstrated a survival benefit compared with conventional chemotherapy in heavily pre-treated progressive disease. More recently, CheckMate-577 showed very promising results for nivolumab in a curative adjuvant setting, improving disease-free survival mainly for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Several ongoing trials are investigating novel targeted agents in the preoperative setting of locally advanced EC. In addition, other immunomodulatory approaches such as peptide vaccines and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are currently under development and should be increasingly integrated into clinical practice.
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26
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Ferroptosis-Associated Classifier and Indicator for Prognostic Prediction in Cutaneous Melanoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3658196. [PMID: 34745259 PMCID: PMC8568558 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3658196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis plays a critical role in different types of cancers, but the prognostic impact of ferroptosis in cutaneous melanoma remains lacking. Therefore, ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) were firstly obtained from the FerrDb database and the differentially expressed FRGs were identified by the “limma” algorithm. Next, the prognostic differentially expressed FRGs were screened out by univariate Cox regression, which were subsequently used to cluster melanomas into two subtypes (clusters A and B). Besides, the Boruta algorithm and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to build a 15-FRGs indicator, which can robustly predict patients' overall survival (OS) and be considered as an independent prognostic factor in melanoma. The melanoma patients were further divided into high- and low-FRGs score groups. The high score group have a good prognosis, with higher T cell immune infiltrating and lower mutation frequencies in NRAS, KRAS, and NF1. Finally, we discovered that many immune processes and several chemotherapy drugs were closely associated with FRGs score. Thus, our study provides a novel ferroptosis-associated classifier and indicator to predict the prognosis of melanoma. Besides, we identified several potential chemotherapy drugs to induce ferroptosis and could supply additional effective treatments.
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27
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Leal AS, Moerland JA, Zhang D, Carapellucci S, Lockwood B, Krieger-Burke T, Aleiwi B, Ellsworth E, Liby KT. The RXR Agonist MSU42011 Is Effective for the Treatment of Preclinical HER2+ Breast Cancer and Kras-Driven Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5004. [PMID: 34638488 PMCID: PMC8508021 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Notwithstanding numerous therapeutic advances, 176,000 deaths from breast and lung cancers will occur in the United States in 2021 alone. The tumor microenvironment and its modulation by drugs have gained increasing attention and relevance, especially with the introduction of immunotherapy as a standard of care in clinical practice. Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily and upon ligand binding, function as transcription factors to modulate multiple cell functions. Bexarotene, the only FDA-approved RXR agonist, is still used to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. (2) Methods: To test the immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects of MSU42011, a new RXR agonist, we used two different immunocompetent murine models (MMTV-Neu mice, a HER2 positive model of breast cancer and the A/J mouse model, in which vinyl carbamate is used to initiate lung tumorigenesis) and an immunodeficient xenograft lung cancer model. (3) Results: Treatment of established tumors in immunocompetent models of HER2-positive breast cancer and Kras-driven lung cancer with MSU42011 significantly decreased the tumor burden and increased the ratio of CD8/CD4, CD25 T cells, which correlates with enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. Moreover, the combination of MSU42011 and immunotherapy (anti-PDL1 and anti-PD1 antibodies) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced tumor size vs. individual treatments. However, MSU42011 was ineffective in an athymic human A549 lung cancer xenograft model, supporting an immunomodulatory mechanism of action. (4) Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest that the RXR agonist MSU42011 can be used to modulate the tumor microenvironment in breast and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Leal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.S.L.); (J.A.M.); (D.Z.); (S.C.); (B.L.); (T.K.-B.); (B.A.); (E.E.)
| | - Jessica A. Moerland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.S.L.); (J.A.M.); (D.Z.); (S.C.); (B.L.); (T.K.-B.); (B.A.); (E.E.)
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.S.L.); (J.A.M.); (D.Z.); (S.C.); (B.L.); (T.K.-B.); (B.A.); (E.E.)
| | - Sarah Carapellucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.S.L.); (J.A.M.); (D.Z.); (S.C.); (B.L.); (T.K.-B.); (B.A.); (E.E.)
| | - Beth Lockwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.S.L.); (J.A.M.); (D.Z.); (S.C.); (B.L.); (T.K.-B.); (B.A.); (E.E.)
| | - Teresa Krieger-Burke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.S.L.); (J.A.M.); (D.Z.); (S.C.); (B.L.); (T.K.-B.); (B.A.); (E.E.)
- In Vivo Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Bilal Aleiwi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.S.L.); (J.A.M.); (D.Z.); (S.C.); (B.L.); (T.K.-B.); (B.A.); (E.E.)
- Medicinal Chemistry Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Edmund Ellsworth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.S.L.); (J.A.M.); (D.Z.); (S.C.); (B.L.); (T.K.-B.); (B.A.); (E.E.)
- Medicinal Chemistry Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Karen T. Liby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.S.L.); (J.A.M.); (D.Z.); (S.C.); (B.L.); (T.K.-B.); (B.A.); (E.E.)
