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Cai WQ, Jiang PF, Liu Y, Miao XQ, Liu AD. Distinct changes of taste quality and metabolite profile in different tomato varieties revealed by LC-MS metabolomics. Food Chem 2024; 442:138456. [PMID: 38271909 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Breeding of tomato varieties based on phenotypic traits can potentially lead to a decline in taste and nutritional values, thereby impacting consumer acceptance. However, taste is an intrinsic characteristic of tomatoes. Its decoding requires the identification of crucial compounds and the associated metabolic pathways implicated in taste development and formation. In this study, the taste parameter differences of four tomato varieties were distinguished using an electronic tongue. The content of organic acids and free amino acids, which were closely associated with taste variations, was quantitatively analyzed. Several important taste metabolites and metabolic pathways were identified based on LC-MS metabolomics and enrichment analysis. Through correlation analysis, it was determined that there existed significant associations between the taste, compounds, and metabolites of tomato varieties with different phenotypes. This study could provide references and theoretical basis for tomato breeding, as well as the control and evaluation of taste and quality of tomato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Cai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Miao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, China
| | - Ai-Dong Liu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang G, Yan Q, Ahmad B, Pei J, Huang L. Quality variation and salt-alkali-tolerance mechanism of Cynomorium songaricum: Interacting from microbiome-transcriptome-metabolome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170801. [PMID: 38340858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Addressing soil salinization and implementing sustainable practices for cultivating cash crops on saline-alkali land is a prominent global challenge. Cynomorium songaricum is an important salt-alkali tolerant medicinal plant capable of adapting to saline-alkali environments. In this study, two typical ecotypes of C. songaricum from the desert-steppe (DS) and saline-alkali land (SAL) habitats were selected. Through the integration of multi-omics with machine learning, the rhizosphere microbial communities, genetic maps, and metabolic profiles of two ecotypes were created and the crucial factors for the adaptation of C. songaricum to saline-alkali stress were identified, including 7 keystone OTUs (i.e. Novosphingobium sp., Sinorhizobium meliloti, and Glycomyces sp.), 5 core genes (cell wall-related genes), and 10 most important metabolites (i.e. cucurbitacin D and 3-Hydroxybutyrate) were identified. Our results indicated that under saline-alkali environments, the microbial competition might become more intense, and the microbial community network had the simple but stable structure, accompanied by the changes in the gene expression related to cell wall for adaptation. However, this regulation led to the reduction in active ingredients, such as the accumulation of flavonoids and organic acid, and enhanced the synthesis of bitter substances (cucurbitacin D), resulting in the decrease in the quality of C. songaricum. Therefore, compared to the SAL ecotype, the DS was more suitable for the subsequent development of medicinal and edible products of C. songaricum. Furthermore, to explore the reasons for this quality variation, we constructed a comprehensive microbial-genetic-metabolic regulatory network, revealing that the metabolism of C. songaricum was primarily influenced by genetic factors. These findings not only offer new insights for future research into plant salt-alkali tolerance strategies but also provide a crucial understanding for cultivating high-quality medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Zhang
- Key lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoshuai Zhang
- Key lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Key lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Center for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, 25000 Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
| | - Linfang Huang
- Key lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Danso B, Ackah M, Jin X, Ayittey DM, Amoako FK, Zhao W. Genome-Wide Analysis of the Xyloglucan Endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase ( XTH) Gene Family: Expression Pattern during Magnesium Stress Treatment in the Mulberry Plant ( Morus alba L.) Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:902. [PMID: 38592929 PMCID: PMC10975095 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.), a significant fruit tree crop, requires magnesium (Mg) for its optimal growth and productivity. Nonetheless, our understanding of the molecular basis underlying magnesium stress tolerance in mulberry plants remains unexplored. In our previous study, we identified several differential candidate genes associated with Mg homeostasis via transcriptome analysis, including the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene family. The XTH gene family is crucial for plant cell wall reconstruction and stress responses. These genes have been identified and thoroughly investigated in various plant species. However, there is no research pertaining to XTH genes within the M. alba plant. This research systematically examined the M. alba XTH (MaXTH) gene family at the genomic level using a bioinformatic approach. In total, 22 MaXTH genes were discovered and contained the Glyco_hydro_16 and XET_C conserved domains. The MaXTHs were categorized into five distinct groups by their phylogenetic relationships. The gene structure possesses four exons and three introns. Furthermore, the MaXTH gene promoter analysis reveals a plethora of cis-regulatory elements, mainly stress responsiveness, phytohormone responsiveness, and growth and development. GO analysis indicated that MaXTHs encode proteins that exhibit xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase and hydrolase activities in addition to cell wall biogenesis as well as xyloglucan and carbohydrate metabolic processes. Moreover, a synteny analysis unveiled an evolutionary relationship between the XTH genes in M. alba and those in three other species: A. thaliana, P. trichocarpa, and Zea mays. Expression profiles from RNA-Seq data displayed distinct expression patterns of XTH genes in M. alba leaf tissue during Mg treatments. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis confirmed the expression of the MaXTH genes in Mg stress response. Overall, this research enhances our understanding of the characteristics of MaXTH gene family members and lays the foundation for future functional genomic study in M. alba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing Danso
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (B.D.)
