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Tomuleasa C, Tigu AB, Munteanu R, Moldovan CS, Kegyes D, Onaciu A, Gulei D, Ghiaur G, Einsele H, Croce CM. Therapeutic advances of targeting receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:201. [PMID: 39138146 PMCID: PMC11323831 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01899-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), a category of transmembrane receptors, have gained significant clinical attention in oncology due to their central role in cancer pathogenesis. Genetic alterations, including mutations, amplifications, and overexpression of certain RTKs, are critical in creating environments conducive to tumor development. Following their discovery, extensive research has revealed how RTK dysregulation contributes to oncogenesis, with many cancer subtypes showing dependency on aberrant RTK signaling for their proliferation, survival and progression. These findings paved the way for targeted therapies that aim to inhibit crucial biological pathways in cancer. As a result, RTKs have emerged as primary targets in anticancer therapeutic development. Over the past two decades, this has led to the synthesis and clinical validation of numerous small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), now effectively utilized in treating various cancer types. In this manuscript we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the RTKs in the context of cancer. We explored the various alterations and overexpression of specific receptors across different malignancies, with special attention dedicated to the examination of current RTK inhibitors, highlighting their role as potential targeted therapies. By integrating the latest research findings and clinical evidence, we seek to elucidate the pivotal role of RTKs in cancer biology and the therapeutic efficacy of RTK inhibition with promising treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Adrian-Bogdan Tigu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca Munteanu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian-Silviu Moldovan
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - David Kegyes
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov 3, 050044, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Onaciu
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Department of Leukemia, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik II, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Talukder MEK, Aktaruzzaman M, Siddiquee NH, Islam S, Wani TA, Alkahtani HM, Zargar S, Raihan MO, Rahman MM, Pokhrel S, Ahammad F. Cheminformatics-based identification of phosphorylated RET tyrosine kinase inhibitors for human cancer. Front Chem 2024; 12:1407331. [PMID: 39086985 PMCID: PMC11289668 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1407331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rearranged during transfection (RET), an oncogenic protein, is associated with various cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), pancreatic cancer, medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. Dysregulation of RET contributes to cancer development, highlighting the importance of identifying lead compounds targeting this protein due to its pivotal role in cancer progression. Therefore, this study aims to discover effective lead compounds targeting RET across different cancer types and evaluate their potential to inhibit cancer progression. Methods This study used a range of computational techniques, including Phase database creation, high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS), molecular docking, molecular mechanics with generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) solvation, assessment of pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, to identify potential lead compounds targeting RET. Results Initially, a high-throughput virtual screening of the ZINC database identified 2,550 compounds from a pool of 170,269. Subsequent molecular docking studies revealed 10 compounds with promising negative binding scores ranging from -8.458 to -7.791 kcal/mol. MM-GBSA analysis further confirmed the potential of four compounds to exhibit negative binding scores. MD simulations demonstrated the stability of CID 95842900, CID 137030374, CID 124958150, and CID 110126793 with the target receptors. Conclusion These findings suggest that these selected four compounds have the potential to inhibit phosphorylated RET (pRET) tyrosine kinase activity and may represent promising candidates for the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Enamul Kabir Talukder
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aktaruzzaman
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Noimul Hasan Siddiquee
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Biological Solution Centre, Jashore, Bangladesh
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Sabrina Islam
- Biological Sciences Department, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Obayed Raihan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Md. Mashiar Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Sushil Pokhrel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Foysal Ahammad
