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Xu W, Zhang S, Qin H, Yao K. From bench to bedside: cutting-edge applications of base editing and prime editing in precision medicine. J Transl Med 2024; 22:1133. [PMID: 39707395 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/23/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-based gene editing technology theoretically allows for precise manipulation of any genetic target within living cells, achieving the desired sequence modifications. This revolutionary advancement has fundamentally transformed the field of biomedicine, offering immense clinical potential for treating and correcting genetic disorders. In the treatment of most genetic diseases, precise genome editing that avoids the generation of mixed editing byproducts is considered the ideal approach. This article reviews the current progress of base editors and prime editors, elaborating on specific examples of their applications in the therapeutic field, and highlights opportunities for improvement. Furthermore, we discuss the specific performance of these technologies in terms of safety and efficacy in clinical applications, and analyze the latest advancements and potential directions that could influence the future development of genome editing technologies. Our goal is to outline the clinical relevance of this rapidly evolving scientific field and preview a roadmap for successful DNA base editing therapies for the treatment of hereditary or idiopathic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihui Xu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Shiyao Zhang
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Huan Qin
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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2
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Siqueira RC, Pinho TS, Brandão CC. Short-Term Results of Multiwavelength Photobiomodulation in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:3715-3724. [PMID: 39691309 PMCID: PMC11651134 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s483722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the short-term effects of Multiwavelength Photobiomodulation (LumiThera Valeda Light Delivery System) on retinal functional behavior in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Materials and Methods Twelve RP patients (24 eyes) underwent treatment involving nine photobiomodulation (PBM) sessions using the Valeda system, which emits three distinct wavelengths within the yellow (590 nm; 4 mW/cm2), red (660 nm; 65 mW/cm2), and near-infrared (NIR) (850 nm; 0.6 mW/cm2) spectrum. All evaluations were conducted four weeks post-therapy. The treated eye was compared with baseline (pre-therapy). Following nine PBM sessions, assessments included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal sensitivity, and characteristics of the correction area via fundus automated perimetry using the Compass system. Additionally, a functional and structural assessment of the retina was performed using multifocal electroretinography (ERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescence retinography (FR), and autofluorescence (AF). Statistical analysis employed the Student's t-test for paired samples at a 95% confidence level (p-value ≤ 0.05). Results LogMAR-based visual acuity assessment demonstrated an improvement in mean value from 0.62 to 0.53 logMAR, with a statistically significant p-value of 0.001. Visual field examination, based on mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and fundal perimeter deviation index (FPDI) parameters, showed improvement from -19.87 dB to -19.45 dB, 9.77 dB to 9.76 dB, and 37% to 39%, respectively, although with non-significant p-values of 0.366, 0.446, and 0.245, respectively. No adverse effects or abnormalities in optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinogram (ERG) were observed during the follow-up period. Conclusion In this short-term study, PBM appeared to have the potential to enhance BCVA and fundus automated perimeter in RP patients without causing significant adverse events. However, further assessment with a larger patient cohort and longer follow-up is warranted to ascertain the efficacy of this technique in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubens Camargo Siqueira
- Rubens Siqueira Research Center, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine of São Jose do Rio Preto—FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Tainara Souza Pinho
- Faculty of Medicine of São Jose do Rio Preto—FAMERP, São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
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Liang Y, Sun X, Chen H, Cui Z, Gu J, Duan C, Mao S, Chen Y, Li X, Xiong S, Chen J. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line with PRPF6 c.2699 G > A mutation to model retinitis pigmentosa. Stem Cell Res 2024; 81:103581. [PMID: 39423676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PRPF6, located on chromosome 20, is required for the formation of the spliceosome. Mutations in the PRPF6 gene can lead to retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a common inherited retinal disease characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. Here, we generated an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line carrying the PRPF6 c.2699 G > A mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which will provide a valuable resource for RP pathogenesis and treatment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Liang
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha 410015, China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xihao Sun
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha 410015, China; Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha 410015, China; Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410015, China
| | - Jianing Gu
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha 410015, China
| | - Chunwen Duan
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha 410015, China; Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410015, China
| | | | - Yuexi Chen
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha 410015, China; Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410015, China
| | - Siqi Xiong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha 410015, China; Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410015, China; Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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4
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Choudhari JK, Yadav H, Chouhan U. TraceEyeDisease: a web-based database for investigating trace elements and their imbalances in eye diseases. BMC Res Notes 2024; 17:334. [PMID: 39533428 PMCID: PMC11556128 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-024-06981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Eye diseases remain a significant global health concern, with trace elements crucial in maintaining ocular health and preventing ocular disorders. In ocular health, trace elements have been recognized as critical factors influencing the development and progression of multiple eye diseases. In this study, we conducted a thorough literature search through PubMed to acquire data concerning different eye diseases associated with trace elements. These diseases are essential in trace element imbalances or deficiencies in their progression. Our approach included a meticulous compilation of information from various databases, systematically integrated into a carefully curated database. In total, we identified 178 distinct genes that encode proteins linked to fourteen trace elements in this comprehensive list. A web-based database designed to formulate evidence-based hypotheses regarding the impact of trace element deficiency and imbalance on eye diseases was presented using Shiny R. This study underscores the vital role of trace elements in preserving ocular health. The Shiny R application facilitates subsequent investigations, fostering enhanced insights into public health, clinical practices, and eye disease research. The URL of TraceEyeDiseas is https://tredis.shinyapps.io/TraceEyeDisease/ .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hritik Yadav
- Govt. V.Y.T. Post Graduate Autonomous College, Durg Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Usha Chouhan
- Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
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5
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Li C, Zhang C, Bai D, Cui Y. Clinical and molecular findings in children with retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:441-451. [PMID: 39206744 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2024.2357305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the clinical and genetic features of a cohort of RP children. METHODS We identified 46 RP patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations among 96 patients with a clinical diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa. All of the patients underwent comprehensive clinical examinations and genetic testing. A retrospective study was conducted on 46 children with retinitis pigmentosa. The genetic and clinical characteristics of children with different genotypes were analyzed. RESULTS Among the 46 children, 13 inherited X-linked gene mutations, including 9 RPGR and 4 RP2 mutations. There were 10 cases of autosomal dominant genes and 23 cases of autosomal recessive genes. XLRP accounted for a larger proportion of children, as observed in previous studies on RP. We found that RPGR genes were the most commonly mutated genes in RP children. The most frequently mutated gene was RPGR (9.3%), followed by RP2 (4.2%) and RPE65 (4.2%). Forty-six patients had mutations in 21 different genes, 19 of which were novel mutations.Most children with XLRP have a high degree of myopia, poor vision, and severe clinical symptoms. Frameshift mutations were more common in XLRP, followed by nonsense mutations. The onset of XLRP is relatively serious since childhood. Most children with ADRP have relatively good visual acuity and mild clinical symptoms, and missense mutations are common. The clinical manifestations of ARRP in children are more severe than those of ADRP in children but milder than those of XLRP in children, and missense mutations are common. The manifestations of RPE65 mutations are also severe and appear early. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that XLRP gene mutations were more common in children than in adults, as observed in previous studies on RP. The proportion of RP children with ADRP is relatively small. The new findings in our study polished the spectrum of novel mutations and the proportions of different genotypes in pediatric patients. The onset of XLRP occurred earlier. The genes with a high incidence in children were all relatively severe gene types of RP. This comprehensive database may provide essential information regarding the initial stage of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Cai C, Gu C, Meng C, He S, Thashi L, Deji D, Zheng Z, Qiu Q. Therapeutic Effects of Metformin on Central Nervous System Diseases: A Focus on Protection of Neurovascular Unit. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1907-1920. [PMID: 39375240 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most commonly used oral hypoglycemic drugs in clinical practice, with unique roles in neurodegeneration and vascular lesions. Neurodegeneration and vasculopathy coexist in many diseases and typically affect the neurovascular unit (NVU), a minimal structural and functional unit in the central nervous system. Its components interact with one another and are indispensable for maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review focuses on retinal (diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa) and cerebral (ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease) diseases to explore the effects of metformin on the NVU. Metformin has a preliminarily confirmed therapeutic effect on the retinal NUV, affecting many of its components, such as photoreceptors (cones and rods), microglia, ganglion, Müller, and vascular endothelial cells. Since it rapidly penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and accumulates in the brain, metformin also has an extensively studied neuronal protective effect in neuronal diseases. Its mechanism affects various NVU components, including pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and vascular endothelial cells, mainly serving to protect the BBB. Regulating the inflammatory response in NVU (especially neurons and microglia) may be the main mechanism of metformin in improving central nervous system related diseases. Metformin may be a potential drug for treating diseases associated with NVU deterioration, however, more trials are needed to validate its timing, duration, dose, clinical effects, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, No. 1111 Xianxia Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai engineering center for precise diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chufeng Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Chunren Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, No. 1111 Xianxia Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
| | - Lhamo Thashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Tibet, PR China
| | - Draga Deji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Tibet, PR China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine; Shanghai engineering center for precise diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tong Ren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, No. 1111 Xianxia Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050, PR China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shigatse People's Hospital, Shigatse, Tibet, PR China.
