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Kwong HS, Paloni M, Grandvuillemin L, Sirounian S, Ancelin A, Lai-Kee-Him J, Grimaldi M, Carivenc C, Lancey C, Ragan TJ, Hesketh EL, Balaguer P, Barducci A, Gruszczyk J, Bourguet W. Structural Insights into the Activation of Human Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor by the Environmental Contaminant Benzo[a]pyrene and Structurally Related Compounds. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168411. [PMID: 38135181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor belonging to the bHLH/PAS protein family and responding to hundreds of natural and chemical substances. It is primarily involved in the defense against chemical insults and bacterial infections or in the adaptive immune response, but also in the development of pathological conditions ranging from inflammatory to neoplastic disorders. Despite its prominent roles in many (patho)physiological processes, the lack of high-resolution structural data has precluded for thirty years an in-depth understanding of the structural mechanisms underlying ligand-binding specificity, promiscuity and activation of AHR. We recently reported a cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human AHR bound to the natural ligand indirubin, the chaperone Hsp90 and the co-chaperone XAP2 that provided the first experimental visualization of its ligand-binding PAS-B domain. Here, we report a 2.75 Å resolution structure of the AHR complex bound to the environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The structure substantiates the existence of a bipartite PAS-B ligand-binding pocket with a geometrically constrained primary binding site controlling ligand binding specificity and affinity, and a secondary binding site contributing to the binding promiscuity of AHR. We also report a docking study of B[a]P congeners that validates the B[a]P-bound PAS-B structure as a suitable model for accurate computational ligand binding assessment. Finally, comparison of our agonist-bound complex with the recently reported structures of mouse and fruit fly AHR PAS-B in different activation states suggests a ligand-induced loop conformational change potentially involved in the regulation of AHR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hok-Sau Kwong
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Matteo Paloni
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Grandvuillemin
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Savannah Sirounian
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Ancelin
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Josephine Lai-Kee-Him
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- IRCM (Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Coralie Carivenc
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudia Lancey
- Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 7HB, UK
| | - Timothy J Ragan
- Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 7HB, UK
| | - Emma L Hesketh
- Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Rd, Leicester LE1 7HB, UK
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- IRCM (Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier), Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Alessandro Barducci
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Jakub Gruszczyk
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
| | - William Bourguet
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Ganesh BP, Peesh P, Blasco MP, Hamamy AE, Khan R, Guzman G, Honarpisheh P, Mohan EC, Goodman GW, Nguyen JN, Banerjee A, Ko KA, Korf J, Tan C, Fan H, Colpo G, Ahnstedt H, Couture L, Kofler J, Moruno-Manchon J, Maniskas M, Aronowski J, Lee J, Li J, Bryan RM, Chauhan A, Venna VR, McCullough L. Restoring a balanced pool of host-derived and microbiota-derived ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor is beneficial after stroke. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3143015. [PMID: 37790313 PMCID: PMC10543021 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3143015/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and its incidence increases with age. While acute therapies for stroke are currently limited to intravenous thrombolytics and endovascular thrombectomy, recent studies have implicated an important role for the gut microbiome in post-stroke neuroinflammation. After stroke, several immuno-regulatory pathways, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway, become activated. AHR is a master regulatory pathway that mediates neuroinflammation. Among various cell types, microglia (MG), as the resident immune cells of the brain, play a vital role in regulating post-stroke neuroinflammation and antigen presentation. Activation of AHR is dependent on a dynamic balance between host-derived and microbiota-derived ligands. While previous studies have shown that activation of MG AHR by host-derived ligands, such as kynurenine, is detrimental after stroke, the effects of post-stroke changes in microbiota-derived ligands of AHR, such as indoles, is unknown. Our study builds on the concept that differential activation of MG AHR by host-derived versus microbiome-derived metabolites affects outcomes after ischemic stroke. We examined the link between stroke-induced dysbiosis and loss of essential microbiota-derived AHR ligands. We hypothesize that restoring the balance between host-derived (kynurenine) and microbiota-derived (indoles) ligands of AHR is beneficial after stroke, offering a new potential avenue for therapeutic intervention in post-stroke neuroinflammation. Method We performed immunohistochemical analysis of brain samples from stroke patients to assess MG AHR expression after stroke. We used metabolomics analysis of plasma samples from stroke and non-stroke control patients with matched comorbidities to determine the levels of indole-based AHR ligands after stroke. We performed transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in aged (18 months) wild-type (WT) and germ-free (GF) mice to investigate the effects of post-stroke treatment with microbiota-derived indoles on outcome. To generate our results, we employed a range of methodologies, including flow cytometry, metabolomics, and 16S microbiome sequencing. Results We found that MG AHR expression is increased in human brain after stroke and after ex vivo oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R). Microbiota-derived ligands of AHR are decreased in the human plasma at 24 hours after ischemic stroke. Kynurenine and indoles exhibited differential effects on aged WT MG survival after ex vivoOGD/R. We found that specific indole-based ligands of AHR (indole-3-propionic acid and indole-3-aldehyde) were absent in GF mice, thus their production depends on the presence of a functional gut microbiota. Additionally, a time-dependent decrease in the concentration of these indole-based AHR ligands occurred in the brain within the first 24 hours after stroke in aged WT mice. Post-stroke treatment of GF mice with a cocktail of microbiota-derived indole-based ligands of AHR regulated MG-mediated neuroinflammation and molecules involved in antigen presentation (increased CD80, MHC-II, and CD11b). Post-stroke treatment of aged WT mice with microbiota-derived indole-based ligands of AHR reduced both infarct volume and neurological deficits at 24 hours. Conclusion Our novel findings provide compelling evidence that the restoration of a well-balanced pool of host-derived kynurenine-based and microbiota-derived indole-based ligands of AHR holds considerable therapeutic potential for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Priya Ganesh
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Pedram Peesh
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Maria Pilar Blasco
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Ahmad El Hamamy
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Romeesa Khan
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Gary Guzman
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Parisa Honarpisheh
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Eric C Mohan
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Grant W Goodman
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Justin N Nguyen
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Kyung Ae Ko
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Janelle Korf
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Huihui Fan
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Gabriela Colpo
- The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, 77030, TX
| | - Hilda Ahnstedt
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Lucy Couture
- The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, 77030, TX
| | | | - Jose Moruno-Manchon
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, the University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, 77030, TX
| | - Michael Maniskas
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Juneyoung Lee
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Jun Li
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | | | | | - Louise McCullough
- McGovern Medical School/University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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Bocheva G, Slominski RM, Slominski AT. Environmental Air Pollutants Affecting Skin Functions with Systemic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10502. [PMID: 37445680 PMCID: PMC10341863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in air pollution worldwide represents an environmental risk factor that has global implications for the health of humans worldwide. The skin of billions of people is exposed to a mixture of harmful air pollutants, which can affect its physiology and are responsible for cutaneous damage. Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are photoreactive and could be activated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Therefore, such UVR exposure would enhance their deleterious effects on the skin. Air pollution also affects vitamin D synthesis by reducing UVB radiation, which is essential for the production of vitamin D3, tachysterol, and lumisterol derivatives. Ambient air pollutants, photopollution, blue-light pollution, and cigarette smoke compromise cutaneous structural integrity, can interact with human skin microbiota, and trigger or exacerbate a range of skin diseases through various mechanisms. Generally, air pollution elicits an oxidative stress response on the skin that can activate the inflammatory responses. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) can act as a sensor for small molecules such as air pollutants and plays a crucial role in responses to (photo)pollution. On the other hand, targeting AhR/Nrf2 is emerging as a novel treatment option for air pollutants that induce or exacerbate inflammatory skin diseases. Therefore, AhR with downstream regulatory pathways would represent a crucial signaling system regulating the skin phenotype in a Yin and Yang fashion defined by the chemical nature of the activating factor and the cellular and tissue context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta Bocheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Radomir M. Slominski
