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Zhao T, Liang Y, Zhen X, Wang H, Song L, Xing D, Li H. Analysis of Serum Exosome Metabolites Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Metabolites 2024; 14:462. [PMID: 39195558 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14080462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the clinical cure rate for primary liver cancer remains low. Effective screening and early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain clinical challenges. Exosomes are intimately associated with tumor development and their contents have the potential to serve as highly sensitive tumor-specific markers. A comprehensive untargeted metabolomics study was conducted using exosome samples extracted from the serum of 48 subjects (36 HCC patients and 12 healthy controls) via a commercial kit. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) strategy was used to identify the metabolic compounds. A total of 18 differential metabolites were identified using the non-targeted metabolomics approach of UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Pathway analysis revealed significant alterations in the arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism pathways. ROC analysis indicated that three metabolites with AUC values exceeding 0.900 were selected as potential biomarkers: caprylic acid and linoleic acid were upregulated in the HCC group, whereas pentadecanoic acid was downregulated. Linoleic acid, caprylic acid, and pentadecanoic acid are potential biomarkers for diagnosing HCC. The significant alterations in these three metabolic pathways offer new insights into the mechanisms underlying HCC formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
- Hebei Institute of Drug and Medical Device Inspection, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhen
- Hebei Institute of Drug and Medical Device Inspection, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Hong Wang
- McCombs Institute for the Early Detection and Treatment of Cancer, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Song
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Didi Xing
- Hebei Institute of Drug and Medical Device Inspection, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
- Hebei Institute of Drug and Medical Device Inspection, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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2
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Suska K, Piotrowski M, Fichna J. Lipid biomarkers in colorectal cancer, with particular emphasis on exosomes - current status and future inferences. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 18:441-456. [PMID: 39192805 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2024.2393180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most deadly cancers on a global scale. Diagnosis of CRC is challenging and it is often detected at a late stage. Identification of relevant biomarkers could lead to the development of effective diagnostic methods for CRC. AREAS COVERED We reviewed the literature on lipid (including exosomal) biomarkers that have the potential to become common, minimally invasive and effective diagnostic tools for CRC. We showed that differences in lipid levels (single compounds and entire panels) make it possible to classify patients into diseased or healthy groups, determine the stage of CRC, as well as accompanying inflammation and immune reactions associated with tumorigenesis. We also discussed exosomes which are important components of the tumor microenvironment that influence tumor progression and for which only a small number of studies were conducted so far in this area. EXPERT OPINION A rapid development in the field of lipid-based biomarkers, including exosomal lipid biomarkers, is expected as growing evidence shows their potential application and good accuracy. However, one of the major issues that needs to be addressed within this topic is to translate findings into a noninvasive and versatile diagnostic test robustly validated in clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Suska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Piotrowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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3
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Chen Q, Yang Z, Liu H, Man J, Oladejo AO, Ibrahim S, Wang S, Hao B. Novel Drug Delivery Systems: An Important Direction for Drug Innovation Research and Development. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:674. [PMID: 38794336 PMCID: PMC11124876 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating demand for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced adverse effects in the pharmaceutical domain has catalyzed a new frontier of innovation and research in the field of pharmacy: novel drug delivery systems. These systems are designed to address the limitations of conventional drug administration, such as abbreviated half-life, inadequate targeting, low solubility, and bioavailability. As the disciplines of pharmacy, materials science, and biomedicine continue to advance and converge, the development of efficient and safe drug delivery systems, including biopharmaceutical formulations, has garnered significant attention both domestically and internationally. This article presents an overview of the latest advancements in drug delivery systems, categorized into four primary areas: carrier-based and coupling-based targeted drug delivery systems, intelligent drug delivery systems, and drug delivery devices, based on their main objectives and methodologies. Additionally, it critically analyzes the technological bottlenecks, current research challenges, and future trends in the application of novel drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.C.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (A.O.O.); (S.I.)
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.C.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (A.O.O.); (S.I.)
| | - Haoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.C.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (A.O.O.); (S.I.)
| | - Jingyuan Man
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.C.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (A.O.O.); (S.I.)
| | - Ayodele Olaolu Oladejo
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.C.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (A.O.O.); (S.I.)
- Department of Animal Health Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora 201003, Nigeria
| | - Sally Ibrahim
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.C.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (A.O.O.); (S.I.)
- Department of Animal Reproduction and AI, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Egypt
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.C.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (A.O.O.); (S.I.)
| | - Baocheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Q.C.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.); (J.M.); (A.O.O.); (S.I.)
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4
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Shojaeian A, Naeimi Torshizi SR, Parsapasand MS, Amjad ZS, Khezrian A, Alibakhshi A, Yun F, Baghaei K, Amini R, Pecic S. Harnessing exosomes in theranostic applications: advancements and insights in gastrointestinal cancer research. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:162. [PMID: 38743146 PMCID: PMC11093943 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm) that are formed by endocytosis containing complex RNA as well as protein structures and are vital in intercellular communication and can be used in gene therapy and drug delivery. According to the cell sources of origin and the environmental conditions they are exposed to, these nanovesicles are very heterogeneous and dynamic in terms of content (cargo), size and membrane composition. Exosomes are released under physiological and pathological conditions and influence the pathogenesis of cancers through various mechanisms, including angiogenesis, metastasis, immune dysregulation, drug resistance, and tumor growth/development. Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer in humans and can involve organs e.g., the esophagus and stomach, or others such as the liver, pancreas, small intestine, and colon. Early diagnosis is very important in this field because the overall survival of patients is low due to diagnosis in late stages and recurrence. Also, various therapeutic strategies have failed and there is an unmet need for the new therapeutic agents. Exosomes can become promising candidates in gastrointestinal cancers as biomarkers and therapeutic agents due to their lower immunity and passing the main physiological barriers. In this work, we provide a general overview of exosomes, their biogenesis and biological functions. In addition, we discuss the potential of exosomes to serve as biomarkers, agents in cancer treatment, drug delivery systems, and effective vaccines in immunotherapy, with an emphasis on gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shojaeian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - S R Naeimi Torshizi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sadat Parsapasand
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Sobhi Amjad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Khezrian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abbas Alibakhshi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Faye Yun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, USA
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, USA.