- High Altitude Ocular Disease Research Center of People's Hospital of Shigatse City and Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
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7
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Carullo G, Orsini N, Piano I, Pozzetti L, Papa A, Fontana A, Napoli D, Corsi F, Marco BD, Galante A, Marotta L, Panzeca G, O'Brien J, Sanchez AG, Doherty H, Mahon N, Clarke L, Contri C, Pasquini S, Gorelli B, Saponara S, Valoti M, Vincenzi F, Varani K, Ramunno A, Brogi S, Butini S, Gemma S, Kennedy BN, Gargini C, Strettoi E, Campiani G. Targeting Relevant HDACs to Support the Survival of Cone Photoreceptors in Inherited Retinal Diseases: Identification of a Potent Pharmacological Tool with In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:14946-14973. [PMID: 38961727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases, which include retinitis pigmentosa, are a family of genetic disorders characterized by gradual rod-cone degeneration and vision loss, without effective pharmacological treatments. Experimental approaches aim to delay disease progression, supporting cones' survival, crucial for human vision. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) mediate the activation of epigenetic and nonepigenetic pathways that modulate cone degeneration in RP mouse models. We developed new HDAC inhibitors (5a-p), typified by a tetrahydro-γ-carboline scaffold, characterized by high HDAC6 inhibition potency with balanced physicochemical properties for in vivo studies. Compound 5d (repistat, IC50 HDAC6 = 6.32 nM) increased the levels of acetylated α-tubulin compared to histone H3 in ARPE-19 and 661W cells. 5d promoted vision rescue in the atp6v0e1-/- zebrafish model of photoreceptor dysfunction. A single intravitreal injection of 5d in the rd10 mouse model of RP supported morphological and functional preservation of cone cells and maintenance of the retinal pigment epithelium array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Orsini
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR) Area della Ricerca, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Regional Doctorate School in Neuroscience of Universities of Florence, Pisa, Siena, Florence, CNR Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Piano
- Department of Pharmacy, Via Bonanno 6, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Pozzetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Papa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Fontana
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Debora Napoli
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR) Area della Ricerca, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Regional Doctorate School in Neuroscience of Universities of Florence, Pisa, Siena, Florence, CNR Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Di Marco
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR) Area della Ricerca, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Regional Doctorate School in Neuroscience of Universities of Florence, Pisa, Siena, Florence, CNR Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ludovica Marotta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Panzeca
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Justine O'Brien
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alicia Gomez Sanchez
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry Doherty
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Mahon
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leni Clarke
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chiara Contri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84100 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, Via Bonanno 6, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Breandán N Kennedy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science and UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Enrica Strettoi
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR) Area della Ricerca, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-7346, Iran
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Trastulli G, Megalizzi D, Calvino G, Andreucci S, Zampatti S, Strafella C, Caltagirone C, Giardina E, Cascella R. RHO Variants and Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa: Insights from the Italian Genetic Landscape. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1158. [PMID: 39336749 PMCID: PMC11431160 DOI: 10.3390/genes15091158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (AD-RP) is caused by several genes, among which RHO is one of the most investigated. This article will be focused on RHO and its role in explaining AD-RP cases in the Italian population, taking advantage of the experience of the Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM at the Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS. The retrospective evaluation of the distribution of RHO variants in the Italian patients with a clinical suspicion of RP pointed out eight variants. Of them, four variants (c.632A>T, c.1040C>T, c.1030C>T, c.383_392del) were pathogenic and made it possible to confirm the diagnosis of AD-RP in nine affected patients, highlighting a lower frequency (17%) of RHO variants compared to previous studies (30-40%). In addition, this study identified four variants classified as Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUS). In conclusion, the experience of the Genomic Medicine Laboratory provides an overview of the distribution of RHO variants in the Italian population, highlighting a slightly lower frequency of these variants in our cases series compared to previous reports. However, further studies on RHO variants are essential to characterize peculiar RP phenotypes and extend the spectrum of disease associated with this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Trastulli
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica Megalizzi
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Calvino
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Andreucci
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Zampatti
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Strafella
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cascella
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, 1010 Tirana, Albania
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9
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Ma Z, Hao J, Yang Z, Zhang M, Xin J, Bi H, Guo D. Research Progress on the Role of Ubiquitination in Eye Diseases. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:1825-1836. [PMID: 38913283 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence and development of ophthalmic diseases are related to the dysfunction of eye tissues. Ubiquitin is an important form of protein post-translational modification, which plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of diseases through specific modification of target proteins. Ubiquitination governs a variety of intracellular signal transduction processes, including proteasome degradation, DNA damage repair, and cell cycle progression. Studies have found that ubiquitin can play a role in eye diseases such as cataracts, glaucoma, keratopathy, retinopathy, and eye tumors. In this paper, the role of protein ubiquitination in eye diseases was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Jiawen Hao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Jizhao Xin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmology and Children Visual Impairment Prevention and Control, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Visual Intelligence, Shandong Academy of Health and Myopia Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents, Jinan, 250002, China.
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
| | - Dadong Guo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmology and Children Visual Impairment Prevention and Control, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Visual Intelligence, Shandong Academy of Health and Myopia Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents, Jinan, 250002, China.
- Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China.
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10
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Liu F, Li R, Zhu Z, Yang Y, Lu F. Current developments of gene therapy in human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e645. [PMID: 39156766 PMCID: PMC11329757 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has witnessed substantial advancements in recent years, becoming a constructive tactic for treating various human diseases. This review presents a comprehensive overview of these developments, with a focus on their diverse applications in different disease contexts. It explores the evolution of gene delivery systems, encompassing viral (like adeno-associated virus; AAV) and nonviral approaches, and evaluates their inherent strengths and limitations. Moreover, the review delves into the progress made in targeting specific tissues and cell types, spanning the eye, liver, muscles, and central nervous system, among others, using these gene technologies. This targeted approach is crucial in addressing a broad spectrum of genetic disorders, such as inherited lysosomal storage diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Recent clinical trials and successful outcomes in gene therapy, particularly those involving AAV and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated proteins, are highlighted, illuminating the transformative potentials of this approach in disease treatment. The review summarizes the current status of gene therapy, its prospects, and its capacity to significantly ameliorate patient outcomes and quality of life. By offering comprehensive analysis, this review provides invaluable insights for researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders, enriching the ongoing discourse on the trajectory of disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfei Liu
- Department of OphthalmologyWest China HospitalChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ruiting Li
- State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zilin Zhu
- College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of OphthalmologyWest China HospitalChengduSichuanChina
- State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalChengduSichuanChina
| | - Fang Lu
- Department of OphthalmologyWest China HospitalChengduSichuanChina
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11
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Yang H, Zhang YJ, Zhu L, Zheng WY, Shi MY, Zhao WR, Zhao HC. A novel compound heterozygous PCDH15 variants is associated with arRP in a Chinese pedigree. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:373. [PMID: 39187782 PMCID: PMC11345949 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of inherited retinal diseases. However, it is still not well understand about the relationship between PCDH15 variants and RP. METHODS In this study, we enrolled a Chinese autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) pedigree and identified the causative gene in the proband by targeted whole exome sequencing (WES). The variants were validated in the family members by Sanger sequencing and co-segregation analysis. RESULTS Novel compound heterozygous, Frame shift variants of the PCDH15 gene, NM_001384140.1:c.4368 - 2147_4368-2131del and NM_001384140.1:c exon19:c.2505del: p. T836Lfs*6 were identified in the arRP pedigree, which co-segregated with the clinical RP phenotypes. The PCDH15 protein is highly conserved among species. CONCLUSION This is the first study to identify novel compound heterozygous variants c.4368 - 2147_4368-2131del and c.2505del(p.T836Lfs*6) in the PCDH15 gene which might be disease-causing variants, and extending the variant spectra. All above findings may be contribute to genetic counseling, molecular diagnosis and clinical management of arRP disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment, Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yun Nan, 653100, China
| | - Ya-Juan Zhang
- Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yun Nan, 653100, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yun Nan, 653100, China
| | - Wei-Yi Zheng
- Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yun Nan, 653100, China
| | - Mei-Yu Shi
- Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yun Nan, 653100, China
| | | | - Hong-Chao Zhao
- Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yun Nan, 653100, China.
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12
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Liu X, Shi P, Ge J. Analysis of PDE6G mutations in a patient with retinitis pigmentosa. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:353. [PMID: 39160471 PMCID: PMC11334475 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in PDE6A and PDE6B are known to cause autosomal recessive RP in humans, On the other hand, mutations in PDE6G are rare but can lead to severe early-onset RP. CASE PRESENTATION An 8-year-old Chinese boy was referred to our hospital for poor vision issues. Refraction with cycloplegia showed high hyperopia with astigmatism both eyes. Funduscopic examination revealed typical bone spicule-type pigment deposits in the periphery and midperiphery. The patient was given glasses and a whole exome sequencing containing mitochondrial genes was performed. The results of genetic testing showed that there was a heterozygous frameshift mutation and a segment deletion in the proband's PDE6G gene. Analysis of the parental genes showed that frameshift mutation was inherited from the proband's mother and segment deletion from his father. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we give a firsthand report that the complex heterozygous mutations of PDE6G gene can causes autosomal recessiveRP (arRP), which expands the understanding of the pathogenic genes of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Liu
- Jinan Mingshui Eye Hospital, Longquan Road 5601, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, China
| | - Peiyan Shi
- Jinan Mingshui Eye Hospital, Longquan Road 5601, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, China
| | - Jinling Ge
- Jinan Mingshui Eye Hospital, Longquan Road 5601, Zhangqiu District, Jinan, China.
