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Ge J, Li M, Yao J, Guo J, Li X, Li G, Han X, Li Z, Liu M, Zhao J. The potential of EGCG in modulating the oral-gut axis microbiota for treating inflammatory bowel disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155643. [PMID: 38820660 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recurrent chronic intestinal disorder that includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Its pathogenesis involves intricate interactions between pathogenic microorganisms, native intestinal microorganisms, and the intestinal immune system via the oral-gut axis. The strong correlation observed between oral diseases and IBD indicates the potential involvement of oral pathogenic microorganisms in IBD development. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting the proliferation, translocation, intestinal colonization and exacerbated intestinal inflammation of oral microorganisms within the oral-gut axis may partially alleviate IBD. Tea consumption has been identified as a contributing factor in reducing IBD, with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) being the primary bioactive compound used for IBD treatment. However, the precise mechanism by which EGCG mediates microbial crosstalk within the oral-gut axis remains unclear. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse oral microorganisms implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD and elucidate their colonization pathways and mechanisms. Subsequently, we investigated the antibacterial properties of EGCG and its potential to attenuate microbial translocation and colonization in the gut, emphasizing its role in attenuating exacerbations of IBD. We also elucidated the toxic and side effects of EGCG. Finally, we discuss current strategies for enhancing EGCG bioavailability and propose novel multi-targeted nano-delivery systems for the more efficacious management of IBD. This review elucidates the role and feasibility of EGCG-mediated modulation of the oral-gut axis microbiota in the management of IBD, contributing to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of EGCG in the treatment of IBD and the development of prospective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Ge
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingwen Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jinling Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiankuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiangli Han
- Department of Geriatric, Fourth Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Green Pharmaceuticals for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent TCM Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Equipment, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Green Pharmaceuticals for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Sun S, Yan T, Yang N, Wu J, Liu Z. Regulation of osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory signaling by TCF8 in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2580-2591. [PMID: 37246926 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of zinc-finger homeodomain transcription factor (TCF8) in osteoclastogenesis and inflammation during periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats with periodontitis were induced via Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) injection. The recombinant lentivirus delivering short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against TCF8 was used to downregulate TCF8 in vivo. Alveolar bone loss in rats was determined by micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Typical pathological changes, periodontal tissue inflammation, and osteoclastogenesis were evaluated via histological analyses. The RAW264.7-derived osteoclasts were induced by RANKL stimulation. TCF8 downregulation in vitro was achieved by lentivirus infection. The osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory signaling in RANKL-induced cells were measured via immunofluorescence methods and molecular biology approaches. RESULTS Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide induced rats exhibited overexpressed TCF8 in their periodontal tissues, while TCF8 knockdown attenuated the bone loss, tissue inflammation, and osteoclastogenesis in LPS-induced rats. Besides, TCF8 silencing inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by the reduced numbers of TRAP-positive osteoclasts, less formation of F-actin rings, and downregulated expressions of osteoclast-specific markers. It also exerted an inhibitory effect on the NF-κB signaling in RANKL-induced cells via blocking NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. CONCLUSIONS TCF8 silencing inhibited alveolar bone loss, osteoclast differentiation, and inflammation in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqun Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tongtong Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Murugaiyan V, Utreja S, Hovey KM, Sun Y, LaMonte MJ, Wactawski-Wende J, Diaz PI, Buck MJ. Defining Porphyromonas gingivalis strains associated with periodontal disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6222. [PMID: 38485747 PMCID: PMC10940620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium commonly found in human subgingival plaque, is a major etiologic agent for periodontitis and has been associated with multiple systemic pathologies. Many P. gingivalis strains have been identified and different strains possess different virulence factors. Current oral microbiome approaches (16S or shotgun) have been unable to differentiate P. gingivalis strains. This study presents a new approach that aims to improve the accuracy of strain identification, using a detection method based on sequencing of the intergenic spacer region (ISR) which is variable between P. gingivalis strains. Our approach uses two-step PCR to amplify only the P. gingivalis ISR region. Samples are then sequenced with an Illumina sequencer and mapped to specific strains. Our approach was validated by examining subgingival plaque from 153 participants with and without periodontal disease. We identified the avirulent strain ATCC33277/381 as the most abundant strain across all sample types. The W83/W50 strain was significantly enriched in periodontitis, with 13% of participants harboring that strain. Overall, this approach can have significant implications not only for the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease but also for other diseases where P. gingivalis or its toxins have been implicated, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Murugaiyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Simran Utreja
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Patricia I Diaz
- UB Microbiome Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Buck
