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Zhang R, Yan Z, Zhong H, Luo R, Liu W, Xiong S, Liu Q, Liu M. Gut microbial metabolites in MASLD: Implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis and treatment. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0484. [PMID: 38967596 PMCID: PMC11227362 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
With an increasing prevalence, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become a major global health problem. MASLD is well-known as a multifactorial disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations in the gut bacteria are 2 vital events in MASLD. Recent studies have highlighted the cross-talk between microbiota and mitochondria, and mitochondria are recognized as pivotal targets of the gut microbiota to modulate the host's physiological state. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a vital role in MASLD and is associated with multiple pathological changes, including hepatocyte steatosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Metabolites are crucial mediators of the gut microbiota that influence extraintestinal organs. Additionally, regulation of the composition of gut bacteria may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for MASLD. This study reviewed the potential roles of several common metabolites in MASLD, emphasizing their impact on mitochondrial function. Finally, we discuss the current treatments for MASLD, including probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. These methods concentrate on restoring the gut microbiota to promote host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhan Zhang
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaobo Yan
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Zhong
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Weiai Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Massage Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Shulin Xiong
- Department of Preventive Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Qianyan Liu
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Liu
- College of Acupuncture, Tuina, and Rehabilitation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan, China
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Fujii A, Kimura R, Mori A, Yoshimura Y. Sucrose Solution Ingestion Exacerbates Dinitrofluorobenzene-Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:1962. [PMID: 38931315 PMCID: PMC11206373 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic dermatitis is a skin disease with growing prevalence worldwide that has been associated with diets high in fats and sugars. Regular consumption of sucrose-containing beverages may increase the risk for several health problems, including allergic diseases and particularly asthma, but the association between sucrose consumption and allergic dermatitis is understudied. We investigated the effects of sucrose solution intake on allergic contact dermatitis in rats and found early exacerbation of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced disease symptoms and altered composition of the gut microbiota after 14 d of intake. The levels of short-chain fatty acids-produced by fermentation by the intestinal microbiota-were not affected in the cecal contents and feces but decreased in the blood; this effect was especially notable for acetate. To restore blood acetate concentrations, triacetin was mixed with a 10% sucrose solution and fed to the rat model. This strategy prevented the early exacerbation of DNFB-induced symptoms. The decreased absorption of short-chain fatty acids from the intestinal lumen was not linked to the decreased expression of short-chain fatty acid transporters in the small intestine; instead, the mechanism involves a reduction in the sodium concentration in the intestinal lumen due to increased expression of sodium-glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yukihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, 518 Arise, Ikawadani-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe City 651-2180, Japan
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Eveleens Maarse BC, Eggink HM, Warnke I, Bijlsma S, van den Broek TJ, Oosterman JE, Caspers MPM, Sybesma W, Gal P, van Kraaij SJW, Schuren FHJ, Moerland M, Hoevenaars FPM. Impact of fibre supplementation on microbiome and resilience in healthy participants: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1416-1426. [PMID: 38499450 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The gut microbiome exerts important roles in health, e.g., functions in metabolism and immunology. These functions are often exerted via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production by gut bacteria. Studies demonstrating causal relationships between interventions targeting the microbiome and clinical outcomes are limited. This study aimed to show a causal relationship between microbiome modulation through fibre intervention and health. METHODS AND RESULTS This randomized, double-blind, cross-over study included 65 healthy subjects, aged 45-70 years, with increased metabolic risk (i.e., body mass index [BMI] 25-30 kg/m2, low to moderate daily dietary fibre intake, <30g/day). Subjects took daily a fibre mixture of Acacia gum and carrot powder or placebo for 12 weeks, with an 8-week wash-out period. Faecal samples for measurement of SCFAs and microbiome analysis were collected every 4 weeks. Before and after each intervention period subjects underwent the mixed-meal PhenFlex challenge Test (PFT). Health effects were expressed as resilience to the stressors of the PFT and as fasting metabolic and inflammatory state. The fibre mixture exerted microbiome modulation, with an increase in β-diversity (p < 0.001). α-diversity was lower during fibre mixture intake compared to placebo after 4, 8 and 12 weeks (p = 0.002; p = 0.012; p = 0.031). There was no effect observed on faecal SCFA concentrations, nor on any of the primary clinical outcomes (Inflammatory resilience: p = 0.605, Metabolic resilience: p = 0.485). CONCLUSION Although the intervention exerted effects on gut microbiome composition, no effects on SCFA production, on resilience or fasting metabolic and inflammatory state were observed in this cohort. REGISTRATION NUMBER CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT04829396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boukje C Eveleens Maarse
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah M Eggink
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ines Warnke
- dsm-firmenich, CH-4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Bijlsma
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J van den Broek
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johanneke E Oosterman
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martien P M Caspers
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pim Gal
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan J W van Kraaij
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank H J Schuren
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Femke P M Hoevenaars
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Salmani-Javan E, Farhoudi Sefidan Jadid M, Zarghami N. Recent advances in molecular targeted therapy of lung cancer: Possible application in translation medicine. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:122-133. [PMID: 38234663 PMCID: PMC10790298 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.72407.15749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death among all cancer deaths. This cancer is classified into two different histological subtypes: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is the most common subtype, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is the most aggressive subtype. Understanding the molecular characteristics of lung cancer has expanded our knowledge of the cellular origins and molecular pathways affected by each of these subtypes and has contributed to the development of new therapies. Traditional treatments for lung cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Advances in understanding the nature and specificity of lung cancer have led to the development of immunotherapy, which is the newest and most specialized treatment in the treatment of lung cancer. Each of these treatments has advantages and disadvantages and causes side effects. Today, combination therapy for lung cancer reduces side effects and increases the speed of recovery. Despite the significant progress that has been made in the treatment of lung cancer in the last decade, further research into new drugs and combination therapies is needed to extend the clinical benefits and improve outcomes in lung cancer. In this review article, we discussed common lung cancer treatments and their combinations from the most advanced to the newest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Salmani-Javan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farhoudi Sefidan Jadid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Fos-Codoner FS, Bouwman LMS, Keijer J, van Schothorst EM. Dietary Galactose Increases the Expression of Mitochondrial OXPHOS Genes and Modulates the Carbohydrate Oxidation Pathways in Mouse Intestinal Mucosa. J Nutr 2023; 153:3448-3457. [PMID: 37858726 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged lactation provides substantial health benefits, possibly because of galactose as part of milk sugar lactose. Isocaloric replacement of dietary glucose [16 energy%(en%)] with galactose within a normal diet (64en% carbohydrates) during a 3-wk postweaning period provided substantial benefits on short- and long-term physiologic and metabolic parameters at the whole-body level and liver in female mice, which might be attributable to intestinal function. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate if partial dietary replacement of glucose with galactose alters intestinal metabolism underlying hepatic health effects. METHODS Proximal intestinal mucosa gene profiles in female mice were analyzed using RNAseq technology, validated, and correlated with hepatic health parameters. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis revealed that the presence of galactose primarily affected the pathways involved in energy metabolism. A consistently higher expression was observed in the subset of mitochondrial transcripts (78 of 80, all P.adj < 0.1). Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) represented the most upregulated process (all top 10 pathways) independent of the total mitochondrial mass (P = 0.75). Moreover, galactose consistently upregulated carbohydrate metabolism pathways, specifically glycolysis till acetyl-CoA production and fructose metabolism. Also, the expression of transcripts involved in these pathways was negatively correlated with circulating serum amyloid A3 protein, a marker of hepatic inflammation [R (-0.61, -0.5), P (0.002, 0.01)]. Accordingly, CD163+ cells were decreased in the liver. Additionally, the expression of key fructolytic enzymes in the small intestinal mucosa was negatively correlated with triglyceride accumulation in the liver [R (-0.45, -0.4), P (0.03, 0.05)]. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, our results show for the first time the role of galactose as an OXPHOS activator in vivo. Moreover, the concept of intestinal cells acting as the body's metabolic gatekeeper is strongly supported, as they alter substrate availability and thereby contribute to the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis, protecting other organs, as evidenced by their potential ability to shield the liver from the potentially detrimental effects of fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lianne M S Bouwman