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13
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Wu P, Liu Z, Tao W, Lai Y, Yang G, Yuan L. The principles and promising future of sonogenetics for precision medicine. Theranostics 2024; 14:4806-4821. [PMID: 39239514 PMCID: PMC11373633 DOI: 10.7150/thno.98476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sonogenetics is an emerging medical technology that uses acoustic waves to control cells through sonosensitive mediators (SSMs) that are genetically encoded, thus remotely and non-invasively modulating specific molecular events and/or biomolecular functions. Sonogenetics has opened new opportunities for targeted spatiotemporal manipulation in the field of gene and cell-based therapies due to its inherent advantages, such as its noninvasive nature, high level of safety, and deep tissue penetration. Sonogenetics holds impressive potential in a wide range of applications, from tumor immunotherapy and mitigation of Parkinsonian symptoms to the modulation of neural reward pathway, and restoration of vision. This review provides a detailed overview of the mechanisms and classifications of established sonogenetics systems and summarizes their applications in disease treatment and management. The review concludes by highlighting the challenges that hinder the further progress of sonogenetics, paving the way for future advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengying Wu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Zhaoyou Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Wenxin Tao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yubo Lai
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi 710038, China
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14
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Confalonieri F, La Rosa A, Ottonelli G, Barone G, Ferraro V, Di Maria A, Romano M, Randazzo A, Vallejo-Garcia JL, Vinciguerra P, Petrovski G. Retinitis Pigmentosa and Therapeutic Approaches: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4680. [PMID: 39200821 PMCID: PMC11355744 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary retinal dystrophies characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptor cells, which results in debilitating visual impairment. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of emerging treatment modalities for RP, including gene therapy, mesenchymal-cell-based approaches, and supplementary interventions. Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to February 2024. Studies reporting outcomes of treatment interventions for RP, including randomized controlled trials, non-randomized studies, and case series, were included. Data extraction and synthesis were performed according to predefined criteria, focusing on assessing the quality of evidence and summarizing key findings. Results: The search yielded 13 studies meeting inclusion criteria, encompassing diverse treatment modalities and study designs. Gene therapy emerged as a promising therapeutic approach, with several studies reporting favorable outcomes regarding visual function preservation and disease stabilization. Mesenchymal-cell-based therapies also demonstrated potential benefits, although evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. Supplementary interventions, including nutritional supplements and neuroprotective agents, exhibited variable efficacy, with conflicting findings across studies. Conclusions: Despite the lack of definitive curative treatments, emerging therapeutic modalities promise to slow disease progression and preserve visual function in individuals with RP. However, substantial gaps in evidence and heterogeneity in study methodologies underscore the need for further research to elucidate optimal treatment strategies, refine patient selection criteria, and enhance long-term outcomes. This systematic review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence and highlights directions for future research to advance the care and management of individuals with RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Confalonieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio La Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ottonelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Barone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Vanessa Ferraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Maria
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Mary Romano
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Randazzo
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Vinciguerra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Split School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre, 21000 Split, Croatia
- UKLONetwork, University St. Kliment Ohridski-Bitola, 7000 Bitola, North Macedonia
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15
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Khaparde A, Mathias GP, Poornachandra B, Thirumalesh MB, Shetty R, Ghosh A. Gene therapy for retinal diseases: From genetics to treatment. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:1091-1101. [PMID: 39078952 PMCID: PMC11451791 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2902_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The gene therapy approach for retinal disorders has been considered largely over the last decade owing to the favorable outcomes of the US Food and Drug Administration-approved commercial gene therapy, Luxturna. Technological advances in recent years, such as next-generation sequencing, research in molecular pathogenesis of retinal disorders, and precise correlations with their clinical phenotypes, have contributed to the progress of gene therapies for various diseases worldwide, and more recently in India as well. Thus, considerable research is being conducted for the right choice of vectors, transgene engineering, and accessible and cost-effective large-scale vector production. Many retinal disease-specific clinical trials are presently being conducted, thereby necessitating the collation of such information as a ready reference for the scientific and clinical community. In this article, we present an overview of existing gene therapy research, which is derived from an extensive search across PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinicaltrials.gov sources. This contributes to prime the understanding of basic aspects of this cutting-edge technology and information regarding current clinical trials across many different conditions. This information will provide a comprehensive evaluation of therapies in existing use/research for personalized treatment approaches in retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Khaparde
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Grace P Mathias
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - B Poornachandra
- Department of Vitreo Retina Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - M B Thirumalesh
- Department of Vitreo Retina Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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16
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Donato L, Scimone C, Alibrandi S, Vadalà M, Castellucci M, Bonfiglio VME, Scalinci SZ, Abate G, D'Angelo R, Sidoti A. The genomic mosaic of mitochondrial dysfunction: Decoding nuclear and mitochondrial epigenetic contributions to maternally inherited diabetes and deafness pathogenesis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34756. [PMID: 39148984 PMCID: PMC11324998 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) is a complex disorder characterized by multiorgan clinical manifestations, including diabetes, hearing loss, and ophthalmic complications. This pilot study aimed to elucidate the intricate interplay between nuclear and mitochondrial genetics, epigenetic modifications, and their potential implications in the pathogenesis of MIDD. Main methods A comprehensive genomic approach was employed to analyze a Sicilian family affected by clinically characterized MIDD, negative to the only known causative m.3243 A > G variant, integrating whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing of both nuclear and mitochondrial analyses. Key findings Rare and deleterious variants were identified across multiple nuclear genes involved in retinal homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and epigenetic regulation, while complementary mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed a rich tapestry of genetic diversity across genes encoding components of the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis machinery. Epigenetic analyses uncovered significant differentially methylated regions across the genome and within the mitochondrial genome, suggesting a nuanced landscape of epigenetic modulation. Significance The integration of genetic and epigenetic data highlighted the potential crosstalk between nuclear and mitochondrial regulation, with specific mtDNA variants influencing methylation patterns and potentially impacting the expression and regulation of mitochondrial genes. This pilot study provides valuable insights into the complex molecular mechanisms underlying MIDD, emphasizing the interplay between nucleus and mitochondrion, tracing the way for future research into targeted therapeutic interventions and personalized approaches for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-edge Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., Palermo, 90139, Italy
| | - Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-edge Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., Palermo, 90139, Italy
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-edge Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., Palermo, 90139, Italy
| | - Maria Vadalà
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Cutting-edge Therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., Palermo, 90139, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), Ophthalmology Institute, University of Palermo, 90143, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Castellucci
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), Ophthalmology Institute, University of Palermo, 90143, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenza Maria Elena Bonfiglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), Ophthalmology Institute, University of Palermo, 90143, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Abate
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Rosalia D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, 98125, Italy
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17
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Liu Y, Zong X, Cao W, Zhang W, Zhang N, Yang N. Gene Therapy for Retinitis Pigmentosa: Current Challenges and New Progress. Biomolecules 2024; 14:903. [PMID: 39199291 PMCID: PMC11352491 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) poses a significant threat to eye health worldwide, with prevalence rates of 1 in 5000 worldwide. This genetically diverse retinopathy is characterized by the loss of photoreceptor cells and atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Despite the involvement of more than 3000 mutations across approximately 90 genes in its onset, finding an effective treatment has been challenging for a considerable time. However, advancements in scientific research, especially in gene therapy, are significantly expanding treatment options for this most prevalent inherited eye disease, with the discovery of new compounds, gene-editing techniques, and gene loci offering hope for more effective treatments. Gene therapy, a promising technology, utilizes viral or non-viral vectors to correct genetic defects by either replacing or silencing disease-causing genes, potentially leading to complete recovery. In this review, we primarily focus on the latest applications of gene editing research in RP. We delve into the most prevalent genes associated with RP and discuss advancements in genome-editing strategies currently employed to correct various disease-causing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ningzhi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road #238, Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (W.C.); (W.Z.)
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18
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Gaffney M, Connor TB, Cooper RF. Intensity-based optoretinography reveals sub-clinical deficits in cone function in retinitis pigmentosa. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 4:1373549. [PMID: 38984134 PMCID: PMC11182324 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2024.1373549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Clinical tools have been widely used in the diagnosis, description, and monitoring the progression of retinitis pigmentosa (RP); however, many of these methods have inherently low sensitivity and specificity, and significant photoreceptor disruption can occur before RP progression has clinically manifest. Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) has shown promise as a powerful tool for assessing photoreceptor disruption both structurally and functionally due to its increased resolution. Methods Here we assess photoreceptor structure and function at the cellular level through AOSLO by acquiring intensity based optoretinography (iORG) in 15 individuals with no reported retinal pathology and 7 individuals with a prior clinical diagnosis of RP. Photoreceptor structure was quantified by calculating cone nearest neighbor distance (NND) across different retinal eccentricities from the AOSLO images. Cone outer segment length was measured across different retinal eccentricities using optical coherence tomography (OCT) derived longitudinal reflectivity profiles (LRPs). Finally, iORG measures of photoreceptor function were compared to retinal sensitivity as measured using the macular integrity assessment (MAIA) microperimeter. Results Broadly, participants with RP exhibited increasing cone nearest neighbor distances and decreasing cone outer segment length as a function of retinal eccentricity, consistent with prior reports for both controls and individuals with RP. Nearly all individuals with RP had reduced iORG amplitudes for all retinal eccentricities when compared to the control cohort, and the reduction was greater in eccentricities further from the fovea. Comparing iORG amplitudes to MAIA retinal sensitivity, we found that the iORG was more sensitive to early changes in photoreceptor function whereas MAIA was more sensitive to later stages of disease. Discussion This highlights the utility of iORG as a method to detect sub-clinical deficits in cone function in all stages of disease progression and supports the future use of iORG for identifying cells that are candidates for cellular based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Gaffney
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Thomas B. Connor
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Robert F. Cooper
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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19
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Xu Y, Tummala SR, Chen X, Vardi N. VDAC in Retinal Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:654. [PMID: 38927058 PMCID: PMC11201675 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The retina, a tissue of the central nervous system, is vital for vision as its photoreceptors capture light and transform it into electrical signals, which are further processed before they are sent to the brain to be interpreted as images. The retina is unique in that it is continuously exposed to light and has the highest metabolic rate and demand for energy amongst all the tissues in the body. Consequently, the retina is very susceptible to oxidative stress. VDAC, a pore in the outer membrane of mitochondria, shuttles metabolites between mitochondria and the cytosol and normally protects cells from oxidative damage, but when a cell's integrity is greatly compromised it initiates cell death. There are three isoforms of VDAC, and existing evidence indicates that all three are expressed in the retina. However, their precise localization and function in each cell type is unknown. It appears that most retinal cells express substantial amounts of VDAC2 and VDAC3, presumably to protect them from oxidative stress. Photoreceptors express VDAC2, HK2, and PKM2-key proteins in the Warburg pathway that also protect these cells. Consistent with its role in initiating cell death, VDAC is overexpressed in the retinal degenerative diseases retinitis pigmentosa, age related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma. Treatment with antioxidants or inhibiting VDAC oligomerization reduced its expression and improved cell survival. Thus, VDAC may be a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Shanti R. Tummala
