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Chen Y, Ma H, Liang J, Sun C, Wang D, Chen K, Zhao J, Ji S, Ma C, Ye X, Cao J, Wang Y, Sun C. Hepatoprotective potential of four fruit extracts rich in different structural flavonoids against alcohol-induced liver injury via gut microbiota-liver axis. Food Chem 2024; 460:140460. [PMID: 39068798 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury (ALI) accounts for a major share of the global burden of non-viral liver disease. In the absence of specialized medications, research on using fruit flavonoids as a treatment is gaining momentum. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of four fruits rich in structurally diverse flavonoids: ougan (Citrus reticulata cv. Suavissima, OG), mulberry (Morus alba L., MB), apple (Malus × domestica Borkh., AP), and turnjujube (Hovenia dulcis Thunnb., TJ). A total of one flavanone glycoside, three polymethoxyflavones, two anthocyanins, one flavonol glycoside, and one dihydroflavonol were identified through UPLC analysis. In an acute ethanol-induced ALI mouse model, C57BL/6J mice were supplemented with 200 mg/kg·BW/day of different fruit extracts for three weeks. Our results showed that the four extracts exhibited promising benefits in improving lipid metabolism disorders, iron overload, and oxidative stress. RT-PCR and Western blot tests suggested that the potential mechanism may partially be attributed to the activation of the NRF2-mediated antioxidant response and the inhibition of ferroptosis pathways. Furthermore, fruit extracts administration demonstrated a specific regulatory role in intestinal microecology, with increases in beneficial bacteria such as Dubosiella, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium. Spearman correlation analysis revealed strong links between intestinal flora, lipid metabolism, and iron homeostasis, implying that the fruit extracts mitigated ALI via the gut microbiota-liver axis. In vitro experiments reaffirmed the activity against ethanol-induced oxidative damage and highlighted the positive effects of flavonoid components. These findings endorse the prospective application of OG, MB, AP, and TJ as dietary supplements or novel treatments for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanbing Ma
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui Sun
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengliang Wang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Quzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Quzhou, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Liandu Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Lishui, China
| | - Jinmiao Zhao
- Liandu Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Lishui, China
| | - Shiyu Ji
- Lishui Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Zhejiang NongZhen Food Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianming Ye
- Zhejiang JiaNong Fruit & Vegetable Co., Ltd., Quzhou, China
| | - Jinping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Fruit Science Institute, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Yang Y, Schnabl B. Gut Bacteria in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Clin Liver Dis 2024; 28:663-679. [PMID: 39362714 PMCID: PMC11450261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) poses a significant global public health challenge, with high patient mortality rates and economic burden. The gut microbiome plays an important role in the onset and progression of alcohol-associated liver disease. Excessive alcohol consumption disrupts the intestinal barrier, facilitating the entry of harmful microbes and their products into the liver, exacerbating liver damage. Dysbiosis, marked by imbalance in gut bacteria, correlates with ALD severity. Promising microbiota-centered therapies include probiotics, phages, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Clinical trials demonstrate the potential of these interventions to improve liver function and patient outcomes, offering a new frontier in ALD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
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Yi Y, Yan Y, Zhan G, Deng W, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Gao J, Gong Q. Trilobatin, a Novel Naturally Occurring Food Additive, Ameliorates Alcoholic Liver Disease in Mice: Involvement of Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis and Yap/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39169659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Trilobatin, a novel natural food additive, exerts a protective effect on acute liver injury. However, whether Trilobatin can protect against alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has not been elucidated. This research is intended to ascertain the impact of Trilobatin on ALD in mice and decipher the potential underlying mechanisms. Lieber-DeCarli liquid alcohol diet was used to induce ALD in mice, followed by administration of Trilobatin (10, 20, 40 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 15 days. The results suggested that Trilobatin significantly alleviated ethanol-induced hepatic injury in mice. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis revealed that yes-associated protein (YAP) downregulation occurred in the liver after Trilobatin treatment. Mechanistically, Trilobatin directly bound to YAP and hindered its nuclear translocation, which activated the Nrf2 pathway to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Intriguingly, 16S rDNA analysis results revealed that Trilobatin reshaped the gut microbiota, reducing harmful bacteria and increasing beneficial bacteria. It also enhanced tight junction proteins, defending against damage to the intestinal barrier. These findings not only highlight the microbiota-gut-liver axis and YAP/Nrf2 pathway as crucial potential targets to treat ALD but also reveal that Trilobatin effectively protects against ALD, at least partly, through modulating the microbiota-gut-liver axis and YAP/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Chinese Pharmacological Society-Guizhou Province Joint Laboratory for Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - You Yan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Chinese Pharmacological Society-Guizhou Province Joint Laboratory for Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Guiyu Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Chinese Pharmacological Society-Guizhou Province Joint Laboratory for Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Weikun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Chinese Pharmacological Society-Guizhou Province Joint Laboratory for Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yuandong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Chinese Pharmacological Society-Guizhou Province Joint Laboratory for Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jianmei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Chinese Pharmacological Society-Guizhou Province Joint Laboratory for Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Qihai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Chinese Pharmacological Society-Guizhou Province Joint Laboratory for Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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Yu J, Zhang B. Bacteroides acidifaciens drives a liver detox program. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:1212-1214. [PMID: 39146790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease is a leading cause of chronic liver conditions, yet there are limited effective therapies. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Shen et al. demonstrate that soluble dietary fiber enhances intestinal Bacteroides acidifaciens, which ameliorates alcohol-associated liver injury in mice by activating hepatic ornithine aminotransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Cheng Z, Yang L, Chu H. The role of gut microbiota, exosomes, and their interaction in the pathogenesis of ALD. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00268-6. [PMID: 38969094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver disorders caused by alcohol abuse are termed alcoholic-related liver disease (ALD), including alcoholic steatosis, alcoholic steatohepatitis alcoholic hepatitis, and alcoholic cirrhosis, posing a significant threat to human health. Currently, ALD pathogenesis has not been completely clarified, which is likely to be related to the direct damage caused by alcohol and its metabolic products, oxidative stress, gut dysbiosis, and exosomes. AIMS The existing studies suggest that both the gut microbiota and exosomes contribute to the development of ALD. Moreover, there exists an interaction between the gut microbiota and exosomes. We discuss whether this interaction plays a role in the pathogenesis of ALD and whether it can be a potential therapeutic target for ALD treatment. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Chronic alcohol intake alters the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, which greatly contributes to ALD's progression. Some approaches targeting the gut microbiota, including probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and phage therapy, have been confirmed to effectively ameliorate ALD in many animal experiments and/or several clinical trials. In ALD, the levels of exosomes and the expression profile of microRNA have also changed, which affects the pathogenesis of ALD. Moreover, there is an interplay between exosomes and the gut microbiota, which also putatively acts as a pathogenic factor of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Kuo CH, Wu LL, Chen HP, Yu J, Wu CY. Direct effects of alcohol on gut-epithelial barrier: Unraveling the disruption of physical and chemical barrier of the gut-epithelial barrier that compromises the host-microbiota interface upon alcohol exposure. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:1247-1255. [PMID: 38509796 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The development of alcohol-associated diseases is multifactorial, mechanism of which involves metabolic alteration, dysregulated immune response, and a perturbed intestinal host-environment interface. Emerging evidence has pinpointed the critical role of the intestinal host-microbiota interaction in alcohol-induced injuries, suggesting its contribution to disease initiation and development. To maintain homeostasis in the gut, the intestinal mucosa serves as the first-line defense against exogenous factors in the gastrointestinal tract, including dietary contents and the commensal microbiota. The gut-epithelial barrier comprises a physical barrier lined with a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells and a chemical barrier with mucus trapping host regulatory factors and gut commensal bacteria. In this article, we review recent studies pertaining to the disrupted gut-epithelial barrier upon alcohol exposure and examine how alcohol and its metabolism can affect the regulatory ability of intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Baffy G, Portincasa P. Gut Microbiota and Sinusoidal Vasoregulation in MASLD: A Portal Perspective. Metabolites 2024; 14:324. [PMID: 38921459 PMCID: PMC11205793 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common condition with heterogeneous outcomes difficult to predict at the individual level. Feared complications of advanced MASLD are linked to clinically significant portal hypertension and are initiated by functional and mechanical changes in the unique sinusoidal capillary network of the liver. Early sinusoidal vasoregulatory changes in MASLD lead to increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and represent the beginning of portal hypertension. In addition, the composition and function of gut microbiota in MASLD are distinctly different from the healthy state, and multiple lines of evidence demonstrate the association of dysbiosis with these vasoregulatory changes. The gut microbiota is involved in the biotransformation of nutrients, production of de novo metabolites, release of microbial structural components, and impairment of the intestinal barrier with impact on innate immune responses, metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and vasoregulation in the liver and beyond. The gut-liver axis is a conceptual framework in which portal circulation is the primary connection between gut microbiota and the liver. Accordingly, biochemical and hemodynamic attributes of portal circulation may hold the key to better understanding and predicting disease progression in MASLD. However, many specific details remain hidden due to limited access to the portal circulation, indicating a major unmet need for the development of innovative diagnostic tools to analyze portal metabolites and explore their effect on health and disease. We also need to safely and reliably monitor portal hemodynamics with the goal of providing preventive and curative interventions in all stages of MASLD. Here, we review recent advances that link portal metabolomics to altered sinusoidal vasoregulation and may allow for new insights into the development of portal hypertension in MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyorgy Baffy
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, University ‘Aldo Moro’ Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
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Li B, Jiang XF, Dong YJ, Zhang YP, He XLS, Zhou CL, Ding YY, Wang N, Wang YB, Cheng WQ, Jiang NH, Su J, Lv GY, Chen SH. The effects of Atractylodes macrocephala extract BZEP self-microemulsion based on gut-liver axis HDL/LPS signaling pathway to ameliorate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116519. [PMID: 38663104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Atractylodes macrocephala extract crystallize (BZEP) and BZEP self-microemulsion (BZEPWR) on metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) induced by "high sugar, high fat, and excessive alcohol consumption" based on the gut-liver axis HDL/LPS signaling pathway. METHODS In this study, BZEP and BZEPWR were obtained via isolation, purification, and microemulsification. Furthermore, an anthropomorphic MAFLD rat model of "high sugar, high fat, and excessive alcohol consumption" was established. The therapeutic effects of BZEPWR and BZEP on the model rats were evaluated in terms of liver function, lipid metabolism (especially HDL-C), serum antioxidant indexes, and liver and intestinal pathophysiology. To determine the lipoproteins in the serum sample, the amplitudes of a plurality of NMR spectra were derived via deconvolution of the composite methyl signal envelope to yield HDL-C subclass concentrations. The changes in intestinal flora were detected via 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. In addition, the gut-liver axis HDL/LPS signaling pathway was validated using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot. RESULTS The findings established that BZEPWR and BZEP improved animal signs, serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), lipid metabolism (TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C), and antioxidant indexes (GSH, SOD, and ROS). In addition, pathological damage to the liver, colon, and ileum was ameliorated, and the intestinal barrier function of the model rats was restored. At the genus level, BZEPWR and BZEP exerted positive effects on beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and norank_f__Muribaculaceae, and inhibitory effects on harmful bacteria, such as unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae and Blautia. Twenty HDL-C subspecies were detected, and their levels were differentially increased in both BZEPWR and BZEP groups, with BZEPWR exhibiting a stronger elevating effect on specific HDL-C subspecies. Also, the gut-liver axis HDL/LPS signaling pathway was studied, which indicated that BZEPWR and BZEP significantly increased the expressions of ABCA1, LXR, occludin, and claudin-1 proteins in the gut and serum levels of HDL-C. Concomitantly, the levels of LPS in the serum and TLR4, Myd88, and NF-κB proteins in the liver were decreased. CONCLUSION BZEPWR and BZEP exert restorative and reversal effects on the pathophysiological damage to the gut-liver axis in MAFLD rats, and the therapeutic mechanism may be related to the regulation of the intestinal flora and the HDL/LPS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ying-Jie Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548, Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, China
| | - Yi-Piao Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, China
| | - Xing-Li-Shang He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, China
| | - Yan-Yan Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, China
| | - Yi-Bin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, China
| | - Wan-Qi Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, China
| | - Ning-Hua Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China.
| | - Jie Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548, Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548, Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM for Innovative R & D and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM Great Health Products, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313200, China.
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Zhang L, Ma Z, Zhang X, Wang J, Tian W, Ren Y, Liu Y, Wang T, Li Y, Liu Y, Shen W, Li T, Liu J, Ma J, Zhang X, Yang S, Wang H. Butyrate alleviates alcoholic liver disease-associated inflammation through macrophage regulation and polarization via the HDAC1/miR-155 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111852. [PMID: 38492338 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently found that butyrate could ameliorate inflammation of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in mice. However, the exact mechanism remains incompletely comprehended. Here, we examined the role of butyrate on ALD-associated inflammation through macrophage (Mψ) regulation and polarization using in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS For in vivo experiments, C57BL/6J mice were fed modified Lieber-DeCarli liquid diets supplemented with or without ethanol and sodium butyrate (NaB). After 6 weeks of treatment, mice were euthanized and associated indicators were analyzed. For in vitro experiments, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory murine RAW264.7 cells were treated with NaB or miR-155 inhibitor/mimic to verify the anti-inflammatory effect and underlying mechanism. RESULTS The administration of NaB alleviated pathological damage and associated inflammation, including LPS, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β levels in ALD mice. NaB intervention restored the imbalance of macrophage polarization by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and elevating arginase-1 (Arg-1). Moreover, NaB reduced histone deacetylase-1 (HDAC1), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), and miR-155 expression in ALD mice, but also increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Thus, MiR-155 was identified as a strong regulator of ALD. To further penetrate the role of miR-155, LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells co-cultured with NaB were treated with the specific inhibitor or mimic. Intriguingly, miR-155 was capable of negatively regulated inflammation with NaB intervention by targeting SOCS1, SHIP1, and IRAK-M genes. CONCLUSION Butyrate suppresses the inflammation in mice with ALD by regulating macrophage polarization via the HDAC1/miR-155 axis, which may potentially contribute to the novel therapeutic treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- Yinchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Jing Wang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Wenyan Tian
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Yi Ren
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Yajuan Liu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Wenke Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Ting Li
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Jian Liu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Junbai Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China.
| | - Shaoqi Yang
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University (the First Clinical Medical College of Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004 Ningxia, China.
