1
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Kim YS, Kim KA, Seo HY, Kim SH, Lee HM. Antioxidant and anti-hepatitis A virus activities of Ecklonia cava Kjellman extracts. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25600. [PMID: 38333821 PMCID: PMC10850589 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ecklonia cava is a nutrient-rich algae species that contains abundant physiological phytochemicals, including peptides, carotenoids, fucoidans, and phlorotannins. However, elucidation of the antiviral effects of this algae and identification of new functional ingredients warrant further investigation. This study was aimed at investigating the potential anti-hepatitis A virus activities of extracts of E. cava prepared in different solvents. E. cava extracts were prepared using hot water and 70 % ethanol. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were confirmed by analyzing the total phenolic content, as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activities. The inhibitory effects of the extracts against hepatitis A virus were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The E. cava extract yield was 22.5-27.2 % depending on the extraction solvent. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was 70.44 % and 91.05 % for hot water and ethanol extracts at a concentration of 1000 ppm. The 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activity of the ethanol extract was the highest (93.57 %) at 1000 μg/mL. Fourier-transform infrared was used to identify the functional groups (phlorotannin and alginate) in the extraction solvents. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed a potential bioactive compound previously unidentified in E. cava. Finally, we identified the antiviral activity of E. cava extracts against hepatitis A virus replication. These findings demonstrate that E. cava could be used as an anti-hepatitis A virus functional food and biological material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Sol Kim
- Kimchi Industry Promotion Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, South Korea
- Pulmuone Institute of Technology, Cheongju, 28164, South Korea
| | - Ki An Kim
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeollanam-do, 59108, South Korea
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Hye-Young Seo
- Kimchi Industry Promotion Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, South Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Kimchi Industry Promotion Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, South Korea
| | - Hee Min Lee
- Kimchi Industry Promotion Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, South Korea
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2
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Omidkhoda N, Mahdiani S, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Natural compounds against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A review on the involvement of the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5769-5786. [PMID: 37748097 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Although various therapeutic approaches are used to manage nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the best approach to NAFLD management is unclear. NAFLD is a liver disorder associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. NAFLD progression can lead to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Hepatic kinase B1 (LKB1) is an upstream kinase of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial regulator in hepatic lipid metabolism. Activation of LKB1/AMPK inhibits fatty acid synthesis, increases mitochondrial β-oxidation, decreases the expression of genes encoding lipogenic enzymes, improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and suppresses NAFLD progression. One potential opening for new and safe chemicals that can tackle the NAFLD pathogenesis through the LKB1-AMPK pathway includes natural bioactive compounds. Accordingly, we summarized in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the effect of natural bioactive compounds such as a few members of the polyphenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, and some natural extracts on NAFLD through the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway. This manuscript may shed light on the way to finding a new therapeutic agent for NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Omidkhoda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Mahdiani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Liu Y, Huang K, Zhang Y, Cao H, Guan X. Dietary polyphenols maintain homeostasis via regulating bile acid metabolism: a review of possible mechanisms. Food Funct 2023; 14:9486-9505. [PMID: 37815149 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02471g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and metabolism of bile acids (BAs) have been implicated in various metabolic diseases, including obesity and diabetes. Dietary polyphenols, as natural antioxidants, play a vital role in synthesizing and metabolizing bile acids. This paper reviews the mechanism of dietary polyphenols involved in bile acid (BA) synthesis and metabolism. The impact of different gut microorganisms on BA profiles is discussed in detail. The regulation of BA metabolism by dietary polyphenols can be divided into two modes: (1) dietary polyphenols directly activate/inhibit farnesol X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5); (2) dietary polyphenols regulate BA synthesis and metabolism through changes in intestinal microorganisms. Research on direct activation/inhibition of FXR and TGR5 by polyphenols should be ramped up. In addition, the effect of dietary polyphenols on intestinal microorganisms has been paid more and more attention and has become a target that cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
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4