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Oriuchi M, Lee S, Uno K, Sudo K, Kusano K, Asano N, Hamada S, Hatta W, Koike T, Imatani A, Masamune A. Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide Damages Mucosal Barrier to Promote Gastritis-Associated Carcinogenesis. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:95-111. [PMID: 37943385 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies suggested correlation between gastric cancer (GC) and periodontal disease. AIMS We aim to clarify involvement of lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg.), one of the red complex periodontal pathogens, in the GC development. METHODS To evaluate barrier function of background mucosa against the stimulations, we applied biopsy samples from 76 patients with GC using a Ussing chamber system (UCs). K19-Wnt1/C2mE transgenic (Gan) mice and human GC cell-lines ± THP1-derived macrophage was applied to investigate the role of Pg. lipopolysaccharide in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. RESULTS In the UCs, Pg. lipopolysaccharide reduced the impedance of metaplastic and inflamed mucosa with increases in mRNA expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, and apoptotic markers. In vitro, Pg. lipopolysaccharide promoted reactive oxidative stress (ROS)-related apoptosis as well as activated TLR2-β-catenin-signaling on MKN7, and it increased the TNFα production on macrophages, respectively. TNFα alone activated TLR2-β-catenin-signaling in MKN7, while it further increased ROS and TNFα in macrophages. Under coculture with macrophages isolated after stimulation with Pg. lipopolysaccharide, β-catenin-signaling in MKN7 was activated with an increase in supernatant TNFα concentration, both of which were decreased by adding a TNFα neutralization antibody into the supernatant. In Gan mice with 15-week oral administration of Pg. lipopolysaccharide, tumor enlargement with β-catenin-signaling activation were observed with an increase in TNFα with macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Local exposure of Pg. lipopolysaccharide may increase ROS on premalignant gastric mucosa to induce apoptosis-associated barrier dysfunction and to secrete TNFα from activated macrophages, and both stimulation of Pg. lipopolysaccharide and TNFα might activate TLR2-β-catenin-signaling in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Oriuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Sujae Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Kaname Uno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Sudo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kusano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Naoki Asano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Shin Hamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Waku Hatta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Akira Imatani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
| | - Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-cho Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8574, Japan
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Carra MC, Rangé H, Caligiuri G, Bouchard P. Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A critical appraisal. Periodontol 2000 2023. [PMID: 37997210 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
In spite of intensive research efforts driving spectacular advances in terms of prevention and treatments, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading health burden, accounting for 32% of all deaths (World Health Organization. "Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)." WHO, February 1, 2017, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)). Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels. They encompass a collection of different conditions, among which atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the most prevalent. CVDs caused by atherosclerosis, that is, ASCVD, are particularly fatal: with heart attack and stroke being together the most prevalent cause of death in the world. To reduce the health burden represented by ASCVD, it is urgent to identify the nature of the "residual risk," beyond the established risk factors (e.g., hypertension) and behavioral factors already maximally targeted by drugs and public health campaigns. Remarkably, periodontitis is increasingly recognized as an independent cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clotilde Carra
- UFR d'Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Service of Odontology, Periodontal and Oral Surgery Unit, Rothschild Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- INSERM- Sorbonne Paris Cité Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Hélène Rangé
- UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Service of Odontology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
- NUMECAN Institute (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), INSERM, INRAE, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Giuseppina Caligiuri
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS), Paris, France
- Department of Cardiology and of Physiology, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val-de-Seine, Site Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- UFR d'Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- URP 2496, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Lestari KD, Dwiputri E, Kurniawan Tan GH, Sulijaya B, Soeroso Y, Natalina N, Harsas NA, Takahashi N. Exploring the Antibacterial Potential of Konjac Glucomannan in Periodontitis: Animal and In Vitro Studies. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1778. [PMID: 37893496 PMCID: PMC10608271 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease in the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms or groups of microorganisms. P. gingivalis bacterium is the keystone pathogen in periodontitis, so even at low concentrations, it has a considerable influence on the oral community. Antimicrobials and antiplaque agents can be used as adjunctive therapy for periodontitis treatment. Konjac glucomannan (KGM), as a natural polysaccharide, has flavonoid (3,5-diacetyltambulin) and triterpenoids (ambylon) compounds that show antibacterial activity. This research aims to analyze the antibacterial activity of KGM on animal and in vitro periodontitis models. Materials and Methods: The animal study divided 48 mice into four groups (control, KGM, periodontitis, KGM + periodontitis). Mice were given an intervention substance by oral gavage from day 1 to day 14, periodontitis was induced on day 7, and decapitation was performed on day 14. Samples from the right maxillary jaw of mice were used for histological preparations and morphometrics analysis. In vitro studies were carried out by adding several concentrations of KGM (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) into a planktonic P. gingivalis and P. gingivalis biofilm. Results: In the animal model, KGM could prevent alveolar bone loss in the periodontitis mice model, both in histologic and morphometrics assessments. In vitro, KGM had antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis with better bacteriostatic (15-23%) than bactericidal (11-20%) ability, proven by its ability to inhibit P. gingivalis proliferation. Conclusions: KGM can be considered to have the potential as an antibacterial agent to prevent periodontitis. The prevention of periodontitis may improve patient well-being and human quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Dhipta Lestari
- Postgraduate Program in Periodontology, Department of Periodontology, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (K.D.L.); (E.D.); (G.H.K.T.)
| | - Edlyn Dwiputri
- Postgraduate Program in Periodontology, Department of Periodontology, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (K.D.L.); (E.D.); (G.H.K.T.)
| | - Geraldi Hartono Kurniawan Tan
- Postgraduate Program in Periodontology, Department of Periodontology, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (K.D.L.); (E.D.); (G.H.K.T.)