- Department of Genetics, Informatics Institute in the School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Veteran Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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4
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Lassen JK, Wang T, Nielsen KL, Hasselstrøm JB, Johannsen M, Villesen P. Large-Scale metabolomics: Predicting biological age using 10,133 routine untargeted LC-MS measurements. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13813. [PMID: 36935524 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics is the study of all detectable small molecules, and in geroscience, metabolomics has shown great potential to describe the biological age-a complex trait impacted by many factors. Unfortunately, the sample sizes are often insufficient to achieve sufficient power and minimize potential biases caused by, for example, demographic factors. In this study, we present the analysis of biological age in ~10,000 toxicologic routine blood measurements. The untargeted screening samples obtained from ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC- QTOF) cover + 300 batches and + 30 months, lack pooled quality controls, lack controlled sample collection, and has previously only been used in small-scale studies. To overcome experimental effects, we developed and tested a custom neural network model and compared it with existing prediction methods. Overall, the neural network was able to predict the chronological age with an rmse of 5.88 years (r2 = 0.63) improving upon the 6.15 years achieved by existing normalization methods. We used the feature importance algorithm, Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), to identify compounds related to the biological age. Most importantly, the model returned known aging markers such as kynurenine, indole-3-aldehyde, and acylcarnitines along with a potential novel aging marker, cyclo (leu-pro). Our results validate the association of tryptophan and acylcarnitine metabolism to aging in a highly uncontrolled large-s cale sample. Also, we have shown that by using robust computational methods it is possible to deploy large LC-MS datasets for metabolomics studies to reduce the risk of bias and empower aging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan K Lassen
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Palle Villesen
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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5
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Koike H, Harada M, Kusamoto A, Xu Z, Tanaka T, Sakaguchi N, Kunitomi C, Azhary JMK, Takahashi N, Urata Y, Osuga Y. Roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1124405. [PMID: 36875481 PMCID: PMC9975510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1124405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among reproductive-age women, affecting up to 15% of women in this group, and the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. Although its etiology remains unclear, recent research has revealed the critical role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pathophysiology of PCOS. ER stress is defined as a condition in which unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER because of an imbalance in the demand for protein folding and the protein-folding capacity of the ER. ER stress results in the activation of several signal transduction cascades, collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), which regulates various cellular activities. In principle, the UPR restores homeostasis and keeps the cell alive. However, if the ER stress cannot be resolved, it induces programmed cell death. ER stress has recently been recognized to play diverse roles in both physiological and pathological conditions of the ovary. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the roles of ER stress in the pathogenesis of PCOS. ER stress pathways are activated in the ovaries of both a mouse model of PCOS and in humans, and local hyperandrogenism in the follicular microenvironment associated with PCOS is responsible for activating these. The activation of ER stress contributes to the pathophysiology of PCOS through multiple effects in granulosa cells. Finally, we discuss the potential for ER stress to serve as a novel therapeutic target for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Miyuki Harada,
| | - Akari Kusamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zixin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsurugi Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanoka Sakaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Kunitomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jerilee M. K. Azhary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Urata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Gruszczyk J, Grandvuillemin L, Lai-Kee-Him J, Paloni M, Savva CG, Germain P, Grimaldi M, Boulahtouf A, Kwong HS, Bous J, Ancelin A, Bechara C, Barducci A, Balaguer P, Bourguet W. Cryo-EM structure of the agonist-bound Hsp90-XAP2-AHR cytosolic complex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7010. [PMID: 36385050 PMCID: PMC9668932 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34773-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that mediates a broad spectrum of (patho)physiological processes in response to numerous substances including pollutants, natural products and metabolites. However, the scarcity of structural data precludes understanding of how AHR is activated by such diverse compounds. Our 2.85 Å structure of the human indirubin-bound AHR complex with the chaperone Hsp90 and the co-chaperone XAP2, reported herein, reveals a closed conformation Hsp90 dimer with AHR threaded through its lumen and XAP2 serving as a brace. Importantly, we disclose the long-awaited structure of the AHR PAS-B domain revealing a unique organisation of the ligand-binding pocket and the structural determinants of ligand-binding specificity and promiscuity of the receptor. By providing structural details of the molecular initiating event leading to AHR activation, our study rationalises almost forty years of biochemical data and provides a framework for future mechanistic studies and structure-guided drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gruszczyk
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
| | - Loïc Grandvuillemin
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Josephine Lai-Kee-Him
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Matteo Paloni
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Christos G Savva
- Leicester Institute of Structural & Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Pierre Germain
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- IRCM (Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier), Inserm U1194, Univ Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdelhay Boulahtouf
- IRCM (Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier), Inserm U1194, Univ Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Hok-Sau Kwong
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Bous
- Section of Receptor Biology & Signaling, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurélie Ancelin
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Cherine Bechara
- IGF, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Barducci
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- IRCM (Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier), Inserm U1194, Univ Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- CBS (Centre de Biologie Structurale), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
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7
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Liang J, Bao AL, Ma HY, Dong W, Li WH, Wu X, Li HY, Hou HY, Chen YQ, Fu JL, Shao C. Prevention of polycystic ovary syndrome and postmenopausal osteoporosis by inhibiting apoptosis with Shenling Baizhu powder compound. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13939. [PMID: 36325179 PMCID: PMC9620975 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Shenling Baizhu powder (SBP) has been shown to reverse the abnormal expression of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediated by air pollution. Our study aimed to understand the main ingredient of SBP and investigate its action mechanism in preventing polycystic ovary syndrome (POCS) and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Methods The active ingredients of SBP with the highest binding affinity to AHR were screened using a Chinese medicine database, and their binding mechanism was simulated using molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). Rutin was utilized to treat ovarian granulosa cell lines and osteoblast cell lines. The cell lines were treated with a gradient of rutin concentration (0.01 mmol/L, 0.05 mmol/L and 0.1 mmol/L) to find the optimal drug dose. PCR was used to detect AHR and apoptosis-related proteins, and WB to detect the expression of AHR, caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-3. Finally, the CCK-8 cell proliferation assay detected the proliferation of cells. Results We obtained Rutin through the Chinese medicine database, and dynamics simulation determined its binding sites. Ovarian granulosa cell lines and osteoblast cell lines were treated with Rutin. RT-PCR and western blotting revealed that the expression of apoptosis-associated protein Bcl-2 was elevated, and the expression of AHR, Bax, caspase-3 and PARP were decreased. CCK-8 results showed accelerated proliferation in both cell types. Conclusion Rutin, the main ingredient of SBP compound, works by binding to AHR, which can improve POCS and PMO by inhibiting cell apoptosis and by promoting cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-li Bao
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-yu Ma
- Hebei General Hospital, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei, Chinese
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-hua Li
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Han-yu Li
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-yan Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-qiong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-lin Fu
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Shao
