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Liu X, Li Y, Wan X, Zhuang P, Wu Y, Zhang L, Ao Y, Yao J, Zhang Y, Jiao J. Association of Fish Oil Supplementation with Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Individuals with Diabetes and Prediabetes: A Prospective Study in the UK Biobank. Nutrients 2023; 15:3176. [PMID: 37513593 PMCID: PMC10386642 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the association between habitual intake of fish oil supplementation and the risk of developing CHD in patients with prediabetes and diabetes. Habitual use of fish oil was assessed by repeated questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over a median follow-up of 11.6 years, 4304 and 3294 CHD cases were documented among 47,663 individuals with prediabetes and 22,146 patients with diabetes in the UK Biobank, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, the HRs (95% CI) of CHD were 0.91 (0.85-0.98) and 0.87 (0.80-0.95) for individuals utilizing fish oil supplementation compared with non-users among the participants with prediabetes and diabetes, respectively. Furthermore, we identified an inverse relationship between fish oil use and CHD incidence, which was significantly mediated by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in individuals with prediabetes and by very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in patients with diabetes at baseline. The inverse associations were consistent in the analyses stratified by potential confounders. In conclusion, the consumption of fish oil supplements was linked to decreased serum CRP and VLDL-C levels and subsequent CHD risk among adults with prediabetes and diabetes. Our findings highlight the important role of the habitual intake of fish oil supplements in preventing CHD in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuzhi Wan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lange Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Ao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianxin Yao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Bosomworth NJ. Indications for omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in prevention of cardiovascular disease: From fish to pharmaceuticals. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2023; 69:459-468. [PMID: 37452000 PMCID: PMC10348792 DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6907459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the evidence for omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) supplementation in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). SOURCES OF INFORMATION PubMed, Cochrane reviews, and Google Scholar were searched for meta-analyses and reviews related to O3FAs and CVD. Salient, recent randomized controlled trials referenced in these reviews were retrieved. Current lipid guidelines were reviewed. MAIN MESSAGE Most O3FAs are derived from marine or aquatic microalgae, which are consumed by fish. The essential fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are mainly sourced from fish, with a small fraction coming from plants. Omega-3 fatty acids modestly lower triglyceride levels, but the major impact on CVD is through a variety of other mechanisms related to cell membrane function, antioxidant properties, and reduction of atherogenic small low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles. Guidelines continue to recommend eating 2 servings of fish per week. There is little evidence of benefit of O3FAs in primary prevention of CVD. Given that 40% of Canadians have insufficient levels and that these low levels may be associated with other chronic diseases over time, supplementation with O3FAs could be considered, particularly in those with hypertriglyceridemia, in those who eat no fish, or for vegetarians or vegans. Doses up to 1 g daily are considered safe. For secondary prevention after statin optimization, if triglyceride levels are between 1.5 and 5.6 mmol/L, guidelines recommend with level 1A evidence taking 2 g of icosapent ethyl twice a day. This is also recommended in primary prevention for patients with diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia and additional CVD risk factors. As fish stocks dwindle over time, preserving fisheries for developing countries and obtaining O3FA from microalgal or genetically modified plant sources may become important. CONCLUSION All guidelines recommend at least 2 servings of oily fish per week, although benefit from O3FAs is mostly seen in secondary prevention. Fish oil and combination preparations of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have failed to show benefit at any dose at any level of prevention in patients who are appropriately prescribed statins. High-dose eicosapentaenoic acid shows substantial benefit in selected patients taking statins who have high triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- N John Bosomworth
- Honorary Lecturer in the Department of Family Practice at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.
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Bayar E, Saso S, Galazis N, Jones B, Bracewell-Milnes T, Chawla M, Ahmed-Salim Y, Nagi JB. Impact of polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on assisted reproductive technology outcomes: a systematic review. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:678-686. [PMID: 34906024 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2021.2007421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the impact of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) on reproductive outcomes. A systematic search of English peer-reviewed journals was carried out using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to identify articles published from January 1978 to 2021. The primary outcomes assessed included pregnancy and live birth rates. Secondary outcome measures included: (i) implantation rate; (ii) fertilisation rate; (iii) number of oocytes retrieved; (iv) number of metaphase II (MII) oocytes; (v) blastocyst conversion; and (vi) embryo quality. A total of 4 randomised control trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. There is a lack of high-quality research to support widespread dietary supplementation with PUFAs in women undergoing ART. Prior to its clinical recommendation, there is a need for well-designed RCTs to facilitate an in-depth understanding of PUFA supplementation in women undergoing ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Bayar
- Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, Queen Charlotte's Hospital, London, UK
