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Strohm VR, Ayache N, Millette NC, Menegay A, Gobler CJ, Campbell L, Smith JL. Role of turbulence in Dinophysis spp. growth, feeding, and toxin leakage in culture. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 137:102666. [PMID: 39003026 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Dinophysis, a mixotrophic dinoflagellate that is known to prey on the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum, and retain its chloroplasts, is responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in humans and has been identified on all U.S. coasts. Monocultures of Dinophysis have been used to investigate the growth of Dinophysis species in response to variations in environmental conditions, however, little is known about the roles of system stability (turbulence) and mixotrophy in the growth and toxicity of Dinophysis species in the U.S.. To begin to address this gap in knowledge, culturing experiments were conducted with three species (four strains) of Dinophysis, that included predator-prey co-incubation (Dinophysis spp.+ M. rubrum) and prey-only (M. rubrum) flasks. Cultures were investigated for effects of low or high turbulence on Dinophysis spp. growth, feeding, and amounts of intra- and extracellular toxins: okadaic acid and derivatives (diarrhetic shellfish toxins, DSTs) and pectenotoxins (PTXs). Turbulence did not have a measurable effect on the rates of ingestion of M. rubrum prey by Dinophysis spp. for any of the four strains, however, effects on growth and particulate and dissolved toxins were observed. High turbulence (ε = 10-2 m2s-3) significantly slowed growth of both D. acuminata and D. ovum relative to still controls, but significantly stimulated growth of the D. caudata strain. Increasing turbulence also resulted in significantly higher intracellular toxin content in D. acuminata cultures (DSTs and PTXs), but significantly reduced intracellular toxin content (PTXs) in those of D. caudata. An increase in turbulence appeared to promote toxin leakage, as D. ovum had significantly more extracellular DSTs found in the medium under high turbulence when compared to the still control. Overall, significant responses to turbulence were observed, whereby the three strains from the "Dinophysis acuminata complex" displayed a stress response to turbulence, i.e., decreasing growth, increasing intracellular toxin content and/or increasing toxin leakage, while the D. caudata strain had an opposite response, appearing stimulated by, or more tolerant of, high turbulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R Strohm
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA, USA 23062
| | - Nour Ayache
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA, USA 23062
| | - Nicole C Millette
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA, USA 23062
| | - Amy Menegay
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA, USA 23062
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY 11968, USA
| | - Lisa Campbell
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Juliette L Smith
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, 1375 Greate Road, Gloucester Point, VA, USA 23062.
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Ayache N, Bill BD, Brosnahan ML, Campbell L, Deeds JR, Fiorendino JM, Gobler CJ, Handy SM, Harrington N, Kulis DM, McCarron P, Miles CO, Moore SK, Nagai S, Trainer VL, Wolny JL, Young CS, Smith JL. A survey of Dinophysis spp. and their potential to cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in coastal waters of the United States. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:658-680. [PMID: 36964950 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple species of the genus Dinophysis produce diarrhetic shellfish toxins (okadaic acid and Dinophysis toxins, OA/DTXs analogs) and/or pectenotoxins (PTXs). Only since 2008 have DSP events (illnesses and/or shellfish harvesting closures) become recognized as a threat to human health in the United States. This study characterized 20 strains representing five species of Dinophysis spp. isolated from three US coastal regions that have experienced DSP events: the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific Northwest. Using a combination of morphometric and DNA-based evidence, seven Northeast/Mid-Atlantic isolates and four Pacific Northwest isolates were classified as D. acuminata, a total of four isolates from two coasts were classified as D. norvegica, two isolates from the Pacific Northwest coast were identified as D. fortii, and three isolates from the Gulf of Mexico were identified as D. ovum and D. caudata. Toxin profiles of D. acuminata and D. norvegica varied by their geographical origin within the United States. Cross-regional comparison of toxin profiles was not possible with the other three species; however, within each region, distinct species-conserved profiles for isolates of D. fortii, D. ovum, and D. caudata were observed. Historical and recent data from various State and Tribal monitoring programs were compiled and compared, including maximum recorded cell abundances of Dinophysis spp., maximum concentrations of OA/DTXs recorded in commercial shellfish species, and durations of harvesting closures, to provide perspective regarding potential for DSP impacts to regional public health and shellfish industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ayache
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, 23062, USA
| | - Brian D Bill
- Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, 98112, USA
| | - Michael L Brosnahan
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Lisa Campbell
- Department of Oceanography and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Jonathan R Deeds
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
| | - James M Fiorendino
- Department of Oceanography and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, 11968, USA
| | - Sara M Handy
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
| | - Neil Harrington
- Department of Natural Resources, Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe, Sequim, Washington, 98382, USA
| | - David M Kulis
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Pearse McCarron
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Christopher O Miles
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3Z1, Canada
| | - Stephanie K Moore
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, 98112, USA
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Vera L Trainer
- Olympic Natural Resources Center, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer L Wolny
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
| | - Craig S Young
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, 11968, USA
| | - Juliette L Smith
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, 23062, USA
