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Sitte ZR, Karlsson EE, Li H, Zhou H, Lockett MR. Continuous flow delivery system for the perfusion of scaffold-based 3D cultures. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:4105-4114. [PMID: 39099241 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The paper-based culture platform developed by Whitesides readily incorporates tissue-like structures into laboratories with established workflows that rely on monolayer cultures. Cell-laden hydrogels are deposited in these porous scaffolds with micropipettes; these scaffolds support the thin gel slabs, allowing them to be evaluated individually or stacked into thick constructs. The paper-based culture platform has inspired many basic and translational studies, each exploring how readily accessible materials can generate complex structures that mimic aspects of tissues in vivo. Many of these examples have relied on static culture conditions, which result in diffusion-limited environments and cells experiencing pericellular hypoxia. Perfusion-based systems can alleviate pericellular hypoxia and other cell stresses by continually exposing the cells to fresh medium. These perfusion systems are common in microfluidic and organ-on-chip devices supporting cells as monolayer cultures or as 3D constructs. Here, we introduce a continuous flow delivery system, which uses parts readily produced with 3D printing to provide a self-contained culture platform in which cells in paper or other scaffolds are exposed to fresh (flowing) medium. We demonstrate the utility of this device with examples of cells maintained in single cell-laden scaffolds, stacks of cell-laden scaffolds, and scaffolds that contain monolayers of endothelial cells. These demonstrations highlight some possible experimental questions that can be enabled with readily accessible culture materials and a perfusion-based device that can be readily fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Sitte
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Elizabeth E Karlsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
| | - Haolin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA
- UNC Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7400, USA
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
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2
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Montorsi M, Pucci C, De Pasquale D, Marino A, Ceccarelli MC, Mazzuferi M, Bartolucci M, Petretto A, Prato M, Debellis D, De Simoni G, Pugliese G, Labardi M, Ciofani G. Ultrasound-Activated Piezoelectric Nanoparticles Trigger Microglia Activity Against Glioblastoma Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304331. [PMID: 38509761 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain cancer, characterized by a rapid and drug-resistant progression. GBM "builds" around its primary core a genetically heterogeneous tumor-microenvironment (TME), recruiting surrounding healthy brain cells by releasing various intercellular signals. Glioma-associated microglia (GAM) represent the largest population of collaborating cells, which, in the TME, usually exhibit the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, thus promoting an immunosuppressing environment that helps tumor growth. Conversely, "classically activated" M1 microglia could provide proinflammatory and antitumorigenic activity, expected to exert a beneficial effect in defeating glioblastoma. In this work, an immunotherapy approach based on proinflammatory modulation of the GAM phenotype is proposed, through a controlled and localized electrical stimulation. The developed strategy relies on the wireless ultrasonic excitation of polymeric piezoelectric nanoparticles coated with GBM cell membrane extracts, to exploit homotypic targeting in antiglioma applications. Such camouflaged nanotransducers locally generate electrical cues on GAM membranes, activating their M1 phenotype and ultimately triggering a promising anticancer activity. Collected findings open new perspectives in the modulation of immune cell activities through "smart" nanomaterials and, more specifically, provide an innovative auspicious tool in glioma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Montorsi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pucci
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Daniele De Pasquale
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Attilio Marino
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Ceccarelli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, The BioRobotics Institute, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzuferi
- Politecnico di Torino, DIMEAS, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Martina Bartolucci
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, Genova, 16147, Italy
| | - Andrea Petretto
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Core Facilities-Clinical Proteomics and Metabolomics, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, Genova, 16147, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Materials Characterization Facility, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Doriana Debellis
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Electron Microscopy Facility, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Giorgio De Simoni
- CNR, Nanoscience Institute, NEST Laboratory, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Giammarino Pugliese
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Chemistry Facility, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
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3
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Li X, Wang M, Davis TP, Zhang L, Qiao R. Advancing Tissue Culture with Light-Driven 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:301. [PMID: 38920605 PMCID: PMC11201418 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing presents a compelling alternative for fabricating microfluidic devices, circumventing certain limitations associated with traditional soft lithography methods. Microfluidics play a crucial role in the biomedical sciences, particularly in the creation of tissue spheroids and pharmaceutical research. Among the various 3D printing techniques, light-driven methods such as stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), and photopolymer inkjet printing have gained prominence in microfluidics due to their rapid prototyping capabilities, high-resolution printing, and low processing temperatures. This review offers a comprehensive overview of light-driven 3D printing techniques used in the fabrication of advanced microfluidic devices. It explores biomedical applications for 3D-printed microfluidics and provides insights into their potential impact and functionality within the biomedical field. We further summarize three light-driven 3D printing strategies for producing biomedical microfluidic systems: direct construction of microfluidic devices for cell culture, PDMS-based microfluidic devices for tissue engineering, and a modular SLA-printed microfluidic chip to co-culture and monitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liwen Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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4
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Brown JA, Faley SL, Judge M, Ward P, Ihrie RA, Carson R, Armstrong L, Sahin M, Wikswo JP, Ess KC, Neely MD. Rescue of impaired blood-brain barrier in tuberous sclerosis complex patient derived neurovascular unit. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:27. [PMID: 38783199 PMCID: PMC11112784 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multi-system genetic disease that causes benign tumors in the brain and other vital organs. The most debilitating symptoms result from involvement of the central nervous system and lead to a multitude of severe symptoms including seizures, intellectual disability, autism, and behavioral problems. TSC is caused by heterozygous mutations of either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene and dysregulation of mTOR kinase with its multifaceted downstream signaling alterations is central to disease pathogenesis. Although the neurological sequelae of the disease are well established, little is known about how these mutations might affect cellular components and the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). METHODS We generated TSC disease-specific cell models of the BBB by leveraging human induced pluripotent stem cell and microfluidic cell culture technologies. RESULTS Using microphysiological systems, we demonstrate that a BBB generated from TSC2 heterozygous mutant cells shows increased permeability. This can be rescued by wild type astrocytes or by treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR kinase inhibitor. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the utility of microphysiological systems to study human neurological disorders and advance our knowledge of cell lineages contributing to TSC pathogenesis and informs future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn A Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Shannon L Faley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Monika Judge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Patricia Ward
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Rebecca A Ihrie
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Robert Carson
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Laura Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Rosamund Stone Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - John P Wikswo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
| | - M Diana Neely
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
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5
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Kida R, Tsugane M, Suzuki H. Horizontal and vertical microchamber platforms for evaluation of the paracellular permeability of an epithelial cell monolayer. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:572-583. [PMID: 38175144 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial cells serve as a barrier by tightly adhering to each other and contribute to the homeostasis of living organisms by controlling substance permeation. Therefore, evaluation of the barrier function is important in pharmaceutical development processes. However, the widely used Transwell-based assays require the development of the defect-free epithelial cell monolayer above several tens of mm2, often resulting in low reproducibility and requiring a long incubation time. In addition, the culture surface of cells is far from the bottom of the well plate, making it difficult to observe the cell morphology using an optical microscope. Herein, we propose simple polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic devices for evaluating the barrier function of an epithelial monolayer using a microchamber array. After the formation of the epithelial monolayer over microchambers, the permeation of the marker molecules introduced above resulted in increased fluorescence intensity in microchambers, which was monitored using confocal laser scanning microscopy. We show that using this technique, alteration of the paracellular permeability induced by sodium caprate (C10) and cytochalasin-D, permeation enhancing factors, can be elucidated. Furthermore, by tilting the microchamber device 90 degrees, the vertical cell section and microchambers were imaged in the same focal plane, allowing for live visualization of the passage of fluorescent substances across the cell monolayer. This technique is expected to be useful for investigating the relationship between paracellular permeability and cell morphology, which is unattainable through conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuya Kida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Kasuga 1-13-27, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Mamiko Tsugane
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Kasuga 1-13-27, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Kasuga 1-13-27, Bunkyo-ku, 112-8551, Japan.