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Michael Ackah
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (B.D.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (B.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Derek M. Ayittey
- School of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201308, China
| | - Frank Kwarteng Amoako
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (B.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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Choi SR, Lee H, Singh D, Cho D, Chung JO, Roh JH, Kim WG, Lee CH. Bidirectional Interactions between Green Tea (GT) Polyphenols and Human Gut Bacteria. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1317-1328. [PMID: 37435870 PMCID: PMC10619559 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Green tea (GT) polyphenols undergo extensive metabolism within gastrointestinal tract (GIT), where their derivatives compounds potentially modulate the gut microbiome. This biotransformation process involves a cascade of exclusive gut microbial enzymes which chemically modify the GT polyphenols influencing both their bioactivity and bioavailability in host. Herein, we examined the in vitro interactions between 37 different human gut microbiota and the GT polyphenols. UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS analysis of the culture broth extracts unravel that genera Adlercreutzia, Eggerthella and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KACC11451 promoted C-ring opening reaction in GT catechins. In addition, L. plantarum also hydrolyzed catechin galloyl esters to produce gallic acid and pyrogallol, and also converted flavonoid glycosides to their aglycone derivatives. Biotransformation of GT polyphenols into derivative compounds enhanced their antioxidant bioactivities in culture broth extracts. Considering the effects of GT polyphenols on specific growth rates of gut bacteria, we noted that GT polyphenols and their derivate compounds inhibited most species in phylum Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, and Firmicutes except genus Lactobacillus. The present study delineates the likely mechanisms involved in the metabolism and bioavailability of GT polyphenols upon exposure to gut microbiota. Further, widening this workflow to understand the metabolism of various other dietary polyphenols can unravel their biotransformation mechanisms and associated functions in human GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Rin Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Digar Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Cho
- Amorepacific R&I Center, Yonggu-daero, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Chung
- Amorepacific R&I Center, Yonggu-daero, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Roh
- Amorepacific R&I Center, Yonggu-daero, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Gi Kim
- Amorepacific R&I Center, Yonggu-daero, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Ahmed N, Zhang B, Bozdar B, Chachar S, Rai M, Li J, Li Y, Hayat F, Chachar Z, Tu P. The power of magnesium: unlocking the potential for increased yield, quality, and stress tolerance of horticultural crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1285512. [PMID: 37941670 PMCID: PMC10628537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1285512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is pivotal for the vitality, yield, and quality of horticultural crops. Central to plant physiology, Mg2+ powers photosynthesis as an integral component of chlorophyll, bolstering growth and biomass accumulation. Beyond basic growth, it critically affects crop quality factors, from chlorophyll synthesis to taste, texture, and shelf life. However, Mg2 + deficiency can cripple yields and impede plant development. Magnesium Transporters (MGTs) orchestrate Mg2+ dynamics, with notable variations observed in horticultural species such as Cucumis sativus, Citrullus lanatus, and Citrus sinensis. Furthermore, Mg2+ is key in fortifying plants against environmental stressors and diseases by reinforcing cell walls and spurring the synthesis of defense substances. A burgeoning area of research is the application of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs), which, owing to their nanoscale size and high reactivity, optimize nutrient uptake, and enhance plant growth and stress resilience. Concurrently, modern breeding techniques provide insights into Mg2+ dynamics to develop crops with improved Mg2+ efficiency and resilience to deficiency. Effective Mg2+ management through soil tests, balanced fertilization, and pH adjustments holds promise for maximizing crop health, productivity, and sustainability. This review unravels the nuanced intricacies of Mg2+ in plant physiology and genetics, and its interplay with external factors, serving as a cornerstone for those keen on harnessing its potential for horticultural excellence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilquees Bozdar
- Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mehtab Rai
- Department of Crop Physiology, Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Juan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongquan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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6
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Qu S, Li H, Zhang X, Gao J, Ma R, Ma L, Ma J. Effects of Magnesium Imbalance on Root Growth and Nutrient Absorption in Different Genotypes of Vegetable Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3518. [PMID: 37895981 PMCID: PMC10610338 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) plays a crucial role in crop growth, but how Mg supply level affects root growth and nutrient absorption in vegetable crops with different genotypes has not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, the responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) crops to different levels of Mg supply were explored. Four levels of Mg treatment (i.e., 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mmol/L) were applied under hydroponic conditions, denoted as Mg0.2, Mg1, Mg2, and Mg3, respectively. The results showed that with increasing Mg levels, the plant biomass, root growth, and nutrient accumulation in both vegetable crops all increased until reaching their maximum values under the Mg2 treatment and then decreased. The total biomass per tomato plant of Mg2 treatment was 30.9%, 14.0%, and 14.0% higher than that of Mg0.2, Mg1, and Mg3 treatments, respectively, and greater increases were observed in cucumber plant biomass (by 54.3%, 17.4%, and 19.9%, respectively). Compared with the Mg0.2 treatment, the potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) contents in various plant parts of both crops remarkably decreased under the Mg3 treatment. This change was accompanied by prominently increased Mg contents in various plant parts and para-hydroxybenzoic acid and oxalic acid contents in root exudates. Irrespective of Mg level, plant biomass, root growth, nutrient accumulation, and root exudation of organic acids were all higher in tomato plants than in cucumber plants. Our findings indicate that excessive Mg supply promotes the roots to exude phenolic acids and hinders the plants from absorbing K and Ca in different genotypes of vegetable crops despite no effect on Mg absorption. A nutritional deficiency of Mg stimulates root exudation of organic acids and increases the types of exuded organic acids, which could facilitate plant adaption to Mg stress. In terms of root growth and nutrient absorption, tomato plants outperform cucumber plants under low and medium Mg levels, but the latter crop is more tolerant to Mg excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Qu
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Q.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Huixia Li
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Q.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Xueke Zhang
- College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Jingbo Gao
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China;
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Q.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Ling Ma
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Q.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (S.Q.); (R.M.); (L.M.); (J.M.)
