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Abdelhamid AH, Mantawy EM, Said RS, El-Demerdash E. Neuroprotective effects of saxagliptin against radiation-induced cognitive impairment: Insights on Akt/CREB/SIRT1/BDNF signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 489:116994. [PMID: 38857790 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Radiation-induced cognitive impairment has recently fueled scientific interest with an increasing prevalence of cancer patients requiring whole brain irradiation (WBI) in their treatment algorithm. Saxagliptin (SAXA), a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, has exhibited competent neuroprotective effects against varied neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, this study aimed at examining the efficacy of SAXA in alleviating WBI-induced cognitive deficits. Male Sprague Dawley rats were distributed into control group, WBI group exposed to 20 Gy ϒ-radiation, SAXA group treated for three weeks with SAXA (10 mg/kg. orally, once daily), and WBI/SAXA group exposed to 20 Gy ϒ-radiation then treated with SAXA (10 mg/kg. orally, once daily). SAXA effectively reversed memory deterioration and motor dysfunction induced by 20 Gy WBI during behavioural tests and preserved normal histological architecture of the hippocampal tissues of irradiated rats. Mechanistically, SAXA inhibited WBI-induced hippocampal oxidative stress via decreasing lipid peroxidation while restoring catalase antioxidant activity. Moreover, SAXA abrogated radiation-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis through downregulating proapoptotic Bcl-2 Associated X-protein (Bax) and upregulating antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expressions and eventually diminishing expression of cleaved caspase 3. Furthermore, SAXA boosted hippocampal neurogenesis by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. These valuable neuroprotective capabilities of SAXA were linked to activating protein kinase B (Akt), and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) along with elevating the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1). SAXA successfully mitigated cognitive dysfunction triggered by WBI, attenuated oxidative injury, and neuronal apoptosis, and enhanced neurogenesis through switching on Akt/CREB/BDNF/SIRT-1 signaling axes. Such fruitful neurorestorative effects of SAXA provide an innovative therapeutic strategy for improving the cognitive capacity of cancer patients exposed to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrakt H Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Mantawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham S Said
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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2
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Toprani SM, Scheibler C, Mordukhovich I, McNeely E, Nagel ZD. Cosmic Ionizing Radiation: A DNA Damaging Agent That May Underly Excess Cancer in Flight Crews. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7670. [PMID: 39062911 PMCID: PMC11277465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration has officially classified flight crews (FC) consisting of commercial pilots, cabin crew, or flight attendants as "radiation workers" since 1994 due to the potential for cosmic ionizing radiation (CIR) exposure at cruising altitudes originating from solar activity and galactic sources. Several epidemiological studies have documented elevated incidence and mortality for several cancers in FC, but it has not yet been possible to establish whether this is attributable to CIR. CIR and its constituents are known to cause a myriad of DNA lesions, which can lead to carcinogenesis unless DNA repair mechanisms remove them. But critical knowledge gaps exist with regard to the dosimetry of CIR, the role of other genotoxic exposures among FC, and whether possible biological mechanisms underlying higher cancer rates observed in FC exist. This review summarizes our understanding of the role of DNA damage and repair responses relevant to exposure to CIR in FC. We aimed to stimulate new research directions and provide information that will be useful for guiding regulatory, public health, and medical decision-making to protect and mitigate the risks for those who travel by air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh M. Toprani
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Christopher Scheibler
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Irina Mordukhovich
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
- Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eileen McNeely
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
- Sustainability and Health Initiative (SHINE), Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zachary D. Nagel
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (C.S.); (I.M.); (E.M.)
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3
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Shi J, Tian F, Ren J, Li R, Yang M, Li W. Diesel exhaust particulate matter induces GC-1 spg cells oxidative stress by KEAP1-NRF2 pathway and inhibition of ATP5α1 S-sulfhydration. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114746. [PMID: 38768936 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure induces a variety of toxicological effects through oxidative stress and inflammation responses. This research investigated the mechanisms underlying DEP-induced GC-1spg cells oxidative stress by examining ROS accumulation, antioxidant defense systems activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 pathway response. Subsequently, we further evaluated the ATP levels, ATP5α synthase activity and ATP5α synthase S-sulfhydrated modification in DEP-exposed GC-1 spg cells. The results showed that DEP exposure significantly inhibited cell proliferation and viability, increased intracellular ROS production, decreased MMP, down-regulated antioxidant capacity, activated the Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 pathway. However, DEP-induced oxidative stress was partially alleviated by GSH and exogenous H2S. In addition, DEP exposure induced ATP depletion and ATP5α synthase inactivity in GC-1 spg cells, accompanied by ATP5α synthase S-sulfhydrated modification. In conclusion, our research showed that DEP may incapacitate mitochondria through oxidative stress injury, leading to GC-1 spg cells oxidative stress. This process may be associated with the reduction of ATP5α1 S-sulfhydrated modification. It provides a new perspective for the research of the mechanism related to male reproductive toxicity due to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drugs and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fang Tian
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drugs and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianke Ren
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drugs and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Runsheng Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drugs and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mingjun Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drugs and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Reproductive Health Drugs and Devices, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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4
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Gościniak A, Formanowicz D, Cielecka-Piontek J. Natural Guardians: Natural Compounds as Radioprotectors in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6937. [PMID: 39000045 PMCID: PMC11241526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with millions of deaths attributed to it annually. Radiotherapy, a cornerstone in cancer treatment, aims to destroy cancer cells while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. However, the harmful effects of irradiation on normal cells present a formidable obstacle. To mitigate these effects, researchers have explored using radioprotectors and mitigators, including natural compounds derived from secondary plant metabolites. This review outlines the diverse classes of natural compounds, elucidating their roles as protectants of healthy cells. Furthermore, the review highlights the potential of these compounds as radioprotective agents capable of enhancing the body's resilience to radiation therapy. By integrating natural radioprotectors into cancer treatment regimens, clinicians may improve therapeutic outcomes while minimizing the adverse effects on healthy tissues. Ongoing research in this area holds promise for developing complementary strategies to optimize radiotherapy efficacy and enhance patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Gościniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (A.G.)
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.-K.); (A.G.)
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R, Tan DX, Chuffa LGDA, da Silva DGH, Slominski AT, Steinbrink K, Kleszczynski K. Dual sources of melatonin and evidence for different primary functions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1414463. [PMID: 38808108 PMCID: PMC11130361 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1414463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This article discusses data showing that mammals, including humans, have two sources of melatonin that exhibit different functions. The best-known source of melatonin, herein referred to as Source #1, is the pineal gland. In this organ, melatonin production is circadian with maximal synthesis and release into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid occurring during the night. Of the total amount of melatonin produced in mammals, we speculate that less than 5% is synthesized by the pineal gland. The melatonin rhythm has the primary function of influencing the circadian clock at the level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the CSF melatonin) and the clockwork in all peripheral organs (the blood melatonin) via receptor-mediated actions. A second source of melatonin (Source # 2) is from multiple tissues throughout the body, probably being synthesized in the mitochondria of these cells. This constitutes the bulk of the melatonin produced in mammals and is concerned with metabolic regulation. This review emphasizes the action of melatonin from peripheral sources in determining re-dox homeostasis, but it has other critical metabolic effects as well. Extrapineal melatonin synthesis does not exhibit a circadian rhythm and it is not released into the blood but acts locally in its cell of origin and possibly in a paracrine matter on adjacent cells. The factors that control/influence melatonin synthesis at extrapineal sites are unknown. We propose that the concentration of melatonin in these cells is determined by the subcellular redox state and that melatonin synthesis may be inducible under stressful conditions as in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio TX, United States
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Applied Biomedical Sciences, University of the Incarnate Word, School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio TX, United States
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almieda Chuffa
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Setor de Anatomia - Instituto de Biociências, IBB/UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Grunig Humberto da Silva
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- US and Pathology Laboratory Service, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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6
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Spadella MA, Silva EJR, Chies AB, Almeida LAD. Insights Into Antioxidant Strategies to Counteract Radiation-Induced Male Infertility. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:776-801. [PMID: 37917108 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Radiotherapy, which employs ionizing radiation to destroy or prevent the multiplication of tumor cells, has been increasingly used in the treatment of neoplastic diseases, especially cancers. However, radiation collaterally leads to prolonged periods of sperm count suppression, presumably due to impaired spermatogenesis by depleting the germ cell pool, which has long-term side effects for male reproduction. Recent Advances: Studies of antioxidant compounds as a potential strategy for male fertility preservation have been performed mainly from animal models, aiming to prevent and restore the male germinal tissue and its function, particularly against the oxidative stress effects of radiation. Evidence in preclinical and clinical trials has shown that inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other drugs, such as statins and metformin, are candidates for ameliorating radiation-induced damage to several tissues, including the testis and prostate. Critical Issues: Research for developing an ideal radioprotective agent is challenging due to toxicity in the normal tissue, tumor radioresistance, cellular response to radiation, costs, regulation, and timeline development. Moreover, male radioprotection experiments in humans, mainly clinical trials, are scarce and use few individuals. This scenario is reflected in the slow progress of innovation in the radioprotection field. Future Directions: Expanding human studies to provide clues on the efficacy and safety of radioprotective compounds in the human reproductive system is necessary. Drug repurposing, frequently used in clinical practice, can be a way to shorten the development pipeline for innovative approaches for radioprotection or radiomitigation of the repercussions of radiotherapy in the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erick J R Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo Bruno Chies