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6
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Rahman S, Kwee B, Li M, Chidambaram M, He X, Bryant M, Mehta D, Nakamura N, Phanavanh B, Fisher J, Sung K. Evaluation of a microphysiological human placental barrier model for studying placental drug transfer. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108523. [PMID: 38092131 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding drug transport across the placental barrier is important for assessing the potential fetal drug toxicity and birth defect risks. Current in vivo and in vitro models have structural and functional limitations in evaluating placental drug transfer and toxicity. Microphysiological systems (MPSs) offer more accurate and relevant physiological models of human tissues and organs on a miniature scale for drug development and toxicology testing. MPSs for the placental barrier have been recently explored to study placental drug transfer. We utilized a multilayered hydrogel membrane-based microphysiological model composed of human placental epithelial and endothelial cells to replicate the key structure and function of the human placental barrier. A macroscale human placental barrier model was created using a transwell to compare the results with the microphysiological model. Placental barrier models were characterized by assessing monolayer formation, intercellular junctions, barrier permeability, and their structural integrity. Three small-molecule drugs (glyburide, rifaximin, and caffeine) that are prescribed or taken during pregnancy were studied for their placental transfer. The results showed that all three drugs crossed the placental barrier, with transfer rates in the following order: glyburide (molecular weight, MW = 494 Da) < rifaximin (MW = 785.9 Da) < caffeine (MW = 194.19 Da). Using non-compartmental analysis, we estimated human pharmacokinetic characteristics based on in vitro data from both MPS and transwell models. While further research is needed, our findings suggest that MPS holds potential as an in vitro tool for studying placental drug transfer and predicting fetal exposure, offering insights into pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekh Rahman
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
| | - Brian Kwee
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Miao Li
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Mani Chidambaram
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Xiaobo He
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Matthew Bryant
- Office of Scientific Coordination, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Darshan Mehta
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Noriko Nakamura
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Bounleut Phanavanh
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Jeffery Fisher
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Kyung Sung
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
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7
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Kouthouridis S, Sotra A, Khan Z, Alvarado J, Raha S, Zhang B. Modeling the Progression of Placental Transport from Early- to Late-Stage Pregnancy by Tuning Trophoblast Differentiation and Vascularization. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301428. [PMID: 37830445 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The early-stage placental barrier is characterized by a lack of fetal circulation and by a thick trophoblastic barrier, whereas the later-stage placenta consists of vascularized chorionic villi encased in a thin, differentiated trophoblast layer, ideal for nutrient transport. In this work, predictive models of early- and late-stage placental transport are created using blastocyst-derived placental stem cells (PSCs) by modulating PSC differentiation and model vascularization. PSC differentiation results in a thinner, fused trophoblast layer, as well as an increase in human chorionic gonadotropin secretion, barrier permeability, and secretion of certain inflammatory cytokines, which are consistent with in vivo findings. Further, gene expression confirms this shift toward a differentiated trophoblast subtype. Vascularization results in a molecule type- and size-dependent change in dextran and insulin permeability. These results demonstrate that trophoblast differentiation and vascularization have critical effects on placental barrier permeability and that this model can be used as a predictive measure to assess fetal toxicity of xenobiotic substances at different stages of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Kouthouridis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alexander Sotra
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zaim Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Justin Alvarado
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Department of Pediatrics and the Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
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8
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Fernandez-Carro E, Salomon-Cambero R, Armero L, Castro-Abril HA, Ayensa-Jiménez J, Martínez MA, Ochoa I, Alcaine C, García I, Ciriza J. Nanoparticles Stokes radius assessment through permeability coefficient determination within a new stratified epithelium on-chip model. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:466-475. [PMID: 37665604 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2253534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue barrier permeability plays a crucial role in determining the selective transport of substances across epithelial tissues, including drugs, cosmetic substances, and chemicals. The ability of these substances to cross through tissue barriers affects their absorption into the bloodstream and ultimately their effectiveness. Therefore, the determination of their permeability on these type of tissue barriers represents a useful tool for pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries as well as for toxicological studies.In this regard, microfluidic devices and organ-on-chip technologies are becoming more important to generate reliable data. We have designed and performed an alternative new stratified epithelia-on-chip model that allows to correlate the Stokes radius and the diffusion of molecules and/or nanoformulations through the in vitro generated barrier and establish a system suitable for the analysis of diffusion through stratified epithelium. Thus, extrapolating from experimental data we can predict the Stokes radius for unknown fluorescent labelled particles within a molecular size range, such as gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fernandez-Carro
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - R Salomon-Cambero
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L Armero
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - H A Castro-Abril
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Ayensa-Jiménez
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - I Ochoa
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - C Alcaine
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I García
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - J Ciriza
- Tissue Microenvironment (TME) Lab. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
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9
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Slattery O, Dahle MK, Sundaram AYM, Nowak BF, Gjessing MC, Solhaug A. Functional and molecular characterization of the Atlantic salmon gill epithelium cell line ASG-10; a tool for in vitro gill research. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1242879. [PMID: 37916189 PMCID: PMC10616884 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1242879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish gills are not only the respiratory organ, but also essential for ion-regulation, acid-base control, detoxification, waste excretion and host defense. Multifactorial gill diseases are common in farmed Atlantic salmon, and still poorly understood. Understanding gill pathophysiology is of paramount importance, but the sacrifice of large numbers of experimental animals for this purpose should be avoided. Therefore, in vitro models, such as cell lines, are urgently required to replace fish trials. An Atlantic salmon gill epithelial cell line, ASG-10, was established at the Norwegian Veterinary institute in 2018. This cell line forms a monolayer expressing cytokeratin, e-cadherin and desmosomes, hallmarks of a functional epithelial barrier. To determine the value of ASG-10 for comparative studies of gill functions, the characterization of ASG-10 was taken one step further by performing functional assays and comparing the cell proteome and transcriptome with those of gills from juvenile freshwater Atlantic salmon. The ASG-10 cell line appear to be a homogenous cell line consisting of epithelial cells, which express tight junction proteins. We demonstrated that ASG-10 forms a barrier, both alone and in co-culture with the Atlantic salmon gill fibroblast cell line ASG-13. ASG-10 cells can phagocytose and express several ATP-binding cassette transport proteins. Additionally, ASG-10 expresses genes involved in biotransformation of xenobiotics and immune responses. Taken together, this study provides an overview of functions that can be studied using ASG-10, which will be an important contribution to in vitro gill epithelial research of Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla Slattery
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Arvind Y. M. Sundaram
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara F. Nowak
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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10
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Tincu (Iurciuc) CE, Andrițoiu CV, Popa M, Ochiuz L. Recent Advancements and Strategies for Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier Using Albumin-Based Drug Delivery Systems to Treat Brain Cancer, with a Focus on Glioblastoma. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3969. [PMID: 37836018 PMCID: PMC10575401 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor, and the most prevalent primary malignant tumor affecting the brain and central nervous system. Recent research indicates that the genetic profile of GBM makes it resistant to drugs and radiation. However, the main obstacle in treating GBM is transporting drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Albumin is a versatile biomaterial for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The efficiency of albumin-based delivery systems is determined by their ability to improve tumor targeting and accumulation. In this review, we will discuss the prevalence of human glioblastoma and the currently adopted treatment, as well as the structure and some essential functions of the BBB, to transport drugs through this barrier. We will also mention some aspects related to the blood-tumor brain barrier (BTBB) that lead to poor treatment efficacy. The properties and structure of serum albumin were highlighted, such as its role in targeting brain tumors, as well as the progress made until now regarding the techniques for obtaining albumin nanoparticles and their functionalization, in order to overcome the BBB and treat cancer, especially human glioblastoma. The albumin drug delivery nanosystems mentioned in this paper have improved properties and can overcome the BBB to target brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia-Elena Tincu (Iurciuc)
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 73, Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Călin Vasile Andrițoiu
- Apitherapy Medical Center, Balanesti, Nr. 336-337, 217036 Gorj, Romania;
- Specialization of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Liviu Rebreanu Street, 86, 310045 Arad, Romania
| | - Marcel Popa
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Protection of the Environment, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, 73, Prof. Dimitrie Mangeron Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 11, Pacurari Street, 700511 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lăcrămioara Ochiuz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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11