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hoebinger C, Rajcic D, Silva B, Hendrikx T. Chronic-binge ethanol feeding aggravates systemic dyslipidemia in Ldlr-/- mice, thereby accelerating hepatic fibrosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148827. [PMID: 37560305 PMCID: PMC10407564 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic ethanol consumption is known to cause alcohol-associated liver disease, which poses a global health concern as almost a quarter of heavy drinkers develop severe liver damage. Alcohol-induced liver disease ranges from a mild, reversible steatotic liver to alcoholic steatohepatitis and irreversible liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, ultimately requiring liver transplantation. While ethanol consumption is associated with dysregulated lipid metabolism and altered cholesterol homeostasis, the impact of dyslipidemia and pre-existing hypercholesterolemia on the development of alcohol-associated liver disease remains to be elucidated. Design To address the influence of systemic dyslipidemia on ethanol-induced liver disease, chronic-binge ethanol feeding was applied to female C57BL/6J (wild type) mice and mice deficient for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr-/-), which display a human-like lipoprotein profile with elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels in circulation. Respective control groups were pair-fed an isocaloric diet. Results Chronic-binge ethanol feeding did not alter systemic lipid levels in wild type mice. While increased systemic cholesterol levels in Ldlr-/- mice were not affected by ethanol feeding, chronic-binge ethanol diet aggravated elevated plasma triglyceride levels in Ldlr-/- mice. Despite higher circulatory triglyceride levels in Ldlr-/- mice, hepatic lipid levels and the development of hepatic steatosis were not different from wild type mice after ethanol diet, while hepatic expression of genes related to lipid metabolism (Lpl) and transport (Cd36) showed minor changes. Immunohistochemical assessment indicated a lower induction of infiltrating neutrophils in the livers of ethanol-fed Ldlr-/- mice compared to wild type mice. In line, hepatic mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory genes Ly6g, Cd11b, Ccr2, Cxcl1 and F4/80 were reduced, indicating less inflammation in the livers of Ldlr-/- mice which was associated with reduced Tlr9 induction. While systemic ALT and hepatic MDA levels were not different, Ldlr-deficient mice showed accelerated liver fibrosis development after chronic-binge ethanol diet than wild type mice, as indicated by increased levels of Sirius Red staining and higher expression of pro-fibrotic genes Tgfb, Col1a1 and Col3a1. Ldlr-/- and wild type mice had similar plasma ethanol levels and did not show differences in the hepatic mRNA levels of Adh1 and Cyp2e1, important for ethanol metabolism. Conclusion Our results highlight that chronic-binge ethanol feeding enhances systemic dyslipidemia in Ldlr-/- mice which might accelerate the development of hepatic fibrosis, independent of hepatic lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Hoebinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatriz Silva
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tim Hendrikx
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Gart E, van Duyvenvoorde W, Snabel JM, de Ruiter C, Attema J, Caspers MPM, Lek S, van Heuven BJ, Speksnijder AGCL, Giera M, Menke A, Salic K, Bence KK, Tesz GJ, Keijer J, Kleemann R, Morrison MC. Translational characterization of the temporal dynamics of metabolic dysfunctions in liver, adipose tissue and the gut during diet-induced NASH development in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13985. [PMID: 36915476 PMCID: PMC10006542 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background NAFLD progression, from steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis, results from an interplay of intra- and extrahepatic mechanisms. Disease drivers likely include signals from white adipose tissue (WAT) and gut. However, the temporal dynamics of disease development remain poorly understood. Methods High-fat-diet (HFD)-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice were compared to chow-fed controls. At t = 0, 8, 16, 28 and 38w mice were euthanized, and liver, WAT depots and gut were analyzed biochemically, histologically and by lipidomics and transcriptomics together with circulating factors to investigate the sequence of pathogenic events and organ cross-talk during NAFLD development. Results HFD-induced obesity was associated with an increase in visceral fat, plasma lipids and hyperinsulinemia at t = 8w, along with increased liver steatosis and circulating liver damage biomarkers. In parallel, upstream regulator analysis predicted that lipid catabolism regulators were deactivated and lipid synthesis regulators were activated. Subsequently, hepatocyte hypertrophy, oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation developed. Hepatic collagen accumulated from t = 16 w and became pronounced at t = 28-38 w. Epididymal WAT was maximally hypertrophic from t = 8 w, which coincided with inflammation development. Mesenteric and subcutaneous WAT hypertrophy developed slower and did not appear to reach a maximum, with minimal inflammation. In gut, HFD significantly increased permeability, induced a shift in microbiota composition from t = 8 w and changed circulating gut-derived metabolites. Conclusion HFD-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice develop obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, essentially as observed in obese NAFLD patients, underlining their translational value. We demonstrate that marked epididymal-WAT inflammation, and gut permeability and dysbiosis precede the development of NAFLD stressing the importance of a multiple-organ approach in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica M Snabel
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christa de Ruiter
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joline Attema
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martien P M Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Serene Lek
- Clinnovate Health UK Ltd, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aswin Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kanita Salic
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kendra K Bence
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Internal Medicine Research Unit, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregory J Tesz
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Internal Medicine Research Unit, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martine C Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
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Ma S, Pang X, Tian S, Sun J, Hu Q, Li X, Lu Y. The protective effects of sulforaphane on high-fat diet-induced metabolic associated fatty liver disease in mice via mediating the FXR/LXRα pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:12966-12982. [PMID: 36448414 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02341e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is becoming the key factor in causing chronic liver disease all over the world. Sulforaphane (SFN) has been proven to be effective in alleviating many metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce MAFLD and given SFN (10 mg per kg bw) daily. Our results showed that SFN not only improved the excessive accumulation of fat in the liver cells but also ameliorated liver and serum inflammatory and antioxidant levels. In addition, SFN can regulate bile-acid metabolism and fatty-acid synthesis by affecting their farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) signaling pathway, ultimately alleviating MAFLD. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism by which SFN alleviates hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaotong Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xinyi Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shuhua Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qiaobin Hu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Xiangfei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Yu L, Zhao R, Wang C, Zhang C, Chu C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W, Zhang H, Tian F. Effects of garlic supplementation on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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10
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Pezzino S, Sofia M, Faletra G, Mazzone C, Litrico G, La Greca G, Latteri S. Gut-Liver Axis and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Vicious Circle of Dysfunctions Orchestrated by the Gut Microbiome. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1622. [PMID: 36358323 PMCID: PMC9687983 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent, multifactorial, and poorly understood liver disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. NAFLD is typically asymptomatic and coupled with other symptoms of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD is rising in tandem with the prevalence of obesity. In the Western hemisphere, NAFLD is one of the most prevalent causes of liver disease and liver transplantation. Recent research suggests that gut microbiome dysbiosis may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD by dysregulating the gut-liver axis. The so-called "gut-liver axis" refers to the communication and feedback loop between the digestive system and the liver. Several pathological mechanisms characterized the alteration of the gut-liver axis, such as the impairment of the gut barrier and the increase of the intestinal permeability which result in endotoxemia and inflammation, and changes in bile acid profiles and metabolite levels produced by the gut microbiome. This review will explore the role of gut-liver axis disruption, mediated by gut microbiome dysbiosis, on NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Saverio Latteri
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, Cannizzaro Hospital, University of Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
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Ruet A, Arnould C, Lemarchand J, Parias C, Mach N, Moisan MP, Foury A, Briant C, Lansade L. Horse welfare: A joint assessment of four categories of behavioural indicators using the AWIN protocol, scan sampling and surveys. Anim Welf 2022. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.31.3.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Domesticated horses ( Equus caballus) can be exposed to a compromised welfare state and detecting a deterioration in welfare is essential to modify the animals' living conditions appropriately. This study focused on four categories of behavioural indicators, as markers of poor
welfare: stereotypies, aggressiveness towards humans, unresponsiveness to the environment and hypervigilance. In the scientific literature, at least three assessment methods can be used to evaluate them: the Animal Welfare Indicators (AWIN) protocol, behavioural observations using scans and
surveys. The question remains as to whether all these three methods allow an effective assessment of the four categories of behavioural indicators. To address this issue, the repeatability at a three-month interval and convergent validity of each measure (correlations between methods) were
investigated on 202 horses housed in loose boxes. Overall, the repeatability and convergent validity were limited, highlighting the difficulty in assessing these indicators in horses. However, stereotypies and aggressiveness measures showed higher repeatability and convergent validity than
those of unresponsiveness to the environment and hypervigilance. Behavioural observations using scans enabled the four categories of behavioural indicators to be detected more effectively. Suggestions of improvements are proposed for one-off measures such as those performed with the AWIN protocol.