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Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Lin S, Chen M, Cheng P, Du M, Jia X, Ye J, Wang H. Study on the effect of magnesium on leaf metabolites, growth and quality of tea tree. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1192151. [PMID: 37746019 PMCID: PMC10514580 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is one of the essential elements for the growth of tea trees. In this study, we investigated changes in metabolites, photosynthetic fluorescence parameters and quality indexes of tea leaves under different concentrations of magnesium treatment, and the results showed that there were no significant differences in the quantity and total content of metabolites in tea leaves under different Mg concentrations. The results of volcano map analysis showed that the content of 235 metabolites in tea leaves showed an increasing trend and the content of 243 metabolites showed a decreasing trend with the increase of Mg concentration. The results of the combined analysis of the OPLS-DA model and bubble map showed that 45 characteristic metabolites were screened at different concentrations of Mg. Among these, the content of 24 characteristic metabolites showed an increasing trend and 21 characteristic metabolites showed a decreasing trend with the increase of Mg concentrations. The results of KEEG pathway enrichment showed that 24 characteristic metabolites with a upward trend were significantly enriched in saccharides metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism and vitamin metabolism, while the 21 characteristic metabolites with a downward trend were enriched in the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of terpenoids, synthesis and metabolism of alkaloids, and synthesis and metabolism of amino acids. It can be inferred that Mg regulation was beneficial to enhance the photosynthetic capacity of tea trees, improve the accumulation and metabolism of carbohydrate substances in tea trees, and thus promoted the growth of tea trees, but was not conducive to the synthesis of secondary metabolites and amino acids related to tea quality. The results of photosynthetic fluorescence parameters and quality indexes of the tea tree confirmed the conclusion predicted by metabolomics. This study provided a reference for regulating of the growth and quality of tea trees with Mg fertilizer in tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoxiong Lin
- College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Meihui Chen
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pengyuan Cheng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengru Du
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Xiaoli Jia
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Jianghua Ye
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- College of Tea and Food, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, China
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Jin X, Ackah M, Wang L, Amoako FK, Shi Y, Essoh LG, Li J, Zhang Q, Li H, Zhao W. Magnesium Nutrient Application Induces Metabolomics and Physiological Responses in Mulberry ( Morus alba) Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119650. [PMID: 37298601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba) is a significant plant with numerous economic benefits; however, its growth and development are affected by nutrient levels. A high level of magnesium (Mg) or magnesium nutrient starvation are two of the significant Mg factors affecting plant growth and development. Nevertheless, M. alba's metabolic response to different Mg concentrations is unclear. In this study, different Mg concentrations, optimal (3 mmol/L), high (6 mmol/L and 9 mmol/L), or low (1 and 2 mmol/L) and deficient (0 mmol/L), were applied to M. alba for three weeks to evaluate their effects via physiological and metabolomics (untargeted; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)) studies. Several measured physiological traits revealed that Mg deficiency and excess Mg altered net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf Mg content and fresh weight, leading to remarkable reductions in the photosynthetic efficiency and biomass of mulberry plants. Our study reveals that an adequate supply of the nutrient Mg promoted the mulberry's physiological response parameters (net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf and root Mg content and biomass). The metabolomics data show that different Mg concentrations affect several differential metabolite expressions (DEMs), particularly fatty acyls, flavonoids, amino acids, organic acid, organooxygen compounds, prenol lipids, coumarins, steroids and steroid derivatives, cinnamic acids and derivatives. An excessive supply of Mg produced more DEMs, but negatively affected biomass production compared to low and optimum supplies of Mg. The significant DEMs correlated positively with mulberry's net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, leaf Mg content and fresh weight. The mulberry plant's response to the application of Mg used metabolites, mainly amino acids, organic acids, fatty acyls, flavonoids and prenol lipids, in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways. These classes of compounds were mainly involved in lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of other amino acids, the metabolism of cofactors and vitamin pathways, indicating that mulberry plants respond to Mg concentrations by producing a divergent metabolism. The supply of Mg nutrition was an important factor influencing the induction of DEMs, and these metabolites were critical in several metabolic pathways related to magnesium nutrition. This study provides a fundamental understanding of DEMs in M. alba's response to Mg nutrition and the metabolic mechanisms involved, which may be critical to the mulberry genetic breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Michael Ackah
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Frank Kwarteng Amoako
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yisu Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Lionnelle Gyllye Essoh
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Qiaonan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Haonan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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9
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Xiong B, Li Q, Yao J, Liu Z, Yang X, Yu X, Li Y, Liao L, Wang X, Deng H, Zhang M, Sun G, Wang Z. Widely targeted metabolomic profiling combined with transcriptome analysis sheds light on flavonoid biosynthesis in sweet orange 'Newhall' (C. sinensis) under magnesium stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1182284. [PMID: 37251770 PMCID: PMC10216496 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1182284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sweet orange 'Newhall' peels (SOPs) are abundant in flavonoids, making them increasingly popular in the realms of nutrition, food, and medicine. However, there is still much unknown about flavonoid components in SOPs and the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis when subjected to magnesium stress. The previous experiment conducted by the research group found that the total flavonoid content of Magnesium deficiency (MD) was higher than Magnesium sufficiency (MS) in SOPs. In order to study the metabolic pathway of flavonoids under magnesium stress, an integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome was performed in SOPs at different developmental stages, comparing MS and MD. A comprehensive analysis revealed the identification of 1,533 secondary metabolites in SOPs. Among them, 740 flavonoids were classified into eight categories, with flavones identified as the dominant flavonoid component. The influence of magnesium stress on flavonoid composition was evaluated using a combination of heat map and volcanic map, which indicated significant variations between MS and MD varieties at different growth stages. The transcriptome detected 17,897 differential genes that were significantly enriched in flavonoid pathways. Further analysis was performed using Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) in conjunction with flavonoid metabolism profiling and transcriptome analysis to identify six hub structural genes and ten hub transcription factor genes that play a crucial role in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis from yellow and blue modules. The correlation heatmap and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) results showed that CitCHS had a significant impact on the synthesis of flavones and other flavonoids in SOPs, as it was the backbone gene in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The qPCR results further validated the accuracy of transcriptome data and the reliability of candidate genes. Overall, these results shed light on the composition of flavonoid compounds in SOPs and highlight the changes in flavonoid metabolism that occur under magnesium stress. This research provides valuable insights for improving the cultivation of high-flavonoid plants and enhancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiong