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Arrè V, Mastrogiacomo R, Balestra F, Serino G, Viti F, Rizzi F, Curri ML, Giannelli G, Depalo N, Scavo MP. Unveiling the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Nanotools for Gastrointestinal Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:567. [PMID: 38675228 PMCID: PMC11055174 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), acting as inherent nanocarriers adept at transporting a range of different biological molecules such as proteins, lipids, and genetic material, exhibit diverse functions within the gastroenteric tract. In states of normal health, they participate in the upkeep of systemic and organ homeostasis. Conversely, in pathological conditions, they significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases (GIDs). Isolating EVs from patients' biofluids facilitates the discovery of new biomarkers that have the potential to offer a rapid, cost-effective, and non-invasive method for diagnosing and prognosing specific GIDs. Furthermore, EVs demonstrate considerable therapeutic potential as naturally targeted physiological carriers for the intercellular delivery of therapeutic cargo molecules or as nanoscale tools engineered specifically to regulate physio-pathological conditions or disease progression. Their attributes including safety, high permeability, stability, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and homing/tropism capabilities contribute to their promising clinical therapeutic applications. This review will delve into various examples of EVs serving as biomarkers or nanocarriers for therapeutic cargo in the context of GIDs, highlighting their clinical potential for both functional and structural gastrointestinal conditions. The versatile and advantageous properties of EVs position them as promising candidates for innovative therapeutic strategies in advancing personalized medicine approaches tailored to the gastroenteric tract, addressing both functional and structural GIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Arrè
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS de Bellis, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.A.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Rita Mastrogiacomo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.M.); (M.L.C.)
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Bari Research Unit, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Balestra
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS de Bellis, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.A.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Grazia Serino
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS de Bellis, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.A.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Federica Viti
- Institute of Biophysics—National Research Council (IBF-CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy;
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Bari Research Unit, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.M.); (M.L.C.)
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Bari Research Unit, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS de Bellis, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.A.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (G.G.)
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Bari Research Unit, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Principia Scavo
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS de Bellis, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (V.A.); (F.B.); (G.S.); (G.G.)
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Jóźwicka TM, Erdmańska PM, Stachowicz-Karpińska A, Olkiewicz M, Jóźwicki W. Exosomes-Promising Carriers for Regulatory Therapy in Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:923. [PMID: 38473285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, together with apoptotic bodies form a diverse group of nanoparticles that play a crucial role in intercellular communication, participate in numerous physiological and pathological processes. In the context of cancer, they can allow the transfer of bioactive molecules and genetic material between cancer cells and the surrounding stromal cells, thus promoting such processes as angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion. In this article, we review recent advances in understanding how EVs, especially exosomes, influence tumor progression and modulation of the microenvironment. The key mechanisms include exosomes inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, polarizing macrophages toward protumoral phenotypes, and suppressing antitumor immunity. The therapeutic potential of engineered exosomes is highlighted, including their loading with drugs, RNA therapeutics, or tumor antigens to alter the tumor microenvironment. Current techniques for their isolation, characterization, and engineering are discussed. Ongoing challenges include improving exosome loading efficiency, optimizing biodistribution, and enhancing selective cell targeting. Overall, exosomes present promising opportunities to understand tumorigenesis and develop more targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies by exploiting the natural intercellular communication networks in tumors. In the context of oncology, regulatory therapy provides the possibility of reproducing the original conditions that are unfavorable for the existence of the cancer process and may thus be a feasible alternative to population treatments. We also review current access to the technology enabling regulatory intervention in the cancer process using exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Maria Jóźwicka
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Patrycja Maria Erdmańska
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stachowicz-Karpińska
- Department of Lung Diseases, Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Pulmonology Center, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olkiewicz
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Tecnologia Química, Marcel·lí Domingo 2, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Wojciech Jóźwicki
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Pulmonology Center, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Wang Z, Wang Q, Qin F, Chen J. Exosomes: a promising avenue for cancer diagnosis beyond treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1344705. [PMID: 38419843 PMCID: PMC10900531 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1344705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have garnered significant attention in recent years for their remarkable therapeutic potential. These nanoscale carriers can be harnessed for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, such as pharmaceuticals, proteins, and nucleic acids, across biological barriers. This versatile attribute of exosomes is a promising modality for precision medicine applications, notably in the realm of cancer therapy. However, despite their substantial therapeutic potential, exosomes still confront challenges tied to standardization and scalability that impede their practice in clinical applications. Moreover, heterogeneity in isolation methodologies and limited cargo loading mechanisms pose obstacles to ensuring consistent outcomes, thereby constraining their therapeutic utility. In contrast, exosomes exhibit a distinct advantage in cancer diagnosis, as they harbor specific signatures reflective of the tumor's genetic and proteomic profile. This characteristic endows them with the potential to serve as valuable liquid biopsies for non-invasive and real-time monitoring, making possible early cancer detection for the development of personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we provide an extensive evaluation of the advancements in exosome research, critically examining their advantages and limitations in the context of cancer therapy and early diagnosis. Furthermore, we present a curated overview of the most recent technological innovations utilizing exosomes, with a focus on enhancing the efficacy of early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Scavo MP, Lisco G, Depalo N, Rizzi F, Volpe S, Arrè V, Carrieri L, Notarnicola M, De Nunzio V, Curri ML, De Pergola G, Piazzolla G, Giannelli G. Semaglutide Modulates Extracellular Matrix Production of LX-2 Cells via Exosomes and Improves Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1493. [PMID: 38338770 PMCID: PMC10855465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely related to some metabolic disorders, such as central obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), such as semaglutide, may have therapeutic roles in MASLD associated with T2D. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of semaglutide on MASLD in terms of progression from liver steatosis to fibrosis. We characterized exosomes from ten patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) before (T0) and after 12 months (T12) of treatment with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide. Six of ten patients were considered responders to therapy (R) based on MASLD severity downgrading by at least one class according to a validated ultrasonographic (US) score. Normal hepatocytes (HEPA-RG) and stellate (LX-2) cells were challenged with exosomes from R and NR patients, isolated before and after 12 months of therapy. Exosomes from both R and NR patients isolated at T0 significantly affected LX-2 viability. After 12 months of treatment, only those isolated from R patients restored cell viability, whereas those from NR patients did not. No effects were observed on HEPA-RG cells. Exosomes at T12 from R but not from NR patients significantly decreased the production of α-SMA, a marker of LX-2 activation, a liver stellate cell model, and ph-SMAD2 and CTGF, involved in fibrosis processes. TGF-β1 was not modulated by the exosomes of R and NR patients. As a downstream effect, Vimentin, Collagen 1A1, and Fibronectin extracellular matrix components were also downregulated, as measured by droplets digital PCR. In conclusion, these results shed light on the potential effectiveness of semaglutide in improving liver fibrosis in MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Principia Scavo
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS DeBellis, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy; (V.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Lisco
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, BA, Italy; (G.L.); (S.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, BA, Italy; (N.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, BA, Italy; (N.D.); (F.R.)