- Laboratory of Pharmacology; Marília Medical School-Famema, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tiwari K, Tripathi S, Mahra S, Mathew S, Rana S, Tripathi DK, Sharma S. Carrier-based delivery system of phytohormones in plants: stepping outside of the ordinary. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14387. [PMID: 38925551 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is increasing the stresses on crops, resulting in reduced productivity and further augmenting global food security issues. The dynamic climatic conditions are a severe threat to the sustainability of the ecosystems. The role of technology in enhancing agricultural produce with the minimum environmental impact is hence crucial. Active molecule/Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are molecules helping plants' growth, development, and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, their degradation, leaching in surrounding soil and ground water, as well as the assessment of the correct dose of application etc., are some of the technical disadvantages faced. They can be resolved by encapsulation/loading of PGRs on polymer matrices. Micro/nanoencapsulation is a revolutionary tool to deliver bioactive compounds in an economically affordable and environmentally friendly way. Carrier-based smart delivery systems could be a better alternative to PGRs application in the agriculture field than conventional methods (e.g., spraying). The physiochemical properties and release kinetics of PGRs from the encapsulating system are being explored. Therefore, the present review emphasizes the current status of PGRs encapsulation approach and their potential benefits to plants. This review also addressed the mechanistic action of carrier-based delivery systems for release, which may aid in developing smart delivery systems with specific tailored properties in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP, India
| | - Sneha Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP, India
| | - Shivani Mahra
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP, India
| | - Sobhitha Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP, India
| | - Shweta Rana
- Department of Physical and Natural Sciences, FLAME University Pune, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, UP, India
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Kim TK, Slominski RM, Pyza E, Kleszczynski K, Tuckey RC, Reiter RJ, Holick MF, Slominski AT. Evolutionary formation of melatonin and vitamin D in early life forms: insects take centre stage. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38686544 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin, a product of tryptophan metabolism via serotonin, is a molecule with an indole backbone that is widely produced by bacteria, unicellular eukaryotic organisms, plants, fungi and all animal taxa. Aside from its role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, it has diverse biological actions including regulation of cytoprotective responses and other functions crucial for survival across different species. The latter properties are also shared by its metabolites including kynuric products generated by reactive oxygen species or phototransfomation induced by ultraviolet radiation. Vitamins D and related photoproducts originate from phototransformation of ∆5,7 sterols, of which 7-dehydrocholesterol and ergosterol are examples. Their ∆5,7 bonds in the B ring absorb solar ultraviolet radiation [290-315 nm, ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation] resulting in B ring opening to produce previtamin D, also referred to as a secosteroid. Once formed, previtamin D can either undergo thermal-induced isomerization to vitamin D or absorb UVB radiation to be transformed into photoproducts including lumisterol and tachysterol. Vitamin D, as well as the previtamin D photoproducts lumisterol and tachysterol, are hydroxylated by cyochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to produce biologically active hydroxyderivatives. The best known of these is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) for which the major function in vertebrates is regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Herein we review data on melatonin production and metabolism and discuss their functions in insects. We discuss production of previtamin D and vitamin D, and their photoproducts in fungi, plants and insects, as well as mechanisms for their enzymatic activation and suggest possible biological functions for them in these groups of organisms. For the detection of these secosteroids and their precursors and photoderivatives, as well as melatonin metabolites, we focus on honey produced by bees and on body extracts of Drosophila melanogaster. Common biological functions for melatonin derivatives and secosteroids such as cytoprotective and photoprotective actions in insects are discussed. We provide hypotheses for the photoproduction of other secosteroids and of kynuric metabolites of melatonin, based on the known photobiology of ∆5,7 sterols and of the indole ring, respectively. We also offer possible mechanisms of actions for these unique molecules and summarise differences and similarities of melatoninergic and secosteroidogenic pathways in diverse organisms including insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Radomir M Slominski
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Konrad Kleszczynski
- Department of Dermatology, Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, Münster, 48161, Germany
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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9
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Smorodin E, Chuzmarov V, Veidebaum T. The Potential of Integrative Cancer Treatment Using Melatonin and the Challenge of Heterogeneity in Population-Based Studies: A Case Report of Colon Cancer and a Literature Review. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:1994-2023. [PMID: 38668052 PMCID: PMC11049198 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional hormone regulator that maintains homeostasis through circadian rhythms, and desynchronization of these rhythms can lead to gastrointestinal disorders and increase the risk of cancer. Preliminary clinical studies have shown that exogenous melatonin alleviates the harmful effects of anticancer therapy and improves quality of life, but the results are still inconclusive due to the heterogeneity of the studies. A personalized approach to testing clinical parameters and response to integrative treatment with nontoxic and bioavailable melatonin in patient-centered N-of-1 studies deserves greater attention. This clinical case of colon cancer analyzes and discusses the tumor pathology, the adverse effects of chemotherapy, and the dynamics of markers of inflammation (NLR, LMR, and PLR ratios), tumors (CEA, CA 19-9, and PSA), and hemostasis (D-dimer and activated partial thromboplastin time). The patient took melatonin during and after chemotherapy, nutrients (zinc, selenium, vitamin D, green tea, and taxifolin), and aspirin after chemotherapy. The patient's PSA levels decreased during CT combined with melatonin (19 mg/day), and melatonin normalized inflammatory markers and alleviated symptoms of polyneuropathy but did not help with thrombocytopenia. The results are analyzed and discussed in the context of the literature on oncostatic and systemic effects, alleviating therapy-mediated adverse effects, association with survival, and N-of-1 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeniy Smorodin
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Paldiski mnt 80, 10617 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Valentin Chuzmarov
- 2nd Surgery Department, General Surgery and Oncology Surgery Centre, North Estonia Medical Centre, J. Sütiste Str. 19, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Paldiski mnt 80, 10617 Tallinn, Estonia;
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Lin J, Lin X, Zheng R, Lin K, Khan M, Huang X, Tian Y, Wang B, Xu B, Yuan Y, Huang Z. Impact of chrono-radiotherapy on the prognosis and treatment-related toxicity in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A multicenter propensity-matched study. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:587-597. [PMID: 38606920 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2337887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The timing of radiotherapy (RT) delivery has been reported to affect both cancer survival and treatment toxicity. However, the association among the timing of RT delivery, survival, and toxicity in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) has not been investigated. We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with LA-NPC who received definitive RT at multiple institutions. The median RT delivery daytime was categorized as morning (DAY) and night (NIGHT). Seasonal variations were classified into the darker half of the year (WINTER) and brighter half (SUMMER) according to the sunshine duration. Cohorts were balanced according to baseline characteristics using propensity score matching (PSM). Survival and toxicity outcomes were evaluated using Cox regression models. A total of 355 patients were included, with 194/161 in DAY/NIGHT and 187/168 in WINTER/SUMMER groups. RT delivered during the daytime prolonged the 5-year overall survival (OS) (90.6% vs. 80.0%, p = 0.009). However, the significance of the trend was lost after PSM (p = 0.068). After PSM analysis, the DAY cohort derived a greater benefit in 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) (85.6% vs. 73.4%, p = 0.021) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (89.2% vs. 80.8%, p = 0.051) in comparison with the NIGHT subgroup. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that daytime RT was an independent prognostic factor for OS, PFS, and DMFS. Furthermore, daytime RT delivery was associated with an increase in the incidence of leukopenia and radiation dermatitis. RT delivery in SUMMER influenced only the OS significantly (before PSM: p = 0.051; after PSM: p = 0.034). There was no association between toxicity and the timing of RT delivery by season. In LA-NPC, the daytime of radical RT served as an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, RT administered in the morning resulted in more severe toxic side effects than that at night, which needs to be confirmed in a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiantao Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Precision Radiotherapy for Tumors, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Digestive, Hematological, and Breast Malignancies, Clinical Research Center for Radiology and Radiotherapy of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Kehai Lin
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuting Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhong Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baiyao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - BenHua Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Precision Radiotherapy for Tumors, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Digestive, Hematological, and Breast Malignancies, Clinical Research Center for Radiology and Radiotherapy of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Scibetta S, Miceli M, Iuliano M, Stefanuto L, Carbone E, Piscopo P, Petrozza V, Romeo G, Mangino G, Calogero A, Gasperi T, Rosa P. In Vitro Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacity of 3,3-Disubstituted-3H-benzofuran-2-one Derivatives in a Cellular Model of Neurodegeneration. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:422. [PMID: 38672695 PMCID: PMC11051253 DOI: 10.3390/life14040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress represents a hallmark for many degenerative pathologies of the Central Nervous System. Throughout life, the constant pressure of noxious stimuli and/or episodes of traumatic events may expose the brain to a microenvironment where the non-balanced reactive oxygen species inevitably lead to neuronal loss and cognitive decline. HO-1, a 32 kDa heat-shock protein catalyzing the degradation of heme into carbon monoxide (CO), iron and biliverdin/bilirubin is considered one of the main antioxidant defense mechanisms playing pivotal roles in neuroprotection. Restoring the redox homeostasis is the goal of many natural or synthetic antioxidant molecules pursuing beneficial effects on brain functions. Here, we investigated the antioxidant capacity of four selected benzofuran-2-one derivatives in a cellular model of neurodegeneration represented by differentiated SH-SY5Y cells exposed to catechol-induced oxidative stress. Our main results highlight how all the molecules have antioxidant properties, especially compound 9, showing great abilities in reducing intracellular ROS levels and protecting differentiated SH-SY5Y cells from catechol-induced death. This compound above all seems to boost HO-1 mRNA and perinuclear HO-1 protein isoform expression when cells are exposed to the oxidative insult. Our findings open the way to consider benzofuran-2-ones as a novel and promising adjuvant antioxidant strategy for many neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Scibetta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Martina Miceli
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Marco Iuliano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Luca Stefanuto
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Elena Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Paola Piscopo
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
- Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico (ICOT), 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romeo
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonella Calogero
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
- Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico (ICOT), 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Tecla Gasperi
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Rosa
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
- Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico (ICOT), 04100 Latina, Italy
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12