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Yan J, Bak J, Go Y, Park J, Park M, Lee HJ, Kim H. Scytosiphon lomentaria Extract Ameliorates Obesity and Modulates Gut Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:815. [PMID: 36839173 PMCID: PMC9965426 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Scytosiphon lomentaria (SL) is a brown seaweed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effects on obesity are unknown. In this research, we investigated the anti-obesity properties and underlying mechanisms of the SL extract in vitro and in vivo. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, SL extract inhibited lipid accumulation, decreased the expression of Acc1, C/ebpa, Pparg mRNA and p-ACC1, and increased the expression of Ucp1 mRNA, UCP1 and p-AMPK. In animal experiments, mice were fed a chow diet, a high-fat diet (HF; 60% of calories as fat), and high-fat diet with SL extract (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight) for eight weeks (n = 10/group). SL extract reduced HF-induced weight gain, epididymal fat weight, fat cell size, LDL-C, leptin, fasting glucose, and glucose tolerance. In addition, SL extract had comparable effects on mRNA expression in WAT and liver to those observed in vitro, thereby inhibiting p-ACC1/ACC1 and increasing p-AMPK/AMPK and UCP1 expression. Furthermore, SL extract decreased HF-induced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and reversed HF-reduced Bacteroides spp., Bacteroides vulgatus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. These findings suggest that SL extract can aid in weight loss in mice fed a high-fat diet by altering adipogenic and thermogenic pathways, as well as gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Bak
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yula Go
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jumin Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyoung Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition & Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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5
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Wu Y, Jin X, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wu M, Tong H. Bioactive Compounds from Brown Algae Alleviate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Extensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1771-1787. [PMID: 36689477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases. The increasing NAFLD incidences are associated with unhealthy lifestyles. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic options for NAFLD. Thus, there is a need to develop safe, efficient, and economic treatment options for NAFLD. Brown algae, which are edible, contain abundant bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides and phlorotannins. They have been shown to ameliorate insulin resistance, as well as hepatic steatosis, and all of these biological functions can potentially alleviate NAFLD. Accumulating reports have shown that increasing dietary consumption of brown algae reduces the risk for NAFLD development. In this review, we summarized the animal experiments and clinical proof of brown algae and their bioactive compounds for NAFLD treatment within the past decade. Our findings show possible avenues for further research into the pathophysiology of NAFLD and brown algae therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaosheng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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6
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Byun KA, Oh S, Son M, Park CH, Son KH, Byun K. Dieckol Decreases Caloric Intake and Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatic Lymphatic Vessel Dysfunction in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:495. [PMID: 34564157 PMCID: PMC8469311 DOI: 10.3390/md19090495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased inflammation is the main pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inflammation affects lymphatic vessel function that contributes to the removal of immune cells or macromolecules. Dysfunctional lymphatic vessels with decreased permeability are present in NAFLD. High-fat diet (HFD) is known to increase body weight, food intake, and inflammation in the liver. Previously, it was reported that Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE) decreased food intake or weight gain, and low-calorie diet and weight loss is known as a treatment for NAFLD. In this study, the effects of ECE and dieckol (DK)-which is one component of ECE that decreases inflammation and increases lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic drainage by controlling lymphatic permeability in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice-on weight gain and food intake were investigated. ECE and DK decreased weight gain and food intake in the HFD-fed mice. NAFLD activities such as steatosis, lobular inflammation, and ballooning were increased by HFD and attenuated by ECE and DK. The expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α and infiltration of M1 macrophages were increased by HFD, and they were decreased by ECE or DK. The signaling pathways of lymphangiogenesis, VEGFR-3, PI3K/pAKT, and pERK were decreased by HFD, and they were restored by either ECE or DK. The expression of VE-cadherin (which represents lymphatic junctional function) was increased by HFD, although it was restored by either ECE or DK. In conclusion, ECE and DK attenuated NAFLD by decreasing weight gain and food intake, decreasing inflammation, and increasing lymphangiogenesis, as well as modulating lymphatic vessel permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
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7
