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Zhu K, Wang X, Weng Y, Mao G, Bao Y, Lou J, Wu S, Jin W, Tang L. Sulfated Galactofucan from Sargassum Thunbergii Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Suppressing Inflammation Via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:69-78. [PMID: 36194354 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sulfated galactofucan (SWZ-4), which was extracted from Sargassum thunbergii, has recently been reported to show anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The present study aimed to evaluate whether SWZ-4 attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-KO) mice by suppressing the inflammatory response through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. METHODS Male ApoE-KO mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 16 weeks and intraperitoneally injected with SWZ-4. RAW246.7 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and SWZ-4. Atherosclerotic lesions were measured by Sudan IV and oil red O staining. Serum lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines, and mRNA and protein expression levels were evaluated. RESULTS SWZ-4 decreased serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 levels, but did not reduce blood lipid profiles. SWZ-4 downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 and MyD88, reduced the phosphorylation of p65, and attenuated atherosclerosis in the ApoE-KO mice (p < 0.01). In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, SWZ-4 inhibited proinflammatory cytokine production and the mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and p65 and reduced the protein expression of TLR4 and MyD88 and the phosphorylation of p65 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These results suggest that SWZ-4 may exert an anti-inflammatory effect on ApoE-KO atherosclerotic mice by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophages and therefore may be a treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xihao Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingzheng Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yizhong Bao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiangjie Lou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shaoze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lijiang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang Province, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Aleya A, Mihok E, Pecsenye B, Jolji M, Kertész A, Bársony P, Vígh S, Cziaky Z, Máthé AB, Burtescu RF, Oláh NK, Neamțu AA, Turcuș V, Máthé E. Phytoconstituent Profiles Associated with Relevant Antioxidant Potential and Variable Nutritive Effects of the Olive, Sweet Almond, and Black Mulberry Gemmotherapy Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1717. [PMID: 37760021 PMCID: PMC10525884 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracts of whole plants or specific organs from different plant species are gaining increasing attention for their phytotherapy applications. Accordingly, we prepared standardized gemmotherapy extracts (GTEs) from young shoots/buds of olive (Olea europaea), sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus), and black mulberry (Morus nigra), and analyzed the corresponding phytonutrient profiles. We identified 42, 103, and 109 phytonutrients in the olive, almond, and black mulberry GTEs, respectively, containing amino acids, vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, iridoids, carboxylic acids, lignans, terpenoids, and others. In order to assess the physiological effects generated by the GTEs, we developed a translational nutrition model based on Drosophila melanogaster and Cyprinus carpio. The results indicate that GTEs could influence, to a variable extent, viability and ATP synthesis, even though both are dependent on the specific carbohydrate load of the applied diet and the amino acid and polyphenol pools provided by the GTEs. It seems, therefore, likely that the complex chemical composition of the GTEs offers nutritional properties that cannot be separated from the health-promoting mechanisms that ultimately increase viability and survival. Such an approach sets the paves the way for the nutritional genomic descriptions regarding GTE-associated health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Aleya
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.A.); (E.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Emőke Mihok
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.A.); (E.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Bence Pecsenye
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (M.J.)
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Maria Jolji
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (M.J.)
| | - Attila Kertész
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.A.); (E.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Péter Bársony
- Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Szabolcs Vígh
- Agricultural and Molecular Research Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, Sóstói Str. 31, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (S.V.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zoltán Cziaky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, Sóstói Str. 31, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (S.V.); (Z.C.)
| | - Anna-Beáta Máthé
- Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Str. 94, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | | | - Neli-Kinga Oláh
- PlantExtrakt Ltd., 407059 Cluj, Romania; (R.F.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldiș Western University from Arad, L.Rebreanu Str. 86, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Andreea-Adriana Neamțu
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldiș Western University from Arad, L.Rebreanu Str. 86, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Violeta Turcuș
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldiș Western University from Arad, L.Rebreanu Str. 86, 310414 Arad, Romania
- CE-MONT Mountain Economy Center, Costin C. Kirițescu National Institute of Economic Research, Romanian Academy, Petreni Str. 49, 725700 Suceava, Romania
| | - Endre Máthé
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 128, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldiș Western University from Arad, L.Rebreanu Str. 86, 310414 Arad, Romania