| | - Sara Volpe
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, BA, Italy; (G.L.); (S.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Valentina Arrè
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS DeBellis, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy; (V.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Livianna Carrieri
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS DeBellis, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy; (V.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy; (M.N.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Valentina De Nunzio
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy; (M.N.); (V.D.N.)
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, BA, Italy;
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina Piazzolla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, BA, Italy; (G.L.); (S.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “De Bellis,” Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, BA, Italy;
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Lucchetti D, Colella F, Artemi G, Haque S, Sgambato A, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S. Smart nano-sized extracellular vesicles for cancer therapy: Potential theranostic applications in gastrointestinal tumors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 191:104121. [PMID: 37690633 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained tremendous interest in the search for next-generation therapeutics for the treatment of a range of pathologies, including cancer, especially due to their small size, biomolecular cargo, ability to mediate intercellular communication, high physicochemical stability, low immunogenicity and biocompatibility. The theranostic potential of EVs have been enhanced by adopting several strategies such as genetic or metabolic engineering, parental cell modification or direct functionalization to incorporate therapeutic compounds into these nanoplatforms. The smart nano-sized EVs indeed offer huge opportunities in the field of cancer, and current research is set at overcoming the existing pitfalls. Smart EVs are already being applied in the clinics despite the challenges faced. We provide, herein, an update on the technologies employed for EV functionalization in order to achieve optimal tumor cell targeting and EV tracking in vivo with bio-imaging modalities, as well as the preclinical and clinical studies making use of these modified EVs, in the context of gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Lucchetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Filomena Colella
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Artemi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102 2801, Lebanon; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 13306, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Gastroenterology Unit, Città della salute e della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
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10
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Ranjan P, Colin K, Dutta RK, Verma SK. Challenges and future scope of exosomes in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. J Physiol 2023; 601:4873-4893. [PMID: 36398654 PMCID: PMC10192497 DOI: 10.1113/jp282053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized vesicles that carry biologically diverse molecules for intercellular communication. Researchers have been trying to engineer exosomes for therapeutic purposes by using different approaches to deliver biologically active molecules to the various target cells efficiently. Recent technological advances may allow the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of exosomes to be modified to meet scientific needs with respect to specific diseases. However, it is essential to determine an exosome's optimal dosage and potential side effects before its clinical use. Significant breakthroughs have been made in recent decades concerning exosome labelling and imaging techniques. These tools provide in situ monitoring of exosome biodistribution and pharmacokinetics and pinpoint targetability. However, because exosomes are nanometres in size and vary significantly in contents, a deeper understanding is required to ensure accurate monitoring before they can be applied in clinical settings. Different research groups have established different approaches to elucidate the roles of exosomes and visualize their spatial properties. This review covers current and emerging strategies for in vivo and in vitro exosome imaging and tracking for potential studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL-35233
| | - Karen Colin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL-35233
- UAB School of Health Professions, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Roshan Kumar Dutta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL-35233
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL-35233
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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11
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Morini M, Raggi F, Bartolucci M, Petretto A, Ardito M, Rossi C, Segalerba D, Garaventa A, Eva A, Cangelosi D, Bosco MC. Plasma-Derived Exosome Proteins as Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Neuroblastoma Patients. Cells 2023; 12:2516. [PMID: 37947594 PMCID: PMC10649754 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor during infancy, causing up to 10% of mortality in children; thus, identifying novel early and accurate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is mandatory. NB-derived exosomes carry proteins (Exo-prots) reflecting the status of the tumor cell of origin. The purpose of this study was to characterize, for the first time, the Exo-prots specifically expressed in NB patients associated with tumor phenotype and disease stage. We isolated exosomes from plasma specimens of 24 HR-NB patients and 24 low-risk (LR-NB) patients at diagnosis and of 24 age-matched healthy controls (CTRL). Exo-prot expression was measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD042422). The NB patients had a different Exo-prot expression profile compared to the CTRL. The deregulated Exo-prots in the NB specimens acted mainly in the tumor-associated pathways. The HR-NB patients showed a different Exo-prot expression profile compared to the LR-NB patients, with the modulation of proteins involved in cell migration, proliferation and metastasis. NCAM, NCL, LUM and VASP demonstrated a diagnostic value in discriminating the NB patients from the CTRL; meanwhile, MYH9, FN1, CALR, AKAP12 and LTBP1 were able to differentiate between the HR-NB and LR-NB patients with high accuracy. Therefore, Exo-prots contribute to NB tumor development and to the aggressive metastatic NB phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Morini
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (M.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Federica Raggi
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- Core Facilities, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Petretto
- Core Facilities, Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Martina Ardito
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (M.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (M.C.B.)
| | - Daniela Segalerba
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (M.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Alberto Garaventa
- Pediatric Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Clinical Bioinfomatics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (C.R.); (M.C.B.)