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Sigdel I, Ofori-Kwafo A, Heizelman RJ, Nestor-Kalinoski A, Prabhakarpandian B, Tiwari AK, Tang Y. Biomimetic on-chip assay reveals the anti-metastatic potential of a novel thienopyrimidine compound in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1227119. [PMID: 37840664 PMCID: PMC10569307 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1227119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study presents a microfluidic tumor microenvironment (TME) model for evaluating the anti-metastatic efficacy of a novel thienopyrimidines analog with anti-cancer properties utilizing an existing commercial platform. The microfluidic device consists of a tissue compartment flanked by vascular channels, allowing for the co-culture of multiple cell types and providing a wide range of culturing conditions in one device. Methods: Human metastatic, drug-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells (SUM159PTX) and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to model the TME. A dynamic perfusion scheme was employed to facilitate EC physiological function and lumen formation. Results: The measured permeability of the EC barrier was comparable to observed microvessels permeability in vivo. The TNBC cells formed a 3D tumor, and co-culture with HUVEC negatively impacted EC barrier integrity. The microfluidic TME was then used to model the intravenous route of drug delivery. Paclitaxel (PTX) and a novel non-apoptotic agent TPH104c were introduced via the vascular channels and successfully reached the TNBC tumor, resulting in both time and concentration-dependent tumor growth inhibition. PTX treatment significantly reduced EC barrier integrity, highlighting the adverse effects of PTX on vascular ECs. TPH104c preserved EC barrier integrity and prevented TNBC intravasation. Discussion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of microfluidics for studying complex biological processes in a controlled environment and evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in more physiologically relevant conditions. This model can be a valuable tool for screening potential anticancer drugs and developing personalized cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Sigdel
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Awurama Ofori-Kwafo
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Robert J. Heizelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Andrea Nestor-Kalinoski
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | | | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Yuan Tang
- Biofluidics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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12
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Yau A, Jogdand A, Chen Y. Blood-brain-barrier modeling with tissue chips for research applications in space and on Earth. FRONTIERS IN SPACE TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 4:1176943. [PMID: 38915909 PMCID: PMC11195916 DOI: 10.3389/frspt.2023.1176943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Tissue chip technology has revolutionized biomedical applications and the medical science field for the past few decades. Currently, tissue chips are one of the most powerful research tools aiding in in vitro work to accurately predict the outcome of studies when compared to monolayer two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. While 2D cell cultures held prominence for a long time, their lack of biomimicry has resulted in a transition to 3D cell cultures, including tissue chips technology, to overcome the discrepancies often seen in in vitro studies. Due to their wide range of applications, different organ systems have been studied over the years, one of which is the blood brain barrier (BBB) which is discussed in this review. The BBB is an incredible protective unit of the body, keeping out pathogens from entering the brain through vasculature. However, there are some microbes and certain diseases that disrupt the function of this barrier which can lead to detrimental outcomes. Over the past few years, various designs of the BBB have been proposed and modeled to study drug delivery and disease modeling on Earth. More recently, researchers have started to utilize tissue chips in space to study the effects of microgravity on human health. BBB tissue chips in space can be a tool to understand function mechanisms and therapeutics. This review addresses the limitations of monolayer cell culture which could be overcome with utilizing tissue chips technology. Current BBB models on Earth and how they are fabricated as well as what influences the BBB cell culture in tissue chips are discussed. Then, this article reviews how application of these technologies together with incorporating biosensors in space would be beneficial to help in predicting a more accurate physiological response in specific tissue or organ chips. Finally, the current platforms used in space and some solutions to overcome some shortcomings for future BBB tissue chip research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yupeng Chen
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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13
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Man K, Liu J, Liang C, Corona C, Story MD, Meckes B, Yang Y. Biomimetic Human Lung Alveolar Interstitium Chip with Extended Longevity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:36888-36898. [PMID: 37463843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Determining the mechanistic causes of lung diseases, developing new treatments thereof, and assessing toxicity whether from chemical exposures or engineered nanomaterials would benefit significantly from a preclinical human lung alveolar interstitium model of physiological relevance. The existing preclinical models have limitations because they fail to replicate the key anatomical and physiological characteristics of human alveoli. Thus, a human lung alveolar interstitium chip was developed to imitate key alveolar microenvironmental factors including an electrospun nanofibrous membrane as the analogue of the basement membrane for co-culture of epithelial cells with fibroblasts embedded in 3D collagenous gels, physiologically relevant interstitial matrix stiffness, interstitial fluid flow, and 3D breathing-like mechanical stretch. The biomimetic chip substantially improved the epithelial barrier function compared to transwell models. Moreover, the chip having a gel made of a collagen I-fibrin blend as the interstitial matrix sustained the interstitium integrity and further enhanced the epithelial barrier, resulting in a longevity that extended beyond eight weeks. The assessment of multiwalled carbon nanotube toxicity on the chip was in line with the animal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Man
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Cindy Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Christopher Corona
- Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Michael D Story
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Brian Meckes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
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14
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Marr EE, Mulhern TJ, Welch M, Keegan P, Caballero-Franco C, Johnson BG, Kasaian M, Azizgolshani H, Petrie T, Charest J, Wiellette E. A platform to reproducibly evaluate human colon permeability and damage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8922. [PMID: 37264117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium comprises diverse cell types and executes many specialized functions as the primary interface between luminal contents and internal organs. A key function provided by the epithelium is maintenance of a barrier that protects the individual from pathogens, irritating luminal contents, and the microbiota. Disruption of this barrier can lead to inflammatory disease within the intestinal mucosa, and, in more severe cases, to sepsis. Animal models to study intestinal permeability are costly and not entirely predictive of human biology. Here we present a model of human colon barrier function that integrates primary human colon stem cells into Draper's PREDICT96 microfluidic organ-on-chip platform to yield a high-throughput system appropriate to predict damage and healing of the human colon epithelial barrier. We have demonstrated pharmacologically induced barrier damage measured by both a high throughput molecular permeability assay and transepithelial resistance. Using these assays, we developed an Inflammatory Bowel Disease-relevant model through cytokine induced damage that can support studies of disease mechanisms and putative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philip Keegan
- Draper, 555 Technology Sq., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Bryce G Johnson
- Pfizer Inflammation and Immunology, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marion Kasaian
- Pfizer Inflammation and Immunology, 1 Portland St., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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15
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Dufva M. A quantitative meta-analysis comparing cell models in perfused organ on a chip with static cell cultures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8233. [PMID: 37217582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As many consider organ on a chip for better in vitro models, it is timely to extract quantitative data from the literature to compare responses of cells under flow in chips to corresponding static incubations. Of 2828 screened articles, 464 articles described flow for cell culture and 146 contained correct controls and quantified data. Analysis of 1718 ratios between biomarkers measured in cells under flow and static cultures showed that the in all cell types, many biomarkers were unregulated by flow and only some specific biomarkers responded strongly to flow. Biomarkers in cells from the blood vessels walls, the intestine, tumours, pancreatic island, and the liver reacted most strongly to flow. Only 26 biomarkers were analysed in at least two different articles for a given cell type. Of these, the CYP3A4 activity in CaCo2 cells and PXR mRNA levels in hepatocytes were induced more than two-fold by flow. Furthermore, the reproducibility between articles was low as 52 of 95 articles did not show the same response to flow for a given biomarker. Flow showed overall very little improvements in 2D cultures but a slight improvement in 3D cultures suggesting that high density cell culture may benefit from flow. In conclusion, the gains of perfusion are relatively modest, larger gains are linked to specific biomarkers in certain cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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16
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Sahoo DK, Martinez MN, Dao K, Gabriel V, Zdyrski C, Jergens AE, Atherly T, Iennarella-Servantez CA, Burns LE, Schrunk D, Volpe DA, Allenspach K, Mochel JP. Canine Intestinal Organoids as a Novel In Vitro Model of Intestinal Drug Permeability: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091269. [PMID: 37174669 PMCID: PMC10177590 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A key component of efforts to identify the biological and drug-specific aspects contributing to therapeutic failure or unexpected exposure-associated toxicity is the study of drug-intestinal barrier interactions. While methods supporting such assessments are widely described for human therapeutics, relatively little information is available for similar evaluations in support of veterinary pharmaceuticals. There is, therefore, a critical need to develop novel approaches for evaluating drug-gut interactions in veterinary medicine. Three-dimensional (3D) organoids can address these difficulties in a reasonably affordable system that circumvents the need for more invasive in vivo assays in live animals. However, a first step in developing such systems is understanding organoid interactions in a 2D monolayer. Given the importance of orally administered medications for meeting the therapeutic need of companion animals, we demonstrate growth conditions under which canine-colonoid-derived intestinal epithelial cells survive, mature, and differentiate into confluent cell systems with high monolayer integrity. We further examine the applicability of this canine-colonoid-derived 2D model to assess the permeability of three structurally diverse, passively absorbed β-blockers (e.g., propranolol, metoprolol, and atenolol). Both the absorptive and secretive apparent permeability (Papp) of these drugs at two different pH conditions were evaluated in canine-colonoid-derived monolayers and compared with that of Caco-2 cells. This proof-of-concept study provides promising preliminary results with regard to the utility of canine-derived organoid monolayers for species-specific assessments of therapeutic drug passive permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Marilyn N Martinez
- Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kimberly Dao
- 3D Health Solutions, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Vojtech Gabriel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Christopher Zdyrski
- 3D Health Solutions, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Albert E Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Todd Atherly
- 3D Health Solutions, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Laura E Burns
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dwayne Schrunk
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Donna A Volpe
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20852, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- 3D Health Solutions, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- 3D Health Solutions, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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17