- Department of Gynecology, Guang’anmen South Area Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Dai R, Huang C, Wu X, Ma X, Chu M, Bao P, Pei J, Guo X, Yan P, Liang C. Copy number variation (CNV) of the AHR gene in the Ashidan yak and its association with growth traits. Gene 2022; 826:146454. [PMID: 35367304 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is a principal genomic structure variation affecting the gene expression through the dose-effect and change of gene regulatory region. It plays an important role in regulating the various complex traits of vertebrates. The aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a member of ligand-dependent transcription factors which belong to the alkaline helix-loop-helix PASS family. It is used as a conservative environmental sensor during biological evolution. This study, tracked the growth data (body weight, withers height, body length, chest girth) of 332 yaks in four stages (6, 12, 18, and 30 months) were tracked. The CNV of the yaks was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR, and the correlation between CNV of AHR and yak growth traits was analyzed using the SPSS and R software. The AHR gene expression profiles were assessed in different tissues of the 18-month-old yak. The statistical analysis indicated the AHR-CNV of the Ashidan yak to significantly correlate with the body length (P < 0.05), and was found to be correlated with the withers height at 18 months old (P < 0.01) with extreme significance. To sum up, this study for the first time discussed the relationship between AHR-CNV and the growth traits of the Ashidan yak. The results indicated that the AHR gene might become a new molecular marker in the breeding yak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Pei
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
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9
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Houser CL, Lawrence BP. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulates T Follicular Helper Cell Responses to Influenza Virus Infection in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2319-2330. [PMID: 35444027 PMCID: PMC9117429 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells support Ab responses and are a critical component of adaptive immune responses to respiratory viral infections. Tfh cells are regulated by a network of signaling pathways that are controlled, in part, by transcription factors. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an environment-sensing transcription factor that modulates many aspects of adaptive immunity by binding a range of small molecules. However, the contribution of AHR signaling to Tfh cell differentiation and function is not known. In this article, we report that AHR activation by three different agonists reduced the frequency of Tfh cells during primary infection of C57BL/6 mice with influenza A virus (IAV). Further, using the high-affinity and AHR-specific agonist 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, we show that AHR activation reduced Tfh cell differentiation and T cell-dependent B cell responses. Using conditional AHR knockout mice, we demonstrated that alterations of Tfh cells and T cell-dependent B cell responses after AHR activation required the AHR in T cells. AHR activation reduced the number of T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells; however, the ratio of Tfr to Tfh cells was amplified. These alterations to Tfh and Tfr cells during IAV infection corresponded with differences in expression of BCL6 and FOXP3 in CD4+ T cells and required the AHR to have a functional DNA-binding domain. Overall, these findings support that the AHR modulates Tfh cells during viral infection, which has broad-reaching consequences for understanding how environmental factors contribute to variation in immune defenses against infectious pathogens, such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Houser
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; and
| | - B Paige Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY; and
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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10
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Gupta V, Hammond CL, Roztocil E, Gonzalez MO, Feldon SE, Woeller CF. Thinking inside the box: Current insights into targeting orbital tissue remodeling and inflammation in thyroid eye disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:858-874. [PMID: 34487739 PMCID: PMC8891393 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune disorder that manifests in the orbit. In TED, the connective tissue behind the eye becomes inflamed and remodels with increased fat accumulation and/or increased muscle and scar tissue. As orbital tissue expands, patients develop edema, exophthalmos, diplopia, and optic neuropathy. In severe cases vision loss may occur secondary to corneal scarring from exposure or optic nerve compression. Currently there is no cure for TED, and treatments are limited. A major breakthrough in TED therapy occurred with the FDA approval of teprotumumab, a monoclonal insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) blocking antibody. Yet, teprotumumab therapy has limitations, including cost, infusion method of drug delivery, variable response, and relapse. We describe approaches to target orbital fibroblasts and the complex pathophysiology that underlies tissue remodeling and inflammation driving TED. Further advances in the elucidation of the mechanisms of TED may lead to prophylaxis based upon early biomarkers as well as lead to more convenient, less expensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardaan Gupta
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Christine L Hammond
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Elisa Roztocil
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Mithra O Gonzalez
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Steven E Feldon
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | - Collynn F Woeller
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, 210 Crittenden Boulevard, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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11
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Unexpected content of kynurenine in mother's milk and infant formulas. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6464. [PMID: 35440600 PMCID: PMC9018775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mother's milk is widely recommended as complete food for the offspring in earliest postnatal time. However, the knowledge about detailed composition and the physiological role of bioactive components of breast milk is incomplete. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the content of kynurenine (KYN) in human breast milk during lactation and to explore the effects exerted by intragastric KYN administration from birth to weaning on physical and psychomotor development of adult rats. We found that KYN is consistently present in human milk and its content gradually increased from day 4 to 28 after delivery and that it is present in commercial baby formulas in amounts noticeably exceeding its physiological range. Animal studies showed that KYN supplementation resulted in a marked elevation of absorptive surface of rat intestine and in enhanced expression of both, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and G protein-coupled receptor 35 in the intestinal tissue in rats. Moreover, we discovered that KYN administration from birth to weaning resulted in neurobehavioral changes in adult rats. Therefore, we postulate that further research is required to thoroughly understand the function of KYN in early developmental stages of mammals and to ensure the safety of its presence in baby food products.
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12
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Méndez-López LF, Sosa de León D, López-Cabanillas Lomelí M, González-Martínez BE, Vázquez-Rodríguez JA. Phytochemicals From Vicia faba Beans as Ligands of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor to Regulate Autoimmune Diseases. Front Nutr 2022; 9:790440. [PMID: 35308285 PMCID: PMC8931403 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.790440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes are associated with gut health benefits, and increasing evidence indicates that their consumption reduces the risk of chronic diseases that include autoimmunity. Beans are rich sources of compounds with health-promoting effects, and recent metabolomic approaches have enabled the comprehensive characterization of the chemical composition of Vicia faba L. This article reviewed whether the phytocompounds in broad beans might modulate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which plays an essential role in autoantigen tolerance as a potential dietary strategy for autoimmune disease management. Therefore, thirty molecules present in Vicia faba of the chemical classes of flavonoids, chalcones, stilbenes, jasmonates, alkaloids, and amino acids, and either a human- or microbiome-derived product of biotransformation, retrieved from the literature or predicted in silico were evaluated by docking for affinity against the ligand-binding domain of AhR. Most analyzed compounds showed high affinity even after their metabolism which indicate that some AhR modulators remain active despite several steps in their biotransformation. Hence, our results suggest that in similitude with the gut metabolism of the tryptophan, phytocompounds mainly polyphenols also lead to metabolites that induce the AhR pathway. Furthermore, wyerone acid, wyerone epoxide, jasmonic acid, stizolamine, vicine, and convicine and their metabolite derivatives are reported for the first time as potential AhR ligands. Overall, chronic consumption of phytochemicals in Vicia faba L. and their gut biotransformation may protect against autoimmune disease pathogenesis by AhR modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Méndez-López
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Jesús Alberto Vázquez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
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13
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Hammond CL, Roztocil E, Gupta V, Feldon SE, Woeller CF. More than Meets the Eye: The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor is an Environmental Sensor, Physiological Regulator and a Therapeutic Target in Ocular Disease. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:791082. [PMID: 35295218 PMCID: PMC8915869 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.791082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor originally identified as an environmental sensor of xenobiotic chemicals. However, studies have revealed that the AHR regulates crucial aspects of cell growth and metabolism, development and the immune system. The importance of the AHR and AHR signaling in eye development, toxicology and disease is now being uncovered. The AHR is expressed in many ocular tissues including the retina, choroid, cornea and the orbit. A significant role for the AHR in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), autoimmune uveitis, and other ocular diseases has been identified. Ligands for the AHR are structurally diverse organic molecules from exogenous and endogenous sources. Natural AHR ligands include metabolites of tryptophan and byproducts of the microbiome. Xenobiotic AHR ligands include persistent environmental pollutants such as dioxins, benzo (a) pyrene [B (a) P] and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Pharmaceutical agents including the proton pump inhibitors, esomeprazole and lansoprazole, and the immunosuppressive drug, leflunomide, activate the AHR. In this review, we highlight the role of the AHR in the eye and discuss how AHR signaling is involved in responding to endogenous and environmental stimuli. We also present the emerging concept that the AHR is a promising therapeutic target for eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Collynn F. Woeller