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Jung YW, Lee JA, Lee JE, Cha H, Choi YH, Jeong W, Choi CW, Oh JS, Ahn EK, Hong SS. Anti-Adipogenic Activity of Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Smilax sieboldii Miq. on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108866. [PMID: 37240212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Smilax sieboldii, a climbing tree belonging to Smilacaceae, has been used in traditional oriental medicine for treating arthritis, tumors, leprosy, psoriasis, and lumbago. To evaluate the anti-obesity effects of S. sieboldii (Smilacaceae), we screened methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), aqueous-saturated n-butanol, and ethanol (EtOH) extracts of the whole plant at various concentrations to inhibit adipogenesis in adipocytes. The 3T3-L1 cell line with Oil red O staining with the help of fluorometry was used as an indicator of anti-obesity activity. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the EtOH extract and subsequent phytochemical investigation of the active CH2Cl2- and EtOAc-soluble fractions resulted in the isolation of 19 secondary metabolites (1-19), including a new α-hydroxy acid derivative (16) and two new lanostane-type triterpenoids (17 and 18). The structures of these compounds were characterized using various spectroscopic methods. All the isolated compounds were screened for adipogenesis inhibition at a concentration of 100 μM. Of these, compounds 1, 2, 4-9, 15, and 19 significantly reduced fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, especially compounds 4, 7, 9, and 19, showing 37.05 ± 0.95, 8.60 ± 0.41 15.82 ± 1.23, and 17.73 ± 1.28% lipid content, respectively, at a concentration of 100 μM. These findings provide experimental evidence that isolates from S. sieboldii extracts exert beneficial effects regarding the regulation of adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Woo Jung
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung A Lee
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Cha
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hyeok Choi
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Jeong
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Whan Choi
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Joa Sub Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Ahn
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su Hong
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
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Magwaza SN, Islam MS. Roles of Marine Macroalgae or Seaweeds and Their Bioactive Compounds in Combating Overweight, Obesity and Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040258. [PMID: 37103396 PMCID: PMC10142144 DOI: 10.3390/md21040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are matters of serious concern in the health sector due to their rapid increase in prevalence over the last three decades. Obesity is a severe metabolic problem that results in energy imbalance that is persistent over a long period of time, and it is characterized by insulin resistance, suggesting a strong association with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The available therapies for these diseases have side effects and some still need to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and they are expensive for underdeveloped countries. Hence, the need for natural anti-obesity and anti-diabetic drugs has increased in recent years due to their lower costs and having virtually no or negligible side effects. This review thoroughly examined the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of various marine macroalgae or seaweeds and their bioactive compounds in different experimental settings. According to the findings of this review, seaweeds and their bioactive compounds have been shown to have strong potential to alleviate obesity and diabetes in both in vitro and in vivo or animal-model studies. However, the number of clinical trials in this regard is limited. Hence, further studies investigating the effects of marine algal extracts and their bioactive compounds in clinical settings are required for developing anti-obesity and anti-diabetic medicines with better efficacy but lower or no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S'thandiwe Nozibusiso Magwaza
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa
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5
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Nallappan D, Ong KC, Palanisamy UD, Chua KH, Kuppusamy UR. Myricetin derivative-rich fraction from Syzygium malaccense prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, glucose intolerance and oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:186-197. [PMID: 32813560 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1808019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM A high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to obesity and related metabolic disorders. This study evaluated the preventive efficacy of myricetin derivative-rich fraction (MD) from Syzygium malaccense leaf extract against HFD-induced obesity, hyperglycaemia, and oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice. METHODS HFD-fed mice were administered MD (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg) or 2 mg/kg metformin (positive control) orally for 16 weeks. Normal diet and HFD-fed control groups received normal saline. RESULTS MD dose of 50 mg/kg was better than 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg in significantly reducing weight-gain, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation in liver and kidney, and improving the serum lipid profile. Lowered protein carbonyls and lipid hydroperoxides in urine and tissue homogenates and elevated reduced glutathione, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) levels in tissue homogenates indicated amelioration of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION MD has therapeutic value in the prevention and management of obesity, hyperglycaemia, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Nallappan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kien Chai Ong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Uma Devi Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Song J, Lee H, Heo H, Lee J, Kim Y. Effects of Chrysoeriol on Adipogenesis and Lipolysis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010172. [PMID: 36613388 PMCID: PMC9818938 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of chrysoeriol on adipogenesis and lipolysis and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Chrysoeriol inhibited fat deposition in adipocytes. Treatment with chrysoeriol suppressed the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid-binding protein, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) α, C/EBPβ, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1. In addition, chrysoeriol significantly elevated the activation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Moreover, chrysoeriol increased free glycerol and fatty acid levels and promoted lipolysis in adipocytes. Overexpression of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase by chrysoeriol led to increased lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, chrysoeriol showed anti-adipogenic and lipolytic properties in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Song