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Oh S, Yang J, Park C, Son K, Byun K. Dieckol Attenuated Glucocorticoid-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Decreasing NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8057. [PMID: 34360821 PMCID: PMC8348567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dexa), frequently used as an anti-inflammatory agent, paradoxically leads to muscle inflammation and muscle atrophy. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) lead to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) upregulation. NLRP3 inflammasome results in pyroptosis and is associated with the Murf-1 and atrogin-1 upregulation involved in protein degradation and muscle atrophy. The effects of Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) and dieckol (DK) on attenuating Dexa-induced muscle atrophy were evaluated by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome formation in the muscles of Dexa-treated animals. The binding of AGE or high mobility group protein 1 to RAGE or TLR4 was increased by Dexa but significantly decreased by ECE or DK. The downstream signaling pathways of RAGE (c-Jun N-terminal kinase or p38) were increased by Dexa but decreased by ECE or DK. NF-κB, downstream of RAGE or TLR4, was increased by Dexa but decreased by ECE or DK. The NLRP3 inflammasome component (NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like), cleaved caspase -1, and cleaved gasdermin D, markers of pyroptosis, were increased by Dexa but decreased by ECE and DK. Interleukin-1β/Murf-1/atrogin-1 expression was increased by Dexa but restored by ECE or DK. The mean muscle fiber cross-sectional area and grip strength were decreased by Dexa but restored by ECE or DK. In conclusion, ECE or DK attenuated Dexa-induced muscle atrophy by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome formation and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinyoung Yang
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chulhyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kukhui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
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8
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Li H, Yu XH, Ou X, Ouyang XP, Tang CK. Hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101109. [PMID: 34097928 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a quickly emerging global health problem representing the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Cholesterol metabolism has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. The liver is the major organ for cholesterol metabolism. Abnormal hepatic cholesterol metabolism not only leads to NAFLD but also drives the development of atherosclerotic dyslipidemia. The cholesterol level in hepatocytes reflects the dynamic balance between endogenous synthesis, uptake, esterification, and export, a process in which cholesterol is converted to neutral cholesteryl esters either for storage in cytosolic lipid droplets or for secretion as a major constituent of plasma lipoproteins, including very-low-density lipoproteins, chylomicrons, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins. In this review, we describe decades of research aimed at identifying key molecules and cellular players involved in each main aspect of hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, we summarize the recent advances regarding the biological processes of hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in NAFLD and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 460106, China
| | - Xiang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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9
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Protective Effect of Cudrania tricuspidata Extract against High-Fat Diet Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092434. [PMID: 33922045 PMCID: PMC8122508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic disease affecting a wide range of the world’s population and associated with obesity-induced metabolic syndrome. It is possibly emerging as a leading cause of life-threatening liver diseases for which a drug with a specific therapeutic target has not been developed yet. Previously, there have been reports on the benefits of Cudrania tricuspidata (CT) for treating obesity and diabetes via regulation of metabolic processes, such as lipogenesis, lipolysis, and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effect of orally administered 0.25% and 0.5% (w/w) CT mixed with high-fat diet (HFD) to C57BL/6J mice for 7 weeks. It was found that body weight, fat mass, hepatic mass, serum glucose level, and liver cholesterol levels were significantly reduced after CT treatment. In CT-treated HFD-fed mice, the mRNA expression levels of hepatic lipogenic and inflammatory cytokine-related genes were markedly reduced, whereas the expression level of epididymal lipogenic genes was increased. The mRNA expression level of beta-oxidation and Nrf-2/HO-1 genes significantly increased in CT-treated obese mice livers. We propose that CT alleviates hepatic steatosis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Elidottir AS, Sveinsdottir K, Ingadottir B, Geirsdottir OG, Jonsson PV, Rothenberg E, Hardardottir I, Freysdottir J, Ramel A. Seaweed Extract Improves Carbohydrate Metabolism in Overweight and Obese Adults. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200706012619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Background: Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and associated
with type 2 diabetes. Seaweed is one of the largest producers of biomass in the marine environment
and is a rich arsenal of functional ingredients that may possess the potential to prevent type 2 diabetes.
Objective:
The aim was to investigate the effects of seaweed extract on glucose metabolism and
markers of inflammation in overweight and obese individuals.
Methods:
Participants (N=76, ≥40 years, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) who volunteered for this 10-
week randomized, controlled, doubly blinded intervention study, were randomized into an intervention
group (seaweed extract, 3 capsules=1200 mg/day) or a control group (placebo, 3 capsules/day).
The extract derived from the brown seaweed bladder wrack (Fucus vesiculosus). At baseline and
endpoint of the study, fasting samples were analysed for blood glucose, insulin, inflammation markers,
liver enzymes and creatinine (renal function).
Results:
Drop out was 11.8% and not significantly different between groups. Fasting blood glucose
and insulin were improved at the endpoint in the intervention group, but no changes were observed in
the control group (corrected endpoint differences between groups: glucose=0.61 mmol/L, P=0.038;
insulin=0.72 μU/L, P=0.038). Measures of inflammation, liver enzymes and renal function did not
change significantly during the study.