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Yuniarti Soeroso
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Natalina Natalina
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Nadhia Anindhita Harsas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia; (Y.S.); (N.N.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan;
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Pilatti F, Isolani R, Valone L, de Paula MN, Caleare ADO, Ferreira SBDS, Bruschi ML, de Medeiros Araújo DC, Guedes TA, Hensel A, de Mello JCP. Microstructured Polymer System Containing Proanthocyanidin-Enriched Extract from Limonium brasiliense as a Prophylaxis Strategy to Prevent Recurrence of Porphyromonas gingivalis. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1074-1086. [PMID: 35598603 DOI: 10.1055/a-1858-6898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are a global oral health problem affecting almost 10% of the global population. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the main bacteria involved in the initiation and progression of inflammatory processes as a result of the action of the cysteine proteases lysin- and arginine-gingipain. Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles containing a lyophilized proanthocyanidin-enriched fraction from the rhizomes of Limonium brasiliense, traditionally named "baicuru" (ethyl acetate fraction), were manufactured. The ethyl acetate fraction was characterized by UHPLC by the presence of samarangenins A and B (12.10 ± 0.07 and 21.05 ± 0.44%, respectively) and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (13.44 ± 0.27%). Physiochemical aspects of Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles were characterized concerning particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, ethyl acetate fraction release, and mucoadhesion. Additionally, the presence of the ethyl acetate fraction-loaded microparticles was performed concerning potential influence on viability of human buccal KB cells, P. gingivalis adhesion to KB cells, gingipain activity, and P. gingivalis biofilm formation. In general, all Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles tested showed strong adhesion to porcine cheek mucosa (93.1 ± 4.2% in a 30-min test), associated with a prolonged release of the ethyl acetate fraction (up to 16.5 ± 0.8% in 24 h). Preincubation of KB cells with Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles (25 µg/mL) resulted in an up to 93 ± 2% reduced infection rate by P. gingivalis. Decreased activity of the P. gingivalis-specific virulence factors lysin- and arginine-gingipain proteases by Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles was confirmed. Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles decreased biofilm formation of P. gingivalis (97 ± 2% at 60 µg/mL). Results from this study prove the promising activity of Surelease/polycarbophil microparticles containing ethyl acetate fraction microparticles as a prophylaxis strategy to prevent the recurrence of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Pilatti
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palafito, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Raquel Isolani
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palafito, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Larissa Valone
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palafito, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Mariana Nascimento de Paula
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palafito, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Angelo de Oliveira Caleare
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palafito, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palafito, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andreas Hensel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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8
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Tonelli A, Lumngwena EN, Ntusi NAB. The oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:386-403. [PMID: 36624275 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and expansion of available therapies, the global burden of CVD-associated morbidity and mortality remains unacceptably high. Important gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms of CVD and determinants of disease progression. In the past decade, much research has been conducted on the human microbiome and its potential role in modulating CVD. With the advent of high-throughput technologies and multiomics analyses, the complex and dynamic relationship between the microbiota, their 'theatre of activity' and the host is gradually being elucidated. The relationship between the gut microbiome and CVD is well established. Much less is known about the role of disruption (dysbiosis) of the oral microbiome; however, interest in the field is growing, as is the body of literature from basic science and animal and human investigations. In this Review, we examine the link between the oral microbiome and CVD, specifically coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, infective endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease. We discuss the various mechanisms by which oral dysbiosis contributes to CVD pathogenesis and potential strategies for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tonelli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cardiovascular Research Unit, Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Extramural Research Unit on the Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Disease, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evelyn N Lumngwena
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Extramural Research Unit on the Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Disease, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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9
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He W, Xie X, Li C, Ding H, Ye J. Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonist Improves Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation and Excitatory Neurotoxicity in Chronic Periodontitis Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196267. [PMID: 36234803 PMCID: PMC9571030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor antagonist SCH58261 has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, its role in chronic periodontitis (CP)-induced cognitive impairment, which is associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis LPS), remains unclear. This study investigated the role of SCH58261 in mice with CP-induced cognitive impairment. C57BL/6J mice were used to develop CP model by injecting 0.5 mg/kg P. gingivalis LPS into the palatal gingival sulcus of maxillary first molars twice a week for four weeks. The mice were divided into control, P. gingivalis LPS (P-LPS), P-LPS + SCH58261, and SCH58261 groups. The passive avoidance test (PAT) and Morris water maze (MWM) were used to assess cognition in mice. Furthermore, CD73/adenosine, neuroinflammation, glutamate transporters, and glutamate were assessed. Compared with the P-LPS group, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg SCH58261 increased latency and decreased error times in PAT, but increased platform crossing number in MWM. SCH58261 inhibited microglial activation, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and glutamate levels, but increased GLT-1 and PSD95 expression in the hippocampus. This was the first report of SCH58261 treatment for CP-induced cognitive impairment, which may be related to its anti-inflammatory activities and anti-glutamate excitatory neurotoxicity. This suggests that SCH58261 can be used as a novel agent to treat cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendan He
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College of HUST, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-8586-0666
| | - Xianlong Xie
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College of HUST, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Laboratory for Tumor Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Head and Neurocenter, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Huang Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jishi Ye
- Department of Pain, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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10
