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Lange M, Babczyk P, Tobiasch E. Exosomes: A New Hope for Angiogenesis-Mediated Bone Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5204. [PMID: 38791243 PMCID: PMC11120942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is a metabolically dynamic structure that is generally remodeled throughout the lifetime of an individual but often causes problems with increasing age. A key player for bone development and homeostasis, but also under pathological conditions, is the bone vasculature. This complex system of arteries, veins, and capillaries forms distinct structures where each subset of endothelial cells has important functions. Starting with the basic process of angiogenesis and bone-specific blood vessel formation, coupled with initial bone formation, the importance of different vascular structures is highlighted with respect to how these structures are maintained or changed during homeostasis, aging, and pathological conditions. After exemplifying the current knowledge on bone vasculature, this review will move on to exosomes, a novel hotspot of scientific research. Exosomes will be introduced starting from their discovery via current isolation procedures and state-of-the-art characterization to their role in bone vascular development, homeostasis, and bone regeneration and repair while summarizing the underlying signal transduction pathways. With respect to their role in these processes, especially mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles are of interest, which leads to a discussion on patented applications and an update on ongoing clinical trials. Taken together, this review provides an overview of bone vasculature and bone regeneration, with a major focus on how exosomes influence this intricate system, as they might be useful for therapeutic purposes in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lange
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Patrick Babczyk
- Department of Natural Sciences, University Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, D-53559 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, University Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, D-53559 Rheinbach, Germany
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2
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Stafin K, Śliwa P, Piątkowski M. Towards Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds for Alveolar Bone Tissue Engineering: A Biomimetic Approach in a 3D Printing Technique. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16180. [PMID: 38003368 PMCID: PMC10671727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The alveolar bone is a unique type of bone, and the goal of bone tissue engineering (BTE) is to develop methods to facilitate its regeneration. Currently, an emerging trend involves the fabrication of polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds using a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique to enhance an osteoconductive architecture. These scaffolds are further modified with hydroxyapatite (HA), type I collagen (CGI), or chitosan (CS) to impart high osteoinductive potential. In conjunction with cell therapy, these scaffolds may serve as an appealing alternative to bone autografts. This review discusses research gaps in the designing of 3D-printed PCL-based scaffolds from a biomimetic perspective. The article begins with a systematic analysis of biological mineralisation (biomineralisation) and ossification to optimise the scaffold's structural, mechanical, degradation, and surface properties. This scaffold-designing strategy lays the groundwork for developing a research pathway that spans fundamental principles such as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and fabrication techniques. Ultimately, this paves the way for systematic in vitro and in vivo studies, leading to potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Stafin
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (K.S.); (P.Ś.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Śliwa
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland; (K.S.); (P.Ś.)
| | - Marek Piątkowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, PL 31-155 Kraków, Poland
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3
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Titanium dioxide nanotubes increase purinergic receptor P2Y6 expression and activate its downstream PKCα-ERK1/2 pathway in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under osteogenic induction. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:670-682. [PMID: 36442823 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes can improve the osseointegration of pure titanium implants, but this exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The purinergic receptor P2Y6 is expressed in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and participates in the regulation of bone metabolism. However, it is unclear as to whether P2Y6 is involved in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs induced by TiO2 nanotubes. TiO2 nanotubes were prepared on the surface of titanium specimens using the anodizing method and characterized their features. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the expression of P2Y6, markers of osteogenic differentiation, and PKCα-ERK1/2. A rat femoral defect model was established to evaluate the osseointegration effect of TiO2 nanotubes combined with P2Y6 agonists. The results showed that the average inner diameter of the TiO2 nanotubes increased with an increase in voltage (voltage range of 30-90V), and the expression of P2Y6 in BMSCs could be upregulated by TiO2 nanotubes in osteogenic culture. Inhibition of P2Y6 expression partially inhibited the osteogenic effect of TiO2 nanotubes and downregulated the activity of the PKCα-ERK1/2 pathway. When using in vitro and in vivo experiments, the osteogenic effect of TiO2 nanotubes when combined with P2Y6 agonists was more pronounced. TiO2 nanotubes promoted the P2Y6 expression of BMSCs during osteogenic differentiation and promoted osteogenesis by activating the PKCα-ERK1/2 pathway. The combined application of TiO2 nanotubes and P2Y6 agonists may be an effective new strategy to improve the osseointegration of titanium implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes can improve the osseointegration of pure titanium implants, but this exact mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The purinergic receptor P2Y6 is expressed in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and participates in the regulation of bone metabolism. However, it is unclear as to whether P2Y6 is involved in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs induced by TiO2 nanotubes. For the first time, this study revealed the relationship between TiO2 nanotubes and purine receptor P2Y6, and further explored its mode of action, which may provide clues as to the regulatory role of TiO2 nanotubes on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. These findings will help to develop novel methods for guiding material design and biosafety evaluation of nano implants.