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Kollayan BY, Cansiz D, Beler M, Unal I, Emekli-Alturfan E, Yalcinkaya SE. Effects of low-dose ionizing radiation on the molecular pathways linking neurogenesis and autism spectrum disorders in zebrafish embryos. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38384198 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2318444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to environmental factors may play an important role in the aetiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We aim to investigate the potential effects of low-dose x-rays from dental diagnostic x-rays on neurodevelopment and molecular mechanisms associated with ASD in developing zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish embryos were divided into four groups and exposed using a dental x-ray unit: control, 0.08, 0.15 and 0.30 seconds, which are exemplary exposure settings for periapical imaging. These exposure times were measured as 7.17, 23.17 and 63.83 mSv using optical stimulated luminescence dosimeters. At the end of 72 hours post-fertilization, locomotor activity, oxidant-antioxidant status, and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity were analyzed. Expression of genes related to apoptosis (bax, bcl2a, p53), neurogenesis (α1-tubulin, syn2a, neurog1, elavl3) and ASD (eif4eb, adsl2a, shank3) was determined by RT-PCR. Even at reduced doses, developmental toxicity was observed in three groups as evidenced by pericardial edema, yolk sac edema and scoliosis. Deleterious effects of dental x-rays on neurogenesis through impaired locomotor activity, oxidative stress, apoptosis and alterations in genes associated with neurogenesis and ASD progression were more pronounced in the 0.30s exposure group. Based on these results we suggest that the associations between ASD and low-dose ionizing radiation need a closer look.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Yeliz Kollayan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Cansiz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merih Beler
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Unal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department Biochemistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Ercalik Yalcinkaya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Hattori A, Suzuki N. Receptor-Mediated and Receptor-Independent Actions of Melatonin in Vertebrates. Zoolog Sci 2024; 41:105-116. [PMID: 38587523 DOI: 10.2108/zs230057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indolamine that is synthesized from tryptophan in the pineal glands of vertebrates through four enzymatic reactions. Melatonin is a quite unique bioactive substance, characterized by a combination of both receptor-mediated and receptor-independent actions, which promote the diverse effects of melatonin. One of the main functions of melatonin, via its membrane receptors, is to regulate the circadian or seasonal rhythm. In mammals, light information, which controls melatonin synthesis, is received in the eye, and transmitted to the pineal gland, via the suprachiasmatic nucleus, where the central clock is located. Alternatively, in many vertebrates other than mammals, the pineal gland cells, which are involved in melatonin synthesis and secretion and in the circadian clock, directly receive light. Recently, it has been reported that melatonin possesses several metabolic functions, which involve bone and glucose, in addition to regulating the circadian rhythm. Melatonin improves bone strength by inhibiting osteoclast activity. It is also known to maintain brain activity during sleep by increasing glucose uptake at night, in an insulin-independent manner. Moreover, as a non-receptor-mediated action, melatonin has antioxidant properties. Melatonin has been proven to be a potent free radical scavenger and a broad-spectrum antioxidant, even protecting organisms against radiation from space. Melatonin is a ubiquitously distributed molecule and is found in bacteria, unicellular organisms, fungi, and plants. It is hypothesized that melatonin initially functioned as an antioxidant, then, in vertebrates, it combined this role with the ability to regulate rhythm and metabolism, via its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Sport and Wellness, College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan,
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14
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Safarbalou A, Ebrahimi F, Amiri FT, Hosseinimehr SJ. Radioprotective Effect of Piperine, as a Major Component of Black Pepper, Against Radiation-induced Colon Injury: Biochemical and Histological Studies. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:38-45. [PMID: 37489775 DOI: 10.2174/1874471016666230725112319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing radiotherapy are prone to radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury. Piperine is an alkaloid component in black pepper with a unique chemopreventive activity against oxidative stress-related damage in healthy tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of piperine on intestinal damage. METHODS In this study, mice were divided into eight groups: including the control, piperine (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg), radiation (6 Gy), and piperine+radiation (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg + 6 Gy) groups. The radioprotective effects of piperine were evaluated by biochemical (MDA, GSH, and PC) and histopathological assessments in colon tissues. RESULTS The 10 mg/kg dose of piperine significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers compared to the group that received only radiation. In addition, pre-treatment with 10 mg/kg piperine diminished the histopathological changes like vascular congestion in the submucosa, while the dose of 50 mg/kg led to the infiltration of inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION Based on this study, it is concluded that piperine, at low dose, with its antioxidant properties, could reduce the colon damage caused by radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Safarbalou
- Department of Pharmacy, Ramsar Campous, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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15
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Tokpinar A, Nisari M, Yilmaz S, Yay A, Yildiz OG, Balcioğlu E, Alişan P, Bilgici P, Uçar S, Ateş Ş, Bağci K. The effect of ionizing radiation on the fetal bone development in pregnant rats: Role of melatonin. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:95-104. [PMID: 37705325 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Radiation has been widely used in many business sectors over the last century. Our study investigated the possible teratogenic effects of radiation on the bones of rat fetuses and the protective effect of melatonin against these effects. In this study, 15 pregnant female Wistar albino rats were used. These rats were divided into four groups: the control group, melatonin group (10 mg/kg/day), radiation group (0.5 gray), radiation (0.5 gray) + melatonin group (10 mg/kg/day), and sham group (1 mm hanks/day). The skeletal system development of fetuses was examined with double skeletal and scanning electron microscope (SEM), histopathological methods. In our study, fetal weight, placental weight, and fetal morphometric values were found to be statistically significantly decreased in the radiation group compared to the control group (p < .05). In immünohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, alkaline phosphatase, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) concentrations were found to be significantly lower in the radiation group compared to the other groups. In the SEM analysis, it was observed that the amount of calcium and sodium decreased when the radiation group was compared with the other groups. As a result, when exposed to ionizing radiation during pregnancy, melatonin has a protective feature against the negative effects of radiation on the bone development of fetuses. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: In our study, fetuses obtained from pregnant rats exposed to ionizing radiation were examined. In this study, the effect of melatonin on bone development in fetuses exposed to gray ionizing radiation was investigated. There are few studies on our subject in the literature. We believe that our findings will contribute to other planned studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Tokpinar
- Department of Anatomy, Ordu University Faculty of Medicine, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Nisari
- Department of Anatomy, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Seher Yilmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Arzu Yay
- Department of Embryology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty Histology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Galip Yildiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Esra Balcioğlu
- Department of Embryology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty Histology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Pınar Alişan
- Department of Embryology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty Histology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Pınar Bilgici
- Department of Embryology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty Histology, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Uçar
- Department of Anatomy, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Ateş
- Department of Anatomy, Yozgat Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Kezban Bağci
- Niğde Zübeyde Hanım Vocational School of Health Services, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
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16
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Mohammadgholi M, Hosseinimehr SJ. Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Ionizing Radiation in Healthy and Cancerous Cells. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2751-2769. [PMID: 37026495 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230407104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a unique modality in cancer treatment with no replacement in many cases and uses a tumoricidal dose of various ionizing radiation (IR) types to kill cancer cells. It causes oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or the destruction of antioxidant systems. On the other hand, RT stimulates the immune system both directly and indirectly by releasing danger signals from stress-exposed and dying cells. Oxidative stress and inflammation are two reciprocal and closely related mechanisms, one induced and involved by the other. ROS regulates the intracellular signal transduction pathways, which participate in the activation and expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Reciprocally, inflammatory cells release ROS and immune system mediators during the inflammation process, which drive the induction of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress or inflammation-induced damages can result in cell death (CD) or survival mechanisms that may be destructive for normal cells or beneficial for cancerous cells. The present study has focused on the radioprotection of those agents with binary effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms IR-induced CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohammadgholi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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17
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Jomova K, Raptova R, Alomar SY, Alwasel SH, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Valko M. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2499-2574. [PMID: 37597078 PMCID: PMC10475008 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
A physiological level of oxygen/nitrogen free radicals and non-radical reactive species (collectively known as ROS/RNS) is termed oxidative eustress or "good stress" and is characterized by low to mild levels of oxidants involved in the regulation of various biochemical transformations such as carboxylation, hydroxylation, peroxidation, or modulation of signal transduction pathways such as Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, phosphoinositide-3-kinase, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and other processes. Increased levels of ROS/RNS, generated from both endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH oxidases) and/or exogenous sources (radiation, certain drugs, foods, cigarette smoking, pollution) result in a harmful condition termed oxidative stress ("bad stress"). Although it is widely accepted, that many chronic diseases are multifactorial in origin, they share oxidative stress as a common denominator. Here we review the importance of oxidative stress and the mechanisms through which oxidative stress contributes to the pathological states of an organism. Attention is focused on the chemistry of ROS and RNS (e.g. superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite), and their role in oxidative damage of DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers is also discussed. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathology of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, Down syndrome), psychiatric diseases (depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), renal disease, lung disease (chronic pulmonary obstruction, lung cancer), and aging. The concerted action of antioxidants to ameliorate the harmful effect of oxidative stress is achieved by antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutases-SODs, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-GPx), and small molecular weight antioxidants (vitamins C and E, flavonoids, carotenoids, melatonin, ergothioneine, and others). Perhaps one of the most effective low molecular weight antioxidants is vitamin E, the first line of defense against the peroxidation of lipids. A promising approach appears to be the use of certain antioxidants (e.g. flavonoids), showing weak prooxidant properties that may boost cellular antioxidant systems and thus act as preventive anticancer agents. Redox metal-based enzyme mimetic compounds as potential pharmaceutical interventions and sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for age-related diseases and anti-aging strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, 949 74, Slovakia
| | - Renata Raptova
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia.