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28
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Ma LR, Li JX, Tang L, Li RZ, Yang JS, Sun A, Leung ELH, Yan PY. Immune checkpoints and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: Novel study progression, challenges and solutions. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:787. [PMID: 34594428 PMCID: PMC8456509 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer with the highest mortality rate worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ~85% of the total number of lung cancer cases. In the past two decades, immunotherapy has become a more promising treatment method than traditional treatments (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Immunotherapy has been shown to improve the survival rate of patients and to have a superior effect when controlling lung cancer than traditional therapy. However, only a small number of patients can benefit from immunotherapy, and not all patients who qualify experience long-term benefits. In the clinic, the objective response rate of programmed cell death protein 1 treatment without the prior screening of patients is only 15-20%. Immunotherapy is associated with both opportunities and challenges for patients with NSCLC. The current challenges of immunotherapy include the lack of accurate biomarkers, inevitable resistance and insufficient understanding of immune checkpoints. In previous years, several methods for overcoming the challenges posed by immunotherapy have been proposed, but combination therapy is the most suitable choice. A large number of studies have shown that the combination of drugs can significantly improve their efficacy, compared with monotherapy, and that some therapeutic combinations have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of NSCLC. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a traditional medical practice in China that can play an important role in immunotherapy. Most agents used in TCM originate from plants, and have the advantages of low toxicity and multiple targets. In addition, TCM includes a unique class of drugs that can improve autoimmunity. Therefore, TCM may be a promising treatment method for all types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Rui Ma
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Ling Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Run-Ze Li
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Shun Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ao Sun
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China.,Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai 519000, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yu Yan
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, P.R. China
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29
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Zhang L, Huang J, Chen X, Pan C, He Y, Su R, Guo D, Yin S, Wang S, Zhou L, Chen J, Zheng S, Qiao Y. Self-assembly nanovaccine containing TLR7/8 agonist and STAT3 inhibitor enhances tumor immunotherapy by augmenting tumor-specific immune response. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003132. [PMID: 34452929 PMCID: PMC8404452 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer vaccines are a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer vaccines elicits a specific cytotoxic immune response to tumor antigens. However, the efficacy of traditional peptide-based cancer vaccines is limited due to the inefficient delivery of antigens and adjuvants to dendritic cells (DCs). Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel rationally designed cancer vaccine to maximize its desired effects. METHODS A Self-assembling Vehicle-free Multi-component Antitumor nanoVaccine (SVMAV) was constructed by using an unsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-conjugated antigen and R848 (a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist) to encapsulate stattic (a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibitor). The characteristics of SVMAV were investigated. The ability of SVMAV to promote DC functions was examined by in vitro analysis. The antitumor effects of SVMAV and its combination with antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 antibody (aPD-1) were also investigated in vivo. The potential application of SVMAV for neoantigen-targeted, personalized cancer vaccines was examined in an orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma model. RESULTS The obtained SVMAV efficiently migrated into lymph nodes and primed CD8+ T cells for exert neoantigen-specific killing by promoting the antigen uptake by DCs, stimulating DC maturation, and enhancing antigen cross-presentation, due to the simultaneous delivery of the antigen, R848 and stattic. SVMAV could not only yield a robust antitumor effect for primary melanoma allografts, but also exert a protective effect for lung metastases. Moreover, combination treatment of SVMAV and aPD-1 exerted synergistic antitumor activity and extended the survival duration of melanoma-bearing mice. Notably, a cell line-specific neoantigen-based SVMAV was designed according to predicted neoantigens for Hepa1-6 cells to examine the potential application of SVMAV for personalized cancer vaccine. Encouragingly, neoantigen-specific SVMAV achieved stronger antitumor activity than aPD-1 in an orthotopic hepatocellular cancer model established with Hepa1-6 cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study offers an efficient codelivery platform for neoantigens and immunoregulatory compounds to enhance immune responses during cancer immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixu Pan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong He
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Su
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Danjing Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyong Yin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China .,Department of Hepatology, Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China .,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China .,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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30
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Marotte L, Simon S, Vignard V, Dupre E, Gantier M, Cruard J, Alberge JB, Hussong M, Deleine C, Heslan JM, Shaffer J, Beauvais T, Gaschet J, Scotet E, Fradin D, Jarry A, Nguyen T, Labarriere N. Increased antitumor efficacy of PD-1-deficient melanoma-specific human lymphocytes. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000311. [PMID: 32001504 PMCID: PMC7057432 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genome editing offers unique perspectives for optimizing the functional properties of T cells for adoptive cell transfer purposes. So far, PDCD1 editing has been successfully tested mainly in chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells and human primary T cells. Nonetheless, for patients with solid tumors, the adoptive transfer of effector memory T cells specific for tumor antigens remains a relevant option, and the use of high avidity T cells deficient for programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression is susceptible to improve the therapeutic benefit of these treatments. Methods Here we used the transfection of CAS9/sgRNA ribonucleoproteic complexes to edit PDCD1 gene in human effector memory CD8+ T cells specific for the melanoma antigen Melan-A. We cloned edited T cell populations and validated PDCD1 editing through sequencing and cytometry in each T cell clone, together with T-cell receptor (TCR) chain’s sequencing. We also performed whole transcriptomic analyses on wild-type (WT) and edited T cell clones. Finally, we documented in vitro and in vivo through adoptive transfer in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice, the antitumor properties of WT and PD-1KO T cell clones, expressing the same TCR. Results Here we demonstrated the feasibility to edit PDCD1 gene in human effector memory melanoma-specific T lymphocytes. We showed that PD-1 expression was dramatically reduced or totally absent on PDCD1-edited T cell clones. Extensive characterization of a panel of T cell clones expressing the same TCR and exhibiting similar functional avidity demonstrated superior antitumor reactivity against a PD-L1 expressing melanoma cell line. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a downregulation of genes involved in proliferation and DNA replication in PD-1-deficient T cell clones, whereas genes involved in metabolism and cell signaling were upregulated. Finally, we documented the superior ability of PD-1-deficient T cells to significantly delay the growth of a PD-L1 expressing human melanoma tumor in an NSG mouse model. Conclusion The use of such lymphocytes for adoptive cell transfer purposes, associated with other approaches modulating the tumor microenvironment, would be a promising alternative to improve immunotherapy efficacy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucine Marotte