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Xiongmin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Noga Vardi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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20
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Pérez O, Stanzani A, Huang L, Schipper N, Loftsson T, Bollmark M, Marigo V. New Improved cGMP Analogues to Target Rod Photoreceptor Degeneration. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8396-8405. [PMID: 38688030 PMCID: PMC11129186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a form of retinal degeneration affecting a young population with an unmet medical need. Photoreceptor degeneration has been associated with increased guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), which reaches toxic levels for photoreceptors. Therefore, inhibitory cGMP analogues attract interest for RP treatments. Here we present the synthesis of dithio-CN03, a phosphorodithioate analogue of cGMP, prepared using the H-phosphonothioate route. Two crystal modifications were identified as a trihydrate and a tetrahydrofuran monosolvates. Dithio-CN03 featured a lower aqueous solubility than its RP-phosphorothioate counterpart CN03, a drug candidate, and this characteristic might be favorable for sustained-release formulations aimed at retinal delivery. Dithio-CN03 was tested in vitro for its neuroprotective effects in photoreceptor models of RP. The comparison of dithio-CN03 to CN03 and its diastereomer SP-CN03, and to their phosphate derivative oxo-CN03 identifies dithio-CN03 as the compound with the highest efficacy in neuroprotection and thus as a promising new candidate for the treatment of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo Pérez
- Chemical
Processes and Pharmaceutical Development Research Institutes of Sweden, Forskargatan 20 J, 15136 Södertälje, Sweden
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Iceland, Hofsvallagata
53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Agnese Stanzani
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Li Huang
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicolaas Schipper
- Chemical
Processes and Pharmaceutical Development Research Institutes of Sweden, Forskargatan 20 J, 15136 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Iceland, Hofsvallagata
53, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Martin Bollmark
- Chemical
Processes and Pharmaceutical Development Research Institutes of Sweden, Forskargatan 20 J, 15136 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Valeria Marigo
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Modena and
Reggio Emilia, via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
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21
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Yan W, He Q, Long P, Chen T, Zhang L, Wang H. Effect of molecular hydrogen, a novelly-established antioxidant, on the retinal degeneration of hereditary retinitis pigmentosa: an in-vivo study. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1294315. [PMID: 38638334 PMCID: PMC11025393 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1294315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Our research was performed in order to explore the effects of molecular hydrogen (H2), a novelly-established antioxidant, on the retinal degeneration in rd1 mice, an animal model of inherited retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods The rd1 mice were divided randomly into control and H2 intervention groups. Mice from other groups received H2 intervention in three modes, two modes of the hydrogen gas (HG) and one model of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS). At 14 days post born (P14) and P21, various indicators were detected in all mice, including eletroretinogram (ERG), fundus phography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and retinal immunotaining of microglia cells' marker, Iba1. Results The ERG amplitude in mice from the control and H2 intervention groups showed no statistical differences (p > 0.05). At P14 and P21, no significant difference in the distance from the retinal pigment epithelium to the outer plexiform layer on OCT from mice of the above two groups was found (p > 0.05). The thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) in mice at P14 and P21 showed no statistical differences between the control group and the H2 intervention group (p > 0.05). In the aspect of the number of Iba1-positive cells, we did not found any significant differences between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Different forms of H2 intervention (hydrogen-rich saline and hydrogen gas) had no obvious effects on the course of retinal degeneration in rd1 mice. The specific mechanism of photoreceptor degeneration in the hereditary RP mouse model may be different, requiring different medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Yan
- The Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi’an People’s Hospital, Xi’an Fourth Hospital, Xi’an, China
- The Third Hospital of Zhangzhou, Zhangzhou, China
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiurui He
- The Third Hospital of Zhangzhou, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Pan Long
- The General Hospital of Western Theatre Command, PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Center of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi’an People’s Hospital, Xi’an Fourth Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- The Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi’an People’s Hospital, Xi’an Fourth Hospital, Xi’an, China
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Zhuang J, Zhang R, Zhou B, Cao Z, Zhou J, Chen X, Zhang N, Zhu Y, Yang J. Mutation analysis of RHO in patients with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:147-152. [PMID: 38284172 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2294843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify RHO mutations in patients with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa (NS-RP). METHODS A total of 143 probands (46 family history and 97 sporadic cases) with NS-RP were recruited from Southeast China. The coding exons and adjacent intronic regions of RHO were PCR-amplified and sequenced by Sanger sequencing. The candidate variant was evaluated by the guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and further validated through co-segregation analysis within the family. RESULTS Five heterozygous mutations in RHO were detected in 5 out of 143 probands, where the frequency of RHO mutations in our cohort was approximately 3.5% (5/143) and 10.8% (5/46) for probands and families with NS-RP, respectively. Three known disease-causing mutations including c.C1030T (p.Q344X), c.C173G (p.T58R), and c.G266A (p.G89D) were identified in three unrelated families. The other two previously unreported mutations c.557C>A (p.S186X) and c.944delA (p.N315TfsX43) were confirmed in Family RP-087 and Family RP-139, respectively. These mutations co-segregated with available affected individuals in each family were not observed in the unaffected family members or in the 112 unrelated controls. CONCLUSIONS This report expands the mutational spectrum of RHO gene associated with NS-RP and demonstrates the frequency of RP RHO mutations in Southeast Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfu Zhuang
- Ophthalmology, Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Rongcai Zhang
- Fujian Baimeng Biotechnology Research Center, Fujian BioMed Technology Co. LTD, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Biting Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zongfu Cao
- National Human Genetic Resources Center, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaole Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Nanwen Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yihua Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Wang R, Rao S, Zhong Z, Xiao K, Chen X, Sun X. Emerging role of ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy: a review. J Drug Target 2024; 32:393-403. [PMID: 38385350 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2316775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant complication of diabetes and the primary cause of blindness among working age adults globally. The development of DR is accompanied by oxidative stress, characterised by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a compromised antioxidant system. Clinical interventions aimed at mitigating oxidative stress through ROS scavenging or elimination are currently available. Nevertheless, these treatments merely provide limited management over the advanced stage of the illness. Ferroptosis is a distinctive form of cell death induced by oxidative stress, which is characterised by irondependent phospholipid peroxidation. PURPOSE This review aims to synthesise recent experimental evidence to examine the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathological processes of DR, as well as to explicate the regulatory pathways governing oxidative stress and ferroptosis in retina. METHODS We systematically reviewed literature available up to 2023. RESULTS This review included 12 studies investigating the involvement of ferroptosis in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Suyun Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Xufang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
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Yang H, Zhang H, Li X. Navigating the future of retinitis pigmentosa treatments: A comprehensive analysis of therapeutic approaches in rd10 mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106436. [PMID: 38341159 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a degenerative disease, caused by genetic mutations that lead to a loss in photoreceptors. For research on RP, rd10 mice, which carry mutations in the phosphodiesterase (PDE) gene, exhibit degenerative patterns comparable to those of patients with RP, making them an ideal model for investigating potential treatments. Although numerous studies have reported the potential of biochemical drugs, gene correction, and stem cell transplantation in decelerating rd10 retinal degeneration, a comprehensive review of these studies has yet to be conducted. Therefore, here, a comparative analysis of rd10 mouse treatment research over the past decade was performed. Our findings suggest that biochemical drugs capable of inhibiting the inflammatory response may be promising therapeutics. Additionally, significant progress has been made in the field of gene therapy; nevertheless, challenges such as strict delivery requirements, bystander editing, and off-target effects still need to be resolved. Nevertheless, secretory function is the only unequivocal protective effect of stem cell transplantation. In summary, this review presents a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the treatment approaches employing rd10 mice as experimental subjects, describing a clear pathway for future RP treatment research and identifies potential clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, No. 251, Fukang Road, Tianjin 300384, China.
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Khaboushan AS, Ebadpour N, Moghadam MMJ, Rezaee Z, Kajbafzadeh AM, Zolbin MM. Cell therapy for retinal degenerative disorders: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:227. [PMID: 38431596 PMCID: PMC10908175 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal degenerative disorders (RDDs) cause vision loss by damaging retinal neurons and photoreceptors, affecting individuals of all ages. Cell-based therapy has emerged as an effective approach for the treatment of RDDs with promising results. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of cell therapy in treating age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and Stargardt macular degeneration (SMD) as the most prevalent RDDs. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched using keywords related to various retinal diseases and cell therapy treatments until November 25th, 2023. The studies' quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) checklist for quasi-experimental studies. Visual acuity measured as LogMAR score was used as our main outcome. A three-level random-effect meta-analysis was used to explore the visual acuity in patients who received cell-based therapy. Heterogeneity among the included studies was evaluated using subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Moreover, meta-regression for the type of cells, year of publication, and mean age of participants were performed. RESULTS Overall, 8345 studies were retrieved by the search, and 39 met the eligibility criteria, out of which 18 studies with a total of 224 eyes were included in the meta-analysis. There were 12 studies conducted on AMD, 7 on SMD, and 2 on RP. Cell therapy for AMD showed significant improvement in LogMAR (p < 0.05). Also, cell therapy decreased the LogMAR score in SMD and RP (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Across all conditions, no substantial publication bias was detected (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of the study highlight that the application of cell therapy can enhance the visual acuity in AMD, SMD, and RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Soltani Khaboushan
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Ebadpour
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Johari Moghadam
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Tschannen Eye Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zahra Rezaee
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Zandanell J, Wießner M, Bauer JW, Wagner RN. Stop codon readthrough as a treatment option for epidermolysis bullosa-Where we are and where we are going. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15042. [PMID: 38459626 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In the context of rare genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations, the concept of induced stop codon readthrough (SCR) represents an attractive avenue in the ongoing search for improved treatment options. Epidermolysis bullosa (EB)-exemplary for this group of diseases-describes a diverse group of rare, blistering genodermatoses. Characterized by extreme skin fragility upon minor mechanical trauma, the most severe forms often result from nonsense mutations that lead to premature translation termination and loss of function of essential proteins at the dermo-epidermal junction. Since no curative interventions are currently available, medical care is mainly limited to alleviating symptoms and preventing complications. Complementary to attempts of gene, cell and protein therapy in EB, SCR represents a promising medical alternative. While gentamicin has already been examined in several clinical trials involving EB, other potent SCR inducers, such as ataluren, may also show promise in treating the hitherto non-curative disease. In addition to the extensively studied aminoglycosides and their derivatives, several other substance classes-non-aminoglycoside antibiotics and non-aminoglycoside compounds-are currently under investigation. The extensive data gathered in numerous in vitro experiments and the perspectives they reveal in the clinical setting will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Zandanell
