1
|
Nhamoyebonde S, Chambers M, Ndlovu L, Karim F, Mazibuko M, Mhlane Z, Madziwa L, Moosa Y, Moodley S, Hoque M, Leslie A. Detailed phenotyping reveals diverse and highly skewed neutrophil subsets in both the blood and airways during active tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1422836. [PMID: 38947330 PMCID: PMC11212598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1422836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophils play a complex and important role in the immunopathology of TB. Data suggest they are protective during early infection but become a main driver of immunopathology if infection progresses to active disease. Neutrophils are now recognized to exist in functionally diverse states, but little work has been done on how neutrophil states or subsets are skewed in TB disease. Methods To address this, we carried out comprehensive phenotyping by flow cytometry of neutrophils in the blood and airways of individuals with active pulmonary TB with and without HIV co-infection recruited in Durban, South Africa. Results Active TB was associated with a profound skewing of neutrophils in the blood toward phenotypes associated with activation and apoptosis, reduced phagocytosis, reverse transmigration, and immune regulation. This skewing was also apparently in airway neutrophils, particularly the regulatory subsets expressing PDL-1 and LOX-1. HIV co-infection did not impact neutrophil subsets in the blood but was associated with a phenotypic change in the airways and a reduction in key neutrophil functional proteins cathelicidin and arginase 1. Discussion Active TB is associated with profound skewing of blood and airway neutrophils and suggests multiple mechanisms by which neutrophils may exacerbate the immunopathology of TB. These data indicate potential avenues for reducing neutrophil-mediated lung pathology at the point of diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Chambers
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lerato Ndlovu
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Farina Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Zoey Mhlane
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Yunus Moosa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Monjurul Hoque
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang W, Fu G, Wang Y, Chen C, Luo Y, Yan Q, Liu Y, Mao C. Immunometabolic reprogramming of macrophages with inhalable CRISPR/Cas9 nanotherapeutics for acute lung injury intervention. Acta Biomater 2024; 181:308-316. [PMID: 38570107 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) represents a critical respiratory condition typified by rapid-onset lung inflammation, contributing to elevated morbidity and mortality rates. Central to ALI pathogenesis lies macrophage dysfunction, characterized by an overabundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a shift in metabolic activity towards glycolysis. This study emphasizes the crucial function of glucose metabolism in immune cell function under inflammatory conditions and identifies hexokinase 2 (HK2) as a key regulator of macrophage metabolism and inflammation. Given the limitations of HK2 inhibitors, we propose the CRISPR/Cas9 system for precise HK2 downregulation. We developed an aerosolized core-shell liposomal nanoplatform (CSNs) complexed with CaP for efficient drug loading, targeting lung macrophages. Various CSNs were synthesized to encapsulate an mRNA based CRISPR/Cas9 system (mCas9/gHK2), and their gene editing efficiency and HK2 knockout were examined at both gene and protein levels in vitro and in vivo. The CSN-mCas9/gHK2 treatment demonstrated a significant reduction in glycolysis and inflammation in macrophages. In an LPS-induced ALI mouse model, inhaled CSN-mCas9/gHK2 mitigated the proinflammatory tumor microenvironment and reprogrammed glucose metabolism in the lung, suggesting a promising strategy for ALI prevention and treatment. This study highlights the potential of combining CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing with inhalation delivery systems for effective, localized pulmonary disease treatment, underscoring the importance of targeted gene modulation and metabolic reprogramming in managing ALI. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study investigates an inhalable CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system targeting pulmonary macrophages, with the aim of modulating glucose metabolism to alleviate Acute Lung Injury (ALI). The research highlights the role of immune cell metabolism in inflammation, as evidenced by changes in macrophage glucose metabolism and a notable reduction in pulmonary edema and inflammation. Additionally, observed alterations in macrophage polarization and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid suggest potential therapeutic implications. These findings not only offer insights into possible ALI treatments but also contribute to the understanding of immune cell metabolism in inflammatory diseases, which could be relevant for various inflammatory and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, PR China
| | - Gaohong Fu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, PR China
| | - Yangeng Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, PR China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, PR China
| | - Yilan Luo
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, PR China
| | - Qiaoqiao Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Chengqiong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lapointe V, Couture F. Granulocyte pro-myeloperoxidase is redundantly processed by proprotein convertase furin and PC7 in HL-60 cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 102:275-284. [PMID: 38484367 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil myeloperoxidase/H2O2/chloride system is a key mechanism to control pathogen infection. This enzyme, myeloperoxidase, plays a pivotal role in the arsenal of azurophilic granules that are released through degranulation upon neutrophil activation, which trigger local hypochlorous acid production. Myeloperoxidase gene encodes a protein precursor named promyeloperoxidase that arbors a propeptide that gets cleaved later during secretory routing in post-endoplasmic reticulum compartments. Although evidence suggested that this processing event was performed by one or different enzymes from the proprotein convertases family, the identity of this enzyme was never investigated. In this work, the naturally producing myeloperoxidase promyelocytic cell line HL-60 was used to investigate promyeloperoxidase cleavage during granulocytic differentiation in response to proprotein convertase inhibitors decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone and hexa-d-arginine. Stable PC knockdown of endogenously expressed proprotein convertases, furin and PC7, was achieved using lentiviral delivery of shRNAs. None of the knockdown cell line could reproduce the effect of the pan-proprotein convertases inhibitor decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone that accumulated intracellular promyeloperoxidase stores in HL-60 cells, therefore illustrating that both furin and PC7 redundantly process this proprotein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédéric Couture
- TransBIOTech, Lévis, QC G6V 6Z3, Canada
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1K 7P4, Canada
- Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux de Chaudière-Appalaches, Lévis, QC G6E 3E2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ben Rejeb S, Beltaifa D, Ben Romdhane Y, Bellil K. Immunohistochemical analysis of myeloperoxidase expression in cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2024; 45:112-121. [PMID: 38258442 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2304836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a pro-oxidant enzyme mainly found in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils. It not only displays a key role in the intracellular microbial killing process but also contributes to the extracellular clearance of several pathogens. This study aimed to detect MPO in cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) using immunohistochemistry. We retrospectively collected 22 confirmed cases of skin LCV diagnosed in our pathology department over 11 years (2012-2023). Immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-myeloperoxidase antibody (Leica clone 59A5) on the LeicaBond MAX automated system, following manufacturer's instructions. Two pathologists assessed immunohistochemical staining, scoring intensity as weak (+), moderate (++), or strong (+++). Patients' mean age was 56.9 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.18. Pathologically, vasculitis involved small blood vessels in all cases. Immunohistochemical analysis showed granular positive MPO staining in 59.1% of cases. Staining intensity was weak in 46.15%, moderate in 46.15%, and strong in 7.69%. Staining was patchy in 84.62% and diffuse in 15.38% of cases. MPO expression, detected in 59.1% of cutaneous LCV tissues, exhibited a patchy and peri-vascular distribution. It holds potential as a diagnostic marker for patients with early or minor histological changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Ben Rejeb
- Pathology Department, Security Forces Hospital, Marsa, Tunisie
| | - Dorsaf Beltaifa
- Pathology Department, Security Forces Hospital, Marsa, Tunisie
| | | | - Khadija Bellil
- Pathology Department, Security Forces Hospital, Marsa, Tunisie
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu LY, Chai YL, Cheah IK, Chia RSL, Hilal S, Arumugam TV, Chen CP, Lai MKP. Blood-based biomarkers of cerebral small vessel disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102247. [PMID: 38417710 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Age-associated cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a clinically heterogenous condition, arising from diverse microvascular mechanisms. These lead to chronic cerebrovascular dysfunction and carry a substantial risk of subsequent stroke and vascular cognitive impairment in aging populations. Owing to advances in neuroimaging, in vivo visualization of cerebral vasculature abnormities and detection of CSVD, including lacunes, microinfarcts, microbleeds and white matter lesions, is now possible, but remains a resource-, skills- and time-intensive approach. As a result, there has been a recent proliferation of blood-based biomarker studies for CSVD aimed at developing accessible screening tools for early detection and risk stratification. However, a good understanding of the pathophysiological processes underpinning CSVD is needed to identify and assess clinically useful biomarkers. Here, we provide an overview of processes associated with CSVD pathogenesis, including endothelial injury and dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, perivascular neuronal damage as well as cardiovascular dysfunction. Then, we review clinical studies of the key biomolecules involved in the aforementioned processes. Lastly, we outline future trends and directions for CSVD biomarker discovery and clinical validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yun Wu
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Irwin K Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel S L Chia
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Manoj KM. Murburn posttranslational modifications of proteins: Cellular redox processes and murzyme-mediated metabolo-proteomics. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e30954. [PMID: 36716112 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Murburn concept constitutes the thesis that diffusible reactive species or DRS are obligatorily involved in routine metabolic and physiological activities. Murzymes are defined as biomolecules/proteins that generate/modulate/sustain/utilize DRS. Murburn posttranslational modifications (PTMs) result because murburn/murzyme functionalism is integral to cellular existence. Cells must incorporate the inherently stochastic nature of operations mediated by DRS. Due to the earlier/inertial stigmatic perception that DRS are mere agents of chaos, several such outcomes were either understood as deterministic modulations sponsored by house-keeping enzymes or deemed as unregulated nonenzymatic events resulting out of "oxidative stress". In the current review, I dispel the myths around DRS-functions, and undertake systematic parsing and analyses of murburn modifications of proteins. Although it is impossible to demarcate all PTMs into the classical or murburn modalities, telltale signs of the latter are evident from the relative inaccessibility of the locus, non-specificities and mechanistic details. It is pointed out that while many murburn PTMs may be harmless, some others could have deleterious or beneficial physiological implications. Some details of reversible/irreversible modifications of amino acid residues and cofactors that may be subjected to phosphorylation, halogenation, glycosylation, alkylation/acetylation, hydroxylation/oxidation, etc. are listed, along with citations of select proteins where such modifications have been reported. The contexts of these modifications and their significance in (patho)physiology/aging and therapy are also presented. With more balanced explorations and statistically verified data, a definitive understanding of normal versus pathological contexts of murburn modifications would be obtainable in the future.