- *Correspondence: Bo Xiong, ; Zhihui Wang,
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyong Yu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Volkogon VV, Potapenko LV, Volkogon MV. Vertical migration of nutrients and water-soluble organic matter in the soil profile under pre-sowing seed treatment with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1054113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies conducted in a stationary lysimeter experiment in the conditions of the washing water regime have shown that the use of PGPR for pre-sowing seed inoculation of agricultural crops reduces vertical migration of biogenic nutrients and water-soluble organic matter down the soil profile. The effect of seed inoculation with PGPR on the reduction of nutrient losses was not specific to the type of rhizobacteria and was similar for crops grown on different mineral fertilizers backgrounds (spring barley and winter rye seeds were inoculated with the nitrogen-fixing bacteria—Azospirillum brasilense 410 and A. brasilense 18-2, respectively, while maize seeds were inoculated with the phosphate-mobilizing Paenibacillus polymyxa KB). Seed inoculation has decreased nitrogen leaching down the soil profile by 4–9 kg/ha, phosphorus compounds—by 0.5–3.0 kg/ha, potassium—by 0.6–3.0 kg/ha, calcium—by 6–42 kg/ha, magnesium—by 3.0–6.0 kg/ha, water-soluble organic matter—by 0.8–8.0 kg/ha, subject to crop and norms of mineral fertilizers. Maize seeds inoculated with phosphorous-mobilizing P. polymyxa KB under crop cultivation on the cattle manure background did not affect the intensity of nutrient migration. On the other hand, the combination of green manure (narrow-leaved lupine as an intermediate crop) with pre-sowing seed inoculation had significantly reduced nutrient losses beyond the root zone soil layer. It is concluded that the use of PGPR in crop production on mineral and green manure backgrounds contributes to the preservation of soil fertility by limiting biogenic nutrients and water-soluble organic matter leaching with the water drainage down the soil profile. Pre-sowing seed inoculation had no significant effect on the vertical migration of nutrients in the soil on the background of cattle manure, due to the highly competitive environment created with the introduction of microorganisms from organic fertilizer, preventing the establishment of close interactions between PGPR and plants.
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Haber Z, Wilhelmi MDMR, Fernández-Bayo JD, Harrold DR, Stapleton JJ, Toubiana D, VanderGheynst JS, Blumwald E, Simmons CW, Sade N, Achmon Y. The effect of circular soil biosolarization treatment on the physiology, metabolomics, and microbiome of tomato plants under certain abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1009956. [PMID: 36426148 PMCID: PMC9679285 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil biosolarization (SBS) is an alternative technique for soil pest control to standard techniques such as soil fumigation and soil solarization (SS). By using both solar heating and fermentation of organic amendments, faster and more effective control of soilborne pathogens can be achieved. A circular economy may be created by using the residues of a given crop as organic amendments to biosolarize fields that produce that crop, which is termed circular soil biosolarization (CSBS). In this study, CSBS was employed by biosolarizing soil with amended tomato pomace (TP) residues and examining its impact on tomato cropping under conditions of abiotic stresses, specifically high salinity and nitrogen deficiency. The results showed that in the absence of abiotic stress, CSBS can benefit plant physiological performance, growth and yield relative to SS. Moreover, CSBS significantly mitigated the impacts of abiotic stress conditions. The results also showed that CSBS impacted the soil microbiome and plant metabolome. Mycoplana and Kaistobacter genera were found to be positively correlated with benefits to tomato plants health under abiotic stress conditions. Conversely, the relative abundance of the orders RB41, MND1, and the family Ellin6075 and were negatively correlated with tomato plants health. Moreover, several metabolites were significantly affected in plants grown in SS- and CSBS-treated soils under abiotic stress conditions. The metabolite xylonic acid isomer was found to be significantly negatively correlated with tomato plants health performance across all treatments. These findings improve understanding of the interactions between CSBS, soil ecology, and crop physiology under abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechariah Haber
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Jesus D. Fernández-Bayo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Duff R. Harrold
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - James J. Stapleton
- Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program, University of California Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA, United States
| | - David Toubiana
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jean S. VanderGheynst
- College of Engineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christopher W. Simmons
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nir Sade
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yigal Achmon
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Michailidis M, Titeli VS, Karagiannis E, Feidaki K, Ganopoulos I, Tanou G, Argiriou A, Molassiotis A. Tissue-specific transcriptional analysis outlines calcium-induced core metabolic changes in sweet cherry fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 189:139-152. [PMID: 36087439 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The role of calcium in fruit ripening has been established, however knowledge regarding the molecular analysis at fruit tissue-level is still lacking. To address this, we examined the impact of foliar-applied calcium (0.5% CaCl2) in the ripening metabolism in skin and flesh tissues of the sweet cherry 'Tragana Edessis' fruit at the harvest stage. Exogenously applied calcium increased endogenous calcium level in flesh tissue and reduced fruit respiration rate and cracking traits. Fruit metabolomic along with transcriptomic analysis unraveled common and tissue-specific metabolic pathways associated with calcium feeding. Treatment with calcium diminished several alcohols (arabitol, sorbitol), sugars (fructose, maltose), acids (glyceric acid, threonic acid) and increased ribose and proline in both fruit tissues. Moreover, numerous primary metabolites, such as proline and galacturonic acid, were differentially accumulated in calcium-exposed tissues. Calcium-affected genes that involved in ubiquitin/ubl conjugation and cell wall biogenesis/degradation were differentially expressed between skin and flesh samples. Notably, skin and flesh tissues shared common calcium-responsive genes and exhibited substantial similarity in their expression patterns. In both tissues, calcium activated gene expression, most strongly those involved in plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signaling and MAPK signaling pathway, thus affecting related metabolic processes. By contrast, calcium depressed the expression of genes related to TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and starch/sucrose metabolism in both tissues. This work established both calcium-driven common and specialized metabolic suites in skin and flesh cherry tissues, demonstrating the utility of this approach to characterize fundamental aspects of calcium in fruit physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Vaia Styliani Titeli
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Feidaki
- Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, P.O. Box 60361, Thessaloniki, GR, 57001, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece; Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Joint Laboratory of Horticulture, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece; Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece
| | - Anagnostis Argiriou
- Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, P.O. Box 60361, Thessaloniki, GR, 57001, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Thermi, 57001, Greece.
