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Abruscato G, Chiarelli R, Lazzara V, Punginelli D, Sugár S, Mauro M, Librizzi M, Di Stefano V, Arizza V, Vizzini A, Vazzana M, Luparello C. In Vitro Cytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extracts from Leaves and Rhizomes of the Seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on HepG2 Liver Cancer Cells: Focus on Autophagy and Apoptosis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040616. [PMID: 37106816 PMCID: PMC10135731 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous extracts from Posidonia oceanica's green and brown (beached) leaves and rhizomes were prepared, submitted to phenolic compound and proteomic analysis, and examined for their potential cytotoxic effect on HepG2 liver cancer cells in culture. The chosen endpoints related to survival and death were cell viability and locomotory behavior, cell-cycle analysis, apoptosis and autophagy, mitochondrial membrane polarization, and cell redox state. Here, we show that 24 h exposure to both green-leaf- and rhizome-derived extracts decreased tumor cell number in a dose-response manner, with a mean half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) estimated at 83 and 11.5 μg of dry extract/mL, respectively. Exposure to the IC50 of the extracts appeared to inhibit cell motility and long-term cell replicating capacity, with a more pronounced effect exerted by the rhizome-derived preparation. The underlying death-promoting mechanisms identified involved the down-regulation of autophagy, the onset of apoptosis, the decrease in the generation of reactive oxygen species, and the dissipation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, although, at the molecular level, the two extracts appeared to elicit partially differentiating effects, conceivably due to their diverse composition. In conclusion, P. oceanica extracts merit further investigation to develop novel promising prevention and/or treatment agents, as well as beneficial supplements for the formulation of functional foods and food-packaging material with antioxidant and anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Abruscato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Diletta Punginelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simon Sugár
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariangela Librizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Aiti Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Chemical Composition, Biomolecular Analysis, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Fingerprinting of Posidonia oceanica and Ascophyllum nodosum Extracts. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020170. [PMID: 36837789 PMCID: PMC9963245 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed analysis of the elemental and molecular composition of Posidonia oceanica (PO) and Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) is presented. In particular, an in-depth study of the molecular identification via NMR spectroscopy of aqueous and organic extracts of PO and AN was carried out, exploiting 2D COSY and pseudo-2D DOSY data to aid in the assignment of peaks in complex 1D proton NMR spectra. Many metabolites were identified, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, and polyphenols, with NMR complementing the characterization of the two species by standard elemental analysis, HPLC analysis, and colorimetric testing. For PO, different parts of the live plant (roots, rhizomes, and leaves) were analysed, as well as the residues of the dead plant which typically deposit along the coasts. The combination of the various studies made it possible to recognize bioactive compounds naturally present in the two plant species and, in particular, in the PO residues, opening the door for their possible recycling and use in, for example, fertilizer. Furthermore, NMR is proven to be a powerful tool for the metabolomic study of plant species as it allows for the direct identification of specific biomarkers as well as providing a molecular fingerprint of the plant variety.
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Gono CMP, Ahmadi P, Hertiani T, Septiana E, Putra MY, Chianese G. A Comprehensive Update on the Bioactive Compounds from Seagrasses. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070406. [PMID: 35877699 PMCID: PMC9324380 DOI: 10.3390/md20070406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine angiosperms produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites with unique structural features that have the potential to be developed as effective and potent drugs for various diseases. Recently, research trends in secondary metabolites have led to drug discovery with an emphasis on their pharmacological activity. Among marine angiosperms, seagrasses have been utilized for a variety of remedial purposes, such as treating fevers, mental disorders, wounds, skin diseases, muscle pain, and stomach problems. Hence, it is essential to study their bioactive metabolites, medical properties, and underlying mechanisms when considering their pharmacological activity. However, there is a scarcity of studies on the compilation of existing work on their pharmacological uses, pharmacological pathways, and bioactive compounds. This review aims to compile the pharmacological activities of numerous seagrass species, their secondary metabolites, pharmacological properties, and mechanism of action. In conclusion, this review highlights the potency of seagrasses as a promising source of natural therapeutical products for preventing or inhibiting human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peni Ahmadi
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (M.Y.P.); (G.C.); Tel.: +62-21875-4587 (P.A. & M.Y.P.); +39-0816-74125 (G.C.)
| | - Triana Hertiani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
| | - Eris Septiana
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | - Masteria Yunovilsa Putra
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (M.Y.P.); (G.C.); Tel.: +62-21875-4587 (P.A. & M.Y.P.); +39-0816-74125 (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Chianese
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (M.Y.P.); (G.C.); Tel.: +62-21875-4587 (P.A. & M.Y.P.); +39-0816-74125 (G.C.)