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvain Simon
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Virginie Vignard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Emilie Dupre
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Malika Gantier
- LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRTI, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jonathan Cruard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Melanie Hussong
- NGS Assay Research & Development, Qiagen Sciences, Frederick, Maryland, United States
| | - Cecile Deleine
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Heslan
- LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRTI, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jonathan Shaffer
- NGS Assay Research & Development, Qiagen Sciences, Frederick, Maryland, United States
| | - Tiffany Beauvais
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Joelle Gaschet
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Delphine Fradin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Jarry
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Tuan Nguyen
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRTI, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Labarriere
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France .,LabEx IGO, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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31
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Li CL, Song Y. Combination strategies of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: facts and challenges. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1908-1919. [PMID: 34343148 PMCID: PMC8382384 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Immunotherapy has dramatically altered the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Currently, the emergence of combination strategies in immunotherapy has brightened the prospects of improved clinical outcomes and manageable safety profiles in the first/second-line settings. However, sub-optimal response rates are still observed in several clinical trials. Hence, alternative combination models and candidate selection strategies need to be explored. Herein, we have critically reviewed and commented on the published data from several clinical trials, including combined immunotherapy and chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic agents, epidermal growth factor receptor/anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors, radiotherapy, and other immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Ling Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
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32
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Cowdery SP, Stuart AL, Pasco JA, Berk M, Campbell D, Bjerkeset O, Williams LJ. Mood disorder and cancer onset: evidence from a population-based sample of Australian women. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2021; 43:355-361. [PMID: 32965431 PMCID: PMC8352740 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of mood disorders in cancer onset is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between mood disorder and incident cancer in a population-based sample of women. METHODS Data were derived from women aged 28-94 years participating in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Mood disorder was identified via Clinical Interview (SCID-I/NP). Cancer data was obtained following linkage with the Victorian Cancer Registry. Demographic and lifestyle factors were self-reported. Nested case-control and retrospective study designs were utilized. RESULTS In the case-control study (n=807), mood disorder was documented for 18 of the 75 (9.3%) cancer cases and among 288 controls (24.0% vs. 39.3%, p = 0.009). Prior exposure to mood disorder was associated with reduced cancer incidence (OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.28-0.84); this was sustained following adjustment for confounders (ORadj 0.52, 95%CI 0.30-0.90). In the retrospective cohort study (n=655), among 154 women with a history of mood disorder at baseline, 13 (8.5%) developed incident cancer during follow-up, whereas among 501 women with no history of mood disorder, 54 (10.8%) developed incident cancer. Exposure to mood disorder was not associated with incident cancer over the follow-up period (HR 0.58, 95%CI 0.31-1.08, p = 0.09). CONCLUSION Mood disorder was associated with reduced odds of cancer onset. However, this finding was not supported in the retrospective cohort study. Larger studies able to investigate specific cancers and mood disorders as well as underlying mechanisms in both men and women are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie P. Cowdery
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Amanda L. Stuart
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Julie A. Pasco
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Western Campus, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Orygen the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - David Campbell
- University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Norway
| | - Lana J. Williams
- Deakin University, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
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33
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Wu J, Wang S, Zheng B, Qiu X, Wang H, Chen L. Modulation of Gut Microbiota to Enhance Effect of Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669150. [PMID: 34267748 PMCID: PMC8276067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrated the crucial role of gut microbiota in many human diseases, including cancer. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy has emerged as a novel treatment and has been clinically accepted as a major therapeutic strategy for cancer. Gut microbiota is related to cancer and the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and supplement with specific bacterial species can restore or enhance the responses to the ICIs. Namely, specified bacteria can serve as the biomarkers for distinguishing the patient who will respond to ICIs and determine the effectiveness of ICIs, as well as predicting the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Regardless of the significant findings, the relationship between gut microbiota and the effect of ICIs treatment needs a more thorough understanding to provide more effective therapeutic plans and reduce treatment complication. In this review, we summarized the role of gut microbiota played in immune system and cancer. We mainly focus on the relationship between gut microbiota and the checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Wu
- Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology (IMIB), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyao Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology (IMIB), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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34