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Nagai S, Basti L, Uchida H, Kuribayashi T, Natsuike M, Sildever S, Nakayama N, Lum WM, Matsushima R. Growth, Toxin Content and Production of Dinophysis Norvegica in Cultured Strains Isolated from Funka Bay (Japan). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050318. [PMID: 37235353 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful cultivation of Dinophysis norvegica Claparède & Lachmann, 1859, isolated from Japanese coastal waters, is presented in this study, which also includes an examination of its toxin content and production for the first time. Maintaining the strains at a high abundance (>2000 cells per mL-1) for more than 20 months was achieved by feeding them with the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum Lohmann, 1908, along with the addition of the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia (W.Conrad) D.R.A.Hill, 1992. Toxin production was examined using seven established strains. At the end of the one-month incubation period, the total amounts of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) ranged between 132.0 and 375.0 ng per mL-1 (n = 7), and 0.7 and 3.6 ng per mL-1 (n = 3), respectively. Furthermore, only one strain was found to contain a trace level of okadaic acid (OA). Similarly, the cell quota of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) ranged from 60.6 to 152.4 pg per cell-1 (n = 7) and 0.5 to 1.2 pg per cell-1 (n = 3), respectively. The results of this study indicate that toxin production in this species is subject to variation depending on the strain. According to the growth experiment, D. norvegica exhibited a long lag phase, as suggested by the slow growth observed during the first 12 days. In the growth experiment, D. norvegica grew very slowly for the first 12 days, suggesting they had a long lag phase. However, after that, they grew exponentially, with a maximum growth rate of 0.56 divisions per day (during Days 24-27), reaching a maximum concentration of 3000 cells per mL-1 at the end of the incubation (Day 36). In the toxin production study, the concentration of DTX1 and PTX2 increased following their vegetative growth, but the toxin production still increased exponentially on Day 36 (1.3 ng per mL-1 and 154.7 ng per mL-1 of DTX1 and PTX2, respectively). The concentration of OA remained below detectable levels (≤0.010 ng per mL-1) during the 36-day incubation period, with the exception of Day 6. This study presents new information on the toxin production and content of D. norvegica, as well as insights into the maintenance and culturing of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nagai
- Coastal and Inland Fisheries Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - Leila Basti
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Marine Resources and Environment, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hajime Uchida
- Seafood Safety and Technology Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - Takanori Kuribayashi
- Headquarters, Hokkaido Research Organization, Kita 19 Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Masafumi Natsuike
- Hakodate Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, 20-5 Benten-cho, Hakodate 040-0051, Japan
| | - Sirje Sildever
- Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15A, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natsuko Nakayama
- Environmental Conservation Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi 739-0452, Japan
| | - Wai Mun Lum
- Coastal and Inland Fisheries Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryuji Matsushima
- Seafood Safety and Technology Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
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Dzhembekova N, Moncheva S, Slabakova N, Zlateva I, Nagai S, Wietkamp S, Wellkamp M, Tillmann U, Krock B. New Knowledge on Distribution and Abundance of Toxic Microalgal Species and Related Toxins in the Northwestern Black Sea. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:685. [PMID: 36287954 PMCID: PMC9610735 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous potentially toxic plankton species commonly occur in the Black Sea, and phycotoxins have been reported. However, the taxonomy, phycotoxin profiles, and distribution of harmful microalgae in the basin are still understudied. An integrated microscopic (light microscopy) and molecular (18S rRNA gene metabarcoding and qPCR) approach complemented with toxin analysis was applied at 41 stations in the northwestern part of the Black Sea for better taxonomic coverage and toxin profiling in natural populations. The combined dataset included 20 potentially toxic species, some of which (Dinophysis acuminata, Dinophysis acuta, Gonyaulax spinifera, and Karlodinium veneficum) were detected in over 95% of the stations. In parallel, pectenotoxins (PTX-2 as a major toxin) were registered in all samples, and yessotoxins were present at most of the sampling points. PTX-1 and PTX-13, as well as some YTX variants, were recorded for the first time in the basin. A positive correlation was found between the cell abundance of Dinophysis acuta and pectenotoxins, and between Lingulodinium polyedra and Protoceratium reticulatum and yessotoxins. Toxic microalgae and toxin variant abundance and spatial distribution was associated with environmental parameters. Despite the low levels of the identified phycotoxins and their low oral toxicity, chronic toxic exposure could represent an ecosystem and human health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dzhembekova
- Institute of Oceanology “Fridtjof Nansen”—Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Snejana Moncheva
- Institute of Oceanology “Fridtjof Nansen”—Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Nataliya Slabakova
- Institute of Oceanology “Fridtjof Nansen”—Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina Zlateva
- Institute of Oceanology “Fridtjof Nansen”—Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Fisheries Technology Institute, Yokohama 236-8648, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Stephan Wietkamp
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Ökologische Chemie, 0471 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Marvin Wellkamp
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Ökologische Chemie, 0471 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Urban Tillmann
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Ökologische Chemie, 0471 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Ökologische Chemie, 0471 Bremerhaven, Germany