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Messina CM, Arena R, Manuguerra S, Pericot Y, Curcuraci E, Kerninon F, Renda G, Hellio C, Santulli A. Antioxidant Bioactivity of Extracts from Beach Cast Leaves of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:560. [PMID: 34677459 PMCID: PMC8539254 DOI: 10.3390/md19100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is a generous source of biologically active compounds useful for human health. In 50 years, about 25,000 bioactive marine compounds have been identified, with an increase of 5% per year. Peculiar feature of algae and plants is the production of secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols, synthesized as a form of adaptation to environmental stress. Posidonia oceanica is a Mediterranean endemic and dominant seagrass and represents a biologically, ecologically and geologically important marine ecosystem. Within this study, methanolic and ethanolic extracts were generated from fresh and dried Posidonia oceanica leaves, with the aim to employ and valorize the beach cast leaves. The best yield and antioxidant activity (polyphenols content equal to 19.712 ± 0.496 mg GAE/g and DPPH IC50 of 0.090 µg/µL.) were recorded in 70% ethanol extracts (Gd-E4) obtained from leaves dried for two days at 60 °C and ground four times. HPLC analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols compounds (the most abundant of which was chicoric acid) with antioxidant and beneficial properties. Bioactive properties of the Gd-E4 extracts were evaluated in vitro using fibroblast cells line (HS-68), subjected to UV induced oxidative stress. Pre-treatment of cells with Gd-E4 extracts led to significant protection against oxidative stress and mortality associated with UV exposure, thus highlighting the beneficial properties of antioxidants compounds produced by these marine plants against photo damage, free radicals and associated negative cellular effects. Beach cast leaves selection, processing and extraction procedures, and the in vitro assay results suggested the potentiality of a sustainable approach for the biotechnological exploitation of this resource and could serve a model for other marine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Maria Messina
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (R.A.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Rosaria Arena
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (R.A.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Simona Manuguerra
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (R.A.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Yann Pericot
- LEMAR, IRD, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France; (Y.P.); (F.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Eleonora Curcuraci
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (R.A.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Fanny Kerninon
- LEMAR, IRD, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France; (Y.P.); (F.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Giuseppe Renda
- Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy;
| | - Claire Hellio
- LEMAR, IRD, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzane, France; (Y.P.); (F.K.); (C.H.)
| | - Andrea Santulli
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (R.A.); (S.M.); (E.C.); (A.S.)
- Istituto di Biologia Marina, Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Via G. Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy;
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Vasarri M, De Biasi AM, Barletta E, Pretti C, Degl’Innocenti D. An Overview of New Insights into the Benefits of the Seagrass Posidonia oceanica for Human Health. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19090476. [PMID: 34564138 PMCID: PMC8470915 DOI: 10.3390/md19090476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is a Mediterranean-endemic angiosperm often described for its great ecological importance. Despite evidence of a millennia-old relationship between P. oceanica and humans, as well as traditional medicine applications, the potential benefits of P. oceanica for human health have been documented only recently. This review aims to compile newly acquired knowledge on P. oceanica bioactive properties that allow the scientific community to look at this plant as a promising source of natural therapeutical products for human health. Experimental investigations conducted in both in vitro cellular-based and in vivo animal models pave the way for new research projects aiming at the development of alternative and complementary therapeutic strategies based on P. oceanica against a wide range of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Vasarri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (E.B.)
| | - Anna Maria De Biasi
- Interuniversity Center of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology “G. Bacci” (CIBM), Viale N. Sauro 4, 57128 Livorno, Italy; (A.M.D.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Emanuela Barletta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (E.B.)