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mohamed SA, Mahmoud HE, Embaby AM, Haroun M, Sabra SA. Lactoferrin/pectin nanocomplex encapsulating ciprofloxacin and naringin as a lung targeting antibacterial nanoplatform with oxidative stress alleviating effect. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129842. [PMID: 38309386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium with adaptive metabolic abilities. It can cause hospital-acquired infections with significant mortality rates, particularly in people with already existing medical conditions. Its ability to develop resistance to common antibiotics makes managing this type of infections very challenging. Furthermore, oxidative stress is a common consequence of bacterial infection and antibiotic therapy, due to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during their mode of action. In this study we aimed to alleviate oxidative stress and enhance the antibacterial efficacy of ciprofloxacin (CPR) antibiotic by its co-encapsulation with naringin (NAR) within a polyelectrolyte complex (PEX). The PEX comprised of polycationic lactoferrin (LF) and polyanionic pectin (PEC). CPR/NAR-loaded PEX exhibited spherical shape with particle size of 237 ± 3.5 nm, negatively charged zeta potential (-23 ± 2.2 mV) and EE% of 61.2 ± 4.9 for CPR and 76.2 ± 3.4 % for NAR. The LF/PEC complex showed prolonged sequential release profile of CPR to limit bacterial expansion, followed by slow liberation of NAR, which mitigates excess ROS produced by CPR's mechanism of action without affecting its efficacy. Interestingly, this PEX demonstrated good hemocompatibility with no significant in vivo toxicity regarding hepatic and renal functions. In addition, infected mice administrated this nanoplatform intravenously exhibited significant CFU reduction in the lungs and kidneys, along with reduced immunoreactivity against myeloperoxidase. Moreover, this PEX was found to reduce the lungs´ oxidative stress via increasing both glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels while lowering malondialdehyde (MDA). In conclusion, CPR/NAR-loaded PEX can offer a promising targeted lung delivery strategy while enhancing the therapeutic outcomes of CPR with reduced oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa A Mohamed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Amira M Embaby
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Medhat Haroun
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Sally A Sabra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Movaffaghbani B, Esmaeili Gouvarchinghaleh H, Farzanehpour M, Shayegh J. Therapeutic Effects of Tretinoin and Caffeine-Treated Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell on Immunological Features of Ulcerative Colitis: An Animal Model Study. Adv Biomed Res 2024; 13:19. [PMID: 38525396 PMCID: PMC10958723 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_173_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases. It causes irritation, inflammation, and ulcers in the digestive tract. UC is distinguished clinically by abdominal and rectal pain and intestinal secretion abnormalities. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy could be the underlying treatment for UC. This study aimed to compare the results of MSC therapy with tretinoin and caffeine in an animal model. Materials and Methods Sixty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six equal groups. Five groups were exposed to acetic acid-induced colitis, and one healthy negative control group was designed. The positive control group was UC-induced mouse model with no treatment. Besides, treatment groups were MSCs (n = 2×106) that received tretinoin and caffeine. The treatment group was given mesalazine orally. The decision to begin treatment was taken after monitoring the symptoms of the UC. Results MSCs, tretinoin, and caffeine-treated MSCs significantly decrease inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and inflammatory mediators (myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide (NO)) compared with the positive control group. However, the alleviated effects of tretinoin-treated MSCs significantly were more than those of MSCs and caffeine-treated MSCs. Conclusion MSC therapy is an effective option for UC and can prevent disease progression. The results represented a high developmental rate and simple cell application of MSC therapy in UC patients. Also, MSC therapy's ability for immunomodulation is strengthened by drugs that improve their microenvironment by binding to their receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Movaffaghbani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
| | | | - Mahdieh Farzanehpour
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Shayegh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gimblet CJ, Ernst JW, Bos KD, Stroud AK, Donato AJ, Jalal DI, Pierce GL. Effect of acute heparin administration on glycocalyx thickness and endothelial function in healthy younger adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:330-336. [PMID: 38126088 PMCID: PMC11212829 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00767.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a dynamic, gel-like layer that is critical to normal vascular endothelial function. Heparin impairs the endothelial glycocalyx and reduces vascular endothelial function in a murine model; however, this has yet to be tested in healthy humans. We hypothesized that a single bolus dose of heparin would increase circulating glycocalyx components and decrease endothelial glycocalyx thickness resulting in blunted brachial artery vasodilation in healthy younger adults. Healthy adults (n = 19, aged 18-39 yr, 53% female) underwent measurements of the endothelial glycocalyx and vascular endothelial function at baseline and after a single bolus 5,000 U dose of heparin. The glycocalyx components syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate were measured from plasma samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Glycocalyx thickness was determined as perfused boundary region (PBR) in sublingual microvessels using the GlycoCheck. Endothelial function was measured via ultrasonography and quantified as brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Following acute heparin administration, there was no increase in syndecan-1 or heparan sulfate (P = 0.90 and P = 0.49, respectively). In addition, there was no change in PBR 4-7 µm (P = 0.55), PBR 10-25 µm (P = 0.63), or 4-25 µm (P = 0.49) after heparin treatment. Furthermore, we did not observe a change in FMDmm (P = 0.23), FMD% (P = 0.35), or plasma nitrite concentrations (P = 0.10) in response to heparin. Finally, time to peak dilation and peak FMD normalized to shear stress were unchanged following heparin (P = 0.59 and P = 0.21, respectively). Our pilot study suggests that a single bolus intravenous dose of heparin does not result in endothelial glycocalyx degradation or vascular endothelial dysfunction in healthy younger adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The endothelial glycocalyx's role in modulating vascular endothelial dysfunction with aging and disease is becoming increasingly recognized. This study presents novel findings that acute heparin administration is not a feasible method to experimentally degrade the endothelial glycocalyx and measure concurrent changes in vascular endothelial function in healthy humans. Alternative approaches will be needed to translate findings from preclinical studies and test the effects of acute endothelial glycocalyx degradation on vascular endothelial function in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Gimblet
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Jackson W Ernst
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Kyle D Bos
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Amy K Stroud
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Diana I Jalal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Center for Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Gary L Pierce
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rezaei Z, Momtaz S, Gharazi P, Rahimifard M, Baeeri M, Abdollahi AR, Abdollahi M, Niknejad A, Khayatan D, Farzaei MH, Abdolghaffari AH. Cinnamic Acid Ameliorates Acetic Acid-induced Inflammatory Response through Inhibition of TLR-4 in Colitis Rat Model. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2024; 23:21-30. [PMID: 38361356 DOI: 10.2174/0118715230278980231212103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamic acid, an active compound in cinnamon spp., has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics and is favorable in managing inflammatory bowel diseases. OBJECTIVES Evaluate cinnamic acid's effects on colitis in rats. METHODS To induce colitis in experimental rats, excluding the sham group, a 4% intrarectal solution of acetic acid was administered. The rats were then given oral doses of cinnamic acid at 30, 45, and 90 mg/kg for two days. The animals were assessed for macroscopic and microscopic changes, and the levels of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured using Eliza kits. Additionally, real-time PCR was performed to examine the gene level of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in the colon. RESULTS Effective reduction of inflammation in acetic acid-induced colitis was achieved through Cinnamic acid administration at doses of 45 and 90 mg/kg. The decrease was achieved by inhibiting the activities of TNF-α, IL-6, and MPO while downregulating the expression of TLR-4. It is important to note that macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were significant in determining the effectiveness of cinnamic acid in reducing inflammation. CONCLUSION Downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and TLR-4 expression may contribute to cinnamic acid's anti-inflammatory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, And Toxicology & Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Gharazi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, And Toxicology & Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, And Toxicology & Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, And Toxicology & Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Niknejad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Khayatan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sincan S, Sincan G, Aşkın S, Kızıltunç A. Evaluation of Serum Paraoxonase, Myeloperoxidase, and HDL-Cholesterol Levels in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Inflammation 2023; 46:2470-2476. [PMID: 37917329 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. While myeloperoxidase carries pro-oxidant effects, HDL-cholesterol and paraoxonase have antioxidant properties. Therefore, we evaluated serum paraoxonase, myeloperoxidase, and HDL-cholesterol levels in cases with acute myeloid leukemia. Myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase, and HDL-cholesterol levels in 40 acute myeloid leukemia patients and 18 healthy individuals were determined. The relationship between these parameters and other prognostic factors, as well as their association with response to chemotherapy, was investigated. Myeloperoxidase levels were higher, while paraoxonase and HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in acute myeloid leukemia cases compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.006, respectively). The myeloperoxidase level was significantly negatively correlated with paraoxonase and HDL-c levels (r = - 0.64, p < 0.001; r = - 0.27, p = 0.02, respectively). Paraoxonase level was positively correlated with HDL level (r = 0.34, p = 0.04). Lactate dehydrogenase level was negatively correlated with HDL-c and paraoxonase levels and positively correlated with myeloperoxidase level (r = - 0.37, p = 0.019; r = - 0.35, p = 0.04; r = 0.45, p = 0.03, respectively). Following complete remission induction treatment, cases with complete remission had lower myeloperoxidase levels and higher HDL-cholesterol and paraoxonase levels compared to other cases (p = 0.03, p = 0.01, p = 0.04, respectively). Myeloperoxidase levels are higher, while paraoxonase and HDL-cholesterol levels are lower in acute myeloid leukemia cases. The obtained findings emphasize the potential importance of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. These parameters can be used as biomarkers for prognosis prediction and prediction of response to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suat Sincan
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gülden Sincan
- Department of Hematology, Medical School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Seda Aşkın
- Ataturk University Vocational School of Health Services, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kızıltunç