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Kim YX, Son SY, Lee S, Lee Y, Sung J, Lee CH. Effects of limited water supply on metabolite composition in tomato fruits ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) in two soils with different nutrient conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:983725. [PMID: 36161007 PMCID: PMC9492987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.983725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Effect of water supply to metabolites in tomato fruit was compared in two soils with different nutrient conditions, i.e., either limited or excess. Two types of soil nutrient condition, type A: nutrient-limited and type B: nutrient-excess, were prepared as follows; type A is a low nutrient-containing soil without a replenishment of starved nitrogen and phosphorous, type B is a high nutrient-containing soil exceeding the recommended fertilization. Soil water was adjusted either at -30 kPa (sufficient) or -80 kPa (limited). For harvested tomato fruits, we examined primary and secondary metabolites using non-targeted mass spectrometry based metabolomics. The fruit production and leaf SPAD were greatly dependent on soil nutrient levels, by contrast, the level of lycopene remained unchanged by different levels of water and nutrient supply. The perturbation of metabolites by water supply was clear in the nutrient-excess soil. In particular, limited water supply strongly decreased primary metabolites including sugars and amino acids. We demonstrated that water stress differently shifted primary metabolites of tomato fruits in two soils with different nutrient conditions via non-targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. In conclusion, we suggest that the limited water supply in soils with surplus nutrient is not a recommendable way for tomato 'cv. Super Dotaerang' production if fruit nutritional quality such as sugars and amino acids is in the consideration, although there was no disadvantage in fruit yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin X. Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Su Young Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seulbi Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Yejin Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Cytotoxic evaluation and chemical investigation of tomatoes from plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in uncontaminated and experimentally contaminated soils. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13024. [PMID: 35906264 PMCID: PMC9338037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity and the chemical composition of the tomato extracts coming from, Pomodoro Giallo and San Marzano Cirio 3, and then to evaluate the potential changes when plants were grown in soils contaminated by cadmium, chromium and lead. Extracts were investigated by UHPLC-HRMS and UV–Vis. Cell viability (CellTiter-Glo Luminescent assay), enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDEFLOUR Assay), cell cycle progression (Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer), apoptosis and necrosis (Annexin V-FITC assay) were evaluated on two gastric cancer (AGS and NCI-N87) and two colorectal cancer (HT-29 and HCT 116) cell lines. Different content of polyphenol and carotenoid constituents was observed. Extracts from uncontaminated soil induced cytotoxic activity towards all selected cancer cells, while extracts coming from contaminated soils showed the aberrant phenotype increased in colorectal cancer cells. Chloroform extracts exerted the highest cytotoxic activity. AGS and HT-29 were the most sensitive to cell cycle arrest and to apoptosis. No necrotic effect was observed in HCT 116. The contrasting effects on cancer cells were observed based on tomato variety, the extract polarity, heavy metal identity, and tested cell line. The investigation of potential adverse health effects due to Cd in the fruits should be explored.
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15
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Adedayo AA, Babalola OO, Prigent-Combaret C, Cruz C, Stefan M, Kutu F, Glick BR. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in Solanum lycopersicum production in the agricultural system: a review. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13405. [PMID: 35669957 PMCID: PMC9165593 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety is a significant challenge worldwide, from plantation to cultivation, especially for perishable products such as tomatoes. New eco-friendly strategies are needed, and beneficial microorganisms might be a sustainable solution. This study demonstrates bacteria activity in the tomato plant rhizosphere. Further, it investigates the rhizobacteria's structure, function, and diversity in soil. Rhizobacteria that promote the growth and development of tomato plants are referred to as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR). They form a series of associations with plants and other organisms in the soil through a mutualistic relationship where both parties benefit from living together. It implies the antagonistic activities of the rhizobacteria to deter pathogens from invading tomato plants through their roots. Some PGPR are regarded as biological control agents that hinder the development of spoilage organisms and can act as an alternative for agricultural chemicals that may be detrimental to the health of humans, animals, and some of the beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere soil. These bacteria also help tomato plants acquire essential nutrients like potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N). Some rhizobacteria may offer a solution to low tomato production and help tackle food insecurity and farming problems. In this review, an overview of soil-inhabiting rhizobacteria focused on improving the sustainable production of Solanum lycopersicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afeez Adesina Adedayo
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | | | - Cristina Cruz
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marius Stefan
- Faculty of Biology, Universitatea Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Iasi, Romania
| | - Funso Kutu
- Faculty of Agiculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Mpumalanga, South Africa