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12
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Xu X, Xiang Y, Yang Y, Liu K, Cui Z, Tong X, Chen J, Hou F, Luo Z. The application of tumor cell-derived vesicles in oncology therapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:364-374. [PMID: 36207510 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell-derived vesicles are released by tumor cells, have a phospholipid bilayer, and are widely distributed in various biological fluids. In recent years, it has been found that tumor cell-derived vesicles contain proteins, metabolites and nucleic acids and can be delivered to recipient cells to perform their physiological functions, such as mediating specific intercellular communication, activating or inhibiting signaling pathways, participating in regulating the modulation of tumor microenvironment and influencing tumor development, which can be used for early detection and diagnosis of cancer. In addition, tumor cell-derived vesicles exhibit multiple properties in tumor therapeutic applications and may serve as a new class of delivery systems. In this review, we elaborate on the application of tumor cell-derived vesicles in oncology therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Xu
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yin Xiang
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Liu
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaodong Tong
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Hou
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Luo
- The People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, Sichuan, China
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13
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MMP-9 as Prognostic Marker for Brain Tumours: A Comparative Study on Serum-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030712. [PMID: 36765669 PMCID: PMC9913777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) degrades the extracellular matrix, contributes to tumour cell invasion and metastasis, and its elevated level in brain tumour tissues indicates poor prognosis. High-risk tissue biopsy can be replaced by liquid biopsy; however, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents tumour-associated components from entering the peripheral blood, making the development of blood-based biomarkers challenging. Therefore, we examined the MMP-9 content of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)-which can cross the BBB and are stable in body fluids-to characterise tumours with different invasion capacity. From four patient groups (glioblastoma multiforme, brain metastases of lung cancer, meningioma, and lumbar disc herniation as controls), 222 serum-derived sEV samples were evaluated. After isolating and characterising sEVs, their MMP-9 content was measured by ELISA and assessed statistically (correlation, paired t-test, Welch's test, ANOVA, ROC). We found that the MMP-9 content of sEVs is independent of gender and age, but is affected by surgical intervention, treatment, and recurrence. We found a relation between low MMP-9 level in sEVs (<28 ppm) and improved survival (8-month advantage) of glioblastoma patients, and MMP-9 levels showed a positive correlation with aggressiveness. These findings suggest that vesicular MMP-9 level might be a useful prognostic marker for brain tumours.
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14
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De Nunzio V, Carrieri L, Scavo MP, Lippolis T, Cofano M, Caponio GR, Tutino V, Rizzi F, Depalo N, Osella AR, Notarnicola M. Plasma-Derived Exosomes from NAFLD Patients Modulate the Cannabinoid Receptors' Expression in Cultured HepaRG Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021739. [PMID: 36675254 PMCID: PMC9862025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes produced by hepatocytes upon lipotoxic insult play a relevant role in pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), suggesting an inflammatory response by the activation of monocytes and macrophages and accelerating the disease progression. In the pathogenesis of NAFLD and liver fibrosis, the endogenous cannabinoids and their major receptors CB1 and CB2 appear to be highly involved. This study aimed at evaluating the expression of cannabinoids receptors (CB1R and CB2R) in plasma-derived exosomes extracted from patients with NAFLD, as well as investigating the in vitro effects of the circulating exosomes in cultured human HepaRG cells following their introduction into the culture medium. The results demonstrated that plasma-derived exosomes from NAFLD patients are vehicles for the transport of CB1R and are able to modulate CB receptors' expression in HepaRG cells. In particular, circulating exosomes from NAFLD patients are inflammatory drivers for HepaRG cells, acting through CB1R activation and the downregulation of CB2R. Moreover, CB1R upregulation was associated with increased expression levels of PPAR-γ, a well-known mediator of liver tissue injury. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for CB1R transport by exosomes and suggests that the in vitro effects of circulating exosomes from NAFLD patients are mediated by the expression of cannabinoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina De Nunzio
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Livianna Carrieri
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria Principia Scavo
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Tamara Lippolis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Miriam Cofano
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Giusy Rita Caponio
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Valeria Tutino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF), Council National Research (CNR) Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF), Council National Research (CNR) Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto Ruben Osella
- Laboratory of Epidemiolgy and Biostatistics, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-4994342
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15
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Roshani M, Baniebrahimi G, Mousavi M, Zare N, Sadeghi R, Salarinia R, Sheida A, Molavizadeh D, Sadeghi S, Moammer F, Zolfaghari MR, Mirzaei H. Exosomal long non-coding RNAs: novel molecules in gastrointestinal cancers' progression and diagnosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1014949. [PMID: 36591473 PMCID: PMC9795196 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1014949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers arise in the GI tract and accessory organs, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. GI cancers are a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Exosomes act as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, with pleiotropic activity in the regulation of homeostasis, and can be markers for diseases. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), can be transported by exosomes derived from tumor cells or non-tumor cells. They can be taken by recipient cells to alter their function or remodel the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, due to their uniquely low immunogenicity and excellent stability, exosomes can be used as natural carriers for therapeutic ncRNAs in vivo. Exosomal lncRNAs have a crucial role in regulating several cancer processes, including angiogenesis, proliferation, drug resistance, metastasis, and immunomodulation. Exosomal lncRNA levels frequently alter according to the onset and progression of cancer. Exosomal lncRNAs can therefore be employed as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Exosomal lncRNAs can also monitor the patient's response to chemotherapy while also serving as potential targets for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss the role of exosomal lncRNAs in the biology and possible future treatment of GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Roshani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Baniebrahimi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Mousavi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Noushid Zare
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Salarinia
- Department of Advanced Technologies, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Danial Molavizadeh
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Moammer
- Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,*Correspondence: Farzaneh Moammer, ; Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
| | - Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari
- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran,*Correspondence: Farzaneh Moammer, ; Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran,*Correspondence: Farzaneh Moammer, ; Mohammad Reza Zolfaghari, ; Hamed Mirzaei, ;
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16