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Aykac K, Ozsurekci Y, Tanir Basaranoglu S, Demir OO, Avcioglu G, Erel O, Ceyhan M. Oxidant and antioxidant balance in children with bacteremia. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2023; 75:876-883. [PMID: 32881474 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.20.05748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a crucial balance between oxidant and antioxidant defense mechanisms. We aimed to evaluate the role of the balance of these systems in children with bloodstream infection. METHODS We analyzed prospectively oxidant and antioxidant stress parameters from serum samples of children with BSI besides demographic and clinical data of children. Serum levels of the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), albumin, plasma thiol, disulphide, catalase (CAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels, ferroxidase and arylesterase (ARES) activity were evaluated in both patients and healthy controls. RESULTS A total of 113 children were evaluated, 50 of them had bacteremia and the remaining 63 were healthy subjects. The median TOS values were 18.5 µmol H2O2/L and 13.1 µmol H2O2/L in patient and control groups, respectively with a statistically significant difference between groups. The mean serum IMA levels were 0.8±0.1 absorbance unit (ABSU) in patients and 0.5±0.09 ABSU in control, the difference between groups was statistically significant. The native thiol, total thiol levels and the disulphide levels were significantly lower in the patient group as compared with the control group. The myeloperoxidase level was 136 U/L in patients and 107 in controls with a statistically significant difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS TOS, IMA, MPO, and particularly plasma thiols seem good candidates for accurate diagnosis of bacteremia in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Aykac
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Ozsurekci
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye -
| | - Sevgen Tanir Basaranoglu
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Osman O Demir
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Gamze Avcioglu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Ceyhan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Awonuga AO, Camp OG, Abu-Soud HM. A review of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in typical ovulatory women and in the pathogenesis of ovulatory dysfunction in PCOS. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21:111. [PMID: 37996893 PMCID: PMC10666387 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous functional endocrine disorder associated with a low-grade, chronic inflammatory state. Patients with PCOS present an increased risk of metabolic comorbidities and often menstrual dysregulation and infertility due to anovulation and/or poor oocyte quality. Multiple mechanisms including oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation are believed to be responsible for oocyte deterioration; however, the influence of nitric oxide (NO) insufficiency in oocyte quality and ovulatory dysfunction in PCOS is still a matter for debate. Higher production of superoxide (O2•-) mediated DNA damage and impaired antioxidant defense have been implicated as contributory factors for the development of PCOS, with reported alteration in superoxide dismutase (SOD) function, an imbalanced zinc/copper ratio, and increased catalase activity. These events may result in decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation with increased lipid peroxidation events. A decrease in NO, potentially due to increased activity of NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and imbalance in the distribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as decreased H2O2 and increased O2•-, may offset the physiological processes surrounding follicular development, oocyte maturation, and ovulation contributing to the reproductive dysfunction in patients with PCOS. Thus, this proposal aims to evaluate the specific roles of NO, oxidative stress, ROS, and enzymatic and nonenzymatic elements in the pathogenesis of PCOS ovarian dysfunction, including oligo- anovulation and oocyte quality, with the intent to inspire better application of therapeutic options. The authors believe more consideration into the specific roles of oxidative stress, ROS, and enzymatic and nonenzymatic elements may allow for a more thorough understanding of PCOS. Future efforts elaborating on the role of NO in the preoptic nucleus to determine its influence on GnRH firing and follicle-stimulating hormone/Luteinizing hormone (FSH/LH) production with ovulation would be of benefit in PCOS. Consequently, treatment with an ADMA inhibitor or NO donor may prove beneficial to PCOS patients experiencing reproductive dysfunction and infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awoniyi O Awonuga
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock Detroit, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Olivia G Camp
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock Detroit, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Husam M Abu-Soud
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E. Hancock Detroit, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schiffer W, Pedersen LN, Lui M, Bergom C, Mitchell JD. Advances in Screening for Radiation-Associated Cardiotoxicity in Cancer Patients. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1589-1600. [PMID: 37796395 PMCID: PMC10682284 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Radiation is foundational to the treatment of cancer and improves overall survival. Yet, it is important to recognize the potential cardiovascular effects of radiation therapy and how to best minimize or manage them. Screening-both through imaging and with biomarkers-can potentially identify cardiovascular effects early, allowing for prompt initiation of treatment to mitigate late effects. RECENT FINDINGS Cardiac echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography, and measurements of troponin and natriuretic peptides serve as the initial screening tests of choice for RICD. Novel imaging applications, including positron emission tomography and specific MRI parameters, and biomarker testing, including myeloperoxidase, growth differentiation factor 15, galectin 3, micro-RNA, and metabolomics, hold promise for earlier detection and more specific characterization of RICD. Advances in imaging and novel applications of biomarkers have potential to identify subclinical RICD and may reveal opportunities for early intervention. Further research is needed to elucidate optimal imaging screening modalities, biomarkers, and surveillance strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Schiffer
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, CB 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Cardio-Oncology Center of Excellence, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lauren N Pedersen
- Cardio-Oncology Center of Excellence, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Lui
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, CB 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Cardio-Oncology Center of Excellence, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua D Mitchell
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, CB 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Cardio-Oncology Center of Excellence, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhat TA, Kalathil SG, Leigh N, Hutson A, Goniewicz ML, Thanavala YM. Do alternative tobacco products induce less adverse respiratory risk than cigarettes? Respir Res 2023; 24:261. [PMID: 37907902 PMCID: PMC10617138 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Due to the relatively short existence of alternative tobacco products, gaps exist in our current understanding of their long-term respiratory health effects. We therefore undertook the first-ever side-by-side comparison of the impact of chronic inhalation of aerosols emitted from electronic cigarettes (EC) and heated tobacco products (HTP), and combustible cigarettes (CC) smoke. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the potential differential effects of alternative tobacco products on lung inflammatory responses and efficacy of vaccination in comparison to CC. METHODS Mice were exposed to emissions from EC, HTP, CC, or air for 8 weeks. BAL and lung tissue were analyzed for markers of inflammation, lung damage, and oxidative stress. Another group was exposed for 12 weeks and vaccinated and challenged with a bacterial respiratory infection. Antibody titers in BAL and sera and pulmonary bacterial clearance were assessed. MAIN RESULTS EC- and HTP-aerosols significantly augmented lung immune cell infiltrates equivalent to that achieved following CC-exposure. HTP and CC significantly increased neutrophil numbers compared to EC. All products augmented numbers of B cells, T cells, and pro-inflammatory IL17A+ T cells in the lungs. Decreased lung antioxidant activity and lung epithelial and endothelial damage was induced by all products. EC and HTP differentially augmented inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the BAL. Generation of immunity following vaccination was impaired by EC and HTP but to a lesser extent than CC, with a CC > HTP > EC hierarchy of suppression of pulmonary bacterial clearance. CONCLUSIONS HTP and EC-aerosols induced a proinflammatory pulmonary microenvironment, lung damage, and suppressed efficacy of vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Bhat
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Suresh G Kalathil
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Noel Leigh
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alan Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin M Thanavala
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Street, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Harrell AG, Thom SR, Shields C. Dissolved gases from pressure changes in the lungs elicit an immune response in human peripheral blood. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.562856. [PMID: 37904988 PMCID: PMC10614899 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Conventional dogma suggests that decompression sickness (DCS) is caused by nitrogen bubble nucleation in the blood vessels and/or tissues; however, the abundance of bubbles does not correlate with DCS severity. Since immune cells respond to chemical and environmental cues, we hypothesized that the elevated partial pressures of dissolved gases drive aberrant immune cell phenotypes in the alveolar vasculature. To test this hypothesis, we measured immune responses within human lung-on-a-chip devices established with primary alveolar cells and microvascular cells. Devices were pressurized to 1.0 or 3.5 atm and surrounded by normal alveolar air or oxygen-reduced air. Phenotyping of neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells as well as multiplexed ELISA revealed that immune responses occur within 1 hour and that normal alveolar air (i.e., hyperbaric oxygen and nitrogen) confer greater immune activation. This work strongly suggests innate immune cell reactions initiated at elevated partial pressures contribute to the etiology of DCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G. Harrell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - Stephen R. Thom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - C.Wyatt Shields
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO 80303, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Javali PS, Sekar M, Kumar A, Thirumurugan K. Dynamics of redox signaling in aging via autophagy, inflammation, and senescence. Biogerontology 2023; 24:663-678. [PMID: 37195483 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Review paper attempts to explain the dynamic aspects of redox signaling in aging through autophagy, inflammation, and senescence. It begins with ROS source in the cell, then states redox signaling in autophagy, and regulation of autophagy in aging. Next, we discuss inflammation and redox signaling with various pathways involved: NOX pathway, ROS production via TNF-α, IL-1β, xanthine oxidase pathway, COX pathway, and myeloperoxidase pathway. Also, we emphasize oxidative damage as an aging marker and the contribution of pathophysiological factors to aging. In senescence-associated secretory phenotypes, we link ROS with senescence, aging disorders. Relevant crosstalk between autophagy, inflammation, and senescence using a balanced ROS level might reduce age-related disorders. Transducing the context-dependent signal communication among these three processes at high spatiotemporal resolution demands other tools like multi-omics aging biomarkers, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. The bewildering advancement of technology in the above areas might progress age-related disorders diagnostics with precision and accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth S Javali
- #412J, Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Mouliganesh Sekar