Conclusion:
Ingestion of seaweed extract over 10 weeks improves glucose metabolism without affecting
measures of inflammation, liver function or renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S. Elidottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Olof G. Geirsdottir
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Palmi V. Jonsson
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Elisabeth Rothenberg
- Department of Food and Meal Science, Kristianstad University, kristianstad, Sweden
| | | | - Jona Freysdottir
- Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alfons Ramel
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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11
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Cha SH, Hwang Y, Heo SJ, Jun HS. Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Hepatic Lipogenesis and Inflammation. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E475. [PMID: 32962167 PMCID: PMC7551772 DOI: 10.3390/md18090475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease, encompassing a range of conditions caused by lipid deposition within liver cells, and is also associated with obesity and metabolic diseases. Here, we investigated the protective effects of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), which is a polyphenol isolated from an edible seaweed, Ishige okamurae, on palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in the liver. DPHC treatment repressed palmitate-induced cytotoxicity, triglyceride content, and lipid accumulation. DPHC prevented palmitate-induced mRNA and protein expression of SREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein) 1, C/EBP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein) α, ChREBP (carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein), and FAS (fatty acid synthase). In addition, palmitate treatment reduced the expression levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin (SIRT)1 proteins, and DPHC treatment rescued this reduction. Moreover, DPHC protected palmitate-induced liver toxicity and lipogenesis, as well as inflammation, and enhanced AMPK and SIRT1 signaling in zebrafish. These results suggest that DPHC possesses protective effects against palmitate-induced toxicity in the liver by preventing lipogenesis and inflammation. DPHC could be used as a potential therapeutic or preventive agent for fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Marine Bio and Medical Sciences, Hanseo University, Chungcheongnam-do 31962, Korea
| | - Yongha Hwang
- Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Gachon Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea;
- Department of Biology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Gachon Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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12
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Gómez-Zorita S, González-Arceo M, Trepiana J, Eseberri I, Fernández-Quintela A, Milton-Laskibar I, Aguirre L, González M, Portillo MP. Anti-Obesity Effects of Macroalgae. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082378. [PMID: 32784488 PMCID: PMC7469045 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae have attracted great interest for their potential applications in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries as source of bioactive medicinal products and food ingredients. This review gathers data from in vitro and in vivo studies addressing the anti-obesity effects of macroalgae. Great consensus exists in all reported in vitro studies concerning the reduction induced by seaweed extracts in the expression of transcriptional factors controlling adipogenesis. In animals, macroalgae reduced body fat accumulation and prevented other obesity features, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and fatty liver. These effects are not due to food intake reduction, since few studies have reported such event. Indeed, the effects on metabolic pathways in target tissues/organs seem to play a more relevant role. Macroalgae can reduce de novo lipogenesis, limiting fatty acid availability for triglyceride synthesis in white adipose tissue. This effect has been observed in both cell cultures and adipose tissue from animals treated with macroalgae extracts. In addition, increased fatty acid oxidation and thermogenic capacity, as well as a shift towards healthier gut microbiota composition may contribute to the body fat-lowering effect of macroalgae. Studies in humans are needed to determine whether macroalgae can represent a feasible tool to prevent and/or manage overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Gómez-Zorita
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Maitane González-Arceo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Itziar Eseberri
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.M.-L.); (L.A.); Tel.: +34-945-013-863 (I.M.-L. & L.A.); Fax: +34-945-013-014 (I.M.-L. & L.A.)
| | - Leixuri Aguirre
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.M.-L.); (L.A.); Tel.: +34-945-013-863 (I.M.-L. & L.A.); Fax: +34-945-013-014 (I.M.-L. & L.A.)
| | - Marcela González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of Litoral and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina;
| | - María P. Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain; (S.G.-Z.); (M.G.-A.); (J.T.); (I.E.); (A.F.-Q.); (M.P.P.)