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Huijin Heo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghwa Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-663-4652; Fax: +82-51-663-4709
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Zuo Y, Li B, Guan S, Jia J, Xu X, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Li X, Pang X. EuRBG10 involved in indole alkaloids biosynthesis in Eucommia ulmoides induced by drought and salt stresses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 278:153813. [PMID: 36179396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alkaloids are natural products with many important medicinal activities. To explore the mechanism of abiotic stress promoting alkaloid biosynthesis in Eucommia ulmoides, transcriptomic analysis and metabonomic analysis were used, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) lines of target gene were constructed. The results showed that drought and salt stress caused wilting and blackening of leaves, decreased chlorophyll level, and significantly induced MDA and relative conductivity. To resist the damage of stress to cells, the level of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids increased significantly with the extension of stress time. Transcriptomic results showed that, were. Six alkaloid related genes (AWGs) were gathered in five modules positively correlated with either salt stress or alkaloid contents by WGCNA. Results of GO and KEGG enrichment revealed that biosynthesis of alkaloid, especially indole alkaloid was induced, and degradation of alkaloid was inhibited under salt stress. Combining the results of transcriptome and metabolomics, it was suggested that EuRBG10 promotes the production of indole alkaloids and EuAMO5 inhibits the degradation of alkaloids, which may be the core mechanism of the indole alkaloid biosynthesis pathway (map00901) induced by salt stress. The results of these hub proteins were also consistent with the chordal graph of KEGG enrichment. Hub roles of EuRGB10 was checked in E. ulmoides by VIGS. Our findings provide a preliminary understanding of abiotic stress regulating secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, and propose hub genes that can be used to improve the level of bioactive components in medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zuo
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Bairu Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Suixia Guan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jingyu Jia
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xinjie Xu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Zilong Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Processing and Safety Education, Luoyang, 471000, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Xinyue Pang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
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Kim D, Yan J, Bak J, Park J, Lee H, Kim H. Sargassum thunbergii Extract Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice by Modulating AMPK Activation and the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162529. [PMID: 36010531 PMCID: PMC9407432 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum thunbergii (Mertens ex Roth) Kuntze (ST) is a brown alga rich in indole-2-carboxaldehyde. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of ethanol extract from ST in in vitro and in vivo models. In 3T3-L1 cells, ST extract significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in mature adipocytes while lowering adipogenic genes (C/epba and Pparg) and enhancing metabolic sensors (Ampk, Sirt1), thermogenic genes (Pgc-1a, Ucp1), and proteins (p-AMPK/AMPK and UCP1). During animal investigation, mice were administered a chow diet, a high-fat diet (HF), or an HF diet supplemented with ST extract (at dosages of 150 and 300 mg/kg bw per day) for 8 weeks (n = 10/group). ST extract administration decreased weight gain, white adipose tissue weight, LDL-cholesterol, and serum leptin levels while improving glucose intolerance. In addition, ST extract increased the expression of Ampk and Sirt1 in adipose tissue and in the liver, as well as p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in the liver, compared to HF-fed mice. The abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the feces increased in response to ST extract administration, although levels of Romboutsia ilealis decreased compared with those in HF-fed mice. ST extract could prevent obesity in HF-fed mice via the modulation of AMPK activation and gut microbiota composition.
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Abstract
Marine-derived natural products are rich source of secondary metabolites with huge potentials including novel therapeutic agents. Marine algae are considered to be a good source of secondary metabolites with versatile bioactivities. During the last few decades, researches related to natural products obtained from brown algae have remarkably escalated as they contain active compounds with varied biologically activities like antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antiparasitic properties. The main bioactive components such as phlorotannin, fucoxanthin, alginic acid, fucoidan, and laminarin have been briefly discussed here, together with their composition and biological activities. In this review, the biological function of extracts and the metabolites of brown algae as well as their pharmacological impacts with the description of the possible mechanism of their action are described and discussed. Also, this study is expected to examine the multifunctional properties of brown algae that facilitate natural algal products, including the ability to integrate these functional properties in a variety of applications.
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Kim HJ, Im DU, Chau GC, Mishra NK, Kim IS, Um SH. Novel anti-adipogenic effect of CF 3-allylated indole in 3T3-L1 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 352:109782. [PMID: 34932954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Indole derivatives from various plants are known to have health benefits because of their anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tubercular effects. However, their effects on adipogenesis have not been fully elucidated yet. Herein, we show that a newly synthesized indole derivative, CF3-allylated indole, [(E)-1-(pyrimidin- 2-yl)-2-(4,4,4- trifluorobut-2-enyl)-1H-indole], effectively inhibits adipogenesis. We found that CF3-allylated indole inhibited lipid accumulation and suppressed the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in 3T3-L1 cells. The inhibitory effect of CF3-allylated indole primarily occurred at the early phase of adipocyte differentiation by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and enhancing protein kinase A (PKA) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Conversely, depletion of PKA or treatment with a protein kinase A inhibitor (H89) reversed such inhibitory effects of CF3-allylated indole on adipogenesis and PPARγ expression. These results suggest that CF3-allylated indole inhibits early stages of adipogenesis by increasing phosphorylation of PKA/AMPK, leading to decreased expression of adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 cells. These results indicate that CF3-allylated indole has potential for controlling initial adipocyte differentiation in metabolic disorders such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Im