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Lei MML, Lee TKW. Cancer Stem Cells: Emerging Key Players in Immune Evasion of Cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:692940. [PMID: 34235155 PMCID: PMC8257022 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.692940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of undifferentiated cancer cells within the tumor bulk that are responsible for tumor initiation, recurrence and therapeutic resistance. The enhanced ability of CSCs to give rise to new tumors suggests potential roles of these cells in the evasion of immune surveillance. A growing body of evidence has described the interplay between CSCs and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Recent data have shown the pivotal role of some major immune cells in driving the expansion of CSCs, which concurrently elicit evasion of the detection and destruction of various immune cells through a number of distinct mechanisms. Here, we will discuss the role of immune cells in driving the stemness of cancer cells and provide evidence of how CSCs evade immune surveillance by exerting their effects on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), dendritic cells (DCs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), T-regulatory (Treg) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The knowledge gained from the interaction between CSCs and various immune cells will provide insight into the mechanisms by which tumors evade immune surveillance. In conclusion, CSC-targeted immunotherapy emerges as a novel immunotherapy strategy against cancer by disrupting the interaction between immune cells and CSCs in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mang Leng Lei
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Terence Kin Wah Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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35
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Lampis A, Ratti M, Ghidini M, Mirchev MB, Okuducu AF, Valeri N, Hahne JC. Challenges and perspectives for immunotherapy in oesophageal cancer: A look to the future (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:97. [PMID: 33846775 PMCID: PMC8041478 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with limited treatment options, thus resulting in a high morbidity and mortality. With 5‑year survival rates of only 5‑10%, oesophageal cancer holds a dismal prognosis for patients. In order to improve overall survival, the early diagnosis and tools for patient stratification for personalized treatment are urgent needs. A minority of oesophageal cancers belong to the spectrum of Lynch syndrome‑associated cancers and are characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI). Microsatellite instability is a consequence of defective mismatch repair protein functions and it has been well characterized in other gastrointestinal tumours, such as colorectal and gastric cancer. In the latter, high levels of MSI are associated with a better prognosis and with an increased benefit to immune‑based therapies. Therefore, similar therapeutic approaches could offer an opportunity of treatment for oesophageal cancer patients with MSI. Apart from immune checkpoint inhibitors, other immunotherapies such as adoptive T‑cell transfer, peptide vaccine and oncolytic viruses are under investigation in oesophageal cancer patients. In the present review, the rationale and current knowledge about immunotherapies in oesophageal cancer are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lampis
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM25NG, UK
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM25NG, UK
| | - Margherita Ratti
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM25NG, UK
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM25NG, UK
- Medical Department, Division of Oncology, Hospital Trust of Cremona, I-26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital Policlinic 'Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore', I-20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Milko B. Mirchev
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM25NG, UK
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM25NG, UK
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton SM25NG, UK
| | - Jens Claus Hahne
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM25NG, UK
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM25NG, UK
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36
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Merino M, Lozano T, Casares N, Lana H, Troconiz IF, Ten Hagen TLM, Kochan G, Berraondo P, Zalba S, Garrido MJ. Dual activity of PD-L1 targeted Doxorubicin immunoliposomes promoted an enhanced efficacy of the antitumor immune response in melanoma murine model. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:102. [PMID: 33849551 PMCID: PMC8042980 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunomodulation of the antitumor response driven by immunocheckpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as PD-L1 (Programmed Death Ligand-1) monoclonal antibody (α-PD-L1) have shown relevant clinical outcomes in a subset of patients. This fact has led to the search for rational combinations with other therapeutic agents such as Doxorubicin (Dox), which cytotoxicity involves an immune activation that may enhance ICI response. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the combination of chemotherapy and ICI by developing Dox Immunoliposomes functionalized with monovalent-variable fragments (Fab') of α-PD-L1. RESULTS Immunoliposomes were assayed in vitro and in vivo in a B16 OVA melanoma murine cell line over-expressing PD-L1. Here, immune system activation in tumor, spleen and lymph nodes, together with the antitumor efficacy were evaluated. Results showed that immunoliposomes bound specifically to PD-L1+ cells, yielding higher cell interaction and Dox internalization, and decreasing up to 30-fold the IC50, compared to conventional liposomes. This mechanism supported a higher in vivo response. Indeed, immunoliposomes promoted full tumor regression in 20% of mice and increased in 1 month the survival rate. This formulation was the only treatment able to induce significant (p < 0.01) increase of activated tumor specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes at the tumor site. CONCLUSION PD-L1 targeted liposomes encapsulating Dox have proved to be a rational combination able to enhance the modulation of the immune system by blocking PD-L1 and selectively internalizing Dox, thus successfully providing a dual activity offered by both, chemo and immune therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Merino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hugo Lana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Iñaki F Troconiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Oncology, Navarrabiomed-Biomedical Research Centre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro Berraondo
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Zalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María J Garrido
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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Jalalvand M, Darbeheshti F, Rezaei N. Immune checkpoint inhibitors: review of the existing evidence and challenges in breast cancer. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:587-603. [PMID: 33775102 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression are associated with immune system responses. Tumor cells use various tricks to scape of immune system, such as activating immune checkpoint pathways that induce immunosuppressive functions. Among the different immune checkpoint receptors, CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 are prominent therapeutic targets in different cancers. Although the US FDA has approved some immune checkpoint inhibitors for several cancers, concerning breast cancer still different clinical trials are looking for optimizing efficacy and decreasing immune-related adverse events. This review will discuss the existing body of knowledge with regard to cross-talk between immune system and tumor cells and then explore immune checkpoint-related signaling pathways in the context of breast tumors. Finally, we highlight the application of different immune checkpoint blockers in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Jalalvand