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Ishfaq M, Wang Y, Yan M, Wang Z, Wu L, Li C, Li X. Physiological Essence of Magnesium in Plants and Its Widespread Deficiency in the Farming System of China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:802274. [PMID: 35548291 PMCID: PMC9085447 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.802274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient for a wide array of fundamental physiological and biochemical processes in plants. It largely involves chlorophyll synthesis, production, transportation, and utilization of photoassimilates, enzyme activation, and protein synthesis. As a multifaceted result of the introduction of high-yielding fertilizer-responsive cultivars, intensive cropping without replenishment of Mg, soil acidification, and exchangeable Mg (Ex-Mg) leaching, Mg has become a limiting nutrient for optimum crop production. However, little literature is available to better understand distinct responses of plants to Mg deficiency, the geographical distribution of soil Ex-Mg, and the degree of Mg deficiency. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of key plant responses to Mg availability and, as far as possible, highlight spatial Mg distribution and the magnitude of Mg deficiency in different cultivated regions of the world with a special focus on China. In particular, ~55% of arable lands in China are revealed Mg-deficient (< 120 mg kg-1 soil Ex-Mg), and Mg deficiency literally becomes increasingly severe from northern (227-488 mg kg-1) to southern (32-89 mg kg-1) China. Mg deficiency primarily traced back to higher depletion of soil Ex-Mg by fruits, vegetables, sugarcane, tubers, tea, and tobacco cultivated in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Further, each unit decline in soil pH from neutral reduced ~2-fold soil Ex-Mg. This article underscores the physiological importance of Mg, potential risks associated with Mg deficiency, and accordingly, to optimize fertilization strategies for higher crop productivity and better quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishfaq
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liangquan Wu
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- International Magnesium Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuexian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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17
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Mu Y, Tang D, Mao L, Zhang D, Zhou P, Zhi Y, Zhang J. Phytoremediation of secondary saline soil by halophytes with the enhancement of γ-polyglutamic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131450. [PMID: 34246095 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization has severely affected the quality of tillage land in China, and most greenhouse soils in Shanghai suburb suffer from secondary salinization with high salinity levels dominated by Ca2+, Mg2+ and NO3-. In this work, a sandy loam soil (Calcaric Fluvisols) contaminated by the above ions was selected as research object, and the binding conditions and abilities of γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) to water-soluble Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the soil were examined, and then pot experiments were conducted to remove Ca2+, Mg2+ and NO3- by two halophytes (Sedum aizoon L., Sesbania cannabina Pers.) integrated with γ-PGA application. The results showed that under the conditions of adding 1000 mg L-1γ-PGA (pH 7) and 25 °C, the binding efficiencies of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were 51.59% and 68.03%, respectively. Compared with Sesbania cannabina Pers., Sedum aizoon L. displayed better remediation performance for the soil with γ-PGA application in pot experiments, and the removal efficiencies of Ca2+, Mg2+ and NO3- reached 93.25%, 94.78% and 84.26% after applying 1000 mg L-1γ-PGA for 56 d, respectively. Moreover, γ-PGA application could mitigate salt stress and promote plant growth, and activate antioxidant defense systems. Compared with the control, 1000 mg L-1γ-PGA application significantly increased plant height and fresh weight of Sedum aizoon L., and the removal efficiencies of Ca2+, Mg2+ and NO3- increased by 45.48%, 82.62% and 69.91%, respectively. In the future, more in-depth mechanism of joint effect and field-scale investigation need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Mu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dong Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, 400715, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China; Kaizhou Reform Research Center, Chongqing, 405400, China
| | - Liang Mao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, 415000, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yuee Zhi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jinzhong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Integrated Metabolomics and Volatolomics for Comparative Evaluation of Fermented Soy Products. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112516. [PMID: 34828797 PMCID: PMC8624193 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Though varying metabolomes are believed to influence distinctive characteristics of different soy foods, an in-depth, comprehensive analysis of both soluble and volatile metabolites is largely unreported. The metabolite profiles of different soy products, including cheonggukjang, meju, doenjang, and raw soybean, were characterized using LC-MS (liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry), GC-MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry), and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) GC-MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the datasets for the cheonggukjang, meju, and doenjang extracts were distinguished from the non-fermented soybean across PC1, while those for cheonggukjang and doenjang were separated across PC2. Volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles were clearly distinct among doenjang and soybean, cheonggukjang, and meju samples. Notably, the relative contents of the isoflavone glycosides and DDMP (2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one) conjugated soyasaponins were higher in soybean and cheonggukjang, compared to doenjang, while the isoflavone aglycones, non-DDMP conjugated soyasaponins, and amino acids were significantly higher in doenjang. Most VOCs, including the sulfur containing compounds aldehydes, esters, and furans, were relatively abundant in doenjang. However, pyrazines, 3-methylbutanoic acid, maltol, and methoxyphenol were higher in cheonggukjang, which contributed to the characteristic aroma of soy foods. We believe that this study provides the fundamental insights on soy food metabolomes, which determine their nutritional, functional, organoleptic, and aroma characteristics.
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Noncoding-RNA-Mediated Regulation in Response to Macronutrient Stress in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011205. [PMID: 34681864 PMCID: PMC8539900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macronutrient elements including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) are required in relatively large and steady amounts for plant growth and development. Deficient or excessive supply of macronutrients from external environments may trigger a series of plant responses at phenotypic and molecular levels during the entire life cycle. Among the intertwined molecular networks underlying plant responses to macronutrient stress, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), may serve as pivotal regulators for the coordination between nutrient supply and plant demand, while the responsive ncRNA-target module and the interactive mechanism vary among elements and species. Towards a comprehensive identification and functional characterization of nutrient-responsive ncRNAs and their downstream molecules, high-throughput sequencing has produced massive omics data for comparative expression profiling as a first step. In this review, we highlight the recent findings of ncRNA-mediated regulation in response to macronutrient stress, with special emphasis on the large-scale sequencing efforts for screening out candidate nutrient-responsive ncRNAs in plants, and discuss potential improvements in theoretical study to provide better guidance for crop breeding practices.