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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3
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Tripathi RK, Goyal L, Singh S. Potential Therapeutic Approach using Aromatic l-amino Acid Decarboxylase and Glial-derived Neurotrophic Factor Therapy Targeting Putamen in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:278-291. [PMID: 38310455 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232283842240102073002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative illness characterized by specific loss of dopaminergic neurons, resulting in impaired motor movement. Its prevalence is twice as compared to the previous 25 years and affects more than 10 million individuals. Lack of treatment still uses levodopa and other options as disease management measures. Treatment shifts to gene therapy (GT), which utilizes direct delivery of specific genes at the targeted area. Therefore, the use of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) therapy achieves an effective control to treat PD. Patients diagnosed with PD may experience improved therapeutic outcomes by reducing the frequency of drug administration while utilizing provasin and AADC as dopaminergic protective therapy. Enhancing the enzymatic activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glucocorticoid hormone (GCH), and AADC in the striatum would be useful for external L-DOPA to restore the dopamine (DA) level. Increased expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may also be beneficial in PD. Targeting GDNF therapy specifically to the putaminal region is clinically sound and beneficial in protecting the dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical studies supported the role of GDNF in exhibiting its neuroprotective effect in neurological disorders. Another Ret receptor, which belongs to the tyrosine kinase family, is expressed in dopaminergic neurons and sounds to play a vital role in inhibiting the advancement of PD. GDNF binding on those receptors results in the formation of a receptor-ligand complex. On the other hand, venous delivery of recombinant GDNF by liposome-based and encapsulated cellular approaches enables the secure and effective distribution of neurotrophic factors into the putamen and parenchyma. The current review emphasized the rate of GT target GDNF and AADC therapy, along with the corresponding empirical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Lav Goyal
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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4
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Saleh MM, El-Moselhy T, El-Bastawissy E, Ibrahim MAA, Sayed SRM, Hegazy MEF, Efferth T, Jaragh-Alhadad LA, Sidhom PA. The mystery of titan hunter: Rationalized striking of the MAPK pathway via Newly synthesized 6-Indolylpyridone-3-Carbonitrile derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115675. [PMID: 37506545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
MAPK pathway sparkles with RTK activation, passes through subsequent downstream RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling cascades, with consequent direct and indirect CDK4/6 signaling activation, and ends with cell survival, division, and proliferation. However, the emergence of anomalies such as mutations or overexpression in one or more points of the pathway could lead to cancer development and drug resistance. Therefore, designing small inhibitors to strike multitudinous MAPK pathway steps could be a promising synergistic strategy to confine cancer. In this study, twelve 6-indolylpyridone-3-carbonitrile candidates were synthesized and assessed in vitro for antineoplastic activity using four cancer cell lines. The initial antiproliferative screening revealed that compounds 3g, 3h, and 3i were the most potent candidates (GI% Avg = 70.10, 73.94, 74.33%, respectively) compared to staurosporine (GI% Avg = 70.99%). The subsequent safety and selectivity assessment showed that 3h exhibited sub-micromolar inhibition against lung cancer cells (HOP-92 GI50 = 0.75 μM) and 13.7 times selectivity toward cancerous cells over normal cells. As a result, 3h was nominated for deep mechanistic studies which evidenced that compound 3h impressively blocks multiple keystones of the MAPK pathway with nanomolar potency (EGFRWT IC50 = 281 nM, c-MET IC50 = 205 nM, B-RAFWT IC50 = 112 nM, and CDK4/6 IC50 = 95 and 184 nM, respectively). Surprisingly, 3h showed a remarkable potency against mutated EGFR and B-RAF, being 4 and 1.3 more selective to the mutated enzymes over the wild-type forms (EGFRT790M IC50 = 69 nM and B-RAFV600E IC50 = 83 nM). Ultimately, combined molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations were executed to inspect the mode of binding and the complex stability of 3h towards the keystones of the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Tarek El-Moselhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman El-Bastawissy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Shaban R M Sayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Center, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Peter A Sidhom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt.