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Wu L, Kutas SK, Morrow BR, Hong L. Sustained release of dipyridamole from collagen membranes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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5
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Mitchell J, Lo KWH. Small molecule-mediated regenerative engineering for craniofacial and dentoalveolar bone. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1003936. [PMID: 36406208 PMCID: PMC9667056 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1003936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive reconstruction of extensive craniofacial and dentoalveolar defects remains a major clinical challenge to this day, especially in complex medical cases involving cancer, cranioplasty, and traumatic injury. Currently, osteogenic small molecule-based compounds have been explored extensively to repair and regenerate bone tissue because of their unique advantages. Over the past few years, a number of small molecules with the potential of craniofacial and periodontal bone tissue regeneration have been reported in literature. In this review, we discuss current progress using small molecules to regulate cranial and periodontal bone regeneration. Future directions of craniofacial bone regenerative engineering using the small molecule-based compounds will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mitchell
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Kevin W. H. Lo
- School of Medicine, Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- School of Engineering, Institute of Materials Science (IMS), University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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6
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Sharma R, Kumar S, Bhawna, Gupta A, Dheer N, Jain P, Singh P, Kumar V. An Insight of Nanomaterials in Tissue Engineering from Fabrication to Applications. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:927-960. [PMID: 35661124 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a research domain that deals with the growth of various kinds of tissues with the help of synthetic composites. With the culmination of nanotechnology and bioengineering, tissue engineering has emerged as an exciting domain. Recent literature describes its various applications in biomedical and biological sciences, such as facilitating the growth of tissue and organs, gene delivery, biosensor-based detection, etc. It deals with the development of biomimetics to repair, restore, maintain and amplify or strengthen several biological functions at the level of tissue and organs. Herein, the synthesis of nanocomposites based on polymers, along with their classification as conductive hydrogels and bioscaffolds, is comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, their implementation in numerous tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications is also described. The limitations of tissue engineering are also discussed here. The present review highlights and summarizes the latest progress in the tissue engineering domain directed at functionalized nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Neelu Dheer
- Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Jain
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India. .,Special Centre for Nano Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India.
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7
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Therapeutic Treatments for Osteoporosis-Which Combination of Pills Is the Best among the Bad? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031393. [PMID: 35163315 PMCID: PMC8836178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronical, systemic skeletal disorder characterized by an increase in bone resorption, which leads to reduced bone density. The reduction in bone mineral density and therefore low bone mass results in an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance in the normally strictly regulated bone homeostasis. This imbalance is caused by overactive bone-resorbing osteoclasts, while bone-synthesizing osteoblasts do not compensate for this. In this review, the mechanism is presented, underlined by in vitro and animal models to investigate this imbalance as well as the current status of clinical trials. Furthermore, new therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis are presented, such as anabolic treatments and catabolic treatments and treatments using biomaterials and biomolecules. Another focus is on new combination therapies with multiple drugs which are currently considered more beneficial for the treatment of osteoporosis than monotherapies. Taken together, this review starts with an overview and ends with the newest approaches for osteoporosis therapies and a future perspective not presented so far.
