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Du H, Cui L, Zhao X, Yu Z, He T, Zhang B, Fan X, Zhao M, Zhu R, Zhang Z, Li M, Li J, Oh Y, Gu N. Butylparaben induces glycolipid metabolic disorders in mice via disruption of gut microbiota and FXR signaling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134821. [PMID: 38850927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Butylparaben, a common preservative, is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Epidemiological studies have revealed the close relationship between butylparaben and diabetes; however the mechanisms of action remain unclear. In this study, we administered butylparaben orally to mice and observed that exposure to butylparaben induced glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia. RNA sequencing results demonstrated that the enrichment of differentially expressed genes was associated with lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and inflammatory response. Western blot results further validated that butylparaben promoted hepatic lipogenesis, inflammation, gluconeogenesis, and insulin resistance through the inhibition of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) pathway. The FXR agonists alleviated the butylparaben-induced metabolic disorders. Moreover, 16 S rRNA sequencing showed that butylparaben reduced the abundance of Bacteroidetes, S24-7, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus, and elevated the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by butylparaben led to decreased bile acids (BAs) production and increased inflammatory response, which further induced hepatic glycolipid metabolic disorders. Our results also demonstrated that probiotics attenuated butylparaben-induced disturbances of the gut microbiota and hepatic metabolism. Taken collectively, the findings reveal that butylparaben induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and decreased BAs production, which further inhibited FXR signaling, ultimately contributing to glycolipid metabolic disorders in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Chinese Material Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Key Laboratory of External Drug Delivery System and Preparation Technology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 650500, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ziteng Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tianyue He
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xingpei Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meimei Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruijiao Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mengcong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuri Oh
- Faculty of Education, Wakayama University, Wakayama 640-8441, Japan
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Chinese Material Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
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Wu HT, Tsai CS, Chao TH, Ou HY, Tsai LM. A Novel Antioxidant, Hydrogen-Rich Coral Calcium Alters Gut Microbiome and Bile Acid Synthesis to Improve Methionine-and-Choline-Deficient Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:746. [PMID: 38929185 PMCID: PMC11201271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has dramatically increased in recent years, and it is highly associated with metabolic diseases, as well as the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of NAFLD are still scarce. Although hydrogen-rich water shows beneficial effects for hepatic steatosis, the inconvenience limits the application of this antioxidant. In light of this, hydrogen-rich coral calcium (HRCC) was developed due to its convenience and quantifiable characteristics. However, the effects of HRCC on NAFLD are still unknown. In the present study, we found that HRCC treatment improved methionine-and-choline-deficient diet (MCD)-induced hepatic steatosis, increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, and elevated hepatic inflammatory factor expressions in mice. In addition to the increased expressions of antioxidative enzymes, we found that HRCC increased the expressions of bile acid biosynthesis-related genes, including Cyp8b1 and Cyp27a1. Increased hepatic bile acid contents, such as muricholic acids, 23 nor-deoxycholic acid, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, and cholic acids, were also confirmed in MCD mice treated with HRCC. Since the biogenesis of bile acids is associated with the constitution of gut microbiome, the alterations in gut microbiome by HRCC were evaluated. We found that HRCC significantly changed the constitution of gut microbiome in MCD mice and increased the contents of Anaerobacterium, Acutalibacter, Anaerosacchariphilus, and Corynebacterium. Taken together, HRCC improved MCD-induced NAFLD through anti-inflammatory mechanisms and by increasing antioxidative activities. Additionally, HRCC might alter gut microbiome to change hepatic bile acid contents, exerting beneficial effects for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tsung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (H.-T.W.); (T.-H.C.); (H.-Y.O.)
- Tong-Yuan Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shiang Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsing Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (H.-T.W.); (T.-H.C.); (H.-Y.O.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yih Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (H.-T.W.); (T.-H.C.); (H.-Y.O.)
- Tong-Yuan Diabetes Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Miin Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show-Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 701, Taiwan
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3
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Ma R, Shi G, Li Y, Shi H. Trimethylamine N-oxide, choline and its metabolites are associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1915-1923. [PMID: 38443197 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
It is inconclusive whether trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and choline and related metabolites, namely trimethylamine (TMA), l-carnitine, betaine and dimethylglycine (DMG), are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our objective was to investigate these potential associations. Additionally, we sought to determine the mediating role of TMAO. In this 1:1 age- and sex-matched case-control study, a total of 150 pairs comprising NAFLD cases and healthy controls were identified. According to the fully adjusted model, after the highest tertile was compared with the lowest tertile, the plasma TMAO concentration (OR = 2·02 (95 % CI 1·04, 3·92); P trend = 0·003), l-carnitine concentration (OR = 1·79 (1·01, 3·17); P trend = 0·020) and DMG concentration (OR = 1·81 (1·00, 3·28); P trend = 0·014) were significantly positively associated with NAFLD incidence. However, a significantly negative association was found for plasma betaine (OR = 0. 50 (0·28, 0·88); P trend = 0·001). The restricted cubic splines model consistently indicated positive dose-response relationships between exposure to TMAO, l-carnitine, and DMG and NAFLD risk, with a negative association being observed for betaine. The corresponding AUC increased significantly from 0·685 (0·626, 0·745) in the traditional risk factor model to 0·769 (0·716, 0·822) when TMAO and its precursors were included (l-carnitine, betaine and choline) (P = 0·032). Mediation analyses revealed that 14·7 and 18·6 % of the excess NAFLD risk associated with l-carnitine and DMG, respectively, was mediated by TMAO (the P values for the mediating effects were 0·021 and 0·036, respectively). These results suggest that a higher concentration of TMAO is associated with increased NAFLD risk among Chinese adults and provide evidence of the possible mediating role of TMAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangying Shi
- Department of Hepatology, Xinjiang Corps Hospital, Xinjiang832104, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu610500, People's Republic of China
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Wu L, Hu Z, Lv Y, Ge C, Luo X, Zhan S, Huang W, Shen X, Yu D, Liu B. Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism regulation in an aged laying hen model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132735. [PMID: 38825293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides extracted from Hericium erinaceus (HEP) exhibit hepatoprotective activity in the alleviation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the mechanisms underlying whether and how HEP regulation of the gut microbiota to alleviate liver-associated metabolic disorders are not well understood. This study used an aged laying hen model to explore the mechanisms through which HEP alleviates NAFLD, with a focus on regulatory function of HEP in the gut microbiome. The results showed that HEP ameliorated hepatic damage and metabolic disorders by improving intestinal barrier function and shaping the gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolic profiles. HEP increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and certain tryptophan metabolites, including indole-3-carboxylic acid, kynurenic acid, and tryptamine in the cecum. These metabolites upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin by activating the AhR and restoring the intestinal barrier integrity. The increased intestinal barrier functions decreased LPS transferring from the intestine to the liver, inhibited hepatic LPS/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway activation, and reduced hepatic inflammatory response and apoptosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments further confirmed that the hepatoprotective effect is likely mediated by HEP-altered gut microbiota and their metabolites. Overall, dietary HEP could ameliorate the hepatic damage and metabolic disorders of NAFLD through regulating the "gut-liver" axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianchi Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaoying Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yujie Lv
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaoyue Ge
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Luo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shenao Zhan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weichen Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Shen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre (TianMu Laboratory), Gaochuang Hi-Tech Park, Xinchang 312500, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre (TianMu Laboratory), Gaochuang Hi-Tech Park, Xinchang 312500, China.
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5
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Mao T, Zhang C, Yang S, Bi Y, Li M, Yu J. Semaglutide alters gut microbiota and improves NAFLD in db/db mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 710:149882. [PMID: 38583231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). NAFLD can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and even cancer, all of which have a very poor prognosis. Semaglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been recognized as a specific drug for the treatment of diabetes. In this study, we used a gene mutation mouse model (db/db mice) to investigate the potential liver-improving effects of semaglutide. The results showed that semaglutide improved lipid levels and glucose metabolism in db/db mice. HE staining and oil red staining showed alleviation of liver damage and reduction of hepatic lipid deposition after injection of semaglutide. In addition, semaglutide also improved the integrity of gut barrier and altered gut microbiota, especially Alloprevotella, Alistpes, Ligilactobacillus and Lactobacillus. In summary, our findings validate that semaglutide induces modifications in the composition of the gut microbiota and ameliorates NAFLD, positioning it as a promising therapeutic candidate for addressing hepatic steatosis and associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuohua Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Chenxuan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Yingying Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China.
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Mei EH, Yao C, Chen YN, Nan SX, Qi SC. Multifunctional role of oral bacteria in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:688-702. [PMID: 38818294 PMCID: PMC11135273 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders of varying severity, ultimately leading to fibrosis. This spectrum primarily consists of NAFL and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is closely associated with disturbances in the gut microbiota and impairment of the intestinal barrier. Non-gut commensal flora, particularly bacteria, play a pivotal role in the progression of NAFLD. Notably, Porphyromonas gingivalis, a principal bacterium involved in periodontitis, is known to facilitate lipid accumulation, augment immune responses, and induce insulin resistance, thereby exacerbating fibrosis in cases of periodontitis-associated NAFLD. The influence of oral microbiota on NAFLD via the "oral-gut-liver" axis is gaining recognition, offering a novel perspective for NAFLD management through microbial imbalance correction. This review endeavors to encapsulate the intricate roles of oral bacteria in NAFLD and explore underlying mechanisms, emphasizing microbial control strategies as a viable therapeutic avenue for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Hua Mei
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yi-Nan Chen
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shun-Xue Nan
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Sheng-Cai Qi
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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7
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Reshef N, Gophna U, Reshef L, Konikoff F, Gabay G, Zornitzki T, Knobler H, Maor Y. Prebiotic Treatment in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)-A Randomized Pilot Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1571. [PMID: 38892505 PMCID: PMC11174003 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies show that gut microbiotas in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) differ from those in a healthy population, suggesting that this alteration plays a role in NAFLD pathogenesis. We investigated whether prebiotic administration affects liver fat content and/or liver-related and metabolic parameters. Patients with NAFLD and metabolic syndrome (age: 50 ± 11; 79% men) were randomized to receive either 16 g/day of prebiotic (ITFs-inulin-type fructans) (n = 8) or placebo (maltodextrin) (n = 11) for 12 weeks. Patients were instructed to maintain a stable weight throughout the study. Liver fat content (measured by H1MRS), fecal microbiota, and metabolic, inflammatory, and liver parameters were determined before and after intervention. Fecal samples from patients who received the prebiotic had an increased content of Bifidobacterium (p = 0.025), which was not observed with the placebo. However, the baseline and end-of-study liver fat contents did not change significantly in the prebiotic and placebo groups, neither did the liver function tests' metabolic and inflammatory mediators, including fibroblast growth factor-19 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. Body weight remained stable in both groups. These findings suggest that prebiotic treatment without weight reduction is insufficient to improve NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Reshef
- Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism-Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 7661041, Israel; (T.Z.); (H.K.)