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18
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Selvan G T, Ashok AK, Rao S J A, Gollapalli P, R V, N SK, Chaudhury NK. Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response ameliorating ionizing radiation-induced damages explored through in vitro and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8472-8484. [PMID: 36307909 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2137245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mechanism of natural antioxidant ferulic acid (FA) in reducing oxidative stress followed by its inhibitory effect on the Keap1-Nrf2 complex. FA was treated ex vivo with human blood for 30 min at 37 °C ± 1 °C and exposed to 1.5 Gy of γ- rays of 60Co (0.789 Gy/min) and allowed for repair for an hour at 37 °C ± 1 °C. FA's free radical scavenging capacity was measured using 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay and cytogenetic assays. Further, a possible mechanism of protein-ligand interaction between FA and Keap1-Nrf2 pathway protein as a cellular drug target was studied using docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The 1.5 Gy of γ- rays exposed to pre-treated blood with FA showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in reactive oxygen species and DNA damage compared to the normal control blood group sample. The ligand-protein transient binding interaction in molecular dynamic simulation over a period of 100 ns was consistent and stable emphasizing complementary charge between the protein and ligand, speculating higher hydrophobic amino acid residues in the Keap1 active pocket. This might sway the Keap1 from interaction with Nrf2, and could lead to nuclear translocation of Nrf2 during radiation-induced oxidative stress. The present study emphasizes the radioprotective effect of FA against 1.5 Gy of γ- rays exposed to human blood and the application of in silico approaches helpful for the possible protective effect of FA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamizh Selvan G
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Karkada Ashok
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditya Rao S J
- Kimberelite Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd, KIADB III Phase, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pavan Gollapalli
- Center for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishakh R
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchetha Kumari N
- Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nabo K Chaudhury
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences-Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi, India
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19
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Tang JY, Chuang YT, Shiau JP, Yen CY, Chang FR, Tsai YH, Farooqi AA, Chang HW. Connection between Radiation-Regulating Functions of Natural Products and miRNAs Targeting Radiomodulation and Exosome Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12449. [PMID: 37569824 PMCID: PMC10419287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived membranous structures primarily involved in the delivery of the payload to the recipient cells, and they play central roles in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Radiotherapy is a common cancer treatment that occasionally generates exosomal miRNA-associated modulation to regulate the therapeutic anticancer function and side effects. Combining radiotherapy and natural products may modulate the radioprotective and radiosensitizing responses of non-cancer and cancer cells, but there is a knowledge gap regarding the connection of this combined treatment with exosomal miRNAs and their downstream targets for radiation and exosome biogenesis. This review focuses on radioprotective natural products in terms of their impacts on exosomal miRNAs to target radiation-modulating and exosome biogenesis (secretion and assembly) genes. Several natural products have individually demonstrated radioprotective and miRNA-modulating effects. However, the impact of natural-product-modulated miRNAs on radiation response and exosome biogenesis remains unclear. In this review, by searching through PubMed/Google Scholar, available reports on potential functions that show radioprotection for non-cancer tissues and radiosensitization for cancer among these natural-product-modulated miRNAs were assessed. Next, by accessing the miRNA database (miRDB), the predicted targets of the radiation- and exosome biogenesis-modulating genes from the Gene Ontology database (MGI) were retrieved bioinformatically based on these miRNAs. Moreover, the target-centric analysis showed that several natural products share the same miRNAs and targets to regulate radiation response and exosome biogenesis. As a result, the miRNA-radiomodulation (radioprotection and radiosensitization)-exosome biogenesis axis in regard to natural-product-mediated radiotherapeutic effects is well organized. This review focuses on natural products and their regulating effects on miRNAs to assess the potential impacts of radiomodulation and exosome biogenesis for both the radiosensitization of cancer cells and the radioprotection of non-cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-H.T.)
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-H.T.)
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Li Z, Wu H, Zou B, Xu Y. Exploring Natural Products as Radioprotective Agents for Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3585. [PMID: 37509245 PMCID: PMC10377328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important cancer treatment. However, in addition to killing tumor cells, radiotherapy causes damage to the surrounding cells and is toxic to normal tissues. Therefore, an effective radioprotective agent that prevents the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation is required. Numerous synthetic substances have been shown to have clear radioprotective effects. However, most of these have not been translated for use in clinical applications due to their high toxicity and side effects. Many medicinal plants have been shown to exhibit various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. In recent years, new agents obtained from natural products have been investigated by radioprotection researchers, due to their abundance of sources, high efficiency, and low toxicity. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the radioprotective effects of natural products, including ROS scavenging, promotion of DNA damage repair, anti-inflammatory effects, and the inhibition of cell death signaling pathways. In addition, we systematically review natural products with radioprotective properties, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and saponins. Specifically, we discuss the polyphenols apigenin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, resveratrol, and curcumin; the polysaccharides astragalus, schisandra, and Hohenbuehelia serotina; the saponins ginsenosides and acanthopanax senticosus; and the alkaloids matrine, ligustrazine, and β-carboline. However, further optimization through structural modification, improved extraction and purification methods, and clinical trials are needed before clinical translation. With a deeper understanding of the radioprotective mechanisms involved and the development of high-throughput screening methods, natural products could become promising novel radioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanyou Wu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Obrador E, Montoro A. Ionizing Radiation, Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Damage: Radiomodulators. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1219. [PMID: 37371949 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is the energy released by atoms in the form of electromagnetic waves (e [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Elena Obrador Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Alegría Montoro, Radiation Protection Service, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46021 Valencia, Spain
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Haroun RAH, Abdel-Aziz N, Saad S. The protective effect of N-acetyl cysteine against selenium toxicity and gamma irradiation in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:482-490. [PMID: 35361025 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2058010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a nutritional supplement and greatly applied as an antioxidant in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the metabolic and antioxidant protective effect of NAC against selenium (Se) toxicity and gamma irradiation in rats by measuring biochemical and molecular parameters. This study was conducted on sixty rats divided into six equal different groups; control, NAC, Rad, Se, Rad + NAC, and Se + NAC groups. Oxidative/nitrosative makers (LPO, NO, and NOS), antioxidants status markers (GSH, GPx, and SOD), liver metabolic markers (LDH, SDH, and ATP), and plasma metabolic markers (Glucose, total cholesterol, and total proteins) were measured using commercial colorimetric kits while plasma corticosterone concentration was measured using commercial ELISA kit. Also, Levels of NR3C1 and Glut-2 genes expression using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were done. Our results revealed that Se toxicity and gamma irradiation induced significant increases in oxidative/nitrosative stress markers and a significant decrease in antioxidant status markers in the liver and adrenal tissues. Moreover, metabolic disorders were recorded as manifested by elevation of plasma ALT, Albumin, glucose and cholesterol, and decrease in protein levels associated with a significant increase in corticosterone concentration. This was also accompanied by a significant decrease in SDH activity and ATP production in the hepatic tissue. Molecular analysis showed a marked increase in NR3C1 mRNA and decrease in Glut-2 mRNA in liver tissue. However, NAC supplementation attenuated the changes induced by these toxins. Finally, we could conclude that, oral supplementation of NAC can modulate the metabolic disturbances and has protective effects in rats exposed to Se toxicity and gamma irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahed Abdel-Aziz
- Radiation Biology Department, NCRRT, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soha Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang C, Zheng J, Chen W, Yang W, Tan X, Fan X, Shen G, Qu L, Chen Z, Shi C. Mitochondrial-targeting fluorescent small molecule IR-780 alleviates radiation-induced brain injury. Brain Res 2023; 1805:148285. [PMID: 36801209 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a common complication of radiation therapy for brain tumors. Vascular damage is one of the key factors closely related to the severity of the RIBI. However, effective vascular target treatment strategies are lacking. Previously, we have identified a fluorescent small molecule dye, IR-780, which shows the properties of injury tissue targeting and provided protection against various injuries by modulating oxidative stress. This study aims to validate the therapeutic effect of IR-780 on RIBI. The effectiveness of IR-780 against RIBI has been comprehensively evaluated through techniques such as behavior, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Evans Blue leakage experiments, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry. Results show that IR-780 improves cognitive dysfunction, reduces neuroinflammation, restores the expression of tight junction proteins in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and promotes the recovery of BBB function after whole brain irradiation. IR-780 also accumulates in injured cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, and its subcellular location is in the mitochondria. More importantly, IR-780 can reduce the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. Moreover, IR-780 has no significant toxic side effects. IR-780 alleviates RIBI by protecting vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress, reducing neuroinflammation, and restoring BBB function, suggesting IR-780 as a promising treatment candidate for RIBI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Jiancheng Zheng
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Wanchao Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China; Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Gufang Shen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Langfan Qu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Zelin Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China.