- Flaum Eye Institute, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Collynn F. Woeller,
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14
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Jaskiw GE, Xu D, Obrenovich ME, Donskey CJ. Small phenolic and indolic gut-dependent molecules in the primate central nervous system: levels vs. bioactivity. Metabolomics 2022; 18:8. [PMID: 34989922 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A rapidly growing body of data documents associations between disease of the brain and small molecules generated by gut-microbiota (GMB). While such metabolites can affect brain function through a variety of mechanisms, the most direct action would be on the central nervous system (CNS) itself. OBJECTIVE Identify indolic and phenolic GMB-dependent small molecules that reach bioactive concentrations in primate CNS. METHODS We conducted a PubMed search for metabolomic studies of the primate CNS [brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)] and then selected for phenolic or indolic metabolites that (i) had been quantified, (ii) were GMB-dependent. For each chemical we then conducted a search for studies of bioactivity conducted in vitro in human cells of any kind or in CNS cells from the mouse or rat. RESULTS 36 metabolites of interests were identified in primate CNS through targeted metabolomics. Quantification was available for 31/36 and in vitro bioactivity for 23/36. The reported CNS range for 8 metabolites 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid [caffeic acid], 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-acetamido-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid [N-acetyltryptophan], 1H-indol-3-yl hydrogen sulfate [indoxyl-3-sulfate] overlapped with a bioactive concentration. However, the number and quality of relevant studies of CNS neurochemistry as well as of bioactivity were highly limited. Structural isomers, multiple metabolites and potential confounders were inadequately considered. CONCLUSION The potential direct bioactivity of GMB-derived indolic and phenolic molecules on primate CNS remains largely unknown. The field requires additional strategies to identify and prioritize screening of the most promising small molecules that enter the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Jaskiw
- Psychiatry Service 116(A), Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (VANEOHS), 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Dongyan Xu
- Psychiatry Service 116(A), Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (VANEOHS), 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark E Obrenovich
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VANEOHS, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Research Service, VANEOHS, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Curtis J Donskey
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VANEOHS, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Disner GR, Lopes-Ferreira M, Lima C. Where the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Meets the microRNAs: Literature Review of the Last 10 Years. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:725044. [PMID: 34746229 PMCID: PMC8566438 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.725044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an environmentally responsive ligand-activated transcription factor, identified in the ‘70s for its toxic responses to halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as dioxin. Recently, AhR has been recognized as engaged in multiple physiological processes in health and diseases, particularly in the immune system, inflammatory response, tumorigenesis, and cellular differentiation by epigenetic mechanisms involving miRNAs. However, there is still scarce information about AhR-dependent miRNA regulation and miRNA-mediated epigenetic control in pathologies and therapies. In this review, we explore the mutual regulation of AhR and miRNA over the last decade of studies since many miRNAs have dioxin response elements (DRE) in their 3’ UTR, as well as AhR might contain binding sites of miRNAs. TCDD is the most used ligand to investigate the impact of AhR activation, and the immune system is one of the most sensitive of its targets. An association between TCDD-activated AhR and epigenetic mechanisms like post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs, DNA methylation, or histone modification has already been confirmed. Besides, several studies have shown that AhR-induced miR-212/132 cluster suppresses cancers, attenuates autoimmune diseases, and has an anti-inflammatory role in different immune responses by regulating cytokine levels and immune cells. Together the ever-expanding new AhR roles and the miRNA therapeutics are a prominent segment among biopharmaceuticals. Additionally, AhR-activated miRNAs can serve as valuable biomarkers of diseases, notably cancer progression or suppression and chemical exposure. Once AhR-dependent gene expression may hinge on the ligand, cell type, and context singularity, the reviewed outcomes might help contextualize state of the art and support new trends and emerging opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonildo Rodrigo Disner
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICS/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICS/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICS/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Ren R, Lu Q, Sherchan P, Fang Y, Lenahan C, Tang L, Huang Y, Liu R, Zhang JH, Zhang J, Tang J. Inhibition of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Attenuates Hyperglycemia-Induced Hematoma Expansion in an Intracerebral Hemorrhage Mouse Model. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022701. [PMID: 34622690 PMCID: PMC8751882 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Hyperglycemia is associated with greater hematoma expansion (HE) and worse clinical prognosis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the clinical benefits of intensive glucose normalization remain controversial, and there are no approved therapies for reducing HE. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has been shown to participate in hyperglycemia‐induced blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and brain injury after stroke. Herein, we investigated the role of AHR in hyperglycemia‐induced HE in a male mouse model of ICH. Methods and Results CD1 mice (n=387) were used in this study. Mice were subjected to ICH by collagenase injection. Fifty percent dextrose was injected intraperitoneally 3 hours after ICH. AHR knockout clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat was administered intracerebroventricularly to evaluate the role of AHR after ICH. A selective AHR inhibitor, 6,2′,4′‐trimethoxyflavone, was administered intraperitoneally 2 hours or 6 hours after ICH for outcome study. To evaluate the effect of AHR on HE, 3‐methylcholanthrene, an AHR agonist, was injected intraperitoneally 2 hours after ICH. The results showed hyperglycemic ICH upregulated AHR accompanied by greater HE. AHR inhibition provided neurological benefits by restricting HE and preserving BBB function after hyperglycemic ICH. In vivo knockdown of AHR further limited HE and enhanced the BBB integrity. Hyperglycemia directly activated AHR as a physiological stimulus in vivo. The thrombospondin‐1/transforming growth factor‐β/vascular endothelial growth factor axis partly participated in AHR signaling after ICH, which inhibited the expressions of BBB‐related proteins, ZO‐1 and Claudin‐5. Conclusions AHR may serve as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate hyperglycemia‐induced hematoma expansion and to preserve the BBB in patients with ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reng Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China.,Department of Neurointensive Care Unit The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA
| | - Lihui Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA.,Department of Neurosurgery Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA.,Department of Anesthesiology Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Loma Linda University School of Medicine Loma Linda CA
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17
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Bocheva G, Slominski RM, Slominski AT. The Impact of Vitamin D on Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169097. [PMID: 34445803 PMCID: PMC8396468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The active metabolites of vitamin D3 (D3) and lumisterol (L3) exert a variety of antiaging and photoprotective effects on the skin. These are achieved through immunomodulation and include anti-inflammatory actions, regulation of keratinocytes proliferation, and differentiation programs to build the epidermal barrier necessary for maintaining skin homeostasis. In addition, they induce antioxidative responses, inhibit DNA damage and induce DNA repair mechanisms to attenuate premature skin aging and cancerogenesis. The mechanism of action would involve interaction with multiple nuclear receptors including VDR, AhR, LXR, reverse agonism on RORα and -γ, and nongenomic actions through 1,25D3-MARRS receptor and interaction with the nongenomic binding site of the VDR. Therefore, active forms of vitamin D3 including its canonical (1,25(OH)2D3) and noncanonical (CYP11A1-intitated) D3 derivatives as well as L3 derivatives are promising agents for the prevention, attenuation, or treatment of premature skin aging. They could be administrated orally and/or topically. Other forms of parenteral application of vitamin D3 precursor should be considered to avoid its predominant metabolism to 25(OH)D3 that is not recognized by CYP11A1 enzyme. The efficacy of topically applied vitamin D3 and L3 derivatives needs further clinical evaluation in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta Bocheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Radomir M. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Veteran Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (A.T.S.)