- School of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Uri Gophna
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (U.G.); (L.R.)
| | - Leah Reshef
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel; (U.G.); (L.R.)
| | - Fred Konikoff
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology-Meir Medical Center, Kefar Sava 4428164, Israel; (F.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Gila Gabay
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology-Meir Medical Center, Kefar Sava 4428164, Israel; (F.K.)
| | - Taiba Zornitzki
- Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism-Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 7661041, Israel; (T.Z.); (H.K.)
- Hadassah School of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Hilla Knobler
- Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism-Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 7661041, Israel; (T.Z.); (H.K.)
- Hadassah School of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Yaakov Maor
- Hadassah School of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology-Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot 7661043, Israel
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8
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Tang R, Liu R, Zha H, Cheng Y, Ling Z, Li L. Gut microbiota induced epigenetic modifications in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300016. [PMID: 38708414 PMCID: PMC11065334 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a growing global health concern that can lead to liver disease and cancer. It is characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, unrelated to excessive alcohol consumption. Studies indicate that the gut microbiota-host crosstalk may play a causal role in NAFLD pathogenesis, with epigenetic modification serving as a key mechanism for regulating this interaction. In this review, we explore how the interplay between gut microbiota and the host epigenome impacts the development of NAFLD. Specifically, we discuss how gut microbiota-derived factors, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), can modulate the DNA methylation and histone acetylation of genes associated with NAFLD, subsequently affecting lipid metabolism and immune homeostasis. Although the current literature suggests a link between gut microbiota and NAFLD development, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying this crosstalk remains limited. Therefore, more comprehensive epigenomic and multi-omic studies, including broader clinical and animal experiments, are needed to further explore the mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to NAFLD-associated genes. These studies are anticipated to improve microbial markers based on epigenetic strategies and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of NAFLD, ultimately addressing a significant unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Center of Pediatric Hematology‐oncologyPediatric Leukemia Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology Research Center of Zhejiang ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthChildren's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Hua Zha
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zongxin Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanChina
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanChina
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9
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Zazueta A, Valenzuela-Pérez L, Ortiz-López N, Pinto-León A, Torres V, Guiñez D, Aliaga N, Merino P, Sandoval A, Covarrubias N, Pérez de Arce E, Cattaneo M, Urzúa A, Roblero JP, Poniachik J, Gotteland M, Magne F, Beltrán CJ. Alteration of Gut Microbiota Composition in the Progression of Liver Damage in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4387. [PMID: 38673972 PMCID: PMC11050088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a complex disorder whose prevalence is rapidly growing in South America. The disturbances in the microbiota-gut-liver axis impact the liver damaging processes toward fibrosis. Gut microbiota status is shaped by dietary and lifestyle factors, depending on geographic location. We aimed to identify microbial signatures in a group of Chilean MASLD patients. Forty subjects were recruited, including healthy controls (HCs), overweight/obese subjects (Ow/Ob), patients with MASLD without fibrosis (MASLD/F-), and MASLD with fibrosis (MASLD/F+). Both MASLD and fibrosis were detected through elastography and/or biopsy, and fecal microbiota were analyzed through deep sequencing. Despite no differences in α- and β-diversity among all groups, a higher abundance of Bilophila and a lower presence of Defluviitaleaceae, Lachnospiraceae ND3007, and Coprobacter was found in MASLD/F- and MASLD/F+, compared to HC. Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 and Sellimonas were more abundant in MASLD/F+ than in Ow/Ob; both significantly differed between MASLD/F- and MASLD/F+, compared to HC. Significant positive correlations were observed between liver stiffness and Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, Sarcina, and Acidaminococcus abundance. Our results show that MASLD is associated with changes in bacterial taxa that are known to be involved in bile acid metabolism and SCFA production, with some of them being more specifically linked to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Zazueta
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Lucía Valenzuela-Pérez
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Nicolás Ortiz-López
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Araceli Pinto-León
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Verónica Torres
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Danette Guiñez
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Nicolás Aliaga
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Pablo Merino
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Alexandra Sandoval
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Natalia Covarrubias
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Edith Pérez de Arce
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Máximo Cattaneo
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Alvaro Urzúa
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Juan Pablo Roblero
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Jaime Poniachik
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Martín Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Fabien Magne
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Caroll Jenny Beltrán
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
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10
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Ming Z, Ruishi X, Linyi X, Yonggang Y, Haoming L, Xintian L. The gut-liver axis in fatty liver disease: role played by natural products. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1365294. [PMID: 38686320 PMCID: PMC11056694 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1365294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease, a condition characterized by fatty degeneration of the liver, mainly classified as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD), has become a leading cause of cirrhosis, liver cancer and death. The gut-liver axis is the bidirectional relationship between the gut and its microbiota and its liver. The liver can communicate with the gut through the bile ducts, while the portal vein transports the products of the gut flora to the liver. The intestinal flora and its metabolites directly and indirectly regulate hepatic gene expression, leading to an imbalance in the gut-liver axis and thus contributing to the development of liver disease. Utilizing natural products for the prevention and treatment of various metabolic diseases is a prevalent practice, and it is anticipated to represent the forthcoming trend in the development of drugs for combating NAFLD/ALD. This paper discusses the mechanism of the enterohepatic axis in fatty liver, summarizes the important role of plant metabolites in natural products in fatty liver treatment by regulating the enterohepatic axis, and provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of new drugs and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Ming
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xie Ruishi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Linyi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | | | - Luo Haoming
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lan Xintian
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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11
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Alghamdi W, Mosli M, Alqahtani SA. Gut microbiota in MAFLD: therapeutic and diagnostic implications. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2024; 15:20420188241242937. [PMID: 38628492 PMCID: PMC11020731 DOI: 10.1177/20420188241242937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is becoming a significant contributor to chronic liver disease globally, surpassing other etiologies, such as viral hepatitis. Prevention and early treatment strategies to curb its growing prevalence are urgently required. Recent evidence suggests that targeting the gut microbiota may help treat and alleviate disease progression in patients with MAFLD. This review aims to explore the complex relationship between MAFLD and the gut microbiota in relation to disease pathogenesis. Additionally, it delves into the therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota, such as diet, exercise, antibiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and fecal microbiota transplantation, and discusses novel biomarkers, such as microbiota-derived testing and liquid biopsy, for their diagnostic and staging potential. Overall, the review emphasizes the urgent need for preventive and therapeutic strategies to address the devastating consequences of MAFLD at both individual and societal levels and recognizes that further exploration of the gut microbiota may open avenues for managing MAFLD effectively in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Alghamdi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Mosli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Alqahtani
- Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Maciejewska-Markiewicz D, Sykulski M, Gruszczyńska A, Herman-Iżycka J, Wyleżoł M, Katarzyna Petriczko K, Palma J, Jakubczyk K, Janda-Milczarek K, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Stachowska E. Gut Microbiome-How Does Two-Month Consumption of Fiber-Enriched Rolls Change Microbiome in Patients Suffering from MASLD? Nutrients 2024; 16:1173. [PMID: 38674864 PMCID: PMC11053994 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing global problem which commonly affects patients with co-existing diseases/conditions, such as type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. The effective treatment of MASLD is still limited; however, diet plays a significant role in its management. There are multiple beneficial properties of dietary fiber, including its ability to modify the gut microbiome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the consumption of fiber-enriched rolls on the gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in patients suffering from MASLD. METHODS The participants were recruited according to the inclusion criteria and were required to consume fiber-enriched rolls containing either 6 g or 12 g of fiber. There were three assessment timepoints, when the anthropometric and laboratory parameters were measured, and 16s on nanopore sequencing of the fecal microbiome was conducted. RESULTS Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla in the patients living with MASLD. It was demonstrated that the amount of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) changed after the consumption of fiber-enriched rolls; however, this was strongly associated with both the timepoint and the type of SCFAs-acetate and butyrate. Additionally, the high-fiber diet was related to the increase in phyla diversity (p = 0.006571). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the introduction of an appropriate amount of fiber to the diet seems to be promising for patients suffering from MASLD due to its ability to create an improvement in gut microbiome-related aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Dominika Maciejewska-Markiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (D.M.-M.); (K.J.); (K.J.-M.)
| | - Maciej Sykulski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Gruszczyńska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | | | - Mariusz Wyleżoł
- Department of General, Vascular and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina Katarzyna Petriczko
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, SPWSZ Hospital, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Palma
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Karolina Jakubczyk
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (D.M.-M.); (K.J.); (K.J.-M.)
| | - Katarzyna Janda-Milczarek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (D.M.-M.); (K.J.); (K.J.-M.)
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (D.M.-M.); (K.J.); (K.J.-M.)