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China.
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24
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Motallebzadeh E, Aghighi F, Vakili Z, Talaei SA, Mohseni M. Neuroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on radiation-induced brainstem injury in rats. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:202-209. [PMID: 36873276 PMCID: PMC9976052 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.367798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an antioxidant with radioprotective properties. We designed the current work to assess the neuroprotective function of ALA in the presence of oxidative stress induced by radiation in the brainstem of rats. Experimental approach Whole-brain radiations (X-rays) was given at a single dose of 25 Gy with or without pretreatment with ALA (200 mg/kg BW). Eighty rats were categorized into four groups: vehicle control (VC), ALA, radiation-only (RAD), and radiation + ALA (RAL). The rats were given ALA intraperitoneally 1 h before radiation and killed following 6 h, thereafter superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the brainstem were measured. Furthermore, a pathological examination was carried out after 24 h, 72 h, and five days to determine tissue damage. Findings/Results The findings indicated that MDA levels in the brainstem were 46.29 ± 1.64 μM in the RAD group and decreased in the VC group (31.66 ± 1.72 μM). ALA pretreatment reduced MDA levels while simultaneously increasing SOD and CAT activity and TAC levels (60.26 ± 5.47 U/mL, 71.73 ± 2.88 U/mL, and 227.31 ± 9.40 mol/L, respectively). The greatest pathological changes in the rat's brainstems were seen in RAD animals compared to the VC group after 24 h, 72 h, and 5 days. As a result, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, vacuolization, and Rosenthal fibers vanished in the RAL group in three periods. Conclusion and implications ALA exhibited substantial neuroprotectivity following radiation-induced brainstem damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Motallebzadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran.,Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aghighi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Zarichehr Vakili
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Sayyed Alireza Talaei
- Physiology Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mehran Mohseni
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran.,Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
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Świątkiewicz I, Wróblewski M, Nuszkiewicz J, Sutkowy P, Wróblewska J, Woźniak A. The Role of Oxidative Stress Enhanced by Adiposity in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076382. [PMID: 37047352 PMCID: PMC10094567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The growing prevalence of CVD is mostly attributed to the aging population and common occurrence of risk factors, such as high systolic blood pressure, elevated plasma glucose, and increased body mass index, which led to a global epidemic of obesity, MetS, and T2D. Oxidant–antioxidant balance disorders largely contribute to the pathogenesis and outcomes of CMDs, such as systemic essential hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, and MetS. Enhanced and disturbed generation of reactive oxygen species in excess adipose tissue during obesity may lead to increased oxidative stress. Understanding the interplay between adiposity, oxidative stress, and cardiometabolic risks can have translational impacts, leading to the identification of novel effective strategies for reducing the CMDs burden. The present review article is based on extant results from basic and clinical studies and specifically addresses the various aspects associated with oxidant–antioxidant balance disorders in the course of CMDs in subjects with excess adipose tissue accumulation. We aim at giving a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge, knowledge gaps, and future perspectives for further basic and clinical research. We provide insights into both the mechanisms and clinical implications of effects related to the interplay between adiposity and oxidative stress for treating and preventing CMDs. Future basic research and clinical trials are needed to further examine the mechanisms of adiposity-enhanced oxidative stress in CMDs and the efficacy of antioxidant therapies for reducing risk and improving outcome of patients with CMDs.
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Wang S, Sun M, Ning Z, Chen Y, Zhou H, Mu W. The effects of sustained and diel-cycling hypoxia on high-latitude fish Phoxinus lagowskii. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 45:101059. [PMID: 36706598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
High-latitude fish are subjected to sustained and diel-cycling hypoxia. Oxygen deficiency could pose a serious threat to fish, but little information is available regarding the response mechanisms employed by high-latitude fish to sustained and diel-cycling hypoxia. In this study, a combination of transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to examine the molecular response mechanisms actioned by sustained and diel-cycling hypoxia in the high-latitude fish, Phoxinus lagowskii. P. lagowskii was divided into normoxic control (6.0-7.0 mg/L dissolved oxygen), sustained (1.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen), and diel-cycling hypoxic treatment (6.0-7.0 mg/L between 07:00-21:00, and 3.0-4.0 mg/L between 21:00-07:00) tanks for 28 days. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and significantly different metabolites (DMs) related to digestive proteases, lipid metabolism, estrogen signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism were identified from comparative metabolomic and transcriptomic data expression profiles within the liver. The current study found that P. lagowskii had significantly different responses between sustained and diel-cycling hypoxia. P. lagowskii faced with sustained hypoxia may enhance their tolerance capacity through phospholipid and glutathione metabolism. Our data provide new insights into the high latitude fish coping with changes in hypoxia and warrants further investigation into these potentially important genes and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yingqiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Haishui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Weijie Mu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
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27
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Zhou YJ, Tang Y, Liu SJ, Zeng PH, Qu L, Jing QC, Yin WJ. Radiation-induced liver disease: beyond DNA damage. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:506-526. [PMID: 36214587 PMCID: PMC9928481 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2131163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced liver disease (RILD), also known as radiation hepatitis, is a serious side effect of radiotherapy (RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma. The therapeutic dose of RT can damage normal liver tissue, and the toxicity that accumulates around the irradiated liver tissue is related to numerous physiological and pathological processes. RILD may restrict treatment use or eventually deteriorate into liver fibrosis. However, the research on the mechanism of radiation-induced liver injury has seen little progress compared with that on radiation injury in other tissues, and no targeted clinical pharmacological treatment for RILD exists. The DNA damage response caused by ionizing radiation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of RILD. Therefore, in this review, we systematically summarize the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in RILD. Such an analysis is essential for preventing the occurrence and development of RILD and further exploring the potential treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Si Jian Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Hui Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Cheng Jing
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Jun Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Biomimetic Prussian blue nanozymes with enhanced bone marrow-targeting for treatment of radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121980. [PMID: 36580722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent medical need to develop effective therapies that can ameliorate damage to the radiation-exposed hematopoietic system. Nanozymes with robust antioxidant properties have a therapeutic potential for mitigating radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. However, enhancing nanozyme recruitment to injured tissues in vivo while maintaining their catalytic activity remains a great challenge. Herein, we present the design and preparation of a biomimetic nanoparticle, a mesenchymal stem cell membrane camouflaged Prussian blue nanozyme (PB@MSCM), which exhibits biocompatible surface properties and demonstrates enhanced injury site-targeting towards the irradiated murine bone marrow niche. Notably, the constructed PB@MSCM possessed redox enzyme-mimic catalytic activity and could scavenge overproduced reactive oxygen species in the irradiated bone marrow cells, both in vitro and ex vivo. More importantly, the administration of PB@MSCM significantly mitigated hematopoietic cell apoptosis and accelerated the regeneration of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Our findings provide a new targeted strategy to improve nanozyme therapy in vivo and mitigate radiation-induced hematopoietic injury.