Regardless of the assessment method, very limited correlations were observed between the four categories of behavioural indicators, suggesting that they should all be included in a set of indicators used to assess the welfare state of horses, in conjunction with physiological and health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruet
- INRAe, UMR 85 PRC, CNRS, UMR 7247, IFCE, University of Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - C Arnould
- INRAe, UMR 85 PRC, CNRS, UMR 7247, IFCE, University of Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - J Lemarchand
- INRAe, UMR 85 PRC, CNRS, UMR 7247, IFCE, University of Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - C Parias
- INRAe, UMR 85 PRC, CNRS, UMR 7247, IFCE, University of Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - N Mach
- INRAe, UMR 1313 GABI, AgroParisTech, University of Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M-P Moisan
- University of Bordeaux, INRAe, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - A Foury
- University of Bordeaux, INRAe, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - C Briant
- INRAe, UMR 85 PRC, CNRS, UMR 7247, IFCE, University of Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - L Lansade
- INRAe, UMR 85 PRC, CNRS, UMR 7247, IFCE, University of Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
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12
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Phung HH, Lee CH. Mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and their application to new drug development. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:761-794. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Ilyés T, Silaghi CN, Crăciun AM. Diet-Related Changes of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Blood and Feces in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1556. [PMID: 36358258 PMCID: PMC9687917 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related illnesses are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Metabolic syndrome has been associated with numerous health issues. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been shown to have multiple effects throughout the body, both directly as well as through specific G protein-coupled receptors. The main SCFAs produced by the gut microbiota are acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are absorbed in varying degrees from the large intestine, with some acting mainly locally and others systemically. Diet has the potential to influence the gut microbial composition, as well as the type and amount of SCFAs produced. High fiber-containing foods and supplements increase the production of SCFAs and SCFA-producing bacteria in the gut and have been shown to have bodyweight-lowering effects. Dietary supplements, which increase SCFA production, could open the way for novel approaches to weight loss interventions. The aim of this review is to analyze the variations of fecal and blood SCFAs in obesity and metabolic syndrome through a systematic search and analysis of existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ciprian N. Silaghi
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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14
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Teng X, Guo P, Zuo Y, Zhao H, Wang P, Liang H. Garlic oil alleviates high triglyceride levels in alcohol-exposed rats by inhibiting liver oxidative stress and regulating the intestinal barrier and intestinal flora. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2479-2495. [PMID: 35959265 PMCID: PMC9361452 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic oil (GO) is a kind of natural extract extracted from garlic, which has strong antioxidant activity. This study elucidates the protective mechanism of GO against alcohol-induced high triglyceride levels. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to five groups, including a control group (CON), a model group (MOD) treated with alcohol 56% v/v at 8 ml kg-1 day-1 for 2 weeks then 10 ml kg-1 day-1 for 8 weeks, a low-dose GO group (GO-L) given GO at 20 mg kg-1 day-1, a high-dose GO group (GO-H) given GO at 40 mg kg-1 day-1, and a positive group (POS) given diammonium glycyrrhizinate at 200 mg kg-1 day-1. The results showed that GO could significantly reduce the serum and liver triglyceride levels caused by alcohol exposure (p < .05). The GO-H group significantly reduced MDA level, increased SOD and GSH-Px levels in serum, liver, and colon (p < .05), significantly increased the levels of Sirt1 and PGC-1α proteins and reduced FoxO1 protein level in liver (p < .05), and significantly increased the levels of ZO-1 and Claudin1 proteins in the colon compared to the MOD group (p < .05). The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the intestinal flora of the GO-H group was significantly changed compared with the MOD group. In summary, GO has the potential to improve high triglyceride levels in serum and liver induced by alcohol exposure, which may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress regulation of Sirt1 and its downstream proteins, and to the restoration of the intestinal barrier and intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Huaqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xiangyun Teng
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Peiyu Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yuwei Zuo
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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15
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van den Hoek AM, Özsezen S, Caspers MPM, van Koppen A, Hanemaaijer R, Verschuren L. Unraveling the Transcriptional Dynamics of NASH Pathogenesis Affecting Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8229. [PMID: 35897797 PMCID: PMC9331250 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is rapidly increasing and associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the major cause of mortality in NASH patients. Although sharing common risk factors, the mechanisms by which NASH may directly contribute to the development to CVD remain poorly understood. The aim of this study is to gain insight into key molecular processes of NASH that drive atherosclerosis development. Thereto, a time-course study was performed in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice fed a high-fat diet to induce NASH and atherosclerosis. The effects on NASH and atherosclerosis were assessed and transcriptome analysis was performed. Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice developed obesity, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance, with steatosis and hepatic inflammation preceding atherosclerosis development. Transcriptome analysis revealed a time-dependent increase in pathways related to NASH and fibrosis followed by an increase in pro-atherogenic processes in the aorta. Gene regulatory network analysis identified specific liver regulators related to lipid metabolism (SC5D, LCAT and HMGCR), inflammation (IL1A) and fibrosis (PDGF, COL3A1), linked to a set of aorta target genes related to vascular inflammation (TNFA) and atherosclerosis signaling (CCL2 and FDFT1). The present study reveals pathogenic liver processes that precede atherosclerosis development and identifies hepatic key regulators driving the atherogenic pathways and regulators in the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M. van den Hoek
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.v.K.); (R.H.)
| | - Serdar Özsezen
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (S.Ö.); (M.P.M.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Martien P. M. Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (S.Ö.); (M.P.M.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Arianne van Koppen
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.v.K.); (R.H.)
| | - Roeland Hanemaaijer
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.v.K.); (R.H.)
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (S.Ö.); (M.P.M.C.); (L.V.)