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Zuo G, Chen M, Zuo Y, Liu F, Yang Y, Li J, Zhou X, Li M, Huang JA, Liu Z, Lin Y. Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects Against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Endotoxemia in Rats via Modulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Alleviating Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Related Inflammation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38607257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by fat accumulation and inflammation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been proven to be effective against NAFLD, but its hepatoprotective mechanisms based on the "gut microbiota-barrier-liver axis" are still not fully understood. Herein, the results demonstrated that EGCG effectively ameliorated NAFLD phenotypes and metabolic disorders in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), and inhibited intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation, which is also supported in the experiment of Caco-2 cells. Moreover, EGCG could restore gut microbiota diversity and composition, particularly promoting beneficial microbes, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers, such as Lactobacillus, and suppressing Gram-negative bacteria, such as Desulfovibrio. The microbial modulation raised SCFA levels, decreased lipopolysaccharide levels, inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, and strengthened intestinal barrier function via Nrf2 pathway activation, thereby alleviating liver steatosis and inflammation. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that 24 key OTUs, negatively or positively associated with NAFLD and metabolic disorders, were also reshaped by EGCG. Our results suggested that a combinative improvement of EGCG on gut microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and inflammation might be a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaolong Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Meiyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yingpeng Zuo
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Fen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Yang
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Xirui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Menghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Yong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
- Co-Innovation Centre of Education Ministry for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
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Cai W, Qiu T, Hu W, Fang T. Changes in the intestinal microbiota of individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on sequencing: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299946. [PMID: 38547205 PMCID: PMC10977702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the composition and abundance of the intestinal microbiota occur in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the results are inconsistent because of differences in the study design, subject area, and sequencing methodology. In this study, we compared the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microbiota of patients with NAFLD and healthy individuals through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) were searched from their inception to March 20, 2023. A meta-analysis was performed using Stata software to analyze variations in the richness and abundance of the intestinal microbiota in patients with NAFLD. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used for quality assessment. RESULTS A total of 28 articles were included. Shannon diversity was reduced in patients with NAFLD (SMD = -0.24 (95% CI -0.43-0.05, I2 = 71.7%). The relative abundance of Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, and Coprococcus all decreased, with total SMDs of -0.96 (95% CI -1.29 to -0.63, I2 = 4.8%), -1.13 (95% CI -2.07 to -0.19, I2 = 80.5%), and -1.66 (95% CI -3.04 to -0.28, I2 = 91.5%). Escherichia was increased in individuals with NAFLD (SMD = 1.78, 95% CI 0.12 to 3.45, I2 = 94.4%). CONCLUSION Increasing the species diversity and altering the abundance of specific gut microbiota, including Coprococcus, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and Escherichia, may be beneficial for improving NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpin Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weitao Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Taiyong Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Kasprzak-Drozd K, Niziński P, Kasprzak P, Kondracka A, Oniszczuk T, Rusinek A, Oniszczuk A. Does Resveratrol Improve Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3746. [PMID: 38612556 PMCID: PMC11012111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is influenced by a variety of factors, including environmental and genetic factors. The most significant outcome is the alteration of free fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism. Lipotoxicity, impaired autophagy, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as coexisting insulin resistance, obesity, and changes in the composition of gut microbiota, are also considered crucial factors in the pathogenesis of MASLD. Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that belongs to the stilbene subgroup. This review summarises the available information on the therapeutic effects of resveratrol against MASLD. Resveratrol has demonstrated promising antisteatotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities in liver cells in in vitro and animal studies. Resveratrol has been associated with inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, activating the SIRT-1 and AMPK pathways, normalizing the intestinal microbiome, and alleviating intestinal inflammation. However, clinical studies have yielded inconclusive results regarding the efficacy of resveratrol in alleviating hepatic steatosis or reducing any of the parameters found in MASLD in human patients. The lack of homogeneity between studies, low bioavailability of resveratrol, and population variability when compared to animal models could be the reasons for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.-D.); (A.R.)
| | - Przemysław Niziński
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paulina Kasprzak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Adrianna Kondracka
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Oniszczuk
- Department of Thermal Technology and Food Process Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 31, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Rusinek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.-D.); (A.R.)
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.K.-D.); (A.R.)
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Perlin CM, Longo L, Thoen RU, Uribe-Cruz C, Álvares-DA-Silva MR. COMPARISON OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN ALCOHOLIC AND METABOLIC-DYSFUNCION ASSOCIATED STEATOTIC LIVER DISEASE IN ANIMAL MODELS. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2024; 61:e23100. [PMID: 38511793 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.24612023-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are common, and gut microbiota (GM) is involved with both. Here we compared GM composition in animal models of MASLD and ALD to assess whether there are specific patterns for each disease. METHODS MASLD model- adult male Sprague Dawley rats, randomized into two groups: MASLD-control (n=10) fed a standard diet; MASLD-group (n=10) fed a high-fat-choline-deficient diet for 16 weeks. ALD model- adult male Wistar rats randomized: ALD-control (n=8) fed a standard diet and water+0.05% saccharin, ALD groups fed with sunflower seed and 10% ethanol+0.05% saccharin for 4 or 8 weeks (ALC4, n=8; ALC8, n=8). ALC4/8 on the last day received alcoholic binge (5g/kg of ethanol). Afterwards, animals were euthanized, and feces were collected for GM analysis. RESULTS Both experimental models induced typical histopathological features of the diseases. Alpha diversity was lower in MASLD compared with ALD (p<0.001), and structural pattern was different between them (P<0.001). Bacteroidetes (55.7%), Firmicutes (40.6%), and Proteobacteria (1.4%) were the most prevalent phyla in all samples, although differentially abundant among groups. ALC8 had a greater abundance of the phyla Cyanobacteria (5.3%) and Verrucomicrobiota (3.2%) in relation to the others. Differential abundance analysis identified Lactobacillaceae_unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Turicibacter associated with ALC4 and the Clostridia_UCG_014_ge and Gastranaerophilales_ge genera to ALC8. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that the structural pattern of the GM differs significantly between MASLD and ALD models. Studies are needed to characterize the microbiota and metabolome in both clinical conditions to find new therapeutic strategies. BACKGROUND •Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota are related to the development of alcoholic liver disease and metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease. BACKGROUND •The diversity of the intestinal microbiota was lower in animals with MASLD compared to ALD. BACKGROUND •The structural pattern of the intestinal microbiota was significantly different among the experimental groups. BACKGROUND •Studies are needed to characterize the composition of the intestinal microbiota and metabolome to find new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Marques Perlin
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Larisse Longo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Rutiane Ullmann Thoen
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Carolina Uribe-Cruz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Universidade Católica de las Misiones, Posadas - 3300, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mário Reis Álvares-DA-Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Divisão de Gastroenterologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Pesquisador do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasil
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Zeng F, Su X, Liang X, Liao M, Zhong H, Xu J, Gou W, Zhang X, Shen L, Zheng JS, Chen YM. Gut microbiome features and metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. BMC Med 2024; 22:104. [PMID: 38454425 PMCID: PMC10921631 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific microbiota and associated metabolites linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are still controversial. Thus, we aimed to understand how the core gut microbiota and metabolites impact NAFLD. METHODS The data for the discovery cohort were collected from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS) follow-up conducted between 2014 and 2018. We collected 272 metadata points from 1546 individuals. The metadata were input into four interpretable machine learning models to identify important gut microbiota associated with NAFLD. These models were subsequently applied to two validation cohorts [the internal validation cohort (n = 377), and the prospective validation cohort (n = 749)] to assess generalizability. We constructed an individual microbiome risk score (MRS) based on the identified gut microbiota and conducted animal faecal microbiome transplantation experiment using faecal samples from individuals with different levels of MRS to determine the relationship between MRS and NAFLD. Additionally, we conducted targeted metabolomic sequencing of faecal samples to analyse potential metabolites. RESULTS Among the four machine learning models used, the lightGBM algorithm achieved the best performance. A total of 12 taxa-related features of the microbiota were selected by the lightGBM algorithm and further used to calculate the MRS. Increased MRS was positively associated with the presence of NAFLD, with odds ratio (OR) of 1.86 (1.72, 2.02) per 1-unit increase in MRS. An elevated abundance of the faecal microbiota (f__veillonellaceae) was associated with increased NAFLD risk, whereas f__rikenellaceae, f__barnesiellaceae, and s__adolescentis were associated with a decreased presence of NAFLD. Higher levels of specific gut microbiota-derived metabolites of bile acids (taurocholic acid) might be positively associated with both a higher MRS and NAFLD risk. FMT in mice further confirmed a causal association between a higher MRS and the development of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that an alteration in the composition of the core gut microbiota might be biologically relevant to NAFLD development. Our work demonstrated the role of the microbiota in the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xinxiu Liang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Minqi Liao
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Haili Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jinjian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wanglong Gou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Xiangzhou Zhang
- Big Data Decision Institute, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Luqi Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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18
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Long Q, Luo F, Li B, Li Z, Guo Z, Chen Z, Wu W, Hu M. Gut microbiota and metabolic biomarkers in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0310. [PMID: 38407327 PMCID: PMC10898672 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a replacement of the nomenclature employed for NAFLD, is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Despite its high global prevalence, NAFLD is often under-recognized due to the absence of reliable noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and staging. Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a significant role in the occurrence and progression of NAFLD by causing immune dysregulation and metabolic alterations due to gut dysbiosis. The rapid advancement of sequencing tools and metabolomics has enabled the identification of alterations in microbiome signatures and gut microbiota-derived metabolite profiles in numerous clinical studies related to NAFLD. Overall, these studies have shown a decrease in α-diversity and changes in gut microbiota abundance, characterized by increased levels of Escherichia and Prevotella, and decreased levels of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium in patients with NAFLD. Furthermore, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, and tryptophan metabolites are believed to be closely associated with the onset and progression of NAFLD. In this review, we provide novel insights into the vital role of gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Specifically, we summarize the major classes of gut microbiota and metabolic biomarkers in NAFLD, thereby highlighting the links between specific bacterial species and certain gut microbiota-derived metabolites in patients with NAFLD.