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Zhang B, Chen G, Wu X, Li Y, Xiao Y, Li J, He L, Li Y, Wang S, Zhao J, Liu C, Zhou H, Li Y, Pei X. Biomimetic Prussian blue nanozymes with enhanced bone marrow-targeting for treatment of radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121980. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
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30
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Barzilai A, Mitiagin Y. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated plays an important role in cerebellar integrity and functionality. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:497-502. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.350194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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31
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Kargar-Shouroki F, Halvani GH, Sharmandehmola FA. Effect of simultaneous exposure to inhalational anesthetics and radiation on the adaptive response in operating room personnel. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10128-10135. [PMID: 36070043 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Some operating room personnel, such as orthopedic surgeons, are exposed simultaneously to inhalational anesthetics (IAs) and radiation that both can cause DNA damage. Some studies have shown that low doses of radiation reduce DNA damage when the cells are followed by a higher dose of the same or related agent. This study, therefore, set out to compare DNA damage in the anesthesiologists, radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, and healthcare staff (non-exposed group). In this cross-sectional study, breathing zone concentrations of anesthetic gas nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured in the studied groups using standard method. Additionally, DNA damage was measured by micronucleus (MN) assay. The mean concentrations of N2O in the anesthesiologists and orthopedic surgeons were 450.27 ± 327.44 ppm and 313.64 ± 216.14 ppm, respectively. The mean annual exposure to X-rays radiation in radiologists and orthopedic surgeons was 15.65 ± 8.46 mSy/year and 3.56 ± 1.32 mSy/year, respectively. MN frequencies were significantly higher in anesthesiologists and radiologists exposed to IAs and X-rays radiation respectively than in the non-exposed healthcare staff. While, there were no statistically significant differences between MN frequencies of orthopedic surgeons exposed to both IAs and radiation and healthcare staff. These findings suggest that an earlier exposure of orthopedic surgeons to a small dose of ionizing radiation can increase their resistance to genotoxicity caused by high doses of N2O, a phenomenon that is called adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kargar-Shouroki
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Gholam Hossein Halvani
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alsadat Sharmandehmola
- Occupational Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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El-Benhawy SA, Fahmy EI, Mahdy SM, Khedr GH, Sarhan AS, Nafady MH, Yousef Selim YA, Salem TM, Abu-Samra N, El Khadry HA. Assessment of thyroid gland hormones and ultrasonographic abnormalities in medical staff occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:287. [PMID: 36404320 PMCID: PMC9677629 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation (IR) is high-energy radiation that has the potential to displace electrons from atoms and break chemical bonds. It has the ability to introduce mutations, DNA strand breakage, and cell death. Being a radiosensitive organ, exposure of the thyroid gland to IR can lead to significant changes in its function. AIM OF THE WORK Was to measure the levels of thyroid hormones panel and ultrasonography abnormalities in medical staff occupationally exposed to IR. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 120 subjects were divided into three main groups: Group I: radiation-exposed workers occupationally exposed to radioiodine (131I) (n = 40), Group II: radiation-exposed workers occupationally exposed to X-ray (n = 40), and Group III: non-exposed healthy professionals matched in age and sex with the previous groups (n = 40). Thyroid hormones panel including free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies (anti-TPO), and thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed. Oxidative stress markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. RESULTS Group I had significantly higher fT3 levels than the control group. fT3 levels were considerably higher, while TSH was substantially lower in group II participants than in the control group. Tg was markedly lower in radiation-exposed workers. However, anti-TPO levels in radiation-exposed workers were significantly higher than in the control group. MDA and H2O2 were substantially higher; TAC was significantly lower in radiation-exposed workers compared to the control group. According to ultrasonographic examination, thyroid volume and the percentage of thyroid nodules in all radiation workers were significantly higher than in the control group. CONCLUSION Despite low exposure doses, occupational exposure to IR affects the thyroid hormones and links with a higher likelihood of developing thyroid immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A. El-Benhawy
- Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Enayat I. Fahmy
- Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherien M. Mahdy
- Nuclear Medicine and thyroid gland Department, Naser Institute for Research and Treatment, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Galal H. Khedr
- Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Misr University for Science & Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alyaa S. Sarhan
- Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of 6 October, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Nafady
- Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Misr University for Science & Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yousef A. Yousef Selim
- Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Misr University for Science & Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarek M. Salem
- Department of Internal Medicine, (Endocrinology Unit), Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nehal Abu-Samra
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hany A. El Khadry
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Amer ME, Othman AI, Abozaid HM, El-Missiry MA. Utility of melatonin in mitigating ionizing radiation-induced testis injury through synergistic interdependence of its biological properties. Biol Res 2022; 55:33. [PMID: 36333811 PMCID: PMC9636653 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-022-00401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing radiations (IR) have widespread useful applications in our daily life; however, they have unfavorable effects on reproductive health. Maintaining testicular health following IR exposure is an important requirement for reproductive potential. The current study explored the role of melatonin (MLT) in mitigating IR-induced injury in young adult rat testis. Methods Rats were given daily MLT (25 mg/kg) for 3 and 14 days after receiving 4 Gy γ-radiation. Results Serum MLT levels and other antioxidants, including glutathione content, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the testis of the irradiated rats were remarkably maintained by MLT administration in irradiated rats. Hence, the hydrogen peroxide level declined with remarkably reduced formation of oxidative stress markers, 4-hydroxynonenal, and 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in the testis of irradiated animals after MLT administration. The redox status improvement caused a remarkable regression of proapoptotic protein (p53, Cyto-c, and caspase-3) in the testis and improved inflammatory cytokines (CRP and IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin IL-10) in serum. This is associated with restoration of disturbed sex hormonal balance, androgen receptor upregulation, and testicular cell proliferation activity in irradiated rats, explaining the improvement of sperm parameters (count, motility, viability, and deformation). Consequently, spermatogenic cell depletion and decreased seminiferous tubule diameter and perimeter were attenuated by MLT treatment post irradiation. Moreover, the testis of irradiated-MLT-treated rats showed well-organized histological architecture and normal sperm morphology. Conclusions These results show that radiation-induced testicular injury is mitigated following IR exposure through synergistic interdependence between the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-DNA damage actions of MLT.
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Grebowski J, Kazmierska-Grebowska P, Cichon N, Konarska A, Wolszczak M, Litwinienko G. Fullerenol C 60(OH) 36 Protects the Antioxidant Enzymes in Human Erythrocytes against Oxidative Damage Induced by High-Energy Electrons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810939. [PMID: 36142851 PMCID: PMC9502585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) can pass through the human body easily, potentially causing severe damage to all biocomponents, which is associated with increasing oxidative stress. IR is employed in radiotherapy; however, in order to increase safety, it is necessary to minimize side effects through the use of radioprotectors. Water-soluble derivatives of fullerene exhibit antiradical and antioxidant properties, and these compounds are regarded as potential candidates for radioprotectors. We examined the ability of fullerenol C60(OH)36 to protect human erythrocytes, including the protection of the erythrocytal antioxidant system against high-energy electrons. Human erythrocytes irradiated with high-energy [6 MeV] electrons were treated with C60(OH)36 (150 µg/mL), incubated and haemolyzed. The radioprotective properties of fullerenol were determined by examining the antioxidant enzymes activity in the hemolysate, the concentration of -SH groups, as well as by determining erythrocyte microviscosity. The irradiation of erythrocytes (650 and 1300 Gy) reduces the number of thiol groups; however, an attenuation of this harmful effect is observed (p < 0.05) in the presence of C60(OH)36. Although no significant effect of fullerenol was recorded on catalase activity, which was preserved in both control and test samples, a more active protection of other enzymes was evident. An irradiation-induced decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase became an increase in the activity of those two enzymes in samples irradiated in the presence of C60(OH)36 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). The fourth studied enzyme, glutathione transferase, decreased (p < 0.05) its activity in the irradiated hemolysate treated with C60(OH)36, thus, indicating a lower level of ROS in the system. However, the interaction of fullerenol with the active centre of the enzyme cannot be excluded. We also noticed that radiation caused a dose-dependent decrease in the erythrocyte microviscosity, and the presence of C60(OH)36 reduced this effect (p < 0.05). Overall, we point to the radioprotective effect of C60(OH)36 manifested as the protection of the antioxidant enzymes of human erythrocytes against IR-induced damage, which has not been the subject of intense research so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Grebowski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- The Military Medical Training Center, 6-Sierpnia 92, 90-646 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Paulina Kazmierska-Grebowska
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Cichon
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Konarska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marian Wolszczak
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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Talebpour Amiri F, Arzani S, Farzipour S, Hosseinimehr SJ. Radioprotective effects of gliclazide against irradiation-induced cardiotoxicity and lung injury through inhibiting oxidative stress. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:199. [PMID: 36071308 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for localized primary cancer in patients. Cardiotoxicity and lung injury are two of the main side effects of oxidative stress following radiotherapy in patients with thoracic region cancer. Gliclazide (GLZ) as an antihyperglycemic drug has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GLZ in cardiotoxicity and lung injury induced by irradiation (IR). In this experimental study, 64 mice were divided into eight groups: control, GLZ (5, 10, and 25 mg/kg), IR (6 Gy), and IR + GLZ (in three doses). GLZ was administrated for 8 consecutive successive days and mice were exposed with IR on the 9th day of study. On the 10th day of study, tissue biochemical assay and at 14th day of study, histopathological assay were performed to evaluate for cardiotoxicity and lung injury. The findings revealed that IR induces atypical features in heart and lung histostructure, and oxidative stress (an increase of MDA, PC levels, and decrease of GSH content) in these tissues. GLZ administration preserved heart and lung damages and improves oxidative stress markers in mice. Data have authenticated that GLZ could protect heart and lung histostructure against oxidative stress-induced injury through inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Soroush Arzani
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Soghra Farzipour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Fat-Soluble Vitamin Deficiencies and Disruption of the Immune System in Pancreatic Cancer: A Vicious Cycle. Pancreas 2022; 51:923-929. [PMID: 36607936 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently an increasing contributor to cancer-related mortality. Despite advances in cancer treatment, PDAC survival rates have remained roughly unchanged over the years. Specifically, late diagnosis and insensitivity to currently available therapeutic regimens have been identified as the main causes for its poor survival. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a typical complication associated with PDAC diagnosis and pancreatic surgery. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, a major contributor to maldigestion in PDAC, is often not treated because it remains undetected because of lack of overt signs and symptoms. In this review, we will focus on the major consequences of PEI, including the inadequacy of lipase excretion, which results in deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins. Because PDAC is known for its immune-high jacking mechanisms, we describe key features in which deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins may contribute to the aggressive biological behavior and immune evasion in PDAC. Because PEI has been shown to worsen survival rates in patients with PDAC, detecting PEI and the related fat-soluble vitamin deficits at the time of PDAC diagnosis is critical. Moreover, timely supplementation of pancreatic enzymes and fat-soluble vitamins may improve outcomes for PDAC patients.