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Interuniversity Center of Marine Biology and Applied Ecology “G. Bacci” (CIBM), Viale N. Sauro 4, 57128 Livorno, Italy; (A.M.D.B.); (C.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Donatella Degl’Innocenti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (M.V.); (E.B.)
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Astudillo-Pascual M, Domínguez I, Aguilera PA, Garrido Frenich A. New Phenolic Compounds in Posidonia oceanica Seagrass: A Comprehensive Array Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050864. [PMID: 33923075 PMCID: PMC8145229 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The studies on the Posidonia oceanica Delile (P. oceanica) phenolic composition have been focused on the foliar tissues and have often neglected the phenolic compounds in rhizomes or roots alike. With the current improvements in high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyzers, such as the Orbitrap MS, there is a new opportunity to more deeply study P. oceanica. One of the benefits is the possibility of conducting an exhaustive phenolic monitoring, which is crucial in the search for new stressor-specific biomarkers of coastal deterioration. For this purpose, the different tissues (leaf, rhizome, and root) of P. oceanica seagrass from several marine sampling areas were analyzed through target, suspected, and non-target screenings. This paper brings a fast and tissues-specific extraction, as well as a detection method of phenolic compounds applying for the first time the potential of HRMS (Exactive Orbitrap) in P. oceanica samples. As a result, 42 phenolic compounds were satisfactorily detected, of which, to our knowledge, 24 were not previously reported in P. oceanica, such as naringenin, naringenin chalcone and pinocembrin, among others. Information here reported could be used for the evaluation of new stressor-specific biomarkers of coastal deterioration in the Mediterranean waters. Furthermore, the followed extraction and analytical method could be considered as a reference protocol in other studies on marine seagrasses due to the exhaustive search and satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Astudillo-Pascual
- Department of Biology and Geology, International Campus of Excellence in Marine Science (CEIMAR), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almeria, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Irene Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería, E-04120 Almeria, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Pedro A. Aguilera
- Department of Biology and Geology, International Campus of Excellence in Marine Science (CEIMAR), University of Almeria, E-04120 Almeria, Spain; (M.A.-P.); (P.A.A.)
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería, E-04120 Almeria, Spain;
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Ammar NM, Hassan HA, Mohammed MA, Serag A, Abd El-Alim SH, Elmotasem H, El Raey M, El Gendy AN, Sobeh M, Abdel-Hamid AHZ. Metabolomic profiling to reveal the therapeutic potency of Posidonia oceanica nanoparticles in diabetic rats. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8398-8410. [PMID: 35423335 PMCID: PMC8695213 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09606g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Posidonia oceanica is a sea grass belonging to the family Posidoniaceae, which stands out as a substantial reservoir of bioactive compounds. In this study, the secondary metabolites of the P. oceanica rhizome were annotated using UPLC-HRESI-MS/MS, revealing 86 compounds including simple phenolic acids, flavonoids, and their sulphated conjugates. Moreover, the P. oceanica butanol extract exhibited substantial antioxidant and antidiabetic effects in vitro. Thus, a reliable, robust drug delivery system was developed through the encapsulation of P. oceanica extract in gelatin nanoparticles to protect active constituents, control their release and enhance their therapeutic activity. To confirm these achievements, untargeted GC-MS metabolomics analysis together with biochemical evaluation was employed to investigate the in vivo anti-diabetic potential of the P. oceanica nano-extract. The results of this study demonstrated that the P. oceanica gelatin nanoparticle formulation reduced the serum fasting blood glucose level significantly (p < 0.05) in addition to improving the insulin level, together with the elevation of glucose transporter 4 levels. Besides, multivariate/univariate analyses of the GC-MS metabolomic dataset revealed several dysregulated metabolites in diabetic rats, which were restored to normalized levels after treatment with the P. oceanica gelatin nanoparticle formulation. These metabolites mainly originate from the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids and carbohydrates, indicating that this type of delivery was more effective than the plain extract in regulating these altered metabolic processes. Overall, this study provides novel insight for the potential of P. oceanica butanol extract encapsulated in gelatin nanoparticles as a promising and effective antidiabetic therapy. The potential of P. oceanica butanol extract encapsulated in gelatin nanoparticles as a promising and effective antidiabetic therapy has been investigated via metabolomics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa M. Ammar
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department
- National Research Centre
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Heba A. Hassan
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department
- National Research Centre
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Mona A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
- National Research Centre
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | | | - Heba Elmotasem
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department
- National Research Centre
- Cairo, 12622
- Egypt
| | - Mohamed El Raey
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics
- National Research Center
- Cairo 12622
- Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser El Gendy
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research
- National Research Centre
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University
