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Zhai C, Wang Z, Cai J, Fang L, Li X, Jiang K, Shen Y, Wang Y, Xu X, Liu W, Wang T, Wu Q. Repeated trans-spinal magnetic stimulation promotes microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris after spinal cord injury through LRP-1. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114844. [PMID: 38830500 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious trauma of the central nervous system. The clearance of myelin debris is a critical step in the functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent studies have begun to reveal critical roles for professional phagocytes in the central nervous system, microglia, and their receptors in the control of myelin debris in neurodegenerative disease. Repeated trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) has been demonstrated as a noninvasive SCI treatment that enhances tissue repair and functional recovery. In this study, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of rTSMS on microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris in a rat SCI model. In our studies, we found that rTSMS significantly promoted the motor function recovery of SCI rats associated with the inhibition the neuroinflammation and glia scar formation. Immunofluorescence results further showed that the rTSMS promotes the clearance of myelin debris by microglia in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, receptor-associated protein (RAP), a Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) inhibitor, could cancel the accelerated microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris after rTSMS in vitro experiments. Simultaneously, Elisa's results and western blotting respectively showed that rTSMS significantly decreased the levels of soluble LRP-1(sLRP-1) and the LRP-1 splicing enzyme of ADAM17. In conclusion, rTSMS could promote the clearance of myelin debris by microglia through LRP-1 to improve the functional recovery of SCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Zhai
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zun Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Rehabilitation medicine department, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Nanjing university of Chinese medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jili Cai
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiangzhe Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, China
| | - Kunmao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xingjun Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China.
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2
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Gao R, Song SJ, Tian MY, Wang LB, Zhang Y, Li X. Myelin debris phagocytosis in demyelinating disease. Glia 2024. [PMID: 39073200 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases are often caused by a variety of triggers, including immune responses, viral infections, malnutrition, hypoxia, or genetic factors, all of which result in the loss of myelin in the nervous system. The accumulation of myelin debris at the lesion site leads to neuroinflammation and inhibits remyelination; therefore, it is crucial to promptly remove the myelin debris. Initially, Fc and complement receptors on cellular surfaces were the primary clearance receptors responsible for removing myelin debris. However, subsequent studies have unveiled the involvement of additional receptors, including Mac-2, TAM receptors, and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, in facilitating the removal process. In addition to microglia and macrophages, which serve as the primary effector cells in the disease phase, a variety of other cell types such as astrocytes, Schwann cells, and vascular endothelial cells have been demonstrated to engage in the phagocytosis of myelin debris. Furthermore, we have concluded that oligodendrocyte precursor cells, as myelination precursor cells, also exhibit this phagocytic capability. Moreover, our research group has innovatively identified the low-density lipoprotein receptor as a potential phagocytic receptor for myelin debris. In this article, we discuss the functional processes of various phagocytes in demyelinating diseases. We also highlight the alterations in signaling pathways triggered by phagocytosis, and provide a comprehensive overview of the various phagocytic receptors involved. Such insights are invaluable for pinpointing potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of demyelinating diseases by targeting phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng-Jiao Song
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Tian
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital/Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Li
- The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Akahane S, Matsuura H, Kaido T, Usami Y, Ishimine N, Uehara T, Yamauchi K. Apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins and their extracellular interactions with LRP1 affect LPS-induced inflammation. Biol Chem 2024; 405:383-393. [PMID: 38488124 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2024-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The linkage between low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)1-mediated metabolism of apolipoprotein (apo) E-containing lipoproteins (apoE-LP) and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, in this study, the effects of apoE-LP and their constituents on the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and LRP1 were evaluated using a culture system of human fibroblasts supplemented with LPS and apoE-containing emulsion particles (apoE-EP). The affinity of apoE-LP for LPS was examined using the interaction between fluorescence-labeled LPS and serum lipoprotein fractions. LPS-induced inflammation significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of IL-6 and LRP1. This upregulation was markedly suppressed by pre-incubation of LPS with apoE-EP or its constituents (apoE or EP). The suppressive effect of apoE-EP on IL-6 upregulation was attenuated in the presence of lactoferrin, an inhibitor of LRP1. The prepared apoE-EP and serum triglyceride-rich lipoproteins showed significant affinity for LPS. However, these affinities appeared to be lower than expected based on the extent to which IL-6 upregulation was suppressed by pre-incubation of LPS with apoE-EP. Overall, these results indicate that LPS-induced inflammation may be regulated by 1) the LPS-neutralizing effect of apoE-LP, 2) anti-inflammatory effect of apoE, and 3) LRP1-mediated metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Akahane
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, 34808 Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroto Matsuura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, 34808 Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kaido
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, 34808 Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 34808 Shinshu University Hospital , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoko Usami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 34808 Shinshu University Hospital , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Nau Ishimine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 34808 Shinshu University Hospital , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 34808 Shinshu University Hospital , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, 34808 Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, 34808 School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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4
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Bays HE. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: A joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024. OBESITY PILLARS 2024; 10:100108. [PMID: 38706496 PMCID: PMC11066689 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2024.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background This joint expert review by the Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) and National Lipid Association (NLA) provides clinicians an overview of the pathophysiologic and clinical considerations regarding obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods This joint expert review is based upon scientific evidence, clinical perspectives of the authors, and peer review by the OMA and NLA leadership. Results Among individuals with obesity, adipose tissue may store over 50% of the total body free cholesterol. Triglycerides may represent up to 99% of lipid species in adipose tissue. The potential for adipose tissue expansion accounts for the greatest weight variance among most individuals, with percent body fat ranging from less than 5% to over 60%. While population studies suggest a modest increase in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with excess adiposity, the adiposopathic dyslipidemia pattern most often described with an increase in adiposity includes elevated triglycerides, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), increased non-HDL-C, elevated apolipoprotein B, increased LDL particle concentration, and increased small, dense LDL particles. Conclusions Obesity increases CVD risk, at least partially due to promotion of an adiposopathic, atherogenic lipid profile. Obesity also worsens other cardiometabolic risk factors. Among patients with obesity, interventions that reduce body weight and improve CVD outcomes are generally associated with improved lipid levels. Given the modest improvement in blood LDL-C with weight reduction in patients with overweight or obesity, early interventions to treat both excess adiposity and elevated atherogenic cholesterol (LDL-C and/or non-HDL-C) levels represent priorities in reducing the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Corresponding author. Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA.
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5
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Hashoul D, Saliba W, Broza YY, Haick H. Non-contact immunological signaling for highly-efficient regulation of the transcriptional map of human monocytes. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10519. [PMID: 38818125 PMCID: PMC11135151 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The different immune system cells communicate and coordinate a response using a complex and evolved language of cytokines and chemokines. These cellular interactions carry out multiple functions in distinct cell types with numerous developmental outcomes. Despite the plethora of different cytokines and their cognate receptors, there is a restricted number of signal transducers and activators to control immune responses. Herein, we report on a new class of immunomodulatory signaling molecules based on volatile molecules (VMs, namely, volatile organic compounds [VOCs]), by which they can affect and/or control immune cell behavior and transcriptomic profile without any physical contact with other cells. The study demonstrates the role of VMs by analyzing non-contact cell communication between normal and cancerous lung cells and U937 monocytes, which are key players in the tumor microenvironment. Integrated transcriptome and proteome analyses showed the suggested regulatory role of VMs released from normal and cancer cells on neighboring monocytes in several molecular pathways, including PI3K/AKT, PPAR, and HIF-1. Presented data provide an initial platform for a new class of immunomodulatory molecules that can potentially mirror the genomic and proteomic profile of cells, thereby paving the way toward non-invasive immunomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Hashoul
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion ‐ Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Walaa Saliba
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion ‐ Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Yoav Y. Broza
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion ‐ Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion ‐ Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
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Rodriguez M, Zheng Z. Connecting impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102394. [PMID: 38706781 PMCID: PMC11066549 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A State of the Art lecture entitled "Connecting Fibrinolysis and Dyslipidemia" was presented at the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress 2023. Hemostasis balances the consequences of blood clotting and bleeding. This balance relies on the proper formation of blood clots, as well as the breakdown of blood clots. The primary mechanism that breaks down blood clots is fibrinolysis, where the fibrin net becomes lysed and the blood clot dissolves. Dyslipidemia is a condition where blood lipid and lipoprotein levels are abnormal. Here, we review studies that observed connections between impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia. We also summarize the different correlations between thrombosis and dyslipidemia in different racial and ethnic groups. Finally, we summarize relevant and new findings on this topic presented during the 2023 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Congress. More studies are needed to investigate the mechanistic connections between impaired fibrinolysis and dyslipidemia and whether these mechanisms differ in racially and ethnically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rodriguez
- Thrombosis & Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ze Zheng
- Thrombosis & Hemostasis Program, Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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7
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Matsuura H, Akahane S, Kaido T, Kamijo T, Sakamoto K, Yamauchi K. Apolipoprotein E isoforms and their Cys-thiol modifications impact LRP1-mediated metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:347-362. [PMID: 38279679 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein (LRP)1 participates in the metabolism of apolipoprotein (apo) E-containing lipoproteins (apoE-LP). We investigated the effects of modifications of cysteine (Cys)-thiol of apoE on LRP1-mediated metabolism. Among the three isoforms, apoE2-LP exhibited the lowest affinity for LRP1 but was significantly catabolized, whereas apoE4-LP was sufficiently bound to LRP1 but showed the lowest catabolic capability. The reduction enhanced the binding and suppressed the catabolism of apoE3-LP, but had no effect on apoE2-LP. The formation of disulfide-linked complexes with apoAII suppressed binding, but enhanced the catabolism of apoE2-LP. Redox modifications of apoE-Cys-thiol may modulate the LRP1-mediated metabolism of apoE2- or apoE3-LP, but not apoE4-LP. The failure of this function may be involved in the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Matsuura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Akahane
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kaido
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomu Kamijo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Sakamoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
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8
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Yanai H, Adachi H, Hakoshima M, Iida S, Katsuyama H. Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-Its Pathophysiology, Association with Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease, and Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15473. [PMID: 37895151 PMCID: PMC10607514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a chronic liver disease that affects more than a quarter of the global population and whose prevalence is increasing worldwide due to the pandemic of obesity. Obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, high blood pressure and atherogenic dyslipidemia are risk factors for MASLD. Therefore, insulin resistance may be closely associated with the development and progression of MASLD. Hepatic entry of increased fatty acids released from adipose tissue, increase in fatty acid synthesis and reduced fatty acid oxidation in the liver and hepatic overproduction of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins may induce the development of MASLD. Since insulin resistance also induces atherosclerosis, the leading cause for death in MASLD patients is cardiovascular disease. Considering that the development of cardiovascular diseases determines the prognosis of MASLD patients, the therapeutic interventions for MASLD should reduce body weight and improve coronary risk factors, in addition to an improving in liver function. Lifestyle modifications, such as improved diet and increased exercise, and surgical interventions, such as bariatric surgery and intragastric balloons, have shown to improve MASLD by reducing body weight. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been shown to improve coronary risk factors and to suppress the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Both SGLT2i and GLP-1 have been reported to improve liver enzymes, hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. We recently reported that the selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) modulator pemafibrate improved liver function. PPARα agonists have multiple anti-atherogenic properties. Here, we consider the pathophysiology of MASLD and the mechanisms of action of such drugs and whether such drugs and the combination therapy of such drugs could be the treatments for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa 272-8516, Japan; (H.A.); (M.H.); (S.I.); (H.K.)