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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Li D, Liu F, Wang X, Li X. Apple Polyphenol Extract Alleviates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Male C57BL/6 Mice by Targeting LKB1/AMPK Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12208-12218. [PMID: 31608624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To explore the role of apple polyphenol extract (APE) in ameliorating hepatic steatosis and the potential mechanisms involved, we conducted this study. Thirty-three male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: high-fat diet (HFD) with aseptic water ig. (CON), HFD with 125 or 500 mg/(kg·bw·day) APE ig., namely 100 or 400 mg/(kg·bw·day) apple polyphenols (LAP or HAP) for 12 weeks. Compared with the CON group, the APE treatment significantly decreased the body weight gain and increased the ratio of serum albumin/globulin. High dose of APE treatment significantly decreased the liver weight, reduced the hepatic contents of triglyceride and cholesterol, and improved the histopathological features of hepatic steatosis, accompanied by significantly upregulated protein expressions of LKB1, phosphorylated-AMPK, phosphorylated-ACC, and SIRT1, downregulated mTOR, p70 s6k, and HMGCR in the liver, increased mRNA expressions of Ampk and Cyp27a1, and reduced expressions of Srebp-1c, Fas, and Hmgcr. Our data provided new evidence supporting the preventive role of 500 mg/(kg·bw·day) APE treatment in the HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6 mice via the LKB1/AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Li
- School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , 199 Renai Road , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , 199 Renai Road , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Xinjing Wang
- School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , 199 Renai Road , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Xinli Li
- School of Public Health , Medical College of Soochow University , 199 Renai Road , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , P. R. China
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Kim H, Worsley O, Yang E, Purbojati RW, Liang AL, Tan W, Moses DID, Hartono S, Fan V, Lim TKH, Schuster SC, Foo RS, Chow PKH, Pettersson S. Persistent changes in liver methylation and microbiome composition following reversal of diet-induced non-alcoholic-fatty liver disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4341-4354. [PMID: 31119300 PMCID: PMC11105172 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic liver disease that is thought to be reversible by changing the diet. To examine the impact of dietary changes on progression and cure of NAFLD, we fed mice a high-fat diet (HFD) or high-fructose diet (HFrD) for 9 weeks, followed by an additional 9 weeks, where mice were given normal chow diet. As predicted, the diet-induced NAFLD elicited changes in glucose tolerance, serum cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in both diet groups. Moreover, the diet-induced NAFLD phenotype was reversed, as measured by the recovery of glucose intolerance and high cholesterol levels when mice were given normal chow diet. However, surprisingly, the elevated serum triglyceride levels persisted. Metagenomic analysis revealed dietary-induced changes of microbiome composition, some of which remained altered even after reversing the diet to normal chow, as illustrated by species of the Odoribacter genus. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis revealed a "priming effect" through changes in DNA methylation in key liver genes. For example, the lipid-regulating gene Apoa4 remained hypomethylated in both groups even after introduction to normal chow diet. Our results support that dietary change, in part, reverses the NAFLD phenotype. However, some diet-induced effects remain, such as changes in microbiome composition, elevated serum triglyceride levels, and hypomethylation of key liver genes. While the results are correlative in nature, it is tempting to speculate that the dietary-induced changes in microbiome composition may in part contribute to the persistent epigenetic modifications in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Oliver Worsley
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Edwin Yang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Rikky Wenang Purbojati
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Science Engineering, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Ai Leng Liang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Wilson Tan
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Daniela I Drautz Moses
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Science Engineering, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Septian Hartono
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Fan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tony Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stephan C Schuster
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Science Engineering, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Roger Sy Foo
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Pierce Kah Hoe Chow
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplantation Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
| | - Sven Pettersson
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Science Engineering, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
- Department of Neurobiology, Care sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Bioclincium, J30:10, Akademiska stråket 1, 17164, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Oh S, Son M, Choi J, Choi CH, Park KY, Son KH, Byun K. Phlorotannins from Ecklonia cava Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Leptin Resistance in Hypothalamic Neurons. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E570. [PMID: 31600939 PMCID: PMC6835517 DOI: 10.3390/md17100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin resistance in the hypothalamus has an essential role in obesity. Saturated fatty acids such as palmitate bind to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and lead to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and leptin resistance. In this study, we evaluated whether extracts of Ecklonia cava would attenuate the ER stress induced by palmitate and reduce leptin resistance in hypothalamic neurons and microglia. We added palmitate to these cells to mimic the environment induced by high-fat diet in the hypothalamus and evaluated which of the E. cava phlorotannins-dieckol (DK), 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PHB), pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB), or phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFFA)-had the most potent effect on attenuating leptin resistance. TLR4 and NF-κB expression induced by palmitate was attenuated most effectively by PPB in both hypothalamic neurons and microglia. ER stress markers were increased by palmitate and were attenuated by PPB in both hypothalamic neurons and microglia. Leptin resistance, which was evaluated as an increase in SOCS3 and a decrease in STAT3 with leptin receptor expression, was increased by palmitate and was decreased by PPB in hypothalamic neurons. The culture medium from palmitate-treated microglia increased leptin resistance in hypothalamic neurons and this resistance was attenuated by PPB. In conclusion, PPB attenuated leptin resistance by decreasing ER stress in both hypothalamic neurons and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Junwon Choi
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
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16
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Kim K, Bae GD, Lee M, Park EY, Baek DJ, Kim CY, Jun HS, Oh YS. Allomyrina dichotoma Larva Extract Ameliorates the Hepatic Insulin Resistance of High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071522. [PMID: 31277481 PMCID: PMC6683090 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Allomyrina dichotoma larva is a nutritional-worthy future food resource and it contributes to multiple pharmacological functions. However, its antidiabetic effect and molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the hypolipidemic effect of A. dichotoma larva extract (ADLE) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6J mice model. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in HFD-induced diabetic mice significantly improved after ADLE administration for six weeks. The levels of serum triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT) activity, and lipid accumulation were increased in the liver of HFD-fed mice, but the levels were significantly reduced by the ADLE treatment. Moreover, hepatic fibrosis and inflammatory gene expression in the liver from HFD-treated mice were ameliorated by the ADLE treatment. Dephosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by palmitate was inhibited in the ADLE treated HepG2 cells, and subsequently reduced expression of lipogenic genes, such as SREPBP-1c, ACC, and FAS were observed. The reduced expression of lipogenic genes and an increased phosphorylation of AMPK was also observed in the liver from diabetic mice treated with ADLE. In conclusion, ADLE ameliorates hyperlipidemia through inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis via activating the AMPK signaling pathway. These findings suggest that ADLE and its constituent bioactive compounds are valuable to prevent or treat hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea
| | - Gong Deuk Bae
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of molecular medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- Department of Food Technology and Services, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Park
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Dong Jae Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15888, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of molecular medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Yoon Sin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea.