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5
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Haider MS, Mahato AK, Kotliarova A, Forster S, Böttcher B, Stahlhut P, Sidorova Y, Luxenhofer R. Biological Activity In Vitro, Absorption, BBB Penetration, and Tolerability of Nanoformulation of BT44:RET Agonist with Disease-Modifying Potential for the Treatment of Neurodegeneration. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4348-4365. [PMID: 36219820 PMCID: PMC10565809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BT44 is a novel, second-generation glial cell line-derived neurotropic factor mimetic with improved biological activity and is a lead compound for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Like many other small molecules, it suffers from intrinsic poor aqueous solubility, posing significant hurdles at various levels for its preclinical development and clinical translation. Herein, we report a poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx)-based BT44 micellar nanoformulation with an ultrahigh drug-loading capacity of 47 wt %. The BT44 nanoformulation was comprehensively characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and cryo-transmission/scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TEM/SEM). The DSC, XRD, and redispersion studies collectively confirmed that the BT44 formulation can be stored as a lyophilized powder and can be redispersed upon need. The DLS suggested that the redispersed formulation is suitable for parenteral administration (Dh ≈ 70 nm). The cryo-TEM measurements showed the presence of wormlike structures in both the plain polymer and the BT44 formulation. The BT44 formulation retained biological activity in immortalized cells and in cultured dopamine neurons. The micellar nanoformulation of BT44 exhibited improved absorption (after subcutaneous injection) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, and no acute toxic effects in mice were observed. In conclusion, herein, we have developed an ultrahigh BT44-loaded aqueous injectable nanoformulation, which can be used to pave the way for its preclinical and clinical development for the management of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Salman Haider
- Functional
Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute
for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Röntgenring
11, 97070Würzburg, Germany
- University
Hospital of Würzburg, Department of Ophthalmology, Josef-Schneider-Street 11, D-97080Würzburg, Germany
| | - Arun Kumar Mahato
- Laboratory
of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anastasiia Kotliarova
- Laboratory
of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Forster
- Functional
Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute
for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Röntgenring
11, 97070Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Böttcher
- Biocenter
and Rudolf Virchow Centre, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Haus
D15, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Department
of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional
Materials and Biofabrication and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yulia Sidorova
- Laboratory
of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional
Polymer Materials, Chair for Advanced Materials Synthesis, Institute
for Functional Materials and Biofabrication, Department of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-University
Würzburg, Röntgenring
11, 97070Würzburg, Germany
- Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Helsinki Institute
of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, PB 55-00014Helsinki, Finland
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Beller NC, Wang Y, Hummon AB. Evaluating the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Chemotherapeutics within a Spatial SILAC-Labeled Spheroid Model System. Anal Chem 2023; 95:11263-11272. [PMID: 37462741 PMCID: PMC10676637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumors have considerable cellular heterogeneity that is impossible to explore with simple cell cultures. Spheroid cultures contain pathophysiological and chemical gradients similar to in vivo tumors and show complex responses to therapeutics, similar to a tumor. Using pulsed isotopic labels, we demonstrate the pronounced differential response of the proteome to the drug Regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, in HCT 116 spheroids. Regorafenib treatment of outer spheroids inhibits proteins involved in critical pathways such as mTOR signaling, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, and colorectal cancer metastasis signaling, resulting in decreased proliferation and cellular apoptosis. By contrast, analysis of the treated core cells shows upregulation of MAPK1 and KRAS, possibly implicating drug resistance within these late apoptotic cells. Thus, pulsed isotopic labeling enables evaluation of the distinct proteomic responses for cells residing in the different chemical microenvironments of the spheroid. This platform promises great utility in assisting researchers' predictions of pharmacodynamic therapeutic responses within complex tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C. Beller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yijia Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210, USA
| | - Amanda B. Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, 43210, USA