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19
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Wu Y, Yin W, Hao P, Chen Y, Yu L, Yu X, Wu Y, Li X, Wang W, Zhou H, Yuan Y, Quan X, Yu Y, Hu B, Chen S, Zhou Z, Sun W. Polysaccharide from Panax japonicus C.A. Mey prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development based on regulating liver metabolism and gut microbiota in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129430. [PMID: 38228199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a new polysaccharide (PSPJ) with specific molecular weight and monosaccharide compositions was isolated and purified from the water extract of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma (PJR). 16S rRNA analysis and untargeted metabolomic analysis were used to assess PSPJ's efficacy in averting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study indicated that PSPJ significantly reduced liver fat accumulation, the increase in blood lipids and ALT caused by HFD, indicating that PSPJ can prevent NAFLD. We demonstrated through cell experiments that PSPJ does not directly affect liver cells. The gut microbiota disorder and alterations in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induced by the high-fat diet (HFD) were ameliorated by PSPJ, as evidenced by the analysis of 16S rRNA. In particular, supplementing PSPJ reduced the abundance of Turicibacter, Dubosiella, and Staphylococcus, and increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Blautia, and Lactobacillus. Untargeted metabolomic analysis shows that PSPJ improves liver metabolic disorders by regulating arachidonic acid metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and retinol metabolism. The findings of our investigation indicate that PSPJ has the potential to modulate liver metabolism through alterations in the composition of intestinal bacteria, hence preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yueru Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lingyun Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingjian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, CA, United States of America
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaocong Li
- College of Medicine, Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic, No.31 Stadium Road, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shouhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, No. 1303 Jiaoyu East Road, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China.
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20
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He QJ, Li YF, Zhao LT, Lin CT, Yu CY, Wang D. Recent advances in age-related metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:652-662. [PMID: 38515956 PMCID: PMC10950625 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i7.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects approximately 25% of the world's population and has become a leading cause of chronic liver disease. In recent years, an increasing amount of data suggests that MASLD is associated with aging. As the population ages, age-related MASLD will become a major global health problem. Targeting an aging will become a new approach to the treatment of MASLD. This paper reviews the current studies on the role of aging-related factors and therapeutic targets in MASLD, including: Oxidative stress, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, bile acid metabolism homeostasis, and dysbiosis. The aim is to identify effective therapeutic targets for age-related MASLD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Jun He
- College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Fei Li
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Jilin Central Hospital, Jilin 132001, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ling-Tong Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chun-Tong Lin
- College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chun-Yan Yu
- College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
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21
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Cai T, Song X, Xu X, Dong L, Liang S, Xin M, Huang Y, Zhu L, Li T, Wang X, Fang Y, Xu Z, Wang C, Wang M, Li J, Zheng Y, Sun W, Li L. Effects of plant natural products on metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and the underlying mechanisms: a narrative review with a focus on the modulation of the gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1323261. [PMID: 38444539 PMCID: PMC10912229 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1323261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a chronic liver disease characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat in hepatocytes. However, due to the complex pathogenesis of MAFLD, there are no officially approved drugs for treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find safe and effective anti-MAFLD drugs. Recently, the relationship between the gut microbiota and MAFLD has been widely recognized, and treating MAFLD by regulating the gut microbiota may be a new therapeutic strategy. Natural products, especially plant natural products, have attracted much attention in the treatment of MAFLD due to their multiple targets and pathways and few side effects. Moreover, the structure and function of the gut microbiota can be influenced by exposure to plant natural products. However, the effects of plant natural products on MAFLD through targeting of the gut microbiota and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Based on the above information and to address the potential therapeutic role of plant natural products in MAFLD, we systematically summarize the effects and mechanisms of action of plant natural products in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD through targeting of the gut microbiota. This narrative review provides feasible ideas for further exploration of safer and more effective natural drugs for the prevention and treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Shufei Liang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Meiling Xin
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Linghui Zhu
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxing Li
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueke Wang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yini Fang
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbao Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Jingda Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfei Zheng
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Lingru Li
- National Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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22
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Ding X, He X, Tang B, Lan T. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: future directions and strategies. Chin Med 2024; 19:21. [PMID: 38310315 PMCID: PMC10838467 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00894-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used for several centuries for metabolic diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). At present, NAFLD has become the most prevalent form of chronic liver disease worldwide and can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there is still a lack of effective treatment strategies in Western medicine. The development of NAFLD is driven by multiple mechanisms, including genetic factors, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and adipose tissue dysfunction. Currently, certain drugs, including insulin sensitizers, statins, vitamin E, ursodeoxycholic acid and betaine, are proven to be beneficial for the clinical treatment of NAFLD. Due to its complex pathogenesis, personalized medicine that integrates various mechanisms may provide better benefits to patients with NAFLD. The holistic view and syndrome differentiation of TCM have advantages in treating NAFLD, which are similar to the principles of personalized medicine. In TCM, NAFLD is primarily classified into five types based on clinical experience. It is located in the liver and is closely related to spleen and kidney functions. However, due to the multi-component characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, its application in the treatment of NAFLD has been considerably limited. In this review, we summarize the advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD, drawn from both the Western medicine and TCM perspectives. We highlight that Chinese and Western medicine have complementary advantages and should receive increased attention in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bulang Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
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23
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Thilakarathna WPDW, Rupasinghe HPV. Proanthocyanidins-Based Synbiotics as a Novel Strategy for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Risk Reduction. Molecules 2024; 29:709. [PMID: 38338453 PMCID: PMC10856248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease worldwide, is a spectrum of liver abnormalities ranging from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by excessive lipid accumulation. The prevalence of NAFLD is predicted to increase rapidly, demanding novel approaches to reduce the global NAFLD burden. Flavonoids, the most abundant dietary polyphenols, can reduce the risk of NAFLD. The majority of dietary flavonoids are proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are oligomers and polymers of the flavonoid sub-group flavan-3-ols. The efficacy of PAC in reducing the NAFLD risk can be significantly hindered by low bioavailability. The development of synbiotics by combining PAC with probiotics may increase effectiveness against NAFLD by biotransforming PAC into bioavailable metabolites. PAC and probiotic bacteria are capable of mitigating steatosis primarily through suppressing de novo lipogenesis and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. PAC and probiotic bacteria can reduce the progression of steatosis to NASH mainly through ameliorating hepatic damage and inflammation induced by hepatic oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Synbiotics of PAC are superior in reducing the risk of NAFLD compared to independent administration of PAC and probiotics. The development of PAC-based synbiotics can be a novel strategy to mitigate the increasing incidence of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasitha P. D. W. Thilakarathna
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
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24
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Zhang Y, Fang H, Wang T, Zhang Z, Zhu T, Xiong L, Hu H, Liu H. Lactobacillus acidophilus-Fermented Jujube Juice Ameliorates Chronic Liver Injury in Mice via Inhibiting Apoptosis and Improving the Intestinal Microecology. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300334. [PMID: 38150643 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Chronic liver diseases are clinically silent and responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Jujube has displayed various biological activities. Here, the therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus)-fermented jujube juice (FJJ) and the possible mechanism against chronic liver injury (CLI) in mice are further studied. METHODS AND RESULTS After the CCl4 -induced CLI mice are separately treated with L. acidophilus (LA), unfermented jujube juice (UFJJ), and FJJ, FJJ but not LA or UFJJ suppresses the liver index. By using H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining, RT-PCR, and western blotting, it is shown that LA, UFJJ, and FJJ intervention ameliorate hepatocyte necrosis, inhibit the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory (NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and fibrosis-associated factors (TGF-β1, LXRα, and MMP2). Also, FJJ displays significant protection against mucosal barrier damage in CLI mice. Among the three interventions, FJJ exhibits the best therapeutic effect, followed by UFJJ and LA. Furthermore, FJJ improves dysbiosis in CLI mice. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that FJJ exhibits a protective effect against CCl4 -induced CLI mice by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress, regulating liver lipid metabolism, and improving gut microecology. Jujube juice fermentation with L. acidophilus can be a food-grade supplement in treating CLI and related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Haitian Fang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, College of Food and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, College of Food and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xiong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan, 430065, P. R. China
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25
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Mirrazavi ZS, Behrouz V. Various types of fasting diet and possible benefits in nonalcoholic fatty liver: Mechanism of actions and literature update. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:519-533. [PMID: 38219703 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the major causes of chronic liver injury, affecting around one-fourth of the general population across the world. Several important pathophysiological mechanisms underlying NAFLD include oxidative stress, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and apoptosis. Currently, therapeutic approaches are not ideal for managing NAFLD, thus new approaches and treatments are still needed. Over the last two decades, various fasting protocols have been explored to reduce body weight and improve metabolic disorders. In this review, we provide updated literature that supports fasting regimens for subjects with NAFLD and describes underlying mechanisms of action. We suggest that fasting regimens may modulate NAFLD via several mechanisms, including changes in gut microbiota, hepatic arginase, hepatic autophagy, inflammatory responses, liver functional enzymes and hepatic steatosis, fibroblast growth factors signaling, white adipose tissue browning, adipokines, circadian rhythms, lipid profiles, and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahideh Behrouz
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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26
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Liu W, Zhang Chen Z, Yang C, Fan Y, Qiao L, Xie S, Cao L. Update on the STING Signaling Pathway in Developing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:91-99. [PMID: 38250469 PMCID: PMC10794270 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition with limited treatment options. Inflammation caused by metabolic disturbances plays a significant role in NAFLD development. Stimulator of interferon gene (STING), a critical regulator of innate immunity, induces the production of interferons and other pro-inflammatory factors by recognizing cytoplasmic DNA to defend against pathogen infection. The STING-mediated signaling pathway appears to play a vital role in hepatic inflammation, metabolic disorders, and even carcinogenesis. Promisingly, pharmacological interventions targeting STING have shown improvements in the pathological state of NAFLD. Macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and T cell pathways regulated by STING present potential novel druggable targets for NAFLD treatment. Further research and development in this area may offer new therapeutic options for managing NAFLD effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhili Zhang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaofu Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaofeng Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Lin X, Gao Y. A bibliometric analysis of the Fasting-Mimicking Diet. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1328450. [PMID: 38321992 PMCID: PMC10844425 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1328450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD) is a nutritional strategy that involves significantly reducing calorie intake for a specific period to mimic the physiological effects of fasting while still providing the body with nutrition. Our study aimed to conduct a bibliometric study to explore the latest publishing trends and areas of intense activity within the sphere of FMD. We extracted data on FMD publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database. The bibliometric analysis was conducted by WOSCC Online Analysis Platform and VOSviewer 1.6.16. In total, there were 169 publications by 945 authors from 342 organizations and 25 countries/regions, and published in 111 journals. The most productive country, organization, author, and journal were the United States, the University of Southern California, Valter D. Longo, and Nutrients, respectively. The first high-cited document was published in Ageing Research Reviews and authored by Mattson et al. In this study, they discuss the various health benefits of FMD including improved metabolic health, weight management, and even potential effects on delaying aging processes and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. In conclusion, our study is the first bibliometric analysis of the FMD. The main research hotspots and frontiers were FMD for cancer, FMD for metabolic-related diseases, and FMD for cognitive improvement. FMD may have some potential benefits for multiple diseases which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Senile Chronic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Senile Chronic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ren J, Zhang X, Heiyan-Perhat SU, Yang P, Han H, Li Y, Gao J, He E, Li Y. Therapeutic Role of Polyphenol Extract from Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:288. [PMID: 38256841 PMCID: PMC10821496 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart (P. cerasifera) flourishes uniquely in the arid landscapes of Xinjiang, China. Preliminary studies have revealed the therapeutic potential of its polyphenol extract (PPE) in mitigating liver lipid accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet. We established a mouse model that was subjected to a continuous high-fat diet for 24 weeks and administered PPE to investigate the effects of PPE on cholesterol and BA metabolism in NAFLD mice. The results showed that PPE administration (200 and 400 mg/kg/day, BW) led to a reduction in liver TC, an increase in liver T-BAs, and normalization of the disrupted fecal BA profile. Concurrently, it decreased levels of lipotoxic BAs and inhibited hepatic cholesterol synthesis (evidenced by reduced HMGCR activity) and intestinal cholesterol absorption (indicated by lower ACAT2 levels) while enhancing intestinal cholesterol efflux (via LXRα, ABCA1, ABCG5, and ABCG8) and stimulating hepatic BA synthesis (CYP7A1, CYP27A1) and secretion (BSEP). PPE thus led to a significant reduction in lipotoxic BAs metabolized by gut microbiota and a downregulation of the BA secretion pathway under its influence. Our findings reveal the therapeutic effect of PPE on NAFLD mice via regulating cholesterol and BA metabolism, providing a theoretical basis for exploring the potential functions of P. cerasifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - SU Heiyan-Perhat
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Po Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Human Sciences, Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China;
- College of Arts and Sports, Hebei Institution of Communication College, Shijiazhuang 051430, China
| | - Helong Han
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
| | - Enpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Sports Human Sciences, Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China;
| | - Yanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China; (J.R.); (X.Z.); (S.H.-P.); (H.H.); (Y.L.); (J.G.)