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9
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Yanai H, Adachi H, Hakoshima M, Katsuyama H. Postprandial Hyperlipidemia: Its Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Atherogenesis, and Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13942. [PMID: 37762244 PMCID: PMC10530470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postprandial hyperlipidemia showing postprandial increases in serum triglyceride (TG) is associated with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). To diagnose postprandial hyperlipidemia, the oral fat loading test (OFLT) should be performed; however, this test is very time-consuming and is difficult to perform. Elevated serum TG levels reflect an increase in TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), such as chylomicrons (CM), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and their remnants (CM remnants [CMRs] and VLDL remnants [VLDLRs]). Understanding of elevation in CMR and/or VLDLR can lead us to understand the existence of postprandial hyperlipidemia. The measurement of apo B48, which is a constituent of CM and CMR; non-fasting TG, which includes TG content in all lipoproteins including CM and CMR; non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), which includes TRLs and low-density lipoprotein; and remnant cholesterol are useful to reveal the existence of postprandial hyperlipidemia. Postprandial hyperlipidemia is observed in patients with familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Postprandial hyperlipidemia is closely related to postprandial hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance may be an inducing and enhancing factor for both postprandial hyperlipidemia and postprandial hyperglycemia. Remnant lipoproteins and metabolic disorders associated with postprandial hyperlipidemia have various atherogenic properties such as induction of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. A healthy diet, calorie restriction, weight loss, and exercise positively impact postprandial hyperlipidemia. Anti-hyperlipidemic drugs such pemafibrate, fenofibrate, bezafibrate, ezetimibe, and eicosapentaenoic acid have been shown to improve postprandial hyperlipidemia. Anti-diabetic drugs including metformin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, pioglitazone, dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues have been shown to ameliorate postprandial hyperlipidemia. Although sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have not been proven to reduce postprandial hyperlipidemia, they reduced fasting apo B48 and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol. In conclusion, it is important to appropriately understand the existence of postprandial hyperlipidemia and to connect it to optimal treatments. However, there are some problems with the diagnosis for postprandial hyperlipidemia. Postprandial hyperlipidemia cannot be specifically defined by measures such as TG levels 2 h after a meal. To study interventions for postprandial hyperlipidemia with the outcome of preventing the onset of ASCVD, it is necessary to define postprandial hyperlipidemia using reference values such as IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa 272-8516, Chiba, Japan; (H.A.); (M.H.); (H.K.)
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10
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Poznyak AV, Sukhorukov VN, Popov MA, Chegodaev YS, Postnov AY, Orekhov AN. Mechanisms of the Wnt Pathways as a Potential Target Pathway in Atherosclerosis. J Lipid Atheroscler 2023; 12:223-236. [PMID: 37800111 PMCID: PMC10548192 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2023.12.3.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteins of the Wnt family are involved in a variety of physiological processes by means of several canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways. Wnt signaling has been recently identified as a major player in atherogenesis. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on the influence of various components of the Wnt signaling pathways on the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and associated conditions. We used the PubMed database to search for recent papers on the involvement of the Wnt pathways in atherosclerosis. We used the combination of "Wnt" and "atherosclerosis" keywords to find the initial papers, and chose papers published after 2018. In the first section of the paper, we describe the general mechanisms of the Wnt signaling pathways and their components. The next section is dedicated to existing studies assessing the implication of Wnt signaling elements in different atherogenic processes, such as cholesterol retention, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerotic calcification of the vessels. Lastly, various therapeutic strategies based on interference with the Wnt signaling pathways are considered. We also compare the efficacy and availability of the proposed treatment methods. Wnt signaling can be considered a potential target in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis. Therefore, in this review, we reviewed evidences showing that wnt signaling is an important signal for developing appropriate treatment strategies for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI "Petrovsky NRCS"), Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Popov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute (MONIKI), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor S Chegodaev
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI "Petrovsky NRCS"), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton Y. Postnov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI "Petrovsky NRCS"), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery (FSBSI "Petrovsky NRCS"), Moscow, Russia
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11
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De Geest B, Mishra M. New Perspectives on Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11298. [PMID: 37511058 PMCID: PMC10379683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In animals, cholesterol is an essential component of every cellular membrane and is required for cell membrane integrity [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart De Geest
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Devignot S, Sha TW, Burkard TR, Schmerer P, Hagelkruys A, Mirazimi A, Elling U, Penninger JM, Weber F. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) as an auxiliary host factor for RNA viruses. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302005. [PMID: 37072184 PMCID: PMC10114362 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses with an RNA genome are often the cause of zoonotic infections. In order to identify novel pro-viral host cell factors, we screened a haploid insertion-mutagenized mouse embryonic cell library for clones that are resistant to Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). This screen returned the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) as a top hit, a plasma membrane protein involved in a wide variety of cell activities. Inactivation of LRP1 in human cells reduced RVFV RNA levels already at the attachment and entry stages of infection. Moreover, the role of LRP1 in promoting RVFV infection was dependent on physiological levels of cholesterol and on endocytosis. In the human cell line HuH-7, LRP1 also promoted early infection stages of sandfly fever Sicilian virus and La Crosse virus, but had a minor effect on late infection by vesicular stomatitis virus, whereas encephalomyocarditis virus was entirely LRP1-independent. Moreover, siRNA experiments in human Calu-3 cells demonstrated that also SARS-CoV-2 infection benefitted from LRP1. Thus, we identified LRP1 as a host factor that supports infection by a spectrum of RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Devignot
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tim Wai Sha
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Schmerer
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Elling
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Friedemann Weber
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Wu TY, Tien N, Lin CL, Cheah YC, Hsu CY, Tsai FJ, Fang YJ, Lim YP. Influence of antipsychotic medications on hyperlipidemia risk in patients with schizophrenia: evidence from a population-based cohort study and in vitro hepatic lipid homeostasis gene expression. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1137977. [PMID: 37425327 PMCID: PMC10324036 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1137977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Schizophrenia increases the risk of mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, the correlation between antipsychotics (APs) and CVD remains controversial. Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for CVD. Methods We conducted a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study to investigate the effects of APs on the risk of hyperlipidemia and lipid homeostasis gene expression. We used data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of Taiwan on new-onset schizophrenia patients and a comparison cohort without schizophrenia. We used a Cox proportional hazards regression model to analyze the differences in hyperlipidemia development between the two cohorts. Furthermore, we examined the effects of APs on the hepatic expression of lipid homeostasis-related genes. Results After adjusting for potential interrelated confounding factors, the case group (N = 4,533) was found to have a higher hyperlipidemia risk than the control cohort (N = 4,533) [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.30, p < 0.001]. Patients with schizophrenia without APs had a significantly higher risk of hyperlipidemia (aHR, 2.16; p < 0.001). However, patients receiving APs had a significantly lower risk of hyperlipidemia than patients not receiving APs (all aHR ≤ 0.42, p < 0.001). First-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) induce the expression of hepatic lipid catabolism genes in an in vitro model. Discussion Patients with schizophrenia had a higher risk of hyperlipidemia than controls; however, compared with non-treated patients, AP users had a lower risk of hyperlipidemia. Early diagnosis and management of hyperlipidemia may help prevent CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Yuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cun Cheah
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Fang
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Digestive Disease Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Agirbasli M, Korkmaz R, Isman FK. Association of Low Levels of Soluble Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 and COVID-19 Outcomes During the First Wave of Pandemic. Cureus 2023; 15:e37254. [PMID: 37168200 PMCID: PMC10166571 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is an endocytosis receptor that clears inflammatory proteins from circulation. LRP1 has anti-inflammatory effects that bind pro-inflammatory cytokines or ligands. LRP1 has a soluble form (sLRP1) which can be measured in serum. We report sLRP1 levels in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The first objective of this study is to compare the sLRP1 levels between COVID-19 patients and healthy controls. The second objective is to examine the association between sLRP1 and the clinical outcome of COVID-19. All patients (20-80 years of age) were evaluated in a hospital using a positive PCR test for SARS‑CoV‑2 between April 1, 2020, and June 1, 2020. Controls (n=59) were selected from healthy subjects. sLRP1 levels were measured in patients from the emergency department (ED), inpatient service (IS), and the intensive care unit (ICU). The study included 180 cases. COVID-19 patients showed significantly lower sLRP1 levels compared to controls (1.43 (1.86) versus 2.27 (1.68) μg/mL, respectively, p<0.001). sLRP1 levels were 1.26 (1.81), 1.37 (1.65), and 1.74 (1.98) μg/mL in patients from ED, IS, and ICU, respectively (p=0.022). Patients who were admitted from ED displayed lower sLRP1 levels compared to those who were discharged (median sLRP1 levels were 0.86 versus 1.7 μg/mL, p=0.045). COVID-19 patients display significantly lower sLRP1 levels compared to the healthy controls. sLRP1 levels do not show any association with the clinical outcome of COVID-19. This study demonstrates that LRP1 displays a bidirectional course in COVID-19. A low sLRP1 level is a potential risk factor for susceptibility and hospital admission due to COVID-19. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed to understand the long-term effects of novel biomarkers such as sLRP1 on the outcome of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Agirbasli