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Li J, Ruan Y, Wu R, Cui Y, Shen J, Mak YL, Wang Q, Zhang K, Yan M, Wu J, Lam PKS. Occurrence, spatial distribution, and partitioning behavior of marine lipophilic phycotoxins in the Pearl River Estuary, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119875. [PMID: 35926733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, spatial distribution, and partitioning behavior of 17 marine lipophilic phycotoxins (MLPs) in surface and bottom seawater, particulate organic matter (POM), and surface sediment from the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) were investigated to understand current contamination and the potential risks to marine ecosystems in this region. Nine MLPs were detected, including azaspiracid1-3, gymnodimine, okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin 1-2, pectenotoxin2 (PTX2), and homoyessotoxin, with Σ17MLP concentrations ranging 545-12,600 pg L-1 and 619-8,800 pg L-1 in surface and bottom seawater, respectively; 0-294 ng g-1 and 0.307-300 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) in surface and bottom POM, respectively; and 3.90-982 pg g-1 dw in surface sediment. Lower Σ17MLP levels in the seawater were found at the mouth of the PRE, and gradually increased with increasing distance offshore. According to the calculated partition coefficient, the affinity of MLPs for the aquatic environment components was as follows (from highest to lowest): POM > seawater > sediment. Overall, the distribution and migration of MLPs in the PRE may depend on partition coefficients, the organic carbon fraction, and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Department of Transportation and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Rongben Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Yongsheng Cui
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jincan Shen
- Food Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center of Shenzhen Customs, Key Laboratory of Detection Technology R & D on Food Safety, Shenzhen Academy of Inspection Quarantine, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Yim Ling Mak
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China; Office of the President, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, 30 Good Shepherd Street, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Assunção J, Amaro HM, Lopes G, Tavares T, Malcata FX, Guedes AC. Karlodinium veneficum: Growth optimization, metabolite characterization and biotechnological potential survey. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2844-2858. [PMID: 34865282 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THIS STUDY The major aim of this work was to consistently optimize the production of biomass of the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum and evaluate its extracts biotechnological potential application towards food, nutraceutical or/and pharmaceutical industries. METHODS AND RESULTS A successful approach of biomass production of K. veneficum CCMP 2936 was optimized along with the chemical characterization of its metabolite profile. Several temperatures (12, 16, 20, 25, 30°C), L1 nutrient concentrations (0.5×, 2×, 2.5×, 3×) and NaCl concentrations (20, 25, 30, 40 g L-1 ) were tested. The growth rate was maximum at 16°C, 2× nutrient concentration and 40 g L-1 of NaCl; hence, these conditions were chosen for bulk production of biomass. Methanolic extracts were prepared, and pigments, lipids and phenolic compounds were assessed; complemented by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, and cytotoxicity. Fucoxanthin and derivatives accounted for 0.06% of dry weight, and up to 60% (w/w) of all quantified metabolites were lipids. Said extracts displayed high antioxidant capacity, as towards assessed via the NO•- and ABTS•+ assays (IC50 = 109.09 ± 6.73 and 266.46 ± 2.25 µgE ml-1 , respectively), unlike observed via the O2 •- assay (IC25 reaching 56.06 ± 5.56 µgE ml-1 ). No signs of cytotoxicity were observed. CONCLUSIONS Karlodinium veneficum biomass production was consistently optimized in terms of temperature, L1 nutrient concentrations and NaCl concentration. In addition, this strain appears promising for eventual biotechnological exploitation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work provides fundamental insights about the growth and potential of value-added compounds of dinoflagellate K. veneficum. Dinoflagellates, as K. veneficum are poorly studied regarding its biomass production and added-value compounds for potential biotechnological exploitation. These organisms are difficult to maintain and grow in the laboratory. Thus, any fundamental contribution is relevant to share with the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Assunção
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edíficio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena M Amaro
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edíficio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Graciliana Lopes
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edíficio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,FCUP, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Tavares
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F Xavier Malcata
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FEUP - Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Catarina Guedes
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edíficio do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Séchet V, Sibat M, Billien G, Carpentier L, Rovillon GA, Raimbault V, Malo F, Gaillard S, Perrière-Rumebe M, Hess P, Chomérat N. Characterization of toxin-producing strains of Dinophysis spp. (Dinophyceae) isolated from French coastal waters, with a particular focus on the D. acuminata-complex. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 107:101974. [PMID: 34456013 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates of the genus Dinophysis are the most prominent producers of Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) toxins which have an impact on public health and on marine aquaculture worldwide. In particular, Dinophysis acuminata has been reported as the major DSP agent in Western Europe. Still, its contribution to DSP events in the regions of the English Channel and the Atlantic coast of France, and the role of the others species of the Dinophysis community in these areas are not as clear. In addition, species identification within the D. acuminata complex has proven difficult due to their highly similar morphological features. In the present study, 30 clonal strains of the dominant Dinophysis species have been isolated from French coasts including the English Channel (3 sites), the Atlantic Ocean (11 sites) and the Mediterranean Sea (6 sites). Morphologically, strains were identified as three species: D. acuta, D. caudata, D. tripos, as well as the D. acuminata-complex. Sequences of the ITS and LSU rDNA regions confirmed these identifications and revealed no genetic difference within the D. acuminata-complex. Using the mitochondrial gene cox1, two groups of strains differing by only one substitution were found in the D. acuminata-complex, but SEM analysis of various strains showed a large range of morphological variations. Based on geographical origin and morphology, strains of the subclade A were ascribed to 'D. acuminata' while those of the subclade B were ascribed to 'D. sacculus'. Nevertheless, the distinction into two separate species remains questionable and was not supported by our genetic data. The considerable variations observed in cultured strains suggest that physiological factors might influence cell contour and bias identification. Analyses of Dinophysis cultures from French coastal waters