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8
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Witzler M, Vermeeren S, Kolevatov RO, Haddad R, Gericke M, Heinze T, Schulze M. Evaluating Release Kinetics from Alginate Beads Coated with Polyelectrolyte Layers for Sustained Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6719-6731. [PMID: 35006974 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches in stem cell-based bone tissue engineering require a release of bioactive compounds over up to 2 weeks. This study presents a polyelectrolyte-layered system featuring sustained release of water-soluble drugs with decreased burst release. The bioactive compounds adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), suramin, and A740003 (a less water-soluble purinergic receptor ligand) were incorporated into alginate hydrogel beads subsequently layered with different polyelectrolytes (chitosan, poly(allyl amine), alginate, or lignosulfonate). Drug release into aqueous medium was monitored over 14 days and evaluated using Korsmeyer-Peppas, Peppas-Sahlin, Weibull models, and a Langmuir-like "Two-Stage" model. Release kinetics strongly depended on both the drug and the polyelectrolyte system. For ATP, five alternating layers of poly(allyl amine) and alginate proved to be most effective in sustaining the release. Release of suramin could be prolonged best with lignosulfonate as polyanion. A740003 showed prolonged release even without layering. Applying polyelectrolyte layers significantly slowed down the burst release. Release curves could be best described with the Langmuir-like model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Witzler
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany.,Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence of Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah Vermeeren
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Roman O Kolevatov
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Razan Haddad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence of Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence of Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
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9
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Kong Q, Quan Y, Tian G, Zhou J, Liu X. Purinergic P2 Receptors: Novel Mediators of Mechanotransduction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:671809. [PMID: 34025431 PMCID: PMC8138185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.671809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensing and mechanotransduction are vital processes in mechanobiology and play critical roles in regulating cellular behavior and fate. There is increasing evidence that purinergic P2 receptors, members of the purinergic family, play a crucial role in cellular mechanotransduction. Thus, information on the specific mechanism of P2 receptor-mediated mechanotransduction would be valuable. In this review, we focus on purinergic P2 receptor signaling pathways and describe in detail the interaction of P2 receptors with other mechanosensitive molecules, including transient receptor potential channels, integrins, caveolae-associated proteins and hemichannels. In addition, we review the activation of purinergic P2 receptors and the role of various P2 receptors in the regulation of various pathophysiological processes induced by mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Kong
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Quan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geer Tian
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junteng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Sahvieh S, Oryan A, Hassanajili S, Kamali A. Role of bone 1stem cell-seeded 3D polylactic acid/polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffold on a critical-sized radial bone defect in rat. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:735-750. [PMID: 32924069 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03284-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoconductive biomaterials were used to find the most reliable materials in bone healing. Our focus was on the bone healing capacity of the stem cell-loaded and unloaded PLA/PCL/HA scaffolds. The 3D scaffold of PLA/PCL/HA was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), rheology, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) have multipotential differentiation into osteoblasts. Forty Wistar male rats were used to organize four experimental groups: control, autograft, scaffold, and BMSCs-loaded scaffold groups. qRT-PCR showed that the BMSCs-loaded scaffold had a higher expression level of CD31 and osteogenic markers compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Radiology and computed tomography (CT) scan evaluations showed significant improvement in the BMSCs-loaded scaffold compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Biomechanical estimation demonstrated significantly higher stress (P < 0.01), stiffness (P < 0.001), and ultimate load (P < 0.01) in the autograft and BMSCs-loaded scaffold groups compared with the untreated group and higher strain was seen in the control group than the other groups (P < 0.01). Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical (IHC) investigations showed significantly improved regeneration scores in the autograft and BMSCs-loaded scaffold groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the scaffold and control groups in all tests (P < 0.05). The results depicted that our novel approach will allow to develop PLA/PCL/HA 3D scaffold in bone healing via BMSC loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sahvieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Shadi Hassanajili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Kamali
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Mazzoni E, Mazziotta C, Iaquinta MR, Lanzillotti C, Fortini F, D'Agostino A, Trevisiol L, Nocini R, Barbanti-Brodano G, Mescola A, Alessandrini A, Tognon M, Martini F. Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by a Hybrid Hydroxylapatite/Collagen Scaffold. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:610570. [PMID: 33537303 PMCID: PMC7849836 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.610570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and their derivative enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-hBMSCs were employed to evaluate an innovative hybrid scaffold composed of granular hydroxylapatite and collagen hemostat (Coll/HA). The cellular morphology/cytoskeleton organization and cell viability were investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and AlamarBlue metabolic assay, respectively. The expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin proteins was analyzed by IHC and ELISA, whereas osteogenic genes were investigated by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). Cell morphology of eGFP-hBMSCs was indistinguishable from that of parental hBMSCs. The cytoskeleton architecture of hBMSCs grown on the scaffold appeared to be well organized, whereas its integrity remained uninfluenced by the scaffold during the time course. Metabolic activity measured in hBMSCs grown on a biomaterial was increased during the experiments, up to day 21 (p < 0.05). The biomaterial induced the matrix mineralization in hBMSCs. The scaffold favored the expression of osteogenic proteins, such as osteocalcin and osteopontin. In hBMSC cultures, the scaffold induced up-regulation in specific genes that are involved in ossification process (BMP2/3, SPP1, SMAD3, and SP7), whereas they showed an up-regulation of MMP9 and MMP10, which play a central role during the skeletal development. hBMSCs were induced to chondrogenic differentiation through up-regulation of COL2A1 gene. Our experiments suggest that the innovative scaffold tested herein provides a good microenvironment for hBMSC adhesion, viability, and osteoinduction. hBMSCs are an excellent in vitro cellular model to assay scaffolds, which can be employed for bone repair and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Iaquinta
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmen Lanzillotti
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Antonio D'Agostino
- Department of Surgical Odonto-Stomatological Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Trevisiol
- Department of Surgical Odonto-Stomatological Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nocini