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Chiang CY, Lin YJ, Weng WT, Lin HD, Lu CY, Chen WJ, Shih CY, Lin PY, Lin SZ, Ho TJ, Shibu MA, Huang CY. Recuperative herbal formula Jing Si maintains vasculature permeability balance, regulates inflammation and assuages concomitants of "Long-Covid". Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114752. [PMID: 37116351 PMCID: PMC10130602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide health threat that has long-term effects on the patients and there is currently no efficient cure prescribed for the treatment and the prolonging effects. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been reported to exert therapeutic effect against COVID-19. In this study, the therapeutic effects of Jing Si herbal tea (JSHT) against COVID-19 infection and associated long-term effects were evaluated in different in vitro and in vivo models. The anti-inflammatory effects of JSHT were studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and in Omicron pseudotyped virus-induced acute lung injury model. The effect of JSHT on cellular stress was determined in HK-2 proximal tubular cells and H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. The therapeutic benefits of JSHT on anhedonia and depression symptoms associated with long COVID were evaluated in mice models for unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). JSHT inhibited the NF-ƙB activities, and significantly reduced LPS-induced expression of TNFα, COX-2, NLRP3 inflammasome, and HMGB1. JSHT was also found to significantly suppress the production of NO by reducing iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further, the protective effects of JSHT on lung tissue were confirmed based on mitigation of lung injury, repression in TMRRSS2 and HMGB-1 expression and reduction of cytokine storm in the Omicron pseudotyped virus-induced acute lung injury model. JSHT treatment in UCMS models also relieved chronic stress and combated depression symptoms. The results therefore show that JSHT attenuates the cytokine storm by repressing NF-κB cascades and provides the protective functions against symptoms associated with long COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yi Chiang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Weng
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Dao Lin
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-You Lu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jing Chen
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Yen Shih
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation Hospital, Hualien 97002, Tawian
| | - Pi-Yu Lin
- Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation Hospital, Hualien 97002, Tawian; Bioinnovation Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Post-Baccalaure-ate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004,Taiwan; Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, HualienTzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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18
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Monteduro AG, Rizzato S, Caragnano G, Trapani A, Giannelli G, Maruccio G. Organs-on-chips technologies – A guide from disease models to opportunities for drug development. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 231:115271. [PMID: 37060819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Current in-vitro 2D cultures and animal models present severe limitations in recapitulating human physiopathology with striking discrepancies in estimating drug efficacy and side effects when compared to human trials. For these reasons, microphysiological systems, organ-on-chip and multiorgans microdevices attracted considerable attention as novel tools for high-throughput and high-content research to achieve an improved understanding of diseases and to accelerate the drug development process towards more precise and eventually personalized standards. This review takes the form of a guide on this fast-growing field, providing useful introduction to major themes and indications for further readings. We start analyzing Organs-on-chips (OOC) technologies for testing the major drug administration routes: (1) oral/rectal route by intestine-on-a-chip, (2) inhalation by lung-on-a-chip, (3) transdermal by skin-on-a-chip and (4) intravenous through vascularization models, considering how drugs penetrate in the bloodstream and are conveyed to their targets. Then, we focus on OOC models for (other) specific organs and diseases: (1) neurodegenerative diseases with brain models and blood brain barriers, (2) tumor models including their vascularization, organoids/spheroids, engineering and screening of antitumor drugs, (3) liver/kidney on chips and multiorgan models for gastrointestinal diseases and metabolic assessment of drugs and (4) biomechanical systems recapitulating heart, muscles and bones structures and related diseases. Successively, we discuss technologies and materials for organ on chips, analyzing (1) microfluidic tools for organs-on-chips, (2) sensor integration for real-time monitoring, (3) materials and (4) cell lines for organs on chips. (Nano)delivery approaches for therapeutics and their on chip assessment are also described. Finally, we conclude with a critical discussion on current significance/relevance, trends, limitations, challenges and future prospects in terms of revolutionary impact on biomedical research, preclinical models and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grazia Monteduro
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Silvia Rizzato
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giusi Caragnano
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi", University of Salento and Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR-Nanotec and INFN Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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19
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Salipante PF. Microfluidic techniques for mechanical measurements of biological samples. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011303. [PMID: 38505816 PMCID: PMC10903441 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The use of microfluidics to make mechanical property measurements is increasingly common. Fabrication of microfluidic devices has enabled various types of flow control and sensor integration at micrometer length scales to interrogate biological materials. For rheological measurements of biofluids, the small length scales are well suited to reach high rates, and measurements can be made on droplet-sized samples. The control of flow fields, constrictions, and external fields can be used in microfluidics to make mechanical measurements of individual bioparticle properties, often at high sampling rates for high-throughput measurements. Microfluidics also enables the measurement of bio-surfaces, such as the elasticity and permeability properties of layers of cells cultured in microfluidic devices. Recent progress on these topics is reviewed, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Salipante
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Polymers and Complex Fluids Group, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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20
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Human mini-blood-brain barrier models for biomedical neuroscience research: a review. Biomater Res 2022; 26:82. [PMID: 36527159 PMCID: PMC9756735 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique multicellular structure that is in critical demand for fundamental neuroscience studies and therapeutic evaluation. Despite substantial achievements in creating in vitro human BBB platforms, challenges in generating specifics of physiopathological relevance are viewed as impediments to the establishment of in vitro models. In this review, we provide insight into the development and deployment of in vitro BBB models that allow investigation of the physiology and pathology of neurological therapeutic avenues. First, we highlight the critical components, including cell sources, biomaterial glue collections, and engineering techniques to reconstruct a miniaturized human BBB. Second, we describe recent breakthroughs in human mini-BBBs for investigating biological mechanisms in neurology. Finally, we discuss the application of human mini-BBBs to medical approaches. This review provides strategies for understanding neurological diseases, a validation model for drug discovery, and a potential approach for generating personalized medicine.
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21
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Rahimnejad M, Rasouli F, Jahangiri S, Ahmadi S, Rabiee N, Ramezani Farani M, Akhavan O, Asadnia M, Fatahi Y, Hong S, Lee J, Lee J, Hahn SK. Engineered Biomimetic Membranes for Organ-on-a-Chip. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:5038-5059. [PMID: 36347501 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems are engineered nanobiosystems to mimic the physiochemical environment of a specific organ in the body. Among various components of OOC systems, biomimetic membranes have been regarded as one of the most important key components to develop controllable biomimetic bioanalysis systems. Here, we review the preparation and characterization of biomimetic membranes in comparison with the features of the extracellular matrix. After that, we review and discuss the latest applications of engineered biomimetic membranes to fabricate various organs on a chip, such as liver, kidney, intestine, lung, skin, heart, vasculature and blood vessels, brain, and multiorgans with perspectives for further biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fariba Rasouli
- Bioceramics and Implants Laboratory, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174-66191, Iran
| | - Sepideh Jahangiri
- Research Centre, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Omid Akhavan
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
| | - Sanghoon Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Jungho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
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22
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Doryab A, Schmid O. Towards a gold standard functional readout to characterize In Vitro lung barriers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 179:106305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Harding IC, O'Hare NR, Vigliotti M, Caraballo A, Lee CI, Millican K, Herman IM, Ebong EE. Developing a transwell millifluidic device for studying blood-brain barrier endothelium. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4603-4620. [PMID: 36326069 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00657j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cell (EC) function depends on flow conditions and on supportive cells, like pericytes and astrocytes, which have been shown to be both beneficial and detrimental for brain EC function. Most studies investigating BBB EC function lack physiological relevance, using sub-physiological shear stress magnitudes and/or omitting pericytes and astrocytes. In this study, we developed a millifluidic device compatible with standard transwell inserts to investigate BBB function. In contrast to standard polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices, this model allows for easy, reproducible shear stress exposure without common limitations of PDMS devices such as inadequate nutrient diffusion and air bubble formation. In no-flow conditions, we first used the device to examine the impact of primary human pericytes and astrocytes on human brain microvascular EC (HBMEC) barrier integrity. Astrocytes, pericytes, and a 1-to-1 ratio of both cell types increased HBMEC barrier integrity via reduced 3 and 40 kDa fluorescent dextran permeability and increased claudin-5 expression. There were differing levels of low 3 kDa permeability in HBMEC-pericyte, HBMEC-astrocyte, and HBMEC-astrocyte-pericyte co-cultures, while levels of low 40 kDa permeability were consistent across co-cultures. The 3 kDa findings suggest that pericytes provide more barrier support to the BBB model compared to astrocytes, although both supportive cell types are permeability reducers. Incorporation of 24-hour 12 dynes per cm2 flow significantly reduced dextran permeability in HBMEC monolayers, but not in the tri-culture model. These results indicate that tri-culture may exert more pronounced impact on overall BBB permeability than flow exposure. In both cases, monolayer and tri-culture, flow exposure interestingly reduced HBMEC expression of both claudin-5 and occludin. ZO-1 expression, and localization at cell-cell junctions increased in the tri-culture but exhibited no apparent change in the HBMEC monolayer. Under flow conditions, we also observed HBMEC alignment in the tri-culture but not in HBMEC monolayers, indicating supportive cells and flow are both essential to observe brain EC alignment in vitro. Collectively, these results support the necessity of physiologically relevant, multicellular BBB models when investigating BBB EC function. Consideration of the roles of shear stress and supportive cells within the BBB is critical for elucidating the physiology of the neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Harding
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas R O'Hare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Mark Vigliotti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Alex Caraballo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Claire I Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karina Millican
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ira M Herman