- Department of Cardiology, İstanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Rabia Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Ferruh K Isman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
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15
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Wu D, Bi X, Li P, Xu D, Qiu J, Li K, Zheng S, Chow KHM. Enhanced insulin-regulated phagocytic activities support extreme health span and longevity in multiple populations. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13810. [PMID: 36883688 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a central role in many processes of age-related disorders and it remains unclear if the innate immune system may play roles in shaping extreme longevity. By an integrated analysis with multiple bulk and single cell transcriptomic, so as DNA methylomic datasets of white blood cells, a previously unappreciated yet commonly activated status of the innate monocyte phagocytic activities is identified. Detailed analyses revealed that the life cycle of these monocytes is enhanced and primed to a M2-like macrophage phenotype. Functional characterization unexpectedly revealed an insulin-driven immunometabolic network which supports multiple aspects of phagocytosis. Such reprogramming is associated to a skewed trend of DNA demethylation at the promoter regions of multiple phagocytic genes, so as a direct transcriptional effect induced by nuclear-localized insulin receptor. Together, these highlighted that preservation of insulin sensitivity is a key to healthy lifespan and extended longevity, via boosting the function of innate immune system in advanced ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoman Bi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Tumor Institute of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Peihu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Dahua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jianmin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Tumor Institute of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Kongning Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Tumor Institute of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Kim Hei-Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Wang T, Xu H, Dong R, Wu S, Guo Y, Wang D. Effectiveness of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome by using natural polyphenols: A systematic review of implications on health effects. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112567. [PMID: 36869555 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, inflammation and metabolic disorders pose serious public health problems and are major health concerns. It has been shown that natural polyphenols are effective in the treatment of metabolic diseases, including anti-inflammation, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, neuron-protection, and cardio-protection. NLRP3 inflammasome, which are multiprotein complexes located within the cytosol, play an important role in the innate immune system. However, aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome were discovered as essential molecular mechanisms in triggering inflammatory processes as well as implicating it in several major metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerosis or cardiovascular disease. Recent studies indicate that natural polyphenols can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this review, the progress of natural polyphenols preventing inflammation and metabolic disorders via targeting NLRP3 inflammasome is systemically summarized. From the viewpoint of interfering NLRP3 inflammasome activation, the health effects of natural polyphenols are explained. Recent advances in other beneficial effects, clinical trials, and nano-delivery systems for targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are also reviewed. NLRP3 inflammasome is targeted by natural polyphenols to exert multiple health effects, which broadens the understanding of polyphenol mechanisms and provides valuable guidance to new researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ruixia Dong
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, 211169 Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hanzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China.
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Soler Y, Rodriguez M, Austin D, Gineste C, Gelber C, El-Hage N. SERPIN-Derived Small Peptide (SP16) as a Potential Therapeutic Agent against HIV-Induced Inflammatory Molecules and Viral Replication in Cells of the Central Nervous System. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040632. [PMID: 36831299 PMCID: PMC9954444 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) increasing the survival rate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, low levels of viremia persist in the brain of patients leading to glia (microglia and astrocytes)-induced neuroinflammation and consequently, the reactivation of HIV and neuronal injury. Here, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of a Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP-1) agonistic small peptide drug (SP16) in attenuating HIV replication and the secretion of inflammatory molecules in brain reservoirs. SP16 was developed by Serpin Pharma and is derived from the pentapeptide sequence of the serine protease inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT). The SP16 peptide sequence was subsequently modified to improve the stability, bioavailability, efficacy, and binding to LRP-1; a scavenger regulatory receptor that internalizes ligands to induce anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and pro-survival signals. Using glial cells infected with HIV, we showed that: (i) SP16 attenuated viral-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules; and (ii) SP16 attenuated viral replication. Using an artificial 3D blood-brain barrier (BBB) system, we showed that: (i) SP16 was transported across the BBB; and (ii) restored the permeability of the BBB compromised by HIV. Mechanistically, we showed that SP16 interaction with LRP-1 and binding lead to: (i) down-regulation in the expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB); and (ii) up-regulation in the expression levels of Akt. Using an in vivo mouse model, we showed that SP16 was transported across the BBB after intranasal delivery, while animals infected with EcoHIV undergo a reduction in (i) viral replication and (ii) viral secreted inflammatory molecules, after exposure to SP16 and antiretrovirals. Overall, these studies confirm a therapeutic response of SP16 against HIV-associated inflammatory effects in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemmy Soler
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Dana Austin
- Serpin Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Suite 120, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Cyrille Gineste
- Serpin Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Suite 120, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Cohava Gelber
- Serpin Pharma, 9501 Discovery Blvd Suite 120, Manassas, VA 20109, USA
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(305)-348-4346; Fax: +1-(305)-348-1109
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18
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Du Y, Liu Y, Cao J, Jiang X, Wang Y, Yu J, Wang B, Wang X, Xue B. LDL receptor related protein 1 is an adverse prognostic biomarker that correlates with stromal remodeling and macrophages infiltration in bladder cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1113756. [PMID: 37153545 PMCID: PMC10157184 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1113756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a highly heterogeneous disease influenced by the tumor microenvironment, which may affect patients' response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Therefore, identifying molecular markers and therapeutic targets to improve treatment is essential. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of LRP1 in BLCA. Methods We analyzed TCGA and IMvigor210 cohorts to investigate the relationship of LRP1 with BLCA prognosis. We utilized gene mutation analysis and enrichment to identify LRP1-associated mutated genes and biological processes. Deconvolution algorithms and single-cell analysis were used to understand the tumor-infiltrated cells and biological pathways associated with LRP1 expression. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to validate the bioinformatics analysis. Results Our study revealed that LRP1 was an independent risk factor for overall survival in BLCA patients and was associated with clinicopathological features and FGFR3 mutation frequency. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that LRP1 was involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and tumor metabolic processes. Furthermore, the ssGSEA algorithm revealed that LRP1 was positively correlated with the activities of tumor-associated pathways. Our study also found that high LRP1 expression impaired patients' responsiveness to ICB therapy in BLCA, which was predicted by TIDE prediction and validated by IMvigor210 cohort. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of LRP1 in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of BLCA. Discussion Our study suggests that LRP1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in BLCA. Further research on LRP1 may improve BLCA precision medicine and enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiHeng Du
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - YiZheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - XiZhi Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: BoXin Xue, ; XiZhi Wang,
| | - BoXin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: BoXin Xue, ; XiZhi Wang,
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Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins promote the adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via the LRP1/caveolin-1/AKT1 pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159236. [PMID: 36179802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (OB) is usually accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia, which is characterized by the accumulation of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein (TRL) particles in the circulation. We previously found that postprandial TRL combined with insulin induced the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which may represent a key mechanism underlying obesity. However, the specific mechanism and signaling pathway involved in this process remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that, in the postprandial state, patients with obesity had significantly higher levels of TG and remnant cholesterol (RC) than normal-weight controls. In vitro, we found that postprandial TRL, together with insulin, promoted the adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs), as evidenced by the increased expression of lipogenesis-related genes and their protein products, including low-density lipoprotein related protein 1 (LRP1). Besides, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression was also significantly upregulated under this condition. Cav-1 and LRP1 were observed to interact, and then led to the activation of the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the inhibition of LRP1 or Cav-1 significantly attenuated the adipogenic differentiation of AMSCs and downregulated AKT1 phosphorylation levels. Moreover, treatment with a selective AKT1 inhibitor significantly suppressed postprandial TRL and insulin-induced adipogenesis in AMSCs. Combined, our results demonstrated that, in association with insulin, postprandial TRL can promote the adipogenic differentiation of AMSCs in a manner that is dependent on the LRP1/Cav-1-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathway. Our findings indicated that a postprandial increase in TRL content is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia and diet-induced obesity.