- #412J, Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- #412J, Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- #412J, Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bhat TA, Kalathil SG, Goniewicz ML, Hutson A, Thanavala Y. Not all vaping is the same: differential pulmonary effects of vaping cannabidiol versus nicotine. Thorax 2023; 78:922-932. [PMID: 36823163 PMCID: PMC10447384 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-218743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Vaping has become a popular method of inhaling various psychoactive substances. While evaluating respiratory effects of vaping have primarily focused on nicotine-containing products, cannabidiol (CBD)-vaping is increasingly becoming popular. It currently remains unknown whether the health effects of vaping nicotine and cannabinoids are similar. OBJECTIVES This study compares side by side the pulmonary effects of acute inhalation of vaporised CBD versus nicotine. METHODS In vivo inhalation study in mice and in vitro cytotoxicity experiments with human cells were performed to assess the pulmonary damage-inducing effects of CBD or nicotine aerosols emitted from vaping devices. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Pulmonary inflammation in mice was scored by histology, flow cytometry, and quantifying levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Lung damage was assessed by histology, measurement of myeloperoxidase activity and neutrophil elastase levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue. Lung epithelial/endothelial integrity was assessed by quantifying BAL protein levels, albumin leak and pulmonary FITC-dextran leak. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring the antioxidant potential in the BAL and lungs. The cytotoxic effects of CBD and nicotine aerosols on human neutrophils and human small airway epithelial cells were evaluated using in vitro air-liquid interface system. Inhalation of CBD aerosol resulted in greater inflammatory changes, more severe lung damage and higher oxidative stress compared with nicotine. CBD aerosol also showed higher toxicity to human cells compared with nicotine. CONCLUSIONS Vaping of CBD induces a potent inflammatory response and leads to more pathological changes associated with lung injury than vaping of nicotine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Bhat
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Suresh G Kalathil
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Alan Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yasmin Thanavala
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Teichenné J, Catalán Ú, Mariné-Casadó R, Domenech-Coca C, Mas-Capdevila A, Alcaide-Hidalgo JM, Chomiciute G, Rodríguez-García A, Hernández A, Gutierrez V, Puiggròs F, Del Bas JM, Caimari A. Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 (BC30) improves lactose digestion in rats exposed to a high-lactose meal. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2649-2659. [PMID: 37249602 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 (BC30) was previously shown to improve nutrient digestibility and amino acid absorption from milk protein in vitro. However, the effect of supplementation with this probiotic on lactose digestibility has not yet been evaluated in vivo. METHODS Wistar female rats were exposed to an acute high-lactose diet (LD; 35% lactose) meal challenge after 7 days of administration of BC30 (LD-BC; n = 10) or vehicle (LD-C; n = 10). Rats treated with vehicle and exposed to control diet (CD; 35% corn starch) meal were used as controls (CD-C; n = 10). Carbohydrate oxidation (CH_OX) and lipid oxidation (L_OX) were monitored by indirect calorimetry before and after lactose challenge. After the challenge, rats were treated daily with vehicle or probiotic for an additional week and were fed with CD or LD ad libitum to determine the effects of BC30 administration in a lactose-induced diarrhoea and malnutrition model. RESULTS LD-C rats showed lower CH_OX levels than CD rats, while LD-BC rats showed similar CH_OX levels compared to CD rats during the lactose challenge, suggesting a better digestion of lactose in the rats supplemented with BC30. BC30 completely reversed the increase in the small intestine length of LD-C animals. LD-BC rats displayed increased intestinal mRNA Muc2 expression. No significant changes were observed due to BC30 administration in other parameters, such as serum calprotectin, intestinal MPO activity, intestinal A1AT and SGLT1 levels or intestinal mRNA levels of Claudin2 and Occludin. CONCLUSION Treatment with BC30 improved the digestibility of lactose in an acute lactose challenge and ameliorated some of the parameters associated with lactose-induced malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Teichenné
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roger Mariné-Casadó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Domenech-Coca
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Mas-Capdevila
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan María Alcaide-Hidalgo
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gertruda Chomiciute
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Ana Hernández
- Delafruit SLU, 43470, La Selva del Camp, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Puiggròs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Costa KC, Cuelho CHF, Figueiredo SA, Vilela FMP, Fonseca MJV. Photochemoprevention of topical formulation containing purified fraction of Inga edulis leaves extract. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2105-2120. [PMID: 37261650 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural antioxidants have attracted attention for their therapeutic use as photochemopreventive agents. Inga edulis leaves extract and its purified fraction have high polyphenolic content and high antioxidant capacity. In addition, they presented UV photostability and low citotoxicity in fibroblast cells. In this context, this study first aimed at development of topical formulation containing purified fraction of I. edulis extract and the evaluation of skin penetration of the compounds. Moreover, the photoprotective/photochemopreventive potential of the formulation containing I. edulis purified fraction were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The topical formulation containing 1% of the purified fraction of I. edulis increased the endogenous antioxidant potential of the skin, and vicenin-2 and myricetin compounds were able to penetrate the epidermis and dermis. Additionally, the purified fraction (25 and 50 mg/mL) showed a photoprotective effect against UVA and UVB radiation in L929 fibroblast cells. In vivo studies have shown that the formulation added with purified fraction provided an anti-inflammatory effect on the skin of animals after UVB exposure, since it was observed a reduction in MPO activity, IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines, and CXCL1/KC chemokine concentrations. In conclusion, the purified fraction of I. edulis, rich in phenolic compounds, when incorporated in topical formulation, appears as an alternative to prevent skin damages induced by UV radiation, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karini Carvalho Costa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Helena Ferreira Cuelho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sônia Aparecida Figueiredo
- Department of Food and Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Maria José Vieira Fonseca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lund LH, Lam CS, Pizzato PE, Gabrielsen A, Michaëlsson E, Nelander K, Ericsson H, Holden J, Folkvaljon F, Mattsson A, Collén A, Aurell M, Whatling C, Baldus S, Drelich G, Goudev A, Merkely B, Bergh N, Shah SJ. Rationale and design of ENDEAVOR: A sequential phase 2b-3 randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of myeloperoxidase inhibition on symptoms and exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:1696-1707. [PMID: 37470101 PMCID: PMC10592288 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mitiperstat (formerly AZD4831) is a novel selective myeloperoxidase inhibitor. Currently, no effective therapies target comorbidity-induced systemic inflammation, which may be a key mechanism underlying heart failure with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF/HFmrEF). Circulating neutrophils secrete myeloperoxidase, causing oxidative stress, microvascular endothelial dysfunction, interstitial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte remodelling and diastolic dysfunction. Mitiperstat may therefore improve function of the heart and other organs, and ameliorate heart failure symptoms and exercise intolerance. ENDEAVOR is a combined, seamless phase 2b-3 study of the efficacy and safety of mitiperstat in patients with HFpEF/HFmrEF. METHODS In phase 2b, approximately 660 patients with heart failure and ejection fraction >40% are being randomized 1:1:1 to mitiperstat 2.5 mg, 5 mg or placebo for 48 weeks. Eligible patients have baseline 6-min walk distance (6MWD) of 30-400 m with a <50 m difference between screening and randomization and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score (KCCQ-TSS) ≤90 points at screening and randomization. The dual primary endpoints are change from baseline to week 16 in 6MWD and KCCQ-TSS. The sample size provides 85% power to detect placebo-adjusted improvements of 21 m in 6MWD and 6.0 points in KCCQ-TSS at overall two-sided alpha of 0.05. Safety is monitored throughout treatment, with a focus on maculopapular rash. In phase 3 of ENDEAVOR, approximately 820 patients will be randomized 1:1 to mitiperstat or placebo. CONCLUSION ENDEAVOR is the first phase 2b-3 study to evaluate whether myeloperoxidase inhibition can improve symptoms and exercise capacity in patients with HFpEF/HFmrEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars H. Lund
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, and Heart, Vascular and Neuro Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolyn S.P. Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patricia E. Pizzato
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Gabrielsen
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Michaëlsson
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Nelander
- Early Biometrics and Statistical Innovation, Data Science and AI, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Ericsson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julie Holden
- Patient Safety, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Folke Folkvaljon
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Mattsson
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism – Biometrics, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Collén
- Projects, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Aurell
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Clinical Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Whatling
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephan Baldus
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Assen Goudev
- Clinic of Cardiology, Tsaritsa Joanna University Hospital – ISUL, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Niklas Bergh
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanjiv J. Shah
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chuenwipasakul D, Washrawirul C, Panpruk R, Wititsuwannakul J, Charoenchaipiyakul K, Buranapraditkun S, Puangsricharern V, Klaewsongkram J, Rerknimitr P. Correlations between histopathologic findings, serum biomarker levels, and clinical outcomes in Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). Sci Rep 2023; 13:13620. [PMID: 37604858 PMCID: PMC10442337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe dermatological emergencies. The role of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis, progression of the disease, and histopathologic features is not fully elucidated. To address this gap, we conducted a retrospective study examining the associations between 42 serum biomarkers, histopathologic findings, and clinical outcomes in SJS/TEN patients. We reviewed the medical records of 23 patients diagnosed with SJS/TEN. Regarding histopathology, our study did not reveal any significant associations between the degree of epidermal necrosis, dermal mononuclear cell infiltration, and clinical outcomes. However, an intriguing observation was made regarding the degree of dermal infiltration of CD8 + cells, which showed a negative correlation with the severity of acute ocular complications. Notably, serum levels of IFN-γ positively correlated with the number of CD8 + cells in dermal infiltration. Additionally, higher serum levels of myeloperoxidase were associated with greater degrees of epidermal necrosis, while serum Fas ligand and stem cell factor levels were elevated in individuals with increased dermal mononuclear cell infiltration. Furthermore, the levels of S100A8/A9 were significantly correlated with the SCORTEN and mortality rate. These findings provide insights into the intricate pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donlaporn Chuenwipasakul
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Chonburi Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Chanudda Washrawirul
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rawiphan Panpruk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Cornea and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jade Wititsuwannakul
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kridipop Charoenchaipiyakul
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vilavun Puangsricharern
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Cornea and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jettanong Klaewsongkram
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Rerknimitr
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.