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Perlin CM, Longo L, Thoen RU, Uribe-Cruz C, Álvares-DA-Silva MR. COMPARISON OF GUT MICROBIOTA IN ALCOHOLIC AND METABOLIC-DYSFUNCION ASSOCIATED STEATOTIC LIVER DISEASE IN ANIMAL MODELS. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2024; 61:e23100. [PMID: 38511793 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.24612023-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are common, and gut microbiota (GM) is involved with both. Here we compared GM composition in animal models of MASLD and ALD to assess whether there are specific patterns for each disease. METHODS MASLD model- adult male Sprague Dawley rats, randomized into two groups: MASLD-control (n=10) fed a standard diet; MASLD-group (n=10) fed a high-fat-choline-deficient diet for 16 weeks. ALD model- adult male Wistar rats randomized: ALD-control (n=8) fed a standard diet and water+0.05% saccharin, ALD groups fed with sunflower seed and 10% ethanol+0.05% saccharin for 4 or 8 weeks (ALC4, n=8; ALC8, n=8). ALC4/8 on the last day received alcoholic binge (5g/kg of ethanol). Afterwards, animals were euthanized, and feces were collected for GM analysis. RESULTS Both experimental models induced typical histopathological features of the diseases. Alpha diversity was lower in MASLD compared with ALD (p<0.001), and structural pattern was different between them (P<0.001). Bacteroidetes (55.7%), Firmicutes (40.6%), and Proteobacteria (1.4%) were the most prevalent phyla in all samples, although differentially abundant among groups. ALC8 had a greater abundance of the phyla Cyanobacteria (5.3%) and Verrucomicrobiota (3.2%) in relation to the others. Differential abundance analysis identified Lactobacillaceae_unclassified, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Turicibacter associated with ALC4 and the Clostridia_UCG_014_ge and Gastranaerophilales_ge genera to ALC8. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that the structural pattern of the GM differs significantly between MASLD and ALD models. Studies are needed to characterize the microbiota and metabolome in both clinical conditions to find new therapeutic strategies. BACKGROUND •Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota are related to the development of alcoholic liver disease and metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease. BACKGROUND •The diversity of the intestinal microbiota was lower in animals with MASLD compared to ALD. BACKGROUND •The structural pattern of the intestinal microbiota was significantly different among the experimental groups. BACKGROUND •Studies are needed to characterize the composition of the intestinal microbiota and metabolome to find new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Marques Perlin
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Larisse Longo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Rutiane Ullmann Thoen
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Carolina Uribe-Cruz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Universidade Católica de las Misiones, Posadas - 3300, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mário Reis Álvares-DA-Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Laboratório Experimental de Hepatologia e Gastroenterologia, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Divisão de Gastroenterologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
- Pesquisador do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasil
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Shao J, Lai C, Zheng Q, Luo Y, Li C, Zhang B, Sun Y, Liu S, Shi Y, Li J, Zhao Z, Guo L. Effects of dietary arsenic exposure on liver metabolism in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116147. [PMID: 38460405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic, a ubiquitous environmental toxicant with various forms and complex food matrix interactions, can reportedly exert differential effects on the liver compared to drinking water exposure. To examine its specific liver-related harms, we targeted the liver in C57BL/6 J mice (n=48, 8-week-old) fed with arsenic-contaminated food (30 mg/kg) for 60 days, mimicking the rice arsenic composition observed in real-world scenarios (iAsV: 7.3%, iAsIII: 72.7%, MMA: 1.0%, DMA: 19.0%). We then comprehensively evaluated liver histopathology, metabolic changes, and the potential role of the gut-liver axis using human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and microbiota/metabolite analyses. Rice arsenic exposure significantly altered hepatic lipid (fatty acids, glycerol lipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids) and metabolite (glutathione, thioneine, spermidine, inosine, indole-derivatives, etc.) profiles, disrupting 33 metabolic pathways (bile secretion, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, ferroptosis, etc.). Pathological examination revealed liver cell necrosis/apoptosis, further confirmed by ferroptosis induction in HepG2 cells. Gut microbiome analysis showed enrichment of pathogenic bacteria linked to liver diseases and depletion of beneficial strains. Fecal primary and secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and branched-chain amino acids were also elevated. Importantly, mediation analysis revealed significant correlations between gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, and liver metabolic alterations, suggesting fecal metabolites may mediate the impact of gut microbiota and liver metabolic disorders. Gut microbiota and its metabolites may play significant roles in arsenic-induced gut-liver injuries. Overall, our findings demonstrate that rice arsenic exposure triggers oxidative stress, disrupts liver metabolism, and induces ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Shao
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chengze Lai
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qiuyi Zheng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Guangzhou Liwan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510176, China
| | - Chengji Li
- Yunfu Disease Control and Prevention Center, Guangdong Province 527300, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yanqin Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shizhen Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jinglin Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zuguo Zhao
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Lianxian Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Public Health Laboratory Science, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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12
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Liu Z, Liu T, Zhang Z, Fan Y. Bacillus coagulans regulates gut microbiota and ameliorates the alcoholic-associated liver disease in mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1337185. [PMID: 38596381 PMCID: PMC11002907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1337185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcoholic-associated liver diseases (ALD) are now widespread issues worldwide. Alcoholic-induced chronic dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is one of the factors in the pathophysiology of ALD. Methods In this work, we employed a chronic-binge ethanol feeding mice model, as described in a previous report. Results Our findings demonstrate that hepatic inflammatory injury damage and accumulation of fat can be effectively reduced in mice with ALD by altering the gut microbiota utilizing Bacillus coagulans. Treatment with B. coagulans significantly modulates the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-22 cytokines while maintaining tight junction proteins and mucin protein expressions to support intestinal barrier function restoration. Treatment with B. coagulans also alters the composition of the gut microbiota and increases the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Discussion This is mostly due to B. coagulans promotes the growth of bacteria that produce SCFAs, such as Ruminococcus species and Akkermansia, while inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia Shigella. Moreover, treatment with B. coagulans causes levels of 2-Ketobutyric acid, ketoleucine, and indoleacetic acid increase while homovanillic acid and 3'-O-Methylguanosine metabolites decrease significantly. This study facilitates the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for ALD using lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yurong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Thilakarathna WPDW, Rupasinghe HPV. Proanthocyanidins-Based Synbiotics as a Novel Strategy for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Risk Reduction. Molecules 2024; 29:709. [PMID: 38338453 PMCID: PMC10856248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease worldwide, is a spectrum of liver abnormalities ranging from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by excessive lipid accumulation. The prevalence of NAFLD is predicted to increase rapidly, demanding novel approaches to reduce the global NAFLD burden. Flavonoids, the most abundant dietary polyphenols, can reduce the risk of NAFLD. The majority of dietary flavonoids are proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are oligomers and polymers of the flavonoid sub-group flavan-3-ols. The efficacy of PAC in reducing the NAFLD risk can be significantly hindered by low bioavailability. The development of synbiotics by combining PAC with probiotics may increase effectiveness against NAFLD by biotransforming PAC into bioavailable metabolites. PAC and probiotic bacteria are capable of mitigating steatosis primarily through suppressing de novo lipogenesis and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. PAC and probiotic bacteria can reduce the progression of steatosis to NASH mainly through ameliorating hepatic damage and inflammation induced by hepatic oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Synbiotics of PAC are superior in reducing the risk of NAFLD compared to independent administration of PAC and probiotics. The development of PAC-based synbiotics can be a novel strategy to mitigate the increasing incidence of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasitha P. D. W. Thilakarathna
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
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14
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Song Q, Hwang CL, Li Y, Wang J, Park J, Lee SM, Sun Z, Sun J, Xia Y, Nieto N, Cordoba-Chacon J, Jiang Y, Dou X, Song Z. Gut-derived ammonia contributes to alcohol-related fatty liver development via facilitating ethanol metabolism and provoking ATF4-dependent de novo lipogenesis activation. Metabolism 2024; 151:155740. [PMID: 37995805 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysbiosis contributes to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD); however, the precise mechanisms remain elusive. Given the critical role of the gut microbiota in ammonia production, we herein aim to investigate whether and how gut-derived ammonia contributes to ALD. METHODS Blood samples were collected from human subjects with/without alcohol drinking. Mice were exposed to the Lieber-DeCarli isocaloric control or ethanol-containing diets with and without rifaximin (a nonabsorbable antibiotic clinically used for lowering gut ammonia production) supplementation for five weeks. Both in vitro (NH4Cl exposure of AML12 hepatocytes) and in vivo (urease administration for 5 days in mice) hyperammonemia models were employed. RNA sequencing and fecal amplicon sequencing were performed. Ammonia and triglyceride concentrations were measured. The gene and protein expression of enzymes involved in multiple pathways were measured. RESULTS Chronic alcohol consumption causes hyperammonemia in both mice and human subjects. In healthy livers and hepatocytes, ammonia exposure upregulates the expression of urea cycle genes, elevates hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), and increases fat accumulation. Intriguingly, ammonia promotes ethanol catabolism and acetyl-CoA formation, which, together with ammonia, synergistically facilitates intracellular fat accumulation in hepatocytes. Mechanistic investigations uncovered that ATF4 activation, as a result of ER stress induction and general control nonderepressible 2 activation, plays a central role in ammonia-provoked DNL elevation. Rifaximin ameliorates ALD pathologies in mice, concomitant with blunted hepatic ER stress induction, ATF4 activation, and DNL activation. CONCLUSIONS An overproduction of ammonia by gut microbiota, synergistically interacting with ethanol, is a significant contributor to ALD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Chueh-Lung Hwang
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Yanhui Li
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jooman Park
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samuel M Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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15
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Yadav M, Chauhan NS. Role of gut-microbiota in disease severity and clinical outcomes. Brief Funct Genomics 2024; 23:24-37. [PMID: 36281758 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A delicate balance of nutrients, antigens, metabolites and xenobiotics in body fluids, primarily managed by diet and host metabolism, governs human health. Human gut microbiota is a gatekeeper to nutrient bioavailability, pathogens exposure and xenobiotic metabolism. Human gut microbiota starts establishing during birth and evolves into a resilient structure by adolescence. It supplements the host's metabolic machinery and assists in many physiological processes to ensure health. Biotic and abiotic stressors could induce dysbiosis in gut microbiota composition leading to disease manifestations. Despite tremendous scientific advancements, a clear understanding of the involvement of gut microbiota dysbiosis during disease onset and clinical outcomes is still awaited. This would be important for developing an effective and sustainable therapeutic intervention. This review synthesizes the present scientific knowledge to present a comprehensive picture of the role of gut microbiota in the onset and severity of a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Nar Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Yan M, Man S, Sun B, Ma L, Guo L, Huang L, Gao W. Gut liver brain axis in diseases: the implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:443. [PMID: 38057297 PMCID: PMC10700720 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01673-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In the past few decades, breakthrough progress has been made in the gut liver brain axis, mainly through understanding its formation mechanism and increasing treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss various complex networks including barrier permeability, gut hormones, gut microbial metabolites, vagus nerve, neurotransmitters, immunity, brain toxic metabolites, β-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism, and epigenetic regulation in the gut-liver-brain axis. Some therapies containing antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), polyphenols, low FODMAP diet and nanotechnology application regulate the gut liver brain axis. Besides, some special treatments targeting gut-liver axis include farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) agonists, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonists and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) analogs. Targeting gut-brain axis embraces cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressants and tryptophan metabolism-related therapies. Targeting liver-brain axis contains epigenetic regulation and Aβ metabolism-related therapies. In the future, a better understanding of gut-liver-brain axis interactions will promote the development of novel preventative strategies and the discovery of precise therapeutic targets in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China.
| | - Benyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100700, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, China.