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16
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Sencio V, Benech N, Robil C, Deruyter L, Heumel S, Machelart A, Sulpice T, Lamazière A, Grangette C, Briand F, Sokol H, Trottein F. Alteration of the gut microbiota's composition and metabolic output correlates with COVID-19-like severity in obese NASH hamsters. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2100200. [PMID: 35830432 PMCID: PMC9291689 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese patientss with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are particularly prone to developing severe forms of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The gut-to-lung axis is critical during viral infections of the respiratory tract, and a change in the gut microbiota's composition might have a critical role in disease severity. Here, we investigated the consequences of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the gut microbiota in the context of obesity and NASH. To this end, we set up a nutritional model of obesity with dyslipidemia and NASH in the golden hamster, a relevant preclinical model of COVID-19. Relative to lean non-NASH controls, obese NASH hamsters develop severe inflammation of the lungs and liver. 16S rRNA gene profiling showed that depending on the diet, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced various changes in the gut microbiota's composition. Changes were more prominent and transient at day 4 post-infection in lean animals, alterations still persisted at day 10 in obese NASH animals. A targeted, quantitative metabolomic analysis revealed changes in the gut microbiota's metabolic output, some of which were diet-specific and regulated over time. Our results showed that specifically diet-associated taxa are correlated with disease parameters. Correlations between infection variables and diet-associated taxa highlighted a number of potentially protective or harmful bacteria in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. In particular, some taxa in obese NASH hamsters (e.g. Blautia and Peptococcus) were associated with pro-inflammatory parameters in both the lungs and the liver. These taxon profiles and their association with specific disease markers suggest that microbial patterns might influence COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Sencio
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Lille, France,UMR 9017, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Benech
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Robil
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Lille, France,UMR 9017, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lucie Deruyter
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Lille, France,UMR 9017, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Séverine Heumel
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Lille, France,UMR 9017, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Machelart
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Lille, France,UMR 9017, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Antonin Lamazière
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology department, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Grangette
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Lille, France,UMR 9017, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Harry Sokol
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology department, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France,Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France,UMR1319 Micalis & AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), Jouy en Josas, France
| | - François Trottein
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Lille, France,UMR 9017, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille, France,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1019, Lille, France,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France,Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France,CONTACT François Trottein Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, LilleF-59000France
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17
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Gart E, Salic K, Morrison MC, Giera M, Attema J, de Ruiter C, Caspers M, Schuren F, Bobeldijk-Pastorova I, Heer M, Qin Y, Kleemann R. The Human Milk Oligosaccharide 2′-Fucosyllactose Alleviates Liver Steatosis, ER Stress and Insulin Resistance by Reducing Hepatic Diacylglycerols and Improved Gut Permeability in Obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:904740. [PMID: 35782914 PMCID: PMC9248376 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.904740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex multifactorial disorder that is associated with gut dysbiosis, enhanced gut permeability, adiposity and insulin resistance. Prebiotics such as human milk oligosaccharide 2′-fucosyllactose are thought to primarily improve gut health and it is uncertain whether they would affect more distant organs. This study investigates whether 2′-fucosyllactose can alleviate NAFLD development in manifest obesity. Obese hyperinsulinemic Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice, after an 8 week run-in on a high-fat diet (HFD), were treated with 2′-fucosyllactose by oral gavage until week 28 and compared to HFD-vehicle controls. 2′-fucosyllactose did not affect food intake, body weight, total fat mass or plasma lipids. 2′-fucosyllactose altered the fecal microbiota composition which was paralleled by a suppression of HFD-induced gut permeability at t = 12 weeks. 2′-fucosyllactose significantly attenuated the development of NAFLD by reducing microvesicular steatosis. These hepatoprotective effects were supported by upstream regulator analyses showing that 2′-fucosyllactose activated ACOX1 (involved in lipid catabolism), while deactivating SREBF1 (involved in lipogenesis). Furthermore, 2′-fucosyllactose suppressed ATF4, ATF6, ERN1, and NUPR1 all of which participate in endoplasmic reticulum stress. 2′-fucosyllactose reduced fasting insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR, which was corroborated by decreased intrahepatic diacylglycerols. In conclusion, long-term supplementation with 2′-fucosyllactose can counteract the detrimental effects of HFD on gut dysbiosis and gut permeability and attenuates the development of liver steatosis. The observed reduction in intrahepatic diacylglycerols provides a mechanistic rationale for the improvement of hyperinsulinemia and supports the use of 2′-fucosyllactose to correct dysmetabolism and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Eveline Gart,
| | - Kanita Salic
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Joline Attema
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Christa de Ruiter
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martien Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Frank Schuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Ivana Bobeldijk-Pastorova
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Yan Qin
- Human Nutrition, BASF Pte Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
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18
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Morrison MC, Gart E, van Duyvenvoorde W, Snabel J, Nielsen MJ, Leeming DJ, Menke A, Kleemann R. Heat-Inactivated Akkermansia muciniphila Improves Gut Permeability but Does Not Prevent Development of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Diet-Induced Obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042325. [PMID: 35216439 PMCID: PMC8878538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been associated with alterations in gut microbiota composition and reduced gut barrier function. Akkermansia muciniphila is a gut microbe that is thought to have health-promoting properties, including the ability to improve gut barrier function and host metabolism, both when administered live and after heat-inactivation. We questioned whether heat-inactivated A. muciniphila may reduce NASH development. Ldlr−/−.Leiden mice, a translational, diet-induced model for NASH, were fed a NASH-inducing high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with heat-inactivated A. muciniphila. After 28 weeks, effects of the treatment on obesity and associated metabolic dysfunction in the gut (microbiota composition and permeability), adipose tissue, and liver were studied relative to an untreated HFD control. Treatment with heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did not affect body weight or adiposity and had no effect on plasma lipids, blood glucose, or plasma insulin. Heat-inactivated A. muciniphila had some minor effects on mucosal microbiota composition in ileum and colon and improved gut barrier function, as assessed by an in vivo functional gut permeability test. Epidydimal white adipose tissue (WAT) hypertrophy and inflammation were not affected, but heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did reduce hypertrophy in the mesenteric WAT which is in close proximity to the intestine. Heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did not affect the development of NASH or associated fibrosis in the liver and did not affect circulating bile acids or markers of liver fibrosis, but did reduce PRO-C4, a type IV collagen synthesis marker, which may be associated with gut integrity. In conclusion, despite beneficial effects in the gut and mesenteric adipose tissue, heat-inactivated A. muciniphila did not affect the development of NASH and fibrosis in a chronic disease setting that mimics clinically relevant disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Jessica Snabel
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Mette Juul Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.J.N.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Diana Julie Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.J.N.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Aswin Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (E.G.); (W.v.D.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Biondini M, Kiepas A, El-Houjeiri L, Annis MG, Hsu BE, Fortier AM, Morin G, Martina JA, Sirois I, Aguilar-Mahecha A, Gruosso T, McGuirk S, Rose AAN, Tokat UM, Johnson RM, Sahin O, Bareke E, St-Pierre J, Park M, Basik M, Majewski J, Puertollano R, Pause A, Huang S, Keler T, Siegel PM. HSP90 inhibitors induce GPNMB cell-surface expression by modulating lysosomal positioning and sensitize breast cancer cells to glembatumumab vedotin. Oncogene 2022; 41:1701-1717. [PMID: 35110681 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) is a prognostic marker of poor outcome in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Glembatumumab Vedotin, an antibody drug conjugate targeting GPNMB, exhibits variable efficacy against GPNMB-positive metastatic TNBC as a single agent. We show that GPNMB levels increase in response to standard-of-care and experimental therapies for multiple breast cancer subtypes. While these therapeutic stressors induce GPNMB expression through differential engagement of the MiTF family of transcription factors, not all are capable of increasing GPNMB cell-surface localization required for Glembatumumab Vedotin inhibition. Using a FACS-based genetic screen, we discovered that suppression of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) concomitantly increases GPNMB expression and cell-surface localization. Mechanistically, HSP90 inhibition resulted in lysosomal dispersion towards the cell periphery and fusion with the plasma membrane, which delivers GPNMB to the cell surface. Finally, treatment with HSP90 inhibitors sensitizes breast cancers to Glembatumumab Vedotin in vivo, suggesting that combination of HSP90 inhibitors and Glembatumumab Vedotin may be a viable treatment strategy for patients with metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Biondini
- Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Kiepas
- Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Leeanna El-Houjeiri
- Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian E Hsu
- Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Fortier
- Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Morin
- Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - José A Martina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabelle Sirois
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Mahecha
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tina Gruosso
- Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shawn McGuirk
- Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - April A N Rose
- Department of Oncology and Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Unal M Tokat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Eric Bareke
- Genome Québec Innovation Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology and Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Genome Québec Innovation Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arnim Pause
- Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sidong Huang
- Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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20
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Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010056. [PMID: 35053205 PMCID: PMC8774162 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD begins as a relatively benign hepatic steatosis which can evolve to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) increases when fibrosis is present. NAFLD represents a complex process implicating numerous factors—genetic, metabolic, and dietary—intertwined in a multi-hit etiopathogenetic model. Recent data have highlighted the role of gut dysbiosis, which may render the bowel more permeable, leading to increased free fatty acid absorption, bacterial migration, and a parallel release of toxic bacterial products, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and proinflammatory cytokines that initiate and sustain inflammation. Although gut dysbiosis is present in each disease stage, there is currently no single microbial signature to distinguish or predict which patients will evolve from NAFLD to NASH and HCC. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, the majority of patients with NAFLD/NASH exhibit increased numbers of Bacteroidetes and differences in the presence of Firmicutes, resulting in a decreased F/B ratio in most studies. They also present an increased proportion of species belonging to Clostridium, Anaerobacter, Streptococcus, Escherichia, and Lactobacillus, whereas Oscillibacter, Flavonifaractor, Odoribacter, and Alistipes spp. are less prominent. In comparison to healthy controls, patients with NASH show a higher abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia spp., while Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila are diminished. Children with NAFLD/NASH have a decreased proportion of Oscillospira spp. accompanied by an elevated proportion of Dorea, Blautia, Prevotella copri, and Ruminococcus spp. Gut microbiota composition may vary between population groups and different stages of NAFLD, making any conclusive or causative claims about gut microbiota profiles in NAFLD patients challenging. Moreover, various metabolites may be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, such as short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, bile acids, choline and trimethylamine-N-oxide, and ammonia. In this review, we summarize the role of the gut microbiome and metabolites in NAFLD pathogenesis, and we discuss potential preventive and therapeutic interventions related to the gut microbiome, such as the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, and bacteriophages, as well as the contribution of bariatric surgery and fecal microbiota transplantation in the therapeutic armamentarium against NAFLD. Larger and longer-term prospective studies, including well-defined cohorts as well as a multi-omics approach, are required to better identify the associations between the gut microbiome, microbial metabolites, and NAFLD occurrence and progression.