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17
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Liu Y, Zhang D, Liu GM, Chen Q, Lu Z. Ameliorative effect of dieckol-enriched extraction from Laminaria japonica on hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet via β-oxidation pathway in ICR mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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18
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Wang W, Yang X, Ye Z, Li Y, Liu Y, Cao P. Extraction Technology Can Impose Influences on Peanut Oil Functional Quality: A Study to Investigate the Lipid Metabolism by Sprague-Dawley Rat Model. J Food Sci 2019; 84:911-919. [PMID: 30835849 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, peanut oil was prepared by cold pressing (temperature under 60 °C), hot pressing (temperature above 105 °C), and enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction technology. Influences of an extraction technology on the oil fatty acid composition and the content of minor bioactive compounds, including tocopherols, polyphenols, and squalene, were investigated in detail. High-fat-diet Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model was then established to probe the impact of cold-pressed peanut oil (CPO), hot-pressed peanut oil (HPO), and enzyme-assisted aqueous-extracted peanut oil (EAO) on lipid metabolism outcomes, to explore influences of different extraction technologies on lipid functional quality. Results showed that oleic acid was the predominate fatty acid in the EAO (52.57 ± 0.11%), which was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) than CPO and HPO. The HPO showed higher total tocopherol and polyphenol contents (206.84 ± 6.93 mg/kg and 47.87 ± 6.50 mg GA/kg, respectively) than CPO and EAO (P < 0.05). However, the squalene content in CPO was 475.47 ± 12.75 mg/kg, which was the highest among the three oils (P < 0.05). The animal experiment results revealed that EAO could be more prone to induce lipid accumulation in the liver, which may likely to cause nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the serum lipid profiles indicated that the CPO was more beneficial than the EAO and HPO in lowering the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase contents, and increasing the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol content. All of our efforts indicated that an extraction technology can affect the peanut oil lipid fatty acid composition, the bioactive compounds content, and, correspondingly, the lipid metabolism in SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuliang Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Ye
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Youdong Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Natl. Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Natl. Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peirang Cao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Natl. Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Natl. Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan Univ., 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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19
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Inhibitory Effects of Sodium Alginate on Hepatic Steatosis in Mice Induced by a Methionine- and Choline-deficient Diet. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020104. [PMID: 30744124 PMCID: PMC6409683 DOI: 10.3390/md17020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progresses from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, efficacious drugs for NASH treatment are lacking. Sodium alginate (SA), a soluble dietary fiber extracted from brown algae, could protect the small intestine from enterobacterial invasion. NASH pathogenesis has been suggested to be associated with enterobacterial invasion, so we examined the effect of SA on methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice (the most widely-used model of NASH). The mice (n = 31) were divided into three groups (mice fed with regular chow, MCD diet, and MCD diet premixed with 5% SA) for 4 and 8 weeks. The MCD diet increased lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver, the NAFLD Activity Score and hepatic mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and collagen 1α1, and induced macrophage infiltration. Villus shortening, disruption of zonula occludens-1 localization and depletion of mucus production were observed in the small intestine of the MCD-group mice. SA administration improved lipid accumulation and inflammation in the liver, and impaired barrier function in the small intestine. Collectively, these results suggest that SA is useful for NASH treatment because it can prevent hepatic inflammation and fatty degeneration by maintaining intestinal barrier function.