- Ben-Guerir 43150
- Morocco
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Mateos R, Pérez-Correa JR, Domínguez H. Bioactive Properties of Marine Phenolics. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E501. [PMID: 33007997 PMCID: PMC7601137 DOI: 10.3390/md18100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds from marine organisms are far less studied than those from terrestrial sources since their structural diversity and variability require powerful analytical tools. However, both their biological relevance and potential properties make them an attractive group deserving increasing scientific interest. The use of efficient extraction and, in some cases, purification techniques can provide novel bioactives useful for food, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical applications. The bioactivity of marine phenolics is the consequence of their enzyme inhibitory effect and antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, or anti-inflammatory activities. This review presents a survey of the major types of phenolic compounds found in marine sources, as well as their reputed effect in relation to the occurrence of dietary and lifestyle-related diseases, notably type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the influence of marine phenolics on gut microbiota and other pathologies is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mateos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago 7810000, Chile;
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- CINBIO, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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Malaspina P, Catellani E, Burlando B, Brignole D, Cornara L, Bazzicalupo M, Candiani S, Obino V, De Feo V, Caputo L, Giordani P. Depigmenting potential of lichen extracts evaluated by in vitro and in vivo tests. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9150. [PMID: 32461836 PMCID: PMC7233272 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin is the main pigment of human skin, playing the primary role of protection from ultraviolet radiation. Alteration of the melanin production may lead to hyperpigmentation diseases, with both aesthetic and health consequences. Thus, suppressors of melanogenesis are considered useful tools for medical and cosmetic treatments. A great interest is focused on natural sources, aimed at finding safe and quantitatively available depigmenting substances. Lichens are thought to be possible sources of this kind of compounds, as the occurrence of many phenolic molecules suggests possible effects on phenolase enzymes involved in melanin synthesis, like tyrosinase. In this work, we used four lichen species, Cetraria islandica Ach., Flavoparmelia caperata Hale, Letharia vulpina (L.) Hue, and Parmotrema perlatum (Hudson) M. Choisy, to obtain extracts in solvents of increasing polarity, viz. chloroform, chloroform-methanol, methanol, and water. Cell-free, tyrosinase inhibition experiments showed highest inhibition for L. vulpina methanol extract, followed by C. islandica chloroform-methanol one. Comparable results for depigmenting activities were observed by means of in vitro and in vivo systems, such as MeWo melanoma cells and zebrafish larvae. Our study provides first evidence of depigmenting effects of lichen extracts, from tyrosinase inhibition to cell and in vivo models, suggesting that L. vulpina and C. islandica extracts deserve to be further studied for developing skin-whitening products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Burlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Biophysics Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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The Marine Seagrass Halophila stipulacea as a Source of Bioactive Metabolites against Obesity and Biofouling. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020088. [PMID: 32013082 PMCID: PMC7074557 DOI: 10.3390/md18020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms, including seagrasses, are important sources of biologically active molecules for the treatment of human diseases. In this study, organic extracts of the marine seagrass Halophila stipulacea obtained by different polarities from leaves (L) and stems (S) (hexane [HL, HS], ethyl acetate [EL, ES], and methanol [ML, MS]) were tested for different bioactivities. The screening comprehended the cytotoxicity activity against cancer cell lines grown as a monolayer culture or as multicellular spheroids (cancer), glucose uptake in cells (diabetes), reduction of lipid content in fatty acid-overloaded liver cells (steatosis), and lipid-reducing activity in zebrafish larvae (obesity), as well as the antifouling activity against marine bacteria (microfouling) and mussel larval settlement (macrofouling). HL, EL, HS, and ES extracts showed statistically significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. The extracts did not have any significant effect on glucose uptake and on the reduction of lipids in liver cells. The EL and ML extracts reduced neutral lipid contents on the larvae of zebrafish with EC50 values of 2.2 µg/mL for EL and 1.2 µg/mL for ML. For the antifouling activity, the HS and ML extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) against the settlement of Mytilus galloprovincialis plantigrade larvae. The metabolite profiling using HR-LC-MS/MS and GNPS (The Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking) analyses identified a variety of known primary and secondary metabolites in the extracts, along with some unreported molecules. Various compounds were detected with known activities on cancer (polyphenols: Luteolin, apeginin, matairesinol), on metabolic diseases (polyphenols: cirsimarin, spiraeoside, 2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-ynyl acetate; amino acids: N-acetyl-L-tyrosine), or on antifouling (fatty acids: 13-decosenamide; cinnamic acids: 3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid, alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic), which could be, in part, responsible for the observed bioactivities. In summary, this study revealed that Halophila stipulacea is a rich source of metabolites with promising activities against obesity and biofouling and suggests that this seagrass could be useful for drug discovery in the future.