- Institute for Reproductive Development and Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Srdjan Saso
- Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, Queen Charlotte's Hospital, London, UK
- Institute for Reproductive Development and Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Galazis
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Northwick Park NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Jones
- Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, Queen Charlotte's Hospital, London, UK
- Institute for Reproductive Development and Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mehar Chawla
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yousra Ahmed-Salim
- Institute for Reproductive Development and Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jara Ben Nagi
- The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health, London, UK
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Bosomworth NJ. Indications relatives à un supplément d’acides gras oméga-3 pour prévenir les maladies cardiovasculaires. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2023; 69:e134-e144. [PMID: 37452003 PMCID: PMC10348787 DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6907e134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectif Explorer les données probantes en faveur d’un supplément d’acides gras oméga-3 (AGO3) en prévention primaire et secondaire des maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV). Sources de l’information Une recherche documentaire a été effectuée dans PubMed, la bibliothèque Cochrane et Google Scholar pour trouver des méta-analyses et des revues portant sur les AGO3 et les MCV. Les études randomisées contrôlées récentes et pertinentes qui ont été citées dans ces revues ont été retenues. Les lignes directrices actuelles sur les lipides ont été examinées. Message principal La plupart des AGO3 dérivent des microalgues marines ou aquatiques qui sont consommées par le poisson. Les acides gras essentiels, notamment l’acide eicosapentaénoïque et l’acide docosahexaénoïque, sont principalement tirés du poisson, et une petite fraction vient des végétaux. Les acides gras oméga-3 abaissent modestement les taux de triglycérides, mais l’effet le plus important sur les MCV se produit par l’intermédiaire de divers autres mécanismes liés au fonctionnement des membranes cellulaires, aux propriétés antioxydantes et à la réduction des petites particules de cholestérol à lipoprotéines de basse densité athérogènes. Les lignes directrices continuent de recommander de consommer 2 portions de poisson par semaine. Il existe peu de données probantes sur les bienfaits des AGO3 en prévention primaire des MCV. Étant donné que 40 % des Canadiens en ont des taux insuffisants et que ces faibles taux peuvent être associés à d’autres maladies chroniques avec le temps, des suppléments d’AGO3 pourraient être envisagés, surtout pour ceux qui ont une hypertriglycéridémie ou qui ne mangent pas de poisson, ou pour les végétariens et les végans. Des doses allant jusqu’à 1 g par jour sont jugées sécuritaires. Pour la prévention secondaire après l’optimisation des statines, si les taux de triglycérides se situent entre 1,5 et 5,6 mmol/L, les lignes directrices recommandent, sur la base de données probantes de niveau 1A, de prendre 2 g d’icosapent éthyle 2 fois par jour. Cette même recommandation s’applique en prévention primaire pour les patients qui ont le diabète, une hypertriglycéridémie et un facteur de risque additionnel de MCV. À mesure que les stocks de poisson diminuent avec le temps, la préservation des pêches pour les pays en développement et l’obtention des AGO3 à partir des microalgues ou de sources végétales génétiquement modifiées pourraient prendre de l’importance. Conclusion Toutes les lignes directrices recommandent au moins 2 portions de poisson gras par semaine, même si les bienfaits des AGO3 sont principalement observés en prévention secondaire. Les huiles de poisson et les préparations composées d’acide eicosapentaénoïque et d’acide docosahexaénoïque n’ont pas démontré de bienfaits, quels que soient la dose et le niveau de prévention, chez les patients à qui on a prescrit des statines de manière appropriée. L’acide eicosapentaénoïque à forte dose procure des bienfaits considérables chez certains patients qui prennent des statines et ont des taux élevés de triglycérides.
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Affiliation(s)
- N John Bosomworth
- Chargé de cours honoraire au Département de pratique familiale de l'Université de la Colombie-Britannique à Vancouver.
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Syu JN, Lin HY, Huang TY, Lee DY, Chiang EPI, Tang FY. Docosahexaenoic Acid Alleviates Trimethylamine- N-oxide-mediated Impairment of Neovascularization in Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:2190. [PMID: 37432325 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs), originating from hemangioblasts in bone marrow (BM), migrate into the blood circulation, differentiate into endothelial cells, and could act as an alternative tool for tissue regeneration. In addition, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), one of the gut microbiota metabolites, has been identified as an atherosclerosis risk factor. However, the deleterious effects of TMAO on the neovascularization of hEPCs have not been studied yet. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that TMAO dose-dependently impaired human stem cell factor (SCF)-mediated neovascularization in hEPCs. The action of TMAO was through the inactivation of Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, and an upregulation of microRNA (miR)-221. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could effectively inhibit the cellular miR-221 level and induce the phosphorylation level of Akt/eNOS, MAPK/ERK signaling molecules, and neovascularization in hEPCs. DHA enhanced cellular amounts of reduced form glutathione (GSH) through an increased expression of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) protein. CONCLUSIONS TMAO could significantly inhibit SCF-mediated neovascularization, in part in association with an upregulation of miR-221 level, inactivation of Akt/eNOS and MAPK/ERK cascades, suppression of γ-GCS protein, and decreased levels of GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio. Furthermore, the DHA could alleviate the detrimental effects of TMAO and induce neovasculogenesis through suppression of miR-221 level, activation of Akt/eNOS and MAPK/ERK signaling cascades, increased expression of γ-GCS protein, and increment of cellular GSH level and GSH/GSSG ratio in hEPCs.