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de Leeuw SP, Pruis MA, Sikkema BJ, Mohseni M, Veerman GDM, Paats MS, Dumoulin DW, Smit EF, Schols AMWJ, Mathijssen RHJ, van Rossum EFC, Dingemans AMC. Analysis of Serious Weight Gain in Patients Using Alectinib for ALK-Positive Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:1017-1030. [PMID: 37001858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alectinib is a standard-of-care treatment for metastatic ALK+ NSCLC. Weight gain is an unexplored side effect reported in approximately 10%. To prevent or intervene alectinib-induced weight gain, more insight in its extent and etiology is needed. METHODS Change in body composition was analyzed in a prospective series of 46 patients with ALK+ NSCLC, treated with alectinib. Waist circumference, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and skeletal muscle were quantified using sliceOmatic software on computed tomography images at baseline, 3 months (3M), and 1 year (1Y). To investigate an exposure-toxicity relationship, alectinib plasma concentrations were quantified. Four patients with more than 10 kg weight gain were referred to Erasmus MC Obesity Center CGG for in-depth analysis (e.g., assessments of appetite, dietary habits, other lifestyle, medical and psychosocial factors, and extensive metabolic and endocrine assessments, including resting energy expenditure). RESULTS Mean increase in waist circumference was 9 cm (9.7%, p < 0.001) in 1Y with a 40% increase in abdominal obesity (p = 0.014). VAT increased to 10.8 cm2 (15.0%, p = 0.003) in 3M and 35.7 cm2 (39.0%, p < 0.001) in 1Y. SAT increased to 18.8 cm2 (12.4%, p < 0.001) in 3M and 45.4 cm2 (33.3%, p < 0.001) in 1Y. The incidence of sarcopenic obesity increased from 23.7% to 47.4% during 1Y of treatment. Baseline waist circumference was a positive predictor of increase in VAT (p = 0.037). No exposure-toxicity relationship was found. In-depth analysis (n = 4) revealed increased appetite in two patients and metabolic syndrome in all four patients. CONCLUSIONS Alectinib may cause relevant increased sarcopenic abdominal obesity, with increases of both VAT and SAT, quickly after initiation. This may lead to many serious metabolic, physical, and mental disturbances in long-surviving patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P de Leeuw
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melinda A Pruis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barend J Sikkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mostafa Mohseni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G D Marijn Veerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marthe S Paats
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne W Dumoulin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert F Smit
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie C Dingemans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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D'Acquisto F, D'Addario C, Cooper D, Pallanti S, Blacksell I. Peripheral control of psychiatric disorders: Focus on OCD. Are we there yet? Compr Psychiatry 2023; 123:152388. [PMID: 37060625 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
"We are all in this together" - we often hear this phrase when we want to flag up a problem that is not for a single individual but concerns us all. A similar reflection has been recently made in the field of mental disorders where brain-centric scientists have started to zoom out their brain-focused graphical representations of the mechanisms regulating psychiatric diseases to include other organs or mediators that did not belong historically to the world of neuroscience. The brain itself - that has long been seen as a master in command secluded in its fortress (the blood brain barrier), has now become a collection of Airbnb(s) where all sorts of cells come in and out and sometimes even rearrange the furniture! Under this new framework of reference, mental disorders have become multisystem pathologies where different biological systems - not just the CNS -contribute 'all together' to the development and severity of the disease. In this narrative review article, we will focus on one of the most popular biological systems that has been shown to influence the functioning of the CNS: the immune system. We will specifically highlight the two main features of the immune system and the CNS that we think are important in the context of mental disorders: plasticity and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio D'Acquisto
- School of Life and Health Science, University of Roehampton, London, UK.
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dianne Cooper
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stefano Pallanti
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine,New York, USA; Istituto di Neuroscienze, Florence, Italy
| | - Isobel Blacksell
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Discovery of 3,5-diaryl-1H-pyrazol-based ureas as potent RET inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115237. [PMID: 36905915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Rearranged during transfection (RET) is a promising target for antitumor drug development. Multikinase inhibitors (MKI) have been developed for RET-driven cancers but displayed limited efficacy in disease control. Two selective RET inhibitors were approved by FDA in 2020 and proved potent clinical efficacy. However, the discovery of novel RET inhibitors with high target selectivity and improved safety is still highly desirable. Herein, we reported a class of 3,5-diaryl-1H-pyrazol-based ureas as new RET inhibitors. The representative compounds 17a/b displayed high selectivity to other kinases, and potently inhibited isogenic BaF3-CCDC6-RET cells harboring wild-type, or gatekeeper mutation (V804M). They also displayed moderate potency against BaF3-CCDC6-RET-G810C with solvent-front mutation. Compound 17b showed better pharmacokinetics properties and demonstrated promising oral in vivo antitumor efficacy in a BaF3-CCDC6-RET-V804M xenograft model. It may be utilized as a new lead compound for further development.