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Ecological Function of Phenolic Compounds from Mediterranean Fucoid Algae and Seagrasses: An Overview on the Genus Cystoseira sensu lato and Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity is undergoing rapid and worrying changes, partially driven by anthropogenic activities. Human impacts and climate change (e.g., increasing temperature and ocean acidification), which act at different spatial scales, represent the most serious threats to biodiversity and ecosystem structure and function. In the Mediterranean Sea, complex systems such as fucoid algae and seagrasses, characterized by a high associated biodiversity, are regularly exposed to natural and anthropogenic pressures. These systems, particularly sensitive to a variety of stressors, evolved several physiological and biochemical traits as a response to the different pressures which they are subjected to. For instance, they produce a huge quantity of secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, to adapt to different environmental stressors and to defend themselves from biological pressures. These natural products are receiving increasing attention due to their possible applications in a wide range of industrial sectors. In this paper we provide an overview on the ecological role of phenolic compounds from the genus Cystoseira sensu lato and Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, also highlighting their potential use as ecological biomarkers.
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Comparison of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Soluplus Micelles to Optimize the Bioactivity of Posidonia oceanica Extract on Human Neuroblastoma Cell Migration. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11120655. [PMID: 31817615 PMCID: PMC6955792 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11120655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is a marine plant endemic of Mediterranean Sea endowed with interesting bioactivities. The hydroalcholic extract of P. oceanica leaves (POE), rich in polyphenols and carbohydrates, has been shown to inhibit human cancer cell migration. Neuroblastoma is a common childhood extracranial solid tumor with high rate of invasiveness. Novel therapeutics loaded into nanocarriers may be used to target the migratory and metastatic ability of neuroblastoma. Our goal was to improve both the aqueous solubility of POE and its inhibitory effect on cancer cell migration. Methods: Chitosan nanoparticles (NP) and Soluplus polymeric micelles (PM) loaded with POE have been developed. Nanoformulations were chemically and physically defined and characterized. In vitro release studies were also performed. Finally, the inhibitory effect of both nanoformulations was tested on SH-SY5Y cell migration by wound healing assay and compared to that of unformulated POE. Results: Both nanoformulations showed excellent physical and chemical stability during storage, and enhanced the solubility of POE. PM-POE improved the inhibitory effect of POE on cell migration probably due to the high encapsulation efficiency and the prolonged release of the extract. Conclusions: For the first time, a phytocomplex of marine origin, i.e., P. oceanica extract, has enhanced in terms of acqueous solubility and bioactivity once encapsulated inside nanomicelles.