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20
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Lee H, Lee S, Kyung S, Ryu J, Kang S, Park M, Lee C. Metabolite Profiling and Anti-Aging Activity of Rice Koji Fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus cristatus: A Comparative Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:524. [PMID: 34436465 PMCID: PMC8398186 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice koji, used as a starter for maximizing fermentation benefits, produces versatile end products depending on the inoculum microbes used. Here, we performed metabolite profiling to compare rice koji fermented with two important filamentous fungus, Aspergillus oryzae and A. cristatus, during 8 days. The multivariate analyses showed distinct patterns of primary and secondary metabolites in the two kojis. The rice koji fermented with A. oryzae (RAO) showed increased α-glucosidase activity and higher contents of sugar derivatives than the one fermented with A. cristatus (RAC). RAC showed enhanced β-glucosidase activity and increased contents of flavonoids and lysophospholipids, compared to RAO. Overall, at the final fermentation stage (8 days), the antioxidant activities and anti-aging effects were higher in RAC than in RAO, corresponding to the increased metabolites such as flavonoids and auroglaucin derivatives in RAC. This comparative metabolomic approach can be applied in production optimization and quality control analyses of koji products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Seoyeon Kyung
- COSMAX BTI R&I Center, Pangyo inno Valley E, 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13486, Korea; (S.K.); (J.R.); (S.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Jeoungjin Ryu
- COSMAX BTI R&I Center, Pangyo inno Valley E, 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13486, Korea; (S.K.); (J.R.); (S.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Seunghyun Kang
- COSMAX BTI R&I Center, Pangyo inno Valley E, 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13486, Korea; (S.K.); (J.R.); (S.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Myeongsam Park
- COSMAX BTI R&I Center, Pangyo inno Valley E, 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13486, Korea; (S.K.); (J.R.); (S.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Choonghwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.L.); (S.L.)
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Kim YX, Son S, Lee S, Jung E, Lee Y, Sung J, Lee C. Combined Effects of Nutrients × Water × Light on Metabolite Composition in Tomato Fruits ( Solanum Lycopersicum L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071437. [PMID: 34371638 PMCID: PMC8309447 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tomato cultivation in the greenhouse can be facilitated by supplemental light. We compared the combined effects of nutrients, water, and supplemental light (red) on tomato fruit quality. To do this, three different nutrient conditions were tested, i.e., (1) low N, (2) standard N, and (3) high N. Water was supplied either at −30 kPa (sufficient) or −80 kPa (limited) of soil water potential. Supplemental red LED light was turned either on or off. The metabolites from tomato fruits were profiled using non-targeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomic approaches. The lycopene content was highest in the condition of high N and limited water in the absence of supplemental light. In the absence of red lighting, the lycopene contents were greatly affected by nutrient and water conditions. Under the red lighting, the nutrient and water conditions did not play an important role in enhancing lycopene content. Lower N resulted in low amino acids. Low N was also likely to enhance some soluble carbohydrates. Interestingly, the combination of low N and red light led to a significant increase in sucrose, maltose, and flavonoids. In high N soil, red light increased a majority of amino acids, including aspartic acid and GABA, and sugars. However, it decreased most of the secondary metabolites such as phenylpropanoids, polyamines, and alkaloids. The water supply effect was minor. We demonstrated that different nutrient conditions of soil resulted in a difference in metabolic composition in tomato fruits and the effect of red light was variable depending on nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin X. Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Suyoung Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Seulbi Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Eunsung Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Yejin Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (Y.X.K.); (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.L.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2512 (J.S.); +82-2-2049-6177 (C.L.)
| | - Choonghwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.L.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2512 (J.S.); +82-2-2049-6177 (C.L.)
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22
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Metabolomic-Based Comparison of Traditional and Industrial Doenjang Samples with Antioxidative Activities. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061377. [PMID: 34203585 PMCID: PMC8232091 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous varieties of doenjang are manufactured by many food companies using different ingredients and fermentation processes, and thus, the qualities such as taste and flavor are very different. Therefore, in this study, we compared many products, specifically, 19 traditional doenjang (TD) and 17 industrial doenjang (ID). Subsequently, we performed non-targeted metabolite profiling, and multivariate statistical analysis to discover distinct metabolites in two types of doenjang. Amino acids, organic acids, isoflavone aglycones, non-DDMP (2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4- one) soyasaponins, hydroxyisoflavones, and biogenic amines were relatively abundant in TD. On the contrary, contents of dipeptides, lysophospholipids, isoflavone glucosides and DDMP-conjugated soyasaponin, precursors of the above-mentioned metabolites, were comparatively higher in ID. We also observed relatively higher antioxidant, protease, and β-glucosidase activities in TD. Our results may provide valuable information on doenjang to consumers and manufacturers, which can be used while selecting and developing new products.