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Gia Cac Chau
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Neeraj Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hee Um
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute Convergence at Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Guru A, Issac PK, Velayutham M, Saraswathi NT, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Molecular mechanism of down-regulating adipogenic transcription factors in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells by bioactive anti-adipogenic compounds. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 48:743-761. [PMID: 33275195 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is growing at an alarming rate, which is characterized by increased adipose tissue. It increases the probability of many health complications, such as diabetes, arthritis, cardiac disease, and cancer. In modern society, with a growing population of obese patients, several individuals have increased insulin resistance. Herbal medicines are known as the oldest method of health care treatment for obesity-related secondary health issues. Several traditional medicinal plants and their effective phytoconstituents have shown anti-diabetic and anti-adipogenic activity. Adipose tissue is a major site for lipid accumulation as well as the whole-body insulin sensitivity region. 3T3-L1 cell line model can achieve adipogenesis. Adipocyte characteristics features such as expression of adipocyte markers and aggregation of lipids are chemically induced in the 3T3-L1 fibroblast cell line. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 is an efficient and convenient way to obtain adipocyte like cells in experimental studies. Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and Cytosine-Cytosine-Adenosine-Adenosine-Thymidine/Enhancer-binding protein α (CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein α or C/EBPα) are considered to be regulating adipogenesis at the early stage, while adiponectin and fatty acid synthase (FAS) is responsible for the mature adipocyte formation. Excess accumulation of these adipose tissues and lipids leads to obesity. Thus, investigating adipose tissue development and the underlying molecular mechanism is important in the therapeutical approach. This review describes the cellular mechanism of 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells on potential anti-adipogenic herbal bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - N T Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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12
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Potential Anti-Aging Substances Derived from Seaweeds. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110564. [PMID: 33218066 PMCID: PMC7698806 DOI: 10.3390/md18110564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The exact mechanisms underlying the aging process are not fully elucidated. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that several pathways, such as sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin-like growth factor, autophagy, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 play critical roles in regulating aging. Furthermore, genetic or dietary interventions of these pathways can extend lifespan by delaying the aging process. Seaweeds are a food source rich in many nutrients, including fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds. The health benefits of seaweeds include, but are not limited to, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obese activities. Interestingly, a body of studies shows that some seaweed-derived extracts or isolated compounds, can modulate these aging-regulating pathways or even extend lifespans of various animal models. However, few such studies have been conducted on higher animals or even humans. In this review, we focused on potential anti-aging bioactive substances in seaweeds that have been studied in cells and animals mainly based on their anti-aging cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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13
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Kang MC, Lee HG, Kim HS, Song KM, Chun YG, Lee MH, Kim BK, Jeon YJ. Anti-Obesity Effects of Sargassum thunbergii via Downregulation of Adipogenesis Gene and Upregulation of Thermogenic Genes in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3325. [PMID: 33138053 PMCID: PMC7692093 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disease characterized by an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. We have previously reported that compounds isolated from brown alga, Sargassum thunbergii (ST; Sargassum thunbergii (Mertens ex Roth) Kuntze), inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. However, the in vivo anti-obesity effects of these compounds have not been previously reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of ST on weight loss, fat accumulation, as well as risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. ST treatment significantly decreased body weight and fat accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice, while reducing insulin and factors related to cardiovascular diseases (triglyceride and total cholesterol) in serum. ST-induced downregulation of PPARγ in white adipose tissue, and upregulation of the thermogenic genes, UCP-1 and UCP-3, in brown adipose tissue was also observed. In addition, oral administration of ST reduced the occurrence of fatty liver, as well as the amount of white adipose tissue in HFD mice. Cumulatively, these results suggest that ST exerts anti-obesity effects and may serve as a potential anti-obesity therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Process Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (M.-C.K.); (K.-M.S.); (Y.-G.C.); (M.H.L.)
| | - Hyo-Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Janghang-eup 33662, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Research Group of Process Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (M.-C.K.); (K.-M.S.); (Y.-G.C.); (M.H.L.)
| | - Yong-Gi Chun
- Research Group of Process Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (M.-C.K.); (K.-M.S.); (Y.-G.C.); (M.H.L.)
| | - Min Hyeock Lee
- Research Group of Process Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (M.-C.K.); (K.-M.S.); (Y.-G.C.); (M.H.L.)