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Darbeheshti
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Medical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14194, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14194, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran 14194, Iran
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38
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Tan W, Liu M, Wang L, Guo Y, Wei C, Zhang S, Luo C, Liu N. Novel immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment with prognostic value in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:126. [PMID: 33549054 PMCID: PMC7866632 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among women worldwide. Alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been increasingly recognized as key in the development and progression of breast cancer in recent years. To deeply comprehend the gene expression profiling of the TME and identify immunological targets, as well as determine the relationship between gene expression and different prognoses is highly critical. Methods The stromal/immune scores of breast cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were employed to comprehensively evaluate the TME. Then, TME characteristics were assessed, overlapping genes of the top 3 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. Finally, through combined analyses of overall survival, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, novel immune related genes with good prognosis were screened and validated in both TCGA and GEO database. Results Although the TME did not correlate with the stages of breast cancer, it was closely associated with the subtypes of breast cancer and gene mutations (CDH1, TP53 and PTEN), and had immunological characteristics. Based on GO functional enrichment analysis, the upregulated genes from the high vs low immune score groups were mainly involved in T cell activation, the external side of the plasma membrane, and receptor ligand activity. The top GO terms of the upregulated DEGs from the high vs low immune score groups exhibited better prognosis in breast cancer; 15 of them were related to good prognosis in breast cancer, especially CD226 and KLRC4-KLRK1. Conclusions High CD226 and KLRC4-KLRK1 expression levels were identified and validated to correlate with better overall survival in specific stages or subtypes of breast cancer. CD226, KLRC4-KLRK1 and other new targets seem to be promising avenues for promoting antitumor targeted immunotherapy in breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07837-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Maomao Liu
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangshan Wang
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changsheng Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyu Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Center for Cardiac Intensive Care, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Bauer K, Berghoff AS, Preusser M, Heller G, Zielinski CC, Valent P, Grunt TW. Degradation of BRD4 - a promising treatment approach not only for hematologic but also for solid cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:530-545. [PMID: 33575085 PMCID: PMC7868748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain (BRD) and extra-terminal (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers that regulate gene expression and promote cancer evolution. Pharmacological inactivation of BRD4 has recently been introduced as a promising anti-neoplastic approach that targets MYC oncogene expression. However, resistance against BRD4-targeting drugs has been described. We compared the efficacy of the small-molecule-type BET BRD inhibitor JQ1 with the recently developed BET protein degraders dBET1 and dBET6 in colon, breast, melanoma, ovarian, lung and prostate cancer cell lines. As determined by qPCR, all BRD4 targeting drugs dose-dependently decreased MYC expression, with dBET6 introducing the strongest downregulation of MYC. This correlated with the anti-proliferative activity of these drugs, which was at least one order of magnitude higher for dBET6 (IC50 0.001-0.5 µM) than for dBET1 or JQ1 (IC50 0.5-5 µM). Interestingly, when combined with commonly used cytotoxic therapeutics, dBET6 was found to promote anti-neoplastic effects and to counteract chemoresistance in most cancer cell lines. Moreover, JQ1 and both BET degraders strongly downregulated baseline and interferon-gamma induced expression of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1 in all cancer cell lines. Together, our data suggest that dBET6 outperforms first-generation BRD4 targeting drugs like dBET1 and JQ1, and decreases chemoresistance and immune resistance of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bauer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of ViennaAustria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of ViennaAustria
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Anna S Berghoff
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of ViennaAustria
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Gerwin Heller
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of ViennaAustria
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Christoph C Zielinski
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of ViennaAustria
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of ViennaAustria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of ViennaAustria
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of ViennaAustria
| | - Thomas W Grunt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of ViennaAustria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of ViennaAustria
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of ViennaAustria
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Park S, Oh JH, Park DJ, Zhang H, Noh M, Kim Y, Kim YS, Kim H, Kim YM, Ha SJ, Kwon YG. CU06-1004-Induced Vascular Normalization Improves Immunotherapy by Modulating Tumor Microenvironment via Cytotoxic T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:620166. [PMID: 33584714 PMCID: PMC7874050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.620166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking the immune evasion mechanism of tumor cells has become an attractive means for treating cancers. However, the usage of a drug such as nivolumab (αPD-1), which blocks programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), turned out to be only effective against certain types of cancer. Especially, vascular abnormal structures of which deter delivery route by leakage and cause the poor perfusion were considered to be environment unfavorable to T cells and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) delivery within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we report stabilization of tumor blood vessels by endothelial dysfunctional blocker CU06-1004, which modified the TME and showed synergistic effects with immunotherapy anti-PD-1 antibody. CU06-1004 combination therapy consistently prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice by decreasing tumor growth. T-cell infiltration increased in the tumors of the combination group, with cytotoxic CD8+ T cell activity within the tumor parenchyma upregulated compared with anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Tumor inhibition was associated with reduced hypoxia and reduced vessel density in the central region of the tumor. These effects correlated significantly with enhanced expression of IFN gamma and PD-L1 in tumors. Taken together, our findings suggest that CU06-1004 is a potential candidate drug capable of improving therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 through beneficial changes in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Jin Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haiying Zhang