- Department of Surgical Odonto-Stomatological Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barbanti-Brodano
- Department of Oncologic and Degenerative Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Alessandrini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Modena, Italy.,Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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12
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Oryan A, Hassanajili S, Sahvieh S. Effectiveness of a biodegradable 3D polylactic acid/poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite scaffold loaded by differentiated osteogenic cells in a critical-sized radius bone defect in rat. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 15:150-162. [PMID: 33216449 DOI: 10.1002/term.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a scaffold made of polylactic acid, poly (ɛ-caprolactone) and hydroxyapatite by indirect 3D printing method with and without differentiated bone cells was tested on the regeneration of a critical radial bone defect in rat. The scaffold characterization and mechanical performance were determined by the rheology, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The defects were created in forty Wistar rats which were randomly divided into the untreated, autograft, scaffold cell-free, and differentiated bone cell-seeded scaffold groups (n = 10 in each group). The expression level of angiogenic and osteogenic markers, analyzed by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (in vitro), significantly improved (p < 0.05) in the scaffold group compared to the untreated one. Radiology and computed tomography scan demonstrated a significant improvement in the cell-seeded scaffold group compared to the untreated one (p < 0.001). Biomechanical, histopathological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical investigations showed significantly better regeneration scores in the cell-seeded scaffold and autograft groups compared to the untreated group (p < 0.05). The cell-seeded scaffold and autograft groups did show comparable results on the 80th day post-treatment (p > 0.05), however, most results in the scaffold group were significantly higher than the untreated group (p < 0.05). Differentiated bone cells can enhance bone regeneration potential of the scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shadi Hassanajili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sonia Sahvieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Oryan A, Hassanajili S, Sahvieh S, Azarpira N. Effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell-seeded onto the 3D polylactic acid/polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffold on the radius bone defect in rat. Life Sci 2020; 257:118038. [PMID: 32622947 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The importance of regeneration in large bone defects forces the orthopedic surgeons to search for a proper methodology. The present experiment evaluated the capability of polylactic acid/polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PLA/PCL/HA) scaffold loaded with and without mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on bone regeneration. METHODS Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and rheology methodologies were used to characterize the scaffold. Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into the four groups including the untreated defects as the control group and three other groups in which the bone defects were treated with autologous bones (autograft group), the PLA/PCL/HA scaffolds (PLA/PCL/HA group), and the MSCs-seeded scaffolds (MSCs-seeded PLA/PCL/HA group). RESULTS Based on the qRT-PCR results, significantly higher expression levels of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and CD31 were seen in the cell-seeded scaffold group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The CT scanning and radiographic images depicted significantly more newly formed bonny tissue in the MSCs-loaded scaffold and autograft groups than the untreated group (P < 0.001). The immunohistochemistry, biomechanical, histopathologic, and histomorphometric evaluations demonstrated significantly improved regeneration in the autograft and MSCs-loaded scaffold groups compared to the non-treated group (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the scaffold and untreated groups in all in vivo evaluations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The MSCs enhanced bone healing potential of the PLA/PCL/HA scaffold and the MSCs-seeded scaffold was comparable to the autograft as the golden treatment regimen (P > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - S Hassanajili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Sahvieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Baranova J, Büchner D, Götz W, Schulze M, Tobiasch E. Tooth Formation: Are the Hardest Tissues of Human Body Hard to Regenerate? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4031. [PMID: 32512908 PMCID: PMC7312198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing life expectancy, demands for dental tissue and whole-tooth regeneration are becoming more significant. Despite great progress in medicine, including regenerative therapies, the complex structure of dental tissues introduces several challenges to the field of regenerative dentistry. Interdisciplinary efforts from cellular biologists, material scientists, and clinical odontologists are being made to establish strategies and find the solutions for dental tissue regeneration and/or whole-tooth regeneration. In recent years, many significant discoveries were done regarding signaling pathways and factors shaping calcified tissue genesis, including those of tooth. Novel biocompatible scaffolds and polymer-based drug release systems are under development and may soon result in clinically applicable biomaterials with the potential to modulate signaling cascades involved in dental tissue genesis and regeneration. Approaches for whole-tooth regeneration utilizing adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tooth germ cells transplantation are emerging as promising alternatives to overcome existing in vitro tissue generation hurdles. In this interdisciplinary review, most recent advances in cellular signaling guiding dental tissue genesis, novel functionalized scaffolds and drug release material, various odontogenic cell sources, and methods for tooth regeneration are discussed thus providing a multi-faceted, up-to-date, and illustrative overview on the tooth regeneration matter, alongside hints for future directions in the challenging field of regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Baranova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, Vila Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Dominik Büchner
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Werner Götz
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital of the University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, NRW, Germany;
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
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Javaid M, Haleem A. 3D printed tissue and organ using additive manufacturing: An overview. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Witzler M, Büchner D, Shoushrah SH, Babczyk P, Baranova J, Witzleben S, Tobiasch E, Schulze M. Polysaccharide-Based Systems for Targeted Stem Cell Differentiation and Bone Regeneration. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E840. [PMID: 31817802 PMCID: PMC6995597 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is an ever-changing, rapidly evolving, and highly interdisciplinary field of study, where scientists try to mimic natural bone structure as closely as possible in order to facilitate bone healing. New insights from cell biology, specifically from mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and signaling, lead to new approaches in bone regeneration. Novel scaffold and drug release materials based on polysaccharides gain increasing attention due to their wide availability and good biocompatibility to be used as hydrogels and/or hybrid components for drug release and tissue engineering. This article reviews the current state of the art, recent developments, and future perspectives in polysaccharide-based systems used for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Witzler
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany; (M.W.); (D.B.); (S.H.S.); (P.B.); (S.W.); (E.T.)