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21
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Gart E, van Duyvenvoorde W, Toet K, Caspers MPM, Verschuren L, Nielsen MJ, Leeming DJ, Souto Lima E, Menke A, Hanemaaijer R, Keijer J, Salic K, Kleemann R, Morrison MC. Butyrate Protects against Diet-Induced NASH and Liver Fibrosis and Suppresses Specific Non-Canonical TGF-β Signaling Pathways in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121954. [PMID: 34944770 PMCID: PMC8698820 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity-associated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), persistent hepatocellular damage and inflammation are key drivers of fibrosis, which is the main determinant of NASH-associated mortality. The short-chain fatty acid butyrate can exert metabolic improvements and anti-inflammatory activities in NASH. However, its effects on NASH-associated liver fibrosis remain unclear. Putative antifibrotic effects of butyrate were studied in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice fed an obesogenic diet (HFD) containing 2.5% (w/w) butyrate for 38 weeks and compared with a HFD-control group. Antifibrotic mechanisms of butyrate were further investigated in TGF-β-stimulated primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSC). HFD-fed mice developed obesity, insulin resistance, increased plasma leptin levels, adipose tissue inflammation, gut permeability, dysbiosis, and NASH-associated fibrosis. Butyrate corrected hyperinsulinemia, lowered plasma leptin levels, and attenuated adipose tissue inflammation, without affecting gut permeability or microbiota composition. Butyrate lowered plasma ALT and CK-18M30 levels and attenuated hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Butyrate inhibited fibrosis development as demonstrated by decreased hepatic collagen content and Sirius-red-positive area. In TGF-β-stimulated HSC, butyrate dose-dependently reduced collagen deposition and decreased procollagen1α1 and PAI1 protein expression. Transcriptomic analysis and subsequent pathway and upstream regulator analysis revealed deactivation of specific non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways Rho-like GTPases and PI3K/AKT and other important pro-fibrotic regulators (e.g., YAP/TAZ, MYC) by butyrate, providing a potential rationale for its antifibrotic effects. In conclusion, butyrate protects against obesity development, insulin resistance-associated NASH, and liver fibrosis. These antifibrotic effects are at least partly attributable to a direct effect of butyrate on collagen production in hepatic stellate cells, involving inhibition of non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (W.v.D.); (K.T.); (A.M.); (R.H.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (M.C.M.)
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Wim van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (W.v.D.); (K.T.); (A.M.); (R.H.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Karin Toet
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (W.v.D.); (K.T.); (A.M.); (R.H.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Martien P. M. Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (M.P.M.C.); (L.V.); (E.S.L.)
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (M.P.M.C.); (L.V.); (E.S.L.)
| | - Mette Juul Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.J.N.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Diana Julie Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (M.J.N.); (D.J.L.)
| | - Everton Souto Lima
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, TNO, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands; (M.P.M.C.); (L.V.); (E.S.L.)
| | - Aswin Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (W.v.D.); (K.T.); (A.M.); (R.H.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Roeland Hanemaaijer
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (W.v.D.); (K.T.); (A.M.); (R.H.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Kanita Salic
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (W.v.D.); (K.T.); (A.M.); (R.H.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (W.v.D.); (K.T.); (A.M.); (R.H.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands; (W.v.D.); (K.T.); (A.M.); (R.H.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (M.C.M.)
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22
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van den Hoek AM, de Jong JCBC, Worms N, van Nieuwkoop A, Voskuilen M, Menke AL, Lek S, Caspers MPM, Verschuren L, Kleemann R. Diet and exercise reduce pre-existing NASH and fibrosis and have additional beneficial effects on the vasculature, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle via organ-crosstalk. Metabolism 2021; 124:154873. [PMID: 34478753 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become one of the most common liver diseases and is still without approved pharmacotherapy. Lifestyle interventions using exercise and diet change remain the current treatment of choice and even a small weight loss (5-7%) can already have a beneficial effect on NASH. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of exercise and diet interventions remain largely elusive, and it is unclear whether they exert their health effects via similar or different pathways. METHODS Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice received a high fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks to establish a severe state of NASH/fibrosis with simultaneous atherosclerosis development. Groups of mice were then either left untreated (control group) or were treated for 20 weeks with exercise (running wheel), diet change (switch to a low fat chow diet) or the combination thereof. The liver and distant organs including heart, white adipose tissue (WAT) and muscle were histologically examined. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of liver, WAT and muscle revealed the organ-specific effects of exercise and diet and defined the underlying pathways. RESULTS Exercise and dietary change significantly reduced body weight, fat mass, adipocyte size and improved myosteatosis and muscle function with additive effects of combination treatment. WAT inflammation was significantly improved by diet change, tended to be reduced with exercise, and combination therapy had no additive effect. Hepatic steatosis and inflammation were almost fully reversed by exercise and diet change, while hepatic fibrosis tended to be improved with exercise and was significantly improved with diet change. Additive effects for the combination therapy were shown for liver steatosis and associated liver lipids, and atherosclerosis, but not for hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Pathway analysis revealed complementary effects on metabolic pathways and lipid handling processes, thereby substantiating the added value of combined lifestyle treatment. CONCLUSIONS Exercise, diet change and the combination thereof can reverse established NASH/fibrosis in obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice. In addition, the lifestyle interventions had beneficial effects on atherosclerosis, WAT inflammation and muscle function. For steatosis and other parameters related to adiposity or lipid metabolism, exercise and dietary change affected more distinct pathways that acted complementary when the interventions were combined resulting in an additive effect for the combination therapy on important endpoints including NASH and atherosclerosis. For inflammation, exercise and diet change shared several underlying pathways resulting in a net similar effect when the interventions were combined.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/diet therapy
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/therapy
- Diet, Fat-Restricted
- Diet, High-Fat
- Lipid Metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/diet therapy
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diet therapy
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/genetics
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/therapy
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M van den Hoek
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jelle C B C de Jong
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands; Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Worms
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anita van Nieuwkoop
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Voskuilen
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aswin L Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Serene Lek
- Clinnovate Health UK Ltd, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Martien P M Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (LUMC), the Netherlands
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23
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Krill Oil Treatment Increases Distinct PUFAs and Oxylipins in Adipose Tissue and Liver and Attenuates Obesity-Associated Inflammation via Direct and Indirect Mechanisms. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082836. [PMID: 34444996 PMCID: PMC8401900 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of obesity is characterized by the metabolic overload of tissues and subsequent organ inflammation. The health effects of krill oil (KrO) on obesity-associated inflammation remain largely elusive, because long-term treatments with KrO have not been performed to date. Therefore, we examined the putative health effects of 28 weeks of 3% (w/w) KrO supplementation to an obesogenic diet (HFD) with fat derived mostly from lard. The HFD with KrO was compared to an HFD control group to evaluate the effects on fatty acid composition and associated inflammation in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and the liver during obesity development. KrO treatment increased the concentrations of EPA and DHA and associated oxylipins, including 18-HEPE, RvE2 and 14-HDHA in eWAT and the liver. Simultaneously, KrO decreased arachidonic acid concentrations and arachidonic-acid-derived oxylipins (e.g., HETEs, PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, TXB2). In eWAT, KrO activated regulators of adipogenesis (e.g., PPARγ, CEBPα, KLF15, STAT5A), induced a shift towards smaller adipocytes and increased the total adipocyte numbers indicative for hyperplasia. KrO reduced crown-like structures in eWAT, and suppressed HFD-stimulated inflammatory pathways including TNFα and CCL2/MCP-1 signaling. The observed eWAT changes were accompanied by reduced plasma leptin and increased plasma adiponectin levels over time, and improved insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In the liver, KrO suppressed inflammatory signaling pathways, including those controlled by IL-1β and M-CSF, without affecting liver histology. Furthermore, KrO deactivated hepatic REL-A/p65-NF-κB signaling, consistent with increased PPARα protein expression and a trend towards an increase in IkBα. In conclusion, long-term KrO treatment increased several anti-inflammatory PUFAs and oxylipins in WAT and the liver. These changes were accompanied by beneficial effects on general metabolism and inflammatory tone at the tissue level. The stimulation of adipogenesis by KrO allows for safe fat storage and may, together with more direct PPAR-mediated anti-inflammatory mechanisms, attenuate inflammation.