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Grants
- 107-2320-B-039-008-MY3, 107-2320-B-005-003 -MY3, 107-2621-M-005-008 -MY3, 107-2321-B-005-009, 108-2321-B-005-004, 110-2320-B-039-049-MY3, 110-2320-B-005-008-MY3, 110-2320-B-005-003-MY3, 111-2811-B-039-003, 111-2811-B-039-019 National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Taiwan
- CMU110-MF-62, CMU111-MF-70 China Medical University
- SRD-110031, SRD-110032 Show Chwan Memorial Hospital
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Syu
- Biomedical Science Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40604, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Tun Yu Huang
- Prospective Wound Medicine Research Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40604, Taiwan
| | - En-Pei Isabel Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yao Tang
- Biomedical Science Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40604, Taiwan
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Rust P, Ekmekcioglu C. The Role of Diet and Specific Nutrients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Have We Learned over the Last Three Years? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5400. [PMID: 37048015 PMCID: PMC10093865 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients and diets have an important impact on our immune system and infection risk and a huge number of papers have been published dealing with various aspects of nutrition in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk or COVID-19 severity. This narrative review aims to give an update on this association and tries to summarize some of the most important findings after three years of pandemic. The analysis of major studies and systematic reviews leads to the conclusion that a healthy plant-based diet reduces the risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection and especially COVID-19 severity. Regarding micronutrients, vitamin D is to the fore, but also zinc, vitamin C and, to some extent, selenium may play a role in COVID-19. Furthermore, omega-3-fatty acids with their anti-inflammatory effects also deserve attention. Therefore, a major aim of societal nutritional efforts in future should be to foster a high quality plant-based diet, which not only exerts beneficial effects on the immune system but also reduces the risk for non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes or obesity which are also primary risk factors for worse COVID-19 outcomes. Another aim should be to focus on a good supply of critical immune-effective nutrients, such as vitamin D and zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Rust
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cem Ekmekcioglu
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Shi Y, Xia L, Hu Y, Zhong L. Protective effects of chlorogenic acid on growth, intestinal inflammation, hepatic antioxidant capacity, muscle development and skin color in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fed an oxidized fish oil diet. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108511. [PMID: 36599381 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Under oxidative stress condition, the protective effects of dietary chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation on liver antioxidant capacity, intestinal inflammation and barrier function, muscle development and skin coloration in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were explored in the current study. With that purpose, I. punctatus were fed five experimental diets containing 2% fresh fish oil (FFO, 9.2 meqO2/kg) or 2% oxidized fish oil (OFO, 897.4 meqO2/kg) without or with CGA supplementation (0.02%, 0.04% and 0.08%) for 8 weeks. Upon comparative analysis, the oxidized fish oil consumption significantly lowered weight gain rate, decreased intestinal villi length and muscular thickness values and the tight junction proteins mRNA abundance, augmented the intestinal proinflammatory factors, attenuated hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities and related genes mRNA expression levels, influenced the myogenic regulatory factors expression profile and impacted the myocyte density, myocyte area values as well as the skin pigments contents compared to the FFO treatment. Collectively, long-term feeding of the oxidized fish oil diet suppressed the growth performance, destroyed intestinal structural integrity, caused intestinal inflammation and hepatic oxidative stress, impacted the skeletal development and skin color of I. punctatus. Whereas CGA supplementation in oxidized fish oil diets partially counteracted the negative effects of the oxidized fish oil on I. punctatus in terms of increasing the growth performance, improving the intestinal mucosal structure, alleviating hepatic oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation, recompiling the myogenic regulatory factors expression and improving skin color. In conclusion, CGA has great potential to be an aquatic feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Ziqing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Yong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Liqiu Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
| | - Yi Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
| | - Lei Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China.
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Fish intake and risk of cardiovascular events: an analysis of the VITAL cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:400-404. [PMID: 36482183 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary habits with fish consumption have been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, based on heterogenous observational studies. Current recommendations suggest eating at least 1-2 fish servings per week for CV prevention. METHODS We conducted a retrospective evaluation of a cohort study that enrolled a large primary prevention population to determine the potential benefit of fish intake ≥1.5 serving per week, through a multivariate Cox regression model. The outcomes of interest included all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, MACE (composite endpoint of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes), expanded MACE (MACE plus coronary revascularization), total myocardial infarction (MI), total coronary heart disease (CHD) and total stoke. The estimates were reported using hazard ratio (HR) with 99% confidence intervals (99% CI). RESULTS A total of 25,435 patients were evaluated (11,921 individuals ≥1.5 fish servings/week; 13,514 < 1.5 fish servings per week). Intake ≥1.5 servings/week was not independently associated with CV outcomes reduction, such as CV mortality, MI risk MACE, expanded MACE outcomes, CHD or stroke (HR 0.78, 99% CI 0.57-1.07). CONCLUSION Fish intake ≥1.5 servings/week was not associated with CV outcomes improvement in this analysis, but potential benefit cannot be ruled out.
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Immune regulation of poly unsaturated fatty acids and free fatty acid receptor 4. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109222. [PMID: 36402250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism contributes to energy supply and plays an important role in regulating immunity. Free fatty acids (FFAs) bind to free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) on the cell surface and mediate effects through the intra-cellular FFAR signaling pathways. FFAR4, also known as G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), has been identified as the primary receptor of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs). FFAR4 is a promising target for treating metabolic and inflammatory disorders due to its immune regulatory functions and the discovery of highly selective and efficient agonists. This review summarizes the reported immune regulatory functions of ω-3 PUFAs and FFAR4 in immune cells and immune-related diseases. We also speculate possible involvements of ω-3 PUFAs and FFAR4 in other types of inflammatory disorders.