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Wan S, Song G, Hu H, Xu Y, Zeng P, Lin S, Yang J, Jiang J, Song X, Luo Y, Jin D. Intestine epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate inflammation induced by Clostridioides difficile TcdB through the activity of TGF-β1. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022; 19:1-11. [PMID: 35967466 PMCID: PMC9362614 DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has been primarily associated with the toxin B (TcdB), one of the three known protein toxins secreted by C. difficile, which can activate the intestinal immune system and lead to pathological damage. Even though the biological functions of intestine epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (I-Evs) have been well documented, the role of I-Evs in the process of CDI is still unknown. Objectives The protective effect of I-Evs against C. difficile TcdB was investigated both in cultured murine colon carcinoma MC38 cells and a mouse model used in this study. Results Mouse I-Evs with mean diameter ranging from 100 to 200 nm and a density of 1.09-1.17 g/mL were obtained and confirmed containing the Ev-associated specific surface markers CD63 and TSG101 as well as high level of TGF-β1. In MC38 cells, I-Evs were able to decrease the gene expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-22 induced by C. difficile TcdB, but to increase both the gene expression and protein levels of TGF-β1. I-Evs treatment via intraperitoneal administration alleviates C. difficile TcdB-induced local colon inflammation in mice and increased their survival rate from 50% up to 80%. Furthermore, I-Evs induced an increase in the proportion of CD4+Foxp3+Tregs in vitro and in vivo through a TGF-β1-dependent mechanism by activating the TGF-β1 pathway and prompting phosphorylation of the downstream proteins Smad 2/3. Conclusion For the first time, our study demonstrated that I-Evs originated from intestine epithelial cells can alleviate inflammation induced by C. difficile TcdB both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, I-Evs might be potentially a novel endogenous candidate for effective treatment of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wan
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310063 Zhejiang China
| | - Guangzhong Song
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310063 Zhejiang China
| | - Hui Hu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310063 Zhejiang China
| | - Yaqing Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310063 Zhejiang China
| | - Peng Zeng
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310063 Zhejiang China
| | - Shan Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310063 Zhejiang China
| | - Jun Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310063 Zhejiang China
| | - Jinqin Jiang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310063 Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaojun Song
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang China
| | - Yongneng Luo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310063 Zhejiang China
| | - Dazhi Jin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, No. 481 Binwen Rd., Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310063 Zhejiang China
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17
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Scavo MP, Depalo N, Rizzi F, Carrieri L, Serino G, Franco I, Bonfiglio C, Pesole PL, Cozzolongo R, Gianuzzi V, Curri ML, Osella AR, Giannelli G. Exosomal FZD-7 Expression Is Modulated by Different Lifestyle Interventions in Patients with NAFLD. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061133. [PMID: 35334792 PMCID: PMC8950750 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial condition characterized from hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic fat accumulation, in the absence of alcohol intake. NAFLD starts as steatosis (NAFL), and the continued injury relative to the toxic fat induces inflammation, steatohepatitis (NASH), and HCC. One of the factors determining liver degeneration during the evolution of NAFLD is a modification of Wnt/Frizzled (FZD) signaling. In particular, an inhibition of Wnt signaling and an overexpression of a specific FZD receptor protein, namely, the FZD7, have been observed in NAFLD. Actually, the prognosis and the follow-up of NAFLD is not easy, and the liver biopsy is the gold standard for an accurate detection of liver fibrosis. In this study, the modulation of the FZD7 expression levels in plasma-derived exosomes of NAFLD-affected patients, before and after specific lifestyle interventions, were experimentally evaluated by Western blotting analysis. The experimental data were analyzed by an accurate statistical study that indicated, in the exosomes derived from plasma of NAFLD patients with moderate or severe steatosis, an average expression level of FZD7 that was significantly higher than healthy subjects at baseline; conversely, the values were normalized after 90 days of specific lifestyle interventions. The overall results suggested that the FZD7 delivered by exosomes represents a good candidate as a new and effective biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Principia Scavo
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.P.S.); (N.D.); Tel.: +39-080-4994697 (M.P.S.)
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (M.L.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.S.); (N.D.); Tel.: +39-080-4994697 (M.P.S.)
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (M.L.C.)
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Livianna Carrieri
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Grazia Serino
- Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Isabella Franco
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (C.B.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Caterina Bonfiglio
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (C.B.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Pasqua Letizia Pesole
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Cozzolongo
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (R.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Vito Gianuzzi
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (R.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes, Italian National Research Council (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (M.L.C.)
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Alberto Ruben Osella
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (I.F.); (C.B.); (A.R.O.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
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18
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Haney MJ, Zhao Y, Fallon JK, Yue W, Li SM, Lentz EE, Erie D, Smith PC, Batrakova EV. Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery System for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Optimization of the Cell Source. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2100064. [PMID: 34927169 PMCID: PMC8680291 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a next generation drug delivery system that combines nanoparticle size with extraordinary ability to cross biological barriers, reduced immunogenicity, and low offsite toxicity profiles. A successful application of this natural way of delivering biological compounds requires deep understanding EVs intrinsic properties inherited from their parent cells. Herein, we evaluated EVs released by cells of different origin, with respect to drug delivery to the brain for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The morphology, size, and zeta potential of EVs secreted by primary macrophages (mEVs), neurons (nEVs), and astrocytes (aEVs) were examined by nanoparticle NTA, DLS, cryoTEM, and AFM. Spherical nanoparticles with average size 110-130 nm and zeta potential around -20 mV were identified for all EVs types. mEVs showed the highest levels of tetraspanins and integrins compared to nEVs and aEVs, suggesting superior adhesion and targeting to the inflamed tissues by mEVs. Strikingly, aEVs were preferentially taken up by neuronal cells in vitro, followed by mEVs and nEVs. Nevertheless, the brain accumulation levels of mEVs in a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease were significantly higher than those of nEVs or aEVs. Therefore, mEVs were suggested as the most promising nanocarrier system for drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Haney
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuling Zhao
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John K. Fallon
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wang Yue
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samuel M. Li
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily E. Lentz
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dorothy Erie
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip C. Smith
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elena V. Batrakova
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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19
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The Role of Exosomes and Their Applications in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212204. [PMID: 34830085 PMCID: PMC8622108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are very small extracellular vesicles secreted by multiple cell types and are extensively distributed in various biological fluids. Recent research indicated that exosomes can participate in regulating the tumor microenvironment and impacting tumor proliferation and progression. Due to the extensive enrollment in cancer development, exosomes have become a focus of the search for a new therapeutic method for cancer. Exosomes can be utilized for the therapeutic delivery of small molecules, proteins and RNAs to target cancer cells with a high efficiency. Exosome-carried proteins, lipids and nucleic acids are being tested as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, even as potential treatment targets for cancer. Moreover, different sources of exosomes exhibit multiple performances in cancer applications. In this review, we elaborate on the specific mechanism by which exosomes affect the communication between tumors and the microenvironment and state the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of exosomes in cancers.