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18
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Zeng X, Xia S, Yan X, Hu C, An K, Luo L. High expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays an important role in the formation of fibrous epulis. Oral Dis 2021; 28:2258-2266. [PMID: 34139032 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epulis is considered to be a massive reactive lesion rather than a true neoplasia. AhR is thought to be associated with inflammation and development of neoplasms. Here, we aimed to observe the expression of AhR in fibrous epulis and explore its role and possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of epulis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Epulis and normal gingival tissues were collected, and AhR expression was detected at the mRNA and protein levels by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related factor genes in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) transfected with AhR short interfering RNA (siRNA) or negative control siRNA, upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS), were then examined. Finally, the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related factor genes in the epulis tissues were observed by qPCR. RESULTS AhR expression in fibrous epulis was significantly increased at both the mRNA and protein levels. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis-related factor genes in hPDLCs transfected with AhR siRNA was significantly decreased when stimulated with Pg-LPS. The same trends were observed for hGFs. The opposite trend was detected in the epulis tissues. CONCLUSION AhR may be a key factor in fibrous epulis pathogenesis that acts by regulating the expression of BCL2 family genes and inflammatory factor-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Zeng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siying Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangzhen Yan
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congjiao Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangkang An
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Anjali Jha, Sen A, Malla RR. Chemistry of Oxadiazole Analogues: Current Status and Applications. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021030092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Seurat E, Verdin A, Cazier F, Courcot D, Fitoussi R, Vié K, Desauziers V, Momas I, Seta N, Achard S. Influence of the environmental relative humidity on the inflammatory response of skin model after exposure to various environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110350. [PMID: 33144047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The skin is an essential barrier, protecting the body against the environment and its numerous pollutants. Several environmental pollutants are known to affect the skin, inducing premature aging through mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, and impairment of skin functions. Even climate conditions can impact the skin. Therefore, using a Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE), we tested the effect of two samples of fine particulate matters (PM0.3-2.5 - one metals-rich sample and the other organic compounds-rich), two Volatile Organic Compounds mixtures (VOCs - from a solvent-based paint and a water-based paint) and Tobacco Smoke (TS). All pollutants affected cellular functionality, but to a lesser extent for the water-based paint VOC. This effect was enhanced when RHE were preconditioned for 2 h by a semi-dry airflow (45% relative humidity) before pollutants application, compared to preconditioning by a humid airflow (90% relative humidity). In the absence of preconditioning, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, and RANTES were almost systematically induced by pollutants. When RHE were preconditioned by a semi-dry or humid airflow before being subjected to pollutants, the increase of IL-1α, IL-8, and RANTES falls into two groups. Similarly to RHE not treated with pollutants, RHE treated with VOCs after preconditioning by a semi-dry airflow showed increased IL-1α, IL-8, and RANTES release. On the contrary, RHE treated with PM or TS after preconditioning by a semi-dry airflow show a lower increase in IL-1α, IL-8, and RANTES compared to preconditioning by a humid airflow. The effect of real environmental relative humidity conditions of the air, combined with acute exposure to various environmental pollutants, seemed to relate mainly to structural changes of the skin, determining the outcome of the inflammatory response depending on the physicochemical characteristics of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Seurat
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique et Environnement, Hera "Health Environmental Risk Assessment", Inserm UMR1153-CRESS (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et StatistiqueS), Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4, Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Verdin
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Maison de La Recherche en Environnement Industriel 2, Université Du Littoral Côte D'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Centre Commun de Mesures (CCM), Université Du Littoral-Côte D'Opale, 145 Avenue Maurice Schumann, 5914, Dunkerque, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant UR4492, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Maison de La Recherche en Environnement Industriel 2, Université Du Littoral Côte D'Opale, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | | | - Katell Vié
- Laboratoires Clarins, 5 Rue Ampère, 95300, Pontoise, France
| | - Valérie Desauziers
- IPREM, IMT Mines Ales, Université de Pau et des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Pau, France
| | - Isabelle Momas
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique et Environnement, Hera "Health Environmental Risk Assessment", Inserm UMR1153-CRESS (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et StatistiqueS), Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4, Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Seta
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique et Environnement, Hera "Health Environmental Risk Assessment", Inserm UMR1153-CRESS (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et StatistiqueS), Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4, Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Achard
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique et Environnement, Hera "Health Environmental Risk Assessment", Inserm UMR1153-CRESS (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et StatistiqueS), Université de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, 4, Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France.
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21
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Plant Occurring Flavonoids as Modulators of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082315. [PMID: 33923487 PMCID: PMC8073824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor deeply implicated in health and diseases. Historically identified as a sensor of xenobiotics and mainly toxic substances, AhR has recently become an emerging pharmacological target in cancer, immunology, inflammatory conditions, and aging. Multiple AhR ligands are recognized, with plant occurring flavonoids being the largest group of natural ligands of AhR in the human diet. The biological implications of the modulatory effects of flavonoids on AhR could be highlighted from a toxicological and environmental concern and for the possible pharmacological applicability. Overall, the possible AhR-mediated harmful and/or beneficial effects of flavonoids need to be further investigated, since in many cases they are contradictory. Similar to other AhR modulators, flavonoids commonly exhibit tissue, organ, and species-specific activities on AhR. Such cellular-context dependency could be probably beneficial in their pharmacotherapeutic use. Flavones, flavonols, flavanones, and isoflavones are the main subclasses of flavonoids reported as AhR modulators. Some of the structural features of these groups of flavonoids that could be influencing their AhR effects are herein summarized. However, limited generalizations, as well as few outright structure-activity relationships can be suggested on the AhR agonism and/or antagonism caused by flavonoids.
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22
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Kunitomi C, Harada M, Kusamoto A, Azhary JM, Nose E, Koike H, Xu Z, Urata Y, Takahashi N, Wada-Hiraike O, Hirota Y, Koga K, Fujii T, Osuga Y. Induction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in granulosa cells by endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to pathology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaab003. [PMID: 33493289 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have uncovered the critical role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in various diseases, including obesity and cancer progression, independent of its previously identified role as a receptor for endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). We previously showed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a newly recognized local factor in the follicular microenvironment, is activated in granulosa cells from patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and a mouse model of the disease. By affecting diverse functions of granulosa cells, ER stress contributes to PCOS pathology. We hypothesized that expression of AHR and activation of its downstream signaling were upregulated by ER stress in granulosa cells, irrespective of the presence of EDCs, thereby promoting PCOS pathogenesis. In this study, we found that AHR, AHR nuclear translocator (ARNT), and AHR target gene cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) were upregulated in the granulosa cells of PCOS patients and model mice. We examined CYP1B1 as a representative AHR target gene. AHR and ARNT were upregulated by ER stress in human granulosa-lutein cells (GLCs), resulting in an increase in the expression and activity of CYP1B1. Administration of the AHR antagonist CH223191 to PCOS mice restored estrous cycling and decreased the number of atretic antral follicles, concomitant with downregulation of AHR and CYP1B1 in granulosa cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that AHR activated by ER stress in the follicular microenvironment contributes to PCOS pathology, and that AHR represents a novel therapeutic target for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Kunitomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akari Kusamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jerilee Mk Azhary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Emi Nose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Zixin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoko Urata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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23
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Abdulla OA, Neamah W, Sultan M, Chatterjee S, Singh N, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P. AhR Ligands Differentially Regulate miRNA-132 Which Targets HMGB1 and to Control the Differentiation of Tregs and Th-17 Cells During Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635903. [PMID: 33679792 PMCID: PMC7933657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), is a transcription factor and an environmental sensor that has been shown to regulate T cell differentiation. Interestingly, AhR ligands exert varying effects from suppression to exacerbation of inflammation through induction of Tregs and Th-17 cells, respectively. In the current study, we investigated whether the differential effects of AhR ligands on T cell differentiation are mediated by miRNA during delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction against methylated Bovine Serum Albumin (mBSA). Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with TCDD attenuated mBSA-mediated DTH response, induced Tregs, decreased Th-17 cells, and caused upregulation of miRNA-132. TCDD caused an increase in several Treg subsets including inducible peripheral, natural thymic, and Th3 cells. Also, TCDD increased TGF-β and Foxp3 expression. In contrast, treating mice with FICZ exacerbated the DTH response, induced inflammatory Th17 cells, induced IL-17, and RORγ. Analysis of miRNA profiles from draining lymph nodes showed that miR-132 was upregulated in the TCDD group and downregulated in the FICZ group. Transfection studies revealed that miRNA-132 targeted High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1). Downregulation of HMGB1 caused an increase in FoxP3+ Treg differentiation and suppression of Th-17 cells while upregulation of HMGB1 caused opposite effects. Moreover, TCDD was less effective in suppressing DTH response and induction of Tregs in mice that were deficient in miR-132. In summary, this study demonstrates that TCDD and FICZ have divergent effects on DTH response and T cell differentiation, which is mediated through, at least in part, regulation of miRNA-132 that targets HMGB1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/agonists
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Carbazoles/toxicity
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- HMGB1 Protein/genetics
- HMGB1 Protein/metabolism
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/metabolism
- Hypersensitivity, Delayed/prevention & control
- Ligands
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/toxicity
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/agonists
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A. Abdulla
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Wurood Neamah
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Muthanna Sultan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Narendra Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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24
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Trajectory Shifts in Interdisciplinary Research of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-A Personal Perspective on Thymus and Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041844. [PMID: 33673338 PMCID: PMC7918350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying historical trajectories is a useful exercise in research, as it helps clarify important, perhaps even “paradigmatic”, shifts in thinking and moving forward in science. In this review, the development of research regarding the role of the transcription factor “aryl hydrocarbon receptor” (AHR) as a mediator of the toxicity of environmental pollution towards a link between the environment and a healthy adaptive response of the immune system and the skin is discussed. From this fascinating development, the opportunities for targeting the AHR in the therapy of many diseases become clear.