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Hossain ME, Adhikary K, Akter N, Bhowmik P, Sultan MN, Islam S, Das GB. Fish oil, Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa improve feed efficiency and meat quality of the broiler chicken.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2074785/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Total 288 Ross-308 male broiler chicks were randomly distributed in a complete block design at 2×3 (Two different phytochemicals, i.e., Azadirachta indica, and Curcuma longa at three different levels, i.e., 0, 0.063, and 0.125% of the basal diet) factorial arrangement. Final live weight (FLW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE), carcass characteristics, cardio-pulmonary morphometry, haemato-biochemical indices, gut morphology, ileal nutrient digestibility, tibia morphometry, meat quality and fatty acid profile were measured. Results indicated that, supplementation of Azadirachta indica leaf meal (AILM) decreased the FLW, ADFI, ADG, gizzard weight, right ventricular diameter and increased the FE, tibia calcium content, left ventricular weight and the ratio of right and left ventricle. The AILM substantially increased the malonaldehyde concentration in the Pectoralis major muscle of the broiler chicken at 7th and day 14th days. The Curcuma longa powder (CLP) decreased the FLW, ADFI and ADG without affecting the FE and increased the weight of right ventricle, left ventricle and tibia length. The AILM and CLP interacted to decrease the ADFI, total saturated fatty acid content and increase the FE, ω-6, ω-9, total unsaturated fatty acids, total poly-unsaturated fatty acids and the ratio of total unsaturated: saturated fatty acid in the breast muscle of the broiler chicken. It was concluded that Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa in combination with fish oil improved the FE and meat quality of the broiler chicken at the expense of ADFI and ADG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kona Adhikary
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
| | - Nasima Akter
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
| | | | | | - Shilpi Islam
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University
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Koeder C, Perez-Cueto FJA. Vegan nutrition: a preliminary guide for health professionals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:670-707. [PMID: 35959711 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, interest in vegan diets has been rapidly increasing in most countries. Misconceptions about vegan diets are widespread among the general population and health professionals. Vegan diets can be health-promoting and may offer certain important advantages compared to typical Western (and other mainstream) eating patterns. However, adequate dietary sources/supplements of nutrients of focus specific to vegan diets should be identified and communicated. Without supplements/fortified foods, severe vitamin B12 deficiency may occur. Other potential nutrients of focus are calcium, vitamin D, iodine, omega-3 fatty acids, iron, zinc, selenium, vitamin A, and protein. Ensuring adequate nutrient status is particularly important during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood. Health professionals are often expected to be able to provide advice on the topic of vegan nutrition, but a precise and practical vegan nutrition guide for health professionals is lacking. Consequently, it is important and urgent to provide such a set of dietary recommendations. It is the aim of this article to provide vegan nutrition guidelines, based on current evidence, which can easily be communicated to vegan patients/clients, with the goal of ensuring adequate nutrient status in vegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Koeder
- Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University Hanover, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
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Giosuè A, Calabrese I, Lupoli R, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O, Vitale M. Relations between the Consumption of Fatty or Lean Fish and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1554-1565. [PMID: 35108375 PMCID: PMC9526843 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish consumption is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) partly ascribed to the high content of long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFAs; however, not all fish types are equally rich in these components. To date, it is not clear whether the beneficial effects of fish consumption are shared by fatty and lean fish. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize knowledge regarding the relation between the intake of fatty fish or lean fish and the risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase until May 2021 for full text with a prospective design involving humans providing data for the highest compared with the lowest fish consumption categories. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using a random-effects model. Out of 1902 articles retrieved from the literature search, 19 reports met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Altogether, studies on fatty fish comprised 1,320,596 person-years of follow-up, 20,531 incident coronary heart disease (CHD) cases, 9256 incident CVD cases, and 104,763 total deaths. Studies on lean fish comprised 937,362 person-years of follow-up, 21,636 incident CHD cases, 7315 incident CVD cases, and 16,831 total deaths. An inverse association was present for fatty fish with CHD incidence (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.97), CHD mortality (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.98), and total mortality (RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99). This was not the case for lean fish. The summary estimates for CVD incidence and mortality did not show significant association with both fatty fish and lean fish consumption. The study findings are innovative in highlighting that the health benefits so far linked to fish consumption are, in fact, driven by fatty fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Giosuè
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Lupoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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13
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Liao J, Xiong Q, Yin Y, Ling Z, Chen S. The Effects of Fish Oil on Cardiovascular Diseases: Systematical Evaluation and Recent Advance. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:802306. [PMID: 35071366 PMCID: PMC8767101 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.802306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), both of which are widely distributed in the body such as heart and brain. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that unsaturated fatty acids may have effects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, protecting vascular endothelial cells, thrombosis inhibition, modifying autonomic nerve function, improving left ventricular remodeling, and regulating blood lipid. Given the relevance to public health, there has been increasing interest in the research of potential cardioprotective effects of fish oil. Accumulated evidence showed that fish oil supplementation may reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, and, in specific, it may have potential benefits in improving the prognosis of patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmias, or heart failure; however, some studies yielded inconsistent results. In this article, we performed an updated systematical review in order to provide a contemporary understanding with regard to the effects of fish oil on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CQMU), Chongqing, China
| | - Qingsong Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CQMU), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuehui Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CQMU), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyu Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CQMU), Chongqing, China
| | - Shaojie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CQMU), Chongqing, China.,Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien (CCB)/Kardiologie, Medizinische Klinik III, Agaplesion Markus Krankenhaus, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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14
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Liu X, Zhuang P, Li Y, Wu F, Wan X, Zhang Y, Jiao J. Association of fish oil supplementation with risk of incident dementia: A prospective study of 215,083 older adults. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:589-598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Sun SY, Yang WY, Tan Z, Zhang XY, Shen YL, Guo QW, Su GM, Chen X, Lin J, Fang DZ. Serum Levels of Free Fatty Acids in Obese Mice and Their Associations with Routine Lipid Profiles. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:331-343. [PMID: 35140491 PMCID: PMC8820261 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s348800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and their associations with routine serum lipids in diet-induced obese mice, which have been scantily reported before. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat diets for 12 weeks to induce obesity. Levels of serum FFAs were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Obese mice had higher serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), but lower triglycerides (TG) than control mice. A total of 30 FFAs were found, and 3 saturated fatty acids (SFAs), all 8 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and 7 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) decreased in obese mice, but one SFA (C4:0) increased. Differences in the relative levels of individual FFAs to total FFAs, SFAs, MUFAs or PUFAs between obese and control mice were different from each other and from those evaluated by concrete levels except C4:0, C16:1, C19:1 and C18:4. Only the concrete levels of C4:0, C22:3 and C18:4 were associated with routine serum lipids, including C22:3 negatively with TG in control mice, and C4:0 and C18:4 positively with LDL-C in obese mice, although the relative levels of C4:0 to total MUFAs negatively with TC, and C23:3 to total SFAs or MUFAs negatively with TG in control mice. Different relative levels of the remaining FFAs were differently associated with different routine serum lipids in obese and/or control mice. CONCLUSION Obesity may influence serum FFAs profiles. The relationship of individual FFAs and their relative levels to other FFAs with routine serum lipids in obese and control mice suggests that individual FFAs may interact with others and obesity on levels of routine serum lipids. Once confirmed, the interactions may be novel perspectives when fatty acids are used to improve hyperlipidemia in the subjects with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yu Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Yi Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Lin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wei Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo Ming Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding Zhi Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ding Zhi Fang, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 28 85503410, Fax +86 28 85503204, Email