- R&D Department, Curacle Co. Ltd, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Minyoung Noh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeomyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyejeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Setordzi P, Chang X, Liu Z, Wu Y, Zuo D. The recent advances of PD-1 and PD-L1 checkpoint signaling inhibition for breast cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 895:173867. [PMID: 33460617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been sustained research activity on programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors for breast cancer (BC) immunotherapy. Several clinical studies have demonstrated the anti-tumor efficacy of monotherapy drugs targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 checkpoint signaling in BC. Besides, the combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents with other inhibitors, including poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, vaccines, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors are being investigated to improve drug efficacy. These trials have performed well and have shown better and more sustainable therapeutic responses. As follows, the purpose of this review is to discuss the recent advances in BC immunotherapy targeting the inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint signaling, when recommended as a monotherapy or in conjunction with other treatments. We look forward to providing new insights into the current state of BC research and the future direction of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Setordzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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The Search for an Interesting Partner to Combine with PD-L1 Blockade in Mesothelioma: Focus on TIM-3 and LAG-3. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020282. [PMID: 33466653 PMCID: PMC7838786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer that is causally associated with previous asbestos exposure in most afflicted patients. The prognosis of patients remains dismal, with a median overall survival of only 9-12 months, due to the limited effectiveness of any conventional anti-cancer treatment. New therapeutic strategies are needed to complement the limited armamentarium against MPM. We decided to focus on the combination of different immune checkpoint (IC) blocking antibodies (Abs). Programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3), and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) blocking Abs were tested as monotherapies, and as part of a combination strategy with a second IC inhibitor. We investigated their effect in vitro by examining the changes in the immune-related cytokine secretion profile of supernatant collected from treated allogeneic MPM-peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) co-cultures. Based on our in vitro results of cytokine secretion, and flow cytometry data that showed a significant upregulation of PD-L1 on PBMC after co-culture, we chose to further investigate the combinations of anti PD-L1 + anti TIM-3 versus anti PD-L1 + anti LAG-3 therapies in vivo in the AB1-HA BALB/cJ mesothelioma mouse model. PD-L1 monotherapy, as well as its combination with LAG-3 blockade, resulted in in-vivo delayed tumor growth and significant survival benefit.
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Wuerdemann N, Pütz K, Eckel H, Jain R, Wittekindt C, Huebbers CU, Sharma SJ, Langer C, Gattenlöhner S, Büttner R, Speel EJ, Suchan M, Wagner S, Quaas A, Klussmann JP. LAG-3, TIM-3 and VISTA Expression on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Potential Biomarkers for Targeted Therapy Concepts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E379. [PMID: 33396515 PMCID: PMC7796181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth and survival requires a particularly effective immunosuppressant tumor microenvironment (TME) to escape destruction by the immune system. While immunosuppressive checkpoint markers like programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD-L1) are already being targeted in clinical practice, lymphocyte-activation-protein 3 (LAG-3), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) and V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) inhibitors are currently under investigation in clinical trials. Reliable findings on the expression status of those immune checkpoint inhibitors on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the TME of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are lacking. This work aims to describe the expression of LAG-3, TIM-3, and VISTA expression in the TME of OPSCC. We created a tissue microarray of paraffin-embedded tumor tissue of 241 OPSCC. Expression of the immune checkpoint protein LAG-3, TIM-3, and VISTA in OPSCC was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and results were correlated with CD8+ T-cell inflammation and human papillomavirus (HPV)-status. 73 OPSCC stained positive for LAG-3 (31%; HPV+:44%; HPV-:26%, p = 0.006), 122 OPSCC stained positive for TIM-3 (51%; HPV+:70%; HPV-:44%, p < 0.001) and 168 OPSCC (70%; HPV+:75%; HPV-:68%, p = 0.313) for VISTA. CD8+ T-cells were significantly associated with LAG-3, TIM-3 and VISTA expression (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.007). Immune checkpoint therapy targeting LAG-3, TIM-3, and/or VISTA could be a promising treatment strategy especially in HPV-related OPSCC. Future clinical trials investigating the efficacy of a checkpoint blockade in consideration of LAG-3, TIM-3, and VISTA expression are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Wuerdemann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.W.); (S.J.S.); (C.L.); (S.W.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (H.E.); (R.J.); (C.U.H.); (M.S.); (J.P.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Pütz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.P.); (R.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - Hans Eckel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (H.E.); (R.J.); (C.U.H.); (M.S.); (J.P.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rishabh Jain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (H.E.); (R.J.); (C.U.H.); (M.S.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Claus Wittekindt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.W.); (S.J.S.); (C.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Christian U. Huebbers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (H.E.); (R.J.); (C.U.H.); (M.S.); (J.P.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Jean-Uhrmacher-Institute for Otorhinolaryngological Research, University of Cologne, Geibelstrasse 29–31, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Shachi J. Sharma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.W.); (S.J.S.); (C.L.); (S.W.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (H.E.); (R.J.); (C.U.H.); (M.S.); (J.P.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Langer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.W.); (S.J.S.); (C.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Stefan Gattenlöhner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Giessen, Langhansstrasse 10, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.P.); (R.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - Ernst-Jan Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Malte Suchan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (H.E.); (R.J.); (C.U.H.); (M.S.); (J.P.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Steffen Wagner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (C.W.); (S.J.S.); (C.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (K.P.); (R.B.); (A.Q.)