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24
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Liu D, Song P, Yan J, Wang H, Cai Z, Xie J, Zhang T. Gut Microbiome Changes in Captive Plateau Zokors ( Eospalax baileyi). Evol Bioinform Online 2021; 17:1176934321996353. [PMID: 34103885 PMCID: PMC8164558 DOI: 10.1177/1176934321996353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild-caught animals must cope with drastic lifestyle and dietary changes after being induced to captivity. How the gut microbiome structure of these animals will change in response receives increasing attention. The plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi), a typic subterranean rodent endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, spends almost the whole life underground and is well adapted to the environmental pressures of both plateau and underground. However, how the gut microbiome of the plateau zokor will change in response to captivity has not been reported to date. This study compared the microbial community structure and functions of 22 plateau zokors before (the WS group) and after being kept in captivity for 15 days (the LS group, fed on carrots) using the 16S rRNA gene via high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the LS group retained 973 of the 977 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the WS group, and no new OTUs were found in the LS group. The dominant bacterial phyla were Bacteroides and Firmicutes in both groups. In alpha diversity analysis, the Shannon, Sobs, and ACE indexes of the LS group were significantly lower than those of the WS group. A remarkable difference (P < 0.01) between groups was also detected in beta diversity analysis. The UPGMA clustering, NMDS, PCoA, and Anosim results all showed that the intergroup difference was significantly greater than the intragroup difference. And compared with the WS group, the intragroup difference of the gut microbiota in the LS group was much larger, which failed to support the assumption that similar diets should drive convergence of gut microbial communities. PICRUSt revealed that although some functional categories displayed significant differences between groups, the relative abundances of these categories were very close in both groups. Based on all the results, we conclude that as plateau zokors enter captivity for a short time, although the relative abundances of different gut microbiota categories shifted significantly, they can maintain almost all the OTUs and the functions of the gut microbiota in the wild. So, the use of wild-caught plateau zokors in gut microbial studies is acceptable if the time in captivity is short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Kunlun College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyan Yan
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Haijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Jiuxiang Xie
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Tongzuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China.,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China
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25
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Plaza-Díaz J, Solis-Urra P, Aragón-Vela J, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Olivares-Arancibia J, Álvarez-Mercado AI. Insights into the Impact of Microbiota in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH and Its Potential as a Biomarker for Prognosis and Diagnosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:145. [PMID: 33546191 PMCID: PMC7913217 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing cause of chronic liver illness associated with obesity and metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. A more severe type of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is considered an ongoing global health threat and dramatically increases the risks of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several reports have demonstrated that liver steatosis is associated with the elevation of certain clinical and biochemical markers but with low predictive potential. In addition, current imaging methods are inaccurate and inadequate for quantification of liver steatosis and do not distinguish clearly between the microvesicular and the macrovesicular types. On the other hand, an unhealthy status usually presents an altered gut microbiota, associated with the loss of its functions. Indeed, NAFLD pathophysiology has been linked to lower microbial diversity and a weakened intestinal barrier, exposing the host to bacterial components and stimulating pathways of immune defense and inflammation via toll-like receptor signaling. Moreover, this activation of inflammation in hepatocytes induces progression from simple steatosis to NASH. In the present review, we aim to: (a) summarize studies on both human and animals addressed to determine the impact of alterations in gut microbiota in NASH; (b) evaluate the potential role of such alterations as biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis of this disorder; and (c) discuss the involvement of microbiota in the current treatment for NAFLD/NASH (i.e., bariatric surgery, physical exercise and lifestyle, diet, probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile;
| | - Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sport (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile; (F.R.-R.); (J.O.-A.)
| | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile; (F.R.-R.); (J.O.-A.)
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 8370035, Chile
| | - Ana I. Álvarez-Mercado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
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26
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Olga L, van Diepen J, Bobeldijk-Pastorova I, Gross G, Prentice P, Snowden S, Furse S, Kooistra T, Hughes I, Schoemaker M, van Tol E, van Duyvenvoorde W, Wielinga P, Ong K, Dunger D, Kleemann R, Koulman A. Lipid ratios representing SCD1, FADS1, and FADS2 activities as candidate biomarkers of early growth and adiposity. EBioMedicine 2021; 63:103198. [PMID: 33421943 PMCID: PMC7806876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered lipid metabolism in early life has been associated with subsequent weight gain and predicting this could aid in obesity prevention and risk management. Here, a lipidomic approach was used to identify circulating markers for future obesity risk in translational murine models and validate in a human infant cohort. METHODS Lipidomics was performed on the plasma of APOE*3 Leiden, Ldlr-/-.Leiden, and the wild-type C57BL/6J mice to capture candidate biomarkers predicting subsequent obesity parameters after exposure to high-fat diet. The identified candidate biomarkers were mapped onto corresponding lipid metabolism pathways and were investigated in the Cambridge Baby Growth Study. Infants' growth and adiposity were measured at 0-24 months. Capillary dried blood spots were sampled at 3 months for lipid profiling analysis. FINDINGS From the mouse models, cholesteryl esters were correlated with subsequent weight gain and other obesity parameters after HFD period (Spearman's r≥0.5, FDR p values <0.05) among APOE*3 Leiden and Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice, but not among the wild-type C57BL/6J. Pathway analysis showed that those identified cholesteryl esters were educts or products of desaturases activities: stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) and fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 1 and 2. In the human cohort, lipid ratios affected by SCD1 at 3 months was inversely associated with 3-12 months weight gain (B±SE=-0.31±0.14, p=0.027), but positively with 12-24 months weight and adiposity gains (0.17±0.07, p=0.02 and 0.17±0.07, 0.53±0.26, p=0.04, respectively). Lipid ratios affected by SCD1 and FADS2 were inversely associated with adiposity gain but positively with height gain between 3-12 months. INTERPRETATION From murine models to human setting, the ratios of circulating lipid species indicating key desaturase activities in lipid metabolism were associated with subsequent body size increase, providing a potential tool to predict early life weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Olga
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J.A. van Diepen
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - I. Bobeldijk-Pastorova
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G. Gross
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - P.M. Prentice
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S.G. Snowden
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - S. Furse
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - T. Kooistra
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - I.A. Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M.H. Schoemaker
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - E.A.F. van Tol
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W. van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P.Y. Wielinga
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K.K. Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories’ or (IMS-MRL), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D.B. Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories’ or (IMS-MRL), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R. Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK,MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories’ or (IMS-MRL), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Corresponding author: Dr Albert Koulman, Scientific Director of the NIHR BRC Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge CB2 0QQ United Kingdom. Telephone: +44 (0)1223 336792+44 (0)1223 336792+44 (0)1223 336792
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Zhang Y, Kong Y, Ma Y, Ni S, Wikerholmen T, Xi K, Zhao F, Zhao Z, Wang J, Huang B, Chen A, Yao Z, Han M, Feng Z, Hu Y, Thorsen F, Wang J, Li X. Loss of COPZ1 induces NCOA4 mediated autophagy and ferroptosis in glioblastoma cell lines. Oncogene 2021; 40:1425-1439. [PMID: 33420375 PMCID: PMC7906905 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated iron metabolism is a hallmark of many cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). However, its role in tumor progression remains unclear. Herein, we identified coatomer protein complex subunit zeta 1 (COPZ1) as a therapeutic target candidate which significantly dysregulated iron metabolism in GBM cells. Overexpression of COPZ1 was associated with increasing tumor grade and poor prognosis in glioma patients based on analysis of expression data from the publicly available database The Cancer Genome Atlas (P < 0.001). Protein levels of COPZ1 were significantly increased in GBM compared to non-neoplastic brain tissue samples in immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. SiRNA knockdown of COPZ1 suppressed proliferation of U87MG, U251 and P3#GBM in vitro. Stable expression of a COPZ1 shRNA construct in U87MG inhibited tumor growth in vivo by ~60% relative to controls at day 21 after implantation (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis of the survival data demonstrated that the overall survival of tumor bearing animals increased from 20.8 days (control) to 27.8 days (knockdown, P < 0.05). COPZ1 knockdown also led to the increase in nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), resulting in the degradation of ferritin, and a subsequent increase in the intracellular levels of ferrous iron and ultimately ferroptosis. These data demonstrate that COPZ1 is a critical mediator in iron metabolism. The COPZ1/NCOA4/FTH1 axis is therefore a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of human GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Yang Kong
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Yuan Ma
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China
| | - Shilei Ni
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China
| | - Tobias Wikerholmen
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kaiyan Xi
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China
| | - Feihu Zhao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China
| | - Junpeng Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China
| | - Anjing Chen
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China
| | - Zhong Yao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China
| | - Mingzhi Han
- grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Zichao Feng
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China
| | - Yaotian Hu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China
| | - Frits Thorsen
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jian Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,grid.7914.b0000 0004 1936 7443Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Xingang Li
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China ,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012 P.R. China