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Shibo C, Sili W, Yanfang Q, Shuxiao G, Susu L, Xinlou C, Yongsheng Z. Emerging trends and hotspots in the links between the bile acids and NAFLD from 2002 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e460. [PMID: 37941122 PMCID: PMC10782058 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic syndrome of the liver, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that bile acids are associated with NAFLD. Although many studies on bile acids and NAFLD have been published over the past 20 years, the authors of this study have not found a relevant bibliometric analysis in this field. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the trend of publications, summarize current research hotspots and predict future research directions through bibliometric analysis in this field. METHOD Articles related to bile acids and NAFLD published between 2002 and 2022 were obtained from the Science Citation Index-Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection. Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Bibliometric Online Analysis Platform were used to analyse the publication trends and research hotspots in this field. RESULTS Among the articles published between 2002 and 2022, we retrieved 1284 articles related to bile acids and NAFLD, and finally included 568 articles. The USA was dominant until 2020, after which China surpassed the USA to become the dominant force. These two countries cooperate the most closely, and are also the most active in international cooperation. The University of California (UCL) was the most published institution, with a total of 31 publications. There were six authors who have published nine articles and ranked first. The keywords cluster labels show the 10 main clusters: #0fatty liver, #1obeticholic acid, #2oxidative stress, #37 alpha hydroxy 4 cholesten 3 one, #4deoxycholic acid, #5nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, #6mouse model, #7fibroblast growth factor 21, #8animal models, #9high-fat diet. Keywords burst analysis revealed a higher intensity of study for the nuclear receptor, FXR, and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Bile acids have become an important research direction in the field of NAFLD, and the intervention of gut microbiota in NAFLD by acting on bile acids may become a potential hotspot for future research. This study provides reference and guidance for future research, and will help scholars better explore the field and innovatively discover the mechanisms and treatments of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Shibo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wang Sili
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Qiao Yanfang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Gu Shuxiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Liu Susu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Chai Xinlou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Zhang Yongsheng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongfang HospitalBeijingChina
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Rives C, Martin CMP, Evariste L, Polizzi A, Huillet M, Lasserre F, Alquier-Bacquie V, Perrier P, Gomez J, Lippi Y, Naylies C, Levade T, Sabourdy F, Remignon H, Fafournoux P, Chassaing B, Loiseau N, Guillou H, Ellero-Simatos S, Gamet-Payrastre L, Fougerat A. Dietary Amino Acid Source Elicits Sex-Specific Metabolic Response to Diet-Induced NAFLD in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300491. [PMID: 37888831 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a sexually dimorphic disease influenced by dietary factors. Here, the metabolic and hepatic effects of dietary amino acid (AA) source is assessed in Western diet (WD)-induced NAFLD in male and female mice. METHODS AND RESULTS The AA source is either casein or a free AA mixture mimicking the composition of casein. As expected, males fed a casein-based WD display glucose intolerance, fasting hyperglycemia, and insulin-resistance and develop NAFLD associated with changes in hepatic gene expression and microbiota dysbiosis. In contrast, males fed the AA-based WD show no steatosis, a similar gene expression profile as males fed a control diet, and a distinct microbiota composition compared to males fed a casein-based WD. Females are protected against WD-induced liver damage, hepatic gene expression, and gut microbiota changes regardless of the AA source. CONCLUSIONS Free dietary AA intake prevents the unhealthy metabolic outcomes of a WD preferentially in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Rives
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Céline Marie Pauline Martin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Lauris Evariste
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Marine Huillet
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Frédéric Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Valérie Alquier-Bacquie
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Prunelle Perrier
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Jelskey Gomez
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Claire Naylies
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- INSERM U1037, CRCT, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, 31059, France
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, 31300, France
| | - Frédérique Sabourdy
- INSERM U1037, CRCT, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, 31059, France
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, 31300, France
| | - Hervé Remignon
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
- INP-ENSAT, Toulouse University, Castanet-Tolosan, 31320, France
| | - Pierre Fafournoux
- INRAE center, Proteostasis Tim, Saint Genes Champanelle, 63122, France
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- INSERM U1016, Team "Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases", CNRS UMR10 8104, Paris Cité University, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
| | - Anne Fougerat
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, 31170, France
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Li X, Chen W, Ren J, Gao X, Zhao Y, Song T, Fu K, Zheng Y, Yang J. Effects of curcumin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A scientific metrogy study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155241. [PMID: 38128395 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases encountered in clinical practice. Curcumin can alleviate insulin resistance, inhibit oxidative stress response, reduce inflammation, reduce liver fat deposition, and effectively improve NAFLD through various modalities, inhibiting the progression into cirrhosis and fibrosis. PURPOSE To explore the current status, hot spots, and developing trends of curcumin in NAFLD treatment through quantitative scientific analysis to serve as a reference for subsequent studies. STUDY DESIGN A comprehensive analysis of the mechanism of action of curcumin in the treatment of NAFLD and methods to increase curcumin bioavailability using bibliometric analysis and literature review. METHODS This study used VOSviewer software to analyze the literature related to curcumin treatment of NAFLD in the Web of Science (WOS) core set database. A comprehensive and in-depth review was conducted based on the results of scientific econometric research and literature review. RESULTS The review observed that curcumin can activate various signaling pathways such as AMPK and NF-κB to inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis, thereby reflecting its pharmacological effects: lowering lipid, anti-inflammatory, reducing insulin resistance, and anti-fibrosis. These mechanisms improve or even reverse the complex pathological features of lipid metabolism disorders associated with NAFLD. Curcumin also can potentially serve as a primary regulatory target for treating hepatic steatosis using gut microbiota. However, these pharmacological effects of curcumin were limited owing to its low bioavailability. CONCLUSION This review discusses NAFLD treatment with curcumin, analyzes the reasons for its low bioavailability, and introduces models for studying and methods for improving curcumin bioavailability. As research on NAFLD grows, future research should capture the trend of basic research, pay attention to clinical research, and continuously explore the therapeutic potential of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiali Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xinchen Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tianbao Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kun Fu
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300120, China
| | - Yanchao Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Jinlong Yang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Zhang M, Xiao B, Chen X, Ou B, Wang S. Physical exercise plays a role in rebalancing the bile acids of enterohepatic axis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14065. [PMID: 38037846 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common diseases of lipid metabolism disorders, which is closely related to bile acids disorders and gut microbiota disorders. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and processed by gut microbiota in intestinal tract, and participate in metabolic regulation through the enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids not only promote the consumption and absorption of intestinal fat but also play an important role in biological metabolic signaling network, affecting fat metabolism and glucose metabolism. Studies have demonstrated that exercise plays an important role in regulating the composition and function of bile acid pool in enterohepatic axis, which maintains the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota. Exercise has been recommended by several health guidelines as the first-line intervention for patients with NAFLD. Can exercise alter bile acids through the microbiota in the enterohepatic axis? If so, regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy for NAFLD. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Therefore, in this review, we tried to review the relationship among NAFLD, physical exercise, bile acids, and gut microbiota through the existing data and literature, highlighting the role of physical exercise in rebalancing bile acid and microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bingming Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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庞 碧, 黄 娜, 黄 晓, 李 馨, 熊 文, 孔 波, 姚 焱. [Lithocholic acid decreases mRNA stability of nuclear receptor PPAR α by upregulating miR-21 expression in hepatoma HepG2 cells]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2023; 43:2086-2094. [PMID: 38189395 PMCID: PMC10774099 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory effects of lithocholic acid (LCA) on nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-alpha (PPARα) mRNA stability at the post-transcriptional level. METHODS PPARα 3'UTR luciferase reporter gene vectors were constructed and transfected into HepG2 cells to observe the changes in cellular luciferase activity in response to LCA treatments. Bioinformatic prediction and miRNA PCR array technique were used to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs induced by LCA and their potential binding sites on the 3'UTR. The binding sites (Mut1, Mut2 and Mut1+Mut2) were mutated to compare the changes in cellular luciferase activity following LCA treatment. Western blotting and RTqPCR were used to detect the activated signaling pathway and the expression levels of its downstream transcription factors in LCA-treated cells. The changes in PPARα protein expression level were detected in the cells following overexpression of the transcription factors. RESULTS Treatment with 100 μmol/L LCA significantly reduced luciferase activity of PPARα 3'UTR1 and 3'UTR2 in HepG2 cells by more than 50% (P<0.01) and induced significant upregulation of miR-21 and miR-22, especially the former (by 2.35 folds, P<0.05). Two predicted miR-21-binding sites in the 3'UTR1 were mutated to construct Mut1, Mut2 and Mut1+Mut2 reporter gene vectors. LCA treatment down-regulated 3'UTR1 luciferase activity by 51%, while Mut1, Mut2, and Mut1+Mut2 were down-regulated by 37%, 39%, and 13%, respectively. LCA caused ERK1/2 phosphorylation and activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and treatment with 100 μmol/L LCA upregulated the expression of transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1) by 5.83 folds (P<0.01). Transient overexpression of EGR1 significantly decreased cellular PPARα protein levels (P<0.05). CONCLUSION LCA reduces PPARα mRNA stability and thus decreases PPARα mRNA and protein expressions in hepatocytes by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and upregulating EGR1 and miR-21, which targets 3'UTR regulatory region of PPARα mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- 碧滢 庞
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 娜娜 黄
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 晓霞 黄
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 馨 李
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 文婷 熊
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 波 孔
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - 焱 姚
- />广州大学生命科学学院,广东 广州 510000School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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Yu G, Chen Q, Chen J, Liao X, Xie H, Zhao Y, Liu J, Sun J, Chen S. Gut microbiota alterations are associated with functional outcomes in patients of acute ischemic stroke with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1327499. [PMID: 38178834 PMCID: PMC10765497 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1327499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) frequently have poor prognosis. Many evidences suggested that the changes in gut microbiota may play an important role in the occurrence and development of AIS patients with NAFLD. The purpose of this study was to explore microbial characteristics in patients of AIS with NAFLD, and the correlation between gut microbiota and functional outcomes. Methods The patients of AIS were recruited and divided into NAFLD group and non-NAFLD group. The stool samples and clinical information were collected. 16 s rRNA sequencing was used to analyze the characteristics of gut microbiota. The patients of AIS with NAFLD were followed-up to evaluate the functional outcomes of disease. The adverse outcomes were determined by modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores at 3 months after stroke. The diagnostic performance of microbial marker in predicting adverse outcomes was assessed by recipient operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Our results showed that the composition of gut microbiota between non-NAFLD group and NAFLD group were different. The characteristic bacteria in the patients of AIS with NAFLD was that the relative abundance of Dorea, Dialister, Intestinibacter and Flavonifractor were decreased, while the relative abundance of Enorma was increased. Moreover, the characteristic microbiota was correlated with many clinical parameters, such as mRS scores, mean arterial pressure and fasting blood glucose level. In addition, ROC models based on the characteristic microbiota or the combination of characteristic microbiota with independent risk factors could distinguish functional dependence patients and functional independence patients in AIS with NAFLD (area under curve is 0.765 and 0.882 respectively). Conclusion These findings revealed the microbial characteristics in patients of AIS with NAFLD, and further demonstrated the predictive capability of characteristic microbiota for adverse outcomes in patients of AIS with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojie Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qionglei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolan Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huijia Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiting Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songfang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Pereira ENGDS, de Araujo BP, Rodrigues KL, Silvares RR, Guimarães FV, Martins CSM, Flores EEI, Silva PMRE, Daliry A. Cholesterol Exacerbates the Pathophysiology of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Upregulating Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 and Modulating Microcirculatory Dysfunction. Nutrients 2023; 15:5034. [PMID: 38140293 PMCID: PMC10745917 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is a pivotal lipotoxic molecule that contributes to the progression of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis NASH). Additionally, microcirculatory changes are critical components of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the role of cholesterol as an insult that modulates microcirculatory damage in NAFLD and the underlying mechanisms. The experimental model was established in male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for 39 weeks. Between weeks 31-39, 2% cholesterol was added to the HFHC diet in a subgroup of mice. Leukocyte recruitment and hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation in microcirculation were assessed using intravital microscopy. The hepatic microvascular blood flow (HMBF) was measured using laser speckle flowmetry. High cholesterol levels exacerbated hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and leukocyte recruitment compared to the HFHC group. In addition, cholesterol decreased the HMBF-cholesterol-induced activation of HSC and increased HIF1A expression in the liver. Furthermore, cholesterol promoted a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile with a Th1-type immune response (IFN-γ/IL-4). These findings suggest cholesterol exacerbates NAFLD progression through microcirculatory dysfunction and HIF1A upregulation through hypoxia and inflammation. This study highlights the importance of cholesterol-induced lipotoxicity, which causes microcirculatory dysfunction associated with NAFLD pathology, thus reinforcing the potential of lipotoxicity and microcirculation as therapeutic targets for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Nunes Goulart da Silva Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
| | - Beatriz Peres de Araujo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
| | - Karine Lino Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
| | - Raquel Rangel Silvares
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
| | - Fernanda Verdini Guimarães
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Souza Machado Martins
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
| | - Edgar Eduardo Ilaquita Flores
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
| | | | - Anissa Daliry
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (E.N.G.d.S.P.)
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Yan M, Man S, Sun B, Ma L, Guo L, Huang L, Gao W. Gut liver brain axis in diseases: the implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:443. [PMID: 38057297 PMCID: PMC10700720 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In the past few decades, breakthrough progress has been made in the gut liver brain axis, mainly through understanding its formation mechanism and increasing treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss various complex networks including barrier permeability, gut hormones, gut microbial metabolites, vagus nerve, neurotransmitters, immunity, brain toxic metabolites, β-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism, and epigenetic regulation in the gut-liver-brain axis. Some therapies containing antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), polyphenols, low FODMAP diet and nanotechnology application regulate the gut liver brain axis. Besides, some special treatments targeting gut-liver axis include farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) agonists, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonists and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) analogs. Targeting gut-brain axis embraces cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressants and tryptophan metabolism-related therapies. Targeting liver-brain axis contains epigenetic regulation and Aβ metabolism-related therapies. In the future, a better understanding of gut-liver-brain axis interactions will promote the development of novel preventative strategies and the discovery of precise therapeutic targets in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China.
| | - Benyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, China.