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van der Hoef CCS, Boorsma EM, Emmens JE, van Essen BJ, Metra M, Ng LL, Anker SD, Dickstein K, Mordi IR, Dihoum A, Lang CC, van Veldhuisen DJ, Lam CSP, Voors AA. Biomarker signature and pathophysiological pathways in patients with chronic heart failure and metabolic syndrome. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:163-173. [PMID: 36597718 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The comorbidities that collectively define metabolic syndrome are common in patients with heart failure. However, the role of metabolic syndrome in the pathophysiology of heart failure is not well understood. We therefore investigated the clinical and biomarker correlates of metabolic syndrome in patients with heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS In 1103 patients with heart failure, we compared the biomarker expression using a panel of 363 biomarkers among patients with (n = 468 [42%]) and without (n = 635 [58%]) metabolic syndrome. Subsequently, a pathway overrepresentation analysis was performed to identify key biological pathways. Findings were validated in an independent cohort of 1433 patients with heart failure of whom 615 (43%) had metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of three or more of five criteria, including central obesity, elevated serum triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin resistance and hypertension. The most significantly elevated biomarkers in patients with metabolic syndrome were leptin (log2 fold change 0.92, p = 5.85 × 10-21 ), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (log2 fold change 0.61, p = 1.21 × 10-11 ), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (log2 fold change 0.47, p = 1.95 × 10-13 ), tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11a (log2 fold change 0.35, p = 4.16 × 10-9 ), and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Ret (log2 fold change 0.31, p = 4.87 × 10-9 ). Network analysis identified 10 pathways in the index cohort and 6 in the validation cohort, all related to inflammation. The primary overlapping pathway in both the index and validation cohorts was up-regulation of the natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway. CONCLUSION Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in heart failure and is associated with biomarkers and pathways relating to obesity, lipid metabolism and immune responses underlying chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla C S van der Hoef
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M Boorsma
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna E Emmens
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J van Essen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Metra
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Leong L Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK); and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kenneth Dickstein
- University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ify R Mordi
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Adel Dihoum
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chim C Lang
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Hasan GM, Shamsi A, Sohal SS, Alam M, Hassan MI. Structure-Based Identification of Natural Compounds as Potential RET-Kinase Inhibitors for Therapeutic Targeting of Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1519-1533. [PMID: 37718821 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Ret (RET), a proto-oncogene, is considered as an attractive drug target for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify potential inhibitors of RET kinase among natural compounds present in the ZINC database. METHODS A multistep structure-based virtual screening approach was used to identify potential RET kinase inhibitors based on their binding affinities, docking scores, and interactions with the biologically important residues of RET kinase. To further validate the potential of these compounds as therapeutic leads, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for 100 ns were carried out and subsequently evaluated the stability, conformational changes, and interaction mechanism of RET in-complex with the elucidated compounds. RESULTS Two natural compounds, ZINC02092851 and ZINC02726682, demonstrated high affinity, specificity for the ATP-binding pocket of RET and drug-likeness properties. The MD simulation outputs indicated that the binding of both compounds stabilizes the RET structure and leads to fewer conformational changes. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that ZINC02092851 and ZINC02726682 may be potential inhibitors for RET, offering valuable leads for drug development against RET-associated diseases. Our study provides a promising avenue for developing new therapeutic strategies against complex diseases, including AD. Identifying natural compounds with high affinity and specificity for RET provides a valuable starting point for developing novel drugs that could help combat these debilitating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry College of Medicine Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group Department of Laboratory Medicine School of Health Sciences College of Health and Medicine University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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12
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Araya P, Kinning KT, Coughlan C, Smith KP, Granrath RE, Enriquez-Estrada BA, Worek K, Sullivan KD, Rachubinski AL, Wolter-Warmerdam K, Hickey F, Galbraith MD, Potter H, Espinosa JM. IGF1 deficiency integrates stunted growth and neurodegeneration in Down syndrome. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111883. [PMID: 36577365 PMCID: PMC9876612 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), the genetic condition caused by trisomy 21 (T21), is characterized by stunted growth, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of diverse neurological conditions. Although signs of lifelong neurodegeneration are well documented in DS, the mechanisms underlying this phenotype await elucidation. Here we report a multi-omics analysis of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation biomarkers, plasma proteomics, and immune profiling in a diverse cohort of more than 400 research participants. We identified depletion of insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1), a master regulator of growth and brain development, as the top biosignature associated with neurodegeneration in DS. Individuals with T21 display chronic IGF1 deficiency downstream of growth hormone production, associated with a specific inflammatory profile involving elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Shorter children with DS show stronger IGF1 deficiency, elevated biomarkers of neurodegeneration, and increased prevalence of autism and other conditions. These results point to disruption of IGF1 signaling as a potential contributor to stunted growth and neurodegeneration in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Araya