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20
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Scavo MP, Rizzi F, Depalo N, Armentano R, Coletta S, Serino G, Fanizza E, Pesole PL, Cervellera A, Carella N, Curri ML, Giannelli G. Exosome Released FZD10 Increases Ki-67 Expression via Phospho-ERK1/2 in Colorectal and Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:730093. [PMID: 34671555 PMCID: PMC8522497 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.730093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Frizzled (FZD) proteins are primary receptors for Wnt signaling that activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Dysfunction of Wnt signals with consequently abnormal activation of MAPK3 pathways was found in colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC). Upregulation of FZD10 protein, localized in the exosomes isolated from plasma of CRC and GC patients, was associated with a poor prognosis. Herein, the expression levels of circulating FZD10 were found to be strongly correlated to their expression levels in the corresponding tissues in CRC and GC patients. Bioinformatic prediction revealed a link between FZD10 and Ki-67 through MAPK3. In both CRC and GC tissues, pERK1/2 levels were significantly increased at more advanced disease stages, and pERK1/2 and Ki-67 were correlated. Silencing of FZD10 in CRC and GC cells resulted in a significant reduction of pERK1/2 and Ki-67 expression, while subsequent treatment with exogenous exosomes partially restored their expression levels. The strong correlation between the expression of Ki-67 in tissues and of FZD10 in exosomes suggests that the exosome-delivered FZD10 may be a promising novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for CRC and GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Principia Scavo
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Rizzi
- University of Bari “A. Moro,” Chemistry Department, Bari, Italy
- Institute for Chemical–Physical Processes (IPCF)–National Research Council Secondary Site (CNR SS) Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Chemical–Physical Processes (IPCF)–National Research Council Secondary Site (CNR SS) Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaele Armentano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Coletta
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Serino
- Experimental Immunopathology Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- University of Bari “A. Moro,” Chemistry Department, Bari, Italy
- Institute for Chemical–Physical Processes (IPCF)–National Research Council Secondary Site (CNR SS) Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasqua Letizia Pesole
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S de Bellis” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cervellera
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S de Bellis” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Carella
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S de Bellis” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- University of Bari “A. Moro,” Chemistry Department, Bari, Italy
- Institute for Chemical–Physical Processes (IPCF)–National Research Council Secondary Site (CNR SS) Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
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21
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Li LS, Guo XY, Sun K. Recent advances in blood-based and artificial intelligence-enhanced approaches for gastrointestinal cancer diagnosis. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:5666-5681. [PMID: 34629793 PMCID: PMC8473600 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i34.5666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are among the most common cancer types and leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There is a tremendous clinical need for effective early diagnosis for better healthcare of GI cancer patients. In this article, we provide a short overview of the recent advances in GI cancer diagnosis. In the first part, we discuss the applications of blood-based biomarkers, such as plasma circulating cell-free DNA, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, and circulating cell-free RNA, for cancer liquid biopsies. In the second part, we review the current trends of artificial intelligence (AI) for pathology image and tissue biopsy analysis for GI cancer, as well as deep learning-based approaches for purity assessment of tissue biopsies. We further provide our opinions on the future directions in blood-based and AI-enhanced approaches for GI cancer diagnosis, and we think that these fields will have more intensive integrations with clinical needs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shi Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Guo
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, Guangdong Province, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong Province, China
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22
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Zarin B, Rafiee L, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Haghjooy Javanmard S. A review on the role of CAFs and CAF-derived exosomes in progression and metastasis of digestive system cancers. Tumour Biol 2021; 43:141-157. [PMID: 34420992 DOI: 10.3233/tub-200075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers evolve as a result of the accelerated proliferation of cancer cells in a complicated, enriched, and active microenvironment. Tumor microenvironment (TME) components are the master regulators of any step of cancer development. The tumor microenvironment is composed of many cellular and noncellular components that contribute to the evolution of cancer cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are activated fibroblasts in the TME that implicate in tumor progression and metastasis dissemination through secretion of oncogenic factors which are carried to the secondary metastatic sites through exosomes. In this review, we aimed to assess the role of CAF-derived exosomes in TME construction and pre-metastatic niche formation in different cancers of the digestive system in order to better understand some important mechanisms of metastasis and provide possible targets for clinical intervention. This review article is divided into two thematic parts explaining the general mechanisms of pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis and the role of CAF-derived exosomes in different digestive system cancers including colorectal, gastric, esophageal, pancreatic, and liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Zarin
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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23
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Mbugua SN, Njenga LW, Odhiambo RA, Wandiga SO, Onani MO. Beyond DNA-targeting in Cancer Chemotherapy. Emerging Frontiers - A Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:28-47. [PMID: 32814532 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200819160213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modern anti-cancer drugs target DNA specifically for rapid division of malignant cells. One downside of this approach is that they also target other rapidly dividing healthy cells, such as those involved in hair growth leading to serious toxic side effects and hair loss. Therefore, it would be better to develop novel agents that address cellular signaling mechanisms unique to cancerous cells, and new research is now focussing on such approaches. Although the classical chemotherapy area involving DNA as the set target continues to produce important findings, nevertheless, a distinctly discernible emerging trend is the divergence from the cisplatin operation model that uses the metal as the primary active center of the drug. Many successful anti-cancer drugs present are associated with elevated toxicity levels. Cancers also develop immunity against most therapies and the area of cancer research can, therefore, be seen as an area with a high unaddressed need. Hence, ongoing work into cancer pathogenesis is important to create accurate preclinical tests that can contribute to the development of innovative drugs to manage and treat cancer. Some of the emergent frontiers utilizing different approaches include nanoparticles delivery, use of quantum dots, metal complexes, tumor ablation, magnetic hypothermia and hyperthermia by use of Superparamagnetic Iron oxide Nanostructures, pathomics and radiomics, laser surgery and exosomes. This review summarizes these new approaches in good detail, giving critical views with necessary comparisons. It also delves into what they carry for the future, including their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Mbugua
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lydia W Njenga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth A Odhiambo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shem O Wandiga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Martin O Onani
- Organometallics and Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
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24
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Sun Z, Yang J, Li H, Wang C, Fletcher C, Li J, Zhan Y, Du L, Wang F, Jiang Y. Progress in the research of nanomaterial-based exosome bioanalysis and exosome-based nanomaterials tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 274:120873. [PMID: 33989972 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes and their internal components have been proven to play critical roles in cell-cell interactions and intrinsic cellular regulations, showing promising prospects in both biomedical and clinical fields. Although conventional methods have so far been utilized to great effect, accurate bioanalysis remains a major challenge. In recent years, the fast-paced development of nanomaterials with unique physiochemical properties has led to a boom in the potential bioapplications of such materials. In particular, the application of nanomaterials in exosome bioanalysis provides a great opportunity to overcome the current challenges and limitations of conventional methods. A timely review of the research progress in this field is thus of great significance to the continued development of new methods. This review outlines the properties and potential uses of exosomes, and discusses the conventional methods currently used for their analysis. We then focus on exploring the current state of the art regarding the use of nanomaterials for the isolation, detection and even the subsequent profiling of exosomes. The main methods are based on principles including fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, colorimetry, electrochemistry, and surface plasmon resonance. Additionally, research on exosome-based nanomaterials tumor therapy is also promising from a clinical perspective, so the research progress in this branch is also summarized. Finally, we look at ways in which the field might develop in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Cameron Fletcher
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China.