| | - Dominik Büchner
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany; (M.W.); (D.B.); (S.H.S.); (P.B.); (S.W.); (E.T.)
| | - Sarah Hani Shoushrah
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany; (M.W.); (D.B.); (S.H.S.); (P.B.); (S.W.); (E.T.)
| | - Patrick Babczyk
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany; (M.W.); (D.B.); (S.H.S.); (P.B.); (S.W.); (E.T.)
| | - Juliana Baranova
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry–USP, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, Vila Universitaria, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Steffen Witzleben
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany; (M.W.); (D.B.); (S.H.S.); (P.B.); (S.W.); (E.T.)
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany; (M.W.); (D.B.); (S.H.S.); (P.B.); (S.W.); (E.T.)
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany; (M.W.); (D.B.); (S.H.S.); (P.B.); (S.W.); (E.T.)
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Witzler M, Ottensmeyer PF, Gericke M, Heinze T, Tobiasch E, Schulze M. Non-Cytotoxic Agarose/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds for Drug Release. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3565. [PMID: 31330875 PMCID: PMC6678963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of large bone defects requires implants or scaffolds that provide structural guidance for cell growth, differentiation, and vascularization. In the present work, an agarose-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold was developed that acts not only as a 3D matrix, but also as a release system. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was incorporated into the agarose gels in situ in various ratios by a simple procedure consisting of precipitation, cooling, washing, and drying. The resulting gels were characterized regarding composition, porosity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. A pure phase of carbonated HA was identified in the scaffolds, which had pore sizes of up to several hundred micrometers. Mechanical testing revealed elastic moduli of up to 2.8 MPa for lyophilized composites. MTT testing on Lw35human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteosarcoma MG-63 cells proved the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Furthermore, scaffolds were loaded with model drug compounds for guided hMSC differentiation. Different release kinetic models were evaluated for adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and suramin, and data showed a sustained release behavior over four days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Witzler
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence of Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Frank Ottensmeyer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence of Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence of Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
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Chitlac-coated Thermosets Enhance Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis in a Co-culture of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9070928. [PMID: 31252684 PMCID: PMC6669739 DOI: 10.3390/nano9070928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) represent a population of stem cells which could be useful in oral and maxillofacial reconstruction. They are part of the periendothelial niche, where their crosstalk with endothelial cells is crucial in the cellular response to biomaterials used for dental restorations. DPSCs and the endothelial cell line EA.hy926 were co-cultured in the presence of Chitlac-coated thermosets in culture conditions inducing, in turn, osteogenic or angiogenic differentiation. Cell proliferation was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl-]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. DPSC differentiation was assessed by measuring Alkaline Phosphtase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S staining, while the formation of new vessels was monitored by optical microscopy. The IL-6 and PGE2 production was evaluated as well. When cultured together, the proliferation is increased, as is the DPSC osteogenic differentiation and EA.hy926 vessel formation. The presence of thermosets appears either not to disturb the system balance or even to improve the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation. Chitlac-coated thermosets confirm their biocompatibility in the present co-culture model, being capable of improving the differentiation of both cell types. Furthermore, the assessed co-culture appears to be a useful tool to investigate cell response toward newly synthesized or commercially available biomaterials, as well as to evaluate their engraftment potential in restorative dentistry.
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