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Wang G, Sun C, Xie B, Wang T, Liu H, Chen X, Huang Q, Zhang C, Li T, Deng W. Cordyceps guangdongensis lipid-lowering formula alleviates fat and lipid accumulation by modulating gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in high-fat diet mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1038740. [PMID: 36407511 PMCID: PMC9667106 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1038740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has caused serious health and economic problems in the world. Cordyceps guangdongensis is a high-value macrofungus with broad application potential in the food and bio-medicine industry. This current study aimed to estimate the role of C. guangdongensis lipid-lowering compound formula (CGLC) in regulating fat and lipid accumulation, gut microbiota balance, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents, and expression levels of genes involved in fat and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. The results showed that CGLC intervention markedly reduced body weights and fat accumulation in HFD mice, improved glucose tolerance and blood lipid levels, and decreased lipid droplet accumulation and fat vacuole levels in the liver. CGLC decreased the ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and increased the relative abundances of Bacteroides (B. acidifaciens) and Bifidobacterium (B. pseudolongum). In addition, CGLC treatment significantly promoted the production of SCFAs and regulated the relative expression levels of genes involved in fat and lipid metabolism in liver. Association analysis showed that several species of Bacteroides and most of SCFAs were significantly associated with serum lipid indicators. These results suggested that CGLC is a novel candidate formulation for treating obesity and non-alcohol fatty liver by regulating gut microbiota, SCFAs, and genes involved in fat and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangzheng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyuan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bojun Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianglian Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Qiuju Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenghua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taihui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangqiu Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Sanchez MC, Chiabrando GA. Multitarget Activities of Müller Glial Cells and Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Proliferative Retinopathies. ASN Neuro 2022; 14:17590914221136365. [PMID: 36317314 PMCID: PMC9629547 DOI: 10.1177/17590914221136365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Müller glial cells (MGCs), the main glial component of the retina, play an active role in retinal homeostasis during development and pathological processes. They strongly monitor retinal environment and, in response to retinal imbalance, activate neuroprotective mechanisms mainly characterized by the increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Under these circumstances, if homeostasis is not reestablished, the retina can be severely injured and GFAP contributes to neuronal degeneration, as they occur in several proliferative retinopathies such as diabetic retinopathy, sickle cell retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. In addition, MGCs have an active participation in inflammatory responses releasing proinflammatory mediators and metalloproteinases to the extracellular space and vitreous cavity. MGCs are also involved in the retinal neovascularization and matrix extracellular remodeling during the proliferative stage of retinopathies. Interestingly, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and its ligand α2-macroglobulin (α2M) are highly expressed in MGCs and they have been established to participate in multiple cellular and molecular activities with relevance in retinopathies. However, the exact mechanism of regulation of retinal LRP1 in MGCs is still unclear. Thus, the active participation of MGCs and LRP1 in these diseases, strongly supports the potential interest of them for the design of novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss the role of LRP1 in the multiple MGCs activities involved in the development and progression of proliferative retinopathies, identifying opportunities in the field that beg further research in this topic area.Summary StatementMGCs and LRP1 are active players in injured retinas, participating in key features such as gliosis and neurotoxicity, neovascularization, inflammation, and glucose control homeostasis during the progression of ischemic diseases, such as proliferative retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C. Sanchez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A. Chiabrando
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional Severo R. Amuchástegui (CIMETSA), G.V. al Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina,María C. Sanchez Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Haya de la Torre s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
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Gustavo A. Chiabrando Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba (IUCBC), Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional Severo R. Amuchástegui (CIMETSA). Av. Naciones Unidas 420, Barrio Parque Vélez Sarsfield, X5016KEJ – Córdoba, Argentina.
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Huang Z, Lin HW(K, Zhang Q, Zong X. Targeting Alzheimer's Disease: The Critical Crosstalk between the Liver and Brain. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204298. [PMID: 36296980 PMCID: PMC9609624 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, is currently incurable. Imbalanced amyloid-beta (Aβ) generation and clearance are thought to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. Historically, strategies targeting Aβ clearance have typically focused on central clearance, but with limited clinical success. Recently, the contribution of peripheral systems, particularly the liver, to Aβ clearance has sparked an increased interest. In addition, AD presents pathological features similar to those of metabolic syndrome, and the critical involvement of brain energy metabolic disturbances in this disease has been recognized. More importantly, the liver may be a key regulator in these abnormalities, far beyond our past understanding. Here, we review recent animal and clinical findings indicating that liver dysfunction represents an early event in AD pathophysiology. We further propose that compromised peripheral Aβ clearance by the liver and aberrant hepatic physiological processes may contribute to AD neurodegeneration. The role of a hepatic synthesis product, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), in the management of AD is also discussed. A deeper understanding of the communication between the liver and brain may lead to new opportunities for the early diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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23
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Chun H, Kurasawa JH, Olivares P, Marakasova ES, Shestopal SA, Hassink GU, Karnaukhova E, Migliorini M, Obi JO, Smith AK, Wintrode PL, Durai P, Park K, Deredge D, Strickland DK, Sarafanov AG. Characterization of interaction between blood coagulation factor VIII and LRP1 suggests dynamic binding by alternating complex contacts. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2255-2269. [PMID: 35810466 PMCID: PMC9804390 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency in blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) results in life-threating bleeding (hemophilia A) treated by infusions of FVIII concentrates. To improve disease treatment, FVIII has been modified to increase its plasma half-life, which requires understanding mechanisms of FVIII catabolism. An important catabolic actor is hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which also regulates many other clinically significant processes. Previous studies showed complexity of FVIII site for binding LRP1. OBJECTIVES To characterize binding sites between FVIII and LRP1 and suggest a model of the interaction. METHODS A series of recombinant ligand-binding complement-type repeat (CR) fragments of LRP1 including mutated variants was generated in a baculovirus system and tested for FVIII interaction using surface plasmon resonance, tissue culture model, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and in silico. RESULTS Multiple CR doublets within LRP1 clusters II and IV were identified as alternative FVIII-binding sites. These interactions follow the canonical binding mode providing major binding energy, and additional weak interactions are contributed by adjacent CR domains. A representative CR doublet was shown to have multiple contact sites on FVIII. CONCLUSIONS FVIII and LRP1 interact via formation of multiple complex contacts involving both canonical and non-canonical binding combinations. We propose that FVIII-LRP1 interaction occurs via switching such alternative binding combinations in a dynamic mode, and that this mechanism is relevant to other ligand interactions of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family members including LRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haarin Chun
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - James H. Kurasawa
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Present address:
Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, GaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Philip Olivares
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Ekaterina S. Marakasova
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Present address:
(1) Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver SpringMarylandUSA
- Present address:
George Mason University, School of Systems Biology, FairfaxVirginiaUSA
| | - Svetlana A. Shestopal
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Gabriela U. Hassink
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Present address:
GSK‐Rockville Center for Vaccines Research, RockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Elena Karnaukhova
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Mary Migliorini
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory DiseasesDepartments of Surgery and PhysiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Juliet O. Obi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ally K. Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Patrick L. Wintrode
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Prasannavenkatesh Durai
- Natural Product Informatics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Daniel Deredge
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Dudley K. Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory DiseasesDepartments of Surgery and PhysiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Andrey G. Sarafanov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
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Albertini RA, Nicolas JC, Actis Dato V, Ferrer DG, Tinti ME, Capra RH, Chiabrando GA. Decreased low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 expression in pro-inflammatory monocytes is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:949778. [PMID: 35958411 PMCID: PMC9360420 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.949778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical atherosclerosis (SCA) occurs in asymptomatic individuals. Blood peripheral monocytes are involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Circulating monocytes acquire pro-inflammatory profiles, and they are involved in the early stages of atherosclerosis development. Low-density lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 1 (LRP1) is expressed in monocytes, mainly in classical and intermediate subsets. Although LRP1 is highly expressed in macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in atherosclerotic plaque formation, its expression in circulating monocytes has not been studied in SCA. The aim of this study was to characterize the LRP1 expression level in circulating monocytes of individuals with SCA and compared with individuals with low (LR) and intermediate (IR) risk of cardiovascular diseases, both without evidence of atherosclerotic lesions in carotid and coronary arteries. LRP1 and additional markers (CD11b, CD11c, and CD36) at cell surface of monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry assays, whereas LRP1 and pro-inflammatory factors gene expressions were measured in isolated monocytes by quantitative RT-PCRs. Both LRP1 protein and LRP1 mRNA were significantly reduced in monocytes in SCA and IR respect to LR. Conversely, CD36, CD11b, and CD11c monocytic markers showed no significant changes between the different study groups. Finally, increased gene expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected in monocytes of SCA, which were associated with decreased LRP1 expression at the cell surface in total monocytes. In summary, we propose that the decreased LRP1 expression at cell surface in total monocytes with pro-inflammatory profile is associated with the development of atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A. Albertini
- Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan C. Nicolas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia Actis Dato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Darío G. Ferrer
- Servicio de Laboratorios, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María E. Tinti
- Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imágenes, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raúl H. Capra
- Servicio de Laboratorios, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo A. Chiabrando
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Traslacional Severo Amuchástegui (CIMETSA), Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Gustavo A. Chiabrando,
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25
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Soluble low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 levels in the differential diagnosis of myopericarditis versus acute coronary syndrome. Am J Emerg Med 2022; 60:15-23. [PMID: 35878570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Differential diagnosis of myopericarditis (MPC) versus acute coronary syndromes (ACS) can be difficult in the emergency room (ER). Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is a transmembrane receptor with diverse biological functions. LRP-1 is increased after viral infections as a defense mechanism. sLRP-1 (soluble form) can be measured in the serum. We study the diagnostic sLRP-1 levels in patients with MPC, ACS and healthy controls. METHODS The study included consecutive patients who were admitted between the dates of 1.1.2018 and 1.1.2019 with the diagnosis of MPC or ACS. All patients reported to the ER with chest pain (CP) and elevated cardiac troponin levels. Control group (n = 61) was selected from healthy subjects. In addition to routine laboratory work up, serum sLRP-1 concentrations were measured on admission. RESULTS sLRP-1 levels were significantly higher in MPC, compared to controls (p = 0.005) and ACS (p = 0.001). Median (IQR) sLRP-1 levels in MPC, controls and ACS were 7.39 (22.42), 2.27 (1.74), 2.41 (0.98) μg/ml, respectively (p = 0.004). Among the covariates: sLRP-1, age, gender, HDL-C and LDL-C; only sLRP-1 differentiated a diagnosis of MPC versus ACS (OR = 1684, p = 0,046, CI for OR (1008-2812). The area under the curve (AUC) was measured as 0.79 [CI 0.62-0.95] in ROC analysis, p = 0.001; sLRP-1 had 69% sensitivity and 85% specificity for diagnosis of MPC with a cut-off value of 4.3 μg/ml. CONCLUSION sLRP-1 is a potential biomarker in the differential diagnosis of MPC versus ACS in ER. Future studies are needed to evaluate and develop the utility of sLRP-1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in MPC.