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Wießner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann W Bauer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roland N Wagner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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27
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Jiménez-Berríos GA, Vázquez-Folch SJ, Izquierdo N. Open-Angle and Steroid-Induced Glaucoma in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Dangerous Liaison. Cureus 2024; 16:e55632. [PMID: 38586746 PMCID: PMC10996434 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) may develop open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma. We conducted a chart review of patients with RP. Two siblings with RP associated with a mutation in the PDE6B gene (c. 1540del, p.Leu514Trpfs*61) developed cystoid macular edema (CME) as part of the disease. For this reason, they both underwent intravitreal steroid injections. Both brothers developed steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG). Despite undergoing maximal medical therapy, they underwent seton implants to control their intraocular pressure. A third female patient with RP due to a mutation in the RPGR gene underwent cataract surgery. Topical steroids were prescribed and developed SIG. Increased intraocular pressure remains a complication of topical, injected, and systemic steroids. However, steroids may be needed to treat post-operatively and patients with CME. This case series unveils a complex association between RP and key comorbidities in these patients, with a focus on cataracts, glaucoma, and macular edema. Cataract surgery in patients with RP shows a link to the emergence of glaucoma, particularly in those with RPGR and PDE6B gene mutations, revealing a novel association with PDE6B mutations not previously documented. Furthermore, the paper explores a unique parallel with Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome, suggesting that patients with RP undergoing cataract surgery may develop increased intraocular pressure due to an outflow disturbance akin to Schwartz syndrome. This novel perspective deepens our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms governing intraocular pressure dynamics in patients with RP. To our knowledge, this is the first report of steroid-induced glaucoma in patients with RP due to mutations in the PDE6B gene. Intraocular pressure evaluation remains of utmost importance in the follow-up of patients with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalio Izquierdo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PRI
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Naeimzadeh Y, Tajbakhsh A, Fallahi J. Understanding the prion-like behavior of mutant p53 proteins in triple-negative breast cancer pathogenesis: The current therapeutic strategies and future directions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26260. [PMID: 38390040 PMCID: PMC10881377 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is viewed as a significant public health issue and is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive subtype that predominantly affects young premenopausal women. The tumor suppressor p53 playsa vital role in the cellular response to DNA damage, and its loss or mutations are commonly present in many cancers, including BC. Recent evidence suggests that mutant p53 proteins can aggregate and form prion-like structures, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of different types of malignancies, such as BC. This review provides an overview of BC molecular subtypes, the epidemiology of TNBC, and the role of p53 in BC development. We also discuss the potential implications of prion-like aggregation in BC and highlight future research directions. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of the current therapeutic approaches targeting p53 aggregates in BC treatment is presented. Strategies including small molecules, chaperone inhibitors, immunotherapy, CRISPR-Cas9, and siRNA are discussed, along with their potential benefits and drawbacks. The use of these approaches to inhibit p53 aggregation and degradation represents a promising target for cancer therapy. Future investigations into the efficacy of these approaches against various p53 mutations or binding to non-p53 proteins should be conducted to develop more effective and personalized therapies for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Naeimzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7133654361, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jafar Fallahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 7133654361, Iran
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Esteban-Medina M, Loucera C, Rian K, Velasco S, Olivares-González L, Rodrigo R, Dopazo J, Peña-Chilet M. The mechanistic functional landscape of retinitis pigmentosa: a machine learning-driven approach to therapeutic target discovery. J Transl Med 2024; 22:139. [PMID: 38321543 PMCID: PMC10848380 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis pigmentosa is the prevailing genetic cause of blindness in developed nations with no effective treatments. In the pursuit of unraveling the intricate dynamics underlying this complex disease, mechanistic models emerge as a tool of proven efficiency rooted in systems biology, to elucidate the interplay between RP genes and their mechanisms. The integration of mechanistic models and drug-target interactions under the umbrella of machine learning methodologies provides a multifaceted approach that can boost the discovery of novel therapeutic targets, facilitating further drug repurposing in RP. METHODS By mapping Retinitis Pigmentosa-related genes (obtained from Orphanet, OMIM and HPO databases) onto KEGG signaling pathways, a collection of signaling functional circuits encompassing Retinitis Pigmentosa molecular mechanisms was defined. Next, a mechanistic model of the so-defined disease map, where the effects of interventions can be simulated, was built. Then, an explainable multi-output random forest regressor was trained using normal tissue transcriptomic data to learn causal connections between targets of approved drugs from DrugBank and the functional circuits of the mechanistic disease map. Selected target genes involvement were validated on rd10 mice, a murine model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. RESULTS A mechanistic functional map of Retinitis Pigmentosa was constructed resulting in 226 functional circuits belonging to 40 KEGG signaling pathways. The method predicted 109 targets of approved drugs in use with a potential effect over circuits corresponding to nine hallmarks identified. Five of those targets were selected and experimentally validated in rd10 mice: Gabre, Gabra1 (GABARα1 protein), Slc12a5 (KCC2 protein), Grin1 (NR1 protein) and Glr2a. As a result, we provide a resource to evaluate the potential impact of drug target genes in Retinitis Pigmentosa. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of building actionable disease models in combination with machine learning algorithms to learn causal drug-disease interactions opens new avenues for boosting drug discovery. Such mechanistically-based hypotheses can guide and accelerate the experimental validations prioritizing drug target candidates. In this work, a mechanistic model describing the functional disease map of Retinitis Pigmentosa was developed, identifying five promising therapeutic candidates targeted by approved drug. Further experimental validation will demonstrate the efficiency of this approach for a systematic application to other rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Esteban-Medina
- Andalusian Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain
- Systems and Computational Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Loucera
- Andalusian Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain
- Systems and Computational Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Kinza Rian
- Andalusian Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain
- Systems and Computational Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Sheyla Velasco
- Group of Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorena Olivares-González
- Group of Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Regina Rodrigo
- Group of Pathophysiology and Therapies for Vision Disorders, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia (UV), 46100, Burjassot, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics UV-IIS La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Andalusian Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain.
- Systems and Computational Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013, Seville, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Peña-Chilet
- Andalusian Platform for Computational Medicine, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, Seville, Spain.
- Systems and Computational Medicine Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013, Seville, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- BigData, AI, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Platform, Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLaFe), 46026, Valencia, Spain.
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Ruggeri F, Ciancimino C, Guillot A, Fumi D, Tizio FD, Fragiotta S, Abdolrahimzadeh S. Posterior Polar Annular Choroidal Dystrophy: Genetic Insights and Differential Diagnosis in Inherited Retinal Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1383-1397. [PMID: 38392207 PMCID: PMC10887594 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Posterior polar annular choroidal dystrophy (PPACD) is a rare ocular disorder and presents as symmetric degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the underlying choriocapillaris, encircling the retinal vascular arcades and optic disc. This condition distinctively preserves the foveal region, optic disc, and the outermost regions of the retina. Despite its distinct clinical presentation, due to the infrequency of its occurrence and the limited number of reported cases, the pathophysiology, and the genetic foundations of PPACD are still largely uncharted. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating potential genetic contributors to PPACD, assessing current findings, and identifying genes that warrant further study. Emphasis is also placed on the crucial role of multimodal imaging in diagnosing PPACD, highlighting its importance in understanding disease pathophysiology. By analyzing existing case reports and drawing comparisons with similar retinal disorders, this paper endeavors to delineate the possible genetic correlations in PPACD, providing a foundation for future genetic research and the development of targeted diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ruggeri
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciancimino
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Guillot
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Fumi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Federico Di Tizio
- St. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Fragiotta
- UOC Ophthalmology, Department of Surgical Areas, S.M. Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
- St. Andrea Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035/1039, 00189 Rome, Italy
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Moshtaghion SM, Caballano-Infantes E, Plaza Reyes Á, Valdés-Sánchez L, Fernández PG, de la Cerda B, Riga MS, Álvarez-Dolado M, Peñalver P, Morales JC, Díaz-Corrales FJ. Piceid Octanoate Protects Retinal Cells against Oxidative Damage by Regulating the Sirtuin 1/Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase 1 Axis In Vitro and in rd10 Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:201. [PMID: 38397799 PMCID: PMC10886367 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa is a common cause of inherited blindness in adults, which in many cases is associated with an increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induces DNA damage, triggering Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase 1 (PARP1) activation and leading to parthanatos-mediated cell death. Previous studies have shown that resveratrol (RSV) is a promising molecule that can mitigate PARP1 overactivity, but its low bioavailability is a limitation for medical use. This study examined the impact of a synthesized new acylated RSV prodrug, piceid octanoate (PIC-OCT), in the 661W cell line against H2O2 oxidative stress and in rd10 mice. PIC-OCT possesses a better ADME profile than RSV. In response to H2O2, 661W cells pretreated with PIC-OCT preserved cell viability in more than 38% of cells by significantly promoting SIRT1 nuclear translocation, preserving NAD+/NADH ratio, and suppressing intracellular ROS formation. These effects result from expressing antioxidant genes, maintaining mitochondrial function, reducing PARP1 nuclear expression, and preventing AIF nuclear translocation. In rd10 mice, PIC-OCT inhibited PAR-polymer formation, increased SIRT1 expression, significantly reduced TUNEL-positive cells in the retinal outer nuclear layer, preserved ERGs, and enhanced light chamber activity (all p values < 0.05). Our findings corroborate that PIC-OCT protects photoreceptors by modulating the SIRT1/PARP1 axis in models of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohamadmehdi Moshtaghion
- Department of Integrative Pathophysiology and Therapies, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER), Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain; (S.M.M.); (Á.P.R.); (L.V.-S.); (P.G.F.); (B.d.l.C.); (M.S.R.); (M.Á.-D.)
| | - Estefanía Caballano-Infantes
- Department of Integrative Pathophysiology and Therapies, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER), Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain; (S.M.M.); (Á.P.R.); (L.V.-S.); (P.G.F.); (B.d.l.C.); (M.S.R.); (M.Á.-D.)
| | - Álvaro Plaza Reyes
- Department of Integrative Pathophysiology and Therapies, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER), Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain; (S.M.M.); (Á.P.R.); (L.V.-S.); (P.G.F.); (B.d.l.C.); (M.S.R.); (M.Á.-D.)
| | - Lourdes Valdés-Sánchez
- Department of Integrative Pathophysiology and Therapies, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER), Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain; (S.M.M.); (Á.P.R.); (L.V.-S.); (P.G.F.); (B.d.l.C.); (M.S.R.); (M.Á.-D.)
| | - Patricia Gallego Fernández
- Department of Integrative Pathophysiology and Therapies, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER), Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain; (S.M.M.); (Á.P.R.); (L.V.-S.); (P.G.F.); (B.d.l.C.); (M.S.R.); (M.Á.-D.)
| | - Berta de la Cerda
- Department of Integrative Pathophysiology and Therapies, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER), Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain; (S.M.M.); (Á.P.R.); (L.V.-S.); (P.G.F.); (B.d.l.C.); (M.S.R.); (M.Á.-D.)
| | - Maurizio S. Riga
- Department of Integrative Pathophysiology and Therapies, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER), Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain; (S.M.M.); (Á.P.R.); (L.V.-S.); (P.G.F.); (B.d.l.C.); (M.S.R.); (M.Á.-D.)
| | - Manuel Álvarez-Dolado
- Department of Integrative Pathophysiology and Therapies, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER), Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain; (S.M.M.); (Á.P.R.); (L.V.-S.); (P.G.F.); (B.d.l.C.); (M.S.R.); (M.Á.-D.)
| | - Pablo Peñalver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), PTS-Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.P.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Juan C. Morales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra (IPBLN), PTS-Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.P.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Francisco J. Díaz-Corrales
- Department of Integrative Pathophysiology and Therapies, Andalusian Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Centre (CABIMER), Junta de Andalucía, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Avda. Américo Vespucio 24, 41092 Seville, Spain; (S.M.M.); (Á.P.R.); (L.V.-S.); (P.G.F.); (B.d.l.C.); (M.S.R.); (M.Á.-D.)