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Mueller AM, Kleemann R, Gart E, van Duyvenvoorde W, Verschuren L, Caspers M, Menke A, Krömmelbein N, Salic K, Burmeister Y, Seilheimer B, Morrison MC. Cholesterol Accumulation as a Driver of Hepatic Inflammation Under Translational Dietary Conditions Can Be Attenuated by a Multicomponent Medicine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:601160. [PMID: 33815271 PMCID: PMC8014004 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.601160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex multifactorial disorder that is characterised by dysfunctional lipid metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis, and a related chronic inflammatory response. NAFLD has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in many countries, and its prevalence continues to rise in parallel with increasing rates of obesity. Here, we evaluated the putative NAFLD-attenuating effects of a multicomponent medicine consisting of 24 natural ingredients: Hepar compositum (HC-24). METHODS Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with a macronutrient composition and cholesterol content comparable to human diets for 24 weeks to induce obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction, including hepatic steatosis and inflammation. HC-24 or vehicle control was administered intraperitoneally 3 times/week (1.5 ml/kg) for the last 18 weeks of the study. Histological analyses of liver and adipose tissue were combined with extensive hepatic transcriptomics analysis. Transcriptomics results were further substantiated with ELISA, immunohistochemical and liver lipid analyses. RESULTS HFD feeding induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction including adipose tissue inflammation and increased gut permeability. In the liver, HFD-feeding resulted in a disturbance of cholesterol homeostasis and an associated inflammatory response. HC-24 did not affect body weight, metabolic risk factors, adipose tissue inflammation or gut permeability. While HC-24 did not alter total liver steatosis, there was a pronounced reduction in lobular inflammation in HC-24-treated animals, which was associated with modulation of genes and proteins involved in inflammation (e.g., neutrophil chemokine Cxcl1) and cholesterol homeostasis (i.e., predicted effect on 'cholesterol' as an upstream regulator, based on gene expression changes associated with cholesterol handling). These effects were confirmed by CXCL1 ELISA, immunohistochemical staining of neutrophils and biochemical analysis of hepatic free cholesterol content. Intrahepatic free cholesterol levels were found to correlate significantly with the number of inflammatory aggregates in the liver, thereby providing a potential rationale for the observed anti-inflammatory effects of HC-24. CONCLUSIONS Free cholesterol accumulates in the liver of Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice under physiologically translational dietary conditions, and this is associated with the development of hepatic inflammation. The multicomponent medicine HC-24 reduces accumulation of free cholesterol and has molecular and cellular anti-inflammatory effects in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wim van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martien Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Aswin Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Kanita Salic
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Bernd Seilheimer
- Systems Research and Development, Heel GmbH, Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Martine C. Morrison,
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29
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Micó-Carnero M, Rojano-Alfonso C, Álvarez-Mercado AI, Gracia-Sancho J, Casillas-Ramírez A, Peralta C. Effects of Gut Metabolites and Microbiota in Healthy and Marginal Livers Submitted to Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E44. [PMID: 33375200 PMCID: PMC7793124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota is defined as the collection of microorganisms within the gastrointestinal ecosystem. These microbes are strongly implicated in the stimulation of immune responses. An unbalanced microbiota, termed dysbiosis, is related to the development of several liver diseases. The bidirectional relationship between the gut, its microbiota and the liver is referred to as the gut-liver axis. The translocation of bacterial products from the intestine to the liver induces inflammation in different cell types such as Kupffer cells, and a fibrotic response in hepatic stellate cells, resulting in deleterious effects on hepatocytes. Moreover, ischemia-reperfusion injury, a consequence of liver surgery, alters the microbiota profile, affecting inflammation, the immune response and even liver regeneration. Microbiota also seems to play an important role in post-operative outcomes (i.e., liver transplantation or liver resection). Nonetheless, studies to determine changes in the gut microbial populations produced during and after surgery, and affecting liver function and regeneration are scarce. In the present review we analyze and discuss the preclinical and clinical studies reported in the literature focused on the evaluation of alterations in microbiota and its products as well as their effects on post-operative outcomes in hepatic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Micó-Carnero
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Carlos Rojano-Alfonso
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Escuela de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Institut of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory IDIBAPS, 03036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araní Casillas-Ramírez
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad Victoria “Bicentenario 2010”, Ciudad Victoria 87087, Mexico;
- Facultad de Medicina e Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros 87300, Mexico
| | - Carmen Peralta
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (C.R.-A.)
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30
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Tang B, Zhu J, Li J, Fan K, Gao Y, Cheng S, Kong C, Zheng L, Wu F, Weng Q, Lu C, Ji J. The ferroptosis and iron-metabolism signature robustly predicts clinical diagnosis, prognosis and immune microenvironment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:174. [PMID: 33115468 PMCID: PMC7592541 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we comprehensively analyzed genes related to ferroptosis and iron metabolism to construct diagnostic and prognostic models and explore the relationship with the immune microenvironment in HCC. METHODS Integrated analysis, cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method of 104 ferroptosis- and iron metabolism-related genes and HCC-related RNA sequencing were performed to identify HCC-related ferroptosis and iron metabolism genes. RESULTS Four genes (ABCB6, FLVCR1, SLC48A1 and SLC7A11) were identified to construct prognostic and diagnostic models. Poorer overall survival (OS) was exhibited in the high-risk group than that in the low-risk group in both the training cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 0.27) and test cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 0.27). The diagnostic models successfully distinguished HCC from normal samples and proliferative nodule samples. Compared with low-risk groups, high-risk groups had higher TMB; higher fractions of macrophages, follicular helper T cells, memory B cells, and neutrophils; and exhibited higher expression of CD83, B7H3, OX40 and CD134L. As an inducer of ferroptosis, erastin inhibited HCC cell proliferation and progression, and it was showed to affect Th17 cell differentiation and IL-17 signaling pathway through bioinformatics analysis, indicating it a potential agent of cancer immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The prognostic and diagnostic models based on the four genes indicated superior diagnostic and predictive performance, indicating new possibilities for individualized treatment of HCC patients. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bufu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000 China
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jinyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000 China
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000 China
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Kai Fan
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000 China
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000 China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000 China
| | - Shimiao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000 China
| | - Chunli Kong
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000 China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000 China
| | - Liyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000 China
| | - Fazong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000 China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000 China
| | - Qiaoyou Weng
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000 China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000 China
| | - Chenying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000 China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000 China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000 China
- Department of Radiology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000 China
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Houttu V, Boulund U, Grefhorst A, Soeters MR, Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Nieuwdorp M, Holleboom AG. The role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820941745. [PMID: 32973925 PMCID: PMC7495942 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820941745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the human gut microbiome has been found to influence a multitude of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, with its components type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It is recognized to be mainly influenced by environmental factors, such as lifestyle, but also genetics may play a role. The interaction of gut microbiota and obesity has been widely studied, but in regard to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a manifestation of obesity and insulin resistance, the causal role of the gut microbiome has not been fully established. The mechanisms by which the gut microbiome influences lipid accumulation, inflammatory responses, and occurrence of fibrosis in the liver are a topic of active research. In addition, the influence of exercise on gut microbiome composition is also being investigated. In clinical trials, exercise reduced hepatic steatosis independently of weight reduction. Other studies indicate that exercise may modulate the gut microbiome. This puts forward the question whether exercise could mediate its beneficial effects on NAFLD via changes in gut microbiome. Yet, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Thus, associative evidence from clinical trials, as well as mechanistic studies in vivo are called for to elucidate the relationship between exercise and the gut microbiome in NAFLD. Here, we review the current literature on exercise and the gut microbiome in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Houttu
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrika Boulund
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Grefhorst
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten R. Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan G. Holleboom
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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A Translational Mouse Model for NASH with Advanced Fibrosis and Atherosclerosis Expressing Key Pathways of Human Pathology. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092014. [PMID: 32883049 PMCID: PMC7565967 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a fast-growing liver disorder that is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Animal models adequately mimicking this condition are scarce. We herein investigate whether Ldlr−/−. Leiden mice on different high-fat diets represent a suitable NASH model. Ldlr−/−. Leiden mice were fed a healthy chow diet or fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing lard or a fast food diet (FFD) containing milk fat. Additionally, the response to treatment with obeticholic acid (OCA) was evaluated. Both high-fat diets induced obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Mice on both diets developed progressive macro- and microvesicular steatosis, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis, along with atherosclerosis. HFD induced more severe hyperinsulinemia, while FFD induced more severe hepatic inflammation with advanced (F3) bridging fibrosis, as well as more severe atherosclerosis. OCA treatment significantly reduced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and it did not affect atherosclerosis. Hepatic transcriptome analysis was compared with human NASH and illustrated similarity. The present study defines a translational model of NASH with progressive liver fibrosis and simultaneous atherosclerosis development. By adaptation of the fat content of the diet, either insulin resistance (HFD) or hepatic inflammation and fibrosis (FFD) can be aggravated.