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Chen Y, Gan Y, Zhong H, Liu Y, Huang J, Wang W, Geng J. Gut microbe and hepatic macrophage polarization in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1285473. [PMID: 38125578 PMCID: PMC10731260 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic hepatic disorder with the potential to progress to hepatic fibrosis, hepatic cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Activation of hepatic macrophages, important innate immune cells predominantly composed of Kupffer cells, plays a pivotal role in NAFLD initiation and progression. Recent findings have underscored the regulatory role of microbes in both local and distal immune responses, including in the liver, emphasizing their contribution to NAFLD initiation and progression. Key studies have further revealed that gut microbes can penetrate the intestinal mucosa and translocate to the liver, thereby directly influencing hepatic macrophage polarization and NAFLD progression. In this review, we discuss recent evidence regarding the translocation of intestinal microbes into the liver, as well as their impact on hepatic macrophage polarization and associated cellular and molecular signaling pathways. Additionally, we summarize the potential mechanisms by which translocated microbes may activate hepatic macrophages and accelerate NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yumeng Gan
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huijie Zhong
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yincong Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingdi Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenxue Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiawei Geng
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Fu Y, Yu B, Yang B, Pan J, Feng C, Jia P, Zeng H, Yang S. Association between chronotype and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in employed adults: A longitudinal study in Southwestern China. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1557-1565. [PMID: 38012067 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2285316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The circadian system is an essential physiological regulator of mammals, and sleep chronotype may be associated with the risk of metabolic disorders. However, evidence regarding the role of sleep chronotype in the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is scarce, particularly in employed adults. We conducted a longitudinal study of 1,309 employed adults in Southwestern China with a five-year follow-up from 2017 to 2021. MAFLD was assessed by the presence of hepatic steatosis using abdominal ultrasonography, overweight/obese status, diabetes mellitus, metabolic dysregulation, or elevation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Chronotype was assessed by the Morning and Evening Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5). The logistic random effects model was applied to analyze the 5-year panel data to estimate the association between chronotype and MAFLD, and the potential effect modification of demographics on such association. The MAFLD prevalence of participants was 38.6% at baseline and showed an increasing trend during follow-up (p for trends < 0.05). Compared with morning chronotype, evening chronotype was positively associated with MAFLD (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: [1.09, 4.40]) after controlled for covariates. Age, sex, ethnicity, and educational level did not modify the association between chronotype and MAFLD. These findings suggest that improving circadian rhythms could reduce the risk of MAFLD and chronic disease burden among employed adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Pan
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanteng Feng
- Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University-The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglian Zeng
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Yang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Health (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Chai C, Chen L, Deng MG, Liang Y, Liu F, Nie JQ. Dietary choline intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:1160-1166. [PMID: 37634048 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether there is an association between dietary choline intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in American adults remains unclear. METHODS Data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018. Choline intake was defined by the mean amounts of two 24 h dietary recalls, and choline intake was categorized into three groups according to the quartiles: inadequate ( P75). Hepatic steatosis was assessed with FibroScan®, in which VCTE was employed with controlled attenuation to derive the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and NAFLD was defined as a CAP score ≥285 dB/m. Multivariable linear regression was performed to assess the linear relationship between choline intake and CAP. Multivariable logistics regression models were conducted to assess the association between choline intake status and NAFLD in the final sample and subgroup analysis was then performed in men and women. RESULTS The amount of dietary choline was inversely associated with CAP score (β = -0.262, 95% CI: -0.280, -0.245). Compared to inadequate choline intake, optimal choline intake was related to a lower risk of NAFLD (OR: 0.705, 95% CI: 0.704-0.706) in the final sample. Subgroup analysis by gender revealed that the highest choline intake status was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD both in females (OR: 0.764, 95% CI: 0.762-0.766), and males (OR: 0.955, 95% CI: 0.953-0.958) when compared to the lowest choline intake. CONCLUSIONS With the latest NHANES data, we found that higher dietary choline was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD in American adults, and such a relationship exists in both females and males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chai
- Emergency Center, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Resuscitation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Emergency Department, Xiantao First People's Hospital Affiliated to Changjiang University, Xiantao, China
| | - Ming-Gang Deng
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuehui Liang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jia-Qi Nie
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Shou D, Luo Q, Tang W, Cao C, Huang H, Chen H, Zhou Y. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Multi-donor fecal microbiota transplantation attenuated high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice by remodeling the gut microbiota. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:2195-2205. [PMID: 37787118 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can improve the symptoms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by restoring the gut microbiota. This study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of single-donor (SD) or multi-donor (MD) FMT in a mouse model of hepatic steatosis and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from NAFLD patients and healthy controls with similar baseline characteristics, with gut microbiota analyzed. Mice were fed either a normal-chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks and then administered fecal microbiota collected from healthy SDs or MDs for 12 weeks. RESULTS Fecal samples from NAFLD patients showed significantly lower microbial diversity than those from healthy controls. MD-FMT reduced liver fat accumulation and body weight and significantly improved serum and liver biochemical indices in HFD-fed mice. Compared to untreated HFD-fed mice, MD-FMT significantly decreased the relative expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β mRNAs in the liver. The relative protein level of intestinal barrier components, including claudin-1, occludin, and E-cadherin, as well as serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level in mice, were found to be improved following MD-FMT intervention. Furthermore, FMT reversed HFD-induced gut dysbiosis and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Blautia and Akkermansia. CONCLUSION NAFLD patients and healthy controls showed distinct gut microbiota. Likewise, HFD altered gut microbiota in mice compared to NCD-fed controls. MD-FMT restored gut dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice and attenuated liver steatosis, and should be considered as an effective treatment option for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwen Shou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingling Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangyu Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Pan H, Liu B, Luo X, Shen X, Sun J, Zhang A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease risk prediction model and health management strategies for older Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:205. [PMID: 38007441 PMCID: PMC10675849 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver condition that affects a quarter of the global adult population. To date, only a few NAFLD risk prediction models have been developed for Chinese older adults aged ≥ 60 years. This study presented the development of a risk prediction model for NAFLD in Chinese individuals aged ≥ 60 years and proposed personalised health interventions based on key risk factors to reduce NAFLD incidence among the population. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 9,041 community residents in Shanghai. Three NAFLD risk prediction models (I, II, and III) were constructed using multivariate logistic regression analysis based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis, and random forest model to select individual characteristics, respectively. To determine the optimal model, the three models' discrimination, calibration, clinical application, and prediction capability were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot, decision curve analysis, and net reclassification index (NRI), respectively. To evaluate the optimal model's effectiveness, the previously published NAFLD risk prediction models (Hepatic steatosis index [HSI] and ZJU index) were evaluated using the following five indicators: accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and balanced accuracy. A dynamic nomogram was constructed for the optimal model, and a Bayesian network model for predicting NAFLD risk in older adults was visually displayed using Netica software. RESULTS The area under the ROC curve of Models I, II, and III in the training dataset was 0.810, 0.826, and 0.825, respectively, and that of the testing data was 0.777, 0.797, and 0.790, respectively. No significant difference was found in the accuracy or NRI between the models; therefore, Model III with the fewest variables was determined as the optimal model. Compared with the HSI and ZJU index, Model III had the highest accuracy (0.716), precision (0.808), recall (0.605), F1 score (0.692), and balanced accuracy (0.723). The risk threshold for Model III was 20%-80%. Model III included body mass index, alanine aminotransferase level, triglyceride level, and lymphocyte count. CONCLUSIONS A dynamic nomogram and Bayesian network model were developed to identify NAFLD risk in older Chinese adults, providing personalized health management strategies and reducing NAFLD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baocheng Liu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre of Health Service in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Shen
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Jijia Sun
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Filipovic B, Marjanovic-Haljilji M, Mijac D, Lukic S, Kapor S, Kapor S, Starcevic A, Popovic D, Djokovic A. Molecular Aspects of MAFLD-New Insights on Pathogenesis and Treatment. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9132-9148. [PMID: 37998750 PMCID: PMC10669943 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated liver disease (MAFLD) affects up to 70% of overweight and more than 90% of morbidly obese people, and its pathogenesis is rather complex and multifactorial. The criteria for MAFLD include the presence of hepatic steatosis in addition to one of the following three criteria: overweight or obesity, presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or evidence of metabolic dysregulation. If the specific criteria are present, the diagnosis of MAFLD can be made regardless of alcohol consumption and previous liver disease. The pathophysiological mechanisms of MAFLD, including inflammation, lipotoxicity, mitochondrial disfunction, and oxidative stress, as well as the impact of intestinal gut microbiota, are constantly being elucidated. Treatment strategies that are continually emerging are based on different key points in MAFLD pathogenesis. Yet, the ideal therapeutic option has still not been found and future research is of great importance, as MAFLD represents a multisystemic disease with numerous complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Filipovic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Marija Marjanovic-Haljilji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (D.P.)
| | - Dragana Mijac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana Lukic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suncica Kapor
- Department of Hematology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Slobodan Kapor
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Anatomy “Niko Miljanic”, Dr Subotica Starijeg 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Starcevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Institute of Anatomy “Niko Miljanic”, Dr Subotica Starijeg 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Popovic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, Heroja Milana Tepica 1, 11020 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.F.); (D.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Djokovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica Starijeg 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (S.L.); (S.K.); (A.S.); (A.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical and Hospital Center “Bezanijska Kosa”, Dr Zorza Matea s/n, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Lin YP, Fang QL, Fu SN, Li XP, Shi R, Du CH, Qiao X, Yin XQ, Zeng YC, Zhao XJ, Hua Y. The alleviating effect of Scutellaria amoena extract on the regulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites in NASH rats by inhibiting the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1143785. [PMID: 38026986 PMCID: PMC10660680 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1143785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Scutellaria amoena (SA) is the root of S. amoena C.H. Wright of Labiatae, also known as Scutellaria southwestern. This is mainly distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou in China. In southwest China, SA is used as an alternative method to genuine medicine for the treatment of allergy, diarrhea, inflammation, hepatitis, and bronchitis. Thus far, studies on the effects of SA on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are lacking. This paper investigated the effect of SA on the regulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites in NASH rats by inhibiting the NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3)/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC)/caspase-1 axis. Methods: A NASH rat model was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, and rats were orally given different doses of SA extracts (150 and 300 mg/kg/d) for 6 weeks. Changes in histological parameters, body weight, organ indexes, cytokines, and biochemical parameters related to NLRP3 in NASH rats were checked. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and UPLC-MS/MS technology were used to analyze the changes in the gut microbiota composition and its metabolites in NASH rats. Results: SA significantly inhibited the HFD-induced increase in body weight, lipid levels, and inflammatory infiltration. SA notably inhibited the HFD-induced increase in the upper and lower factors of NLRP3, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, pro-IL-18, IL-1β, pro-IL-1β, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1. Additionally, mRNA expressions of caspase-1, NLRP3, and ASC were significantly downregulated after SA treatment. The results of the intestinal flora showed that SA could increase the diversity of flora and change its structure and composition in NASH rats by reducing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, Blautia (genus), Lachospiraceae (family), and Christensenellaceae R-7 group (genus), and increasing Muribaculaceae (family) and Bacteroides (genus). The metabolomics revealed that 24 metabolites were possibly the key metabolites for SA to regulate the metabolic balance of NASH rats, including chenodeoxycholic acid, xanthine, and 9-OxoODE. Nine metabolic pathways were identified, including primary bile acid biosynthesis, bile secretion, purine metabolism, and secondary bile acid biosynthesis. Conclusion: SA can regulate the intestinal microbial balance and metabolic disorder by inhibiting the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis to relieve NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Lin
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qiong-Lian Fang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Fu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xin-Ping Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng-Hong Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xun-Qing Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Hua
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Fa P, Ke BG, Dupre A, Tsung A, Zhang H. The implication of neutrophil extracellular traps in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292679. [PMID: 38022519 PMCID: PMC10652891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an expanding worldwide health concern, and the underlying mechanisms contributing to its progression still need further exploration. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are intricate formations comprised of nuclear constituents and diverse antimicrobial granules that are released into the extracellular milieu by activated neutrophils upon various triggers, which play a pivotal part in the onset and advancement of NAFLD. NETs actively participate in the genesis of NAFLD by fostering oxidative stress and inflammation, ultimately resulting in hepatic fat accumulation and the escalation of liver injury. Recent insights into the interaction with other hepatic immune populations and mediators, such as macrophages and T regulatory cells, have revealed several important mechanisms that can trigger further liver injury. In conclusion, the formation of NETs emerged as an important factor in the development of NAFLD, offering a promising target for innovative therapeutic approaches against this debilitating condition. This comprehensive review seeks to compile existing studies exploring the involvement of NETs in the genesis of NAFLD and their influence on the immune response throughout the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Fa
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Benjamin G. Ke
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Abigail Dupre
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Borka Balas R, Meliț LE, Lupu A, Lupu VV, Mărginean CO. Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Synbiotics-A Research Hotspot for Pediatric Obesity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2651. [PMID: 38004665 PMCID: PMC10672778 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major public health problem worldwide with an increasing prevalence, associated not only with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but also with psychosocial problems. Gut microbiota is a new factor in childhood obesity, which can modulate the blood lipopolysaccharide levels, the satiety, and fat distribution, and can ensure additional calories to the host. The aim of this review was to assess the differences and the impact of the gut microbial composition on several obesity-related complications such as metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, or insulin resistance. Early dysbiosis was proven to be associated with an increased predisposition to obesity. Depending on the predominant species, the gut microbiota might have either a positive or negative impact on the development of obesity. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics were suggested to have a positive effect on improving the gut microbiota and reducing cardio-metabolic risk factors. The results of clinical trials regarding probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic administration in children with metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, and insulin resistance are controversial. Some of them (Lactobacillus rhamnosus bv-77, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Bifidobacterium animalis) were proven to reduce the body mass index in obese children, and also improve the blood lipid content; others (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Enterococcus faecium, and fructo-oligosaccharides) failed in proving any effect on lipid parameters and glucose metabolism. Further studies are necessary for understanding the mechanism of the gut microbiota in childhood obesity and for developing low-cost effective strategies for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Borka Balas
- Department of Pediatrics I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (R.B.B.); (C.O.M.)