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CUI Z, ZHANG N, LOU W, MANOLI T. Application of sous vide cooking to aquatic food products: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun CUI
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Sumy National Agrarian University, Ukraine; Technology Research Center, China
| | - Ni ZHANG
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China
| | - Wenjuan LOU
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Sumy National Agrarian University, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana MANOLI
- Sumy National Agrarian University, Ukraine; Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies, Ukraine
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17
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Riccardi G, Giosuè A, Calabrese I, Vaccaro O. Dietary recommendations for prevention of atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1188-1204. [PMID: 34229346 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims at summarizing updated evidence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with consumption of specific food items to substantiate dietary strategies for atherosclerosis prevention. A systematic search on PubMed was performed to identify meta-analyses of cohort studies and RCTs with CVD outcomes. The evidence is highly concordant in showing that, for the healthy adult population, low consumption of salt and foods of animal origin, and increased intake of plant-based foods-whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts-are linked with reduced atherosclerosis risk. The same applies for the replacement of butter and other animal/tropical fats with olive oil and other unsaturated-fat-rich oil. Although the literature reviewed overall endorses scientific society dietary recommendations, some relevant novelties emerge. With regard to meat, new evidence differentiates processed and red meat-both associated with increased CVD risk-from poultry, showing a neutral relationship with CVD for moderate intakes. Moreover, the preferential use of low-fat dairies in the healthy population is not supported by recent data, since both full-fat and low-fat dairies, in moderate amounts and in the context of a balanced diet, are not associated with increased CVD risk; furthermore, small quantities of cheese and regular yogurt consumption are even linked with a protective effect. Among other animal protein sources, moderate fish consumption is also supported by the latest evidence, although there might be sustainability concerns. New data endorse the replacement of most high glycemic index (GI) foods with both whole grain and low GI cereal foods. As for beverages, low consumption not only of alcohol, but also of coffee and tea is associated with a reduced atherosclerosis risk while soft drinks show a direct relationship with CVD risk. This review provides evidence-based support for promoting appropriate food choices for atherosclerosis prevention in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5 - 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Giosuè
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5 - 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Calabrese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5 - 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Vaccaro
- Department of Pharmacy, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Domenico Montesano, 49 - 80131, Naples, Italy
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18
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Frank J, Kisters K, Stirban OA, Obeid R, Lorkowski S, Wallert M, Egert S, Podszun MC, Eckert GP, Pettersen JA, Venturelli S, Classen HG, Golombek J. The role of biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases. Biofactors 2021; 47:522-550. [PMID: 33772908 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present demographic changes toward an aging society caused a rise in the number of senior citizens and the incidence and burden of age-related diseases (such as cardiovascular diseases [CVD], cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD], diabetes mellitus, and dementia), of which nearly half is attributable to the population ≥60 years of age. Deficiencies in individual nutrients have been associated with increased risks for age-related diseases and high intakes and/or blood concentrations with risk reduction. Nutrition in general and the dietary intake of essential and nonessential biofactors is a major determinant of human health, the risk to develop age-related diseases, and ultimately of mortality in the older population. These biofactors can be a cost-effective strategy to prevent or, in some cases, even treat age-related diseases. Examples reviewed herein include omega-3 fatty acids and dietary fiber for the prevention of CVD, α-tocopherol (vitamin E) for the treatment of biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, vitamin D for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, thiamine and α-lipoic acid for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, and the role of folate in cancer epigenetics. This list of potentially helpful biofactors in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases, however, is not exhaustive and many more examples exist. Furthermore, since there is currently no generally accepted definition of the term biofactors, we here propose a definition that, when adopted by scientists, will enable a harmonization and consistent use of the term in the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frank
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Kisters
- Medical Clinic I, St. Anna-Hospital & ESH Excellence Centre, Herne, Germany
| | | | - Rima Obeid
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Egert
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maren C Podszun
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline A Pettersen
- Northern Medical Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Classen
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany
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19
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Liu W, Liu J, Xing S, Li X, Han L, Liu K, Wei T, Zhou M. Marine Phospholipids from Fishery By‐Products Attenuate Atherosclerosis. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) # 3501 Daxue Road Jinan Shandong 250353 China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) # 3501 Daxue Road Jinan Shandong 250353 China
| | - Shu Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) # 3501 Daxue Road Jinan Shandong 250353 China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) 28799 Jingshidong Road Jinan Shandong 250103 China
| | - Liwen Han
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) 28799 Jingshidong Road Jinan Shandong 250103 China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) 28799 Jingshidong Road Jinan Shandong 250103 China
| | - Tao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) # 3501 Daxue Road Jinan Shandong 250353 China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) # 3501 Daxue Road Jinan Shandong 250353 China
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20
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Modulating the voltage sensor of a cardiac potassium channel shows antiarrhythmic effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024215118. [PMID: 33990467 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024215118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are the most common cause of sudden cardiac death worldwide. Lengthening the ventricular action potential duration (APD), either congenitally or via pathologic or pharmacologic means, predisposes to a life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia, Torsade de Pointes. IKs (KCNQ1+KCNE1), a slowly activating K+ current, plays a role in action potential repolarization. In this study, we screened a chemical library in silico by docking compounds to the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) of the IKs channel. Here, we show that C28 specifically shifted IKs VSD activation in ventricle to more negative voltages and reversed the drug-induced lengthening of APD. At the same dosage, C28 did not cause significant changes of the normal APD in either ventricle or atrium. This study provides evidence in support of a computational prediction of IKs VSD activation as a potential therapeutic approach for all forms of APD prolongation. This outcome could expand the therapeutic efficacy of a myriad of currently approved drugs that may trigger arrhythmias.