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25
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Coelho NR, Matos C, Pimpão AB, Correia MJ, Sequeira CO, Morello J, Pereira SA, Monteiro EC. AHR canonical pathway: in vivo findings to support novel antihypertensive strategies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105407. [PMID: 33418029 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (HTN) is a disease where genetic and environmental factors interact to produce a high prevalent set of almost indistinguishable phenotypes. The weak definition of what is under the umbrella of HTN is a consequence of the lack of knowledge on the players involved in environment-gene interaction and their impact on blood pressure (BP) and mechanisms. The disclosure of these mechanisms that sense and (mal)adapt to toxic-environmental stimuli might at least determine some phenotypes of essential HTN and will have important therapeutic implications. In the present manuscript, we looked closer to the environmental sensor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in cardiovascular physiology, but better known by its involvement in biotransformation of xenobiotics through its canonical pathway. This review aims to disclose the contribution of the AHR-canonical pathway to HTN. For better mirror the complexity of the mechanisms involved in BP regulation, we privileged evidence from in vivo studies. Here we ascertained the level of available evidence and a comprehensive characterization of the AHR-related phenotype of HTN. We reviewed clinical and rodent studies on AHR-HTN genetic association and on AHR ligands and their impact on BP. We concluded that AHR is a druggable mechanistic linker of environmental exposure to HTN. We conclude that is worth to investigate the canonical pathway of AHR and the expression/polymorphisms of its related genes and/or other biomarkers (e.g. tryptophan-related ligands), in order to identify patients that may benefit from an AHR-centered antihypertensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno R Coelho
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Clara Matos
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - António B Pimpão
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - M João Correia
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Catarina O Sequeira
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Judit Morello
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Pereira
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal.
| | - Emília C Monteiro
- Translational Pharmacology Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, 1169-056, Portugal
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26
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Vinggaard AM, Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC, Jensen TK, Fernandez MF, Rosenmai AK, Taxvig C, Rodriguez-Carrillo A, Wielsøe M, Long M, Olea N, Antignac JP, Hamers T, Lamoree M. Receptor-based in vitro activities to assess human exposure to chemical mixtures and related health impacts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106191. [PMID: 33068852 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a large number of chemicals from sources such as the environment, food, and consumer products. There is growing concern that human exposure to chemical mixtures, especially during critical periods of development, increases the risk of adverse health effects in newborns or later in life. Historically, the one-chemical-at-a-time approach has been applied both for exposure assessment and hazard characterisation, leading to insufficient knowledge about human health effects caused by exposure to mixtures of chemicals that have the same target. To circumvent this challenge researchers can apply in vitro assays to analyse both exposure to and human health effects of chemical mixtures in biological samples. The advantages of using in vitro assays are: (i) that an integrated effect is measured, taking combined mixture effects into account and (ii) that in vitro assays can reduce complexity in identification of Chemicals of Emerging Concern (CECs) in human tissues. We have reviewed the state-of-the-art on the use of receptor-based in vitro assays to assess human exposure to chemical mixtures and related health impacts. A total of 43 studies were identified, in which endpoints for the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the estrogen receptor (ER), and the androgen receptor (AR) were used. The majority of studies reported biological activities that could be associated with breast cancer incidence, male reproductive health effects, developmental toxicities, human demographic characteristics or lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns. A few studies used the bioactivities to check the coverage of the chemical analyses of the human samples, whereas in vitro assays have so far not regularly been used for identifying CECs in human samples, but rather in environmental matrices or food packaging materials. A huge field of novel applications using receptor-based in vitro assays for mixture toxicity assessment on human samples and effect-directed analysis (EDA) using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for identification of toxic compounds waits for exploration. In the future this could lead to a paradigm shift in the way we unravel adverse human health effects caused by chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Vinggaard
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Greenland's Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Dep of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Mariana F Fernandez
- School of Medicine, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Anna Kjerstine Rosenmai
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Camilla Taxvig
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Building 202, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Maria Wielsøe
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Manhai Long
- Centre for Arctic Health & Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Olea
- School of Medicine, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | | | - Timo Hamers
- Vrije Universiteit, Department Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marja Lamoree
- Vrije Universiteit, Department Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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27
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Kyoreva M, Li Y, Hoosenally M, Hardman-Smart J, Morrison K, Tosi I, Tolaini M, Barinaga G, Stockinger B, Mrowietz U, Nestle FO, Smith CH, Barker JN, Di Meglio P. CYP1A1 Enzymatic Activity Influences Skin Inflammation Via Regulation of the AHR Pathway. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:1553-1563.e3. [PMID: 33385398 PMCID: PMC8152917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The AHR is an environmental sensor and transcription factor activated by a variety of man-made and natural ligands, which has recently emerged as a critical regulator of homeostasis at barrier organs such as the skin. Activation of the AHR pathway downmodulates skin inflammatory responses in animal models and psoriasis clinical samples. In this study, we identify CYP1A1 enzymatic activity as a critical regulator of beneficial AHR signaling in the context of skin inflammation. Mice constitutively expressing Cyp1a1 displayed increased CYP1A1 enzymatic activity in the skin, which resulted in exacerbated immune cell activation and skin pathology, mirroring that observed in Ahr-deficient mice. Inhibition of CYP1A1 enzymatic activity ameliorated the skin immunopathology by restoring beneficial AHR signaling. Importantly, patients with psoriasis displayed reduced activation of the AHR pathway and increased CYP1A1 enzymatic activity compared with healthy donors, suggesting that dysregulation of the AHR/CYP1A1 axis may play a role in inflammatory skin disease. Thus, modulation of CYP1A1 activity may represent a promising alternative strategy to harness the anti-inflammatory effect exerted by activation of the AHR pathway in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Kyoreva
- AhRimmunity Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Li
- AhRimmunity Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariyah Hoosenally
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kirsten Morrison
- AhRimmunity Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Psoriasis Centre at the Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Isabella Tosi
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Tolaini
- AhRimmunity Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guillermo Barinaga
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ulrich Mrowietz
- Psoriasis Centre at the Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine H Smith
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Di Meglio
- AhRimmunity Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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28