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Staltner R, Burger K, Baumann A, Bergheim I. Fructose: a modulator of intestinal barrier function and hepatic health? Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:3113-3124. [PMID: 37596353 PMCID: PMC10611622 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Consumption of fructose has repeatedly been discussed to be a key factor in the development of health disturbances such as hypertension, diabetes type 2, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite intense research efforts, the question if and how high dietary fructose intake interferes with human health has not yet been fully answered. RESULTS Studies suggest that besides its insulin-independent metabolism dietary fructose may also impact intestinal homeostasis and barrier function. Indeed, it has been suggested by the results of human and animal as well as in vitro studies that fructose enriched diets may alter intestinal microbiota composition. Furthermore, studies have also shown that both acute and chronic intake of fructose may lead to an increased formation of nitric oxide and a loss of tight junction proteins in small intestinal tissue. These alterations have been related to an increased translocation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) like bacterial endotoxin and an induction of dependent signaling cascades in the liver but also other tissues. CONCLUSION In the present narrative review, results of studies assessing the effects of fructose on intestinal barrier function and their impact on the development of health disturbances with a particular focus on the liver are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Staltner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Burger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Baumann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Dong Y, Wu Z, Gai Z, Han M. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BL21 ameliorates alcoholic liver disease in mice through enhancement of the hepatic antioxidant capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad251. [PMID: 37930723 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a chronic liver injury caused by excessive alcohol consumption, could be impacted by gut-liver axis dysfunction. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and progression of ALD. Given the role of gut-liver axis dysfunction in ALD, strategies targeting gut microbiota modulation have gained interest for therapeutic interventions. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum BL21 has shown promise in alleviating gut microbiota disturbances and metabolic regulation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus models. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of BL21 on ALD mice and explore the potential mechanism by which the gut microbiota mediates the amelioration of ALD by BL21. METHODS A total of 30 mice were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10 mice/group): a healthy control (CTL) group, an ALD group, and a BL21 group. Each group was fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with (ALD and BL21) or without alcohol (CTL). The intervention period lasted 6 weeks, after which the effects of BL21 intervention (intragastric administration of 1 billion CFU of BL21 daily) on serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, hepatic oxidative stress, serum inflammatory cytokine levels, and gut microbiota composition in ALD mice were investigated. RESULTS Dietary BL21 reduced the ethanol-induced abnormal elevation of serum AST and ALT levels in ALD mice (P < 0.001 for both). BL21 treatment significantly attenuated alcohol-induced hepatic oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde concentration and increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione concentrations in the livers of ALD mice. In addition, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 were significantly lower (P < 0.001 for both), while that of IL-10 was significantly higher (P < 0.05), in the BL21 group than in the ALD group. Intestinal microbiota analysis showed an increased relative abundance of Escherichia/Shigella, Enterococcus, and Alistipes in the ALD group compared with the CTL group. BL21 intervention increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia compared with the ALD group. CONCLUSION Dietary BL21 ameliorates ALD via enhancement of the hepatic antioxidant capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota and may therefore be a promising strategy to prevent or treat ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dong
- Department of Research and Development, Wecare Probiotics Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Zhiyi Wu
- Department of Research and Development, Wecare Probiotics Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Zhonghui Gai
- Department of Research and Development, Wecare Probiotics Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215200, China
| | - Mei Han
- Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 200235, China
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19
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Xia Q, Lei Y, Wang J, Wang Q. Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220741. [PMID: 37872967 PMCID: PMC10590617 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between intestinal microecological dysregulation, altered inflammatory factors, and cirrhosis is unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the results of previous studies to assess the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of cirrhosis and their effect on inflammatory factors, as well as to explore the relationship between gut microecological dysregulation and liver disease to gain a deeper understanding of this interaction. Up to December 2022, eligible studies were identified by searching the following databases: National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library. Statistical analysis was performed using software RevMan Version 5.4. A total of 33 eligible randomized controlled trials were included in the study, and data on probiotic strains, duration of intervention, measures in the control group, and outcomes were extracted and evaluated. Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significant improvements in overall efficacy. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that probiotic use significantly decreased biochemical parameters for liver function, including aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin. Similar result was obtained in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and endotoxin. However, probiotic intervention did not significantly affect interleukin-2 and interleukin-10. The current meta-analysis illustrates that probiotic supplementation reduces inflammatory markers and biochemical parameters for liver function in patients with cirrhosis, suggesting that probiotic management may be a novel treatment for cirrhosis. Furthermore, the interaction of the gut microbiota, associated metabolites, and inflammation factors with cirrhosis may provide a promising therapeutic target for the pharmacological and clinical treatment of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Xia
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430065, China
| | - Yumeng Lei
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430065, China
| | - Jiadun Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430065, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430065, China
- Asia General Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430056, China
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20
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Aghara H, Chadha P, Zala D, Mandal P. Stress mechanism involved in the progression of alcoholic liver disease and the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205821. [PMID: 37841267 PMCID: PMC10570533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) poses a significant threat to human health, with excessive alcohol intake disrupting the immunotolerant environment of the liver and initiating a cascade of pathological events. This progressive disease unfolds through fat deposition, proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and eventual development of end-stage liver disease, known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ALD is intricately intertwined with stress mechanisms such as oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis, culminating in increased inflammation. While the initial stages of ALD can be reversible with diligent care and abstinence, further progression necessitates alternative treatment approaches. Herbal medicines have shown promise, albeit limited by their poor water solubility and subsequent lack of extensive exploration. Consequently, researchers have embarked on a quest to overcome these challenges by delving into the potential of nanoparticle-mediated therapy. Nanoparticle-based treatments are being explored for liver diseases that share similar mechanisms with alcoholic liver disease. It underscores the potential of these innovative approaches to counteract the complex pathogenesis of ALD, providing new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, further investigations are imperative to fully unravel the therapeutic potential and unlock the promise of nanoparticle-mediated therapy specifically tailored for ALD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Palash Mandal
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
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21
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Aghara H, Chadha P, Zala D, Mandal P. Stress mechanism involved in the progression of alcoholic liver disease and the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2023; 14. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) poses a significant threat to human health, with excessive alcohol intake disrupting the immunotolerant environment of the liver and initiating a cascade of pathological events. This progressive disease unfolds through fat deposition, proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and eventual development of end-stage liver disease, known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ALD is intricately intertwined with stress mechanisms such as oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis, culminating in increased inflammation. While the initial stages of ALD can be reversible with diligent care and abstinence, further progression necessitates alternative treatment approaches. Herbal medicines have shown promise, albeit limited by their poor water solubility and subsequent lack of extensive exploration. Consequently, researchers have embarked on a quest to overcome these challenges by delving into the potential of nanoparticle-mediated therapy. Nanoparticle-based treatments are being explored for liver diseases that share similar mechanisms with alcoholic liver disease. It underscores the potential of these innovative approaches to counteract the complex pathogenesis of ALD, providing new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, further investigations are imperative to fully unravel the therapeutic potential and unlock the promise of nanoparticle-mediated therapy specifically tailored for ALD treatment.