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Ameka M, Hasty AH. Paying the Iron Price: Liver Iron Homeostasis and Metabolic Disease. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3641-3663. [PMID: 35766833 PMCID: PMC10155403 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential metal element whose bioavailability is tightly regulated. Under normal conditions, systemic and cellular iron homeostases are synchronized for optimal function, based on the needs of each system. During metabolic dysfunction, this synchrony is lost, and markers of systemic iron homeostasis are no longer coupled to the iron status of key metabolic organs such as the liver and adipose tissue. The effects of dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome in the liver have been tied to hepatic insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. While the existence of a relationship between iron dysregulation and metabolic dysfunction has long been acknowledged, identifying correlative relationships is complicated by the prognostic reliance on systemic measures of iron homeostasis. What is lacking and perhaps more informative is an understanding of how cellular iron homeostasis changes with metabolic dysfunction. This article explores bidirectional relationships between different proteins involved in iron homeostasis and metabolic dysfunction in the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3641-3663, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Ameka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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27
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Bruiners N, Guerrini V, Ukey R, Dikdan RJ, Yang JH, Mishra PK, Onyuka A, Handler D, Vieth J, Carayannopoulos M, Guo S, Pollen M, Pinter A, Tyagi S, Feingold D, Philipp C, Libutti SK, Gennaro ML. Longitudinal Analysis of Biologic Correlates of COVID-19 Resolution: Case Report. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:915367. [PMID: 35783607 PMCID: PMC9240225 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.915367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the biomarkers of COVID-19 severity have been thoroughly investigated, the key biological dynamics associated with COVID-19 resolution are still insufficiently understood. We report a case of full resolution of severe COVID-19 due to convalescent plasma transfusion. Following transfusion, the patient showed fever remission, improved respiratory status, and rapidly decreased viral burden in respiratory fluids and SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia. Longitudinal unbiased proteomic analysis of plasma and single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood cells conducted prior to and at multiple times after convalescent plasma transfusion identified the key biological processes associated with the transition from severe disease to disease-free state. These included (i) temporally ordered upward and downward changes in plasma proteins reestablishing homeostasis and (ii) post-transfusion disappearance of a subset of monocytes characterized by hyperactivated Interferon responses and decreased TNF-α signaling. Monitoring specific dysfunctional myeloid cell subsets in peripheral blood may provide prognostic keys in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bruiners
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Valentina Guerrini
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ryan J. Dikdan
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jason H. Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Pankaj Kumar Mishra
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Deborah Handler
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Joshua Vieth
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mary Carayannopoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Shuang Guo
- Division of Hematology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Maressa Pollen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Daniel Feingold
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Claire Philipp
- Division of Hematology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Steven K. Libutti
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven K. Libutti
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
- Maria Laura Gennaro
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28
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Gu X, Meng Y, Jin F, Wang L, Ma J, Wang X, Zhao Y, Shi J, Li J, Zhao Y, Tu P, Zheng J. Puerin III alleviates glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in high-fat high-sucrose diet-induced hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic ApoE−/− mice. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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29
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Siokas V, Liampas I, Aloizou AM, Papasavva M, Bakirtzis C, Lavdas E, Liakos P, Drakoulis N, Bogdanos DP, Dardiotis E. Deciphering the Role of the rs2651899, rs10166942, and rs11172113 Polymorphisms in Migraine: A Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58040491. [PMID: 35454329 PMCID: PMC9031971 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The genetic basis of migraine is rather complex. The rs2651899 in the PR/SET domain 16 (PRDM16) gene, the rs10166942 near the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) gene, and the rs11172113 in the LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) gene, have been associated with migraine in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). However, data from subsequent studies examining the role of these variants and their relationship with migraine remain inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to meta-analyze the published data assessing the role of these polymorphisms in migraine, migraine with aura (MA), and migraine without aura (MO). We performed a search in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Public Health Genomics and Precision Health Knowledge Base (v7.7) databases. In total, eight, six, and six studies were included in the quantitative analysis, for the rs2651899, rs10166942, and rs11172113, respectively. Cochran’s Q and I2 tests were used to calculate the heterogeneity. The random effects (RE) model was applied when high heterogeneity was observed; otherwise, the fixed effects (FE) model was applied. The odds ratios (ORs) and the respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the effect of each variant on migraine. Funnel plots were created to graphically assess publication bias. A significant association was revealed for the CC genotype of the rs2651899, with the overall migraine group (RE model OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.02−1.73; p-value = 0.04) and the MA subgroup (FE model OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.12−1.74; p-value = 0.003). The rs10166942 CT genotype was associated with increased migraine risk (FE model OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.18−1.57; p-value < 0.0001) and increased MO risk (FE model OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.17−1.69; p-value = 0.0003). No association was detected for the rs11172113. The rs2651899 and the rs10166942 have an effect on migraine. Larger studies are needed to dissect the role of these variants in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Siokas
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (V.S.); (I.L.); (A.-M.A.)
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (V.S.); (I.L.); (A.-M.A.)
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (V.S.); (I.L.); (A.-M.A.)
| | - Maria Papasavva
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- B’ Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Eleftherios Lavdas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Medical Imaging, Animus Kyanoys Larisas Hospital, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Liakos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (M.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 40500 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece; (V.S.); (I.L.); (A.-M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-241-350-1137
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30
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Kweon SM, Kim G, Jeong Y, Huang W, Lee JS, Lai KKY. Midnolin Regulates Liver Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1421. [PMID: 35326575 PMCID: PMC8946164 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks worldwide as one of the most lethal cancers. In spite of the vast existing knowledge about HCC, the pathogenesis of HCC is not completely understood. Discovery of novel genes that contribute to HCC pathogenesis will provide new insights for better understanding and treating HCC. The relatively obscure gene midnolin has been studied for over two decades; however, its biological roles are largely unknown. Our study is the first to demonstrate the functional significance of midnolin in HCC/cancer: Midnolin expression correlates with poor prognosis in HCC patients, and suppression of midnolin severely inhibits tumorigenicity of HCC cells in vitro and in mice and disrupts retinoic acid/lipid metabolism in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Mi Kweon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.-M.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Gayeoun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.-M.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Yunseong Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.J.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Y.J.); (J.-S.L.)
| | - Keane K. Y. Lai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (S.-M.K.); (G.K.)
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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31
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Roper BWR, Al-Sayejh B, Al-Aufi A, Cuthbert GA, Lacey K, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Harrison MA, Tomlinson DC, Ajjan R, Ponnambalam S. Purification and Analysis of Circulating Lipid Particles. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2419:193-212. [PMID: 35237966 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid particles found in circulating extracellular fluids such as blood or lymph are essential for cellular homeostasis, metabolism and survival. Such particles provide essential lipids and fats which enable cells to synthesize new membranes and regulate different biochemical pathways. Imbalance in lipid particle metabolism can cause pathological states such as atherosclerosis. Here, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) accumulation leads to fat-filled lesions or plaques in arterial walls. In this chapter, we provide a detailed set of protocols for the rapid and safe purification of lipid particles from human blood using high-speed ultracentrifugation. We provide a detailed set of assays for further analysis of the biochemical and cellular properties of these lipid particles. By combining these assays, we can better understand the complex roles of different lipid particles in normal physiology and disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby W R Roper
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Basmah Al-Sayejh
- Leeds Institute of Cellular & Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ahmed Al-Aufi
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gary A Cuthbert
- Leeds Vascular Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Katie Lacey
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ramzi Ajjan
- Leeds Institute of Cellular & Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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32
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Bruiners N, Guerrini V, Ukey R, Dikdan R, Yang J, Mishra PK, Onyuka A, Handler D, Vieth J, Carayannopulos M, Guo S, Pollen M, Pinter A, Tyagi S, Feingold D, Philipp C, Libutti S, Gennaro ML. Biologic correlates of beneficial convalescent plasma therapy in a COVID-19 patient reveal disease resolution mechanisms. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.02.03.22269612. [PMID: 35132422 PMCID: PMC8820674 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.03.22269612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the biomarkers of COVID-19 severity have been thoroughly investigated, the key biological dynamics associated with COVID-19 resolution are still insufficiently understood. MAIN BODY We report a case of full resolution of severe COVID-19 due to convalescent plasma transfusion in a patient with underlying multiple autoimmune syndrome. Following transfusion, the patient showed fever remission, improved respiratory status, and rapidly decreased viral burden in respiratory fluids and SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia. Longitudinal unbiased proteomic analysis of plasma and single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood cells conducted prior to and at multiple times after convalescent plasma transfusion identified the key biological processes associated with the transition from severe disease to disease-free state. These included (i) temporally ordered upward and downward changes in plasma proteins reestablishing homeostasis and (ii) post-transfusion disappearance of a particular subset of dysfunctional monocytes characterized by hyperactivated Interferon responses and decreased TNF-α signaling. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring specific subsets of innate immune cells in peripheral blood may provide prognostic keys in severe COVID-19. Moreover, understanding disease resolution at the molecular and cellular level should contribute to identify targets of therapeutic interventions against severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bruiners
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Valentina Guerrini
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Ryan Dikdan
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Jason Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Pankaj Kumar Mishra
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Alberta Onyuka
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Deborah Handler
- Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Joshua Vieth
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
| | - Mary Carayannopulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Shuang Guo
- Division of Hematology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Maressa Pollen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Daniel Feingold
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Claire Philipp
- Division of Hematology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Steven Libutti
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
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Calvier L, Herz J, Hansmann G. Interplay of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptors, LRPs, and Lipoproteins in Pulmonary Hypertension. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:164-180. [PMID: 35257044 PMCID: PMC8897182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
LDLR regulates oxidized LDL level, which is increased in lung and blood from PAH patients. LRP1 preserving vascular homeostasis is decreased in PAH patients. LRP5/6 regulating Wnt signaling is upregulated in PH. The LRP8 (aka ApoER2) ligand ApoE protects from PAH.