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21
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Pullen AB, Jadapalli JK, Rhourri-Frih B, Halade GV. Re-evaluating the causes and consequences of non-resolving inflammation in chronic cardiovascular disease. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 25:381-391. [PMID: 31201605 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-019-09817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac injuries, like heart attacks, drive the secondary pathology with advanced heart failure. In this process, non-resolving inflammation is a prime component of accelerated cardiovascular disease and subsequent fatal events associated with imbalanced diet, physical inactivity, disrupted circadian rhythms, neuro-hormonal stress, and poly- or co-medication. Laboratory rodents have established that splenic leukocyte-directed resolution mechanisms are essential for cardiac repair after injury. Here, we discuss the impact of three lifestyle-related factors that are prime causes of derailed cardiac healing, putative non-resolving inflammation-resolution mechanisms in cardiovascular diseases, and progressive heart failure after cardiac injury. The presented review resurfaces the lifestyle-related risks and future research directions required to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms between the causes of cardiovascular disease and their related consequences of non-resolving inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Pullen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jeevan Kumar Jadapalli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Boutayna Rhourri-Frih
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nanoobjets, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, 146, rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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22
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Amirani E, Asemi Z, Asbaghi O, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Mansournia MA, Hallajzadeh J, Moazzami B, Chaichian S. The effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on metabolic status in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1685-1699. [PMID: 33520859 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Data regarding the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation on metabolic status of pregnant women are limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis were done based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) dealing with the effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on glycemic control, lipoproteins, inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnant women. Methods Following databases were searched for eligible studies published from inception to until 2019: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google scholar. Studies that evaluated the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on parameters of glycemic control, lipoproteins, inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnant women were found by using the key MeSH. A study quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool and heterogeneity between studies was statistically computed using Cochrane's Q test and I-square (I2). Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Results No significant effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on FPG, insulin, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, and malondialdehyde were found. However, omega-3 PUFA significantly increased serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (WMD: 3.10; 95% CI: 0.18, 6.03) and reduced C-reactive protein (WMD: -1.85; 95% CI: -2.61, -1.09). Conclusion Based on the results of this meta-analysis omega-3 PUFA supplementation during pregnancy has a significant beneficial effect on HDL-cholesterol, and C-reactive protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Bahram Moazzami
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Chaichian
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Farukhi ZM, Mora S, Manson JE. Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Seeking Clearer Water. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:277-279. [PMID: 33549246 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zareen M Farukhi
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA and Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA and Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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24
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The effects of cooking salmon sous-vide on its antithrombotic properties, lipid profile and sensory characteristics. Food Res Int 2021; 139:109976. [PMID: 33509521 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fish contains bioactive polar lipids (PL) and is mainly consumed cooked. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory characteristics of sous-vide cooked salmon and the in vitro cardio-protective properties of its PL. PL were extracted from brined and un-brined sous-vide preparations in 52 °C, 65 °C, and 80 °C, while their antithrombotic cardio-protective properties were assessed in human platelets and their fatty acid (FA) content was evaluated by LC-MS. Sensory tests were performed using napping followed by check-all-that apply (CATA). Mild temperatures (52 °C, 65 °C) did not affect the inhibitory effect of PL from brined and un-brined salmon, against human platelet aggregation induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or collagen. In higher temperatures used for pasteurization (80 °C), a reduction of antithrombotic properties was observed in PL from both un-brined and brined salmon samples. This reduction was accompanied by a decrease of their n3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and overall polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) content, but only in the PL of the un-brined salmon preparations. Thus, changes in the fatty acid content of PL of all sous vide salmon preparations, and especially of specific PUFA, seem to be associated with the observed changes in their antithrombotic potency. Changes in the content of the n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), a precursor of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), seem to be associated with differences observed in the antithrombotic potency of PL from different sous vide salmon preparations. Taste attributes were not affected by the conditions of sous-vide preparations, whereas slight textural differences were observed in samples treated at 65 °C and 80 °C. These outcomes, if combined with the observed low values of the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in PL of all sous-vide preparations, further suggest a beneficial role for such a mild cooking procedure for preserving the antithrombotic and cardio-protective properties of salmon without affecting its sensory characteristics.
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Hołowko-Ziółek J, Cięszczyk P, Biliński J, Basak GW, Stachowska E. What Model of Nutrition Can Be Recommended to People Ending Their Professional Sports Career? An Analysis of the Mediterranean Diet and the CRON Diet in the Context of Former Athletes. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3604. [PMID: 33255295 PMCID: PMC7761328 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Athletes who retire from their sporting career face an increase in body weight, leading to overweight or obesity. Simultaneously, a significant number of these athletes meet the criteria of metabolic syndrome. The available literature does not offer clearly defined standards of nutrition for the discussed group of people. In this situation, it seems advisable to develop different standards of dietary behavior typical of athletes finishing their sports careers. For this purpose, the study analyzed two types of diets: the Mediterranean diet and the Calorie Restriction with Optimal Nutrition (CRON) diet based on significant calorie restrictions. Both diets seem to meet the requirements of this group of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Hołowko-Ziółek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (J.H.-Z.); (E.S.)
- Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72-010 Police, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sports, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Biliński
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz W. Basak
- Department of Hematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (J.H.-Z.); (E.S.)
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Gui T, Li Y, Zhang S, Zhang N, Sun Y, Liu F, Chen Q, Gai Z. Docosahexaenoic acid protects against palmitate-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110306. [PMID: 32526458 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regular consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with decreased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the therapeutic effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in palmitic acid (PA)-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS H9C2 cells and rat primary cardiomyoblasts were exposed to PA or PA + DHA for 24 h. PA-induced lipotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction were evaluated by immunostaining, real-time PCR, cardiomyocyte contraction and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of dietary DHA on diabetic cardiomyopathy were evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a reference diet rich in DHA, an HFD, or an HFD with added DHA for 16 weeks. Oxidative stress and lipotoxicity in rat heart tissue were assayed by Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, and TUNEL. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that dietary DHA reduced the occurrence of cardiomyopathy and improved cardiac responses to PA. In the rat model, dietary DHA reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress in HFD-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION Dietary DHA reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress and ameliorated PA-induced lipid toxicity. DHA consumption may have had direct effects on cardiovascular risk via myocardial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gui
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Yunlun Li
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Fengzhen Liu
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, PR China.