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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25
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Raman Spectral Signatures of Serum-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Enriched Isolates May Support the Diagnosis of CNS Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061407. [PMID: 33808766 PMCID: PMC8003579 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the molecular composition of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) for tumor diagnostic purposes is becoming increasingly popular, especially for diseases for which diagnosis is challenging, such as central nervous system (CNS) malignancies. Thorough examination of the molecular content of sEVs by Raman spectroscopy is a promising but hitherto barely explored approach for these tumor types. We attempt to reveal the potential role of serum-derived sEVs in diagnosing CNS tumors through Raman spectroscopic analyses using a relevant number of clinical samples. A total of 138 serum samples were obtained from four patient groups (glioblastoma multiforme, non-small-cell lung cancer brain metastasis, meningioma and lumbar disc herniation as control). After isolation, characterization and Raman spectroscopic assessment of sEVs, the Principal Component Analysis-Support Vector Machine (PCA-SVM) algorithm was performed on the Raman spectra for pairwise classifications. Classification accuracy (CA), sensitivity, specificity and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) value derived from Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to evaluate the performance of classification. The groups compared were distinguishable with 82.9-92.5% CA, 80-95% sensitivity and 80-90% specificity. AUC scores in the range of 0.82-0.9 suggest excellent and outstanding classification performance. Our results support that Raman spectroscopic analysis of sEV-enriched isolates from serum is a promising method that could be further developed in order to be applicable in the diagnosis of CNS tumors.
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26
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Koçana CÇ, Toprak SF, Sözer S. Extracellular genetic materials and their application in clinical practice. Cancer Genet 2020; 252-253:48-63. [PMID: 33387935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study reviews the possible origins, functional roles, and diagnostic applications of 'extracellular genetic material' (EGM), a novel term introduced to cover DNA, RNA, and DNA/RNA-related molecules released from all types of cells into the extracellular region. The literature on EGMs shows them to play a dual role in diverse, fine-tuning mechanisms involved in both homeostasis and pathological events, including cancerogenesis and genometastasis. Recent developments in the next-generation technology have provided successful applications of low quantities of genomic materials into the diagnostic field, yielding high sensitivity and specificity in test results. Also, the successful application of EGMs into diagnostics has afforded promising outcomes for researchers and clinicians. This study of EGM provides a deeper understanding of the subject as an area of interest, especially cell-free DNA, aiming toward the eventual development of new therapeutic applications and diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Çağıl Koçana
- Department of Genetic, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Fulya Toprak
- Department of Genetic, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Sözer
- Department of Genetic, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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27
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Klyachko NL, Arzt CJ, Li SM, Gololobova OA, Batrakova EV. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapeutics: Preclinical and Clinical Investigations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1171. [PMID: 33271883 PMCID: PMC7760239 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug nanoformulations hold remarkable promise for the efficient delivery of therapeutics to a disease site. Unfortunately, artificial nanocarriers, mostly liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, show limited applications due to the unfavorable pharmacokinetics and rapid clearance from the blood circulation by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Besides, many of them have high cytotoxicity, low biodegradability, and the inability to cross biological barriers, including the blood brain barrier. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are novel candidates for drug delivery systems with high bioavailability, exceptional biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. They provide a means for intercellular communication and the transmission of bioactive compounds to targeted tissues, cells, and organs. These features have made them increasingly attractive as a therapeutic platform in recent years. However, there are many obstacles to designing EV-based therapeutics. In this review, we will outline the main hurdles and limitations for therapeutic and clinical applications of drug loaded EV formulations and describe various attempts to solve these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L. Klyachko
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.L.K.); (O.A.G.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.J.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Camryn J. Arzt
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.J.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Samuel M. Li
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.J.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Olesia A. Gololobova
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.L.K.); (O.A.G.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.J.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Elena V. Batrakova
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (N.L.K.); (O.A.G.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (C.J.A.); (S.M.L.)
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28
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Scavo MP, Rizzi F, Depalo N, Fanizza E, Ingrosso C, Curri ML, Giannelli G. A Possible Role of FZD10 Delivering Exosomes Derived from Colon Cancers Cell Lines in Inducing Activation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Normal Colon Epithelial Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6705. [PMID: 32933173 PMCID: PMC7555665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes belong to the family of extracellular vesicles released by every type of cell both in normal and pathological conditions. Growing interest in studies indicates that extracellular vesicles, in particular, the fraction named exosomes containing lipids, proteins and nucleic acid, represent an efficient way to transfer functional cargoes between cells, thus combining all the other cell-cell interaction mechanisms known so far. Only a few decades ago, the involvement of exosomes in the carcinogenesis in different tissues was discovered, and very recently it was also observed how they carry and modulate the presence of Wnt pathway proteins, involved in the carcinogenesis of gastrointestinal tissues, such as Frizzled 10 protein (FZD10), a membrane receptor for Wnt. Here, we report the in vitro study on the capability of tumor-derived exosomes to induce neoplastic features in normal cells. Exosomes derived from two different colon cancer cell lines, namely the non-metastatic CaCo-2 and the metastatic SW620, were found to deliver, in both cases, FZD10, thus demonstrating the ability to reprogram normal colonic epithelial cell line (HCEC-1CT). Indeed, the acquisition of specific mesenchymal characteristics, such as migration capability and expression of FZD10 and markers of mesenchymal cells, was observed. The exosomes derived from the metastatic cell line, characterized by a level of FZD10 higher than the exosomes extracted from the non-metastatic cells, were also more efficient in stimulating EMT activation. The overall results suggest that FZD10, delivered by circulating tumor-derived exosomes, can play a relevant role in promoting the CRC carcinogenesis and propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Principia Scavo
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (E.F.); (C.I.); (M.L.C.)