- The Skin and Allergy Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang Q, Wang Z, Song J, Xu K, Tian W, Cai X, Mo J, Cao Y, Xiao J. Homogalacturonan enriched pectin based hydrogel enhances 6-gingerol's colitis alleviation effect via NF-κB/NLRP3 axis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125282. [PMID: 37331544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
A nanolipidcarrier (NLC) loaded homogalacturonan enriched pectin (citrus modified pectin, MCP4) hydrogel was designed as a novel colon inflammation site-specific oral delivery system for 6-gingerol (6G) (6G-NLC/MCP4 hydrogel) administration, and its colitis alleviation effect were investigated. 6G-NLC/MCP4 exhibited typical "cage-like" ultrastructure with 6G-NLC embedded in the hydrogel matrix as observed by cryoscanning electron microscope. And due to the homogalacturonan (HG) domain in MCP4 specifically combined with Galectin-3, which is overexpressed in the inflammatory region, the 6G-NLC/MCP4 hydrogel targeted to severe inflammatory region. Meanwhile, the prolonged-release characteristics of 6G-NLC provided sustained release of 6G in severe inflammatory regions. The matrix of hydrogel MCP4 and 6G achieved synergistic alleviation effects for colitis through NF-κB/NLRP3 axis. Specifically, 6G mainly regulated the NF-κB inflammatory pathway and inhibited the activity of NLRP3 protein, while MCP4 regulated the expression of Galectin-3 and peripheral clock gene Rev-Erbα/β to prevent the activation of inflammasome NLRP3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Zhaomei Wang
- School of Food Science & Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510640, China
| | - Jun Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kangjie Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Wenni Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Xu Cai
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jiamei Mo
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Watling SE, Rhind SG, Warsh J, Green D, McCluskey T, Tong J, Truong P, Chavez S, Richardson JD, Kish SJ, Boileau I. Exploring brain glutathione and peripheral blood markers in posttraumatic stress disorder: a combined [1H]MRS and peripheral blood study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1195012. [PMID: 37333909 PMCID: PMC10272391 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1195012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress has been implicated in psychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Currently, the status of glutathione (GSH), the brain's most abundant antioxidant, in PTSD remains uncertain. Therefore, the current study investigated brain concentrations of GSH and peripheral concentrations of blood markers in individuals with PTSD vs. Healthy Controls (HC). Methods GSH spectra was acquired in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using MEGA-PRESS, a J-difference-editing acquisition method. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed for concentrations of metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP)-1,2, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Results There was no difference in GSH between PTSD and HC in the ACC (n = 30 PTSD, n = 20 HC) or DLPFC (n = 14 PTSD, n = 18 HC). There were no group differences between peripheral blood markers (P > 0.3) except for (non-significantly) lower TIMP-2 in PTSD. Additionally, TIMP-2 and GSH in the ACC were positively related in those with PTSD. Finally, MPO and MMP-9 were negatively associated with duration of PTSD. Conclusions We do not report altered GSH concentrations in the ACC or DLPFC in PTSD, however, systemic MMPs and MPO might be implicated in central processes and progression of PTSD. Future research should investigate these relationships in larger sample sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Watling
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn G. Rhind
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jerry Warsh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Duncan Green
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina McCluskey
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Truong
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J. Don Richardson
- The MacDonald Franklin Operational Stress Injury (OSI) Research Centre, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- St. Joseph's London Operational Stress Injury (OSI), Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Kish
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang H, Wang J, Hussain SA, Gangireddygari VSR, Fan Y. Gossypin exert lipopolysaccharide induced lung inflammation via alteration of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37148149 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a critical medical condition that induces the injury into the lung tissue, resulting in decreased the oxygen levels in the circulation and finally causes the respiratory failure. In this study, we try to made effort for scrutinized the preventive effect of gossypin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced lung inflammation and explore the underlying mechanism. LPS (7.5 mg/kg) was used for induction the lung inflammation in the rats and rats were received the oral administration of gossypin (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg). The wet to dry weight lung ratio and lung index were estimated. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to determination the inflammatory cells, total protein, macrophages and neutrophils. ELISA kits were used for the estimation of antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory parameters, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) parameters. Finally, we used the lung tissue for scrutinize the alteration in the lung histopathology. Gossypin treatment significantly (p < .001) reduced the W/D ratio of lung tissue and lung index. Gossypin significantly (p < .001) decreased the total cells, neutrophils, macrophages and total protein in BALF. It is also altered the level of inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant and inflammatory parameters, respectively. Gossypin improved the level of Nrf2 and HO-1 at dose dependent manner. Gossypin treatment remarkably enhance the ALI severity via balancing the structural integrity of lung tissue, decrease the thickness of the alveolar wall, decline the pulmonary interstitial edema, and number of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue. Gossypin is a promising agent for the treatment of LPS induced lung inflammation via altering Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaik Althaf Hussain
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkata Subba Reddy Gangireddygari
- Plant Virus Research, Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingying Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hanč P, Messou MA, Wang Y, von Andrian UH. Control of myeloid cell functions by nociceptors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127571. [PMID: 37006298 PMCID: PMC10064072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system has evolved to protect the host from infectious agents, parasites, and tumor growth, and to ensure the maintenance of homeostasis. Similarly, the primary function of the somatosensory branch of the peripheral nervous system is to collect and interpret sensory information about the environment, allowing the organism to react to or avoid situations that could otherwise have deleterious effects. Consequently, a teleological argument can be made that it is of advantage for the two systems to cooperate and form an “integrated defense system” that benefits from the unique strengths of both subsystems. Indeed, nociceptors, sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli and elicit the sensation of pain or itch, exhibit potent immunomodulatory capabilities. Depending on the context and the cellular identity of their communication partners, nociceptors can play both pro- or anti-inflammatory roles, promote tissue repair or aggravate inflammatory damage, improve resistance to pathogens or impair their clearance. In light of such variability, it is not surprising that the full extent of interactions between nociceptors and the immune system remains to be established. Nonetheless, the field of peripheral neuroimmunology is advancing at a rapid pace, and general rules that appear to govern the outcomes of such neuroimmune interactions are beginning to emerge. Thus, in this review, we summarize our current understanding of the interaction between nociceptors and, specifically, the myeloid cells of the innate immune system, while pointing out some of the outstanding questions and unresolved controversies in the field. We focus on such interactions within the densely innervated barrier tissues, which can serve as points of entry for infectious agents and, where known, highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Hanč
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pavel Hanč, ; Ulrich H. von Andrian,
| | - Marie-Angèle Messou
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yidi Wang
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pavel Hanč, ; Ulrich H. von Andrian,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jamshidi M, Walcarius A, Thangamuthu M, Mehrgardi M, Ranjbar A. Electrochemical approaches based on micro- and nanomaterials for diagnosing oxidative stress. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:117. [PMID: 36879086 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This review article comprehensively discusses the various electrochemical approaches for measuring and detecting oxidative stress biomarkers and enzymes, particularly reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, highly reactive chemical molecules, which are the byproducts of normal aerobic metabolism and can oxidize cellular components such as DNA, lipids, and proteins. First, we address the latest research on the electrochemical determination of reactive oxygen species generating enzymes, followed by detection of oxidative stress biomarkers, and final determination of total antioxidant activity (endogenous and exogenous). Most electrochemical sensing platforms exploited the unique properties of micro- and nanomaterials such as carbon nanomaterials, metal or metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), conductive polymers and metal-nano compounds, which have been mainly used for enhancing the electrocatalytic response of sensors/biosensors. The performance of the electroanalytical devices commonly measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in terms of detection limit, sensitivity, and linear range of detection is also discussed. This article provides a comprehensive review of electrode fabrication, characterization and evaluation of their performances, which are assisting to design and manufacture an appropriate electrochemical (bio)sensor for medical and clinical applications. The key points such as accessibility, affordability, rapidity, low cost, and high sensitivity of the electrochemical sensing devices are also highlighted for the diagnosis of oxidative stress. Overall, this review brings a timely discussion on past and current approaches for developing electrochemical sensors and biosensors mainly based on micro and nanomaterials for the diagnosis of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Jamshidi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alain Walcarius
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Microbiology for Materials and the Environment, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, Nancy, France
| | - Madasamy Thangamuthu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Masoud Mehrgardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Altan M, Yaman MO, Kervancıoğlu G, Kılıç A, Demirci EK, Bozdoğan Polat SH, Karadeniz Z, Güner I, Yelmen N, Şahin G. Aortic ischemia-reperfusion injury and potency of fluoxetine. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:301-307. [PMID: 36865048 PMCID: PMC9922374 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.65974.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Due to cross-clamping of the aorta during aortic aneurysm surgeries, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) develops, and it may cause damage to the aorta itself or even to remote organs by oxidative stress or inflammation. Fluoxetine (FLX) which might be used in the preoperative period for its tranquilizing effect also has antioxidant effects in short-term use. The purpose of our study is to examine whether FLX protects aorta tissue, against the damage caused by IR. Materials and Methods Three groups of Wistar rats were formed randomly. 1) Control group (sham-operated), 2) IR group (60 min ischemia+120 min perfusion), and 3) FLX+IR group (FLX dose was 20 mg/kg for 3 days IP before IR). At the end of each procedure, aorta samples were collected, and oxidant-antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic status of the aorta were evaluated. Histological examinations of the samples were provided. Results Levels of LOOH, MDA, ROS, TOS, MPO, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB, MMP-9, caspase-9, 8-OHdG, NO, and HA were found to be significantly increased in the IR group compared with control (P<0.05) and SOD, GSH, TAS, and IL-10 levels were significantly lower (P<0.05). FLX significantly decreased LOOH, MDA, ROS, TOS, MPO, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-kB, MMP-9, caspase-9, 8-OHdG, NO, and HA levels in the FLX+IR group compared with IR group (P<0.05) and increased IL-10, SOD, GSH, and TAS (P<0.05). FLX administration prevented the deterioration of aortic tissue damage. Conclusion Our study is the first study that demonstrates FLX-mediated suppression of IR injury in the infrarenal abdominal aorta by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Altan
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Onur Yaman
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Vocational School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülnaz Kervancıoğlu
- Istanbul Aydın University, Medical Faculty, Department of Histology & Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysu Kılıç
- Bezmialem University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Kervancıoğlu Demirci
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology & Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Zeliha Karadeniz
- Istanbul Aydın University, Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Güner
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Nermin Yelmen
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülderen Şahin
- Istanbul Aydın University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey,Corresponding author: Gülderen Şahin. Florya Yerleşkesi, Besyol Mah. Inonu Cad. No: 38, Sefakoy–Kuçukcekmece,Istanbul, Turkey. Tel: +90 532 393 21 18;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Akinluyi ET, Edem EE, Dakoru KM, Nnodim CJ, Oladipupo MA, Adeoluwa OA, Obisesan AO, Ben-Azu B, Adebayo OG. Psychobiotic interventions attenuate chronic alcohol use-mediated exacerbation of posttraumatic stress disorder in rats: the role of gut-liver axis response. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:92-105. [PMID: 36537043 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The incidence of co-occurring alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is high, and the presence of one disorder aggravates the severity of the other. Emerging evidence shows the neuroprotective and anti-inflammation functions of psychobiotics. Hence, the study explored the effects of probiotics and synbiotic inulin on the gut- and liver-oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in chronic alcohol exacerbation of PTSD symptoms in rats. METHODS Young adult rats were administered 10% ethanol in a two-bottle choice test for six weeks and were subjected to single prolonged stress. Probiotics and synbiotic intervention followed this. Markers of oxido-inflammatory stress, liver functions, intestinal (faecal) metabolites, occludin expression, and histopathology of the ileum and liver were evaluated. RESULTS Chronic alcohol drinking and PTSD increased oxido-inflammatory stress, markers of hepatic damage, and reduced faecal metabolites, which were attenuated by probiotic and synbiotic interventions. Furthermore, reduced immunoexpression of gut and liver occludin, with loss of barrier integrity, viable hepatocytes, congestive portal area, and shortened villi and crypt depth, were observed. Probiotic and synbiotic interventions mitigated these effects. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that psychobiotics mitigate the detrimental effects of co-occurring chronic alcohol intake in the context of PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Akinluyi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Edem E Edem