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Andrei V, Fiț NI, Matei I, Barabás R, Bizo LA, Cadar O, Boșca BA, Farkas NI, Marincaș L, Muntean DM, Dinte E, Ilea A. In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Novel Electrospun Polylactic Acid/Hydroxyapatite Nanofibres Loaded with Doxycycline. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6225. [PMID: 36143537 PMCID: PMC9502851 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the in vitro antimicrobial effects of a novel biomaterial containing polylactic acid (PLA), nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAP) and Doxycycline (Doxy) obtained by electrospinning and designed for the non-surgical periodontal treatment. The antimicrobial activity of two samples (test sample, PLA-HAP-Doxy7: 5% PLA, nano-HAP, 7% Doxy and control sample, PLA-HAP: 5% PLA, nano-HAP) against two periodontal pathogens—Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis—was assessed using the Kirby−Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test and compared with the effect of four antibiotics used as adjuvants in periodontal therapy: Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Doxy and Metronidazole. The test sample (embedded with Doxy) showed higher inhibitory effects than commonly used antibiotics used in the treatment of periodontitis, while the control sample showed no inhibitory effects. Moreover, significant differences were observed between the inhibition zones of the two samples (p < 0.05). The Doxy-loaded PLA nanofibres had an antimicrobial effect against the periodontal pathogens. Based on these results, the novel biomaterial could be a promising candidate as adjuvant for the non-surgical local treatment in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Andrei
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicodim Iosif Fiț
- Department of Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Matei
- Department of Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Réka Barabás
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hungarian Line of Study, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liliana Antonela Bizo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Adina Boșca
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Noémi-Izabella Farkas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Marincaș
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana-Maria Muntean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Dinte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aranka Ilea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Ma X, Zhou S, Xu X, Du Q. Copper-containing nanoparticles: Mechanism of antimicrobial effect and application in dentistry-a narrative review. Front Surg 2022; 9:905892. [PMID: 35990090 PMCID: PMC9388913 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.905892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper has been used as an antimicrobial agent long time ago. Nowadays, copper-containing nanoparticles (NPs) with antimicrobial properties have been widely used in all aspects of our daily life. Copper-containing NPs may also be incorporated or coated on the surface of dental materials to inhibit oral pathogenic microorganisms. This review aims to detail copper-containing NPs' antimicrobial mechanism, cytotoxic effect and their application in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (West China Hospital Sichuan University Tibet Chengdu Branch Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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12
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Mulhall H, DiChiara JM, Huck O, Amar S. Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila reduces periodontal and systemic inflammation induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis in lean and obese mice. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:717-729. [PMID: 35415929 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila and Amuc_1100 on periodontal destruction in lean and obese mice and to determine the impact of the mode of administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Porphyromonas gingivalis-associated experimental periodontitis was induced in lean and obese mice. After 3 weeks, live, pasteurized A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 was administered by oral or gastric gavage for three additional weeks. Moreover, an evaluation of the interaction between A. muciniphila and P. gingivalis was performed by RNA-sequencing, and cytokines secretion was measured in exposed macrophages. RESULTS Oral administration of live, pasteurized A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 significantly decreased P. gingivalis-induced periodontal destruction and inflammatory infiltrate in lean and obese mice and contributed to the reduction of the plasma level of TNF-α and to the increase of IL-10. The co-culture of A. muciniphila and P. gingivalis induced an increased expression of genes linked to the synthesis of monobactam-related antibiotics in A. muciniphila, while a decrease of the gingipains and type IX secretion system was observed in P. gingivalis. In P. gingivalis-infected macrophages, pasteurized A. muciniphila decreased TNF-α and increased IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS Pasteurized A. muciniphila can counteract P. gingivalis-associated periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Mulhall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Jeanne M DiChiara
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Olivier Huck
- Faculté de Chirurgie-Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Salomon Amar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
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13
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Liu Y, Huang W, Dai K, Liu N, Wang J, Lu X, Ma J, Zhang M, Xu M, Long X, Liu J, Kou Y. Inflammatory response of gut, spleen, and liver in mice induced by orally administered Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2088936. [PMID: 35756539 PMCID: PMC9225697 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2088936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a primary periopathogen in the initiation and development of periodontal disease. Evidence has shown that P. gingivalis is associated with systemic diseases, including IBD and fatty liver disease. Inflammatory response is a key feature of diseases related to this species. Methods C57BL/6 mice were administered either PBS, or P. gingivalis. After 9 weeks, the inflammatory response in gut, spleen, and liver was analyzed. Results The findings revealed significant disturbance of the intestinal microbiota and increased inflammatory factors in the gut of P. gingivalis-administered mice. Administrated P. gingivalis remarkably promoted the secretion of IRF-1 and activated the inflammatory pathway IFN-γ/STAT1 in the spleen. Histologically, mice treated with P. gingivalis exhibited hepatocyte damage and lipid deposition. The inflammatory factors IL-17a, IL-6, and ROR-γt were also upregulated in the liver of mice fed with P. gingivalis. Lee’s index, spleen index, and liver index were also increased. Conclusion These results suggest that administrated P. gingivalis evokes inflammation in gut, spleen, and liver, which might promote the progression of various systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingman Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenkai Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ke Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Lishui University School of Medicine, Lishui, Zhejing, China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoying Lu
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Long
- Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yurong Kou
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Department of Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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14
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Vaillancourt K, Ben Lagha A, Grenier D. Effects of a Berry Polyphenolic Fraction on the Pathogenic Properties of Porphyromonas gingivalis. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:923663. [PMID: 35784661 PMCID: PMC9245044 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.923663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis expresses a broad array of virulence factors that enable it to play a central role in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of a berry polyphenolic fraction (Orophenol®) composed of extracts from cranberry, wild blueberry, and strawberry on the main pathogenic determinants of P. gingivalis. Orophenol® attenuated the growth of P. gingivalis and decreased its hemolytic activity, its adherence to a basement membrane matrix model, and its proteinase activities. The berry polyphenolic fraction also impaired the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by oral keratinocytes stimulated with P. gingivalis. Lastly, using an in vitro model of oral keratinocyte barrier, the fraction exerted a protective effect against the damages mediated by P. gingivalis. In conclusion, the berry polyphenolic fraction investigated in the present study attenuated several pathogenic properties of P. gingivalis. Although future clinical investigations are required, our study provided evidence that the polyphenols contained in this fraction may represent bioactive molecules of high interest for the prevention and/or treatment of periodontal disease.