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Vingolo EM, Mascolo S, Miccichè F, Manco G. Retinitis Pigmentosa: From Pathomolecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:189. [PMID: 38276069 PMCID: PMC10819364 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited disease, in which mutations in different types of genes lead to the death of photoreceptors and the loss of visual function. Although retinitis pigmentosa is the most common type of inherited retinal dystrophy, a clear line of therapy has not yet been defined. In this review, we will focus on the therapeutic aspect and attempt to define the advantages and disadvantages of the protocols of different therapies. The role of some therapies, such as antioxidant agents or gene therapy, has been established for years now. Many clinical trials on different genes and mutations causing RP have been conducted, and the approval of voretigene nepavorec by the FDA has been an important step forward. Nonetheless, even if gene therapy is the most promising type of treatment for these patients, other innovative strategies, such as stem cell transplantation or hyperbaric oxygen therapy, have been shown to be safe and improve visual quality during clinical trials. The treatment of this disease remains a challenge, to which we hope to find a solution as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Mascolo
- Sense Organs Department, UOSD of Ophtalmology, University la Sapienza of Rome, Polo Pontino-Ospedale A. Fiorini, 4019 Terracina, Italy; (E.M.V.); (F.M.); (G.M.)
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Santa Cruz-Pavlovich FJ, Bolaños-Chang AJ, Del Rio-Murillo XI, Aranda-Preciado GA, Razura-Ruiz EM, Santos A, Navarro-Partida J. Beyond Vision: An Overview of Regenerative Medicine and Its Current Applications in Ophthalmological Care. Cells 2024; 13:179. [PMID: 38247870 PMCID: PMC10814238 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine (RM) has emerged as a promising and revolutionary solution to address a range of unmet needs in healthcare, including ophthalmology. Moreover, RM takes advantage of the body's innate ability to repair and replace pathologically affected tissues. On the other hand, despite its immense promise, RM faces challenges such as ethical concerns, host-related immune responses, and the need for additional scientific validation, among others. The primary aim of this review is to present a high-level overview of current strategies in the domain of RM (cell therapy, exosomes, scaffolds, in vivo reprogramming, organoids, and interspecies chimerism), centering around the field of ophthalmology. A search conducted on clinicaltrials.gov unveiled a total of at least 209 interventional trials related to RM within the ophthalmological field. Among these trials, there were numerous early-phase studies, including phase I, I/II, II, II/III, and III trials. Many of these studies demonstrate potential in addressing previously challenging and degenerative eye conditions, spanning from posterior segment pathologies like Age-related Macular Degeneration and Retinitis Pigmentosa to anterior structure diseases such as Dry Eye Disease and Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. Notably, these therapeutic approaches offer tailored solutions specific to the underlying causes of each pathology, thus allowing for the hopeful possibility of bringing forth a treatment for ocular diseases that previously seemed incurable and significantly enhancing patients' quality of life. As advancements in research and technology continue to unfold, future objectives should focus on ensuring the safety and prolonged viability of transplanted cells, devising efficient delivery techniques, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Santa Cruz-Pavlovich
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (F.J.S.C.-P.); (A.J.B.-C.); (X.I.D.R.-M.); (E.M.R.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Andres J. Bolaños-Chang
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (F.J.S.C.-P.); (A.J.B.-C.); (X.I.D.R.-M.); (E.M.R.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Ximena I. Del Rio-Murillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (F.J.S.C.-P.); (A.J.B.-C.); (X.I.D.R.-M.); (E.M.R.-R.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Esmeralda M. Razura-Ruiz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (F.J.S.C.-P.); (A.J.B.-C.); (X.I.D.R.-M.); (E.M.R.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Arturo Santos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (F.J.S.C.-P.); (A.J.B.-C.); (X.I.D.R.-M.); (E.M.R.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Jose Navarro-Partida
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (F.J.S.C.-P.); (A.J.B.-C.); (X.I.D.R.-M.); (E.M.R.-R.); (A.S.)
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Luo HD, Pei SN, Wang AJ, Yu XQ, Hu HJ, Zeng L, Wang FF, Jin M, Zhang X. A pedigree with retinitis pigmentosa and its concomitant ophthalmic diseases. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1962-1970. [PMID: 38111930 PMCID: PMC10700071 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.12.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To characterize the ophthalmic clinical phenotype of a family with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and closed-angle glaucoma and to detect pathogenic genes and mutation sites causing RP in this family. METHODS Ophthalmic clinic performance was examined in detail in 8 enrolled family members. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 4 family members for whole-exome sequencing (WES) to select potential genetic mutations whose structures were identified by bioinformatics analysis. Then, Sanger sequencing was used in 12 family members and control group members to validate and confirm the disease-causing mutation loci, and we analyzed the genotype-phenotype relationships. RESULTS The known c.512C>T (p.P171L) mutation in the rhodopsin (RHO) gene was only found in afflicted family members and was confirmed by WES and Sanger sequencing as the pathogenic mutation in this family. In addition to being diagnosed with RP, family member III:4 was found to have bilateral closed-angle glaucoma, high myopia, and concurrent cataracts, and family members II:2 and II:4 had pathological changes of anterior chamber angle narrowing. Family members IV:3 and IV:4 were found to have retinoschisis. CONCLUSION Glaucoma and related pathological changes, such as retinoschisis, in family members are preliminarily considered RP complications caused by RHO mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dou Luo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shao-Nan Pei
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ai-Jia Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xue-Qing Yu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Jian Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fei-Fei Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Böhm EW, Buonfiglio F, Voigt AM, Bachmann P, Safi T, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Oxidative stress in the eye and its role in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102967. [PMID: 38006824 PMCID: PMC10701459 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs through an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense mechanisms of cells. The eye is particularly exposed to oxidative stress because of its permanent exposure to light and due to several structures having high metabolic activities. The anterior part of the eye is highly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and possesses a complex antioxidant defense system to protect the retina from UV radiation. The posterior part of the eye exhibits high metabolic rates and oxygen consumption leading subsequently to a high production rate of ROS. Furthermore, inflammation, aging, genetic factors, and environmental pollution, are all elements promoting ROS generation and impairing antioxidant defense mechanisms and thereby representing risk factors leading to oxidative stress. An abnormal redox status was shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of various ocular diseases in the anterior and posterior segment of the eye. In this review, we aim to summarize the mechanisms of oxidative stress in ocular diseases to provide an updated understanding on the pathogenesis of common diseases affecting the ocular surface, the lens, the retina, and the optic nerve. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing oxidative stress in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Wilma Böhm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Voigt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tarek Safi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Liang Y, Sun X, Duan C, Tang S, Chen J. Application of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and organoids in inherited retinal diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:340. [PMID: 38012786 PMCID: PMC10683306 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) can induce severe sight-threatening retinal degeneration and impose a considerable economic burden on patients and society, making efforts to cure blindness imperative. Transgenic animals mimicking human genetic diseases have long been used as a primary research tool to decipher the underlying pathogenesis, but there are still some obvious limitations. As an alternative strategy, patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), particularly three-dimensional (3D) organoid technology, are considered a promising platform for modeling different forms of IRDs, including retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis, X-linked recessive retinoschisis, Batten disease, achromatopsia, and best vitelliform macular dystrophy. Here, this paper focuses on the status of patient-derived iPSCs and organoids in IRDs in recent years concerning disease modeling and therapeutic exploration, along with potential challenges for translating laboratory research to clinical application. Finally, the importance of human iPSCs and organoids in combination with emerging technologies such as multi-omics integration analysis, 3D bioprinting, or microfluidic chip platform are highlighted. Patient-derived retinal organoids may be a preferred choice for more accurately uncovering the mechanisms of human retinal diseases and will contribute to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Liang
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xihao Sun
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chunwen Duan
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, 410015, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China.
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, 410015, China.
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, 410015, China.
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, 410015, China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Ramirez KA, Drew-Bear LE, Vega-Garces M, Betancourt-Belandria H, Arevalo JF. An update on visual prosthesis. Int J Retina Vitreous 2023; 9:73. [PMID: 37996905 PMCID: PMC10668475 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-023-00498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the available evidence on the different retinal and visual prostheses for patients with retinitis pigmentosa and new implants for other indications including dry age-related macular degeneration. METHODS The PubMed, GoogleScholar, ScienceDirect, and ClinicalTrials databases were the main resources used to conduct the medical literature search. An extensive search was performed to identify relevant articles concerning the worldwide advances in retinal prosthesis, clinical trials, status of devices and potential future directions up to December 2022. RESULTS Thirteen devices were found to be current and were ordered by stimulation location. Six have active clinical trials. Four have been discontinued, including the Alpha IMS, Alpha AMS, IRIS II, and ARGUS II which had FDA and CE mark approval. Future directions will be presented in the review. CONCLUSION This review provides an update of retinal prosthetic devices, both current and discontinued. While some devices have achieved visual perception in animals and/or humans, the main issues impeding the commercialization of these devices include: increased length of time to observe outcomes, difficulties in finding validated meaures for use in studies, unknown long-term effects, lack of funding, and a low amount of patients simultaneously diagnosed with RP lacking other comorbid conditions. The ARGUS II did get FDA and CE mark approval so it was deemed safe and also effective. However, the company became more focused on a visual cortical implant. Future efforts are headed towards more biocompatible, safe, and efficacious devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailyn A Ramirez
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Laura E Drew-Bear
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Maumenee 713, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | | | | | - J Fernando Arevalo
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Maumenee 713, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Niu Y, Xi Y, Jing Y, Zhou Z, Sun X, Zhang G, Yuan T, Chang T, Dou G. Endothelial Notch Signaling Regulates the Function of the Retinal Pigment Epithelial Barrier via EC Angiocrine Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1979. [PMID: 38001832 PMCID: PMC10669439 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The outer blood-retina barrier (oBRB), comprises tightly connected retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, Bruch's membrane, and choroid blood vessels, and is essential for retinal health and normal visual function. Disruption of the RPE barrier and its dysfunction can lead to retinal disorders such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In the present study, we investigated the essential role of choroid endothelial cells (ECs) in the RPE barrier formation process and its dysfunction. We discovered that ECs promoted RPE barrier formation through angiocrine signaling. Through blocking or activating endothelial Notch signaling and conducting experiments in vitro and in vivo, we confirmed that endothelial Notch signaling regulated the expression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HBEGF) and consequently impacted the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 in RPE cells. This modulation influenced the RPE extracellular matrix deposition, tight junctions and RPE barrier function. In in vivo experiments, the intravitreal administration of recombinant HBEGF (r-HBEGF) alleviated the RPE barrier disruption induced by subretinal injection (SI) or laser treatment and also rescued RPE barrier disruption in endothelial Notch-deficient mice. Our results showed that the endothelial Notch signaling drove HBEGF expression through angiocrine signaling and effectively improved RPE barrier function by regulating the MMP-9 expression in RPE cells. It suggests that the modulation of Notch signaling in the choroidal endothelium may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (G.Z.); (T.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;
| | - Yixuan Xi
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;
| | - Yutong Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (G.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (G.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Xiaojia Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (G.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Guoheng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (G.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tianhao Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (G.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tianfang Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (G.Z.); (T.Y.)
| | - Guorui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.N.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (G.Z.); (T.Y.)