| | - Bum-Keun Kim
- Research Group of Process Engineering, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (M.-C.K.); (K.-M.S.); (Y.-G.C.); (M.H.L.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
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14
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Gabbia D, De Martin S. Brown Seaweeds for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E4182. [PMID: 32932674 PMCID: PMC7570850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the coexistence of different metabolic disorders which increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, metabolic syndrome leads to a reduction in patients' quality of life as well as to an increase in morbidity and mortality. In the last few decades, it has been demonstrated that seaweeds exert multiple beneficial effects by virtue of their micro- and macronutrient content, which could help in the management of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This review aims to provide an updated overview on the potential of brown seaweeds for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases, based on the most recent evidence obtained from in vitro and in vivo preclinical and clinical studies. Owing to their great potential for health benefits, brown seaweeds are successfully used in some nutraceuticals and functional foods for treating metabolic syndrome comorbidities. However, some issues still need to be tackled and deepened to improve the knowledge of their ADME/Tox profile in humans, in particular by finding validated indexes of their absorption and obtaining reliable information on their efficacy and long-term safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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15
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Indole-6-carboxaldehyde prevents oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and apoptosis in C2C12 skeletal myoblasts by regulating the ROS-AMPK signaling pathway. Mol Cell Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-020-00102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Park C, HwangBo H, Lee H, Kim GY, Cha HJ, Choi SH, Kim S, Kim HS, Yun SJ, Kim WJ, Jeon YJ, Choi YH. The immunostimulatory effect of indole-6-carboxaldehyde isolated from Sargassum thunbergii (Mertens) Kuntze in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:233-241. [PMID: 33029301 PMCID: PMC7473310 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1808529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole-6-carboxaldehyde (I6CA), an indole derivative isolated from the marine brown algae Sargassum thunbergii, is known to have several beneficial effects, but no studies on immune regulation have been conducted. In this study, the immunomodulatory properties of I6CA on murine RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage cells were evaluated. As the concentration of I6CA increased, the morphology of RAW 264.7 cells changed to a typical active macrophage shape, and the phagocytic activity increased significantly. I6CA effectively enhanced the production and secretion of immunomodulatory mediators and cytokines due to increased expression of their respective genes. Additionally, I6CA markedly stimulated the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its adapter molecule, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88), and increased TLR4 complexed with Myd88. Furthermore, I6CA promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) by increasing the degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB-α. Meanwhile, similar trends were also found in lipopolysaccharide-treated cells as a positive control. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation showed that I6CA interacted with TLR4-myeloid differentiation 2 complex. Taken together, the results support the concept that I6CA may increase the activity of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in order to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun HwangBo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jae Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Choi
- Department of System Management, Korea Lift College, Geochang, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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17
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Bao Y, He X, Wu W, Wang S, Dai J, Zhang Z, Jin W, Yan J, Mao G. Sulfated galactofucan from Sargassum thunbergii induces senescence in human lung cancer A549 cells. Food Funct 2020; 11:4785-4792. [PMID: 32421130 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00699h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isolated compounds from Sargassum thunbergii (S. thunbergii) have shown to exhibit diverse biological activities, including anti-cancer activity. In this study, we examined the effect of sulfated galactofucan (SWZ-4-H), which was successfully isolated from S. thunbergii, and its underlying mechanism on human lung cancer (LC) A549 cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiment indicated that SWZ-4-H decreased cell growth and number in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05 vs. control). Besides, cells treated with SWZ-4-H had irregular morphology, including increased cell volumes, and large nuclei, which suggested senescence-like changes. Moreover, SWZ-4-H increased senescence-related β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining in a dose-dependent manner; however, while lower (1 mg mL-1) concentration induced mainly senescence without causing cell death, higher dosage (3 mg mL-1) induced both senescence and cell death. The effect of SWZ-4-H was further confirmed by analyzing the expression of p53, p21, p16, and Rb (p-RB); SWZ-4-H significantly increased the expression of p53, p21, and p16 and decreased phosphorylated Rb (p-RB) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in vivo experiment showed that SWZ-4-H significantly reduced the tumor volume without affecting the body weight. To sum up, our data indicated that SWZ-4-H could induce lung cancer senescence by regulating p53, p21, p16, and p-Rb, thus providing a novel perspective on anti-cancer mechanisms of SWZ-4-H in human lung cancer A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Bao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, PR China.
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18
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Fernando IPS, Ryu B, Ahn G, Yeo IK, Jeon YJ. Therapeutic potential of algal natural products against metabolic syndrome: A review of recent developments. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Rushdi MI, Abdel-Rahman IAM, Saber H, Attia EZ, Abdelraheem WM, Madkour HA, Hassan HM, Elmaidomy AH, Abdelmohsen UR. Pharmacological and natural products diversity of the brown algae genus Sargassum. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24951-24972. [PMID: 35517468 PMCID: PMC9055232 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum (F. Sargassaceae) is an important seaweed excessively distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I. Rushdi
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- South Valley University
- Qena
- Egypt
| | | | - Hani Saber
- Department of Botany and Microbiology
- Faculty of Science
- South Valley University
- Qena
- Egypt
| | - Eman Zekry Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Minia University
- 61519 Minia
- Egypt
| | - Wedad M. Abdelraheem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Minia University
- 61519 Minia
- Egypt
| | - Hashem A. Madkour
- Department of Marine and Environmental Geology
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
- 84511 Hurghada
- Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
| | - Abeer H. Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Beni-Suef University
- Beni-Suef
- Egypt
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20