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15
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Zhang J, Xie M, Huang X, Chen G, Yin Y, Lu X, Feng G, Yu R, Chen L. The Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Atherosclerosis-Related Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:766560. [PMID: 35003080 PMCID: PMC8734595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease, has initially been attributed to the accumulation of fats and fibrous materials. However, more and more researchers regarded it as a chronic inflammatory disease nowadays. Infective disease, such as periodontitis, is related to the risk of atherosclerosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the most common bacteria in stomatology, is usually discovered in atherosclerotic plaque in patients. Furthermore, it was reported that P. gingivalis can promote the progression of atherosclerosis. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of P. gingivalis in atherosclerosis attracted attention, which is thought to be crucial to the therapy of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is much complicated, and many kinds of cells participate in it. By summarizing existing studies, we find that P. gingivalis can influence the function of many cells in atherosclerosis. It can induce the dysfunction of endothelium, promote the formation of foam cells as well as the proliferation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells, and lead to the imbalance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (Th) cells, ultimately promoting the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the specific mechanism of atherosclerosis caused by P. gingivalis. It sorts out the interaction between P. gingivalis and AS-related cells, which provides a new perspective for us to prevent or slow down the occurrence and development of AS by inhibiting periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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16
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Ren L, Shen D, Liu C, Ding Y. Protein Tyrosine and Serine/Threonine Phosphorylation in Oral Bacterial Dysbiosis and Bacteria-Host Interaction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:814659. [PMID: 35087767 PMCID: PMC8787120 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.814659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human oral cavity harbors approximately 1,000 microbial species, and dysbiosis of the microflora and imbalanced microbiota-host interactions drive many oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Oral microbiota homeostasis is critical for systemic health. Over the last two decades, bacterial protein phosphorylation systems have been extensively studied, providing mounting evidence of the pivotal role of tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation in oral bacterial dysbiosis and bacteria-host interactions. Ongoing investigations aim to discover novel kinases and phosphatases and to understand the mechanism by which these phosphorylation events regulate the pathogenicity of oral bacteria. Here, we summarize the structures of bacterial tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases and discuss the roles of tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation systems in Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus mutans, emphasizing their involvement in bacterial metabolism and virulence, community development, and bacteria-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daonan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Wang T, Ishikawa T, Sasaki M, Chiba T. Oral and Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Central Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:822190. [PMID: 35308549 PMCID: PMC8924514 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.822190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota play many important roles, such as the regulation of immunity and barrier function in the intestine, and are crucial for maintaining homeostasis in living organisms. The disruption in microbiota is called dysbiosis, which has been associated with various chronic inflammatory conditions, food allergies, colorectal cancer, etc. The gut microbiota is also affected by several other factors such as diet, antibiotics and other medications, or bacterial and viral infections. Moreover, there are some reports on the oral-gut-liver axis indicating that the disruption of oral microbiota affects the intestinal biota. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the systemic diseases caused due to the dysregulation of the oral-gut-liver axis. NAFLD is the most common liver disease reported in the developed countries. It includes liver damage ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and cancer. Recently, accumulating evidence supports an association between NAFLD and dysbiosis of oral and gut microbiota. Periodontopathic bacteria, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis, have been correlated with the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD based on the clinical and basic research, and immunology. P. gingivalis was detected in the liver, and lipopolysaccharide from this bacteria has been shown to be involved in the progression of NAFLD, thereby indicating a direct role of P. gingivalis in NAFLD. Moreover, P. gingivalis induces dysbiosis of gut microbiota, which promotes the progression of NAFLD, through disrupting both metabolic and immunologic pathways. Here, we review the roles of microbial dysbiosis in NAFLD. Focusing on P. gingivalis, we evaluate and summarize the most recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between oral-gut microbiome symbiosis and the pathogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as discuss novel strategies targeting both P. gingivalis and microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- Ting Wang
| | - Taichi Ishikawa
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Minoru Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Toshimi Chiba
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toshimi Chiba
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18
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Shimabukuro N, Cataruci ACDS, Ishikawa KH, de Oliveira BE, Kawamoto D, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Albuquerque-Souza E, Nicoli JR, Ferreira CM, de Lima J, Bueno MR, da Silva LBR, Silva PHF, Messora MR, Camara NOS, Simionato MRL, Mayer MPA. Bifidobacterium Strains Present Distinct Effects on the Control of Alveolar Bone Loss in a Periodontitis Experimental Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713595. [PMID: 34630089 PMCID: PMC8497694 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease induced by a dysbiotic oral microbiome. Probiotics of the genus Bifidobacterium may restore the symbiotic microbiome and modulate the immune response, leading to periodontitis control. We evaluated the effect of two strains of Bifidobacterium able to inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis interaction with host cells and biofilm formation, but with distinct immunomodulatory properties, in a mice periodontitis model. Experimental periodontitis (P+) was induced in C57Bl/6 mice by a microbial consortium of human oral organisms. B. bifidum 1622A [B+ (1622)] and B. breve 1101A [B+ (1101)] were orally inoculated for 45 days. Alveolar bone loss and inflammatory response in gingival tissues were determined. The microbial consortium induced alveolar bone loss in positive control (P + B-), as demonstrated by microtomography analysis, although P. gingivalis was undetected in oral biofilms at the end of the experimental period. TNF-α and IL-10 serum levels, and Treg and Th17 populations in gingiva of SHAM and P + B- groups did not differ. B. bifidum 1622A, but not B. breve 1101A, controlled bone destruction in P+ mice. B. breve 1101A upregulated transcription of Il-1β, Tnf-α, Tlr2, Tlr4, and Nlrp3 in P-B+(1101), which was attenuated by the microbial consortium [P + B+(1101)]. All treatments downregulated transcription of Il-17, although treatment with B. breve 1101A did not yield such low levels of transcripts as seen for the other groups. B. breve 1101A increased Th17 population in gingival tissues [P-B+ (1101) and P + B+ (1101)] compared to SHAM and P + B-. Administration of both bifidobacteria resulted in serum IL-10 decreased levels. Our data indicated that the beneficial effect of Bifidobacterium is not a common trait of this genus, since B. breve 1101A induced an inflammatory profile in gingival tissues and did not prevent alveolar bone loss. However, the properties of B. bifidum 1622A suggest its potential to control periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Shimabukuro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amália C de S Cataruci
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin H Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna E de Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen S Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Albuquerque-Souza
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caroline M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Jean de Lima
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela R Bueno
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro B R da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro H F Silva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Michel R Messora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina L Simionato