using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed species-conserved toxin profiles for D. acuta (dinophysistoxin 2 (DTX2), okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin 2 (PTX2)), D. caudata (PTX2) and D. tripos (PTX2), irrespective of geographical origin (Atlantic Ocean or Mediterranean Sea). Within the D. acuminata-complex, two different toxin profiles were observed: the strains of 'D. acuminata' (subclade A) from the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean contained only OA while strains of 'D. sacculus' (subclade B) from Mediterranean Sea/Atlantic Ocean contained PTX2 as the dominant toxin, with OA and C9-esters also being present, albeit in lower proportions. The same difference in toxin profiles between 'D. sacculus' and 'D. acuminata' was reported in several studies from Galicia (NW- Spain). This difference in toxin profiles has consequences in terms of public health, and consequently for monitoring programs. While toxin profile could appear as a reliable feature separating 'D. acuminata' from 'D. sacculus' on both French and Spanish coasts, this does not seem consistent with observations on a broader geographical scale for the D. acuminata complex, possibly due to the frequent lack of genetic characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Séchet
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Manoella Sibat
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Gwenael Billien
- Ifremer, LITTORAL, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Bretagne Occidentale, Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, 29900 Concarneau, France
| | | | | | | | - Florent Malo
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sylvain Gaillard
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Philipp Hess
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Chomérat
- Ifremer, LITTORAL, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Bretagne Occidentale, Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, 29900 Concarneau, France
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8
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Mudadu AG, Bazzoni AM, Bazzardi R, Lorenzoni G, Soro B, Bardino N, Arras I, Sanna G, Vodret B, Virgilio S. Influence of seasonality on the presence of okadaic acid associated with Dinophysis species: A four-year study in Sardinia (Italy). Ital J Food Saf 2021; 10:8947. [PMID: 33907685 PMCID: PMC8056453 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.8947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In Sardinia (Italy), bivalve molluscs production plays an important role in the trade balance. Diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning (DSP), an intoxication caused by the ingestion of bivalve molluscs that have accumulated high levels of Okadaic acid (OA), may represent a serious risk for the public health and a remarkable economic loss for the producers. Aim of this work was to improve knowledge about the repeatability of OA accumulation phenomena in various seasons trying to understand whether or not there was a trend. Also, the interaction between toxic algae and OA accumulation was examined. In this study, data of lipophilic toxins, water temperature and abundance of DSP-producing microalgal species were collected in a four-year period (2015–2018) in coastal production areas of Sardinia. Several episodes of OA positive values (>160 eq μgAO/Kg pe, Reg 853/04) were recorded during the study period in different production areas of Sardinia and in different seasons. A seasonal repeatability of OA accumulation in molluscs was observed in some production areas; moreover, different temporal gaps between the presence of toxic algae and OA accumulation were reported. Toxicity was observed almost exclusively in Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamark (99%), being this matrix the most abundant species bred in Sardinia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Barbara Soro
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Sassari
| | - Nadia Bardino
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Sassari
| | - Igor Arras
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Sassari
| | | | - Bruna Vodret
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Sardinia, Sassari
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9
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Gaillard S, Le Goïc N, Malo F, Boulais M, Fabioux C, Zaccagnini L, Carpentier L, Sibat M, Réveillon D, Séchet V, Hess P, Hégaret H. Cultures of Dinophysis sacculus, D. acuminata and pectenotoxin 2 affect gametes and fertilization success of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114840. [PMID: 32570022 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) of toxic species of the dinoflagellate genus Dinophysis are a threat to human health as they are mainly responsible for diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in the consumers of contaminated shellfish. Such contamination leads to shellfish farm closures causing major economic and social issues. The direct effects of numerous HAB species have been demonstrated on adult bivalves, whereas the effects on critical early life stages remain relatively unexplored. The present study aimed to determine the in vitro effects of either cultivated strains of D. sacculus and D. acuminata isolated from France or their associated toxins (i.e. okadaic acid (OA) and pectenotoxin 2 (PTX2)) on the quality of the gametes of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. This was performed by assessing the ROS production and viability of the gametes using flow cytometry, and fertilization success using microscopic counts. Oocytes were more affected than spermatozoa and their mortality and ROS production increased in the presence of D. sacculus and PTX2, respectively. A decrease in fertilization success was observed at concentrations as low as 0.5 cell mL-1 of Dinophysis spp. and 5 nM of PTX2, whereas no effect of OA could be observed. The effect on fertilization success was higher when both gamete types were concomitantly exposed compared to separate exposures, suggesting a synergistic effect. Our results also suggest that the effects could be due to cell-to-cell contact. These results highlight a potential effect of Dinophysis spp. and PTX2 on reproduction and recruitment of the Pacific oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gaillard
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, F-44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Florent Malo
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Myrina Boulais
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Caroline Fabioux
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Lucas Zaccagnini
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Manoella Sibat
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Damien Réveillon
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Séchet
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Philipp Hess
- Ifremer, DYNECO, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, F-44000, Nantes, France.