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
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The effect of nutraceuticals on multiple signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis injury and repair. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 27:321-336. [PMID: 32495263 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is one of the most common pathological conditions caused by different heart diseases, including myocardial infarction and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Cardiac fibrosis is caused by different processes, including inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. The process of fibrosis begins by changing the balance between production and destruction of extracellular matrix components and stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts. Many studies have focused on finding drugs with less adverse effects for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Some studies show that nutraceuticals are effective in preventing and treating diseases, including cardiovascular disease, and that they can reduce the risk. However, big clinical studies to prove the therapeutic properties of all these substances and their adverse effects are lacking so far. Therefore, in this review, we tried to summarize the knowledge on pathways and mechanisms of several nutraceuticals which have shown their usefulness in the prevention of cardiac fibrosis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the current evidence regarding the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid intake and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. RECENT FINDINGS Combined results from randomized controlled trials using low-dosage (≤1.8 g/day of ethyl esters) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or EPA + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) suggest a small benefit for reducing coronary heart disease risk. The Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with EPA-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT) that administered 4 g/day icosapent ethyl (IPE) to individuals on statin at high or very high ASCVD risk with elevated triglycerides demonstrated a 25% relative risk reduction in the composite primary endpoint (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization and unstable angina) for IPE vs. placebo, and a lower hazard for all prespecified individual endpoints other than total mortality. Several national organizations have recommended IPE for ASCVD risk reduction in populations aligning with REDUCE-IT; the Food and Drug Administration has approved IPE for ASCVD risk reduction. However, the Outcomes Study to Assess Statin Residual Risk Reduction with Epanova (EPA + DHA carboxylic acids) in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia was recently stopped for futility. SUMMARY At present, the best available evidence for a role of omega-3 fatty acids in ASCVD risk reduction is for 4 g/day of IPE, as an adjunct to statin therapy, for patients with ASCVD or diabetes mellitus and elevated triglycerides.
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Tappia PS, Blewett H. Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072284. [PMID: 32225035 PMCID: PMC7178170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit S. Tappia
- Asper Clinical Research Institute & Office of Clinical Research, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Heather Blewett
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada;
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Lordan R, Redfern S, Tsoupras A, Zabetakis I. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: are marine phospholipids the answer? Food Funct 2020; 11:2861-2885. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01742a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the latest research on the cardioprotective effects of n-3 fatty acids (FA) and n-3 FA bound to polar lipids (PL). Overall, n-3 PL may have enhanced bioavailability and potentially bioactivityversusfree FA and ester forms of n-3 FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI)
| | - Shane Redfern
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI)
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI)
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Fish and fish side streams are valuable sources of high-value components. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The current practice of fish processing generates increasing quantities of side streams and waste, such as skin, heads, frames, viscera, and fillet cut offs. These may account for up to 70% of the fish used in industrial processing. Low-value fish catches, and under-utilized fish species comprise another source of side streams. These side streams have been discarded in the environment leading to environmental problems or they have ended up as low commercial value products, such as feed for fur animals and aquaculture. However, several studies have shown that fish side streams contain valuable bioactive ingredients and fractions, such as fish oils, proteins and peptides, collagen, gelatin, enzymes, chitin, and minerals. These compounds and fractions may provide the opportunity to develop novel applications in health promoting foods, special feeds, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic products. Better utilization of side streams and low-value fish would simultaneously improve both the environmental and ecological sustainability of production. This review summarizes the current knowledge on fish and fish side streams as sources of high-value components such as peptides with antimicrobial, antioxidative, antihypertensive, and antihyperglycemic properties, proteins such as fish collagen and gelatin, fish enzymes, fish oils and fatty acids, polysaccharides like glucosaminoglycans, chitin and chitosan, vitamin D, and minerals. Production technologies for recovering the high-value fractions and potential product applications are discussed. Furthermore, safety aspects related to the raw material, technologies, and fractions are considered.