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kohl T Kinning
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Keith P Smith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ross E Granrath
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Belinda A Enriquez-Estrada
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kayleigh Worek
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Angela L Rachubinski
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Section of Developmental Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristine Wolter-Warmerdam
- Sie Center for Down Syndrome, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Francis Hickey
- Sie Center for Down Syndrome, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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13
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Zhang Y, Chan S, He R, Liu Y, Song X, Tu ZC, Ren X, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Zhou F, Ding K. 1-Methyl-3-((4-(quinolin-4-yloxy)phenyl)amino)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives as new rearranged during Transfection (RET) kinase inhibitors capable of suppressing resistant mutants in solvent-front regions. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Konstantinou MP, Tournier E. Cutaneous Rosai Dorfman disease harboring RET and MAP2K1 mutations, successfully treated with methotrexate. Int J Dermatol 2022; 61:1409-1411. [PMID: 35569068 PMCID: PMC9790644 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Konstantinou
- Dermatology DepartmentPaul Sabatier University, University Hospital of ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Emilie Tournier
- Pathology DepartmentUniversity Institute of Cancer Toulouse Oncopole and University Hospital of ToulouseToulouseFrance
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15
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Zhang F, Wang Z, Meng Q, Song J, Yang S, Tang X, Zhao Y, Men S, Wang L. Disparate phenotypes in two unfavorable pregnancies due to maternal mosaicism of a novel RET gene mutation. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:84-90. [PMID: 35341763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in RET have been found in multiple diseases including isolated and associated congenital anomalies. Here, we report a case presented with disparate phenotypes in each pregnancy but caused by the same novel mutation. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the proband/abortion product-parental trio and a novel missense variant in RET (chr10:43615610C>G; c.2689C>G; p.Arg897Gly) was identified. The mother was a low-level somatic carrier of this new mutation, with 17.3% in blood, 19.1% in oralmucous membrane, and 15.7% in urine by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (dd PCR). Our finding not only broadens the mutation spectrum of RET but also gives supportive genetic counseling and timely guidance on fertility choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Meng
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiedong Song
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Tang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Men
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Putative dual inhibitors of mTOR and RET kinase from natural products: Pharmacophore-based hierarchical virtual screening. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Merkens L, Sailer V, Lessel D, Janzen E, Greimeier S, Kirfel J, Perner S, Pantel K, Werner S, von Amsberg G. Aggressive variants of prostate cancer: underlying mechanisms of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:46. [PMID: 35109899 PMCID: PMC8808994 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a hormone-driven disease and its tumor cell growth highly relies on increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Therefore, targeted therapy directed against androgen synthesis or AR activation is broadly used and continually improved. However, a subset of patients eventually progresses to castration-resistant disease. To date, various mechanisms of resistance have been identified including the development of AR-independent aggressive variant prostate cancer based on neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NED). Here, we review the highly complex processes contributing to NED. Genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional aberrations and posttranscriptional modifications are highlighted and the potential interplay of the different factors is discussed. Background Aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) with traits of neuroendocrine differentiation emerges in a rising number of patients in recent years. Among others, advanced therapies targeting the androgen receptor axis have been considered causative for this development. Cell growth of AVPC often occurs completely independent of the androgen receptor signal transduction pathway and cells have mostly lost the typical cellular features of prostate adenocarcinoma. This complicates both diagnosis and treatment of this very aggressive disease. We believe that a deeper understanding of the complex molecular pathological mechanisms contributing to transdifferentiation will help to improve diagnostic procedures and develop effective treatment strategies. Indeed, in recent years, many scientists have made important contributions to unravel possible causes and mechanisms in the context of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. However, the complexity of the diverse molecular pathways has not been captured completely, yet. This narrative review comprehensively highlights the individual steps of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation and makes an important contribution in bringing together the results found so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Merkens
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Verena Sailer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ella Janzen
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Greimeier
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Luebeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Luebeck, Germany.,Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Werner