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Bermano G, Stoyanova T, Hennequart F, Wainwright CL. Seaweed-derived bioactives as potential energy regulators in obesity and type 2 diabetes. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 87:205-256. [PMID: 32089234 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is epidemiological evidence that dietary intake of seaweeds is associated with a lower prevalence of chronic diseases. While seaweeds are of high nutritious value, due to their high content of fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids and minerals, they also contain an abundance of bioactive compounds. There is a growing body of scientific data that these bioactive moieties exert effects that could correct the metabolic dysregulation that is present in obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this review we describe how the molecular mechanisms, specific to different tissues, that underly obesity and T2D are influenced by both seaweed extracts and seaweed-derived bioactive molecules. In obesity, modulation of antioxidant capacity and reduction of intracellular ROS levels within tissues, and regulation of signaling pathways involved in enhancing browning of white adipose tissue, have been highlighted as key mechanism and identified as a potential target for optimal energy metabolism. In T2D, management of post-prandial blood glucose by modulating α-glucosidase or α-amylase activities, modulation of the AMPK signaling pathway, and similarly to obesity, reduction of ROS and NO production with subsequent increased expression of antioxidant enzymes have been shown to play a key role in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. Future studies aimed at discovering new therapeutic drugs from marine natural products should, therefore, focus on bioactive compounds from seaweed that exert antioxidant activity and regulate the expression of key signaling pathways involved in glucose homeostasis, mechanisms that are common to both obesity and T2D management. In addition, more data is required to provide evidence of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Bermano
- Centre for Natural Products in Health, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Teodora Stoyanova
- Centre for Natural Products in Health, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cherry L Wainwright
- Centre for Natural Products in Health, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
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21
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Kim TH, Heo SJ, Ko SC, Park WS, Choi IW, Yi M, Jung WK. Indole‑6‑carboxaldehyde isolated from Sargassum thunbergii inhibits the expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase‑9. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1979-1987. [PMID: 31432146 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum thunbergii is a brown alga from which various bioactive compounds can be extracted. Among these, the activities of indole derivatives, particularly as potential inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and their underlying mechanisms have been rarely investigated. Therefore, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of indole‑6‑carboxaldehyde (I6CA) on MMP‑9 by gelatin zymography and western blot anlaysis. We used phorbol 12‑myristate 13‑acetate (PMA), which is known to induce MMP‑9 expression and secretion, to stimulate HT1080 cells. Our results revealed that I6CA significantly inhibited MMP‑9 expression and secretion, without significantly affecting the viability of PMA‑stimulated HT1080 cells. Our mechanistic studies indicated that I6CA suppressed the phosphorylation and activation of two mitogen‑activated protein kinases (MAPKs), c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK). Furthermore, I6CA inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) in response to PMA stimulation, which suppressed nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) p65 subunit nuclear translocation. Collectively, I6CA was determined to suppress MMP‑9 expression and secretion, and effects were proposed to be mediated via the inhibition of the MAPK and NF‑κB p65 pathways. Therefore, we suggested I6CA to be a potential therapeutic agent for MMP‑9‑related processes, including tumor invasion and metastasis; however, further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine‑Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research and Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Chun Ko
- National Marine Bio‑Resources and Information Center, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seochun, Chungcheongnam 33662, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunggi Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine‑Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine‑Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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22
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Lu J, Meng Z, Cheng B, Liu M, Tao S, Guan S. Apigenin reduces the excessive accumulation of lipids induced by palmitic acid via the AMPK signaling pathway in HepG2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2965-2971. [PMID: 31572539 PMCID: PMC6755459 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to diseases caused by excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver with therapeutic agents derived from natural products offering an alternative treatment to conventional therapies. Among these therapeutic agents, apigenin, a natural flavonoid, has been proven to exert various beneficial biological effects. In the present study, the antiadipogenic effects of apigenin in HepG2 cells was investigated. It was demonstrated that the treatment of cells with different concentrations of apigenin for 24 h significantly decreased the palmitic acid-induced increases in total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels as well as intracellular lipid accumulation. In addition, apigenin increased the phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels but decreased the expression levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1, fatty acid synthase, and SREBP-2 in a concentration-dependent manner. The present findings suggested that apigenin might improve lipid metabolism by activating the AMPK/SREBP pathway to reduce lipid accumulation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoqun Meng
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Bijun Cheng
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Meitong Liu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Guan
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
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23
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Cha SH, Hwang Y, Heo SJ, Jun HS. Indole-4-carboxaldehyde Isolated from Seaweed, Sargassum thunbergii, Attenuates Methylglyoxal-Induced Hepatic Inflammation. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E486. [PMID: 31438528 PMCID: PMC6780312 DOI: 10.3390/md17090486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose degradation is aberrantly increased in hyperglycemia, which causes various harmful effects on the liver. Glyoxalase-1 (Glo-1) is a ubiquitous cellular enzyme that participates in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MGO), a cytotoxic byproduct of glycolysis that induces protein modification (advanced glycation end-products, AGEs) and inflammation. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of indole-4-carboxaldehyde (ST-I4C), which was isolated from the edible seaweed Sargassum thunbergii, on MGO-induced inflammation in HepG2 cells, a human hepatocyte cell line. ST-I4C attenuated the MGO-induced expression of inflammatory-related genes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IFN-γ by activating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) without toxicity in HepG2 cells. In addition, ST-I4C reduced the MGO-induced AGE formation and the expression of the receptor for AGE (RAGE). Interestingly, both the mRNA and protein expression levels of Glo-1 increased following ST-I4C treatment, and the decrease in Glo-1 mRNA expression caused by MGO exposure was rescued by ST-I4C pretreatment. These results suggest that ST-I4C shows anti-inflammatory activity against MGO-induced inflammation in human hepatocytes by preventing an increase in the pro-inflammatory gene expression and AGE formation. Therefore, it represents a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Hanseo University, Chungcheongnam-do 31962, Korea
| | - Yongha Hwang
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju 63349, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Gachon Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21999, Korea.