| | - Hélène Hégaret
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
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10
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Wells ML, Karlson B, Wulff A, Kudela R, Trick C, Asnaghi V, Berdalet E, Cochlan W, Davidson K, De Rijcke M, Dutkiewicz S, Hallegraeff G, Flynn KJ, Legrand C, Paerl H, Silke J, Suikkanen S, Thompson P, Trainer VL. Future HAB science: Directions and challenges in a changing climate. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 91:101632. [PMID: 32057342 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern that accelerating environmental change attributed to human-induced warming of the planet may substantially alter the patterns, distribution and intensity of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Changes in temperature, ocean acidification, precipitation, nutrient stress or availability, and the physical structure of the water column all influence the productivity, composition, and global range of phytoplankton assemblages, but large uncertainty remains about how integration of these climate drivers might shape future HABs. Presented here are the collective deliberations from a symposium on HABs and climate change where the research challenges to understanding potential linkages between HABs and climate were considered, along with new research directions to better define these linkages. In addition to the likely effects of physical (temperature, salinity, stratification, light, changing storm intensity), chemical (nutrients, ocean acidification), and biological (grazer) drivers on microalgae (senso lato), symposium participants explored more broadly the subjects of cyanobacterial HABs, benthic HABs, HAB effects on fisheries, HAB modelling challenges, and the contributions that molecular approaches can bring to HAB studies. There was consensus that alongside traditional research, HAB scientists must set new courses of research and practices to deliver the conceptual and quantitative advances required to forecast future HAB trends. These different practices encompass laboratory and field studies, long-term observational programs, retrospectives, as well as the study of socioeconomic drivers and linkages with aquaculture and fisheries. In anticipation of growing HAB problems, research on potential mitigation strategies should be a priority. It is recommended that a substantial portion of HAB research among laboratories be directed collectively at a small sub-set of HAB species and questions in order to fast-track advances in our understanding. Climate-driven changes in coastal oceanographic and ecological systems are becoming substantial, in some cases exacerbated by localized human activities. That, combined with the slow pace of decreasing global carbon emissions, signals the urgency for HAB scientists to accelerate efforts across disciplines to provide society with the necessary insights regarding future HAB trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Wells
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 36 Baochubei Road, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Bengt Karlson
- SMHI/Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Forskning & utveckling, oceanografi/Research & development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, 426 71 Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Angela Wulff
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Raphael Kudela
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Charles Trick
- Department of Biology, Western University & Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Valentina Asnaghi
- Università degli Studi di Genova (DiSTAV), C.so Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisa Berdalet
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - William Cochlan
- Estuary & Ocean Science Center, Romberg Tiburon Campus, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Drive, Tiburon, CA, 94920-1205, USA
| | - Keith Davidson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK
| | - Maarten De Rijcke
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Gustaaf Hallegraeff
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania Private Bag 129 Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Kevin J Flynn
- Department of Biosciences, Singleton Campus, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Catherine Legrand
- Linnaeus University, Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Hans Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Joe Silke
- Marine Institute, Renville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Sanna Suikkanen
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Thompson
- Marine and Atmospheric Science, CSIRO, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Vera L Trainer
- Environment and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
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11
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Likumahua S, de Boer MK, Krock B, Hehakaya S, Imu L, Müller A, Max T, Buma AGJ. Variability of dinoflagellates and their associated toxins in relation with environmental drivers in Ambon Bay, eastern Indonesia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110778. [PMID: 31910525 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to unravel which environmental drivers govern the dynamics of toxic dinoflagellate abundance as well as their associated paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) in Ambon Bay, Eastern Indonesia. Weather, biological and physicochemical parameters were investigated weekly over a 7-month period. Both PSTs and PTX2 were detected at low levels, yet they persisted throughout the research. Meanwhile, DSTs were absent. A strong correlation was found between total particulate PST and Gymnodinium catenatum cell abundance, implying that this species was the main producer of this toxin. PTX2 was positively correlated with Dinophysis miles cell abundance. Vertical mixing, tidal elevation and irradiance attenuation were the main environmental factors that regulated both toxins and cell abundances, while nutrients showed only weak correlations. The present study indicates that dinoflagellate toxins form a potential environmental, economic and health risk in this Eastern Indonesian bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sem Likumahua
- Department of Ocean Ecosystems, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands; Centre for Deep Sea Research-LIPI, Jl. Y. Syaranamual Guru-guru Poka, 97233 Ambon, Indonesia..