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Kelvin M Dakoru
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Chinaza J Nnodim
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Michael A Oladipupo
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun A Adeoluwa
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Abiola O Obisesan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun G Adebayo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Araujo JRDS, de Barros Arcoverde JV, de Farias Silva MG, Barros de Santana ER, da Silva PA, de Sousa S, Araujo, Santos N, de Almeida PM, de Andrade Lima CS, Benko-Iseppon AM, Aracati Padilha RJS, Alves M, Brasileiro-Vidal AC. Antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic properties of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C.Sm. leaf extract. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:104-112. [PMID: 34906022 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2011313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Amburana cearensis leaves have been used in folk medicine to treat respiratory diseases and inflammations. This study aimed to evaluate the biological potential of A. cearensis leaves by antioxidant and in vitro cytogenotoxic analyses of ethanolic crude extract (EE) and its fractions in healthy human cells. The EE was obtained by percolation, followed by fractionation using dichloromethane, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH) as organic solvents. Extract and all fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant potential by DPPH and reducing power tests. In vitro cytotoxic activity was determined in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by MTT assay for the extract, EtOAc and MeOH fractions. In turn, the genotoxic activity was determined in human lymphocytes by the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus assay only for the EtOAc fraction. Only EtOAc fraction was analyzed via gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry due to its higher biological activity. Considering the antioxidant potential, the EtOAc fraction was most effective in DPPH (EC50 43.37 µg/mL) and reducing power (EC50 89.80 µg/mL) assays. GC-MS analysis of the EtOAc fraction led to the identification of guaiacol, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, isovanillic acid methyl ester, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-(ethoxymethyl)-phenol. The EE (400-1000 µg/mL), EtOAc (≤150 µg/mL) and MeOH (50 and 150-600 µg/mL) fractions were not cytotoxic by MTT test. Additionally, the EtOAc fraction (100-400 µg/mL) did not induce significant genotoxic damage. Concentrations of the EtOAc fraction with antioxidant activity showed no cytotoxicity, nor genotoxicity potential, indicating them as a nontoxic natural antioxidant source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Araujo
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Neide Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marccus Alves
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Paulo RR, Galvão VE, da Silva GG, Porto LP, Tonossu JM, Gandolfi MB, Guimarães-Okamoto PTC, Takahira RK, Rahal SC, Melchert A. Myeloperoxidase enzyme and Ferric-reducing antioxidant power concentrations in lean and obese dogs. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:1007-1013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
32
|
Chen Q, Chen S, Dai Y, Wang X, Ding F, Zhang R, Shen W, Hu W, Lu L, Pan W. Serum MPO levels and activities are associated with angiographic coronary atherosclerotic plaque progression in type 2 diabetic patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:496. [PMID: 36404308 PMCID: PMC9677674 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uncontrolled production of MPO promotes inflammation, oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. Serum MPO levels are increased in patients with diabetes compared with patients without diabetes. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether the serum levels and activities of MPO are related to coronary plaque progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum MPO levels and activities were measured in 161 patients with diabetes with plaque progression (plaque progression group) and 87 patients with diabetes with no plaque progression (no plaque progression group). These patients were eligible based on the inclusion criteria and received quantitative coronary angiography at baseline and after approximately 1 year of follow-up. The characteristics and parameters of the participants at baseline were documented. RESULTS Serum MPO levels and activities were significantly higher in plaque progression group than in no plaque progression group (P < 0.001). We categorized these patients with diabetes into MPO level or activity tertile subgroups. Significant differences in the plaque progression ratio and prominent changes in the minimal lumen diameter, stenosis diameter and coronary artery stenosis score were observed across the tertile subgroups of MPO levels and activities (all P < 0.01). Moreover, serum MPO levels and activities correlated significantly with these indices of coronary artery disease severity after adjustment for other risk factors. Multivariable regression analyses revealed that serum MPO levels and activities remained independently associated with plaque progression, in addition to smoking, hypertension and CRP levels (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum MPO levels and activities are significantly associated with coronary atherosclerotic plaque progression in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujing Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Dai
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Ding
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Eachy Biopharma, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Province China
| | - Lin Lu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqi Pan
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai, 200025 China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Moghaddam SR, Mehrabani J, Berahman H, Elmieh A, Chafy MF. Leisure-time regular exercise and prevention of the side effects of immune system activity in middle-aged healthy subjects. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep220036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regular exercise is recommended to improve immune system function and antioxidant activity, while conversely, it may cause inflammation by increasing neutrophil-derived main enzyme, myeloperoxidase, which produces reactive oxygen species. The present study aimed to investigate changes in myeloperoxidase level, its influence on total oxidant status, and the capacity of the antioxidant defence system to counteract oxidative stress in middle-aged men participating in leisure-time regular exercise compared to untrained peer subjects. Twenty trained (age 53.58±2.94 years, body mass index (BMI) 25.47±1.6) and 17 untrained (age 54.17±2.83 years, BMI 27.83±1.12) healthy middle-aged men participated in this study [Rasht, Gilan, Iran]. Participants performed a modified Bruce treadmill test as a model of progressive exercise training. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after, and one hour after the end of the test. A mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test was used for the analysis of variables. A significant difference was observed in myeloperoxidase levels between groups, while the trained group showed a significantly lower concentration than the untrained group (P<0.018). This result was also consistent with the lower total oxidant status in this group (P<0.001). Total antioxidant capacity changed significantly in both groups with higher concentration in the trained group (P<0.001). The leisure-time regular exercise can reduce myeloperoxidase concentration and total oxidant status in healthy middle-aged men while increasing the total antioxidant capacity, which may potentially protect them from the side effects of immune system activity induced by exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S.R. Rahimi Moghaddam
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
| | - J. Mehrabani
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Guilan University, Rasht, Iran
| | - H. Berahman
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
| | - A. Elmieh
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
| | - M.R. Fadaei Chafy
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Amoafo EB, Entsie P, Albayati S, Dorsam GP, Kunapuli SP, Kilpatrick LE, Liverani E. Sex-related differences in the response of anti-platelet drug therapies targeting purinergic signaling pathways in sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1015577. [PMID: 36405709 PMCID: PMC9667743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a complex clinical syndrome resulting from a serious infection, is a major healthcare problem associated with high mortality. Sex-related differences in the immune response to sepsis have been proposed but the mechanism is still unknown. Purinergic signaling is a sex-specific regulatory mechanism in immune cell physiology. Our studies have shown that blocking the ADP-receptor P2Y12 but not P2Y1 receptor was protective in male mice during sepsis, but not female. We now hypothesize that there are sex-related differences in modulating P2Y12 or P2Y1 signaling pathways during sepsis. Male and female wild-type (WT), P2Y12 knock-out (KO), and P2Y1 KO mice underwent sham surgery or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis. The P2Y12 antagonist ticagrelor or the P2Y1 antagonist MRS2279 were administered intra-peritoneally after surgery to septic male and female mice. Blood, lungs and kidneys were collected 24 hours post-surgery. Sepsis-induced changes in platelet activation, secretion and platelet interaction with immune cells were measured by flow cytometry. Neutrophil infiltration in the lung and kidney was determined by a myeloperoxidase (MPO) colorimetric assay kit. Sepsis-induced platelet activation, secretion and aggregate formation were reduced in male CLP P2Y12 KO and in female CLP P2Y1 KO mice compared with their CLP WT counterpart. Sepsis-induced MPO activity was reduced in male CLP P2Y12 KO and CLP P2Y1 KO female mice. CLP males treated with ticagrelor or MRS2279 showed a decrease in sepsis-induced MPO levels in lung and kidneys, aggregate formation, and platelet activation as compared to untreated male CLP mice. There were no differences in platelet activation, aggregate formation, and neutrophil infiltration in lung and kidney between female CLP mice and female CLP mice treated with ticagrelor or MRS2279. In human T lymphocytes, blocking P2Y1 or P2Y12 alters cell growth and secretion in vitro in a sex-dependent manner, supporting the data obtained in mice. In conclusion, targeting purinergic signaling represents a promising therapy for sepsis but drug targeting purinergic signaling is sex-specific and needs to be investigated to determine sex-related targeted therapies in sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Boadi Amoafo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Philomena Entsie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Samara Albayati
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Glenn P. Dorsam
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Satya P. Kunapuli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laurie E. Kilpatrick
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food Systems and Natural Resources, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Elisabetta Liverani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Thupakula S, Nimmala SSR, Ravula H, Chekuri S, Padiya R. Emerging biomarkers for the detection of cardiovascular diseases. Egypt Heart J 2022; 74:77. [PMID: 36264449 PMCID: PMC9584006 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-022-00317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been continuously increasing, and this trend is projected to continue. CVD is rapidly becoming a significant public health issue. Every year there is a spike in hospital cases of CVD, a critical health concern in lower- and middle-income countries. Based on identification of novel biomarkers, it would be necessary to study and evaluate the diagnostic requirements or CVD to expedite early detection. Main body The literature review was written using a wide range of sources, such as well-known medical journals, electronic databases, manuscripts, texts, and other writings from the university library. After that, we analysed the specific markers of CVD and compiled a systematic review. A growing body of clinical research aims to identify people who are at risk for cardiovascular disease by looking for biomolecules. A small number of biomarkers have been shown to be useful and reliable in medicine. Biomarkers can be used for a variety of clinical applications, such as predicting heart disease risk, diagnosing disease, or predicting outcomes. As a result of the ability for a single molecule to act as a biomarker, its usefulness in medicine is expected to increase significantly. Conclusions Based on assessing the current trends in the application of CVD markers, we discussed and described the requirements for the application of CVD biomarkers in coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease, and other cardiovascular illnesses. Furthermore, the current review focuses on biomarkers for CVD and the procedures that should be considered to establish the comprehensive nature of the expression of biomarkers for cardiovascular illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreenu Thupakula
- grid.412419.b0000 0001 1456 3750Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - Shiva Shankar Reddy Nimmala
- grid.412419.b0000 0001 1456 3750Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - Haritha Ravula
- grid.18048.350000 0000 9951 5557Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gopanpalle, Hyderabad, Telangana 500019 India
| | - Sudhakar Chekuri
- grid.412419.b0000 0001 1456 3750Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| | - Raju Padiya
- grid.412419.b0000 0001 1456 3750Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Amberpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007 India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lockhart JS, Sumagin R. Non-Canonical Functions of Myeloperoxidase in Immune Regulation, Tissue Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012250. [PMID: 36293108 PMCID: PMC9603794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is one of the most abundantly expressed proteins in neutrophils. It serves as a critical component of the antimicrobial defense system, facilitating microbial killing via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates that in addition to the well-recognized canonical antimicrobial function of MPO, it can directly or indirectly impact immune cells and tissue responses in homeostatic and disease states. Here, we highlight the emerging non-canonical functions of MPO, including its impact on neutrophil longevity, activation and trafficking in inflammation, its interactions with other immune cells, and how these interactions shape disease outcomes. We further discuss MPO interactions with barrier forming endothelial and epithelial cells, specialized cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and its involvement in cancer progression. Such diverse function and the MPO association with numerous inflammatory disorders make it an attractive target for therapies aimed at resolving inflammation and limiting inflammation-associated tissue damage. However, while considering MPO inhibition as a potential therapy, one must account for the diverse impact of MPO activity on various cellular compartments both in health and disease.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hypochlorous Acid Chemistry in Mammalian Cells—Influence on Infection and Role in Various Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810735. [PMID: 36142645 PMCID: PMC9504810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the formation of hypochlorous acid HOCl and the role of reactive chlorinated species (RCS), which are catalysed by the enzyme myeloperoxidase MPO, mainly located in leukocytes and which in turn contribute to cellular oxidative stress. The reactions of RCS with various organic molecules such as amines, amino acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and DNA are described, and an attempt is made to explain the chemical mechanisms of the formation of the various chlorinated derivatives and the data available so far on the effects of MPO, RCS and halogenative stress. Their presence in numerous pathologies such as atherosclerosis, arthritis, neurological and renal diseases, diabetes, and obesity is reviewed and were found to be a feature of debilitating diseases.