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Zhao B, Cui Y, Fan X, Qi P, Liu C, Zhou X, Zhang X. Anti-obesity effects of Spirulina platensis protein hydrolysate by modulating brain-liver axis in high-fat diet fed mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218543. [PMID: 31220177 PMCID: PMC6586325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina platensis is a blue-green algae with potential anti-obesity effects. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of whole Spirulina platensis (WSP), Spirulina platensis protein (SPP) and Spirulina platensis protein hydrolysate (SPPH) were compared in high-fat diet fed mice, and the potential acting mechanism of SPPH was also investigated. Totally, SPPH exhibited good anti-obesity effects (reducing 39.8%±9.7% of body weight), lowering 23.8%±1.6% of serum glucose, decreasing 20.8%±1.4% of total cholesterol, while positive drug Simvastatin had the corresponding values: 8.3%±4.6%, 24.8%±1.9% and -2.1%±0.2%, respectively. Subsequently, PCR array was used to conduct gene expression analysis in brain and liver tissues of SPPH-treated mice, which displayed distinctly different expression pattern. The most markedly changed genes included: Acadm (-34.7 fold), Gcg (2.5 fold), Adra2b (2 fold) and Ghsr (2 fold) in brain; Retn (39 fold), Fabp4 (15.5 fold), Ppard (6 fold) and Slc27a1 (5.4 fold) in liver. Further network analysis demonstrated that the significantly expressed genes in brain and liver tissues were mapped into an interacting network, suggesting a modulatory effect on brain-liver axis, major pathways were involved in the axis: PPAR, adipocytokine, AMPK, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and MAPK. This study showed that Spirulina platensis protein hydrolysate possessed anti-obesity effect in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingli Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujiao Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Qi
- Guangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (PQ)
| | - Chunchen Liu
- Zhongci Health Care Products Technology Development Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Zhou
- Guangzhou Honsea Industry Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (PQ)
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Kang MC, Ding Y, Kim HS, Jeon YJ, Lee SH. Inhibition of Adipogenesis by Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) through AMPK Activation in Adipocytes. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17010044. [PMID: 30634617 PMCID: PMC6356311 DOI: 10.3390/md17010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiobesity effect and the mechanism of action of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) isolated from Ishige okamurae in 3T3-L1 cells. The antiobesity effects were examined by evaluating intracellular fat accumulation in Oil Red O-stained adipocytes. Based on the results, DPHC dose-dependently inhibited the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DPHC significantly inhibited adipocyte-specific proteins such as SREBP-1c, PPARγ, C/EBP α, and adiponectin, as well as adipogenic enzymes, including perilipin, FAS, FABP4, and leptin in adipocytes. These results indicated that DPHC primarily acts by regulating adipogenic-specific proteins through inhibiting fat accumulation and fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes. DPHC treatment significantly increased both AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in adipocytes. These results indicate that DPHC inhibits the fat accumulation by activating AMPK and ACC in 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that DPHC can be used as a potential therapeutic agent against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Korea Food Research Institute, 245 Nongsaengmyeong-Ro Iseo-Myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Yuling Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea.
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Abstract
Covering: January to December 2017This review covers the literature published in 2017 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 740 citations (723 for the period January to December 2017) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1490 in 477 papers for 2017), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. Geographic distributions of MNPs at a phylogenetic level are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. and Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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27
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Ko SC, Ding Y, Kim J, Ye BR, Kim EA, Jung WK, Heo SJ, Lee SH. Bromophenol (5-bromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) isolated from red alga Polysiphonia morrowii inhibits adipogenesis by regulating expression of adipogenic transcription factors and AMP-activated protein kinase activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Phytother Res 2018; 33:737-744. [PMID: 30570192 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 5-bromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (BD) isolated from Polysiphonia morrowii on adipogenesis and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes and its possible mechanism of action. Levels of lipid accumulation and triglyceride were significantly lower in BD treated cells than those in untreated cells. In addition, BD treatment reduced protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins α, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 compared with control (no treatment). It also reduced expression levels of adiponectin, leptin, fatty acid synthase, and fatty acid binding protein 4. AMP-activated protein kinase activation was found to be one specific mechanism involved in the effect of BD. These results demonstrate that BD possesses inhibitory effect on adipogenesis through activating AMP-activated protein kinase signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Chun Ko
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuling Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research and Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Ye
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research and Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research and Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research and Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Biology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
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28
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Overview on the Antihypertensive and Anti-Obesity Effects of Secondary Metabolites from Seaweeds. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16070237. [PMID: 30011911 PMCID: PMC6070913 DOI: 10.3390/md16070237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and obesity are two significant factors that contribute to the onset and exacerbation of a cascade of mechanisms including activation of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems, oxidative stress, release of inflammatory mediators, increase of adipogenesis and thus promotion of systemic dysfunction that leads to clinical manifestations of cardiovascular diseases. Seaweeds, in addition to their use as food, are now unanimously acknowledged as an invaluable source of new natural products that may hold noteworthy leads for future drug discovery and development, including in the prevention and/or treatment of the cardiovascular risk factors. Several compounds including peptides, phlorotannins, polysaccharides, carotenoids, and sterols, isolated from brown, red and green macroalgae exhibit significant anti-hypertensive and anti-obesity properties. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances on bioactive pure compounds isolated from different seaweed sources focusing on their potential use as drugs to treat or prevent hypertension and obesity. On the other hand, although it is obvious that macroalgae represent promising sources of antihypertensive and anti-obesity compounds, it is also clear that further efforts are required to fully understand their cellular mechanisms of action, to establish structure-inhibition relationships and mainly to evaluate them in pre-clinical and clinical trials.