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20
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Wang T, Xue C, Zhang T, Wang Y. The improvements of functional ingredients from marine foods in lipid metabolism. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Gómez-Guzmán M, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Algieri F, Gálvez J. Potential Role of Seaweed Polyphenols in Cardiovascular-Associated Disorders. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E250. [PMID: 30060542 PMCID: PMC6117645 DOI: 10.3390/md16080250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of various polyphenols with plant origins on different cardiovascular-associated disorders, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 and metabolic syndrome are well known. Recently, marine crude-drugs are emerging as potential treatments in many noncommunicable conditions, including those involving the cardiovascular system. Among the active compounds responsible for these activities, seaweed polyphenols seem to play a key role. The aim of the present review is to summarise the current knowledge about the beneficial effects reported for edible seaweed polyphenols in the amelioration of these prevalent conditions, focusing on both preclinical and clinical studies. This review will help to establish the basis for future studies in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gómez-Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain.
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francesca Algieri
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain.
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), 18071 Granada, Spain.
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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22
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Kim IH, Choi JW, Lee MK, Kwon CJ, Nam TJ. Anti-obesity effects of pectinase and cellulase enzyme‑treated Ecklonia cava extract in high‑fat diet‑fed C57BL/6N mice. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:924-934. [PMID: 29207025 PMCID: PMC5752156 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti‑obesity effects of enzyme‑treated Ecklonia cava extract (EEc) in C57BL/6N mice with high‑fat diet (HFD)‑induced obesity. The EEc was separated and purified with the digestive enzymes pectinase (Rapidase X‑Press L) and cellulase (Rohament CL) and its effects on the progression of HFD‑induced obesity were examined over 10 weeks. The mice were divided into 6 groups (n=10/group) as follows: Normal diet group, HFD group, mice fed a HFD with 25 mg/kg/day Garcinia cambogia extract and mice fed a HFD with 5, 25 or 150 mg/kg/day EEc (EHD groups). Changes in body weight, fat, serum lipid levels and lipogenic enzyme levels were determined. The body weight and liver weight were increased in the HFD group compared with those in the ND group, which was significantly reduced by EEc supplementation. In addition, significant reductions in epididymal, perirenal and mesenteric white adipose tissues were present in the EHD groups and all three EHD groups exhibited decreases in insulin, leptin and glutamate pyruvate transaminase levels compared with those in the HFD group. In addition, EEc treatment significantly decreased the serum and hepatic triglyceride levels compared with those in the HFD group. However, the levels of high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol ration increased significantly in EHD‑25 and ‑150 groups compared with those in the HFD group. Changes in adipogenic and lipogenic protein expression in the liver was assessed by western blot analysis. The EHD‑25 and -150 groups exhibited reduced levels of CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein α and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ. However, the phosphorylation ratios of AMP‑activated protein kinase and acetyl‑CoA carboxylase were significantly increased in the liver tissue obtained from the EHD (5, ‑25 and ‑150 mg/kg/day) groups compared with those in the HFD group. EEc supplementation reduced levels of sterol regulatory element‑binding protein‑1c, adipose fatty acid‑binding protein, fatty acid synthase and leptin, while it significantly increased glucose transporter type 4 and adiponectin protein levels in the liver tissues of all three EHD groups compared with those in the HFD group. Taken together, these results suggest that EEc exerts anti‑obesity effects by reducing body weight and the serum and hepatic levels of obesity‑associated factors. Thus, EEc supplementation reduces HFD‑induced obesity in C57BL/6N mice and has the potential to prevent obesity and subsequent metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Kim
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Gijang-gun 46041
| | - Jung-Wook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Nam-gu 48513
| | - Min-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Nam-gu 48513
| | - Chang-Ju Kwon
- Ju Yeong NS Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, Gijang-gun 46041
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, Nam-gu 48513
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23
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Yun JW, Kim SH, Kim YS, You JR, Cho EY, Yoon JH, Kwon E, Yun IJ, Oh JH, Jang JJ, Park JS, Che JH, Kang BC. Enzymatic extract from Ecklonia cava: Acute and subchronic oral toxicity and genotoxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 92:46-54. [PMID: 29108849 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ecklonia cava (EC) is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. Despite its wide use and beneficial properties, comprehensive toxicological information regarding EC extract is currently limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate acute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, and genotoxicity of enzymatic EC extract according to test guidelines published by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The acute oral LD50 values of this EC extract administered to rats and dogs were estimated to be more than 3000 mg/kg BW. In an oral 13-week toxicity study, changes in body weights of rats exposed to the EC extract up to 3000 mg/kg BW were found to be normal. In addition, repeated doses of EC extract failed to influence any systematic parameters of treatment-related toxic symptoms such as food/water consumption, mortality, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight, or histopathology. These results indicated that the no-observed-adverse-effect level for the EC extract was 3000 mg/kg/day for male and female rats. Data obtained from Ames test, chromosome aberration assay, and micronucleus assay indicated that EC extract was not mutagenic or clastogenic. Taken together, these results support the safety of enzymatic EC extract as a potential therapeutic for human consumption against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Soon Kim