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Benito-González I, López-Rubio A, Martínez-Abad A, Ballester AR, Falcó I, González-Candelas L, Sánchez G, Lozano-Sánchez J, Borrás-Linares I, Segura-Carretero A, Martínez-Sanz M. In-Depth Characterization of Bioactive Extracts from Posidonia oceanica Waste Biomass. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E409. [PMID: 31324025 PMCID: PMC6669500 DOI: 10.3390/md17070409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Posidonia oceanica waste biomass has been valorised to produce extracts by means of different methodologies and their bioactive properties have been evaluated. Water-based extracts were produced using ultrasound-assisted and hot water methods and classified according to their ethanol-affinity (E1: ethanol soluble; E2: non-soluble). Moreover, a conventional protocol with organic solvents was applied, yielding E3 extracts. Compositional and structural characterization confirmed that while E1 and E3 extracts were mainly composed of minerals and lipids, respectively, E2 extracts were a mixture of minerals, proteins and carbohydrates. All the extracts showed remarkably high antioxidant capacity, which was not only related to phenolic compounds but also to the presence of proteins and polysaccharides. All E2 and E3 extracts inhibited the growth of several foodborne fungi, while only E3 extracts decreased substantially the infectivity of feline calicivirus and murine norovirus. These results show the potential of P. oceanica waste biomass for the production of bioactive extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Benito-González
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo López-Rubio
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Abad
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana-Rosa Ballester
- Food Biotechnology Department, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Falcó
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
- Microbiology and Ecology Department, University of Valencia. Avda. Dr. Moliner, 50. Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis González-Candelas
- Food Biotechnology Department, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Sánchez
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Center of Research and Development of Functional Food. Health Science Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Granada, Campus Universitario s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Borrás-Linares
- Center of Research and Development of Functional Food. Health Science Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Center of Research and Development of Functional Food. Health Science Technological Park, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Sanz
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, IATA-CSIC, Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain.
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The Bisindole Alkaloid Caulerpin, from Seaweeds of the Genus Caulerpa, Attenuated Colon Damage in Murine Colitis Model. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090318. [PMID: 30205459 PMCID: PMC6163434 DOI: 10.3390/md16090318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Caulerpin (CLP), an alkaloid from algae of the genus Caulerpa, has shown anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of CLP in the murine model of peritonitis and ulcerative colitis. Firstly, the mice were submitted to peritonitis to evaluate which dose of CLP (40, 4, or 0.4 mg/kg) could decrease the inflammatory infiltration in the peritoneum. The most effective doses were 40 and 4 mg/kg. Then, C57BL/6 mice were submitted to colitis development with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and treated with CLP at doses of 40 and 4 mg/kg. The disease development was analyzed through the disease activity index (DAI); furthermore, colonic tissue samples were submitted to histological analysis, NFκB determination, and in vitro culture for cytokines assay. Therefore, CLP at 4 mg/kg presented the best results, triggering improvement of DAI and attenuating the colon shortening and damage. This dose was able to reduce the TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, and NFκB p65 levels, and increased the levels of IL-10 in the colon tissue. Thus, CLP mice treatment at a dose of 4 mg/kg showed promising results in ameliorating the damage observed in the ulcerative colitis.
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Leri M, Ramazzotti M, Vasarri M, Peri S, Barletta E, Pretti C, Degl'Innocenti D. Bioactive Compounds from Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile Impair Malignant Cell Migration through Autophagy Modulation. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16040137. [PMID: 29690502 PMCID: PMC5923424 DOI: 10.3390/md16040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is a marine plant with interesting biological properties potentially ascribed to the synergistic combination of bioactive compounds. Our previously described extract, obtained from the leaves of P. oceanica, showed the ability to impair HT1080 cell migration by targeting both expression and activity of gelatinases. Commonly, the lack of knowledge about the mechanism of action of phytocomplexes may be an obstacle regarding their therapeutic use and development. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the molecular signaling through which such bioactive compounds impact on malignant cell migration and gelatinolytic activity. The increase in autophagic vacuoles detected by confocal microscopy suggested an enhancement of autophagy in a time and dose dependent manner. This autophagy activation was further confirmed by monitoring pivotal markers of autophagy signaling as well as by evidencing an increase in IGF-1R accumulation on cell membranes. Taken together, our results confirm that the P. oceanica phytocomplex is a promising reservoir of potent and cell safe molecules able to defend against malignancies and other diseases in which gelatinases play a major role in progression. In conclusion, the attractive properties of this phytocomplex may be of industrial interest in regard to the development of novel health-promoting and pharmacological products for the treatment or prevention of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Leri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Marzia Vasarri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Sara Peri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Barletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Pisa, viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata "G. Bacci", Viale N. Sauro, 4, 57128 Livorno, Italy.
| | - Donatella Degl'Innocenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
- Centro Interuniversitario di Biologia Marina ed Ecologia Applicata "G. Bacci", Viale N. Sauro, 4, 57128 Livorno, Italy.
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