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Innovations in Wound Healing Research, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 129 Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering Complex, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Mansouri M, Ahmed A, Ahmad SD, McCloskey MC, Joshi IM, Gaborski TR, Waugh RE, McGrath JL, Day SW, Abhyankar VV. The Modular µSiM Reconfigured: Integration of Microfluidic Capabilities to Study In Vitro Barrier Tissue Models under Flow. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200802. [PMID: 35953453 PMCID: PMC9798530 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic tissue barrier models have emerged to address the lack of physiological fluid flow in conventional "open-well" Transwell-like devices. However, microfluidic techniques have not achieved widespread usage in bioscience laboratories because they are not fully compatible with traditional experimental protocols. To advance barrier tissue research, there is a need for a platform that combines the key advantages of both conventional open-well and microfluidic systems. Here, a plug-and-play flow module is developed to introduce on-demand microfluidic flow capabilities to an open-well device that features a nanoporous membrane and live-cell imaging capabilities. The magnetic latching assembly of this design enables bi-directional reconfiguration and allows users to conduct an experiment in an open-well format with established protocols and then add or remove microfluidic capabilities as desired. This work also provides an experimentally-validated flow model to select flow conditions based on the experimental needs. As a proof-of-concept, flow-induced alignment of endothelial cells and the expression of shear-sensitive gene targets are demonstrated, and the different phases of neutrophil transmigration across a chemically stimulated endothelial monolayer under flow conditions are visualized. With these experimental capabilities, it is anticipated that both engineering and bioscience laboratories will adopt this reconfigurable design due to the compatibility with standard open-well protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Mansouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Adeel Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - S. Danial Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Molly C. McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Indranil M. Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Thomas R. Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Richard E. Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - James L. McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Steven W. Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Vinay V. Abhyankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
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25
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Doryab A, Taskin MB, Stahlhut P, Groll J, Schmid O. Real-Time Measurement of Cell Mechanics as a Clinically Relevant Readout of an In Vitro Lung Fibrosis Model Established on a Bioinspired Basement Membrane. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205083. [PMID: 36030365 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung fibrosis, one of the major post-COVID complications, is a progressive and ultimately fatal disease without a cure. Here, an organ- and disease-specific in vitro mini-lung fibrosis model equipped with noninvasive real-time monitoring of cell mechanics is introduced as a functional readout. To establish an intricate multiculture model under physiologic conditions, a biomimetic ultrathin basement (biphasic elastic thin for air-liquid culture conditions, BETA) membrane (<1 µm) is developed with unique properties, including biocompatibility, permeability, and high elasticity (<10 kPa) for cell culturing under air-liquid interface and cyclic mechanical stretch conditions. The human-based triple coculture fibrosis model, which includes epithelial and endothelial cell lines combined with primary fibroblasts from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients established on the BETA membrane, is integrated into a millifluidic bioreactor system (cyclic in vitro cell-stretch, CIVIC) with dose-controlled aerosolized drug delivery, mimicking inhalation therapy. The real-time measurement of cell/tissue stiffness (and compliance) is shown as a clinical biomarker of the progression/attenuation of fibrosis upon drug treatment, which is confirmed for inhaled Nintedanib-an antifibrosis drug. The mini-lung fibrosis model allows the combined longitudinal testing of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs, which is expected to enhance the predictive capacity of preclinical models and hence facilitate the development of approved therapies for lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Doryab
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center-Munich (CPC-M) bioArchive, Helmholtz Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Mehmet Berat Taskin
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI) and Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center-Munich (CPC-M) bioArchive, Helmholtz Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
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26
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Apical Medium Flow Influences the Morphology and Physiology of Human Proximal Tubular Cells in a Microphysiological System. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100516. [PMID: 36290484 PMCID: PMC9598399 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of physiologically relevant in vitro human kidney models for disease modelling and detecting drug-induced effects given the limited choice of cells and difficulty implementing quasi-physiological culture conditions. We investigated the influence of fluid shear stress on primary human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) cultured in the micro-physiological Vitrofluid device. This system houses cells seeded on semipermeable membranes and can be connected to a regulable pump that enables controlled, unidirectional flow. After 7 days in culture, RPTECs maintained physiological characteristics such as barrier integrity, protein uptake ability, and expression of specific transporters (e.g., aquaporin-1). Exposure to constant apical side flow did not cause cytotoxicity, cell detachment, or intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation. However, unidirectional flow profoundly affected cell morphology and led to primary cilia lengthening and alignment in the flow direction. The dynamic conditions also reduced cell proliferation, altered plasma membrane leakiness, increased cytokine secretion, and repressed histone deacetylase 6 and kidney injury molecule 1 expression. Cells under flow also remained susceptible to colistin-induced toxicity. Collectively, the results suggest that dynamic culture conditions in the Vitrofluid system promote a more differentiated phenotype in primary human RPTECs and represent an improved in vitro kidney model.
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27
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Simitian G, Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Beebe DJ, Kosoff D. Microfluidics in vascular biology research: a critical review for engineers, biologists, and clinicians. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3618-3636. [PMID: 36047330 PMCID: PMC9530010 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00352j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization, the formation of new blood vessels, has received much research attention due to its implications for physiological processes and diseases. Most studies using traditional in vitro and in vivo platforms find challenges in recapitulating key cellular and mechanical cues of the neovascularization processes. Microfluidic in vitro models have been presented as an alternative to these limitations due to their capacity to leverage microscale physics to control cell organization and integrate biochemical and mechanical cues, such as shear stress, cell-cell interactions, or nutrient gradients, making them an ideal option for recapitulating organ physiology. Much has been written about the use of microfluidics in vascular biology models from an engineering perspective. However, a review introducing the different models, components and progress for new potential adopters of these technologies was absent in the literature. Therefore, this paper aims to approach the use of microfluidic technologies in vascular biology from a perspective of biological hallmarks to be studied and written for a wide audience ranging from clinicians to engineers. Here we review applications of microfluidics in vascular biology research, starting with design considerations and fabrication techniques. After that, we review the state of the art in recapitulating angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, according to the hallmarks recapitulated and complexity of the models. Finally, we discuss emerging research areas in neovascularization, such as drug discovery, and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigor Simitian
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - María Virumbrales-Muñoz
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David J Beebe
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David Kosoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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28
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Kawakita S, Mandal K, Mou L, Mecwan MM, Zhu Y, Li S, Sharma S, Hernandez AL, Nguyen HT, Maity S, de Barros NR, Nakayama A, Bandaru P, Ahadian S, Kim HJ, Herculano RD, Holler E, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Organ-On-A-Chip Models of the Blood-Brain Barrier: Recent Advances and Future Prospects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201401. [PMID: 35978444 PMCID: PMC9529899 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The human brain and central nervous system (CNS) present unique challenges in drug development for neurological diseases. One major obstacle is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which hampers the effective delivery of therapeutic molecules into the brain while protecting it from blood-born neurotoxic substances and maintaining CNS homeostasis. For BBB research, traditional in vitro models rely upon Petri dishes or Transwell systems. However, these static models lack essential microenvironmental factors such as shear stress and proper cell-cell interactions. To this end, organ-on-a-chip (OoC) technology has emerged as a new in vitro modeling approach to better recapitulate the highly dynamic in vivo human brain microenvironment so-called the neural vascular unit (NVU). Such BBB-on-a-chip models have made substantial progress over the last decade, and concurrently there has been increasing interest in modeling various neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease using OoC technology. In addition, with recent advances in other scientific technologies, several new opportunities to improve the BBB-on-a-chip platform via multidisciplinary approaches are available. In this review, an overview of the NVU and OoC technology is provided, recent progress and applications of BBB-on-a-chip for personalized medicine and drug discovery are discussed, and current challenges and future directions are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kawakita
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Kalpana Mandal
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Lei Mou
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510150, P. R. China
| | | | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Shaopei Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | | | - Huu Tuan Nguyen
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Surjendu Maity
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | | | - Aya Nakayama
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Praveen Bandaru
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Eggehard Holler
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | | | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
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29
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Hall JD, Farzaneh S, Babakhani Galangashi R, Pujari A, Sweet DT, Kahn ML, Jiménez JM. Lymphoedema conditions disrupt endothelial barrier function in vitro. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220223. [PMID: 36000230 PMCID: PMC9399713 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessel contractions generate net antegrade pulsatile lymph flow. By contrast, impaired lymphatic vessels are often associated with lymphoedema and altered lymph flow. The effect of lymphoedema on the lymph flow field and endothelium is not completely known. Here, we characterized the lymphatic flow field of a platelet-specific receptor C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC2) deficient lymphoedema mouse model. In regions of lymphoedema, collecting vessels were significantly distended, vessel contractility was greatly diminished and pulsatile lymph flow was replaced by quasi-steady flow. In vitro exposure of human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to lymphoedema-like quasi-steady flow conditions increased intercellular gap formation and permeability in comparison to normal pulsatile lymph flow. In the absence of flow, LECs exposed to steady pressure (SP) increased intercellular gap formation in contrast with pulsatile pressure (PP). The absence of pulsatility in steady fluid flow and SP conditions without flow-induced upregulation of myosin light chain (MLCs) regulatory subunits 9 and 12B mRNA expression and phosphorylation of MLCs, in contrast with pulsatile flow and PP without flow. These studies reveal that the loss of pulsatility, which can occur with lymphoedema, causes LEC contraction and an increase in intercellular gap formation mediated by MLC phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Hall