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22
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Shang H, Huang C, Xiao Z, Yang P, Zhang S, Hou X, Zhang L. Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites alleviate liver injury via AhR/Nrf2 activation in pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:127. [PMID: 37422682 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) is caused by toxic injury, such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids, to the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and the gut microbiota may be involved. However, the specific role and underlying mechanism of gut microbiota in HSOS is unknown. METHODS HSOS model was established by gavage of monocrotaline (MCT) in rats. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) with HSOS-derived or healthy gut flora was also conducted to validate the role of gut microflora in MCT-induced liver injury. The microbial 16 s rRNA analysis and untargeted metabolomics analysis in the faeces were performed to identify HSOS-related flora and metabolites. Finally, by supplementation with specific tryptophan metabolites, such as indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld) and indole acetic acid (IAA), we further confirmed the role of tryptophan metabolism in HSOS and the role of the AhR/Nrf2 pathway in MCT-induced liver injury. RESULTS MCT induced HSOS-like liver injury in rats with significantly altered gut microbiota. Particularly, some tryptophan-metabolizing bacteria reduced in MCT-treated rats, such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Clostridium, and accompanied by a decrease in microbial tryptophan metabolic activity and a series of tryptophan derivatives. Restoring the gut microbiota via FMT improved MCT-induced liver damage, while HSOS-derived gut microbiota aggravated the liver injury induced by MCT. Supplementation with microbial tryptophan derivatives (IAAld or IAA), or 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (Ficz, an AhR agonist) could activate the AhR/Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby attenuating the MCT-induced liver oxidative stress and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells injury. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbiota plays a critical role in MCT-induced HSOS, with inadequate microbial tryptophan metabolism in the gut and consequently a lower activity of the AhR/Nrf2 signaling pathway in the liver, which should be a potential target for the management of HSOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhuanglong Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shengyan Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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23
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Tan Y, Huang Z, Liu Y, Li X, Stalin A, Fan X, Wu Z, Wu C, Lu S, Zhang F, Chen M, Huang J, Cheng G, Li B, Guo S, Yang Y, Zhang S, Wu J. Integrated serum pharmacochemistry, 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics to reveal the material basis and mechanism of Yinzhihuang granule against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116418. [PMID: 36990301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yinzhihuang granule (YZHG) has liver protective effect and can be used for clinical treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but its material basis and mechanism need to be further clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to reveal the material basis and mechanism of YZHG treating NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum pharmacochemistry were employed to identify the components from YZHG. The potential targets of YZHG against NAFLD were predicted by system biology and then preliminarily verified by molecular docking. Furthermore, the functional mechanism of YZHG in NAFLD mice was elucidated by 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. RESULTS From YZHG, 52 compounds were identified, of which 42 were absorbed into the blood. Network pharmacology and molecular docking showed that YZHG treats NAFLD with multi-components and multi-targets. YZHG can improve the levels of blood lipids, liver enzymes, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory factors in NAFLD mice. YZHG can also significantly improve the diversity and richness of intestinal flora and regulate glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. Moreover, Western Blot experiment showed that YZHG can regulate liver lipid metabolism and enhance intestinal barrier function. CONCLUSIONS YZHG may treat NAFLD by improving the disruption of intestinal flora and enhancing the intestinal barrier. This will reduce the invasion of LPS into the liver subsequently regulate liver lipid metabolism and reduce liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Antony Stalin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Xiaotian Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zhishan Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Fanqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Meilin Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, 276017, China.
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, 276017, China.
| | - Siyu Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiarui Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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24
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Li Z, Ouyang H, Zhu J. Traditional Chinese medicines and natural products targeting immune cells in the treatment of metabolic-related fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1195146. [PMID: 37361209 PMCID: PMC10289001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1195146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MAFLD stands for metabolic-related fatty liver disease, which is a prevalent liver disease affecting one-third of adults worldwide, and is strongly associated with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. It encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from simple liver fat accumulation to advanced stages like chronic inflammation, tissue damage, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. With limited approved drugs for MAFLD, identifying promising drug targets and developing effective treatment strategies is essential. The liver plays a critical role in regulating human immunity, and enriching innate and adaptive immune cells in the liver can significantly improve the pathological state of MAFLD. In the modern era of drug discovery, there is increasing evidence that traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, natural products and herb components can effectively treat MAFLD. Our study aims to review the current evidence supporting the potential benefits of such treatments, specifically targeting immune cells that are responsible for the pathogenesis of MAFLD. By providing new insights into the development of traditional drugs for the treatment of MAFLD, our findings may pave the way for more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches.
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25
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Tan Y, Zhang F, Fan X, Lu S, Liu Y, Wu Z, Huang Z, Wu C, Cheng G, Li B, Huang J, Stalin A, Zhou W, Wu J. Exploring the effect of Yinzhihuang granules on alcoholic liver disease based on pharmacodynamics, network pharmacology and molecular docking. Chin Med 2023; 18:52. [PMID: 37165407 PMCID: PMC10173499 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yinzhihuang granules (YZHG) is a commonly used Chinese patent medicine for the treatment of liver disease. However, the mechanism of YZHG in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is still unclear. METHODS This study combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology, pharmacodynamics, network pharmacology and molecular docking methods to evaluate the potential mechanism of YZHG in the treatment of ALD. RESULTS A total of 25 compounds including 4-hydroxyacetophenone, scoparone, geniposide, quercetin, baicalin, baicalein, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in YZHG were identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The pharmacodynamic investigations indicated that YZHG could improve liver function and the degree of liver tissue lesions, and reduce liver inflammation and oxidative stress in ALD mice. Network pharmacology analysis showed that YZHG treated ALD mainly by regulating inflammation-related signaling pathways such as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The results of the PPI network and molecular docking showed that the targets of SRC, HSP90AA1, STAT3, EGFR and AKT1 could be the key targets of YZHG in the treatment of ALD. CONCLUSION This study explored the potential compounds, potential targets and signaling pathways of YZHG in the treatment of ALD, which is helpful to clarify the efficacy and mechanism of YZHG and provide new insights for the clinical application of YZHG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tan
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fanqin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Fan
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhishan Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Bing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Linyi, China
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Antony Stalin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Caballano-Infantes E, Ho-Plágaro A, López-Gómez C, Martín-Reyes F, Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Taminiau B, Daube G, Garrido-Sánchez L, Alcaín-Martínez G, Andrade RJ, García-Cortés M, Lucena MI, García-Fuentes E, Rodríguez-Díaz C. Membrane Vesicles of Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile Affect the Metabolism of Liver HepG2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040818. [PMID: 37107193 PMCID: PMC10135135 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) appears to be associated with different liver diseases. C. difficile secretes membrane vesicles (MVs), which may be involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD) and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In this study, we investigated the presence of C. difficile-derived MVs in patients with and without CDI, and analyzed their effects on pathways related to NAFLD and DILI in HepG2 cells. Fecal extracellular vesicles from CDI patients showed an increase of Clostridioides MVs. C. difficile-derived MVs that were internalized by HepG2 cells. Toxigenic C. difficile-derived MVs decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased intracellular ROS compared to non-toxigenic C. difficile-derived MVs. In addition, toxigenic C. difficile-derived MVs upregulated the expression of genes related to mitochondrial fission (FIS1 and DRP1), antioxidant status (GPX1), apoptosis (CASP3), glycolysis (HK2, PDK1, LDHA and PKM2) and β-oxidation (CPT1A), as well as anti- and pro-inflammatory genes (IL-6 and IL-10). However, non-toxigenic C. difficile-derived MVs did not produce changes in the expression of these genes, except for CPT1A, which was also increased. In conclusion, the metabolic and mitochondrial changes produced by MVs obtained from toxigenic C. difficile present in CDI feces are common pathophysiological features observed in the NAFLD spectrum and DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Caballano-Infantes
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy Andalusian, Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Ailec Ho-Plágaro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Flores Martín-Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Department of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Department of Food Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Alcaín-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Raúl J. Andrade
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren García-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Lucena