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (E.F.); (C.I.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (E.F.); (C.I.); (M.L.C.)
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Ingrosso
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (E.F.); (C.I.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.R.); (E.F.); (C.I.); (M.L.C.)
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
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Dobra G, Bukva M, Szabo Z, Bruszel B, Harmati M, Gyukity-Sebestyen E, Jenei A, Szucs M, Horvath P, Biro T, Klekner A, Buzas K. Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Serum May Serve as Signal-Enhancers for the Monitoring of CNS Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155359. [PMID: 32731530 PMCID: PMC7432723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy-based methods to test biomarkers (e.g., serum proteins and extracellular vesicles) may help to monitor brain tumors. In this proteomics-based study, we aimed to identify a characteristic protein fingerprint associated with central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Overall, 96 human serum samples were obtained from four patient groups, namely glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), non-small-cell lung cancer brain metastasis (BM), meningioma (M) and lumbar disc hernia patients (CTRL). After the isolation and characterization of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed on two different sample types (whole serum and serum sEVs). Statistical analyses (ratio, Cohen's d, receiver operating characteristic; ROC) were carried out to compare patient groups. To recognize differences between the two sample types, pairwise comparisons (Welch's test) and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) were performed. According to our knowledge, this is the first study that compares the proteome of whole serum and serum-derived sEVs. From the 311 proteins identified, 10 whole serum proteins and 17 sEV proteins showed the highest intergroup differences. Sixty-five proteins were significantly enriched in sEV samples, while 129 proteins were significantly depleted compared to whole serum. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) analyses, sEVs are more suitable to discriminate between the patient groups. Our results support that sEVs have greater potential to monitor CNS tumors, than whole serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Dobra
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.H.); (E.G.-S.); (P.H.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Doctoral School of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Matyas Bukva
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.H.); (E.G.-S.); (P.H.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Doctoral School of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Bella Bruszel
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Maria Harmati
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.H.); (E.G.-S.); (P.H.)
| | - Edina Gyukity-Sebestyen
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.H.); (E.G.-S.); (P.H.)
| | - Adrienn Jenei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Centre, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Monika Szucs
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Horvath
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.H.); (E.G.-S.); (P.H.)
| | - Tamas Biro
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Almos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Centre, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Krisztina Buzas
- Laboratory of Microscopic Image Analysis and Machine Learning, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (G.D.); (M.B.); (M.H.); (E.G.-S.); (P.H.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-432-340
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Scavo MP, Cutrignelli A, Depalo N, Fanizza E, Laquintana V, Gasparini G, Giannelli G, Denora N. Effectiveness of a Controlled 5-FU Delivery Based on FZD10 Antibody-Conjugated Liposomes in Colorectal Cancer In vitro Models. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E650. [PMID: 32664186 PMCID: PMC7408534 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of controlled delivery therapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) reduces toxicity and side effects. Recently, we have suggested that the Frizzled 10 (FZD10) protein, a cell surface receptor belonging to the FZD protein family that is overexpressed in CRC cells, is a novel candidate for targeting and treatment of CRC. Here, the anticancer effect of novel immuno-liposomes loaded with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), decorated with an antibody against FZD10 (anti-FZD10/5-FU/LPs), was evaluated in vitro on two different CRC cell lines, namely metastatic CoLo-205 and nonmetastatic CaCo-2 cells, that were found to overexpress FZD10. The anti-FZD10/5-FU/LPs obtained were extensively characterized and their preclinical therapeutic efficacy was evaluated with the MTS cell proliferation assay based on reduction of tetrazolium compound, scratch test, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FE-SEM) investigation and immunofluorescence analysis. The results highlighted that the cytotoxic activity of 5-FU was enhanced when encapsulated in the anti-FZD10 /5-FU/LPs at the lowest tested concentrations, as compared to the free 5-FU counterparts. The immuno-liposomes proposed herein possess a great potential for selective treatment of CRC because, in future clinical applications, they can be encapsulated in gastro-resistant capsules or suppositories for oral or rectal delivery, thereby successfully reaching the intestinal tract in a minimally invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Principia Scavo
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. deBellis”, Via Turi 26 Castellana Grotte, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (V.L.); (N.D.)
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (N.D.); (E.F.)
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (N.D.); (E.F.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (V.L.); (N.D.)
| | | | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology “de Bellis”, Via Turi 26 Castellana Grotte, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (V.L.); (N.D.)
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes (IPCF)-CNR SS Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (N.D.); (E.F.)
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Wang L, He M, Fu L, Jin Y. Exosomal release of microRNA-454 by breast cancer cells sustains biological properties of cancer stem cells via the PRRT2/Wnt axis in ovarian cancer. Life Sci 2020; 257:118024. [PMID: 32598931 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cancer-derived exosomes carrying tumor-derived molecules such as miRNAs and proteins related to various phenotypes have been detected in both the bloodstream and other biofluids of patients with different cancers. Thus, our main purpose here was to determine the role of the exosomal microRNA-454 (miR-454) derived by MDA-MB-231 in self-renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in ovarian cancer (OC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Extraction of MDA-MB-231 cells-derived exosomes (231-derived exosomes) was conducted to treat CD44+/CD133+ SKOV3 and CoC1 cells to observe cell growth and stemness. Next, the differentially expressed miRNAs in SKOV3 cells after exosome treatment were filtered using microarray analysis. Subsequently, the cell viability was detected after reducing the exosomal miR-454 and the addition of a Wnt pathway inhibitor C59. Finally, the pro-tumorigenic function of exosomes on OC cells in vivo was investigated. KEY FINDINGS After co-culture with 231-derived exosomes, the stemness of CSCs were promoted. Subsequently, the reduction of exosomal miR-454 weakened the roles of exosomes on cell stemness. Proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) was substantiated as a target gene of miR-454 in SKOV3 and CoC1 cells. C59 reversed the repressive role of exosomes in stemness of CSCs. When being evaluated in a mouse model, exosomal miR-454 led to an efficacious effect in suppressing the tumor weight and volume in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE Altogether, 231-derived exosomes carrying miR-454 disrupted the Wnt pathway by targeting PRRT2, thereby promoting CSC stemness in vitro and OC cell growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, PR China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, PR China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yuemei Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, PR China.
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