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sina Farzaneh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Reza Babakhani Galangashi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Akshay Pujari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Daniel T. Sweet
- Department of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark L. Kahn
- Department of Medicine and Division of Cardiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juan M. Jiménez
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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30
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Yang J, Imamura S, Hirai Y, Tsuchiya T, Tabata O, Kamei KI. Gut-liver-axis microphysiological system for studying cellular fluidic shear stress and inter-tissue interaction. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:044113. [PMID: 36039115 PMCID: PMC9420048 DOI: 10.1063/5.0088232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the physiological and pathological roles of gut-liver-axis (GLA) in the human body, a GLA microphysiological system (GLA-MPS) holds great potential. However, in current GLA-MPSs, the importance of a physiologically relevant flow for gut and liver cells' cultivation is not fully addressed. In addition, the integration of individual organ perfusion, circulation flow, and organ tissue functions in a single device has not been achieved. Here, we introduce a GLA-MPS by integrating two cell-culture chambers with individually applied perfusion flows and a circulation channel with an on-chip pneumatic micropump under cell-culture chambers via a porous membrane for interconnecting them. We analyzed the fluid shear stress (FSS) with computational fluid dynamics simulations and confirmed that the physiologically relevant FSS could be applied to the gut (Caco-2) (8 × 10-3 dyn cm-2) and liver (HepG2) cells (1.2 × 10-7 dyn cm-2). Under the physiologically relevant flow, the Caco-2 and HepG2 cells in the GLA-MPS maintained a cell survival rate of 95% and 92%, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of functional proteins such as zonula occludens 1 (in Caco-2) and albumin (in HepG2) was enhanced. To demonstrate the GLA interaction, the inflammatory bowel disease was recapitulated by applying lipopolysaccharide for only Caco-2 cells. The inflammatory proteins, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, were induced in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. The presented GLA-MPS can be adapted as an advanced in vitro model in various applications for disease modeling associated with inter-tissue interactions, such as inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Yang
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 616-8540, Japan
| | - Satoshi Imamura
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 616-8540, Japan
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31
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Harki O, Bouyon S, Sallé M, Arco-Hierves A, Lemarié E, Demory A, Chirica C, Vilgrain I, Pépin JL, Faury G, Briançon-Marjollet A. Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Cadherin Cleavage Prevents Elastic Fiber Alterations and Atherosclerosis Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia in the Mouse Aorta. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137012. [PMID: 35806017 PMCID: PMC9266969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH), the major feature of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), induces atherosclerosis and elastic fiber alterations. VE-cadherin cleavage is increased in OSAS patients and in an IH-cellular model. It is mediated by HIF-1 and Src-tyr-kinases pathways and results in endothelial hyperpermeability. Our aim was to determine whether blocking VE-cadherin cleavage in vivo could be an efficient strategy to inhibit deleterious IH-induced vascular remodeling, elastic fiber defects and atherogenesis. VE-cadherin regulation, aortic remodeling and atherosclerosis were studied in IH-exposed C57Bl/6J or ApoE-/-mice treated or not with Src-tyr-kinases inhibitors (Saracatinib/Pazopanib) or a HIF-1 inhibitor (Acriflavine). Human aortic endothelial cells were exposed to IH and treated with the same inhibitors. LDL and the monocytes transendothelium passage were measured. In vitro, IH increased transendothelium LDL and monocytes passage, and the tested inhibitors prevented these effects. In mice, IH decreased VE-cadherin expression and increased plasmatic sVE level, intima-media thickness, elastic fiber alterations and atherosclerosis, while the inhibitors prevented these in vivo effects. In vivo inhibition of HIF-1 and Src tyr kinase pathways were associated with the prevention of IH-induced elastic fiber/lamella degradation and atherogenesis, which suggests that VE-cadherin could be an important target to limit atherogenesis and progression of arterial stiffness in OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Harki
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Sophie Bouyon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Marine Sallé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Alejandro Arco-Hierves
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Emeline Lemarié
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Alexandra Demory
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Carole Chirica
- Unité Biochimie Immunoanalyse, Service de Biochimie SB2TE, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Isabelle Vilgrain
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1292, CEA, 38042 Grenoble, France;
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
| | - Gilles Faury
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne Briançon-Marjollet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire HP2, 38042 Grenoble, France; (O.H.); (S.B.); (M.S.); (A.A.-H.); (E.L.); (A.D.); (J.-L.P.); (A.B.-M.)
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Rousou C, de Maar J, Qiu B, van der Wurff-Jacobs K, Ruponen M, Urtti A, Oliveira S, Moonen C, Storm G, Mastrobattista E, Deckers R. The Effect of Microbubble-Assisted Ultrasound on Molecular Permeability across Cell Barriers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:494. [PMID: 35335871 PMCID: PMC8949944 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) has been applied to enhance drug permeability across tissue barriers. Most studies focused on only one physicochemical aspect (i.e., molecular weight of the delivered molecule). Using an in vitro epithelial (MDCK II) cell barrier, we examined the effects of USMB on the permeability of five molecules varying in molecular weight (182 Da to 20 kDa) and hydrophilicity (LogD at pH 7.4 from 1.5 to highly hydrophilic). Treatment of cells with USMB at increasing ultrasound pressures did not have a significant effect on the permeability of small molecules (molecular weight 259 to 376 Da), despite their differences in hydrophilicity (LogD at pH 7.4 from -3.2 to 1.5). The largest molecules (molecular weight 4 and 20 kDa) showed the highest increase in the epithelial permeability (3-7-fold). Simultaneously, USMB enhanced intracellular accumulation of the same molecules. In the case of the clinically relevant anti- C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (CXCR4) nanobody (molecular weight 15 kDa), USMB enhanced paracellular permeability by two-fold and increased binding to retinoblastoma cells by five-fold. Consequently, USMB is a potential tool to improve the efficacy and safety of the delivery of drugs to organs protected by tissue barriers, such as the eye and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Rousou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.R.); (B.Q.); (K.v.d.W.-J.); (S.O.); (G.S.)
- Imaging and Oncology Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.d.M.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Josanne de Maar
- Imaging and Oncology Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.d.M.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Boning Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.R.); (B.Q.); (K.v.d.W.-J.); (S.O.); (G.S.)
| | - Kim van der Wurff-Jacobs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.R.); (B.Q.); (K.v.d.W.-J.); (S.O.); (G.S.)
| | - Marika Ruponen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (M.R.); (A.U.)
| | - Arto Urtti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (M.R.); (A.U.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Lieutenant Schmidt emb., 11/2, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.R.); (B.Q.); (K.v.d.W.-J.); (S.O.); (G.S.)
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chrit Moonen
- Imaging and Oncology Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.d.M.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.R.); (B.Q.); (K.v.d.W.-J.); (S.O.); (G.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.R.); (B.Q.); (K.v.d.W.-J.); (S.O.); (G.S.)
| | - Roel Deckers
- Imaging and Oncology Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.d.M.); (C.M.); (R.D.)
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Bednarek R. In Vitro Methods for Measuring the Permeability of Cell Monolayers. Methods Protoc 2022; 5:mps5010017. [PMID: 35200533 PMCID: PMC8874757 DOI: 10.3390/mps5010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell monolayers, including endothelial and epithelial cells, play crucial roles in regulating the transport of biomolecules to underlying tissues and structures via intercellular junctions. Moreover, the monolayers form a semipermeable barrier across which leukocyte transmigration is tightly regulated. The inflammatory cytokines can disrupt the epithelial and endothelial permeability, thus the reduced barrier integrity is a hallmark of epithelial and endothelial dysfunction related with numerous pathological conditions, including cancer-related inflammation. Therefore, the assessment of barrier function is critical in in vitro models of barrier-forming tissues. This review summarizes the commercially available in vitro systems used to measure the permeability of cellular monolayers. The presented techniques are separated in two large groups: macromolecular tracer flux assays, and electrical impedance measurement-based permeability assays. The presented techniques are briefly described and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Bednarek
- Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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34
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Royse MK, Means AK, Calderon GA, Kinstlinger IS, He Y, Durante MR, Procopio A, Veiseh O, Xu J. A 3D printable perfused hydrogel vascular model to assay ultrasound-induced permeability. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3158-3173. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00223j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of an in vitro model to study vascular permeability is vital for clinical applications such as the targeted delivery of therapeutics. This work demonstrates the use of a...
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Permeability Properties of an In Vitro Model of the Alveolar Epithelium. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:653-659. [PMID: 34900017 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell culture models of epithelial barriers in the body are widely used to study the permeation of nutrients, drugs, infectious agents and pollutants into the body tissues and circulation. The NCI-H441 cell line cultured at the air-liquid interface mimics certain phenotypic and functional characteristics of the human alveolar epithelium. Here the permeability properties of the NCI-H441 model were characterised and compared against published data using experimental measurements and mathematical modelling. Cells were cultured under air-liquid interface conditions and trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and apparent permeability (P app) to sodium fluorescein (MW 383 Da) and fluorescently labelled dextrans (MW 4000-150,000 Da) was measured. It was found that TEER was independent of cell seeding density while P app decreased with higher seeding density and plateaued beyond a density of 500,000 cells/cm2. Using the framework of functional pore analysis, a mathematical model was fitted to P app values measured in this work as well as previously published datasets from human cell lines and primary human and rat cells. It was found that the air-liquid interface NCI-H441 model most closely matched the primary cell line results in contrast to published data using A549 and liquid-interface NCI-H441 cell cultures, supporting the use of this model to study the permeability of the alveolar epithelium to large molecules.