The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family includes LDLR, very LDLR, and LDL receptor–related proteins (LRPs) such as LRP1, LRP1b (aka LRP-DIT), LRP2 (aka megalin), LRP4, and LRP5/6, and LRP8 (aka ApoER2). LDLR family members constitute a class of closely related multifunctional, transmembrane receptors, with diverse functions, from embryonic development to cancer, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular homeostasis. While LDLR family members have been studied extensively in the systemic circulation in the context of atherosclerosis, their roles in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are understudied and largely unknown. Endothelial dysfunction, tissue infiltration of monocytes, and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells are hallmarks of PAH, leading to vascular remodeling, obliteration, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, heart failure, and death. LDLR family members are entangled with the aforementioned detrimental processes by controlling many pathways that are dysregulated in PAH; these include lipid metabolism and oxidation, but also platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor β1, Wnt, apolipoprotein E, bone morpohogenetic proteins, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. In this paper, we discuss the current knowledge on LDLR family members in PAH. We also review mechanisms and drugs discovered in biological contexts and diseases other than PAH that are likely very relevant in the hypertensive pulmonary vasculature and the future care of patients with PAH or other chronic, progressive, debilitating cardiovascular diseases.
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Key Words
- ApoE, apolipoprotein E
- Apoer2
- BMP
- BMPR, bone morphogenetic protein receptor
- BMPR2
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- KO, knockout
- LDL receptor related protein
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDLR
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- LRP
- LRP, low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein
- LRP1
- LRP1B
- LRP2
- LRP4
- LRP5
- LRP6
- LRP8
- MEgf7
- Mesd, mesoderm development
- PAH
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PASMC, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell
- PDGF
- PDGFR-β, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β
- PH, pulmonary hypertension
- PPARγ
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- PVD
- RV, right ventricle/ventricular
- RVHF
- RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure
- TGF-β1
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1
- TGFBR, transforming growth factor β1 receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor receptor
- VLDLR
- VLDLR, very low density lipoprotein receptor
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell
- Wnt
- apolipoprotein E receptor 2
- endothelial cell
- gp330
- low-density lipoprotein receptor
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- megalin
- monocyte
- multiple epidermal growth factor-like domains 7
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- pulmonary vascular disease
- right ventricle heart failure
- smooth muscle cell
- very low density lipoprotein receptor
- β-catenin
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calvier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Georg Hansmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Pulmonary Vascular Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Liu H, Guo S, Wang R, He Y, Shi Q, Song Z, Yang M. Pathogen of Vibrio harveyi infection and C-type lectin proteins in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:554-562. [PMID: 34718124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by Vibrio harveyi in shrimps have gradually become one group of the most serious threats to shrimp production, while related molecular mechanisms of infections with Vibrio harveyi are still not known well in shrimps. Here, we performed proteomic sequencing of hepatopancreas in whiteleg shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with exogenous Vibrio harveyi, and subsequent functional annotation and calculation of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in this study. A total of 145 DEPs were obtained, among them 36 were up-regulated and 109 were down-regulated after the infection. Meanwhile, our results showed that after the infection of Vibrio harveyi, expression levels of a variety of C-type lectins (CTLs) were changed significantly. In-depth functional domain analysis and spatial structure prediction of these CTLs revealed that amino acid sequences and spatial structures of the C-type lectin domain (CTLD) shared by the CTL-S and IML proteins were variant, suggesting differential functions between the two CTLs. In summary, various members of the CTL family have different epidemic responses to Vibrio harveyi infection, which provides a theoretical guidance for deep-going investigations on practical immunity reactions and pathogen infections in shrimps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technologies, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Shengtao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technologies, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Yugui He
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technologies, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Zhaobin Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Mingqiu Yang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technologies, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, 571126, China.
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35
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Xia XD, Alabi A, Wang M, Gu HM, Yang RZ, Wang G, Zhang DW. Membrane-type I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), lipid metabolism and therapeutic implications. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:513-526. [PMID: 34297054 PMCID: PMC8530520 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids exert many essential physiological functions, such as serving as a structural component of biological membranes, storing energy, and regulating cell signal transduction. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism can lead to dyslipidemia related to various human diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, lipid metabolism is strictly regulated through multiple mechanisms at different levels, including the extracellular matrix. Membrane-type I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), a zinc-dependent endopeptidase, proteolytically cleaves extracellular matrix components, and non-matrix proteins, thereby regulating many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Emerging evidence supports the vital role of MT1-MMP in lipid metabolism. For example, MT1-MMP mediates ectodomain shedding of low-density lipoprotein receptor and increases plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and the development of atherosclerosis. It also increases the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque by promoting collagen cleavage. Furthermore, it can cleave the extracellular matrix of adipocytes, affecting adipogenesis and the development of obesity. Therefore, the activity of MT1-MMP is strictly regulated by multiple mechanisms, such as autocatalytic cleavage, endocytosis and exocytosis, and post-translational modifications. Here, we summarize the latest advances in MT1-MMP, mainly focusing on its role in lipid metabolism, the molecular mechanisms regulating the function and expression of MT1-MMP, and their pharmacotherapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511500, China.,Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6R 2G3, Canada
| | - Adekunle Alabi
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6R 2G3, Canada
| | - Maggie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6R 2G3, Canada
| | - Hong-Mei Gu
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6R 2G3, Canada
| | - Rui Zhe Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6R 2G3, Canada
| | - Guiqing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6R 2G3, Canada
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Wieczorek E, Ożyhar A. Transthyretin: From Structural Stability to Osteoarticular and Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:1768. [PMID: 34359938 PMCID: PMC8307983 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein transporting hormones in the plasma and brain, which has many other activities that have not been fully acknowledged. TTR is a positive indicator of nutrition status and is negatively correlated with inflammation. TTR is a neuroprotective and oxidative-stress-suppressing factor. The TTR structure is destabilized by mutations, oxidative modifications, aging, proteolysis, and metal cations, including Ca2+. Destabilized TTR molecules form amyloid deposits, resulting in senile and familial amyloidopathies. This review links structural stability of TTR with the environmental factors, particularly oxidative stress and Ca2+, and the processes involved in the pathogenesis of TTR-related diseases. The roles of TTR in biomineralization, calcification, and osteoarticular and cardiovascular diseases are broadly discussed. The association of TTR-related diseases and vascular and ligament tissue calcification with TTR levels and TTR structure is presented. It is indicated that unaggregated TTR and TTR amyloid are bound by vicious cycles, and that TTR may have an as yet undetermined role(s) at the crossroads of calcification, blood coagulation, and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wieczorek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Activated Alpha-2 Macroglobulin Improves Insulin Response via LRP1 in Lipid-Loaded HL-1 Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136915. [PMID: 34203120 PMCID: PMC8268138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated alpha-2 Macroglobulin (α2M*) is specifically recognized by the cluster I/II of LRP1 (Low-density lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein-1). LRP1 is a scaffold protein for insulin receptor involved in the insulin-induced glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation to plasma membrane and glucose uptake in different types of cells. Moreover, the cluster II of LRP1 plays a critical role in the internalization of atherogenic lipoproteins, such as aggregated Low-density Lipoproteins (aggLDL), promoting intracellular cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation mainly in arterial intima and myocardium. The aggLDL uptake by LRP1 impairs GLUT4 traffic and the insulin response in cardiomyocytes. However, the link between CE accumulation, insulin action, and cardiac dysfunction are largely unknown. Here, we found that α2M* increased GLUT4 expression on cell surface by Rab4, Rab8A, and Rab10-mediated recycling through PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling activation. Moreover, α2M* enhanced the insulin response increasing insulin-induced glucose uptake rate in the myocardium under normal conditions. On the other hand, α2M* blocked the intracellular CE accumulation, improved the insulin response and reduced cardiac damage in HL-1 cardiomyocytes exposed to aggLDL. In conclusion, α2M* by its agonist action on LRP1, counteracts the deleterious effects of aggLDL in cardiomyocytes, which may have therapeutic implications in cardiovascular diseases associated with hypercholesterolemia.
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38
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Qu J, Fourman S, Fitzgerald M, Liu M, Nair S, Oses-Prieto J, Burlingame A, Morris JH, Davidson WS, Tso P, Bhargava A. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a novel receptor for apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) in adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13289. [PMID: 34168225 PMCID: PMC8225859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) is one of the most abundant and versatile apolipoproteins facilitating lipid transport and metabolism. APOA4 is synthesized in the small intestine, packaged onto chylomicrons, secreted into intestinal lymph and transported via circulation to several tissues, including adipose. Since its discovery nearly 4 decades ago, to date, only platelet integrin αIIbβ3 has been identified as APOA4 receptor in the plasma. Using co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, we probed the APOA4 interactome in mouse gonadal fat tissue, where ApoA4 gene is not transcribed but APOA4 protein is abundant. We demonstrate that lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is the cognate receptor for APOA4 in adipose tissue. LRP1 colocalized with APOA4 in adipocytes; it interacted with APOA4 under fasting condition and their interaction was enhanced during lipid feeding concomitant with increased APOA4 levels in plasma. In 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes, APOA4 promoted glucose uptake both in absence and presence of insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of LRP1 abrogated APOA4-induced glucose uptake as well as activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-mediated protein kinase B (AKT). Taken together, we identified LRP1 as a novel receptor for APOA4 in promoting glucose uptake. Considering both APOA4 and LRP1 are multifunctional players in lipid and glucose metabolism, our finding opens up a door to better understand the molecular mechanisms along APOA4-LRP1 axis, whose dysregulation leads to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, 45237-0507, USA
| | - Sarah Fourman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, 45237-0507, USA
| | - Maureen Fitzgerald
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, 45237-0507, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, 45237-0507, USA
| | - Supna Nair
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Juan Oses-Prieto
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alma Burlingame
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - John H Morris
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, 45237-0507, USA
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2180 E Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, 45237-0507, USA
| | - Aditi Bhargava
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Rm HSE1636, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0556, USA.