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UICEC IBIMA, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- UGC de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Guo C, Li Q, Chen R, Fan W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Guo L, Wang X, Qu X, Dong H. Baicalein alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by ameliorating intestinal barrier dysfunction. Food Funct 2023; 14:2138-2148. [PMID: 36752061 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03015b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the main cause of chronic liver disease, and its pathological development is closely related to the gut-liver axis. The intestinal barrier, an important component of the gut-liver axis, can prevent gut microbes and endotoxins from entering the liver. Intestinal barrier function is impaired in patients with NAFLD. Baicalein, which is the main flavonoid in Scutellariae Radix, can improve NAFLD. However, whether baicalein alleviates NAFLD by ameliorating intestinal barrier dysfunction remains unclear. In this study, a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet-induced NAFLD mouse model is used. The effects of baicalein on lipid accumulation, inflammation and the intestinal barrier in MCD-fed mice were evaluated by detecting blood lipid levels, lipid accumulation, liver pathological changes, inflammatory factors, inflammatory signaling pathways, the three main short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate), intestinal permeability and intestinal tight junction protein expression. Compared with the MCD-only group, baicalein intake decreased the serum and liver lipid levels. Moreover, the accumulation of lipid droplets and steatosis in the liver were also alleviated; all these results demonstrated that baicalein could alleviate NAFLD. Meanwhile, the levels of inflammatory cytokines decreased in the baicalein group. Further investigation of the mucosal permeability to 4 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in feces, and the expression of intestinal zonula occluden 1 and claudin-1 indicated that a baicalein diet could decrease the intestinal permeability caused by a MCD diet. Moreover, the protein levels of p-NF-κB p65 and the ratio of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 increased, and IκB-α and PPARα decreased in NAFLD mice, while the administration of baicalein could alleviate these changes. The above results indicated that the mechanism of baicalein in the alleviation of NAFLD lies in the regulation of the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Guo
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qingjun Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rihong Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- Resource Center of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinyan Qu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Hongjing Dong
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Dukić M, Radonjić T, Jovanović I, Zdravković M, Todorović Z, Kraišnik N, Aranđelović B, Mandić O, Popadić V, Nikolić N, Klašnja S, Manojlović A, Divac A, Gačić J, Brajković M, Oprić S, Popović M, Branković M. Alcohol, Inflammation, and Microbiota in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043735. [PMID: 36835145 PMCID: PMC9966185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a consequence of excessive alcohol use. According to many studies, alcohol represents a significant socioeconomic and health risk factor in today's population. According to data from the World Health Organization, there are about 75 million people who have alcohol disorders, and it is well known that its use leads to serious health problems. ALD is a multimodality spectrum that includes alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFL) and alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH), consequently leading to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. In addition, the rapid progression of alcoholic liver disease can lead to alcoholic hepatitis (AH). Alcohol metabolism produces toxic metabolites that lead to tissue and organ damage through an inflammatory cascade that includes numerous cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the process of inflammation, mediators are cells of the immune system, but also resident cells of the liver, such as hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and Kupffer cells. These cells are activated by exogenous and endogenous antigens, which are called pathogen and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs, DAMPs). Both are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which activation triggers the inflammatory pathways. It has been proven that intestinal dysbiosis and disturbed integrity of the intestinal barrier perform a role in the promotion of inflammatory liver damage. These phenomena are also found in chronic excessive use of alcohol. The intestinal microbiota has an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the organism, and its role in the treatment of ALD has been widely investigated. Prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and symbiotics represent therapeutic interventions that can have a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Dukić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Radonjić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Jovanović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Zdravković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Todorović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Kraišnik
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Aranđelović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olga Mandić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Višeslav Popadić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Novica Nikolić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Klašnja
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrea Manojlović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anica Divac
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Gačić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Brajković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Oprić
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Popović
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Branković
- University Hospital Medical Center Bežanijska Kosa, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: or
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Wu JX, He Q, Zhou Y, Xu JY, Zhang Z, Chen CL, Wu YH, Chen Y, Qin LQ, Li YH. Protective effect and mechanism of lactoferrin combined with hypoxia against high-fat diet induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:839-850. [PMID: 36563804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic, it can induce glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study explored a new way to control weight and improve fatty liver, namely, living in hypoxia environment and supplement with lactoferrin (Lf). Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into six groups, namely, control, hypoxia, high-fat diet, hypoxia + high-fat diet, hypoxia + high-fat diet + low dose Lf intervention, and hypoxia + high-fat diet + high-dose Lf intervention. Mice in the hypoxia treatment groups were treated with approximately 11.5 % oxygen for 6 h every day for 8 weeks. Results showed that interventions combining Lf and hypoxia treatments showed better effect against obesity and NAFLD than hypoxia treatment alone. The interventions controlled weight gain in mice, improved glucolipid metabolism in mice. The combination intervention reduced cholesterol absorption by reducing the level of hydrophobic bile acids, and elevating the level of hydrophilic bile acids. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the combination intervention considerably elevated short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria level, and reduced the Desulfovibrionaceae_unclassified level. Thus, Lf combined with hypoxia intervention effectively prevents obesity and NAFLD by restoring gut microbiota composition and bile acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Xue Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Center of Child Health Management, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cai-Long Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Center of Child Health Management, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Food Science School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yun-Hong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical college of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Chen Z, Ding C, Gu Y, He Y, Chen B, Zheng S, Li Q. Association between gut microbiota and hepatocellular carcinoma from 2011 to 2022: Bibliometric analysis and global trends. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1120515. [PMID: 37064156 PMCID: PMC10098157 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignant tumor responsible for approximately 90% of all liver cancers in humans, making it one of the leading public health problems worldwide. The gut microbiota is a complex microbial ecosystem that can influence tumor formation, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Therefore, understanding the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota pathogenesis is critical for the prevention and treatment of HCC. Materials and methods A search was conducted in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database for English literature studies on the relationship between gut microbiota and HCC from 2011 to 2022. Bibliometric analysis tools such as VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R Studio were used to analyze global trends and research hotspots in this field. Results A total of 739 eligible publications, comprising of 383 articles and 356 reviews, were analyzed. Over the past 11 years, there has been a rapid increase in the annual number of publications and average citation levels, especially in the last five years. The majority of published articles on this topic originated from China (n=257, 34.78%), followed by the United States of America (n=203, 27.47%), and Italy (n=85, 11.50%). American scholars demonstrated high productivity, prominence, and academic environment influence in the research of this subject. Furthermore, the University of California, San Diego published the most papers (n=24) and had the highest average citation value (value=152.17) in the study of the relationship between gut microbiota and HCC. Schnabl B from the USA and Ohtani N from Japan were the authors with the highest number of publications and average citation value, respectively. Conclusion In recent years, research on the gut microbiota's role in HCC has made rapid progress. Through a review of published literature, it has been found that the gut microbiota is crucial in the pathogenesis of HCC and in oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Ding
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangjun Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yahui He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Shuren College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Shuren College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiyong Li, ; Shusen Zheng,
| | - Qiyong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiyong Li, ; Shusen Zheng,
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Xu MY, Guo CC, Li MY, Lou YH, Chen ZR, Liu BW, Lan L. Brain-gut-liver axis: Chronic psychological stress promotes liver injury and fibrosis via gut in rats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1040749. [PMID: 36579341 PMCID: PMC9791198 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of chronic psychological stress on hepatitis and liver fibrosis is concerned. However, its mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the effect and mechanism of chronic psychological stress in promoting liver injury and fibrosis through gut. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups. Rat models of chronic psychological stress (4 weeks) and liver fibrosis (8 weeks) were established. The diversity of gut microbiota in intestinal feces, permeability of intestinal mucosa, pathologies of intestinal and liver tissues, collagen fibers, protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κβ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) in liver tissue, liver function and coagulation function in blood and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in portal vein blood were detected and analyzed. Results The diversities and abundances of gut microbiota were significant differences in rats among each group. The pathological lesions of intestinal and liver tissues, decreased expression of occludin protein in intestinal mucosa, deposition of collagen fibers and increased protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κβ, TNF-α and IL-1 in liver tissue, increased LPS level in portal vein blood, and abnormalities of liver function and coagulation function, were observed in rats exposed to chronic psychological stress or liver fibrosis. There were significant differences with normal rats. When the dual intervention factors of chronic psychological stress and liver fibrosis were superimposed, the above indicators were further aggravated. Conclusion Chronic psychological stress promotes liver injury and fibrosis, depending on changes in the diversity of gut microbiota and increased intestinal permeability caused by psychological stress, LPS that enters liver and acts on TLR4, and active LPS-TLR4 pathway depend on MyD88. It demonstrates the possibility of existence of brain-gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Can-Can Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jining No.1 People′s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Meng-Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu-Han Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan No.3 Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo-Wei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ling Lan,