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Mun HI, Kwon MC, Lee NR, Son SY, Song DH, Lee CH. Comparing Metabolites and Functional Properties of Various Tomatoes Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Approach. Front Nutr 2021; 8:659646. [PMID: 33898504 PMCID: PMC8060453 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.659646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato is one of the world's most consumed vegetables, and thus, various cultivars have been developed. Therefore, metabolic differences and nutrient contents of various tomatoes need to be discovered. To do so, we performed metabolite profiling along with evaluation of morphological and physicochemical properties of five representative tomato types. Common tomato cultivars, bigger and heavier than other tomatoes, contained higher levels of amino acids, organic acids, and lipids. On the contrary, cherry tomato cultivars contained a higher proportion of phenylpropanoids, lycopene, β-carotene, and α-carotene than the other tomatoes. Also, the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in cherry tomato cultivars. Furthermore, to understand metabolic distributions in various tomato cultivars, we constructed a metabolic pathway map. The higher metabolic flux distribution of most primary metabolite synthetic pathways was observed in common tomatoes, while cherry tomato cultivars showed a significantly elevated flux in secondary metabolite synthetic pathways. Accordingly, these results provide valuable information of different characteristics in various tomatoes, which can be considered while purchasing and improving tomato cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha In Mun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Cheol Kwon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Na-Rae Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Young Son
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da Hye Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Kim YX, Kwon MC, Lee S, Jung ES, Lee CH, Sung J. Effects of Nutrient and Water Supply During Fruit Development on Metabolite Composition in Tomato Fruits ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) Grown in Magnesium Excess Soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:562399. [PMID: 33101331 PMCID: PMC7545823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.562399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tomato cultivation in the greenhouse or field may experience high surplus salts, including magnesium (Mg2+), which may result in differences in the growth and metabolite composition of fruits. This study hypothesized that decreasing the supply of nutrients and/or water would enhance tomato fruit quality in soils with excess Mg2+ that are frequently encountered in the field and aimed to find better supply conditions. For tomato plants cultivated in plastic pots using a plastic film house soil, the fertilizer supply varied in either the nitrogen (N) or potassium (K) concentration, which were either 0.1 (lowest) or 0.75 times (lower) than the standard fertilizer concentrations. Water was supplied either at 30 (sufficient) or 80 kPa (limited) of the soil water potential. Lycopene content on a dry-weight basis (mg/kg) was enhanced by the combination of lowest N supply and sufficient water supply. However, this enhancement was not occurred by the combination of the lowest N supply and limited water supply. Sugars and organic acids were decreased by limiting the water supply. Therefore, we carefully suggest that an adjustment of nitrogen with sufficient watering could be one of strategies to enhance fruit quality in excess Mg2+ soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin X. Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Min Cheol Kwon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seulbi Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Eun Sung Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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26
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Abreu AC, Fernández I. NMR Metabolomics Applied on the Discrimination of Variables Influencing Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum). Molecules 2020; 25:E3738. [PMID: 32824282 PMCID: PMC7463728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato composition and nutritional value are attracting increasing attention and interest from both consumers and producers. The interest in enhancing fruits' quality with respect to beneficious nutrients and flavor/aroma components is based not only in their economic added value but also in their implications involving organoleptic and healthy properties and has generated considerable research interest among nutraceutical and horticultural industries. The present article reviews up to March 2020 some of the most relevant studies based on the application of NMR coupled to multivariate statistical analysis that have addressed the investigation on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Specifically, the NMR untargeted technique in the agri-food sector can generate comprehensive data on metabolic networks and is paving the way towards the understanding of variables affecting tomato crops and composition such as origin, variety, salt-water irrigation, cultivation techniques, stage of development, among many others. Such knowledge is helpful to improve fruit quality through cultural practices that divert the metabolism towards the desired pathways and, probably more importantly, drives further efforts towards the differentiation of those crops developed under controlled and desired agronomical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, 04120 Almería, Spain;
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Qiu GL, Zhuang QG, Li YF, Li SY, Chen C, Li ZH, Zhao YY, Yang Y, Liu ZB. Correlation between fruit weight and nutritional metabolism during development in CPPU-treated Actinidia chinensis 'Hongyang'. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9724. [PMID: 32864222 PMCID: PMC7430263 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Forchlorfenuron, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea (CPPU), is often used to promote fruit growth and improve production. The role of CPPU in kiwifruit growth has been established. However, the correlation between fruit weight and nutritional metabolism during development after CPPU treatments remains largely undetermined. Here, we surveyed the variations in weight and nutrient components of the 'Hongyang' kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) when CPPU was sprayed on fruit 25 days after anthesis. The CPPU application did not significantly influence the dry matter, soluble solids, starch, vitamin C or protein concentrations. However, the fresh weight, length and maximum diameter were significantly increased compared with the control. Moreover, in fruit of the same developmental stage, the fructose, glucose and soluble sugar levels increased after the CPPU treatment, compared with the control. On the contrary, citric, quinic and titratable acid concentrations decreased. However, a correlation analysis between fresh weight and the nutritional contents revealed that CPPU did not affect the concentrations of the most abundant organic acids (quinic and citric) and sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose), compared with control fruit of the same weight. Therefore, CPPU applications enhance 'Hongyang' kiwifruit weight/size. However, there were no significant differences in the nutritional qualities of treated and untreated fruit having the same weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-liang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-guo Zhuang
- Kiwifruit Breeding and Utilization Key Laboratory, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cun Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng-hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-yang Zhao
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Mun HI, Kim YX, Suh DH, Lee S, Singh D, Jung ES, Lee CH, Sung J. Metabolomic response of Perilla frutescens leaves, an edible-medicinal herb, to acclimatize magnesium oversupply. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236813. [PMID: 32726342 PMCID: PMC7390343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High salt accumulation, resulting from the rampant use of chemical fertilizers in greenhouse cultivation, has deleterious effects on plant growth and crop yield. Herein, we delineated the effects of magnesium (Mg) oversupply on Perilla frutescens leaves, a traditional edible and medicinal herb used in East-Asian countries. Mg oversupply resulted in significantly higher chlorophyll content coupled with lower antioxidant activities and growth, suggesting a direct effect on subtle metabolomes. The relative abundance of bioactive phytochemicals, such as triterpenoids, flavonoids, and cinnamic acids, was lower in the Mg-oversupplied plants than in the control. Correlation analysis between plant phenotypes (plant height, total fresh weight of the shoot, leaf chlorophyll content, and leaf antioxidant content) and the altered metabolomes in P. frutescens leaves suggested an acclimatization mechanism to Mg oversupply. In conclusion, P. frutescens preferentially accumulated compatible solutes, i.e., carbohydrates and amino acids, to cope with higher environmental Mg levels, instead of employing secondary and antioxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha In Mun
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangmin X. Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Suh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seulbi Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Digar Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sung Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (CHL); (JS)
| | - Jwakyung Sung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
- * E-mail: (CHL); (JS)
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