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Florentin M, Kostapanos MS, Anagnostis P, Liamis G. Recent developments in pharmacotherapy for hypertriglyceridemia: what’s the current state of the art? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 21:107-120. [PMID: 31738617 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1691523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matilda Florentin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michael S Kostapanos
- Lipid clinic, Department of General Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Unit of reproductive endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Liamis
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Dong J, Feng X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xia F, Liu L, Jin Z, Lu C, Xia Y, Papadimos TJ, Xu X. ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion preconditioning mitigates myocardial oxidative damage in rats through aldehydes stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109198. [PMID: 31336342 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ω-3 fish oil fat emulsions contain a considerable quantity of unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds, which undergo lipid peroxidation to yield low-dose aldehydes. These aldehydes may stimulate the production of antioxidant enzymes, thereby mitigating myocardial oxidative damage. This study aims to (1) verify the cardioprotective effect of ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion in vivo and in vitro, and (2) determine whether aldehyde stress is a protective mechanism. For modeling purposes, we pretreated rats with 2 ml/kg of a 10% ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion for 5 days in order to generate a sufficient aldehyde stress response to trigger the production of antioxidant enzymes, and we obtained similar response with H9C2 cells that were pretreated with a 0.5% ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion for 24 h. ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion pretreatment in vivo reduced the myocardial infarct size, decreased the incidence of arrhythmias, and promoted the recovery of cardiac function after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Once the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was silenced in H9C2 cells, aldehydes no longer produced enough antioxidant enzymes to reverse the oxidative damage caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). Our results demonstrated that ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion enhanced the inhibition of oxidation and production of free radicals, and alleviated myocardial oxidative injury via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaona Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingxiong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujian Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangfang Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhousheng Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caijiao Lu
- Burn Wound Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Papadimos
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xuzhong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
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Tummala R, Ghosh RK, Jain V, Devanabanda AR, Bandyopadhyay D, Deedwania P, Aronow WS. Fish Oil and Cardiometabolic Diseases: Recent Updates and Controversies. Am J Med 2019; 132:1153-1159. [PMID: 31077653 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids derived from fish oil are long-chain omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids. The important polyunsaturated fatty acids of fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. For decades, there has been a debate about the use of omega-3 fatty acids and their benefits on cardiovascular health. The more recent trials including the JELIS, VITAL, STRENGTH, and ASCEND trials, addressed the paucity of data of omega-3 fatty acids on primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events and the risk-benefit balance of these supplements. Prior to these studies, many large randomized controlled trials have shown conflicting results on the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with prior coronary artery disease, stroke, or major vascular events. These inconsistent results warrant a better understanding of the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the subtypes of cardiovascular diseases, and their use in primary and secondary prevention. More recently, icosapent ethyl showed a significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality and ischemic events in patients with elevated triglyceride (TG) and established cardiovascular disease or diabetes. The REDUCE-IT trial paved the way to further reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with high TG despite being on a maximally tolerated statin. The aim of this review is to discuss these recent updates on the use of various forms of fish oil, including prescription form and supplement in cardiometabolic diseases, and their surrounding controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raktim Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, Metrohealth, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | | | - Arvind Reddy Devanabanda
- Department of Cardiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY
| | - Dhrubajyoti Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/ Mount Sinai St Luke's Roosevelt hospital, New York, NY
| | - Prakash Deedwania
- Department of Cardiology, University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, Fresno, Calif
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
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Piccinin E, Cariello M, De Santis S, Ducheix S, Sabbà C, Ntambi JM, Moschetta A. Role of Oleic Acid in the Gut-Liver Axis: From Diet to the Regulation of Its Synthesis via Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1). Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102283. [PMID: 31554181 PMCID: PMC6835877 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of an olive oil rich diet has been associated with the diminished incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Several studies have attributed these beneficial effects to oleic acid (C18 n-9), the predominant fatty acid principal component of olive oil. Oleic acid is not an essential fatty acid since it can be endogenously synthesized in humans. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is the enzyme responsible for oleic acid production and, more generally, for the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The saturated to monounsaturated fatty acid ratio affects the regulation of cell growth and differentiation, and alteration in this ratio has been implicated in a variety of diseases, such as liver dysfunction and intestinal inflammation. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the impact of gene-nutrient interactions in liver and gut diseases, by taking advantage of the role of SCD1 and its product oleic acid in the modulation of different hepatic and intestinal metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Piccinin
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marica Cariello
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Simon Ducheix
- Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, University of Nantes, 44007 Nantes, France.
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - James M Ntambi
- Departments of Biochemistry and of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- Clinica Medica Cesare Frugoni, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Tsoupras A, O'Keeffe E, Lordan R, Redfern S, Zabetakis I. Bioprospecting for Antithrombotic Polar Lipids from Salmon, Herring, and Boarfish By-Products. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090416. [PMID: 31540159 PMCID: PMC6769463 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine polar lipids (PLs) have exhibited promising cardioprotection. In this study, marine by-products such as salmon heads (SHs), their brain, eyes and main optic nerves (SBEON), and head-remnants after SBEON removal (RemSH), as well as herring fillets (HFs), herring heads (HHs) and minced boarfish (MB), were evaluated as potential sustainable sources of such bioactive PLs. The antithrombotic bioactivities of PLs derived from these marine by-products were assessed for the first time in human platelets against platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, collagen, and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), while their fatty acid composition was evaluated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). PLs from all marine by-products tested possess strong antithrombotic activities against aggregation of human platelets induced by all platelet agonists tested. RemSH, SBEON, HHs, HFs, and MB exhibited strong anti-PAF effects, similar to those previously reported for salmon fillets. PLs from MB had the strongest anti-collagen effects and PLs from SHs and SBEON were the most active against thrombin and ADP. PLs from HHs had similar antithrombotic effects with those from HFs in all agonists. RemSH was less active in all agonists, suggesting that SBEON is the main source of bioactive PLs in SHs. All PLs were rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acid, with favourable low values of the ω6/ω3 ratio. Salmon, herring, and boarfish by-products are rich sources of bioactive marine PLs with potent antithrombotic and cardioprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Eoin O'Keeffe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Shane Redfern
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
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Role of Personalized Nutrition in Chronic-Degenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081707. [PMID: 31344895 PMCID: PMC6723746 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human nutrition is a branch of medicine based on foods biochemical interactions with the human body. The phenotypic transition from health to disease status can be attributed to changes in genes and/or protein expression. For this reason, a new discipline has been developed called “-omic science”. In this review, we analyzed the role of “-omics sciences” (nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, proteomics and metabolomics) in the health status and as possible therapeutic tool in chronic degenerative diseases. In particular, we focused on the role of nutrigenetics and the relationship between eating habits, changes in the DNA sequence and the onset of nutrition-related diseases. Moreover, we examined nutrigenomics and the effect of nutrients on gene expression. We perused the role of proteomics and metabolomics in personalized nutrition. In this scenario, we analyzed also how dysbiosis of gut microbiota can influence the onset and progression of chronic degenerative diseases. Moreover, nutrients influencing and regulating gene activity, both directly and indirectly, paves the way for personalized nutrition that plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of chronic degenerative diseases.
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