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33
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Ojeda JJ, Merroun ML, Tugarova AV, Lampis S, Kamnev AA, Gardiner PHE. Developments in the study and applications of bacterial transformations of selenium species. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1250-1264. [PMID: 32854560 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1811199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microbial bio-transformations of the essential trace element selenium are now recognized to occur among a wide variety of microorganisms. These transformations are used to convert this element into its assimilated form of selenocysteine, which is at the active center of a number of key enzymes, and to produce selenium nanoparticles, quantum dots, metal selenides, and methylated selenium species that are indispensable for biotechnological and bioremediation applications. The focus of this review is to present the state-of-the-art of all aspects of the investigations into the bacterial transformations of selenium species, and to consider the characterization and biotechnological uses of these transformations and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus J Ojeda
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Systems and Process Engineering Centre, Swansea, UK
| | | | - Anna V Tugarova
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
| | - Silvia Lampis
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alexander A Kamnev
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
| | - Philip H E Gardiner
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Steatosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by high-fat diet are reversed by 1-week chow diet administration. Nutr Res 2019; 71:72-88. [PMID: 31757631 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have recently shown that diet and its impact on gut microbiota are closely related to obesity and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut microbiota may be an important intermediate link, causing gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases under the influence of changes in diet and genetic predisposition. The aim of this study was to assess the reversibility of liver phenotype in parallel with exploring the resilience of the mice gut microbiota by switching high-fat diet (HFD) to chow diet (CD). Mice were fed an HF for 8 weeks. A part of the mice was euthanized, whereas the rest were then fed a CD. These mice were euthanized after 3 and 7 days of feeding with CD, respectively. Gut microbiota composition, serum parameters, and liver morphology were assessed. Eight weeks of HFD treatment induced marked liver steatosis in mice with a perturbed microbiome. Interestingly, only 7 days of CD was enough to recover the liver to a normal status, whereas the microbiome was accordingly reshaped to a close to initial pattern. The abundance of some of the bacteria including Prevotella, Parabacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Allobaculum was reversible upon diet change from HFD to CD. This suggests that microbiome modifications contribute to the metabolic effects of HFD feeding and that restoration of a normal microbiota may lead to improvement of the liver phenotype. In conclusion, we found that steatosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by 8 weeks of high-fat diet can be reversed by 1 week of chow diet administration, and we identified gut bacteria associated with the metabolic phenotype.
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Yang Y, Yang F, Huang M, Wu H, Yang C, Zhang X, Yang L, Chen G, Li S, Wang Q, Liu S, Liu Y, Lei Y, Lei Z, Guo J. Fatty liver and alteration of the gut microbiome induced by diallyl disulfide. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1908-1920. [PMID: 31573042 PMCID: PMC6777666 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is one of the primary components of garlic and it exhibits a broad range of biological activities. In the present study, the effects of DADS on lipid metabolism and its potential role in the modulation of the gut microbiome were determined. Hematoxylin and eosin and oil-red O staining were used to assess the liver and intestinal tissues of mice treated with DADS. The expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The effects of DADS on the gut microbiome were measured using 16S recombinant (r)DNA gene analysis. The results revealed that the serum non-esterified free fatty acids, high density lipopro-tein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, serum total cholesterol, liver triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of the mice fed with a low-dose of DADS was significantly higher when compared with the control. Hematoxylin and eosin and oil-red O staining demonstrated that DADS induced fatty liver in mice. The results of the RT-qPCR revealed that the expression levels of a number of lipid metabolism-associated genes were altered in the livers of mice treated with DADS. The 16S rDNA gene analysis demonstrated that the mice fed on a normal diet treated with a low-dose of DADS had decreased levels of bacteria from the Bacteroidetes phyla and increased levels of bacteria from the Firmicutes phyla. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed the top 20 pathways enriched in the low-dose DADS group of mice fed with a normal diet. In the present study, low-dose DADS induced fatty liver and altered the gut micro-biota, similar to the phenotype induced by a high fat diet, by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Miaoling Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Changyuan Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Lanxiang Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guibin Chen
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shuqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qianyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zili Lei
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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Sex-Specific Differences in Fat Storage, Development of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Brain Structure in Juvenile HFD-Induced Obese Ldlr-/-.Leiden Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081861. [PMID: 31405127 PMCID: PMC6723313 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-specific differences play a role in metabolism, fat storage in adipose tissue, and brain structure. At juvenile age, brain function is susceptible to the effects of obesity; little is known about sex-specific differences in juvenile obesity. Therefore, this study examined sex-specific differences in adipose tissue and liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, and putative alterations between male and female mice in brain structure in relation to behavioral changes during the development of juvenile obesity. METHODS In six-week-old male and female Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice (n = 48), the impact of 18 weeks of HFD-feeding was examined. Fat distribution, liver pathology and brain structure and function were analyzed imunohisto- and biochemically, in cognitive tasks and with MRI. RESULTS HFD-fed female mice were characterized by an increased perigonadal fat mass, pronounced macrovesicular hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation. Male mice on HFD displayed an increased mesenteric fat mass, pronounced adipose tissue inflammation and microvesicular hepatic steatosis. Only male HFD-fed mice showed decreased cerebral blood flow and reduced white matter integrity. CONCLUSIONS At young age, male mice are more susceptible to the detrimental effects of HFD than female mice. This study emphasizes the importance of sex-specific differences in obesity, liver pathology, and brain function.
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Picó C, Serra F, Rodríguez AM, Keijer J, Palou A. Biomarkers of Nutrition and Health: New Tools for New Approaches. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1092. [PMID: 31100942 PMCID: PMC6567133 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A main challenge in nutritional studies is the valid and reliable assessment of food intake, as well as its effects on the body. Generally, food intake measurement is based on self-reported dietary intake questionnaires, which have inherent limitations. They can be overcome by the use of biomarkers, capable of objectively assessing food consumption without the bias of self-reported dietary assessment. Another major goal is to determine the biological effects of foods and their impact on health. Systems analysis of dynamic responses may help to identify biomarkers indicative of intake and effects on the body at the same time, possibly in relation to individuals' health/disease states. Such biomarkers could be used to quantify intake and validate intake questionnaires, analyse physiological or pathological responses to certain food components or diets, identify persons with specific dietary deficiency, provide information on inter-individual variations or help to formulate personalized dietary recommendations to achieve optimal health for particular phenotypes, currently referred as "precision nutrition." In this regard, holistic approaches using global analysis methods (omics approaches), capable of gathering high amounts of data, appear to be very useful to identify new biomarkers and to enhance our understanding of the role of food in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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