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg HaTRiCs4, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Parate S, Kumar V, Chan Hong J, Lee KW. Investigating natural compounds against oncogenic RET tyrosine kinase using pharmacoinformatic approaches for cancer therapeutics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:1194-1207. [PMID: 35425116 PMCID: PMC8978841 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rearranged during transfection (RET) tyrosine kinase is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase regulating vital aspects of cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. An outstanding challenge in designing protein kinase inhibitors is due to the development of drug resistance. The “gain of function” mutations in the RET gate-keeper residue, Val804, confers resistance to the majority of known RET inhibitors, including vandetanib. To curtail this resistance, researchers developed selpercatinib (LOXO-292) against the RET gate-keeper mutant forms – V804M and V804L. In the present in silico investigation, a receptor–ligand pharmacophore model was generated to identify small molecule inhibitors effective for wild-type (WT) as well as mutant RET kinase variants. The generated model was employed to screen 144 766 natural products (NPs) available in the ZINC database and the retrieved NPs were filtered for their drug-likeness. The resulting 2696 drug-like NPs were subjected to molecular docking with the RET WT kinase domain and a total of 27 molecules displayed better dock scores than the reference inhibitors – vandetanib and selpercatinib. From 27 NPs, an aggregate of 12 compounds demonstrated better binding free energy (BFE) scores than the reference inhibitors, towards RET. Thus, the 12 NPs were also subjected to docking, simulation, and BFE estimation towards the constructed gate-keeper RET mutant structures. The BFE calculations revealed 3 hits with better BFE scores than the reference inhibitors towards WT, V804M, and V804L RET variants. Thus, the scaffolds of hit compounds presented in this study could act as potent RET inhibitors and further provide insights for drug optimization targeting aberrant activation of RET signaling, specifically the mutation of gate-keeper residue – Val804. Identification of natural product inhibitors against rearranged during transfection (RET) tyrosine kinase as cancer therapeutics using combination of in silico techniques.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Parate
- Division of Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Division of Life Sciences, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Program), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Applied Life Science, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Program), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Korea
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19
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TAKAHASHI M. RET receptor signaling: Function in development, metabolic disease, and cancer. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 98:112-125. [PMID: 35283407 PMCID: PMC8948417 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.98.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase whose alterations are responsible for various human cancers and developmental disorders, including thyroid cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, and Hirschsprung's disease. RET receptors are physiologically activated by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands that bind to the coreceptor GDNF family receptor α (GFRα). Signaling via the GDNF/GFRα1/RET ternary complex plays crucial roles in the development of the enteric nervous system, kidneys, and urinary tract, as well as in the self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells. In addition, another ligand, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15), has been shown to bind to GFRα-like and activate RET, regulating body weight. GDF15 is a stress response cytokine, and its elevated serum levels affect metabolism and anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Moreover, recent development of RET-specific kinase inhibitors contributed significantly to progress in the treatment of patients with RET-altered cancer. This review focuses on the broad roles of RET in development, metabolic diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide TAKAHASHI
- International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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20
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Saha D, Ryan KR, Lakkaniga NR, Acharya B, Garcia NG, Smith EL, Frett B. Targeting Rearranged during Transfection in Cancer: A Perspective on Small-Molecule Inhibitors and Their Clinical Development. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11747-11773. [PMID: 34402300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rearranged during transfection (RET) is a receptor tyrosine kinase essential for the normal development and maturation of a diverse range of tissues. Aberrant RET signaling in cancers, due to RET mutations, gene fusions, and overexpression, results in the activation of downstream pathways promoting survival, growth, and metastasis. Pharmacological manipulation of RET is effective in treating RET-driven cancers, and efforts toward developing RET-specific therapies have increased over the last 5 years. In 2020, RET-selective inhibitors pralsetinib and selpercatinib achieved clinical approval, which marked the first approvals for kinase inhibitors specifically developed to target the RET oncoprotein. This Perspective discusses current development and clinical applications for RET precision medicine by providing an overview of the incremental improvement of kinase inhibitors for use in RET-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
| | - Katie Rose Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
| | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
| | - Baku Acharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
| | - Noemi Garcia Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
| | - Erica Lane Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
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21