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Sateesh J, Guha K, Dutta A, Sengupta P, Rao KS. Design and Modeling of Bioreactor Utilizing Electrophoresis and Di-electrophoresis Techniques for Regenerating Reabsorption Function of Human Kidney PCT in Microfluidics Environment. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 21:529-541. [PMID: 34847037 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3131351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The need for innovation in medical device technology is immense; especially to replace the dialysis techniques the necessity is extremely high. The available techniques that promised to replace dialysis have not yet geared up to the marketization level. The utilization of live kidney cells makes these devices costly, delicate, and unreliable. This paper aims to design a bioreactor to mimic the reabsorption function of the kidney that is fully artificial and highly controllable, which can be one step forward to the emerging Kidney-on-Chip (KOC) technology. The additional benefit of the proposed design is that it utilizes size-dependent reabsorption along with charge-dependent reabsorption phenomena to make it more compatible with human kidney function. The electrophoresis (EP), and di-electrophoresis (DEP) techniques are utilized to mimic the reabsorption function in this report. The structure utilized in the present design exactly replicates the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) dimensions and functions as well. The whole setup is implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics FEM benchmark tool for simulation, and analysis with appropriate boundary conditions. The device when excited by an electric field, Electrophoresis has produced a maximum velocity of 1.07 m/s for DC excitation and di-electrophoresis has produced a maximum flow velocity of 1.23 m/s, where both the offset voltages are the same (0.7 V). The flow velocity obtained utilizing both EP and DEP produced a reabsorption rate of 50-58% depending on the voltage applied and dimensions considered which is close to 60% reabsorption rate of the normal human kidney PCT. In accordance with the outcomes produced, the di-electrophoresis technique proved to be more efficient in realizing bioreactor as compared to electrophoresis. The novelty of the present work lies in the creation of a simulation environment, rigorous analysis, and optimization of the bioreactor supported by compact mathematical model.
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Khuda SE, Nguyen AV, Sharma GM, Alam MS, Balan KV, Williams KM. Effects of emulsifiers on an in vitro model of intestinal epithelial tight junctions and the transport of food allergens. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100576. [PMID: 34779572 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Certain food emulsifiers may interfere with gut barrier function in ways correlating to increased exposure to allergens. Understanding the consequences of interactions between these food ingredients and the intestinal epithelium is important for evaluating allergen dose exposure characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS Wechallenged Caco-2 cell monolayers, an in vitromodel of human intestinal epithelial tight junctions with synthetic polysorbate-80 or natural lecithin alone, or in combination with known allergens (egg proteins: ovalbumin, ovomucoid, and ovotransferrin; and a synthetic form of galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal), an allergen of increasing concern). For most doses of individual emulsifiers and allergens, >90% cell viability and <15% cytotoxicity wasobserved; however, toxicity increased at a 0.5% concentration of emulsifiers. At low cytotoxic concentration (0.2%), only polysorbate-80 treatment reduced monolayer integrity (∼20%) with increased lucifer yellow passage. Dose-related differences in expression of tight junction genes and occludin proteins wereobserved with emulsifier treatments. The transport of all tested allergens across the cell monolayers, excluding ovotransferrin, nearly doubled in the presence of 0.2% polysorbate-80 compared to lecithin and untreated control. CONCLUSION By modulating paracellular permeability, polysorbate-80 may enhance absorption of allergens in a size-dependent manner. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefat E Khuda
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, United States
| | - Ann V Nguyen
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, United States
| | - Girdhari M Sharma
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, United States
| | - Mohammad S Alam
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, United States
| | - Kannan V Balan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, United States
| | - Kristina M Williams
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD, 20708, United States
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Dabaghi M, Tiessen N, Cao Q, Chandiramohan A, Saraei N, Kim Y, Gupta T, Selvaganapathy PR, Hirota JA. Adhesive-Based Fabrication Technique for Culture of Lung Airway Epithelial Cells with Applications in Cell Patterning and Microfluidics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5301-5314. [PMID: 34696583 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a versatile and cost-effective cell culture method for micropatterning and growing adherent cells on porous membranes using pressure-sensitive double-sided adhesives. This technique also allows cell culture using conventional methods and their easy integration into microfluidic chip devices. Adhesives can be used to form different patterns of cultured cells, which can be used for cell proliferation and wound-healing models. To demonstrate the viability of our system, we evaluate the toxicity effect of five different adhesives on two distinct airway epithelial cell lines and show functional applications for cell patterning and microfluidic cell culture chip fabrication. We developed a sandwiched microfluidic device that enabled us to culture cells in a submerged condition and transformed it into a dynamic platform when required. The viability of cells and their inflammatory responses to IL-1β stimulation were investigated. Our technique is applicable for conventional culturing of cells, widely available in biomedical research labs, while enabling the introduction of perfusion for an advanced dynamic cell culture model when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhossein Dabaghi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Tiessen
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Quynh Cao
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Abiram Chandiramohan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Neda Saraei
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yechan Kim
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Tamaghna Gupta
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - P Ravi Selvaganapathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health-Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Selo MA, Sake JA, Kim KJ, Ehrhardt C. In vitro and ex vivo models in inhalation biopharmaceutical research - advances, challenges and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113862. [PMID: 34256080 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral inhalation results in pulmonary drug targeting and thereby reduces systemic side effects, making it the preferred means of drug delivery for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis. In addition, the high alveolar surface area, relatively low enzymatic activity and rich blood supply of the distal airspaces offer a promising pathway to the systemic circulation. This is particularly advantageous when a rapid onset of pharmacological action is desired or when the drug is suffering from stability issues or poor biopharmaceutical performance following oral administration. Several cell and tissue-based in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed over the years, with the intention to realistically mimic pulmonary biological barriers. It is the aim of this review to critically discuss the available models regarding their advantages and limitations and to elaborate further which biopharmaceutical questions can and cannot be answered using the existing models.
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Pérez-Rodríguez S, Huang SA, Borau C, García-Aznar JM, Polacheck WJ. Microfluidic model of monocyte extravasation reveals the role of hemodynamics and subendothelial matrix mechanics in regulating endothelial integrity. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:054102. [PMID: 34548891 PMCID: PMC8443302 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Extravasation of circulating cells is an essential process that governs tissue inflammation and the body's response to pathogenic infection. To initiate anti-inflammatory and phagocytic functions within tissues, immune cells must cross the vascular endothelial barrier from the vessel lumen to the subluminal extracellular matrix. In this work, we present a microfluidic approach that enables the recreation of a three-dimensional, perfused endothelial vessel formed by human endothelial cells embedded within a collagen-rich matrix. Monocytes are introduced into the vessel perfusate, and we investigate the role of luminal flow and collagen concentration on extravasation. In vessels conditioned with the flow, increased monocyte adhesion to the vascular wall was observed, though fewer monocytes extravasated to the collagen hydrogel. Our results suggest that the lower rates of extravasation are due to the increased vessel integrity and reduced permeability of the endothelial monolayer. We further demonstrate that vascular permeability is a function of collagen hydrogel mass concentration, with increased collagen concentrations leading to elevated vascular permeability and increased extravasation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that extravasation of monocytes is highly regulated by the structural integrity of the endothelial monolayer. The microfluidic approach developed here allows for the dissection of the relative contributions of these cues to further understand the key governing processes that regulate circulating cell extravasation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie A. Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Bennet TJ, Randhawa A, Hua J, Cheung KC. Airway-On-A-Chip: Designs and Applications for Lung Repair and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1602. [PMID: 34206722 PMCID: PMC8304815 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs are affected by illnesses including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Physiologically relevant models for respiratory conditions will be essential for new drug development. The composition and structure of the lung extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a major role in the function of the lung tissue and cells. Lung-on-chip models have been developed to address some of the limitations of current two-dimensional in vitro models. In this review, we describe various ECM substitutes utilized for modeling the respiratory system. We explore the application of lung-on-chip models to the study of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarette vapor. We discuss the challenges and opportunities related to model characterization with an emphasis on in situ characterization methods, both established and emerging. We discuss how further advancements in the field, through the incorporation of interstitial cells and ECM, have the potential to provide an effective tool for interrogating lung biology and disease, especially the mechanisms that involve the interstitial elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J. Bennet
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Avineet Randhawa
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jessica Hua
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen C. Cheung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (T.J.B.); (A.R.); (J.H.)