| | - M Karin de Boer
- Department of Ocean Ecosystems, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands; Beta Science Shop, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd Krock
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Salomy Hehakaya
- Centre for Deep Sea Research-LIPI, Jl. Y. Syaranamual Guru-guru Poka, 97233 Ambon, Indonesia
| | - La Imu
- Centre for Deep Sea Research-LIPI, Jl. Y. Syaranamual Guru-guru Poka, 97233 Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Annegret Müller
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Thomas Max
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Anita G J Buma
- Department of Ocean Ecosystems, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
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12
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He X, Chen J, Wu D, Sun P, Ma X, Wang J, Liu L, Chen K, Wang B. Distribution Characteristics and Environmental Control Factors of Lipophilic Marine Algal Toxins in Changjiang Estuary and the Adjacent East China Sea. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E596. [PMID: 31614878 PMCID: PMC6833110 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algal toxins, highly toxic secondary metabolites, have significant influences on coastal ecosystem health and mariculture safety. The occurrence and environmental control factors of lipophilic marine algal toxins (LMATs) in the surface seawater of the Changjiang estuary (CJE) and the adjacent East China Sea (ECS) were investigated. Pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1(DTX1), and gymnodimine (GYM) were detected in the CJE surface seawater in summer, with concentration ranges of not detected (ND)-105.54 ng/L, ND-13.24 ng/L, ND-5.48 ng/L, and ND-12.95 ng/L, respectively. DTX1 (ND-316.15 ng/L), OA (ND-16.13 ng/L), and PTX2 (ND-4.97 ng/L) were detected in the ECS during spring. LMATs formed a unique low-concentration band in the Changjiang diluted water (CJDW) coverage area in the typical large river estuary. PTX2, OA, and DTX1 in seawater were mainly derived from Dinophysis caudate and Dinophysis rotundata, while GYM was suspected to be from Karenia selliformis. Correlation analyses showed that LMAT levels in seawater were positively correlated with dissolved oxygen and salinity, but negatively correlated with temperature and nutrients, indicating that the hydrological condition and nutritional status of seawater and climatic factors exert significant effects on the distribution of LMATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuping He
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Junhui Chen
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Danni Wu
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Xin Ma
- Qinhuangdao Marine Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Qinhuangdao 066000, China.
| | - Jiuming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Lijun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China.
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China.
| | - Kan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China.
| | - Baodong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China.
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13
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Accoroni S, Ceci M, Tartaglione L, Romagnoli T, Campanelli A, Marini M, Giulietti S, Dell'Aversano C, Totti C. Role of temperature and nutrients on the growth and toxin production of Prorocentrum hoffmannianum (Dinophyceae) from the Florida Keys. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 80:140-148. [PMID: 30502806 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum hoffmannianum M.A. Faust is typical of tropical warm waters and produces biotoxins responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). In this study, the effect of temperature and nutrient limitation on growth and toxin production of P. hoffmannianum isolated from field samples collected in the Florida Keys was investigated. Batch culture experiments were ran at two temperatures (i.e. 21 ± 0.1 and 27 ± 0.1 °C) and under nitrogen-limited (14.7 μmol L-1 N-NO3- and 18.1 μmol L-1 P-PO43-) and phosphorus-limited (441 μmol L-1 N-NO3- and 0.6 μmol L-1 P-PO43-) levels with respect to control nutrient conditions (441 μmol L-1 N-NO3-and 18.1 μmol L-1 P-PO43-). Both temperature and nutrient conditions significantly affected growth rates and maximum yield of P. hoffmannianum with the maximum values being recorded at the higher temperature and in the replete medium. Production of okadaic acid was induced under all conditions (from 13.5 to 859.8 pg cell-1), with values up to one order of magnitude higher than those observed in other DSP toxin producing species. Toxin production was enhanced under P limitation at 27 °C, corroborating the theory that toxin production is modulated by cell physiological conditions, which are in turn affected by a wide spectrum of factors, including environmental stressors such as nutrient availability. Toxin fraction released in the growth medium was negligible. No okadaic acid esters were detected in this strain of P. hoffmannianum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Martina Ceci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- National Research Council, CNR-IRBIM, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- National Research Council, CNR-IRBIM, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Giulietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carmela Dell'Aversano
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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14
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Uchida H, Watanabe R, Matsushima R, Oikawa H, Nagai S, Kamiyama T, Baba K, Miyazono A, Kosaka Y, Kaga S, Matsuyama Y, Suzuki T. Toxin Profiles of Okadaic Acid Analogues and Other Lipophilic Toxins in Dinophysis from Japanese Coastal Waters. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E457. [PMID: 30404158 PMCID: PMC6266168 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and quantification of okadaic acid (OA)/dinophysistoxin (DTX) analogues and pectenotoxins (PTXs) in Dinophysis samples collected from coastal locations around Japan were evaluated by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The species identified and analyzed included Dinophysis fortii, D. acuminata, D. mitra (Phalacroma mitra), D. norvegica, D. infundibulus, D. tripos, D. caudata, D. rotundata (Phalacroma rotundatum), and D. rudgei. The dominant toxin found in D. acuminata was PTX2 although some samples contained DTX1 as a minor toxin. D. acuminata specimens isolated from the southwestern regions (Takada and Hiroshima) showed characteristic toxin profiles, with only OA detected in samples collected from Takada. In contrast, both OA and DTX1, in addition to a larger proportion of PTX2, were detected in D. acuminata from Hiroshima. D. fortii showed a toxin profile dominated by PTX2 although this species had higher levels of DTX1 than D. acuminata. OA was detected as a minor toxin in some D. fortii samples collected from Yakumo, Noheji, and Hakata. PTX2 was also the dominant toxin found among other Dinophysis species analyzed, such as D. norvegica, D. tripos, and D. caudata, although some pooled picked cells of these species contained trace levels of OA or DTX1. The results obtained in this study re-confirm that cellular toxin content and profiles are different even among strains of the same species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Uchida
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Watanabe
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Matsushima
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Oikawa
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kamiyama
- National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5, Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan.