| | - Jens P. Klussmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (H.E.); (R.J.); (C.U.H.); (M.S.); (J.P.K.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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CXCR4 inhibition modulates the tumor microenvironment and retards the growth of B16-OVA melanoma and Renca tumors. Melanoma Res 2020; 30:14-25. [PMID: 31524789 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether blockade of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 might alter the tumor microenvironment and inhibit tumor growth, we tested the efficacy of the CXCR4 antagonist X4-136 as a single agent and in combination with various immune checkpoint inhibitors in the syngeneic murine melanoma model B16-OVA. We also tested its activity alone and in combination with axitinib in the renal cancer model Renca. We found that X4-136 exhibited potent single agent antitumor activity in the B16-OVA model that was additive to that of an anti-PDL1 antibody. The antitumor activities were associated with a reduction in the number of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells and an increase in the number of tumor-specific CD8/perforin cells in the tumor-microenvironment. Apart from these immune effects, X4-136 alone and in combination with checkpoint inhibitors inhibited the Akt/FOXO-3a cell survival pathway in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that it might have antitumor activity independent of its effects on immune cell trafficking. Similar effects on tumor growth and cytotoxic T lymphocytes infiltration were observed in the Renca model. These studies show that the effects of CXCR4 blockade on immune cell trafficking might serve as a useful adjunct to immune checkpoint inhibitors and other therapies in the treatment of cancer.
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Lan H, Zhang W, Jin K, Liu Y, Wang Z. Modulating barriers of tumor microenvironment through nanocarrier systems for improved cancer immunotherapy: a review of current status and future perspective. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:1248-1262. [PMID: 32865029 PMCID: PMC7470050 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1809559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy suppresses and destroys tumors by re-activating and sustaining the tumor-immune process, and thus improving the immune response of the body to the tumor. Immunotherapeutic strategies are showing promising results in pre-clinical and clinical trials, however, tumor microenvironment (TME) is extremely immunosuppressive. Thus, their translation from labs to clinics still faces issues. Recently, nanomaterial-based strategies have been developed to modulate the TME for robust immunotherapeutic responses. The combination of nanotechnology with immunotherapy potentiates the effectiveness of immunotherapy by increasing delivery and retention, and by reducing immunomodulation toxicity. This review aims to highlight the barriers offered by TME for hindering the efficiency of immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Next, we highlight various nano-carriers based strategies for modulating those barriers for achieving better therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy with higher safety. This review will add to the body of scientific knowledge and will be a good reference material for academia and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanrong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuyao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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46
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Zhang D, Xu X, Ye Q. Metabolism and immunity in breast cancer. Front Med 2020; 15:178-207. [PMID: 33074528 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies that seriously threaten women's health. In the process of the malignant transformation of breast cancer, metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion represent the two main fascinating characteristics of cancer and facilitate cancer cell proliferation. Breast cancer cells generate energy through increased glucose metabolism. Lipid metabolism contributes to biological signal pathways and forms cell membranes except energy generation. Amino acids act as basic protein units and metabolic regulators in supporting cell growth. For tumor-associated immunity, poor immunogenicity and heightened immunosuppression cause breast cancer cells to evade the host's immune system. For the past few years, the complex mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion are deeply investigated, and the genes involved in these processes are used as clinical therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Here, we review the recent findings related to abnormal metabolism and immune characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, their links, and relevant therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Qinong Ye
- Department of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Padya BS, Pandey A, Pisay M, Koteshwara KB, Chandrashekhar Hariharapura R, Bhat KU, Biswas S, Mutalik S. Stimuli-responsive and cellular targeted nanoplatforms for multimodal therapy of skin cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 890:173633. [PMID: 33049302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interdisciplinary applications of nanopharmaceutical sciences have tremendous potential for enhancing pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of cancer therapy. The limitations of conventional therapeutic platforms used for skin cancer therapy have been largely overcome by the use of nanoplatforms. This review discusses various nanotechnological approaches experimented for the treatment of skin cancer. The review describes various polymeric, lipidic and inorganic nanoplatforms for efficient therapy of skin cancer. The stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms such as pH-responsive as well as temperature-responsive platforms have also been reviewed. Different strategies for potentiating the nanoparticles application for cancer therapy such as surface engineering, conjugation with drugs, stimulus-responsive and multimodal effect have also been discussed and compared with the available conventional treatments. Although, nanopharmaceuticals face challenges such as toxicity, cost and scale-up, efforts put-in to improve these drawbacks with continuous research would deliver exciting and promising results in coming days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Singh Padya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Muralidhar Pisay