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ran You
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Cho
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Yoon
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euna Kwon
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jue Yun
- Ju Yeong NS Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hun Oh
- Ju Yeong NS Co., Ltd., Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-June Jang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Australia
| | - Jeong-Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Koirala P, Jung HA, Choi JS. Recent advances in pharmacological research on Ecklonia species: a review. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:981-1005. [PMID: 28840539 PMCID: PMC7090987 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus Ecklonia (Lessoniaceae, Phaeophyceae), commonly called kelp (brown algae), is abundant on the coasts of Japan and Korea. During the past few decades, Ecklonia species have received tremendous attention for their wide range of therapeutic properties and multiple health benefits, such as great nutritional value and being rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, proteins, and polysaccharides. Several novel functional ingredients with diversified biological activities have been isolated and possess antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant therapeutic properties. The present review discusses the phytochemical, pharmacological, therapeutic, nutritional, and health benefits of different species of genus Ecklonia, as well as their use in the prevention of disease and maintenance of good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashamsa Koirala
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Yoon JY, Choi H, Jun HS. The Effect of Phloroglucinol, A Component of Ecklonia cava Extract, on Hepatic Glucose Production. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E106. [PMID: 28379184 PMCID: PMC5408252 DOI: 10.3390/md15040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloroglucinol is a phenolic compound that is one of the major compounds in Ecklonia cava (brown alga). It has many pharmacological activities, but its anti-diabetic effect is not yet fully explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of phloroglucinol on the control of blood glucose levels and the regulation of hepatic glucose production. Phloroglucinol significantly improved glucose tolerance in male C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) and inhibited glucose production in mouse primary hepatocytes. The expression of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA and protein (G6Pase), enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis, were inhibited in liver tissue from phloroglucinol-treated mice and in phloroglucinol-treated HepG2 cells. In addition, phloroglucinol treatment increased phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α in HepG2 cells. Treatment with compound C, an AMPKα inhibitor, inhibited the increase of phosphorylated AMPKα and the decrease of PEPCK and G6Pase expression caused by phloroglucinol treatment. We conclude that phloroglucinol may inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis via modulating the AMPKα signaling pathway, and thus lower blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Hojung Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea.
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26
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Kim IH, Nam TJ. Enzyme-treated Ecklonia cava extract inhibits adipogenesis through the downregulation of C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:636-644. [PMID: 28204815 PMCID: PMC5360387 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of enzyme- treated Ecklonia cava (EEc) extract on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The components of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) were first separated and purified using the digestive enzymes pectinase (Rapidase® X‑Press L) and cellulase (Rohament® CL). We found that the EEc extract contained three distinct phlorotannins: eckol, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A. Among the phlorotannins, dieckol was the most abundant in the EEc extract at 16 mg/g. Then we examined the inhibitory effects of EEc extract treatment on differentiation‑related transcription factors and on adipogenesis‑related gene expression in vitro using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3‑L1 pre‑adipocytes were used to determine the concentrations of the EEc extract and Garcinia cambogia (Gar) extract that did not result in cytotoxicity. Glucose utilization and triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the EEc‑treated adipocytes were similarly inhibited by 50 µg/ml EEc and 200 µg/ml Gar, and these results were confirmed by Oil Red O staining. Protein expression of adipogenesis differentiation‑related transcription factors following treatment with the EEc extract was also examined. Only the expression of CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein (C/EBP)α was decreased, while there was no effect on the expression of C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, and peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Treatment with the EEc extract decreased the expression levels of adipogenesis‑related genes, in particular sterol regulatory element binding protein‑1c (SREBP‑1c), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A‑FABP), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin. These results suggest that EEc extract treatment has an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis, specifically by affecting the activation of the C/EBPα signaling pathway and the resulting adipogenesis-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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27
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Yan J, Wang C, Jin Y, Meng Q, Liu Q, Liu Z, Liu K, Sun H. Catalpol prevents alteration of cholesterol homeostasis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress and NOX4 over-expression. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalpol has protective effects against hepatic lipid accumulation and alteration of cholesterol homeostasis in HFD- and PA-induced NAFLDviainhibiting ER stress and NOX4 over-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiting Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- College of Pharmacy
- Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116044
- China
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