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Qiu C, Shen H, Zhang H, He Z, Song Z, Zhou W. The imbalance of Th17/Treg via STAT3 activation modulates cognitive impairment in P. gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis mice. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:511-524. [PMID: 34342041 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0521-742rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases worldwide, and it is associated with various systemic diseases, including cognitive diseases. STAT3 regulates the inflammatory cascade and influences adaptive immunity by modulating Th17/Treg cell differentiation. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of adaptive immunity inside and outside the brain on the association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment and understand the role of the STAT3 signaling pathway. We established Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis mice models by injecting P. gingivalis LPS into the gingival sulcus of mice. Behavioral tests showed that learning and memory abilities were impaired. The flow cytometry data showed an imbalance in the Th17/Treg ratio in the blood and brain samples of the mice. The expression of Th17-related cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-22) increased, whereas that of Treg-related cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) decreased in both the blood and the brain. The level of LPS increased and the STAT3 signaling pathway was activated during this process. These effects were reversed by C188-9, a STAT3 inhibitor. In conclusion, P. gingivalis LPS-induced periodontitis may promote the occurrence and progression of cognitive impairment by modulating the Th17/Treg balance inside and outside the brain. The STAT3 signaling pathway may have immunoregulatory effects on the mouth-to-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Che Qiu
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyan He
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univerisity; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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20
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Redanz U, Redanz S, Treerat P, Prakasam S, Lin LJ, Merritt J, Kreth J. Differential Response of Oral Mucosal and Gingival Cells to Corynebacterium durum, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis Multispecies Biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:686479. [PMID: 34277471 PMCID: PMC8282179 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.686479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial interactions with oral mucosal surfaces determine the health status of the host. While a homeostatic balance provides protection from oral disease, a dysbiotic polymicrobial community promotes tissue destruction and chronic oral diseases. How polymicrobial communities transition from a homeostatic to a dysbiotic state is an understudied process. Thus, we were interested to investigate this ecological transition by focusing on biofilm communities containing high abundance commensal species and low abundance pathobionts to characterize the host-microbiome interactions occurring during oral health. To this end, a multispecies biofilm model was examined using the commensal species Corynebacterium durum and Streptococcus sanguinis and the pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis. We compared how both single and multispecies biofilms interact with different oral mucosal and gingival cell types, including the well-studied oral keratinocyte cell lines OKF4/TERT-1and hTERT TIGKs as well as human primary periodontal ligament cells. While single species biofilms of C. durum, S. sanguinis, and P. gingivalis are all characterized by unique cytokine responses for each species, multispecies biofilms elicited a response resembling S. sanguinis single species biofilms. One notable exception is the influence of P. gingivalis upon TNF-α and Gro-α production in hTERT TIGKs cells, which was not affected by the presence of other species. This study is also the first to examine the host response to C. durum. Interestingly, C. durum yielded no notable inflammatory responses from any of the tested host cells, suggesting it functions as a true commensal species. Conversely, S. sanguinis was able to induce expression and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, demonstrating a much greater inflammatory potential, despite being health associated. Our study also demonstrates the variability of host cell responses between different cell lines, highlighting the importance of developing relevant in vitro models to study oral microbiome-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Redanz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sylvio Redanz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States,Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Puthalayai Treerat
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sivaraman Prakasam
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Li-Jung Lin
- Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Justin Merritt
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jens Kreth
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States,*Correspondence: Jens Kreth,
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21
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Kong XJ, Liu K, Zhuang P, Tian R, Liu S, Clairmont C, Lin X, Sherman H, Zhu J, Wang Y, Fong M, Li A, Wang BK, Wang J, Yu Z, Shen C, Cui X, Cao H, Du T, Wan G, Cao X. The Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR-99 Supplementation on Body Mass Index, Social Communication, Fine Motor Function, and Gut Microbiome Composition in Individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome: a Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1508-1520. [PMID: 34115318 PMCID: PMC8578098 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder associated with developmental delay, obesity, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Limosilactobacillus reuteri (Lactobacillus reuteri, Lact. reuteri) has demonstrated anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects in previous studies. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the effects of Lact. reuteri supplementation on body mass index (BMI), social behaviors, and gut microbiota in individuals with PWS. We conducted a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 71 individuals with PWS aged 6 to 264 months (64.4 ± 51.0 months). Participants were randomly assigned to either receive daily Lact. reuteri LR-99 probiotic (6 × 1010 colony forming units) or a placebo sachet. Groupwise differences were assessed for BMI, ASQ-3, and GARS-3 at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks into treatment. Gut microbiome data was analyzed with the QIIME2 software package, and predictive functional profiling was conducted with PICRUSt-2. We found a significant reduction in BMI for the probiotic group at both 6 weeks and 12 weeks relative to the baseline (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we observed a significant improvement in social communication and interaction, fine motor function, and total ASQ-3 score in the probiotics group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05). Altered gut microbiota was observed in the probiotic group to favor weight loss and improve gut health. The findings suggest a novel therapeutic potential for Lact. reuteri LR-99 probiotic to modulate BMI, social behaviors, and gut microbiota in Prader-Willi syndrome patients, although further investigation is warranted.Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900022646.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Kong
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Kevin Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Zhuang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruiyi Tian
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siyu Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cullen Clairmont
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hannah Sherman
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yelan Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Fong
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Li
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Zhehao Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianghua Cui
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hanyu Cao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Du
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guobin Wan
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Cao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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22
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Salivary Microbiome Diversity in Kuwaiti Adolescents with Varied Body Mass Index-A Pilot Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061222. [PMID: 34200004 PMCID: PMC8228046 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of the salivary microbiome in human diseases has increasingly been explored. The salivary microbiome has been characterized in several global populations, except the Arabian Gulf region. Hence, in this pilot study, we profiled the salivary microbiome of Kuwaiti adolescents with varied body mass indexes (BMI). The analyses of core microbiome composition showed Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria, Fusobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Campylobacterota as the common phylum found in the Kuwaiti adolescent population. We also illustrated a diverse microbial community among the sampled individuals grouped according to their BMI. Notably, the overweight group was found with a higher number of distinct taxa than other groups. As such, the core microbiome composition was found to be significantly different (p-value < 0.001) across different BMI groups. Overall, this pilot investigation outlined the microbial diversity and suggested that changes in salivary microbiome composition in people with obese or overweight BMI might reflect their susceptibility to oral diseases.