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Brinkmann V, Schiavi A, Shaik A, Puchta DR, Ventura N. Dietary and environmental factors have opposite AhR-dependent effects on C. elegans healthspan. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:104-133. [PMID: 33349622 PMCID: PMC7835051 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic, dietary, and environmental factors concurrently shape the aging process. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was discovered as a dioxin-binding transcription factor involved in the metabolism of different environmental toxicants in vertebrates. Since then, the variety of pathophysiological processes regulated by the AhR has grown, ranging from immune response, metabolic pathways, and aging. Many modulators of AhR activity may impact on aging and age-associated pathologies, but, whether their effects are AhR-dependent has never been explored. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans, as an elective model organism for aging studies, we show for the first time that lack of CeAHR-1 can have opposite effects on health and lifespan in a context-dependent manner. Using known mammalian AhR modulators we found that, ahr-1 protects against environmental insults (benzo(a)pyrene and UVB light) and identified a new role for AhR-bacterial diet interaction in animal lifespan, stress resistance, and age-associated pathologies. We narrowed down the dietary factor to a bacterially extruded metabolite likely involved in tryptophan metabolism. This is the first study clearly establishing C. elegans as a good model organism to investigate evolutionarily conserved functions of AhR-modulators and -regulated processes, indicating it can be exploited to contribute to the discovery of novel information about AhR in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Brinkmann
- Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfonso Schiavi
- Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anjumara Shaik
- Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Rüdiger Puchta
- Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascia Ventura
- Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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29
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Nothdurft S, Thumser-Henner C, Breitenbücher F, Okimoto RA, Dorsch M, Opitz CA, Sadik A, Esser C, Hölzel M, Asthana S, Forster J, Beisser D, Kalmbach S, Grüner BM, Bivona TG, Schramm A, Schuler M. Functional screening identifies aryl hydrocarbon receptor as suppressor of lung cancer metastasis. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:102. [PMID: 33214553 PMCID: PMC7677369 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer mortality largely results from metastasis. Despite curative surgery many patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer ultimately succumb to metastatic relapse. Current risk reduction strategies based on cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation have only modest activity. Against this background, we functionally screened for novel metastasis modulators using a barcoded shRNA library and an orthotopic lung cancer model. We identified aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a sensor of xenobiotic chemicals and transcription factor, as suppressor of lung cancer metastasis. Knockdown of endogenous AHR induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition signatures, increases invasiveness of lung cancer cells in vitro and metastasis formation in vivo. Low intratumoral AHR expression associates with inferior outcome of patients with resected lung adenocarcinomas. Mechanistically, AHR triggers ATF4 signaling and represses matrix metalloproteinase activity, both counteracting metastatic programs. These findings link the xenobiotic defense system with control of lung cancer progression. AHR-regulated pathways are promising targets for innovative anti-metastatic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nothdurft
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Clotilde Thumser-Henner
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Breitenbücher
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ross A Okimoto
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Madeleine Dorsch
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sadik
- DKTK Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Esser
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Saurabh Asthana
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jan Forster
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Beisser
- Department of Biodiversity, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sophie Kalmbach
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara M Grüner
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Martin Schuler
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor with a novel set of triarylmethanes. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112777. [PMID: 32971427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a chemical sensor upregulating the transcription of responsive genes associated with endocrine homeostasis, oxidative balance and diverse metabolic, immunological and inflammatory processes, which have raised the pharmacological interest on its modulation. Herein, a novel set of 32 unsymmetrical triarylmethane (TAM) class of structures has been synthesized, characterized and their AhR transcriptional activity evaluated using a cell-based assay. Eight of the assayed TAM compounds (14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 28) exhibited AhR agonism but none of them showed antagonist effects. TAMs bearing benzotrifluoride, naphthol or heteroaromatic (indole, quinoline or thiophene) rings seem to be prone to AhR activation unlike phenyl substituted or benzotriazole derivatives. A molecular docking analysis with the AhR ligand binding domain (LBD) showed similarities in the binding mode and in the interactions of the most potent TAM identified 4-(pyridin-2-yl (thiophen-2-yl)methyl)phenol (22) compared to the endogenous AhR agonist 5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-12-carbaldehyde (FICZ). Finally, in silico predictions of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties for the most potent agonistic compounds were performed and these exhibited acceptable druglikeness and good ADME profiles. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the AhR modulatory effects of unsymmetrical TAM class of compounds.
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31
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Bock KW. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) functions: Balancing opposing processes including inflammatory reactions. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114093. [PMID: 32535108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) research has shifted from exploring dioxin toxicity to elucidation of physiologic AHR functions. Control of AHR functions is challenged by the fact that AHR is often involved in balancing opposing processes. Two AHR functions are discussed. (i) Microbial defense: intestinal microbiota commensals secrete AHR ligands that are important for maintaining epithelial integrity and generation of anti-inflammatory IL-22 by multiple immune cells. On the other hand, in case of microbial defense, AHR-regulated neutrophils and Th17 cells are involved in generation of bactericidal reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory stimuli. However, during the process of infection resolution, 'disease tolerance' is achieved. (ii) Energy, NAD+ and lipid metabolism: In obese individuals AHR is involved in either generation or inhibition of fatty liver and associated hepatitis. Inhibition of hepatitis is mainly achieved by regulating NAD+-controlled SIRT1, 3 and 6 activity. Interestingly, these enzymes are synergistically modulated by CD38, an NAD-consuming NAD-glycohydrolase. It is proposed that inflammatory responses may be beneficially modulated by AHR agonistic and CD38 inhibiting phytochemicals. Caveats in presence of carcinogenicity have to be taken into account. AHR research is an exciting field but therapeutic options remain challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Walter Bock
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany.
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32
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The Bisphenol A Induced Oxidative Stress in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Male Patients: A Clinical Strategy to Antagonize the Progression of the Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103369. [PMID: 32408667 PMCID: PMC7277712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure has been correlated to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development and progression. We investigated, in a clinical model, the effects of the administration of 303 mg of silybin phospholipids complex, 10 μg of vitamin D, and 15 mg of vitamin E (RealSIL, 100D, IBI-Lorenzini, Aprilia, Italy) in male NAFLD patients exposed to BPA on metabolic, hormonal, and oxidative stress-related parameters. Methods: We enrolled 32 male patients with histologic diagnosis of NAFLD and treated them with Realsil 100D twice a day for six months. We performed at baseline clinical, biochemical, and food consumption assessments as well as the evaluation of physical exercise, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), plasmatic and urinary BPA and estrogen levels. The results obtained were compared with those of healthy control subjects and, in the NAFLD group, between baseline and the end of treatment. Results: A direct proportionality between TBARS levels and BPA exposure was shown (p < 0.0001). The therapy determined a reduction of TBARS levels (p = 0.011), an improvement of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, insulinemia, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, C reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha (p < 0.05), an increase of conjugated BPA urine amount, and a reduction of its free form (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0002). Moreover, the therapy caused an increase of plasmatic levels of the native form of estrogens (p = 0.03). Conclusions: We highlighted the potential role of BPA in estrogen oxidation and oxidative stress in NAFLD patients. The use of Realsil 100D could contribute to fast BPA detoxification and to improve cellular antioxidant power, defending the integrity of biological estrogen-dependent pathways.