Collapse
|
38
|
Gabbia D, Roverso M, Zanotto I, Colognesi M, Sayaf K, Sarcognato S, Arcidiacono D, Zaramella A, Realdon S, Ferri N, Guido M, Russo FP, Bogialli S, Carrara M, De Martin S. A Nutraceutical Formulation Containing Brown Algae Reduces Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in Experimental Models of NAFLD and NASH. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:572. [PMID: 36135761 PMCID: PMC9501409 DOI: 10.3390/md20090572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, some preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the ability of brown seaweeds in reducing the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Here, we analyzed the beneficial effect of a nutraceutical formulation containing a phytocomplex extracted from seaweeds and chromium picolinate in animal models of liver steatosis of differing severities (rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its complication, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)). This treatment led to a significant drop in hepatic fat deposition in both models (p < 0.01 vs. untreated animals), accompanied by a reduction in plasma inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and C reactive protein, and myeloperoxidase expression in liver tissue. Furthermore, a modulation of the molecular pathways involved in lipid metabolism and storage was demonstrated, since we observed the significant reduction of the mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol acyltransferases, the sterol-binding protein SREBP-1, and the lipid transporter perilipin-2, in both treated NAFLD and NASH rats in comparison to untreated ones. In conclusion, this nutraceutical product was effective in reducing liver steatosis and showed further beneficial effects on hepatic inflammation and glycemic control, which were particularly evident in rats characterized by a more severe condition, thus representing a therapeutic option for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Roverso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Colognesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Katia Sayaf
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Samantha Sarcognato
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Diletta Arcidiacono
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Zaramella
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Realdon
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Morrow JR, Raymond JJ, Chowdhury MSI, Sahoo PR. Redox-Responsive MRI Probes Based on First-Row Transition-Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14487-14499. [PMID: 36067522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence of multiple oxidation and spin states of first-row transition-metal complexes facilitates the development of switchable MRI probes. Redox-responsive probes capitalize on a change in the magnetic properties of the different oxidation states of the paramagnetic metal ion center upon exposure to biological oxidants and reductants. Transition-metal complexes that are useful for MRI can be categorized according to whether they accelerate water proton relaxation (T1 or T2 agents), induce paramagnetic shifts of 1H or 19F resonances (paraSHIFT agents), or are chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) agents. The various oxidation state couples and their properties as MRI probes are summarized with a focus on Co(II)/Co(III) or Fe(II)/Fe(III) complexes as small molecules or as liposomal agents. Solution studies of these MRI probes are reviewed with an emphasis on redox changes upon treatment with oxidants or with enzymes that are physiologically important in inflammation and disease. Finally, we outline the challenges of developing these probes further for in vivo MRI applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jaclyn J Raymond
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Md Saiful I Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| | - Priya Ranjan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Prediction of the Effects of Missense Mutations on Human Myeloperoxidase Protein Stability Using In Silico Saturation Mutagenesis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081412. [PMID: 36011324 PMCID: PMC9407467 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme peroxidase with microbicidal properties. MPO plays a role in the host's innate immunity by producing reactive oxygen species inside the cell against foreign organisms. However, there is little functional evidence linking missense mutations to human diseases. We utilized in silico saturation mutagenesis to generate and analyze the effects of 10,811 potential missense mutations on MPO stability. Our results showed that ~71% of the potential missense mutations destabilize MPO, and ~8% stabilize the MPO protein. We showed that G402W, G402Y, G361W, G402F, and G655Y would have the highest destabilizing effect on MPO. Meanwhile, D264L, G501M, D264H, D264M, and G501L have the highest stabilization effect on the MPO protein. Our computational tool prediction showed the destabilizing effects in 13 out of 14 MPO missense mutations that cause diseases in humans. We also analyzed putative post-translational modification (PTM) sites on the MPO protein and mapped the PTM sites to disease-associated missense mutations for further analysis. Our analysis showed that R327H associated with frontotemporal dementia and R548W causing generalized pustular psoriasis are near these PTM sites. Our results will aid further research into MPO as a biomarker for human complex diseases and a candidate for drug target discovery.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang S, Liu J, Dong J, Fan Z, Wang F, Wu P, Li X, Kou R, Chen F. Allyl methyl trisulfide protected against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919898. [PMID: 36003507 PMCID: PMC9394683 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allyl methyl trisulfide (AMTS) is one major lipid-soluble organosulfur compound of garlic. Previous studies have reported the potential therapeutic effect of garlic on acute lung injury (ALI) or its severe condition acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the specific substances that exert the regulatory effects are still unclear. In this study, we investigate the protective effects of AMTS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. In vivo experiments, ICR mice were pretreated with 25–100 mg/kg AMTS for 7 days and followed by intratracheal instillation of LPS (1.5 mg/kg). The results showed that AMTS significantly attenuated LPS-induced deterioration of lung pathology, demonstrated by ameliorative edema and protein leakage, and improved pulmonary histopathological morphology. Meanwhile, the expression of inflammatory mediators and the infiltration of inflammation-regulation cells induced by LPS were also inhibited. In vitro experiments also revealed that AMTS could alleviate inflammation response and inhibit the exaggeration of macrophage M1 polarization in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, we identified that AMTS treatment could attenuate the LPS-induced elevation of protein expression of p-IκBα, nuclear NF-κB-p65, COX2, iNOS, p-P38, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK. Collectively, these data suggest that AMTS could attenuate LPS-induced ALI and the molecular mechanisms should be related to the suppression of the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jinqian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Zongqiang Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Fugui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
| | - Ruirui Kou
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ruirui Kou, ; Fang Chen,
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Ruirui Kou, ; Fang Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dzięgielewska A, Dunislawska A. Mitochondrial Dysfunctions and Potential Molecular Markers in Sport Horses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158655. [PMID: 35955789 PMCID: PMC9369138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are an essential part of most eukaryotic cells. The crucial role of these organelles is the production of metabolic energy, which is converted into ATP in oxidative phosphorylation. They are also involved in and constitute apoptosis, the site of many metabolic processes. Some of the factors that negatively affect mitochondria are stress, excessive exercise, disease, and the aging process. Exercise can cause the release of large amounts of free radicals, inflammation, injury, and stress. All of these factors can contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, which can consistently lead to inflammatory responses, tissue damage, organ dysfunction, and a host of diseases. The functions of the mitochondria and the consequences of their disturbance can be of great importance in the breeding and use of horses. The paper reviews mitochondrial disorders in horses and, based on the literature, indicates genetic markers strongly related to this issue.
Collapse
|
43
|
Gąsowska-Bajger B, Gąsowska-Bodnar A, Bodnar L. Properties and functions of myeloperoxidase and its role in ovarian cancer. MEDICAL SCIENCE PULSE 2022. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.9645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Elevated levels of myeloperoxidase in body fluids are increasingly being used as an indicator for the diagnosis of cancer. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to review the literature on the physical and chemical properties of myeloperoxidase, its role in carcinogenesis, the role of tumor-associated neutrophils in cancer, and the role of myeloperoxidase in ovarian cancer. Material and methods: The research literature published between January 1999 and December 2019 was reviewed. The properties and role of myeloperoxidase in the development of ovarian cancer were selected from publications available in selected online databases, including MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Searches were performed using the following word combinations: “myeloperoxidase”, “ovarian cancer”, “reactive oxygen species”, “expression”, “polymorphism”, and “tumor-associated neutrophils”. Results: Thirty-five scientific articles were included in the final review. Of the 35 articles, 11 discussed the role of myeloperoxidase in carcinogenesis, and five discussed its role in the development of ovarian cancer. Conclusions: Elevated myeloperoxidase levels are associated with many types of cancer, including ovarian cancer. In the studied group of invasive ovarian tumors, up to 65% exhibited elevated levels of myeloperoxidase. Continued research on myeloperoxidase expression in ovarian cancer cells is vital and warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lubomir Bodnar
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Aldhalmi AK, Al-Athari AJH, Makki Al-Hindy HAA. Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Myeloperoxidase enzyme with Severe Asthma: A comparative study. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:238-245. [PMID: 36164624 PMCID: PMC9455177 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.2.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) may stimulate airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma, which is also affected by neutrophils activity. The latter can be determined indirectly by evaluating myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. The insufficient studies that investigated the combined association of serum TNF-α and MPO with asthma was objective of this study. METHODS A case-control study included 110-asthmatics besides 92-controls. All participants underwent venous sampling for TNF-α and MPO immunoassays. A percentage of predicted "forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%)", and the "peak expiratory flow rate (PEF/L)" of all participants were verified. The statistical analyses had done using SPSS V-25. The accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and significance of both biomarkers to distinguish asthma examined "under the ROC-curves". RESULTS High TNF-α levels observed among the controls(p-0.006), opposing the higher MPO levels among the patients(p-0.00). There were nonsignificant variations of two biomarkers between the treatment groups and nonsignificant correlations of MPO with FEV1 and PEF. There was a significant correlation of MPO with the TNF-α levels of all participants. The TNF-α showed lower sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to diagnose asthma. There were no MPO differences according to asthma levels. The TNF-α was higher among the severe asthmatics significantly. DISCUSSION TNF-α may be a contributory particle for neutrophilic inflammation of severe asthma. MPO levels were significantly higher among asthmatics, whereas TNF-α levels were lower. TNF-α levels were higher among those with severe compared to mild/moderate asthma. The MPO level has a significant predictive capacity compared to TNF-α for distinguishing asthma from healthy subjects.