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23
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Hyperlipidemic Conditions Impact Force-Induced Inflammatory Response of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Concomitantly Challenged with P. gingivalis-LPS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116069. [PMID: 34199865 PMCID: PMC8200083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In obese patients, enhanced serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA), such as palmitate (PA) or oleate (OA), are associated with an increase in systemic inflammatory markers. Bacterial infection during periodontal disease also promotes local and systemic low-grade inflammation. How both conditions concomitantly impact tooth movement is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to address the changes in cytokine expression and the secretion of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLF) due to hyperlipidemic conditions, when additionally stressed by bacterial and mechanical stimuli. To investigate the impact of obesity-related hyperlipidemic FFA levels on HPdLF, cells were treated with 200 µM PA or OA prior to the application of 2 g/cm2 compressive force. To further determine the additive impact of bacterial infection, HPdLF were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) obtained from Porphyromonas gingivalis. In mechanically compressed HPdLF, PA enhanced COX2 expression and PGE2 secretion. When mechanically stressed HPdLF were additionally stimulated with LPS, the PGE2 and IL6 secretion, as well as monocyte adhesion, were further increased in PA-treated cultures. Our data emphasize that a hyperlipidemic condition enhances the susceptibility of HPdLF to an excessive inflammatory response to compressive forces, when cells are concomitantly exposed to bacterial components.
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24
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Torres W, Chávez-Castillo M, Peréz-Vicuña JL, Carrasquero R, Díaz MP, Gomez Y, Ramírez P, Cano C, Rojas-Quintero J, Chacín M, Velasco M, de Sanctis JB, Bermudez V. Potential role of bioactive lipids in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4434-4451. [PMID: 34036919 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210525164734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, which involves a pathological inflammatory response against articular cartilage in multiple joints throughout the body. It is a complex disorder associated with comorbidities such as depression, lymphoma, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which significantly deteriorate patients' quality of life and prognosis. This has ignited a large initiative to elucidate the physiopathology of RA, aiming to identify new therapeutic targets and approaches in its multidisciplinary management. Recently, various lipid bioactive products have been proposed to have an essential role in this process; including eicosanoids, specialized pro-resolving mediators, phospholipids/sphingolipids, and endocannabinoids. Dietary interventions using omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or treatment with synthetic endocannabinoids agonists have been shown to significantly ameliorate RA symptoms. Indeed, the modulation of lipid metabolism may be crucial in the pathophysiology and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wheeler Torres
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - José L Peréz-Vicuña
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - Rubén Carrasquero
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - María P Díaz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - Yosselin Gomez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - Paola Ramírez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine. University of Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston. 0
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla. Colombia
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Escuela de Medicina José María Vargas, Caracas. Venezuela
| | - Juan Bautista de Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. Palacky University. Czech Republic
| | - Valmore Bermudez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla. Colombia
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25
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Bugueno IM, Benkirane-Jessel N, Huck O. Implication of Toll/IL-1 receptor domain containing adapters in Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammation. Innate Immun 2021; 27:324-342. [PMID: 34018827 PMCID: PMC8186158 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211013087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is induced by periodontal dysbiosis characterized by the predominance of anaerobic species. TLRs constitute the classical pathway for cell activation by infection. Interestingly, the Toll/IL-1 receptor homology domain adapters initiate signaling events, leading to the activation of the expression of the genes involved in the host immune response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the expression and protein-protein interactions among five TIR adapters (MAL, MyD88, TRIF, TRAM and SARM) in gingival epithelial cells and endothelial cells. It was observed that P. gingivalis is able to modulate the signaling cascades activated through its recognition by TLR4/2 in gingival epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Indeed, MAL-MyD88 protein-protein interactions associated with TLR4 was the main pathway activated by P. gingivalis infection. When transient siRNA inhibition was performed, cell viability, inflammation, and cell death induced by infection decreased and such deleterious effects were almost absent when MAL or TRAM were targeted. This study emphasizes the role of such TIR adapter proteins in P. gingivalis elicited inflammation and the precise evaluation of TIR adapter protein interactions may pave the way for future therapeutics in both periodontitis and systemic disease with a P. gingivalis involvement, such as atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac M Bugueno
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Huck
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, France.,Pôle de Médecine et de Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
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26
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Barbour A, Glogauer J, Grinfeld L, Ostadsharif Memar R, Fine N, Tenenbaum H, Glogauer M. The role of CRISPR-Cas in advancing precision periodontics. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:454-461. [PMID: 33452819 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The significant advancement of molecular biology has revolutionized medicine and provided important technologies to further clinical research development. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) are DNA sequences derived from bacteriophages which have previously infected the bacterial species. The CRISPR-Cas system plays a key role in bacterial defense by detecting and destroying DNA fragments during subsequent bacteriophage invasions. The Cas9 enzyme recognizes and cleaves new invading CRISPR-complementary DNA sequences. Researchers have taken advantage of this biological device to manipulate microbes' genes and develop novel therapeutics to tackle systemic disease. In this review, we discuss the potential of utilizing CRISPR-Cas systems in the periodontal field to develop personalized periodontal care. We summarize promising attempts to bring this technology to the clinical setting. Finally, we provide insights regarding future developments to best utilize the CRISPR-Cas systems to advance precision periodontics. Although further research is imperative to evaluate the safety and potential of using CRISPR-Cas to develop precision periodontics approaches, few studies showed promising data to support the investment into this important technology in the dental sector. CRISPR-Cas9 can be a useful tool to create knockouts in vitro and in vivo as a screening tool to identify cellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Alternative CRISPR systems such as CRISPRa, CRISPRi, and Cas13 can be used to modify the transcriptome and gene expression of genes involved in periodontitis progression. CRISPR systems such as Cas3 can be used to target the periodontal biofilm and to develop new strategies to reduce or eliminate periodontal pathogens. Currently, the utility of CRISPR-Cas applications in clinical settings is limited. Through this review, we hope to foster further discussion in the periodontal research and clinical communities with respect to the potential clinical application of novel, CRISPR-Cas based, therapeutics for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judah Glogauer
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lis Grinfeld
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard Tenenbaum
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dental Oncology, Maxillofacial and Ocular Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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27
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Escalda C, Botelho J, Mendes JJ, Machado V. Association of bacterial vaginosis with periodontitis in a cross-sectional American nationwide survey. Sci Rep 2021; 11:630. [PMID: 33436651 PMCID: PMC7803979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the association between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and periodontitis (PD) and to determine whether PD and BV might be linked with systemic serum alterations. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004, with women aged 18-49 years old and diagnosed with or without BV according to Nugent's method. PD was defined according to the 2012 case definition. We compared serum counts according to the presence of PD and the presence of BV. Multivariable regression was used to explore and identify relevant variables towards the presence of BV. 961 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In women with BV, PD was associated with higher inflammation, characterized by increased white blood cells (p = 0.006) and lymphocyte (p = 0.009) counts. Predictive models presented a statistically significant association between PD and BV [Odds Ratio (OD) = 1.69, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.09-2.61 for periodontitis; OD = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.30-4.29 for severe PD]. Fully adjusted models for age, smoking, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and number of systemic conditions reinforced this association [OD = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.06-2.76 for PD; OD = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.15-4.25 for severe PD]. An association between BV and PD is conceivable. PD was associated with higher systemic markers of inflammation in women with BV. Our data is novel and could serve as a foundation to guide future studies in the confirmation of this association and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Escalda
- Evidence-Based Hub Egas Moniz, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Almada, Portugal
| | - João Botelho
- Evidence-Based Hub Egas Moniz, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Almada, Portugal
- Periodontology Department, Egas Moniz Dental Clinic, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Center (EMIRC), IUEM, Egas Moniz University, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, 2829 - 511, Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Evidence-Based Hub Egas Moniz, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Almada, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Evidence-Based Hub Egas Moniz, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz - Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, CRL, Almada, Portugal.