| | - Lorena Elena Meliț
- Department of Pediatrics I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (R.B.B.); (C.O.M.)
| | - Ancuța Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr. T. Popa Iași, Universității Street No 16, 700115 Iași, Romania; (A.L.); (V.V.L.)
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr. T. Popa Iași, Universității Street No 16, 700115 Iași, Romania; (A.L.); (V.V.L.)
| | - Cristina Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (R.B.B.); (C.O.M.)
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Ni Y, Wang X, Wu Q, Yao Y, Xu Y, Li Y, Feng Q, Zhou M, Gou X. Qushi Huayu decoction ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats by modulating gut microbiota and serum lipids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1272214. [PMID: 37900123 PMCID: PMC10600383 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1272214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial disease. As a clinical empirical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, Qushi Huayu decoction (QHD) has attracted considerable attention for its advantages in multi-target treatment of NAFLD. However, the intervention mechanism of QHD on abnormal lipid levels and gut microbiota in NAFLD has not been reported. Methods Therefore, we verified the therapeutic effect of QHD on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in rats by physiological parameters and histopathological examination. In addition, studies on gut microbiota and serum lipidomics based on 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) were conducted to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of NAFLD in QHD. Results The changes in gut microbiota in NAFLD rats are mainly reflected in their diversity and composition, while QHD treated rats restored these changes. The genera Blautia, Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, Lachnoclostridium and Bacteroides were predominant in the NAFLD group, whereas, Turicibacter, Blautia, Sporosarcina, Romboutsia, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Allobaculum, and Psychrobacter were predominant in the NAFLD+QHD group. Lipid subclasses, including diacylglycerol (DG), triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), were significantly different between the NAFLD and the control groups, while QHD treatment significantly altered the levels of DG, TG, PA, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), and platelet activating factor (PAF). Finally, Spearman's correlation analysis showed that NAFLD related differential lipid molecules were mainly associated with the genera of Bacteroides, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Turicibacter, which were also significantly correlated with the biological parameters of NAFLD. Discussion Taken together, QHD may exert beneficial effects by regulating the gut microbiota and thus intervening in serum lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ni
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Yao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang T, Gao H, Fan Y, Chen S, Li Y, Liu R, Li T, Yin C. Gut microbiota disorder induces liver dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome rats' model by regulating metabolite rosmarinic acid. Life Sci 2023; 330:121912. [PMID: 37423380 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aims to investigate the impact of the gut microbiota and serum metabolites on the regulation of liver dysfunction in PCOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS PCOS rat models were established by treating Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with DHEA (an androgen, 60 mg/kg) and LET (a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor, 1 mg/kg) for 90 days. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E), Western blotting, and radioimmunoassay were employed to test ovarian and liver functions. Gut microbiome and serum metabolites were assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics, respectively. The association between gut microbiota and serum metabolites was examined using Spearman analysis. Finally, using HepG2 cells to investigate the function of the serum metabolite rosmarinic acid (RA). KEY FINDINGS Both Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and letrozole (LET) treatments induced a PCOS phenotype and liver dysfunction. However, LET resulted in more severe lipid accumulation and liver cell apoptosis than DHEA. 16S rRNA sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed significant differences in beta diversity and serum metabolite profiles among the three groups. Furthermore, among the significantly changed metabolites, RA was found to have a significant correlation with the levels of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and could promote HepG2 cell apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE Restoring gut microbiota, altering serum metabolites and/or decreasing RA may provide a new insight to treat this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yali Fan
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Shuya Chen
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Tianhe Li
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China.
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China.
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Xu M, Wu T, Li Z, Xin G. Influence of genetically predicted autoimmune diseases on NAFLD. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1229570. [PMID: 37767101 PMCID: PMC10520707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1229570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the emerging cause of end-stage liver disease, is the most common liver disease. Determining the independent risk factors of NAFLD and patients who need more monitoring is important. Methods Two-Sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed in the analysis to investigate the causal association of different autoimmune diseases with NAFLD using summary level data. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 5 autoimmune diseases including celiac disease (CeD), Crohn's disease (CD), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and type 1 diabetes (T1D) were selected for Instrument variables (IVs). NAFLD was included as outcome. Result After adjusting for confounding factors, genetic predisposition of CeD (OR= 0.973, [0.949,0.997], IVW p-value=0.026), MS (OR= 1.048, [1.012,1.085], IVW p-value= 0.008), RA (OR= 1.036, [1.006,1.066], IVW p-value=0.019), T1D (OR= 1.039, [1.002,1.079], IVW p-value= 0.041) is causally associated with NAFLD. No causal effect was found between CD and NAFLD. Conclusion CeD itself may be a protective factor for NAFLD, the results of previous observational studies have been influenced by confounding factors, and the morbidity of NAFLD may be higher in patients with MS, RA, and T1D than in common populations, and monitoring the prevalence of NAFLD in these populations is considerable.
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Zhenyu L, Ying W, Zhuang T, Yongchao X, Kim J. Exercise-mediated macrophage polarization modulates the targeted therapeutic effect of NAFLD: a review. Phys Act Nutr 2023; 27:10-16. [PMID: 37946441 PMCID: PMC10636506 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2023.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims to explore the exercise-mediated hepatic macrophage polarization mechanism and its effect on improving and regulating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by analyzing the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the cause of the influence of hepatic macrophage polarization. In addition to exploring the varied effects of different exercise types on macrophage polarization regulation in NAFLD, to provide a direction and basis for the treatment of NAFLD. METHODS The research methodology involved a comprehensive search of the PubMed database using specific keywords such as "NAFLD", "macrophage polarization", and "exercise", to retrieve relevant literature published. RESULTS (1) The main factors inducing NAFLD were high-fat diet, obesity, insulin resistance (IR), changes in gut microbiota, and genetic variation in susceptibility. (2) Drug treatment, nutrient induction, microfactor induction, physiological environment induction, and other factors can induce the polarization of hepatic macrophages and affect NAFLD. (3) Different intensities, types, and frequencies of exercise have different effects on polarization macrophages, and may also differently effects improving liver inflammation, fibrosis, and NAFLD. Curently, regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is the most effective therapy for treating NAFLD. CONCLUSION Approaches to ameliorate NAFLD with exercise involve strategies to alter macrophage polarization by inhibiting M1 or driving M2 activation. However, research on the different types of exercise-mediated macrophage polarization mechanisms and differences in therapeutic effects is not yet sufficient. Future research is necessary to explore the exact mechanisms and differences in the effects of different exercises on the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhenyu
- Department of Sport Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang Ying
- Department of Sport Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tian Zhuang
- Department of Sport Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xie Yongchao
- Department of Sport Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheol Kim
- Department of Sport Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Backer S, Khanna D. The Lasting Effects of COVID-19 on the Progression of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Cureus 2023; 15:e45231. [PMID: 37842470 PMCID: PMC10576539 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that around 30% of the population living in Western countries has metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a spectrum of pathology (not attributed to alcohol/substance intake) initiated by steatosis and progression toward inflammation and irreversible fibrosis metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). With inflammation being a key component of the transition to MASH, it raises the question of whether the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has notoriously induced hyperinflammatory states, may influence the progression of MASLD. Specifically, it remains unclear if the potential chronic sequelae of COVID-19 in patients who recovered from it may increase the predisposition for MASH. Since MASH maintains a high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma, liver failure, and the need for a liver transplant, the potential additive effects of COVID-19 could prove critical to study. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct a literature review to examine if COVID-19 could have chronic sequelae that affect the progression of MASLD pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that severe cases of COVID-19 could induce systemic inflammation, metabolic changes, and lasting gut microbiome alterations that lead to inflammatory and fibrotic changes in the liver, similar to those seen in MASH. A scoping review of the literature was conducted utilizing the PubMed database. Studies that examined hepatobiliary pathology, gut microbiome, systemic inflammation, metabolic changes, drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and hypoxia seen in COVID-19 were included. Human studies of adult cohorts, animal models, and in vitro experiments were included. Genetic components of MASLD were not examined. Exclusion criteria also encompassed any studies not referencing the hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal tract, portal system, or systemic circulation. Findings indicated a frequent trend of elevated liver enzymes, mild steatosis, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, and hepatobiliary congestion. It was found that direct cytopathic effects on hepatocytes were unlikely, but the direct viral insult of cholangiocytes was a potential complication. High serum levels of IL-1, TNF-a, and MCP-1, in COVID-19 were found as potential risk factors for MASH development. Hypoxia, altered lipid metabolism, and iatrogenic DILI were also proposed as potential precipitators of MASH development. Notably, lasting changes in gut microbiome were also frequently observed and correlated closely with those seen in MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Backer
- Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clearwater, USA
| | - Deepesh Khanna
- Foundational Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Clearwater, USA
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