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Bajda T, Grela A, Pamuła J, Kuc J, Klimek A, Matusik J, Franus W, Alagarsamy SKK, Danek T, Gara P. Using Zeolite Materials to Remove Pharmaceuticals from Water. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3848. [PMID: 39124512 PMCID: PMC11313275 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical drugs, including antibiotics and hormonal agents, pose a significant threat to environmental and public health due to their persistent presence in aquatic environments. Colistin (KOL), fluoxetine (FLUO), amoxicillin (AMO), and 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EST) are pharmaceuticals (PhCs) that frequently exceed regulatory limits in water and wastewater. Current removal methods are mainly ineffective, necessitating the development of more efficient techniques. This study investigates the use of synthetic zeolite (NaP1_FA) and zeolite-carbon composites (NaP1_C), both derived from fly ash (FA), for the removal of KOL, FLUO, AMO, and EST from aquatic environments. Batch adsorption experiments assessed the effects of contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and pH on the removal efficiency of the pharmaceuticals. The results demonstrated that NaP1_FA and NaP1_C exhibited high removal efficiencies for all tested pharmaceuticals, achieving over 90% removal within 2 min of contact time. The Behnajady-Modirshahla-Ghanbary (BMG) kinetic model best described the adsorption processes. The most effective sorption was observed with a sorbent dose of 1-2 g L-1. Regarding removal efficiency, the substances ranked in this order: EST was the highest, followed by AMO, KOL, and FLUO. Sorption efficiency was influenced by the initial pH of the solutions, with optimal performance observed at pH 2-2.5 for KOL and FLUO. The zeolite-carbon composite NaP1_C, due to its hydrophobic nature, showed superior sorption efficiency for hydrophobic pharmaceuticals like FLUO and EST. The spectral analysis reveals that the primary mechanism for immobilizing the tested PhCs on zeolite sorbents is mainly due to physical sorption. This study underscores the potential of utilizing inexpensive, fly ash-derived zeolites and zeolite-carbon composites to remove pharmaceuticals from water effectively. These findings contribute to developing advanced materials for decentralized wastewater treatment systems, directly addressing pollution sources in various facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Bajda
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (J.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Agnieszka Grela
- Faculty of Environmental and Power Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; (A.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Justyna Pamuła
- Faculty of Environmental and Power Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland; (A.G.); (J.P.)
| | - Joanna Kuc
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Klimek
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (J.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Jakub Matusik
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (J.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Wojciech Franus
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Tomasz Danek
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.); (J.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Paweł Gara
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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Lobertti CA, Cabezudo I, Gizzi FO, Blancato V, Magni C, Furlán RLE, García Véscovi E. An allosteric inhibitor of the PhoQ histidine kinase with therapeutic potential against Salmonella infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:1820-1830. [PMID: 38853496 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The upsurge of antimicrobial resistance demands innovative strategies to fight bacterial infections. With traditional antibiotics becoming less effective, anti-virulence agents or pathoblockers, arise as an alternative approach that seeks to disarm pathogens without affecting their viability, thereby reducing selective pressure for the emergence of resistance mechanisms. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the mechanism of action of compound N'-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide (A16B1), a potent synthetic hydrazone inhibitor against the Salmonella PhoP/PhoQ system, essential for virulence. MATERIALS AND METHODS The measurement of the activity of PhoP/PhoQ-dependent and -independent reporter genes was used to evaluate the specificity of A16B1 to the PhoP regulon. Autokinase activity assays with either the native or truncated versions of PhoQ were used to dissect the A16B1 mechanism of action. The effect of A16B1 on Salmonella intramacrophage replication was assessed using the gentamicin protection assay. The checkerboard assay approach was used to analyse potentiation effects of colistin with the hydrazone. The Galleria mellonella infection model was chosen to evaluate A16B1 as an in vivo therapy against Salmonella. RESULTS A16B1 repressed the Salmonella PhoP/PhoQ system activity, specifically targeting PhoQ within the second transmembrane region. A16B1 demonstrates synergy with the antimicrobial peptide colistin, reduces the intramacrophage proliferation of Salmonella without being cytotoxic and enhances the survival of G. mellonella larvae systemically infected with Salmonella. CONCLUSIONS A16B1 selectively inhibits the activity of the Salmonella PhoP/PhoQ system through a novel inhibitory mechanism, representing a promising synthetic hydrazone compound with the potential to function as a Salmonella pathoblocker. This offers innovative prospects for combating Salmonella infections while mitigating the risk of antimicrobial resistance emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Lobertti