| | - Katsuhisa Baba
- Central Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, 238, Hamanakacho, Yoichi-cho, Yoichi-gun, Hokkaido 046-8555, Japan.
| | - Akira Miyazono
- Kushiro Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, 4-25, Nakahamacho, Kushiro-city, Hokkaido 085-0027, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kosaka
- Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Hiranai, Higashitsugarugun, Aomori 039-3381, Japan.
| | - Shinnosuke Kaga
- Iwate Fisheries Technology Center, 3-75-3 Hirata, Kamaishi, Iwate 026-0001, Japan.
| | - Yukihiko Matsuyama
- Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1551-8, Taira-machi, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Suzuki
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
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15
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Farrell H, Ajani P, Murray S, Baker P, Webster G, Brett S, Zammit A. Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxin Monitoring in Commercial Wild Harvest Bivalve Shellfish in New South Wales, Australia. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E446. [PMID: 30380778 PMCID: PMC6266617 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An end-product market survey on biotoxins in commercial wild harvest shellfish (Plebidonax deltoides, Katelysia spp., Anadara granosa, Notocallista kingii) during three harvest seasons (2015⁻2017) from the coast of New South Wales, Australia found 99.38% of samples were within regulatory limits. Diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) were present in 34.27% of 321 samples but only in pipis (P. deltoides), with two samples above the regulatory limit. Comparison of these market survey data to samples (phytoplankton in water and biotoxins in shellfish tissue) collected during the same period at wild harvest beaches demonstrated that, while elevated concentrations of Dinophysis were detected, a lag in detecting bloom events on two occasions meant that wild harvest shellfish with DSTs above the regulatory limit entered the marketplace. Concurrently, data (phytoplankton and biotoxin) from Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) harvest areas in estuaries adjacent to wild harvest beaches impacted by DSTs frequently showed elevated Dinophysis concentrations, but DSTs were not detected in oyster samples. These results highlighted a need for distinct management strategies for different shellfish species, particularly during Dinophysis bloom events. DSTs above the regulatory limit in pipis sampled from the marketplace suggested there is merit in looking at options to strengthen the current wild harvest biotoxin management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Farrell
- NSW Food Authority, 6 Avenue of the Americas, Newington, NSW 2127, Australia.
| | - Penelope Ajani
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Shauna Murray
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Phil Baker
- NSW Food Authority, 6 Avenue of the Americas, Newington, NSW 2127, Australia.
| | - Grant Webster
- NSW Food Authority, 6 Avenue of the Americas, Newington, NSW 2127, Australia.
| | - Steve Brett
- Microalgal Services, 308 Tucker Rd, Ormond, VIC 3204, Australia.
| | - Anthony Zammit
- NSW Food Authority, 6 Avenue of the Americas, Newington, NSW 2127, Australia.
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Alves TP, Schramm MA, Proença LAO, Pinto TO, Mafra LL. Interannual variability in Dinophysis spp. abundance and toxin accumulation in farmed mussels (Perna perna) in a subtropical estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:329. [PMID: 29730718 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated an 8-year dataset (2007 to 2015, except 2008) in the attempt to identify the most susceptible periods for the occurrence of diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) episodes associated with the presence of toxigenic dinoflagellates, Dinophysis spp., in the mussel farming area of Babitonga Bay (southern Brazil). Dinophysis acuminata complex was the most frequent (present in 66% of the samples) and abundant (max. 4100 cells L-1) taxon, followed by D. caudata (14%; max. 640 cells L-1) and D. tripos (0.9%; max. 50 cells L-1). There was a marked onset of the annual rise in Dinophysis spp. abundance during weeks 21-25 (early winter) of each year, followed by a second peak on week 35 (spring). Mussel (Perna perna) samples usually started testing positive in DSP mouse bioassays (MBA) in late winter. Positive results were more frequent in 2007 and 2011 when the mean D. acuminata complex abundance was ~ 500 cells L-1. Although positive DSP-MBA results were observed in only 11% of the samples during the studied period, the toxin okadaic acid (OA) was present in 90% of the analyzed mussels (max. 264 μg kg-1). MBA results were positive when D. acuminata complex cell densities exceed 1200 ± 300 cells L-1, while trace toxin amounts could be detected at cell densities as low as 150 ± 50 cells L-1 (free OA) to 200 ± 100 cells L-1 (conjugated OA). Low salinity and the meteorological conditions triggered by La Niña events were the main factors associated with both Dinophysis abundance and OA accumulation in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Alves
- Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Av. Ver. Abraão João Francisco, 3988, Ressacada, Itajaí, SC, 88307-303, Brazil.