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Marakasova E, Olivares P, Karnaukhova E, Chun H, Hernandez NE, Kurasawa JH, Hassink GU, Shestopal SA, Strickland DK, Sarafanov AG. Molecular chaperone RAP interacts with LRP1 in a dynamic bivalent mode and enhances folding of ligand-binding regions of other LDLR family receptors. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100842. [PMID: 34058195 PMCID: PMC8239462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family of receptors are cell-surface receptors that internalize numerous ligands and play crucial role in various processes, such as lipoprotein metabolism, hemostasis, fetal development, etc. Previously, receptor-associated protein (RAP) was described as a molecular chaperone for LDLR-related protein 1 (LRP1), a prominent member of the LDLR family. We aimed to verify this role of RAP for LRP1 and two other LDLR family receptors, LDLR and vLDLR, and to investigate the mechanisms of respective interactions using a cell culture model system, purified system, and in silico modelling. Upon coexpression of RAP with clusters of the ligand-binding complement repeats (CRs) of the receptors in secreted form in insect cells culture, the isolated proteins had increased yield, enhanced folding, and improved binding properties compared with proteins expressed without RAP, as determined by circular dichroism and surface plasmon resonance. Within LRP1 CR-clusters II and IV, we identified multiple sites comprised of adjacent CR doublets, which provide alternative bivalent binding combinations with specific pairs of lysines on RAP. Mutational analysis of these lysines within each of isolated RAP D1/D2 and D3 domains having high affinity to LRP1 and of conserved tryptophans on selected CR-doublets of LRP1, as well as in silico docking of a model LRP1 CR-triplet with RAP, indicated a universal role for these residues in interaction of RAP and LRP1. Consequently, we propose a new model of RAP interaction with LDLR family receptors based on switching of the bivalent contacts between molecules over time in a dynamic mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Marakasova
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip Olivares
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Elena Karnaukhova
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Haarin Chun
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy E Hernandez
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - James H Kurasawa
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriela U Hassink
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Svetlana A Shestopal
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Dudley K Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrey G Sarafanov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
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Chen J, Su Y, Pi S, Hu B, Mao L. The Dual Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:682389. [PMID: 34124208 PMCID: PMC8192809 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein-1 (LRP1) is a large endocytic and signaling receptor belonging to the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene family and that is widely expressed in several tissues. LRP1 comprises a large extracellular domain (ECD; 515 kDa, α chain) and a small intracellular domain (ICD; 85 kDa, β chain). The deletion of LRP1 leads to embryonic lethality in mice, revealing a crucial but yet undefined role in embryogenesis and development. LRP1 has been postulated to participate in numerous diverse physiological and pathological processes ranging from plasma lipoprotein homeostasis, atherosclerosis, tumor evolution, and fibrinolysis to neuronal regeneration and survival. Many studies using cultured cells and in vivo animal models have revealed the important roles of LRP1 in vascular remodeling, foam cell biology, inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, its role in atherosclerosis remains controversial. LRP1 not only participates in the removal of atherogenic lipoproteins and proatherogenic ligands in the liver but also mediates the uptake of aggregated LDL to promote the formation of macrophage- and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-derived foam cells, which causes a prothrombotic transformation of the vascular wall. The dual and opposing roles of LRP1 may also represent an interesting target for atherosclerosis therapeutics. This review highlights the influence of LRP1 during atherosclerosis development, focusing on its dual role in vascular cells and immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shulan Pi
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Guebel DV, Torres NV, Acebes Á. Mapping the transcriptomic changes of endothelial compartment in human hippocampus across aging and mild cognitive impairment. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio057950. [PMID: 34184731 PMCID: PMC8181899 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromise of the vascular system has important consequences on cognitive abilities and neurodegeneration. The identification of the main molecular signatures present in the blood vessels of human hippocampus could provide the basis to understand and tackle these pathologies. As direct vascular experimentation in hippocampus is problematic, we achieved this information by computationally disaggregating publicly available whole microarrays data of human hippocampal homogenates. Three conditions were analyzed: 'Young Adults', 'Aged', and 'aged with Mild Cognitive Impairment' (MCI). The genes identified were contrasted against two independent data-sets. Here we show that the endothelial cells from the Younger Group appeared in an 'activated stage'. In turn, in the Aged Group, the endothelial cells showed a significant loss of response to shear stress, changes in cell adhesion molecules, increased inflammation, brain-insulin resistance, lipidic alterations, and changes in the extracellular matrix. Some specific changes in the MCI group were also detected. Noticeably, in this study the features arisen from the Aged Group (high tortuosity, increased bifurcations, and smooth muscle proliferation), pose the need for further experimental verification to discern between the occurrence of arteriogenesis and/or vascular remodeling by capillary arterialization. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Guebel
- Program Agustín de Betancourt, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Néstor V. Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Ángel Acebes
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
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Rezende FM, Rodriguez E, Leal-Gutiérrez JD, Elzo MA, Johnson DD, Carr C, Mateescu RG. Genomic Approaches Reveal Pleiotropic Effects in Crossbred Beef Cattle. Front Genet 2021; 12:627055. [PMID: 33815465 PMCID: PMC8017557 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.627055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcass and meat quality are two important attributes for the beef industry because they drive profitability and consumer demand. These traits are of even greater importance in crossbred cattle used in subtropical and tropical regions for their superior adaptability because they tend to underperform compared to their purebred counterparts. Many of these traits are challenging and expensive to measure and unavailable until late in life or after the animal is harvested, hence unrealistic to improve through traditional phenotypic selection, but perfect candidates for genomic selection. Before genomic selection can be implemented in crossbred populations, it is important to explore if pleiotropic effects exist between carcass and meat quality traits. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify genomic regions with pleiotropic effects on carcass and meat quality traits in a multibreed Angus-Brahman population that included purebred and crossbred animals. Data included phenotypes for 10 carcass and meat quality traits from 2,384 steers, of which 1,038 were genotyped with the GGP Bovine F-250. Single-trait genome-wide association studies were first used to investigate the relevance of direct additive genetic effects on each carcass, sensory and visual meat quality traits. A second analysis for each trait included all other phenotypes as covariates to correct for direct causal effects from identified genomic regions with pure direct effects on the trait under analysis. Five genomic windows on chromosomes BTA5, BTA7, BTA18, and BTA29 explained more than 1% of additive genetic variance of two or more traits. Moreover, three suggestive pleiotropic regions were identified on BTA10 and BTA19. The 317 genes uncovered in pleiotropic regions included anchoring and cytoskeletal proteins, key players in cell growth, muscle development, lipid metabolism and fat deposition, and important factors in muscle proteolysis. A functional analysis of these genes revealed GO terms directly related to carcass quality, meat quality, and tenderness in beef cattle, including calcium-related processes, cell signaling, and modulation of cell-cell adhesion. These results contribute with novel information about the complex genetic architecture and pleiotropic effects of carcass and meat quality traits in crossbred beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Rezende
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eduardo Rodriguez
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joel D Leal-Gutiérrez
- Psychiatry Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mauricio A Elzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Dwain D Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chad Carr
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Raluca G Mateescu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Actis Dato V, Sánchez MC, Chiabrando GA. LRP1 mediates the IGF-1-induced GLUT1 expression on the cell surface and glucose uptake in Müller glial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4742. [PMID: 33637845 PMCID: PMC7910306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) is involved in the normal development and survival of retinal cells. Low-density lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein-1 (LRP1) plays a key role on the regulation of several membrane proteins, such as the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). In brain astrocytes, LRP1 interact with IGF-1R and the glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1), regulating the glucose uptake in these cells. Although GLUT1 is expressed in retinal Müller Glial Cells (MGCs), its regulation is not clear yet. Here, we investigated whether IGF-1 modulates GLUT1 traffic to plasma membrane (PM) and glucose uptake, as well as the involvement of LRP1 in this process in the human Müller glial-derived cell line (MIO-M1). We found that IGF-1 produced GLUT1 translocation to the PM, in a time-dependent manner involving the intracellular signaling activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways, and generated a significant glucose uptake. Moreover, we found a molecular association between LRP1 and GLUT1, which was significantly reduced by IGF-1. Finally, cells treated with specific siRNA for LRP1 showed an impaired GLUT1 expression on PM and decreased glucose uptake induced by IGF-1. We conclude that IGF-1 regulates glucose homeostasis in MGCs involving the expression of LRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Actis Dato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Alberto Chiabrando
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.