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Miazek K, Beton K, Śliwińska A, Brożek-Płuska B. The Effect of β-Carotene, Tocopherols and Ascorbic Acid as Anti-Oxidant Molecules on Human and Animal In Vitro/In Vivo Studies: A Review of Research Design and Analytical Techniques Used. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081087. [PMID: 36008981 PMCID: PMC9406122 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged elevated oxidative stress (OS) possesses negative effect on cell structure and functioning, and is associated with the development of numerous disorders. Naturally occurred anti-oxidant compounds reduce the oxidative stress in living organisms. In this review, antioxidant properties of β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid are presented based on in vitro, in vivo and populational studies. Firstly, environmental factors contributing to the OS occurrence and intracellular sources of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, as well as ROS-mediated cellular structure degradation, are introduced. Secondly, enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanism of anti-oxidant defence against OS development, is presented. Furthermore, ROS-preventing mechanisms and effectiveness of β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid as anti-oxidants are summarized, based on studies where different ROS-generating (oxidizing) agents are used. Oxidative stress biomarkers, as indicators on OS level and prevention by anti-oxidant supplementation, are presented with a focus on the methods (spectrophotometric, fluorometric, chromatographic, immuno-enzymatic) of their detection. Finally, the application of Raman spectroscopy and imaging as a tool for monitoring the effect of anti-oxidant (β-carotene, ascorbic acid) on cell structure and metabolism, is proposed. Literature data gathered suggest that β-carotene, tocopherols and ascorbic acid possess potential to mitigate oxidative stress in various biological systems. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy and imaging can be a valuable technique to study the effect of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant molecules in cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Miazek
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina Beton
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Brożek-Płuska
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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Ilderbayev O, Okassova A, Rakhyzhanova S, Ilderbayeva G, Zhazykbayeva L. The levels of oxidative stress in a combination of stress factors. J Med Life 2022; 15:927-931. [PMID: 36188645 PMCID: PMC9514812 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of the combined action of ionizing radiation and induced immobilization stress on the lipid peroxidation process and antioxidant protection of organs (mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, adrenal glands, thymus, and liver) and immune cels - the blood lymphocytes. Results were obtained on the role of free-radical oxidation in combination with exposure to ionizing radiation and immobilization stress at an early stage in the experiment. Gamma radiation in the acute period resulted in significant changes in lipoperoxidation and antioxidant systems. The first period of immobilization stress was marked by the imbalance of LPO-AOS systems disturbance with an accumulation of toxic compounds in tissues which had affected their function. The combined sublethal gamma radiation and immobilization stress disturbed the functional activity of adaptive systems of the body in the early stage of adaptation syndrome. Furthermore, the results show the dominant role of ionizing radiation in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oralbek Ilderbayev
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan,Corresponding Author: Oralbek Ilderbayev, Department of General Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. E-mail:
| | - Assem Okassova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Saule Rakhyzhanova
- Department of Physiological Disciplines, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulzhan Ilderbayeva
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Natural Science Faculty, NCJSC L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Lashyn Zhazykbayeva
- Department of Physiological Disciplines, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
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Vitus V, Ibrahim F, Wan Kamarul Zaman WS. Valorization of Human Hair and Its Derivatives in Tissue Engineering: A Review. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:529-544. [PMID: 35350873 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.022333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hair is a potential biomaterial for biomedical applications. Improper disposal of human hair may pose various adverse effects on the environment and human health. Therefore, proper management of human hair waste is pivotal. Human hair fiber and its derivatives offer various advantages as biomaterials such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, radical scavenging, electroconductivity, and intrinsic biological activity. Therefore, the favorable characteristics of human hair have rendered its usage in tissue engineering (TE) applications including skin, cardiac, nerve, bone, ocular, and periodontal. Moreover, the strategies by utilizing human hair as a biomaterial for TE applications may reduce the accumulation of human hair. Thus, it also improves human hair waste management while promoting natural, environmental-friendly, and nontoxic materials. Furthermore, promoting sustainable materials production will benefit human health and well-being. Hence, this article reviews and discusses human hair characteristics as sustainable biomaterials and their recent application in TE applications. Impact Statement This review article highlights the sustainability aspects of human hair as raw biomaterials and various elements of human hair that could potentially be used in tissue engineering (TE) applications. Furthermore, this article discusses numerous benefits of human hair, highlighting its value as biomaterials in bioscaffold development for TE applications. Moreover, this article reviews the role and effect of human hair in various TE applications, including skin, cardiac, nerve, bone, ocular, and periodontal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vieralynda Vitus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Printable Electronics, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061098. [PMID: 35739995 PMCID: PMC9219873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic and radiological crises can be caused by accidents, military activities, terrorist assaults involving atomic installations, the explosion of nuclear devices, or the utilization of concealed radiation exposure devices. Direct damage is caused when radiation interacts directly with cellular components. Indirect effects are mainly caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species due to radiolysis of water molecules. Acute and persistent oxidative stress associates to radiation-induced biological damages. Biological impacts of atomic radiation exposure can be deterministic (in a period range a posteriori of the event and because of destructive tissue/organ harm) or stochastic (irregular, for example cell mutation related pathologies and heritable infections). Potential countermeasures according to a specific scenario require considering basic issues, e.g., the type of radiation, people directly affected and first responders, range of doses received and whether the exposure or contamination has affected the total body or is partial. This review focuses on available medical countermeasures (radioprotectors, radiomitigators, radionuclide scavengers), biodosimetry (biological and biophysical techniques that can be quantitatively correlated with the magnitude of the radiation dose received), and strategies to implement the response to an accidental radiation exposure. In the case of large-scale atomic or radiological events, the most ideal choice for triage, dose assessment and victim classification, is the utilization of global biodosimetry networks, in combination with the automation of strategies based on modular platforms.
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The hydrogen storage nanomaterial MgH 2 improves irradiation-induced male fertility impairment by suppressing oxidative stress. Biomater Res 2022; 26:20. [PMID: 35619159 PMCID: PMC9134580 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to reveal the protective effect of hydrogen storage nanomaterial MgH2 on radiation-induced male fertility impairment. METHODS The characterization of MgH2 were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analyzer. The safety of MgH2 were evaluated in vivo and in vitro. The radioprotective effect of MgH2 on the reproductive system were analyzed in mice, including sperm quality, genetic effect, spermatogenesis, and hormone secretion. ESR, flow cytometry and western blotting assay were used to reveal the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS MgH2 had an irregular spherical morphology and a particle size of approximately 463.2 nm, and the content of Mg reached 71.46%. MgH2 was safe and nontoxic in mice and cells. After irradiation, MgH2 treatment significantly protected testicular structure, increased sperm density, improved sperm motility, reduced deformity rates, and reduced the genetic toxicity. Particularly, the sperm motility were consistent with those in MH mice and human semen samples. Furthermore, MgH2 treatment could maintain hormone secretion and testicular spermatogenesis, especially the generation of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia and round sperm cells. In vitro, MgH2 eliminated the [·OH], suppressed the irradiation-induced increase in ROS production, and effectively alleviated the increase in MDA contents. Moreover, MgH2 significantly ameliorated apoptosis in testes and cells and reversed the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest induced by irradiation. In addition, MgH2 inhibited the activation of radiation-induced inflammation and pyroptosis. CONCLUSION MgH2 improved irradiation-induced male fertility impairment by eliminating hydroxyl free radicals. Mice fertility and function were evaluated with or without MgH2 treatment after 5 Gy irradiation. MgH2 had the ability of hydroxyl radicals scavenging and MDA suppressing in testicular tissue induced by irradiation. Further, MgH2 could participate in spermatogenesis and protect sperm development in three stages: the generation of Sertoli cells (Sox-9+), spermatogonia (Stra8+) and round sperm cells (Crem+). Moreover, MgH2 alleviated the decrease of testosterone secreted by interstitial cells after irradiation. In addition, MgH2 suppressed apoptosis, pyroptosis and inflammatory response and alleviated cell cycle arrest by mediating IR-induced ROS.
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Al-Jubori SH, AL-Murad MA, Al-Mashhadane FA. Effect of Oral Vitamin D3 on Dental Caries: An In-Vivo and In-Vitro Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e25360. [PMID: 35761922 PMCID: PMC9233525 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Vitamin D3 plays an important role in affecting the overall remineralization process of the dentition. The use of supplements help to keep the levels at optimum and thus reduce the chances of treating very early lesion of caries. Hence the aim was to investigate the indirect effects of oral vitamin D3 on microhardness and elemental weight percentage of Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorous (P) in enamel surface with an artificially initiated carious lesion. Methods The 120 extracted premolars were randomly divided into five groups according to salivary immersion. Each group had a total of twenty-four participants, with the following characteristics: control +ve: sound enamel; control -ve: only subjected to pH cycle; A: pH cycle and immersion in control saliva; B: pH cycle and saliva collected after three weeks; and C: pH cycle and saliva collected after six weeks. The unstimulated saliva was collected from (40) adult volunteers receiving vitamin D3 1000IU gel capsules daily for six weeks. Before each vitamin D3 intake, 10 mL of unstimulated control saliva was collected from each participant. Then other 10 ml. were collected after three and six weeks of vitamin D receiving periods. Saliva immersion time (12 hours). Enamel surface was assessed by Vicker’s Microhardness machine and (X-ray fluorescence - XRF) spectrometer. Results For all specimens, there was a significant decrease in both (Ca and P weight %) after demineralization and then they significantly increased after receiving vitamin D3. The microhardness and elemental analysis provide confirmed results that were represented as a statistically significant difference at (P≤ 0.05) between groups that received vitamin D3 and those without vitamin D3 dosage. Conclusions Oral vitamin D3 has a significant potential in motivating remineralization of early lesions on the enamel surfaces representing improved surface microhardness and minerals content (Ca and P weight %) of demineralized tooth surfaces.