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2000EZP, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Cabezudo
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Fernán O Gizzi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2000EZP, Argentina
| | - Víctor Blancato
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2000EZP, Argentina
| | - Christian Magni
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2000EZP, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L E Furlán
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Eleonora García Véscovi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2000EZP, Argentina
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Wang WX, Wu JZ, Zhang BL, Yu JY, Han LM, Lu XL, Li H, Fu SY, Ren YY, Dong H, Xu Y, Wang GT, Gao JH, Wang C, Chen XZ, Liu DX, Huang Y, Yu JH, Wang SW, Yang YF, Chen W. Phage therapy combats pan drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection safely and efficiently. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107220. [PMID: 38810939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Phage therapy offers a promising approach to combat the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. Yet, key questions remain regarding dosage, administration routes, combination therapy, and the causes of therapeutic failure. In this study, we focused on a novel lytic phage, ФAb4B, which specifically targeted the Acinetobacter baumannii strains with KL160 capsular polysaccharide, including the pan-drug resistant A. baumannii YQ4. ФAb4B exhibited the ability to effectively inhibit biofilm formation and eradicate mature biofilms independently of dosage. Additionally, it demonstrated a wide spectrum of antibiotic-phage synergy and did not show any cytotoxic or haemolytic effects. Continuous phage injections, both intraperitoneally and intravenously over 7 d, showed no acute toxicity in vivo. Importantly, phage therapy significantly improved neutrophil counts, outperforming ciprofloxacin. However, excessive phage injections suppressed neutrophil levels. The combinatorial treatment of phage-ciprofloxacin rescued 91% of the mice, a superior outcome compared to phage alone (67%). The efficacy of the combinatorial treatment was independent of phage dosage. Notably, prophylactic administration of the combinatorial regimen provided no protection, but even when combined with a delayed therapeutic regimen, it saved all the mice. Bacterial resistance to the phage was not a contributing factor to treatment failure. Our preclinical study systematically describes the lytic phage's effectiveness in both in vitro and in vivo settings, filling in crucial details about phage treatment against bacteriemia caused by A. baumannii, which will provide a robust foundation for the future of phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xiao Wang
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Wu
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bai-Ling Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Yu
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Mei Han
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shi-Yong Fu
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Yao Ren
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Gong-Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Han Gao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Du-Xian Liu
- Department of pathology, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Infection Control and Management, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated Hospital to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong-Feng Yang
- The Clinical Infectious Disease Center of Nanjing, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Alsahlani F, Haeili M. Genetic Alterations Associated with Colistin Resistance Development in Escherichia coli. Microb Drug Resist 2024; 30:325-331. [PMID: 38905152 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2024.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The increased incidence of infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria has led to the renewed interest in the use of 'forgotten' antibiotics such as colistin. In this work, we studied the chromosomal colistin resistance mechanisms among laboratory-induced colistin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates. Methods: Three colistin-susceptible (ColS) clinical isolates of E. coli assigning to ST131, ST405, and ST361 were exposed to successively increasing concentrations of colistin. The nucleotide sequences of pmrA, pmrB, pmrD, phoP, phoQ, and mgrB genes were determined. The fitness burden associated with colistin resistance acquisition was determined by measuring the in vitro growth rate. Results: Colistin resistance induction resulted in 16-64 times increase in colistin MICs in mutants (n = 8) compared with parental isolates. Analysis of chromosomal genes in colistin-resistant mutants compared with those of ColS ancestors revealed genetic alterations confined to PmrAB two-component system and included PmrA G53R/R81S/L105P and PmrB E121K/E121A/A159P/A159V/G302E changes. The PmrB E121 was found as a critical position for colistin resistance development being altered in three mutants with different ancestors. The acquired colistin-resistance phenotype was stable following 10 consecutive passages in the absence of selective pressure of colistin and it did not alter the susceptibility of mutants to other antimicrobial agents. All mutants exhibited growth rates similar to their respective ColS ancestors, except for one isolate, which revealed a significant growth defect. Conclusion: Our results revealed that colistin resistance in E. coli was more related to PmrAB alterations, which did not impose a fitness cost in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Alsahlani