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - K B Koteshwara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekhar Hariharapura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kuruveri Udaya Bhat
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575025, India
| | - Swati Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Wang Z, Wu X. Study and analysis of antitumor resistance mechanism of PD1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blocker. Cancer Med 2020; 9:8086-8121. [PMID: 32875727 PMCID: PMC7643687 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocheckpoint proteins of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes play an important role in tumor prognosis in the course of tumor clinicopathology. PD‐1 (Programmed cell death protein 1) is an important immunosuppressive molecule. By binding to PD‐L1 (programmed cell death‐ligand 1), it blocks TCR and its costimulus signal transduction, inhibits the activation and proliferation of T cells, depletes the function of effector T cells, and enables tumor cells to achieve immune escape. In recent years, immunocheckpoint blocking therapy targeting the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis has achieved good results in a variety of malignant tumors, pushing tumor immunotherapy to a new milestone, such as anti‐PD‐1 monoclonal antibody Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, and anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody Atezolizumab, which are considered as potential antitumor drugs. It was found in clinical use that some patients obtained long‐term efficacy, but most of them developed drug resistance recurrence in the later stage. The high incidence of drug resistance (including primary and acquired drug resistance) still cannot be ignored, which limited its clinical application and became a new problem in this field. Due to tumor heterogeneity, current limited research shows that PD‐1 or PD‐L1 monoclonal antibody drug resistance may be related to the following factors: mutation of tumor antigen and antigen presentation process, multiple immune checkpoint interactions, immune microenvironment changes dynamically, activation of oncogenic pathways, gene mutation and epigenetic changes of key proteins in tumors, tumor competitive metabolism, and accumulation of metabolites, etc, mechanisms of resistance are complex. Therefore, it is the most urgent task to further elucidate the mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance, discover multitumor universal biomarkers, and develop new target agents to improve the response rate of immunotherapy in patients. In this study, the mechanism of anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 drug resistance in tumors, the potential biomarkers for predicting PD‐1 acquired resistance, and the recent development of combination therapy were reviewed one by one. It is believed that, based on the complex mechanism of drug resistance, it is of no clinical significance to simply search for and regulate drug resistance targets, and it may even produce drug resistance again soon. It is speculated that according to the possible tumor characteristics, three types of treatment methods should be combined to change the tumor microenvironment ecology and eliminate various heterogeneous tumor subsets, so as to reduce tumor drug resistance and improve long‐term clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Wang
- GCP Center of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital Medical Sciences, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China.,Institute of Laboratory Animals of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Ministry of Education and Training, Second People's Hospital, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
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Mizuno R, Oya M. Biomarkers Towards New Era of Therapeutics for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. KIDNEY CANCER 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/kca-190067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Mizuno
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Oya
- Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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CD96, a new immune checkpoint, correlates with immune profile and clinical outcome of glioma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10768. [PMID: 32612110 PMCID: PMC7330044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD96 is a promising candidate for immunotherapy. However, its role and importance in glioma remains unknown. We thus aimed to genetically and clinically characterize CD96 expression in gliomas. For this, we extracted RNA-seq data of 699 glioma samples from the TCGA dataset and validated these findings using the CGGA dataset comprising 325 glioma samples. Clinical and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status were also analyzed. Various packages in R language were mainly used for statistical analysis. CD96 expression was significantly up-regulated in high-grade, IDH-wildtype, and mesenchymal-molecular subtype gliomas based on TCGA data, which was validated using the CGGA dataset. Subsequent gene ontology analysis of both datasets suggested that genes relevant to CD96 are mainly involved in immune functions in glioma as such genes were positively correlated with CD96 expression. To further explore the relationship between CD96 and immune responses, we selected seven immune-related metagenes and found that CD96 expression was positively correlated with HCK, LCK, and MHC II in the CGGA and TCGA cohorts but negatively associated with IgG. Further, Pearson correlation analysis showed that CD96 is associated with TIGIT, CD226, CRTAM, TIM-3, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and STAT3, indicating the additive antitumoral effects of these checkpoint proteins. CD96 was also suggested to play an important role in immune responses and positively collaborate with other checkpoint members. These findings show that CD96 is promising candidate for immunotherapy, and that such agents could complement current immunotherapy strategies for glioma.
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