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Nagarajan SR, Butler LM, Hoy AJ. The diversity and breadth of cancer cell fatty acid metabolism. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:2. [PMID: 33413672 PMCID: PMC7791669 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-020-00237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cellular metabolism exhibits distinguishing features that collectively enhance biomass synthesis while maintaining redox balance and cellular homeostasis. These attributes reflect the complex interactions between cell-intrinsic factors such as genomic-transcriptomic regulation and cell-extrinsic influences, including growth factor and nutrient availability. Alongside glucose and amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism supports tumorigenesis and disease progression through a range of processes including membrane biosynthesis, energy storage and production, and generation of signaling intermediates. Here, we highlight the complexity of cellular fatty acid metabolism in cancer, the various inputs and outputs of the intracellular free fatty acid pool, and the numerous ways that these pathways influence disease behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa R Nagarajan
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Dayarathne LA, Ranaweera SS, Natraj P, Rajan P, Lee YJ, Han CH. Restoration of the adipogenic gene expression by naringenin and naringin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e55. [PMID: 34313040 PMCID: PMC8318791 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Naringenin and its glycoside naringin are well known citrus flavonoids with several therapeutic benefits. Although the anti-adipogenic effects of naringenin and naringin have been reported previously, the detailed mechanism underlying their anti-adipogenesis effects is poorly understood. Objectives This study examined the anti-adipogenic effects of naringenin and naringin by determining differential gene expression patterns in these flavonoids-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods Lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content were determined by Oil red O staining and TG assay. Glucose uptake was measured using a 2-[N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose fluorescent d-glucose analog. The phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACC) were observed via Western blot analysis. Differential gene expressions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were evaluated via RNA sequencing analysis. Results Naringenin and naringin inhibited both lipid accumulation and TG content, increased phosphorylation levels of both AMPK and ACC and decreased the expression level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 32 up-regulated (> 2-fold) and 17 down-regulated (< 0.6-fold) genes related to lipid metabolism, including Acaca, Fasn, Scd1, Mogat1, Dgat, Lipin1, Cpt1a, and Lepr, were normalized to the control level in naringenin-treated adipocytes. In addition, 25 up-regulated (> 2-fold) and 25 down-regulated (< 0.6-fold) genes related to lipid metabolism, including Acaca, Fasn, Fabp5, Scd1, Srebf1, Hmgcs1, Cpt1c, Lepr, and Lrp1, were normalized to the control level by naringin. Conclusions The results indicate that naringenin and naringin have anti-adipogenic potentials that are achieved by normalizing the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes that were perturbed in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Premkumar Natraj
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Priyanka Rajan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
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46
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The transcriptome of anterior regeneration in earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 48:259-283. [PMID: 33306150 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The oligochaete earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae is capable of regenerating both anterior and posterior segments. The present study focuses on the transcriptome analysis of earthworm E. eugeniae to identify and functionally annotate the key genes supporting the anterior blastema formation and regulating the anterior regeneration of the worm. The Illumina sequencing generated a total of 91,593,182 raw reads which were assembled into 105,193 contigs using CLC genomics workbench. In total, 40,946 contigs were annotated against the NCBI nr and SwissProt database and among them, 15,702 contigs were assigned to 14,575 GO terms. Besides a total of 9389 contigs were mapped to 416 KEGG biological pathways. The RNA-Seq comparison study identified 10,868 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and of them, 3986 genes were significantly upregulated in the anterior regenerated blastema tissue samples of the worm. The GO enrichment analysis showed angiogenesis and unfolded protein binding as the top enriched functions and the pathway enrichment analysis denoted TCA cycle as the most significantly enriched pathway associated with the upregulated gene dataset of the worm. The identified DEGs and their function and pathway information can be effectively utilized further to interpret the key cellular, genetic and molecular events associated with the regeneration of the worm.
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47
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Määttä AM, Salminen A, Pietiäinen M, Leskelä J, Palviainen T, Sattler W, Sinisalo J, Salomaa V, Kaprio J, Pussinen PJ. Endotoxemia is associated with an adverse metabolic profile. Innate Immun 2020; 27:3-14. [PMID: 33243051 PMCID: PMC7780360 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920971702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to analyze whether endotoxemia, i.e. translocation of LPS to circulation, is reflected in the serum metabolic profile in a general population and in participants with cardiometabolic disorders. We investigated three Finnish cohorts separately and in a meta-analysis (n = 7178), namely population-based FINRISK97, FinnTwin16 consisting of young adult twins, and Parogene, a random cohort of cardiac patients. Endotoxemia was determined as serum LPS activity and metabolome by an NMR platform. Potential effects of body mass index (BMI), smoking, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and coronary heart disease (CHD) status were considered. Endotoxemia was directly associated with concentrations of VLDL, IDL, LDL, and small HDL lipoproteins, VLDL particle diameter, total fatty acids (FA), glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), aromatic and branched-chain amino acids, and Glc, and inversely associated with concentration of large HDL, diameters of LDL and HDL, as well as unsaturation degree of FAs. Some of these disadvantageous associations were significantly stronger in smokers and subjects with high BMI, but did not differ between participants with different CHD status. In participants with MetS, however, the associations of endotoxemia with FA parameters and GlycA were particularly strong. The metabolic profile in endotoxemia appears highly adverse, involving several inflammatory characters and risk factors for cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Mari Määttä
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Leskelä
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko J Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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48
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Karthikeyan A, Pathak SK, Kumar A, Sai Kumar BAA, Bashir A, Singh A, Sahoo NR, Mishra BP. Selection and validation of differentially expressed metabolic and immune genes in weaned Ghurrah versus crossbred piglets. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 53:14. [PMID: 33211188 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were studied using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technique in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of weaned Ghurrah and crossbred piglets at 3-month age. Transcriptomic analysis was done using three different packages, namely, EBSeq, DESeq2, and edgeR, to identify the DEGs between Ghurrah and crossbred piglets. Total 7717 DEGs were commonly identified by all three packages, out of which 4151 genes found to be up-regulated, and 3566 genes were down-regulated. Functional annotation of these DEGs indicated metabolism as the most commonly enriched category followed by the immune response. Genes related to metabolism and growth were up-regulated in crossbred piglets as compared with Ghurrah piglets, whereas immunity-related genes were up-regulated in Ghurrah piglets elucidating the disease resistance nature of this indigenous breed over crossbred counterparts. Further, eight DEGs, namely, LRP-1, ADCY4, ERRFI1, LDHD, ARG1, OASL, MGARP, and S100A8, were validated by qRT-PCR in a separate set of biological samples and found to be in concordance with RNA-seq results. Finding in the present study provides insight into genes and their molecular mechanisms governing difference in growth performance between Ghurrah and crossbred pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karthikeyan
- Animal Genetics, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | | | - Amit Kumar
- Animal Genetics, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - B A A Sai Kumar
- Physiology and climatology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Aamir Bashir
- Physiology and climatology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Akansha Singh
- Animal Genetics, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Animal Genetics, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - B P Mishra
- Animal Biotechnology, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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Greenway J, Gilreath N, Patel S, Horimatsu T, Moses M, Kim D, Reid L, Ogbi M, Shi Y, Lu XY, Shukla M, Lee R, Huo Y, Young L, Kim HW, Weintraub NL. Profiling of Histone Modifications Reveals Epigenomic Dynamics During Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mouse Models. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:595011. [PMID: 33195484 PMCID: PMC7662126 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.595011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by localized inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and apoptosis of smooth muscle cells, which together lead to progressive and irreversible aortic dilation. Major risk factors for AAA include smoking and aging, both of which prominently alter gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms, including histone methylation (me) and acetylation (ac).However, little is known about epigenomic dynamics during AAA formation. Here, we profiled histone modification patterns in aortic tissues during AAA formation in two distinct mouse models; (1) angiotensin II (AngII) infusion in low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout (KO) mice, and (2) calcium chloride (CaCl2) application in wild type mice. Methods and Results: AAA formed in both models, in conjunction with enhanced macrophage infiltration, elastin degradation and matrix metalloproteinases expression as evaluated by immunohistochemistry. To investigate the histone modification patterns during AAA formation, total histone proteins were extracted from AAA tissues, and histone H3 modifications were quantified using profiling kits. Intriguingly, we observed dynamic changes in histone H3 modifications of lysine (K) residues at different time points during AAA formation. In mature aneurysmal tissues at 3 weeks after AngII infusion, we detected reduced K4/K27/K36 monomethylation, K9 trimethylation K9, and K9/K56 acetylation (<70%), and increased K4 trimethylation (>130%). Conversely, in CaCl2-induced AAA, K4/K9/K27/K36/K79 monomethylation and K9/K18/K56 acetylation were reduced in AAA tissues, whereas K27 di-/tri-methylation and K14 acetylation were upregulated. Interestingly, K4/K27/K36 monomethylation, K9 trimethylation, and K9/K56 acetylation were commonly downregulated in both animal models, while no H3 modifications were uniformly upregulated. Western blot of AAA tissues confirmed markedly reduced levels of key H3 modifications, including H3K4me1, H3K9me3, and H3K56ac. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis using an integrative bioinformatics approach identified specific molecular pathways, including endocytosis, exon guidance and focal adhesion signaling, that may potentially be linked to these histone H3 modifications during AAA formation. Conclusions: Dynamic modifications of histone H3 occur during AAA formation in both animal models. We identified 6 discreet H3 modifications that are consistently downregulated in both models, suggesting a possible role in AAA pathobiology. Identifying the functional mechanisms may facilitate development of novel strategies for AAA prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Greenway
- Departments of Medicine, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Nicole Gilreath
- Departments of Medicine, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sagar Patel
- Departments of Medicine, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Tetsuo Horimatsu
- Departments of Medicine, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mary Moses
- Departments of Medicine, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - David Kim
- Departments of Medicine, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Lauren Reid
- Departments of Medicine, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mourad Ogbi
- Departments of Medicine, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xin-Yun Lu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mrinal Shukla
- Department of Surgery, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Richard Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Lufei Young
- Department of Physiological and Technological Nursing, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Departments of Medicine, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Departments of Medicine, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States.,Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, College of Nursing at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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50
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Auderset L, Pitman KA, Cullen CL, Pepper RE, Taylor BV, Foa L, Young KM. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 (LRP1) Is a Negative Regulator of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Differentiation in the Adult Mouse Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:564351. [PMID: 33282858 PMCID: PMC7691426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a large, endocytic cell surface receptor that is highly expressed by oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and LRP1 expression is rapidly downregulated as OPCs differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs). We report that the conditional deletion of Lrp1 from adult mouse OPCs (Pdgfrα-CreER :: Lrp1fl/fl) increases the number of newborn, mature myelinating OLs added to the corpus callosum and motor cortex. As these additional OLs extend a normal number of internodes that are of a normal length, Lrp1-deletion increases adult myelination. OPC proliferation is also elevated following Lrp1 deletion in vivo, however, this may be a secondary, homeostatic response to increased OPC differentiation, as our in vitro experiments show that LRP1 is a direct negative regulator of OPC differentiation, not proliferation. Deleting Lrp1 from adult OPCs also increases the number of newborn mature OLs added to the corpus callosum in response to cuprizone-induced demyelination. These data suggest that the selective blockade of LRP1 function on adult OPCs may enhance myelin repair in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loic Auderset
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kimberley A Pitman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Carlie L Cullen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Renee E Pepper
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bruce V Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Lisa Foa
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Kaylene M Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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