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Kotliarova A, Sidorova YA. Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Ligands, Players at the Interface of Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection: Focus Onto the Glia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:679034. [PMID: 34220453 PMCID: PMC8250866 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.679034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-known effects of neurotrophic factors are related to supporting the survival and functioning of various neuronal populations in the body. However, these proteins seem to also play less well-documented roles in glial cells, thus, influencing neuroinflammation. This article summarizes available data on the effects of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands (GFLs), proteins providing trophic support to dopaminergic, sensory, motor and many other neuronal populations, in non-neuronal cells contributing to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. The paper also contains our own limited data describing the effects of small molecules targeting GFL receptors on the expression of the satellite glial marker IBA1 in dorsal root ganglia of rats with surgery- and diabetes-induced neuropathy. In our experiments activation of GFLs receptors with either GFLs or small molecule agonists downregulated the expression of IBA1 in this tissue of experimental animals. While it can be a secondary effect due to a supportive role of GFLs in neuronal cells, growing body of evidence indicates that GFL receptors are expressed in glial and peripheral immune system cells. Thus, targeting GFL receptors with either proteins or small molecules may directly suppress the activation of glial and immune system cells and, therefore, reduce neuroinflammation. As neuroinflammation is considered to be an important contributor to the process of neurodegeneration these data further support research efforts to modulate the activity of GFL receptors in order to develop disease-modifying treatments for neurodegenerative disorders and neuropathic pain that target both neuronal and glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Kotliarova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yulia A Sidorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Porębska N, Poźniak M, Matynia A, Żukowska D, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. Galectins as modulators of receptor tyrosine kinases signaling in health and disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 60:89-106. [PMID: 33863623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) constitute a large group of cell surface proteins that mediate communication of cells with extracellular environment. RTKs recognize external signals and transfer information to the cell interior, modulating key cellular activities, like metabolism, proliferation, motility, or death. To ensure balanced stream of signals the activity of RTKs is tightly regulated by numerous mechanisms, including receptor expression and degradation, ligand specificity and availability, engagement of co-receptors, cellular trafficking of the receptors or their post-translational modifications. One of the most widespread post-translational modifications of RTKs is glycosylation of their extracellular domains. The sugar chains attached to RTKs form a new layer of information, so called glyco-code that is read by galectins, carbohydrate binding proteins. Galectins are family of fifteen lectins implicated in immune response, inflammation, cell division, motility and death. The versatility of cellular activities attributed to galectins is a result of their high abundance and diversity of their cellular targets. A various sugar specificity of galectins and the differential ability of galectin family members to form oligomers affect the spatial distribution and the function of their cellular targets. Importantly, galectins and RTKs are tightly linked to the development, progression and metastasis of various cancers. A growing number of studies points on the close cooperation between RTKs and galectins in eliciting specific cellular responses. This review focuses on the identified complexes between galectins and RTK members and discusses their relevance for the cell physiology both in healthy tissues and in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Porębska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Poźniak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Matynia
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Żukowska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
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23
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Rebuzzi SE, Zullo L, Rossi G, Grassi M, Murianni V, Tagliamento M, Prelaj A, Coco S, Longo L, Dal Bello MG, Alama A, Dellepiane C, Bennicelli E, Malapelle U, Genova C. Novel Emerging Molecular Targets in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052625. [PMID: 33807876 PMCID: PMC7961376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the scenario of systemic treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, one of the most relevant breakthroughs is represented by targeted therapies. Throughout the last years, inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-Ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), and V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) have been approved and are currently used in clinical practice. However, other promising molecular drivers are rapidly emerging as therapeutic targets. This review aims to cover the molecular alterations with a potential clinical impact in NSCLC, including amplifications or mutations of the mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (MET), fusions of rearranged during transfection (RET), rearrangements of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes, mutations of the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), as well as amplifications or mutations of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Additionally, we summarized the current status of targeted agents under investigation for such alterations. This revision of the current literature on emerging molecular targets is needed as the evolving knowledge on novel actionable oncogenic drivers and targeted agents is expected to increase the proportion of patients who will benefit from tailored therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Elena Rebuzzi
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.T.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lodovica Zullo
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- Medical Oncology Department, Ospedale Padre Antero Micone, 16153 Genoa, Italy;
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Roma 151, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Grassi
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Veronica Murianni
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Marco Tagliamento
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.T.); (C.G.)
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Arsela Prelaj
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Milan, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Luca Longo
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Dal Bello
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Angela Alama
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Chiara Dellepiane
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisa Bennicelli
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.Z.); (S.C.); (L.L.); (M.G.D.B.); (A.A.); (C.D.); (E.B.)
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carlo Genova
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.T.); (C.G.)
- UO Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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