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The Intertwined Roles of Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Glaucoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050886. [PMID: 35624748 PMCID: PMC9137739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and the burden of the disease continues to grow as the global population ages. Currently, the only treatment option is to lower intraocular pressure. A better understanding of glaucoma pathogenesis will help us to develop novel therapeutic options. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance in redox homeostasis, with reactive oxygen species producing processes overcoming anti-oxidant defensive processes. Oxidative stress works in a synergistic fashion with endoplasmic reticulum stress, to drive glaucomatous damage to trabecular meshwork, retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve head. We discuss the oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and their connections including their key intermediary, calcium. We highlight therapeutic options aimed at disrupting these pathways and discuss their potential role in glaucoma treatment.
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Akhzari M, Barazesh M, Jalili S. Melatonin as an antioxidant agent in disease prevention: A biochemical focus. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178619666220325124451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
In the recent years, free radicals and oxidative stress have been found to be associated with aging, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases. Confirming the role of oxidants in numerous pathological situations including cancer, developing antioxidants as therapeutic platforms is needed. It has been well established that melatonin and its derived metabolites function as endogenous free-radical scavengers and broad spectrum antioxidants. To achieve this function, melatonin can directly detoxify reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species and indirectly overexpress antioxidant enzymes while suppressing the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes. Many investigations have also confirmed the role of melatonin and its derivatives in different physiological processes and therapeutic functions such as controlling the circadian rhythm and immune functions. This review aimed to focus on melatonin as a beneficial agent for the stimulation of antioxidant enzymes and inhibition of lipid peroxidation and to evaluate its contribution to protection against oxidative damages. In addition, the clinical application of melatonin in several diseases is discussed. Finally, the safety and efficacy of melatonin in clinical backgrounds is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Akhzari
- School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barazesh
- School of Paramedical, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Sajad Jalili
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz, Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Buczyńska A, Sidorkiewicz I, Hameed A, Krętowski AJ, Zbucka-Krętowska M. Future Perspectives in Oxidative Stress in Trisomy 13 and 18 Evaluation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071787. [PMID: 35407395 PMCID: PMC8999694 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal aneuploidies are the most frequently occurring congenital abnormalities and are related to many metabolic disorders, hormonal dysfunctions, neurotransmitter abnormalities, and intellectual disabilities. Trisomies are generated by an error of chromosomal segregation during cell division. Accumulating evidence has shown that deregulated gene expression resulting from the triplication of chromosomes 13 and 18 is associated with many disturbed cellular processes. Moreover, a disturbed oxidative stress status may be implicated in the occurrence of fetal malformations. Therefore, a literature review was undertaken to provide novel insights into the evaluation of trisomy 13 (T13) and 18 (T18) pathogeneses, with a particular concern on the oxidative stress. Corresponding to the limited literature data focused on factors leading to T13 and T18 phenotype occurrence, the importance of oxidative stress evaluation in T13 and T18 could enable the determination of subsequent disturbed metabolic pathways, highlighting the related role of mitochondrial dysfunction or epigenetics. This review illustrates up-to-date T13 and T18 research and discusses the strengths, limitations, and possible directions for future studies. The progressive unification of trisomy-related research protocols might provide potential medical targets in the future along with the implementation of the foundation of modern prenatal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Buczyńska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (I.S.); (A.H.); (A.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.Z.-K.); Tel.: +48-85-746-85-13 (A.B.); +48-85-746-83-36 (M.Z.-K.)
| | - Iwona Sidorkiewicz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (I.S.); (A.H.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Ahsan Hameed
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (I.S.); (A.H.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (I.S.); (A.H.); (A.J.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Zbucka-Krętowska
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Adolescent Gynecology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.Z.-K.); Tel.: +48-85-746-85-13 (A.B.); +48-85-746-83-36 (M.Z.-K.)
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Sadeghinezhad S, Khodamoradi E, Diojan L, Taeb S, Najafi M. Radioprotective Mechanisms of Arbutin: A Systematic Review. Curr Drug Res Rev 2022; 14:132-138. [PMID: 35319405 DOI: 10.2174/2589977514666220321114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Efforts to produce radioprotective agents of high potential are appropriate strategies for overcoming possible IR toxicity in organisms. The present research aims to evaluate the signaling pathways and mechanisms through which arbutin exerts radioprotective effects on organisms. METHODS The databases of PubMed, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched to find studies that reported radioprotective effects for arbutin. Besides, the data were searched within the time period from 2010 to 2020. RESULTS Five research articles met our criteria, which were included in the analysis based on their relevance to the topic. The present systematic review provides conclusions about various mechanisms and pathways through which arbutin induces radioprotection. CONCLUSIONS Based on the relevant studies, various mechanisms can be proposed for inducing radioprotective effects by arbutin, including inhibition of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Sadeghinezhad
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Loghman Diojan
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Chargari C, Rassy E, Helissey C, Achkar S, Francois S, Deutsch E. Impact of radiation therapy on healthy tissues. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 376:69-98. [PMID: 36997270 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy has a fundamental role in the management of cancers. However, despite a constant improvement in radiotherapy techniques, the issue of radiation-induced side effects remains clinically relevant. Mechanisms of acute toxicity and late fibrosis are therefore important topics for translational research to improve the quality of life of patients treated with ionizing radiations. Tissue changes observed after radiotherapy are consequences of complex pathophysiology, involving macrophage activation, cytokine cascade, fibrotic changes, vascularization disorders, hypoxia, tissue destruction and subsequent chronic wound healing. Moreover, numerous data show the impact of these changes in the irradiated stroma on the oncogenic process, with interplays between tumor radiation response and pathways involved in the fibrotic process. The mechanisms of radiation-induced normal tissue inflammation are reviewed, with a focus on the impact of the inflammatory process on the onset of treatment-related toxicities and the oncogenic process. Possible targets for pharmacomodulation are also discussed.
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Glycyrrhizin ameliorating sterile inflammation induced by low-dose radiation exposure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18356. [PMID: 34526618 PMCID: PMC8443578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a direct inhibitor of HMGB1 which acts as an alarmin when excreted into the extracellular space. High-dose radiation in radiotherapy induces collateral damage to the normal tissue, which can be mitigated by GL inhibiting HMGB1. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in HMGB1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines and to evaluate the protective effect of GL after low-dose radiation exposure. BALB/c mice were irradiated with 0.1 Gy (n = 10) and 1 Gy (n = 10) with GL being administered to half of the mice (n = 5, respectively) before irradiation. Blood and spleen samples were harvested and assessed for oxidative stress, HMGB1, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cell viability. HMGB1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines increased and cell viability decreased after irradiation in a dose-dependent manner. Oxidative stress also increased after irradiation, but did not differ between 0.1 Gy and 1 Gy. With the pretreatment of GL, oxidative stress, HMGB1, and all of the pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased while cell viability was preserved. Our findings indicate that even low-dose radiation can induce sterile inflammation by increasing serum HMGB1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines and that GL can ameliorate the sterile inflammatory process by inhibiting HMGB1 to preserve cell viability.
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Komorowska D, Gajewska A, Hikisz P, Bartosz G, Rodacka A. Comparison of the Effects of Resveratrol and Its Derivatives on the Radiation Response of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179511. [PMID: 34502426 PMCID: PMC8431402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is among the most important methods for breast cancer treatment. However, this method's effectiveness is limited by radioresistance. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the stilbene derivatives piceid, resveratrol, and piceatannol have a radiosensitising effect on breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The conducted research enabled us to determine which of the tested compounds has the greatest potential in sensitising cells to ionising radiation (IR). Among the stilbene derivatives, resveratrol significantly increased the effect of IR. Resveratrol and IR used in combination had a higher cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells than using piceatannol, piceid, or radiation alone. This was due to a significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which resulted in the accumulation of formed reactive oxygen species (ROS). The effect of resveratrol and IR enhanced the expression of apoptotic genes, such as Bax, p53, and caspase 8, leading to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Komorowska
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (D.K.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
| | - Agnieszka Gajewska
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (D.K.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
| | - Paweł Hikisz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (D.K.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Rzeszow University, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Rodacka
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (D.K.); (A.G.); (P.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +48-426354473
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Vitamin D Receptor Protects against Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mice via Inhibition of Intestinal Crypt Stem/Progenitor Cell Apoptosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092910. [PMID: 34578802 PMCID: PMC8466099 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is urgent to seek new potential targets for the prevention or relief of gastrointestinal syndrome in clinical radiation therapy for cancers. Vitamin D, mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), has been identified as a protective nutrient against ionizing radiation (IR)-induced damage. This study investigated whether VDR could inhibit IR-induced intestinal injury and explored underlying mechanism. We first found that vitamin D induced VDR expression and inhibited IR-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in vitro. VDR was highly expressed in intestinal crypts and was critical for crypt stem/progenitor cell proliferation under physiological conditions. Next, VDR-deficient mice exposed to IR significantly increased DNA damage and crypt stem/progenitor cell apoptosis, leading to impaired intestinal regeneration as well as shorter survival time. Furthermore, VDR deficiency activated the Pmaip1-mediated apoptotic pathway of intestinal crypt stem/progenitor cells in IR-treated mice, whereas inhibition of Pmaip1 expression by siRNA transfection protected against IR-induced cell apoptosis. Therefore, VDR protects against IR-induced intestinal injury through inhibition of crypt stem/progenitor cell apoptosis via the Pmaip1-mediated pathway. Our results reveal the importance of VDR level in clinical radiation therapy, and targeting VDR may be a useful strategy for treatment of gastrointestinal syndrome.
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