Collapse
|
45
|
Visscher MO, Carr AN, Narendran V. Epidermal Immunity and Function: Origin in Neonatal Skin. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:894496. [PMID: 35755808 PMCID: PMC9215705 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.894496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fascinating story of epidermal immunity begins in utero where the epidermal barrier derives from the ectoderm and evolves through carefully orchestrated biological processes, including periderm formation, keratinocyte differentiation, proliferation, cornification, and maturation, to generate a functional epidermis. Vernix caseosa derives from epidermal cells that mix with sebaceous lipids and coat the fetus during late gestation, likely to provide conditions for cornification. At birth, infants dramatically transition from aqueous conditions to a dry gaseous environment. The epidermal barrier begins to change within hours, exhibiting decreased hydration and low stratum corneum (SC) cohesion. The SC varied by gestational age (GA), transformed over the next 2–3 months, and differed considerably versus stable adult skin, as indicated by analysis of specific protein biomarkers. Regardless of gestational age, the increased infant SC proteins at 2–3 months after birth were involved in late differentiation, cornification, and filaggrin processing compared to adult skin. Additionally, the natural moisturizing factor (NMF), the product of filaggrin processing, was higher for infants than adults. This suggests that neonatal skin provides innate immunity and protection from environmental effects and promotes rapid, continued barrier development after birth. Functional genomic analysis showed abundant differences across biological processes for infant skin compared to adult skin. Gene expression for extracellular matrix, development, and fatty acid metabolism was higher for infant skin, while adult skin had increased expression of genes for the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis, antigen processing/presentation of immune function, and others. These findings provide descriptive information about infant epidermal immunity and its ability to support the newborn’s survival and growth, despite an environment laden with microbes, high oxygen tension, and irritants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marty O Visscher
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Andrew N Carr
- The Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vivek Narendran
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shen W, Oladejo AO, Ma X, Jiang W, Zheng J, Imam BH, Wang S, Wu X, Ding X, Ma B, Yan Z. Inhibition of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation by Cl-Amidine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis and Uterine Tissue Damage. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:1151. [PMID: 35565576 PMCID: PMC9100562 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is a common disease that affects the production in dairy cows and leads to severe losses in the dairy industry. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation promotes pathogenic invasions of the lumen of the tissue, leading to inflammatory diseases such as mastitis, pancreatitis, and septic infection. However, research that could show the relationship between NETs and endometritis is scarce. Cl-amidine has been shown to ameliorate the disease squealing and clinical manifestation in various disease models. In this study, we investigated the role of NETs in LPS-triggered endometritis in rats and evaluated the therapeutic efficiency of Cl-amidine. An LPS-induced endometritis model in rats was established and found that the formation of NETs can be detected in the rat's uterine tissues in vivo. In addition, Cl-amidine treatment can inhibit NETs construction in LPS-induced endometritis in rats. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay indicated that Cl-amidine treatment remarkably alleviated the inflammatory cell infiltrations and attenuated the damage to the uterine tissue. The Western blot results indicated that Cl-amidine decreased the expression of citrullinated Histone H3 (Cit-H3) and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) protein in LPS-induced rat endometritis. The ELISA test indicated that Cl-amidine treatment significantly inhibited the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The NETs were determined by Quant-iTTMPicoGreen dsDNA kit®, which indicated that Cl-amidine significantly inhibited the NETs in rat serum. All results showed that Cl-amidine effectively reduced the expression of Cit-H3 and HMGB1 proteins by inhibiting the formation of NETs, thereby attenuating the inflammatory response to LPS-induced endometritis in rats. Hence, Cl-amidine could be a potential candidate for the treatment of endometritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Shen
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ayodele Olaolu Oladejo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
- Department of Animal Health Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igboora 201103, Nigeria
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Juanshan Zheng
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Bereket Habte Imam
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
- Department of Veterinary Science, Hamelmalo Agricultural College, Keren P.O. Box 397, Eritrea
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
| | - Baohua Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (A.O.O.); (X.M.); (W.J.); (J.Z.); (B.H.I.); (S.W.); (X.W.); (X.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tangeten C, Zouaoui Boudjeltia K, Delporte C, Van Antwerpen P, Korpak K. Unexpected Role of MPO-Oxidized LDLs in Atherosclerosis: In between Inflammation and Its Resolution. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050874. [PMID: 35624738 PMCID: PMC9137493 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and its resolution are the result of the balance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving factors, such as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). This balance is crucial for plaque evolution in atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been related to oxidative stress and atherosclerosis, and MPO-oxidized low-density lipoproteins (Mox-LDLs) have specific characteristics and effects. They participate in foam cell formation and cause specific reactions when interacting with macrophages and endothelial cells. They also increase the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages and the resulting antioxidant response. Mox-LDLs also drive macrophage polarization. Mox-LDLs are known to be pro-inflammatory particles. However, in the presence of Mox-LDLs, endothelial cells produce resolvin D1 (RvD1), a SPM. SPMs are involved in the resolution of inflammation by stimulating efferocytosis and by reducing the adhesion and recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes. RvD1 also induces the synthesis of other SPMs. In vitro, Mox-LDLs have a dual effect by promoting RvD1 release and inducing a more anti-inflammatory phenotype macrophage, thereby having a mixed effect on inflammation. In this review, we discuss the interrelationship between MPO, Mox-LDLs, and resolvins, highlighting a new perception of the role of Mox-LDLs in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Tangeten
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (P.V.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-650-5331
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, ULB 222 Unit, CHU-Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium; (K.Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Cedric Delporte
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (P.V.A.)
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (P.V.A.)
| | - Keziah Korpak
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, ULB 222 Unit, CHU-Charleroi, A. Vésale Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul, Belgium; (K.Z.B.); (K.K.)
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHU-Charleroi, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6042 Charleroi, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gastrointestinal effects of Mentha aquatica L. essential oil. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2127-2137. [PMID: 35451723 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Found in humid regions and waterways and popularly used to treat gastrointestinal problems among other applications, the present study evaluated the M. aquatica essential oil (OEMa) as a therapeutic alternative to treat gastrointestinal disorders. Produced by steam distillation, chemical composition of OEMa was determined by GC-MS analysis. The ethanol-induced ulcer and the dose-repeated acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)-induced gastrointestinal lesions models in rats evaluated, respectively, the prophylactic and curative effects of EOMa on peptic ulcers. The EOMa's effect on gastric secretion, gastric mucus and gastrointestinal motility were evaluated in in vivo models. The curative effect of EOMa on acute colitis was evaluated using the DSS-induced colitis model in mice. Obtained in 0.17% yield (w/w), with carvone (54.82 ± 1.39 g/100 g oil) as the main constituent, EOMa (at 75 mg/kg) showed potent gastroprotective effect (> 90%) mediated by non-protein sulfhydryl compounds (NPSH) and nitric oxide (NO) modulation alongside reduction in gastric secretion volume and total acidity. EOMa did not affect gastric mucus production and gastrointestinal motility. In dose-repeated ASA-induced gastrointestinal lesions model, EOMa (at 25 mg/kg) promoted the inflammatory process resolution both in gastric and duodenal walls by modulating NPSH, NO and myeloperoxidase levels. Despite delaying in 2 days the clinical symptoms worsening, EOMa (at 25 mg/kg) was not able to protect colon tissues from DSS-induced acute colitis as evidenced by macroscopic, biochemical, and histopathological parameters. This is the first report of Mentha aquatica essential oil as a promising herbal medicine for peptic ulcers treatment together with an adjuvant effect in IBD.
Collapse
|
49
|
Espinoza-Derout J, Shao XM, Lao CJ, Hasan KM, Rivera JC, Jordan MC, Echeverria V, Roos KP, Sinha-Hikim AP, Friedman TC. Electronic Cigarette Use and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879726. [PMID: 35463745 PMCID: PMC9021536 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes or e-cigarettes are the most frequently used tobacco product among adolescents. Despite the widespread use of e-cigarettes and the known detrimental cardiac consequences of nicotine, the effects of e-cigarettes on the cardiovascular system are not well-known. Several in vitro and in vivo studies delineating the mechanisms of the impact of e-cigarettes on the cardiovascular system have been published. These include mechanisms associated with nicotine or other components of the aerosol or thermal degradation products of e-cigarettes. The increased hyperlipidemia, sympathetic dominance, endothelial dysfunction, DNA damage, and macrophage activation are prominent effects of e-cigarettes. Additionally, oxidative stress and inflammation are unifying mechanisms at many levels of the cardiovascular impairment induced by e-cigarette exposure. This review outlines the contribution of e-cigarettes in the development of cardiovascular diseases and their molecular underpinnings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Espinoza-Derout
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xuesi M. Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Candice J. Lao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kamrul M. Hasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Rivera
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maria C. Jordan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Valentina Echeverria
- Research and Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Kenneth P. Roos
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amiya P. Sinha-Hikim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Theodore C. Friedman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Friends Research Institute, Cerritos, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Serum Myeloperoxidase as a Biomarker of Asthma Severity Among Adults: A Case Control Study. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:182-189. [PMID: 35765520 PMCID: PMC9208555 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.1.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background The contribution of neutrophils is still indistinct in the inflammatory response of bronchial asthma (BAs). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is an enzyme released from the primary azurophilic granules of the neutrophils. The study aimed to evaluate the levels of serum MPO as a biomarker for the assessment of the level of asthma control. Methods The study participants included 94 asthmatic patients and 86 healthy controls. The identification of asthma severity had assessed using the ''Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines''. Asthmatic adults had divided into three groups: Good (n= 22), partial (n= 30), and poor control (n= 44). Also, patients have been divided again into two groups (treated and untreated) for BAs. Results The predicted FEV1% and the peak expiratory flow (PEF/L) of all participants had verified by spirometry. The mean patients' age was 31.9±15.1 year, with a predominance of females. The mean asthma duration was 10.5±8.6 years. Mean spirometric parameters (FEV1 and PEF) were significantly lower among the patients (0.00). Significant higher MPO levels had observed among BAs patients (p-0.00). The MPO levels have not differed significantly with asthma levels and had significant differences with the history of treatment. There was a nonsignificant negative correlation between the mean MPO levels and the spirometry variables among the patients. ROC curves revealed a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy for MPO (80.9%, 72.1%, and 84.3%), respectively to predict asthmatic severity. Conclusion There were significantly higher MPO levels compared to healthy controls. Levels of serum MPO had a non-significant positive correlation with levels of asthma control, but a negative non-significant correlation with spirometric results.
Collapse
|