- Periodontology Department, Egas Moniz Dental Clinic, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Center (EMIRC), IUEM, Egas Moniz University, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, 2829 - 511, Almada, Portugal.
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Nara PL, Sindelar D, Penn MS, Potempa J, Griffin WST. Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles as the Major Driver of and Explanation for Neuropathogenesis, the Cholinergic Hypothesis, Iron Dyshomeostasis, and Salivary Lactoferrin in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1417-1450. [PMID: 34275903 PMCID: PMC8461682 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a primary oral pathogen in the widespread biofilm-induced "chronic" multi-systems inflammatory disease(s) including Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is possibly the only second identified unique example of a biological extremophile in the human body. Having a better understanding of the key microbiological and genetic mechanisms of its pathogenesis and disease induction are central to its future diagnosis, treatment, and possible prevention. The published literature around the role of Pg in AD highlights the bacteria's direct role within the brain to cause disease. The available evidence, although somewhat adopted, does not fully support this as the major process. There are alternative pathogenic/virulence features associated with Pg that have been overlooked and may better explain the pathogenic processes found in the "infection hypothesis" of AD. A better explanation is offered here for the discrepancy in the relatively low amounts of "Pg bacteria" residing in the brain compared to the rather florid amounts and broad distribution of one or more of its major bacterial protein toxins. Related to this, the "Gingipains Hypothesis", AD-related iron dyshomeostasis, and the early reduced salivary lactoferrin, along with the resurrection of the Cholinergic Hypothesis may now be integrated into one working model. The current paper suggests the highly evolved and developed Type IX secretory cargo system of Pg producing outer membrane vesicles may better explain the observed diseases. Thus it is hoped this paper can provide a unifying model for the sporadic form of AD and guide the direction of research, treatment, and possible prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc S. Penn
- Summa Heart Health and Vascular Institute, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases in the School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - W. Sue T. Griffin
- Department of Geriatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Akkermansia muciniphila and Its Pili-Like Protein Amuc_1100 Modulate Macrophage Polarization in Experimental Periodontitis. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00500-20. [PMID: 33020212 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00500-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease triggered by dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. Porphyromonas gingivalis is strongly implicated in periodontal inflammation, gingival tissue destruction, and alveolar bone loss through sustained exacerbation of the host response. Recently, the use of other bacterial species, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, has been suggested to counteract inflammation elicited by P. gingivalis In this study, the effects of A. muciniphila and its pili-like protein Amuc_1100 on macrophage polarization during P. gingivalis infection were evaluated in a murine model of experimental periodontitis. Mice were gavaged with P. gingivalis alone or in combination with A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 for 6 weeks. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the addition of A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 significantly reduced P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone loss. This decreased bone loss was associated with a proresolutive phenotype (M2) of macrophages isolated from submandibular lymph nodes as observed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) at the RNA and protein levels was significantly increased in the gingival tissues of the mice and in macrophages exposed to A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100, confirming their anti-inflammatory properties. This study demonstrates the putative therapeutic interest of the administration of A. muciniphila or Amuc_1100 in the management of periodontitis through their anti-inflammatory properties.
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Abstract
The oral microbiome of healthy older adults has valuable information about a healthy microbiome. In this study, we collected and analyzed the oral microbiome of denture plaque and tongue coating samples from four female centenarians. After DNA extraction and purification, pyrosequencing of the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA was carried out. The bacterial taxonomy for each lead was assigned based on a search of the EzBioCloud 16S database. We obtained a total of 199,723 valid, quality-controlled reads for denture plaque and 210,750 reads for tongue coating. The reads were assigned 407 operational taxonomic units with a 97% identity cutoff. Twenty-nine species were detected in both denture plaque and tongue coatings from all subjects. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum; the Streptococcus salivarius group was the most abundant species in both the denture plaque and tongue coatings; and the Fusobacterium nucleatum group was detected in all subjects. In the bacterial profile, species formed clusters composed of bacteria with a wide range of prevalence and abundance, not dependent on phyla; each cluster may have specific species that could be candidates for a core microbiome. Firmicutes and Veillonella were abundant phyla on both plaque and tongue coatings of centenarians.
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