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira-mar s/n, Pontal do Sul, P.O. Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR, 83255-976, Brazil.
| | - M A Schramm
- Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Av. Ver. Abraão João Francisco, 3988, Ressacada, Itajaí, SC, 88307-303, Brazil
| | - L A O Proença
- Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Av. Ver. Abraão João Francisco, 3988, Ressacada, Itajaí, SC, 88307-303, Brazil
| | - T O Pinto
- Federal Institute of Santa Catarina, Av. Ver. Abraão João Francisco, 3988, Ressacada, Itajaí, SC, 88307-303, Brazil
| | - L L Mafra
- Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Beira-mar s/n, Pontal do Sul, P.O. Box 61, Pontal do Paraná, PR, 83255-976, Brazil
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Basti L, Suzuki T, Uchida H, Kamiyama T, Nagai S. Thermal acclimation affects growth and lipophilic toxin production in a strain of cosmopolitan harmful alga Dinophysis acuminata. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 73:119-128. [PMID: 29602499 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Species of the harmful algal bloom (HAB) genera Dinophysis are causative of one of the most widespread and expanding HAB events associated with the human intoxication, diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP). The effects of warming temperature on the physiology and toxinology of these mixotrophic species remain intractable due to their low biomass in nature and difficulties in establishing and maintaining them in culture. Hence, the present study investigated the influence of warming temperature, encompassing present and predicted climate scenarios, on growth and toxin production in a strain of the most cosmopolitan DSP-causative species, Dinophysis acuminata. The strain was isolated from western Japan, acclimated, and cultured over extended time spans. The specific growth and toxin production rates were highest at 20-26 °C and 17-29 °C, respectively, and had significant linear relationships during exponential phase. The cellular toxin production of okadaic acid and pectenotoxin-2 were highest during early exponential growth phase at temperatures ≤17 °C but highest during late stationary phase at temperatures ≥20 °C. The cellular toxin production of Dinophysistoxin-1, however, increased from early exponential to late stationary growth phase independently from temperature. The net toxin productions were not affected by acclimation temperature but significantly affected by growth and were highest during early exponential growth phase. Warming water temperatures increase growth and promote toxin production of D. acuminata, potentially increasing incidence of diarrheic shellfish poisoning events and closures of shellfish production. It is likely that D. acuminata is more toxic at low cell densities during bloom initiation in winter, and at high cell densities during bloom termination in spring-autumn. The results of the present research are also of importance for the mass production of D. acuminata for subsequent studies of the toxicological and pharmacological bioactivities of DSTs and PTX2, and the fate of these toxins in the natural environment and the vectoring shellfish molluscs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Basti
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Suzuki
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kanazawa, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Hajime Uchida
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kanazawa, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamiyama
- Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency 4-9-1, Sakiyama, Miyako, Iwate 027-0097, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kanazawa, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan.
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Couet D, Pringault O, Bancon-Montigny C, Briant N, Elbaz Poulichet F, Delpoux S, Kefi-Daly Yahia O, Hela B, Charaf M, Hervé F, Rovillon G, Amzil Z, Laabir M. Effects of copper and butyltin compounds on the growth, photosynthetic activity and toxin production of two HAB dinoflagellates: The planktonic Alexandrium catenella and the benthic Ostreopsis cf. ovata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 196:154-167. [PMID: 29407801 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlled laboratory experiments were conducted to test the effects of copper (Cu2+) and butyltins (BuT) on the growth, photosynthetic activity and toxin content of two HABs (Harmful Algal Blooms) dinoflagellates, the planktonic Alexandrium catenella and the benthic Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Microalgae were exposed to increasing concentrations of Cu2+ (10-4 to 31 nM) or BuT (0.084 to 84 nM) for seven days. When considering the growth, EC50 values were 0.16 (±0.09) nM and 0.03 (±0.02) nM of Cu2+ for A. catenella and O. cf. ovata, respectively. Regarding BuT, EC50 was 14.2 (±6) nM for O. cf. ovata, while A. catenella growth inhibition appeared at BuT concentrations ≥27 nM. Photosynthetic activity of the studied dinoflagellates decreased with increasing Cu and BuT concentrations. For O. cf. ovata, the response of this physiological parameter to contamination was less sensitive than the biomass. Cu exposure induced the formation of temporary cysts in both organisms that could resist adverse conditions. The ovatoxin-a and -b concentrations in O. cf. ovata cells increased significantly in the presence of Cu. Altogether, the results suggest a better tolerance of the planktonic A. catenella to Cu and BuT. This could result in a differentiated selection pressure exerted by these metals on phytoplankton species in highly polluted waters. The over-production of toxins in response to Cu stress could pose supplementary health and socio-economic threats in the contaminated marine ecosystems where HABs develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Couet
- Center for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC): IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France; Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), IRESA-Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Olivier Pringault
- Center for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC): IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicolas Briant
- IFREMER- Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, Nantes F-44311, France
| | | | - Sophie Delpoux
- Hydrosciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ons Kefi-Daly Yahia
- Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), IRESA-Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - BenGharbia Hela
- Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), IRESA-Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - M'Rabet Charaf
- Research Group on Oceanography and Plankton Ecology, Tunisian National Institute of Agronomy (INAT), IRESA-Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Fabienne Hervé
- IFREMER- Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, Nantes F-44311, France
| | - Georges Rovillon
- IFREMER- Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, Nantes F-44311, France
| | - Zouher Amzil
- IFREMER- Phycotoxins Laboratory, BP 21105, Nantes F-44311, France
| | - Mohamed Laabir
- Center for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC): IRD, IFREMER, CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France.
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