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Shahin S, Tan P, Chetsawang J, Lu B, Svendsen S, Ramirez S, Conniff T, Alfaro JS, Fernandez M, Fulton A, Laperle AH, Svendsen CN, Wang S. Human Neural Progenitors Expressing GDNF Enhance Retinal Protection in a Rodent Model of Retinal Degeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:727-744. [PMID: 37786347 PMCID: PMC10630082 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy for retinal degenerative diseases has been extensively tested in preclinical and clinical studies. However, preclinical studies performed in animal models at the early stage of disease do not optimally translate to patients that present to the clinic at a later stage of disease. As the retina degenerates, inflammation and oxidative stress increase and trophic factor support declines. Testing stem cell therapies in animal models at a clinically relevant stage is critical for translation to the clinic. Human neural progenitor cells (hNPC) and hNPC engineered to stably express GDNF (hNPCGDNF) were subretinally injected into the Royal College of Surgeon (RCS) rats, a well-established model for retinal degeneration, at early and later stages of the disease. hNPCGDNF treatment at the early stage of retinal degeneration provided enhanced visual function compared to hNPC alone. Treatment with both cell types resulted in preserved retinal morphology compared to controls. hNPCGDNF treatment led to significantly broader photoreceptor protection than hNPC treatment at both early and later times of intervention. The phagocytic role of hNPC appears to support RPE cell functions and the secreted GDNF offers neuroprotection and enables the extended survival of photoreceptor cells in transplanted animal eyes. Donor cells in the RCS rat retina survived with only limited proliferation, and hNPCGDNF produced GDNF in vivo. Cell treatment led to significant changes in various pathways related to cell survival, antioxidative stress, phagocytosis, and autophagy. A combined stem cell and trophic factor therapy holds great promise for treating retinal degenerative diseases including retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Shahin
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Tan
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Chetsawang
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bin Lu
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Soshana Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephany Ramirez
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Trevor Conniff
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jorge S Alfaro
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Fernandez
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Fulton
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander H Laperle
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shaomei Wang
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wang HQ, Cong PK, He T, Yu XF, Huo YN. A novel pathogenic splicing mutation of RPGR in a Chinese family with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa verified by minigene splicing assay. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1595-1600. [PMID: 37854381 PMCID: PMC10559041 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.10.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To report a novel splicing mutation in the RPGR gene (encoding retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator) in a three-generation Chinese family with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). METHODS Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations including best corrected visual acuity, fundus photography, vision field, and pattern-visual evoked potential were performed to identify the disease phenotype of a six-year-old boy from the family (proband). Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of five available members of the pedigree. Whole-exome sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, and pSPL3-based exon trapping were used to investigate the aberrant splicing of RPGR. Human Splice Finder v3.1 and NNSPLICE v0.9 were used for in silico prediction of splice site variants. RESULTS The proband was diagnosed as having retinitis pigmentosa (RP). He had severe symptoms with early onset. A novel splicing mutation, c.619+1G>C in RPGR was identified in the proband by WES and in four family members by Sanger sequencing. Minigene splicing assays verified that c.619+1G>C in RPGR would result in the formation of a damaging alternative transcript in which the last 91 bp of exon 6 were skipped, leading to the subsequent deletion of 623 correct amino acids (c.529_619del p.Val177Glnfs*16). CONCLUSION We identify a novel splice donor site mutation causing aberrant splicing of RPGR. Our findings add to the catalog of pathological mutations of RPGR and further emphasize the functional importance of RPGR in RP pathogenesis and its complex clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou 324022, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pei-Kuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310005, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou 324022, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ya-Nan Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang Province, China
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Becherucci V, Bacci GM, Marziali E, Sodi A, Bambi F, Caputo R. The New Era of Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Narrative Review of Pathomolecular Mechanisms for the Development of Cell-Based Therapies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2656. [PMID: 37893030 PMCID: PMC10604477 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa, defined more properly as cone-rod dystrophy, is a paradigm of inherited diffuse retinal dystrophies, one of the rare diseases with the highest prevalence in the worldwide population and one of the main causes of low vision in the pediatric and elderly age groups. Advancements in and the understanding of molecular biology and gene-editing technologies have raised interest in laying the foundation for new therapeutic strategies for rare diseases. As a consequence, new possibilities for clinicians and patients are arising due to the feasibility of treating such a devastating disorder, reducing its complications. The scope of this review focuses on the pathomolecular mechanisms underlying RP better to understand the prospects of its treatment using innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Becherucci
- Cell Factory Meyer, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Giacomo Maria Bacci
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Elisa Marziali
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Franco Bambi
- Cell Factory Meyer, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Roberto Caputo
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
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Yang TH, Kang EYC, Lin PH, Wu PL, Sachs JA, Wang NK. The Value of Electroretinography in Identifying Candidate Genes for Inherited Retinal Dystrophies: A Diagnostic Guide. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3041. [PMID: 37835784 PMCID: PMC10572658 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a group of heterogeneous diseases caused by genetic mutations that specifically affect the function of the rod, cone, or bipolar cells in the retina. Electroretinography (ERG) is a diagnostic tool that measures the electrical activity of the retina in response to light stimuli, and it can help to determine the function of these cells. A normal ERG response consists of two waves, the a-wave and the b-wave, which reflect the activity of the photoreceptor cells and the bipolar and Muller cells, respectively. Despite the growing availability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, identifying the precise genetic mutation causing an IRD can be challenging and costly. However, certain types of IRDs present with unique ERG features that can help guide genetic testing. By combining these ERG findings with other clinical information, such as on family history and retinal imaging, physicians can effectively narrow down the list of candidate genes to be sequenced, thereby reducing the cost of genetic testing. This review article focuses on certain types of IRDs with unique ERG features. We will discuss the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of, and ERG findings on, these disorders, emphasizing the unique role ERG plays in their diagnosis and genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Lin
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin 640203, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (P.-L.W.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Pei-Liang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (P.-L.W.); (J.A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jacob Aaron Sachs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (P.-L.W.); (J.A.S.)
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (P.-L.W.); (J.A.S.)
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Rosa JGS, Disner GR, Pinto FJ, Lima C, Lopes-Ferreira M. Revisiting Retinal Degeneration Hallmarks: Insights from Molecular Markers and Therapy Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13079. [PMID: 37685886 PMCID: PMC10488251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual impairment and blindness are a growing public health problem as they reduce the life quality of millions of people. The management and treatment of these diseases represent scientific and therapeutic challenges because different cellular and molecular actors involved in the pathophysiology are still being identified. Visual system components, particularly retinal cells, are extremely sensitive to genetic or metabolic alterations, and immune responses activated by local insults contribute to biological events, culminating in vision loss and irreversible blindness. Several ocular diseases are linked to retinal cell loss, and some of them, such as retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, are characterized by pathophysiological hallmarks that represent possibilities to study and develop novel treatments for retinal cell degeneration. Here, we present a compilation of revisited information on retinal degeneration, including pathophysiological and molecular features and biochemical hallmarks, and possible research directions for novel treatments to assist as a guide for innovative research. The knowledge expansion upon the mechanistic bases of the pathobiology of eye diseases, including information on complex interactions of genetic predisposition, chronic inflammation, and environmental and aging-related factors, will prompt the identification of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503900, Brazil; (J.G.S.R.); (G.R.D.); (F.J.P.); (C.L.)
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Li B, Tan W, Wang Z, Zhou H, Zou J, Li Y, Yoshida S, Zhou Y. Progress and prospects of gene therapy in ophthalmology from 2000 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18228. [PMID: 37539253 PMCID: PMC10395483 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene therapy is a treatment approach at the genetic level, which brings great advances in many diseases and develops rapidly in recent years. Currently, its mechanism of action is mainly through the replacement of missing or defective genes, or the reduction of harmful gene products. However, the application of gene therapy in ophthalmology remains limited. Methods A total of 1143 articles and reviews published in the field of ocular gene therapies were found in the Web of Science Core Collection database and used for the bibliometric analysis. CiteSpace was mainly applied to the network analysis of countries, institutions, keywords, and dual-map overlay of journals. The visual analysis of authors, journals, and references was used by VOSviewer. The geographical distribution of publications was conducted by R language. Results The annual publications are increasing in general. Currently, the USA and the UK are two main sources of publications in this field. Switzerland, Denmark, and Finland are the top 3 countries that establish the most cooperation and exchanges with other countries or regions. The most cited and co-cited journal in this field is Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. Gene therapy studies for eye diseases are mainly focused on retinal dysfunctions by the analysis of references, keywords, and counting of original research, including Leber's congenital amaurosis and retinitis pigmentosa. Conclusion This study used bibliometrics to analyze overall characteristics and put forward prospects for the future in the field of gene therapy in ophthalmology. Ocular diseases, especially hereditary retinal diseases, will be the major focus of gene therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zicong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Haixiang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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Qi Y, Liu L, Liang D, Tang S, Yu X, Ye H, Chen N. Bujing Yishi tablets alleviate photoreceptor cells death via the P2X7R/CX3CL1/CX3CR1 pathway in Retinitis Pigmentosa rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154828. [PMID: 37116386 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) refers to a group of progressive photoreceptor degenerative diseases. The activation of microglia has been reported to play an important role in the photoreceptor degeneration in RP retinal. Bujing Yishi tablets (BJYS), a Chinese herbal medicine, has been used to treat retinal diseases in China with desirable effect in improving visual function. However, the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of BJYS treatment in RP are not yet fully understood. PURPOSE Based on the preliminary experiments, this study aimed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism involved in treating N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (MNU)-induced retinal degeneration of RP with BJYS. METHODS To explore the efficacy of BJYS, a rat experimental RP model was established through intraperitoneal injection of MNU (50 mg/kg). Two experiment was carried out. After the treatment, we conducted H&E, TUNEL, retinal cytokine levels and IBA-1 expression in microglia to confirm the impact on RP model. The specific mechanism of action of BJYS tablet was assessed by western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunofluorescence to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels involved in clarifying the effectiveness of BJYS exerted through P2X7R/CX3CL1/CX3CR1 pathway. RESULTS Significant alleviation of retinal morphological structure and photoreceptor degeneration by BJYS treatment was observed in the retinal of MNU-induced RP rats, BJYS prevented the reduction of ONL thickness and decreased the level of apoptotic cells in ONL. It also inhibited microglia overactivation and reduced retinal levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α. In addition, BJYS decreased the protein expression and mRNA expression of P2X7, CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 and reduced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. CONCLUSION In summary, this study suggested that BJYS treatment could alleviate photoreceptors degeneration of RP by inhibiting microglia overactivation and inflammation through the P2X7R/CX3CL1/CX3CR1 pathway. These effects suggest that BJYS tablets may serve as a promising oral therapeutic agent for RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Postdoctoral Research Station of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Liang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hejiang Ye
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China..
| | - Nianzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Wang NK, Liu PK, Kong Y, Tseng YJ, Jenny LA, Nolan ND, Chen N, Wang HH, Hsu CW, Huang WC, Sparrow JR, Lin CS, Tsang SH. Spatiotemporal control of genome engineering in cone photoreceptors. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:119. [PMID: 37381060 PMCID: PMC10304375 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cones are essential for color recognition, high resolution, and central vision; therefore cone death causes blindness. Understanding the pathophysiology of each cell type in the retina is key to developing therapies for retinal diseases. However, studying the biology of cone cells in the rod-dominant mammalian retina is particularly challenging. In this study, we used a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) recombineering method to knock in the "CreERT2" sequence into the Gnat2 and Arr3 genes, respectively and generated three novel inducible CreERT2 mice with different cone cell specificities. RESULTS These models (Gnat2CreERT2, Arr3T2ACreERT2, and Arr3P2ACreERT2) express temporally controllable Cre recombinase that achieves conditional alleles in cone photoreceptors. Cre-LoxP recombination can be induced as early as postnatal day (PD) two upon tamoxifen injection at varying efficiencies, ranging from 10 to 15% in Gnat2CreERT2, 40% in Arr3T2ACreERT2, and 100% in Arr3P2ACreERT2. Notably, knocking in the P2A-CreERT2 cassette does not affect cone cell morphology and functionality. Most cone-phototransduction enzymes, including Opsins, CNGA3, etc. are not altered except for a reduction in the Arr3 transcript. CONCLUSIONS The Arr3P2ACreERT2 mouse, an inducible cone-specific Cre driver, is a valuable line in studying cone cell biology, function, as well as its relationship with rod and other retinal cells. Moreover, the Cre activity can be induced by delivering tamoxifen intragastrically as early as PD2, which will be useful for studying retinal development or in rapid degenerative mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Kai Wang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA.
| | - Pei-Kang Liu
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yang Kong
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yun-Ju Tseng
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Laura A Jenny
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nicholas D Nolan
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Nelson Chen
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Hung-Hsi Wang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Chun Wei Hsu
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Wan-Chun Huang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Janet R Sparrow
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA.
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Zufiaurre-Seijo M, García-Arumí J, Duarri A. Clinical and Molecular Aspects of C2orf71/PCARE in Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10670. [PMID: 37445847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the photoreceptor-specific C2orf71 gene (also known as photoreceptor cilium actin regulator protein PCARE) cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa type 54 and cone-rod dystrophy. No treatments are available for patients with C2orf71 retinal ciliopathies exhibiting a severe clinical phenotype. Our understanding of the disease process and the role of PCARE in the healthy retina significantly limits our capacity to transfer recent technical developments into viable therapy choices. This study summarizes the current understanding of C2orf71-related retinal diseases, including their clinical manifestations and an unclear genotype-phenotype correlation. It discusses molecular and functional studies on the photoreceptor-specific ciliary PCARE, focusing on the photoreceptor cell and its ciliary axoneme. It is proposed that PCARE is an actin-associated protein that interacts with WASF3 to regulate the actin-driven expansion of the ciliary membrane during the development of a new outer segment disk in photoreceptor cells. This review also introduces various cellular and animal models used to model these diseases and provides an overview of potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalen Zufiaurre-Seijo
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José García-Arumí
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Duarri
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Wu KY, Mina M, Sahyoun JY, Kalevar A, Tran SD. Retinal Prostheses: Engineering and Clinical Perspectives for Vision Restoration. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5782. [PMID: 37447632 PMCID: PMC10347280 DOI: 10.3390/s23135782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A retinal prosthesis, also known as a bionic eye, is a device that can be implanted to partially restore vision in patients with retinal diseases that have resulted in the loss of photoreceptors (e.g., age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa). Recently, there have been major breakthroughs in retinal prosthesis technology, with the creation of numerous types of implants, including epiretinal, subretinal, and suprachoroidal sensors. These devices can stimulate the remaining cells in the retina with electric signals to create a visual sensation. A literature review of the pre-clinical and clinical studies published between 2017 and 2023 is conducted. This narrative review delves into the retinal anatomy, physiology, pathology, and principles underlying electronic retinal prostheses. Engineering aspects are explored, including electrode-retina alignment, electrode size and material, charge density, resolution limits, spatial selectivity, and bidirectional closed-loop systems. This article also discusses clinical aspects, focusing on safety, adverse events, visual function, outcomes, and the importance of rehabilitation programs. Moreover, there is ongoing debate over whether implantable retinal devices still offer a promising approach for the treatment of retinal diseases, considering the recent emergence of cell-based and gene-based therapies as well as optogenetics. This review compares retinal prostheses with these alternative therapies, providing a balanced perspective on their advantages and limitations. The recent advancements in retinal prosthesis technology are also outlined, emphasizing progress in engineering and the outlook of retinal prostheses. While acknowledging the challenges and complexities of the technology, this article highlights the significant potential of retinal prostheses for vision restoration in individuals with retinal diseases and calls for continued research and development to refine and enhance their performance, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Mina Mina
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Sahyoun
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ananda Kalevar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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Fikret CZ, Ucgun NI, Karaca EE, Kemer OE. Corneal characteristics in patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103554. [PMID: 37030435 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate corneal topography and specular microscopic findings in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. METHODS One hundred and two eyes of 51 patients with retinitis pigmentosa and 60 eyes of 30 healty subjects were included in our study. A detailed ophthalmological examination involving best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was performed. A rotating Scheimpflug imaging system, was used to evaluate all eyes for topographic and aberrometrics parameters. Specular microscopy measurements were also noted. RESULTS The retinitis pigmentosa group consisted of 51 patients (29 male and 22 female, mean age of 35.61±13.55 (18-65) years and the control group also consisted of 30 healty subjects (29 male and 22 female, mean age of 33.67±9.92 (20-58) years. There was no difference between the groups in terms of age (p=0.624) and gender (p=0.375). Spherical equivalents were higher in the RP group (p<0.001). Central keratoconus index (CKI) (p<0.001), Belin Ambrosio enhanced ectasia display total deviation value (BAD-D) (p=0.003), index of surface variance (ISV) (p<0.001), index of vertical asymmetry (IVA) (p<0.001), Ambrosio related thickness (ART max) (p=0.018), index of height asymmetry (IHA) (p=0.009), index of height decentration (IHD) (p<0.001), maximum anterior elevation (p<0.001), front elevation in thin location (p=0.05), progression index average (p=0.015), root mean square (RMS) total (p=0.010) and RMS-higher order aberration (RMS-HOA) (p<0.001) values were higher in RP group. There was a weak negative correlation between BCVA and ART max measurements (r=-0.256, p=0.009) in RP group. We detected keratoconus-suspect in 6 eyes and clinically manifest keratoconus in one eye in the RP group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with retinitis pigmentosa may have corneal morphological disorders that may affect vision. In our study, corneal topographic pathologies including keratoconus and possible keratoconus were detected in RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Zeki Fikret
- Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Department of Ophthalmology.
| | - Nil Irem Ucgun
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Department of Ophthalmology.
| | | | - Ozlem Evren Kemer
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, Department of Ophthalmology.
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Wu KY, Kulbay M, Toameh D, Xu AQ, Kalevar A, Tran SD. Retinitis Pigmentosa: Novel Therapeutic Targets and Drug Development. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:685. [PMID: 36840007 PMCID: PMC9963330 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal photoreceptors leading to progressive visual decline. It is the most common type of inherited retinal dystrophy and has a high burden on both patients and society. This condition causes gradual loss of vision, with its typical manifestations including nyctalopia, concentric visual field loss, and ultimately bilateral central vision loss. It is one of the leading causes of visual disability and blindness in people under 60 years old and affects over 1.5 million people worldwide. There is currently no curative treatment for people with RP, and only a small group of patients with confirmed RPE65 mutations are eligible to receive the only gene therapy on the market: voretigene neparvovec. The current therapeutic armamentarium is limited to retinoids, vitamin A supplements, protection from sunlight, visual aids, and medical and surgical interventions to treat ophthalmic comorbidities, which only aim to slow down the progression of the disease. Considering such a limited therapeutic landscape, there is an urgent need for developing new and individualized therapeutic modalities targeting retinal degeneration. Although the heterogeneity of gene mutations involved in RP makes its target treatment development difficult, recent fundamental studies showed promising progress in elucidation of the photoreceptor degeneration mechanism. The discovery of novel molecule therapeutics that can selectively target specific receptors or specific pathways will serve as a solid foundation for advanced drug development. This article is a review of recent progress in novel treatment of RP focusing on preclinical stage fundamental research on molecular targets, which will serve as a starting point for advanced drug development. We will review the alterations in the molecular pathways involved in the development of RP, mainly those regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptotic pathways, maintenance of the redox balance, and genomic stability. We will then discuss the therapeutic approaches under development, such as gene and cell therapy, as well as the recent literature identifying novel potential drug targets for RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Merve Kulbay
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Dana Toameh
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - An Qi Xu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ananda Kalevar
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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