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Tasiopoulos CP, Gustafsson L, van der Wijngaart W, Hedhammar M. Fibrillar Nanomembranes of Recombinant Spider Silk Protein Support Cell Co-culture in an In Vitro Blood Vessel Wall Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3332-3339. [PMID: 34169711 PMCID: PMC8290846 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Basement membrane
is a thin but dense network of self-assembled
extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibrils that anchors and physically
separates epithelial/endothelial cells from the underlying connective
tissue. Current replicas of the basement membrane utilize either synthetic
or biological polymers but have not yet recapitulated its geometric
and functional complexity highly enough to yield representative in vitro co-culture tissue models. In an attempt to model
the vessel wall, we seeded endothelial and smooth muscle cells on
either side of 470 ± 110 nm thin, mechanically robust, and nanofibrillar
membranes of recombinant spider silk protein. On the apical side,
a confluent endothelium formed within 4 days, with the ability to
regulate the permeation of representative molecules (3 and 10 kDa
dextran and IgG). On the basolateral side, smooth muscle cells produced
a thicker ECM with enhanced barrier properties compared to conventional
tissue culture inserts. The membranes withstood 520 ± 80 Pa pressure
difference, which is of the same magnitude as capillary blood pressure in vivo. This use of protein nanomembranes with relevant
properties for co-culture opens up for developing advanced in vitro tissue models for drug screening and potent substrates
in organ-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Panagiotis Tasiopoulos
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Department of Protein Science, AlbaNova University Center, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnea Gustafsson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas väg 10, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Department of Protein Science, AlbaNova University Center, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
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Sun AM, Hoffman T, Luu BQ, Ashammakhi N, Li S. Application of lung microphysiological systems to COVID-19 modeling and drug discovery: a review. Biodes Manuf 2021; 4:757-775. [PMID: 34178414 PMCID: PMC8213042 DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need for effective therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The process of drug development is a costly and meticulously paced process, where progress is often hindered by the failure of initially promising leads. To aid this challenge, in vitro human microphysiological systems need to be refined and adapted for mechanistic studies and drug screening, thereby saving valuable time and resources during a pandemic crisis. The SARS-CoV-2 virus attacks the lung, an organ where the unique three-dimensional (3D) structure of its functional units is critical for proper respiratory function. The in vitro lung models essentially recapitulate the distinct tissue structure and the dynamic mechanical and biological interactions between different cell types. Current model systems include Transwell, organoid and organ-on-a-chip or microphysiological systems (MPSs). We review models that have direct relevance toward modeling the pathology of COVID-19, including the processes of inflammation, edema, coagulation, as well as lung immune function. We also consider the practical issues that may influence the design and fabrication of MPS. The role of lung MPS is addressed in the context of multi-organ models, and it is discussed how high-throughput screening and artificial intelligence can be integrated with lung MPS to accelerate drug development for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argus M. Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza 5121 Engineering V University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
- UC San Diego Healthcare, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Tyler Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza 5121 Engineering V University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
| | - Bao Q. Luu
- Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care, Scripps Green Hospital, Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza 5121 Engineering V University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza 5121 Engineering V University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600 USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Firatligil-Yildirir B, Bati-Ayaz G, Tahmaz I, Bilgen M, Pesen-Okvur D, Yalcin-Ozuysal O. On-chip determination of tissue-specific metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3799-3810. [PMID: 34110014 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the major obstacles for breast cancer patients. Limitations of current models demand the development of custom platforms to predict metastatic potential and homing choices of cancer cells. Here, two organ-on-chip platforms, invasion/chemotaxis (IC-chip) and extravasation (EX-chip) were used for the quantitative assessment of invasion and extravasation towards specific tissues. Lung, liver and breast microenvironments were simulated in the chips using tissue-specific cells embedded in matrigel. In the IC-chip, invasive MDA-MB-231, but not noninvasive MCF-7 breast cancer cells invaded into lung and liver microenvironments. In the EX-chip, MDA-MB-231 cells extravasated more into the lung compared to the liver and breast microenvironments. In addition, lung-specific MDA-MB-231 clone invaded and extravasated into the lung microenvironment more efficiently than the bone-specific clone. Both invasion/chemotaxis and extravasation results were in agreement with published clinical data. Collectively, our results show that IC-chip and EX-chip, simulating tissue-specific microenvironments, can distinguish different in vivo metastatic phenotypes, in vitro. Determination of tissue-specific metastatic potential of breast cancer cells is expected to improve diagnosis and help select the ideal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gizem Bati-Ayaz
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Tahmaz
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muge Bilgen
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Graduate Program, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Devrim Pesen-Okvur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Yalcin-Ozuysal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
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Rauti R, Ess A, Le Roi B, Kreinin Y, Epshtein M, Korin N, Maoz BM. Transforming a well into a chip: A modular 3D-printed microfluidic chip. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:026103. [PMID: 33948527 PMCID: PMC8084581 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-Chip platforms provide rich opportunities to observe interactions between different cell types under in vivo-like conditions, i.e., in the presence of flow. Yet, the costs and know-how required for the fabrication and implementation of these platforms restrict their accessibility. This study introduces and demonstrates a novel Insert-Chip: a microfluidic device that provides the functionality of an Organ-on-a-Chip platform, namely, the capacity to co-culture cells, expose them to flow, and observe their interactions-yet can easily be integrated into standard culture systems (e.g., well plates or multi-electrode arrays). The device is produced using stereolithograpy 3D printing and is user-friendly and reusable. Moreover, its design features overcome some of the measurement and imaging challenges characterizing standard Organ-on-a-Chip platforms. We have co-cultured endothelial and epithelial cells under flow conditions to demonstrate the functionality of the device. Overall, this novel microfluidic device is a promising platform for the investigation of biological functions, cell-cell interactions, and response to therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Rauti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Ess
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Baptiste Le Roi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yevgeniy Kreinin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Mark Epshtein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ben M. Maoz
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Chae WR, Lee NY. Monolayer/spheroid co-culture of cells on a PDMS well plate mediated by selective polydopamine coating. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10108-10116. [PMID: 33124642 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01589j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have selectively coated polydopamine (PDA) onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) well plate to enable the cell co-culture of a monolayer and spheroids in a semi-segregated manner. During the coating process, the contact between the PDA solution and PDMS well plate was limited to the outer flat surface because the strong hydrophobicity of PDMS prevented the access of the PDA solution into the concave structures. This resulted in a spatially-defined coating of PDA. The success of PDA coating was evidenced by measuring the water contact angle, observing the liquid-air interface, and via PDA-specific metallization. This platform provides a simultaneous cell culture in both a monolayer and spheroids employing either monotypic or heterotypic cells. For the monotypic culture, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were seeded over the well plate to concurrently generate the monolayer and spheroids. In the heterotypic culture, MSCs were first seeded into the wells to form spheroids. Then, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were added over the flat surface of the well plate and allowed to form a monolayer. The microscopic observation and fluorescence-based cell staining confirmed the clear segregation between the monolayer and spheroids in both monotypic and heterotypic cultures. This new model could pave the way for the construction of a platform closely mimicking the physiological environment used to investigate cell-cell interactions and communications applicable for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Ri Chae
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea.
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Frost TS, Jiang L, Zohar Y. Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Epithelial/Endothelial Cell Barriers in Microfluidic Bilayer Devices with an Air-Liquid Interface. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11050536. [PMID: 32466113 PMCID: PMC7281310 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As the range of applications of organs-on-chips is broadening, the evaluation of aerosol-based therapies using a lung-on-a-chip model has become an attractive approach. Inhalation therapies are not only minimally invasive but also provide optimal pharmacokinetic conditions for drug absorption. As drug development evolves, it is likely that better screening through use of organs-on-chips can significantly save time and cost. In this work, bio-aerosols of various compounds including insulin were generated using a jet nebulizer. The aerosol flows were driven through microfluidic bilayer devices establishing an air–liquid interface to mimic the blood–air barrier in human small airways. The aerosol flow in the microfluidic devices has been characterized and adjusted to closely match physiological values. The permeability of several compounds, including paracellular and transcellular biomarkers, across epithelial/endothelial cell barriers was measured. Concentration–time plots were established in microfluidic devices with and without cells; the curves were then utilized to extract standard pharmacokinetic parameters such as the area under the curve, maximum concentration, and time to maximum concentration. The cell barrier significantly affected the measured pharmacokinetic parameters, as compound absorption through the barrier decreases with its increasing molecular size. Aerosolizing insulin can lead to the formation of fibrils, prior to its entry to the microfluidic device, with a substantially larger apparent molecular size effectively blocking its paracellular transport. The results demonstrate the advantage of using lung-on-a-chip for drug discovery with applications such as development of novel inhaled therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S. Frost
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Linan Jiang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Yitshak Zohar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
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Torisawa YS, Tung YC. Editorial for the Special Issue on Organs-on-Chips. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11040369. [PMID: 32244638 PMCID: PMC7230893 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in microsystems technology and cell culture techniques have led to the development of organ-on-chip microdevices to model functional units of organs [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-suke Torisawa
- Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
- Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.-s.T.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-s.T.); (Y.-C.T.)
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Nemcovsky Amar D, Epshtein M, Korin N. Endothelial Cell Activation in an Embolic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Microfluidic Model. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E857. [PMID: 31817733 PMCID: PMC6952880 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia, lack of blood supply, is associated with a variety of life-threatening cardiovascular diseases, including acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infraction. While blood flow restoration is critical to prevent further damage, paradoxically, rapid reperfusion can increase tissue damage. A variety of animal models have been developed to investigate ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), however they do not fully recapitulate human physiology of IRI. Here, we present a microfluidic IRI model utilizing a vascular compartment comprising human endothelial cells, which can be obstructed via a human blood clot and then re-perfused via thrombolytic treatment. Using our model, a significant increase in the expression of the endothelial cell inflammatory surface receptors E-selectin and I-CAM1 was observed in response to embolic occlusion. Following the demonstration of clot lysis and reperfusion via treatment using a thrombolytic agent, a significant decrease in the number of adherent endothelial cells and an increase in I-CAM1 levels compared to embolic occluded models, where reperfusion was not established, was observed. Altogether, the presented model can be applied to allow better understanding of human embolic based IRI and potentially serve as a platform for the development of improved and new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Netanel Korin
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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