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Kang MC, Ding Y, Kim J, Kim EA, Fernando IPS, Heo SJ, Lee SH. 3-Chloro-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating expression of adipogenic transcription factors and AMPK activation. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 287:27-31. [PMID: 29630878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health issue in many industrialized countries. It is a medical condition with excessive levels of fat accumulated in adipocytes. The objective of the present study was to determine the inhibitory effect of 3-chloro-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (CDB) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. CDB suppressed the differentiation and decreased lipid accumulation and triglycerides contents in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Its suppression effect on fat accumulation was mediated via expression of adipogenesis factors (C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, PPARγ, and adiponectin) during adipocyte differentiation in white adipocyte cells. CDB's ability to suppress fat accumulation was increased in a concentration-dependent manner. It inhibited fatty acid synthesis related proteins including FAS, FABP4, leptin, and perilipin. It also increased expression of phosphorylated AMPK in adipocytes cells. These observations suggest that CDB has potential anti-obesity effect with ability to improve metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Cheol Kang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuling Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science &Technology (KIOST), Jeju, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science &Technology (KIOST), Jeju, 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - I P Shanura Fernando
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science &Technology (KIOST), Jeju, 63349, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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Jin W, Liu B, Li S, Chen J, Tang H, Jiang D, Zhang Q, Zhong W. The structural features of the sulfated heteropolysaccharide (ST-1) from Sargassum thunbergii and its neuroprotective activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:307-313. [PMID: 29217183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide (ST) was prepared from Sargassum thunbergii using hot water. Two fractions (ST-1 and ST-2) were prepared using anion exchange chromatography. One desulfated polysaccharide (ST-1-DS) was also prepared. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) performed on ST-1-DS showed that the desulfated polysaccharides contained methyl glycosides of mono-sulfated and di-sulfated galacto-fucooligosaccharides. This result suggested that ST-1 might contain sulfated galactofucan, which consists of a backbone of alternating (Gal)n and (Fuc)n and sulfated randomly on Gal and mainly on C-2 in Fuc. In addition, ST-1 was degraded in 1M sulfuric acid. The solution was centrifuged, and the supernatant was concentrated and precipitated in ethanol to obtain the precipitate (ST-1-P). ST-1-P was then separated using gel chromatography and anion exchange chromatography to obtain the oligomers. ESI-MS spectra of oligomers indicated that ST-1 mostly contained sulfated glucuronomannan and fucoglucuronan. ESI-MS with collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS/MS) suggested that glucuronomannan contained alternating 2-linked Man and 4-linked GlcA, while fucoglucuronan contained 4-linked glucuronan with branched Fuc at C-3. Finally, the neuroprotective activities of ST, ST-1, ST-2 and MIX (a mixture of ST-1 and ST-2) were determined. ST showed the most neuroprotective activity, which indicated that ST might be a good candidate for curing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Hong Tang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Di Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Weihong Zhong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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Lu J, Cheng B, Meng Z, Fang B, Li T, Sun M, Liu M, Guan S. Alliin attenuates 1, 3-dichloro-2-propanol-induced lipogenesis in HepG2 cells through activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. Life Sci 2018; 195:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Gajaganti S, Bajpai S, Srivastava V, Singh S. An efficient, room temperature, oxygen radical anion (O2•−) mediated, one-pot, and multicomponent synthesis of spirooxindoles. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present report highlights an efficient use of oxygen radical anion to promote a room temperature multi-component synthesis of spirooxindoles (4a–4l) under mild reaction conditions. The potassium superoxide (KO2) and tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB) combination generate the oxygen radical anion in situ to promote this transformation. This method offers a sustainable and direct access to the biologically important spirooxindole derivatives in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaiah Gajaganti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivam Bajpai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sundaram Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology — BHU, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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