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32
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Jeon HS, Kang B, Li X, Song JS. Differences in vulnerability to desiccating stress between corneal and conjunctival epithelium in rabbit models of short-term ocular surface exposure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16941. [PMID: 36209216 PMCID: PMC9547869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluate the difference in vulnerability to desiccating stress (DS) between the corneal and conjunctival epithelia to understand different ocular surface staining patterns in dry eye patients. We generated a rabbit model of short-term exposure keratopathy. To induce DS in the ocular surface, rabbit right eyelids were opened for 30 min, with blinking once/minute. Corneal staining scores increased from 3-min post-DS exposure, while conjunctival staining increased from 20-min post-DS. At 20 min, the tear MUC5AC level doubled as compared to pre-DS (p = 0.007). In Western blot analysis, conjunctival AQP5, MUC5AC, and CFTR expression increased significantly in response to DS, compared to control (p = 0.039, 0.002, 0.039, respectively). Immunohistochemistry for CD31 and LYVE-1 were performed. CD31-positive cells and lymphatic space surrounded by LYVE-1-positive cells increased significantly in conjunctival tissue post-DS, compared to control (p = 0.0006, p < 0.0001, respectively). Surface damage was worse in the corneal than in the conjunctival epithelium after DS, by scanning electron microscopy. This study showed that the cornea and conjunctival epithelium show differences in vulnerability to DS. Increased blood vessels and dilated lymphatics, accompanied by increased conjunctival epithelial AQP5, MUC5AC, and CFTR expression, underlie the protective mechanism of the conjunctiva to desiccating stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sun Jeon
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boram Kang
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xuemin Li
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Suk Song
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Smith MM, Melrose J. Xylan Prebiotics and the Gut Microbiome Promote Health and Wellbeing: Potential Novel Roles for Pentosan Polysulfate. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091151. [PMID: 36145372 PMCID: PMC9503530 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This narrative review highlights the complexities of the gut microbiome and health-promoting properties of prebiotic xylans metabolized by the gut microbiome. In animal husbandry, prebiotic xylans aid in the maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome. This prevents the colonization of the gut by pathogenic organisms obviating the need for dietary antibiotic supplementation, a practice which has been used to maintain animal productivity but which has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria that are passed up the food chain to humans. Seaweed xylan-based animal foodstuffs have been developed to eliminate ruminant green-house gas emissions by gut methanogens in ruminant animals, contributing to atmospheric pollution. Biotransformation of pentosan polysulfate by the gut microbiome converts this semi-synthetic sulfated disease-modifying anti-osteoarthritic heparinoid drug to a prebiotic metabolite that promotes gut health, further extending the therapeutic profile and utility of this therapeutic molecule. Xylans are prominent dietary cereal components of the human diet which travel through the gastrointestinal tract as non-digested dietary fibre since the human genome does not contain xylanolytic enzymes. The gut microbiota however digest xylans as a food source. Xylo-oligosaccharides generated in this digestive process have prebiotic health-promoting properties. Engineered commensal probiotic bacteria also have been developed which have been engineered to produce growth factors and other bioactive factors. A xylan protein induction system controls the secretion of these compounds by the commensal bacteria which can promote gut health or, if these prebiotic compounds are transported by the vagal nervous system, may also regulate the health of linked organ systems via the gut–brain, gut–lung and gut–stomach axes. Dietary xylans are thus emerging therapeutic compounds warranting further study in novel disease prevention protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Smith
- Raymond Purves Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern Campus, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Yan M, Man S, Ma L, Gao W. Comprehensive molecular mechanisms and clinical therapy in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: An overview and current perspectives. Metabolism 2022; 134:155264. [PMID: 35810782 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pathophysiology continues to advance rapidly. Given the complexity of the pathogenesis of NASH, the field has moved from describing the single pathogenesis of NASH to deeply phenotyping with a description of the multi-mechanism and multi-target pathogenesis that includes glucose, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, fibrotic progression, inflammation, immune reaction and apoptosis. To make the picture more complex, the pathogenesis of NASH involves pathological connections between the liver and several organs such as the adipose, pancreas, kidney and gut. Numerous pharmacologic candidates have been tested in clinical trials and have generated some positive results. Importantly, PPAR as triglyceride synthesis inhibitor and FXR as bile acids synthesis inhibitor have displayed beneficial effects on candidates for lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Although the efficacy of these drugs has been affirmed, serious side effects hinder their further development. It is a particularly important task to carry out the in-depth long-term research. Additionally, drug combination increases response rate and reduces side effects of a single drug. Mastering the advantages and limitations of clinical candidate drugs and continuous improvement and innovation are necessary to formulate a new strategy for the future treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Guo W, Luo L, Meng Y, Chen W, Yu L, Zhang C, Qiu Z, Cao P. Luteolin alleviates methionine-choline-deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating host serum metabolome and gut microbiome. Front Nutr 2022; 9:936237. [PMID: 35990349 PMCID: PMC9389599 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.936237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Previous studies have indicated the protective effects of luteolin against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the definite underlying mechanism still remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the metabolomic and metagenomic signatures of NASH with luteolin supplementation. Experimental approach Mice were fed with a methionine–choline-deficient (MCD) diet containing 0.05% luteolin for 6 weeks. NASH severity was determined based on the liver histological observations, serum and hepatic biochemical measurements. Targeted metabolomics was conducted to identify differential metabolites in mice serum. 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted to assess the gut microbiota composition and function in mice colon. Results In detail, luteolin treatment significantly alleviated MCD diet-induced hepatic lipid deposition, liver function damage, and oxidative stress. Targeted plasma metabolomics revealed that 5-hydroxyindole, LPE (0:0/22:5), indole 3-phosphate, and N-phenylacetylphenylalanine were remarkably elevated, and homogentisic acid, thiamine, KN-93, PC (16:1e/8, 9-EpETE), carnitine C9:1-OH, FFA (18:4) and carnitine C8:1 were significantly decreased in NASH group as compared to normal group, which could be profoundly reversed after luteolin treatment. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that luteolin supplementation significantly increased Erysipelatoclostridium and Pseudomonas as well as decreased Faecalibaculum at genus level. Most importantly, a negative association between thiamine and Faecalibaculum was observed based on Spearman's correlation analysis, which may play an important role in the preventive effects of luteolin against NASH. Conclusion Collectively, luteolin may alleviate the NASH by modulating serum metabolome and gut microbiome, which supports its use as a dietary supplement for NASH prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yan Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixiu Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, China
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Guan H, Zhang X, Kuang M, Yu J. The gut-liver axis in immune remodeling of hepatic cirrhosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946628. [PMID: 37408838 PMCID: PMC10319400 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy settings, the gut-liver axis allows host-microbiota communications and mediates immune homeostasis through bidirectional regulation. Meanwhile, in diseases, gut dysbiosis, combined with an impaired intestinal barrier, introduces pathogens and their toxic metabolites into the system, causing massive immune alternations in the liver and other extrahepatic organs. Accumulating evidence suggests that these immune changes are associated with the progression of many liver diseases, especially hepatic cirrhosis. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns that originated from gut microbes directly stimulate hepatocytes and liver immune cells through different pattern recognition receptors, a process further facilitated by damage-associated molecular patterns released from injured hepatocytes. Hepatic stellate cells, along with other immune cells, contribute to this proinflammatory and profibrogenic transformation. Moreover, cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction, an imbalanced immune status characterized by systemic inflammation and immune deficiency, is linked to gut dysbiosis. Though the systemic inflammation hypothesis starts to link gut dysbiosis to decompensated cirrhosis from a clinical perspective, a clearer demonstration is still needed for the role of the gut-liver-immune axis in cirrhosis progression. This review discusses the different immune states of the gut-liver axis in both healthy and cirrhotic settings and, more importantly, summarizes the current evidence about how microbiota-derived immune remodeling contributes to the progression of hepatic cirrhosis via the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Guan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Portincasa P. The role of microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13768. [PMID: 35294774 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent liver disease worldwide. Gut microbiota can play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD since dysbiosis is associated with reduced bacterial diversity, altered Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, a relative abundance of alcohol-producing bacteria, or other specific genera. Changes can promote disrupted intestinal barrier and hyperpermeability, filtration of bacterial products, activation of the immune system, and pro-inflammatory changes in the intestine, in the liver, and at a systemic level. Microbiota-derived molecules can contribute to the steatogenic effects. The link between gut dysbiosis and NAFLD, however, is confused by several factors which include age, BMI, comorbidities, dietary components, and lifestyle. The role of toxic chemicals in food and water requires further studies in both gut dysbiosis and NAFLD. We can anticipate that gut microbiota manipulation will represent a potential therapeutic tool to delay or reverse the progression of NAFLD, paving the way to primary prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Cai D, Ma X, Guo H, Zhang H, Bian A, Yu H, Cheng W. Prognostic value of p16, p53, and pcna in sarcoma and an evaluation of immune infiltration. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:305. [PMID: 35689249 PMCID: PMC9185979 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background p16, p53, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) genes play significant roles in many chromatin modifications and have been found to be highly expressed in a variety of tumor tissues. Therefore, they have been used as target genes for some tumor therapies. However, the differential expressions of the p16, p53, and pcna genes in human sarcomas and their effects on prognosis have not been widely reported. Methods The Oncomine dataset was used to analyze the transcription levels of p16, p53, and pcna genes, and the gene expression profile interactive analysis (GEPIA) dataset was used to analyze the differential expressions of p16, p53, and pcna. The expression levels of p16, p53, and pcna were further analyzed by Western Blotting. GEPIA and Kaplan–Meier analyses were used to analyze the prognostic value of p16, p53, and pcna. Furthermore, p16, p53, and pcna gene mutations and their association with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed using cBioPortal datasets. In addition, genes co-expressed with p16, p53, and pcna were analyzed using Oncomine. The DAVID dataset was used to analyze the functional enrichment of p16, p53, pcna, and their co-expressed genes by Gene Ontology (GO) and Metascape were used to construct a network map. Finally, the immune cell infiltration of p16, p53, and pcna in patients with sarcoma was reported by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Results p16, p53, and pcna were up-regulated in human sarcoma tissues and almost all sarcoma cell lines. Western Blotting showed that the expression of p16, p53, and pcna was elevated in osteosarcoma cell lines. The expression of pcna was correlated with OS, the expression of p16, p53, and pcna was correlated with relapse-free survival, and the genetic mutation of p16 was negatively correlated with OS and DFS. We also found that p16, p53, and pcna genes were positively/negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration in sarcoma. Conclusions The results of this study showed that p16, p53, and pcna can significantly affect the survival and immune status of sarcoma patients. Therefore, p16, p53, and pcna could be used as potential biomarkers of prognosis and immune infiltration in human sarcoma and provide a possible therapeutic target for sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Huihui Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ashuai Bian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Wendan Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Dicheva DT, Andreev DN. Pathogenetic and clinical significance of the gut-liver microbiota axis. MEDITSINSKIY SOVET = MEDICAL COUNCIL 2022:69-75. [DOI: 10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-7-69-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Today, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) account for more than 50% of chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis in developed countries. The clinical significance of these pathologies lies in the formation of liver fibrosis and, therefore, in the increased risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are life-threatening conditions. NAFLD is based on obesity and insulin resistance, whereas alcohol consumption is central to the etiopathogenesis of ALD. Recently, the role of the gut-liver microbiota axis in the genesis of NAFLD and ALD has also received increasing attention. Changes in qualitative and quantitative composition of intestinal microbiota and alterations of barrier function of intestinal mucosa can lead to entry of intraluminal antigens through portal vein system into the liver, inducing damage to hepatocytes and activation of proinflammatory processes. It is shown that in patients with CLD (NAFLD and ALD) there is an increase in the permeability of the intestinal mucosa and dysbiotic changes of the intestinal microbiome. The role of the gut-liver microbiota axis is well described in the genesis of NAFLD and ALD. Chronic alcohol consumption leads to increased colonies of Gram-negative bacteria in the intestinal mucosa and, therefore, to the accumulation of endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide components of bacterial cell membranes). Acetaldehyde produced by ADH of the intestinal epithelium stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of tight cell contacts, increasing intestinal mucosal permeability, which leads to translocation of endotoxins into the portal bloodstream. Obesity is a major risk factor for NAFLD, which is also associated with dysbiotic changes in the intestinal microbiome. Obese individuals have increased Firmicutes, decreased Bacteroidetes, mediated reduction of short-chain fatty acid synthesis and increased intestinal wall permeability due to disruption of intercellular dense contacts, which leads to increased translocation of bacteria and endotoxins into the systemic bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. T. Dicheva
- Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - D. N. Andreev
- Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry
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Asai N, Kato H, Mikamo H. The pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19 and host immunity, with emphasis on the dysbiosis of the lung and gut microbiomes and pregnancy. Respir Investig 2022; 60:496-502. [PMID: 35422403 PMCID: PMC8977498 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a health and economic crisis. It has also highlighted human relational problems, such as racism and conflicts between nations. Although vaccination programs against the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have started worldwide, the pandemic is ongoing, and people are struggling. The mechanism of disease severity in COVID-19 is multifactorial, complicated, and affected by viral pathogenesis. For example, monocyte dysfunction due to aging and respiratory and gut dysbiosis influence the host's immunity against SARS-CoV-2 including helper T-cell imbalance and viral clearance reduction, leading to accelerated disease progression in older patients or those with underlying diseases. The different immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 also contribute to various radiological findings, including that of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is associated with high mortality, especially in patients susceptible to disease progression. We aimed to review the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in COVID-19, with emphasis on the altered microbiome in the lung and gut, and the different radiological findings in different patient groups, such as younger adults and pregnant women.
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Sheng LT, Jiang YW, Pan A, Koh WP. Dietary total antioxidant capacity and mortality outcomes: the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2375-2382. [PMID: 35122488 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relations of dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) with mortality outcomes in a Chinese population. METHODS The study included 62,063 participants from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. The participants were 45-74 years at baseline (1993-1998) when dietary data were collected with a validated 165-item food frequency questionnaire. The DTAC was derived using two widely adopted scores of integrated dietary consumption of antioxidant nutrients, i.e., the Comprehensive Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and Vitamin C Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (VCEAC). We used Cox proportional hazard model to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS During 1,212,318 person-years of follow-up, 23,397 deaths [cardiovascular diseases (CVD): 7523; respiratory diseases: 4696; and cancer: 7713] occurred. In multivariable models, the HR (95% CI) comparing participants in the highest vs. lowest quartile of CDAI was 0.85 (0.82, 0.88) for all-cause mortality, 0.82 (0.76, 0.88) for CVD mortality, 0.76 (0.70, 0.83) for respiratory disease mortality (all P-trend < 0.001), and 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) for cancer mortality (P-trend = 0.16). Similar associations were found with the VCEAC index. Higher intakes of the DTAC components, i.e., vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and flavonoids, were all associated with lower mortality risk. CONCLUSION Diet with a higher antioxidant capacity in midlife was associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory disease mortality in the Singapore Chinese population, supporting the public health recommendation of consuming more plant-based foods that are rich in antioxidant nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Sheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Wen Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore.
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Li P, Liu Y, Zhao J, Pan W, He Y, Fu S, Liu Y, Xu YJ. Salecan ameliorates liver injury by regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites. Food Funct 2022; 13:11744-11757. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02210a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Salecan ameliorates liver injury by regulating oxidative stress and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Sichuan Synlight Biotech Ltd, 88 Keyuan South Road, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunzhe Fu
- Shenzhen JinBoJin Supply Chain Co., Ltd, 8 Guishan Road, Shenzhen 515100, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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Rastogi S, Mohanty S, Sharma S, Tripathi P. Possible role of gut microbes and host's immune response in gut-lung homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954339. [PMID: 36275735 PMCID: PMC9581402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast diversity of microbial communities reside in various locations of the human body, and they are collectively named as the 'Human Microbiota.' The majority of those microbes are found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. The microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal and the respiratory tracts are called the gut microbiota and the airway microbiota, respectively. These microbial communities are known to affect both the metabolic functions and the immune responses of the host. Among multiple factors determining the composition of gut microbiota, diet has played a pivotal role. The gut microbes possess enzymatic machinery for assimilating dietary fibers and releasing different metabolites, primarily short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The SCFAs modulate the immune responses of not only the gut but other distal mucosal sites as well, such as the lungs. Dysbiosis in normal gut flora is one of the factors involved in the development of asthma and other respiratory disorders. Of note, several human and murine studies have indicated significant cross-talk between gut microbiota and lung immunity, known as the gut-lung axis. Here, in this review, we summarize the recent state of the field concerning the effect of dietary metabolites, particularly SCFAs, on the "gut-lung axis" as well as discuss its impact on lung health. Moreover, we have highlighted the role of the "gut-lung axis" in SARS-CoV-2 mediated inflammation. Also, to analyze the global research progress on the gut-lung axis and to identify the knowledge gap in this field, we have also utilized the bibliographic tools Dimension database and VOS viewer analysis software. Through network mapping and visualization analysis, we can predict the present research trend and the possibility to explore new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonakshi Rastogi
- Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Mohanty
- Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Prabhanshu Tripathi, ; Sapna Sharma,
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Food Drug and Chemical Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- *Correspondence: Prabhanshu Tripathi, ; Sapna Sharma,
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