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Hayashi A, Denison MS. Development of a novel recombinant cell line for detection and characterization of Ah receptor nuclear translocation in intact cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 66:104873. [PMID: 32333947 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Ah receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcriptional factor that mediates the effects of structurally diverse chemicals. Ligand binding stimulates nuclear translocation of the AhR and leads to AhR DNA binding and increased gene expression. Studies of the molecular mechanisms by which ligands bind to and activate the AhR and AhR-dependent signal transduction require methods to easily examine each step of the AhR signaling pathway. While current assays can measure ligand and DNA binding in vitro and gene expression in cells, there is no simple method to monitor AhR nuclear translocation. We developed a stably transfected mouse hepatoma cell line (yAHAYc6) that expresses yellow fluorescent protein-tagged AhR (yAhR) for use in qualitative or semiquantitative assessment of nuclear/cytoplasmic distribution of yAhR in living cells by fluorescent microscopy. yAhR nuclear translocation was stimulated in a concentration- and time-dependent manner by AhR agonists and inhibited by antagonists. Inhibition of nuclear export channels by leptomycin B, resulted in increased nuclear accumulation of yAhR in the absence of added ligand, indicating endogenous nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of unliganded AhR and demonstrating the utility of these cells. This novel cell line can be used to detect and characterize AhR ligands and will facilitate mechanistic studies of AhR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Hayashi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael S Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Wu H, Liu B, Yang K, Winston-McPherson GN, Leisten ED, Vezina CM, Ricke WA, Peterson RE, Tang W. Synthesis and biological evaluation of FICZ analogues as agonists of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126959. [PMID: 31952965 PMCID: PMC7007633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand activated transcription factor involved in multiple biological processes including immune cell differentiation, intestinal function and inflammation. Based on the scaffold of naturally occurring AhR ligand 6-formylindolo (3,2-b) carbazole (FICZ, 2), a series of analogues has been designed, synthesized and evaluated by cell-based assays. The structure-activity relationships study has successfully led to the discovery of compound 11e with extremely potent activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Binkai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ka Yang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Eric D Leisten
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, O'Brien Urology Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, O'Brien Urology Research Center, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Urology and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Richard E Peterson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Kynurenine signaling through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor: Implications for aging and healthspan. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110797. [PMID: 31786316 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The tryptophan metabolite kynurenine increases with aging and inflammation, and appears to contribute directly to the development and progression of several age-related conditions. Kynurenine is now known to signal through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) to modulate levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The Ahr promoter region contains several sites for NF-kB binding, indicating that inflammation is a key factor modulating Ahr expression. Furthermore, kynurenine activation of Ahr is observed to stimulate expression of the enzyme IDO1, which generates kynurenine by degrading tryptophan, representing a positive feedback loop that may link inflammation with ROS production. On the other hand, the antioxidant system-inducing transcription factor Nrf2 can be stimulated by Ahr, and Nrf2 can itself activate Ahr expression. The balance between pro- and antioxidant functions of Ahr mediated by kynurenine may therefore regulate healthy versus unhealthy aging in different tissues and organ systems. Potential therapeutic approaches to target this pathway include exercise to alter kynurenine production or molecules such as metformin or resveratrol that may suppress Ahr activity.
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36
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Wu X, Li F, Deng Y, Fan X. Analysis of the control mechanism of lung cancer of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 and myeloid-derived suppressor cell in Lewis lung cancer mice model. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:2037-2042. [PMID: 31889790 PMCID: PMC6923466 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the internal mechanism of lung cancer under the action of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) and immunosuppressive cells myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the Lewis lung cancer mice model. In this research, mice were selected as research objects, and the mechanism of CARD9 and immunosuppressive cells MDSCs in lung cancer was studied by experimental methods such as mRNA expression level, HE staining of tumor cells, and electron microscopy. The results showed that CARD9 regulated lung cancer by controlling the working state of immunosuppressive cells MDSCs and its downstream product indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO). The study confirmed the tumor regulatory mechanism of CARD9-MDSCs-NF-KB-IDO in MDSCs under tumor environment. In summary, the mechanism of CARD9 and immunosuppressive cells MDSCs in lung cancer was to achieve the goal of tumor control through the control of downstream product IDO. There are still some shortcomings in the research process, but the research results still provide some guidance for future research. Therefore, it is a research topic with practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical Collage of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical Collage of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical Collage of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaowu Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical Collage of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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Wikramanayake TC, Borda LJ, Miteva M, Paus R. Seborrheic dermatitis—Looking beyondMalassezia. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:991-1001. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu C. Wikramanayake
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Luis J. Borda
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Mariya Miteva
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester Manchester UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
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38
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Parrado C, Mercado-Saenz S, Perez-Davo A, Gilaberte Y, Gonzalez S, Juarranz A. Environmental Stressors on Skin Aging. Mechanistic Insights. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:759. [PMID: 31354480 PMCID: PMC6629960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the main barrier that protects us against environmental stressors (physical, chemical, and biological). These stressors, combined with internal factors, are responsible for cutaneous aging. Furthermore, they negatively affect the skin and increase the risk of cutaneous diseases, particularly skin cancer. This review addresses the impact of environmental stressors on skin aging, especially those related to general and specific external factors (lifestyle, occupation, pollutants, and light exposure). More specifically, we have evaluated ambient air pollution, household air pollutants from non-combustion sources, and exposure to light (ultraviolet radiation and blue and red light). We approach the molecular pathways involved in skin aging and pathology as a result of exposure to these external environmental stressors. Finally, we reflect on how components of environmental stress can interact with ultraviolet radiation to cause cell damage and the critical importance of knowing the mechanisms to develop new therapies to maintain the skin without damage in old age and to repair its diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepcion Parrado
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sivia Mercado-Saenz
- Department of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Salvador Gonzalez
- Medicine and Medical Specialties Department, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Juarranz
- Biology Department, Sciences School, Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain
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Milart P, Paluszkiewicz P, Dobrowolski P, Tomaszewska E, Smolinska K, Debinska I, Gawel K, Walczak K, Bednarski J, Turska M, Raban M, Kocki T, Turski WA. Kynurenic acid as the neglected ingredient of commercial baby formulas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6108. [PMID: 30988385 PMCID: PMC6465401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The global increase in resorting to artificial nutritional formulas replacing breastfeeding has been identified among the complex causes of the obesity epidemic in infants and children. One of the factors recently recognized to influence metabolism and weight gain is kynurenic acid (KYNA), an agonist of G protein-coupled receptor (GPR35). Therefore the aim of the study was to determine the concentration of KYNA in artificial nutritional formulas in comparison with its level in human breast milk and to evaluate developmental changes in rats exposed to KYNA enriched diet during the time of breastfeeding. KYNA levels were measured in milk samples from 25 heathy breast-feeding women during the first six months after labor and were compared with 21 time-adjusted nutritional formulas. Animal experiments were performed on male Wistar rats. KYNA was administered in drinking water. The content of KYNA in human milk increases more than 13 times during the time of breastfeeding while its level is significantly lower in artificial formulas. KYNA was detected in breast milk of rats and it was found that the supplementation of rat maternal diet with KYNA in drinking water results in its increase in maternal milk. By means of the immunoblotting technique, GPR35 was evidenced in the mucosa of the jejunum of 1-day-old rats and distinct morphological changes in the jejunum of 21-day-old rats fed by mothers exposed to water supplemented with KYNA were found. A significant reduction of body weight gain of rats postnatally exposed to KYNA supplementation without changes in total body surface and bone mineral density was observed. The rat offspring fed with breast milk with artificially enhanced KYNA content demonstrated a lower mass gain during the first 21 days of life, which indicates that KYNA may act as an anti-obesogen. Further studies are, therefore, warranted to investigate the mechanisms regulating KYNA secretion via breast milk, as well as the influence of breast milk KYNA on mass gain. In the context of lifelong obesity observed worldwide in children fed artificially, our results imply that insufficient amount of KYNA in baby formulas could be considered as one of the factors associated with increased mass gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Milart
- 3rd Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL-20090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Paluszkiewicz
- Department of General, Oncological and Metabolic Surgery Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indiry Gandhi 14, PL-02776, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Szkolna 18, PL-20124, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL-20033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, PL-20950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Smolinska
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Szkolna 18, PL-20124, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Debinska
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, Szkolna 18, PL-20124, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Gawel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, PL-20090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Walczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, PL-20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Bednarski
- Chair of Human Anatomy (Department of Normal Anatomy), Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, PL-20090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Turska
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, PL-20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michal Raban
- 2nd Chair and Department of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery and Surgical Oncology of the Alimentary Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, PL-20081, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kocki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, PL-20090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar A Turski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, PL-20090, Lublin, Poland
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