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehri Haeili
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Wang P, Xie C, Zhang Y, Li H, Lu Y, Sun L, Hu X, Nie T, Li C, Li G, Lu X, Pang J, Yang X, Yu L, Li X, Wang X, You X. Negatively charged nanodiscs for the reduction of toxicity and enhanced efficacy of polymyxin B against Acinetobacter baumannii sepsis. Acta Biomater 2024; 184:323-334. [PMID: 38901753 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of sepsis caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections remains challenging. With these pathogens exhibiting resistance to carbapenems and new generation cephalosporins, the traditional antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB) has reemerged as a critical treatment option. However, its severe neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity greatly limit the clinical application. Therefore, we designed negatively charged high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mimicking nanodiscs as a PMB delivery system, which can simultaneously reduce toxicity and enhance drug efficacy. The negative charge prevented the PMB release in physiological conditions and binding to cell membranes, significantly reducing toxicity in mammalian cells and mice. Notably, nanodisc-PMB exhibits superior efficacy than free PMB in sepsis induced by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strains. Nanodisc-PMB shows promise as a treatment for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial sepsis, especially caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, and the nanodiscs could be repurposed for other toxic antibiotics as an innovative delivery system. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, notably carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, currently pose a substantial challenge due to the scarcity of effective treatments, rendering Polymyxins a last-resort antibiotic option. However, their therapeutic application is significantly limited by severe neurotoxic and nephrotoxic side effects. Prevailing polymyxin delivery systems focus on either reducing toxicity or enhancing bioavailability yet fail to simultaneously achieve both. In this scenario, we have developed a distinctive HDL-mimicking nanodisc for polymyxin B, which not only significantly reduces toxicity but also improves efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria, especially in sepsis caused by CRAB. This research offers an innovative drug delivery system for polymyxin B. Such advancement could notably improve the therapeutic landscape and make a significant contribution to the arsenal against these notorious pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghe Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chunyang Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Youwen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Haibin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yun Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tongying Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Congran Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liyan Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xiukun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xuefu You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains, CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Maybin M, Ranade AM, Schombel U, Gisch N, Mamat U, Meredith TC. IS 1-mediated chromosomal amplification of the arn operon leads to polymyxin B resistance in Escherichia coli B strains. mBio 2024; 15:e0063424. [PMID: 38904391 PMCID: PMC11253626 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00634-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins [colistin and polymyxin B (PMB)] comprise an important class of natural product lipopeptide antibiotics used to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. These positively charged lipopeptides interact with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) located in the outer membrane and disrupt the permeability barrier, leading to increased uptake and bacterial cell death. Many bacteria counter polymyxins by upregulating genes involved in the biosynthesis and transfer of amine-containing moieties to increase positively charged residues on LPS. Although 4-deoxy-l-aminoarabinose (Ara4N) and phosphoethanolamine (PEtN) are highly conserved LPS modifications in Escherichia coli, different lineages exhibit variable PMB susceptibilities and frequencies of resistance for reasons that are poorly understood. Herein, we describe a mechanism prevalent in E. coli B strains that depends on specific insertion sequence 1 (IS1) elements that flank genes involved in the biosynthesis and transfer of Ara4N to LPS. Spontaneous and transient chromosomal amplifications mediated by IS1 raise the frequency of PMB resistance by 10- to 100-fold in comparison to strains where a single IS1 element located 90 kb away from the end of the arn operon has been deleted. Amplification involving IS1 becomes the dominant resistance mechanism in the absence of PEtN modification. Isolates with amplified arn operons gradually lose their PMB-resistant phenotype with passaging, consistent with classical PMB heteroresistance behavior. Analysis of the whole genome transcriptome profile showed altered expression of genes residing both within and outside of the duplicated chromosomal segment, suggesting complex phenotypes including PMB resistance can result from tandem amplification events.IMPORTANCEPhenotypic variation in susceptibility and the emergence of resistant subpopulations are major challenges to the clinical use of polymyxins. While a large database of genes and alleles that can confer polymyxin resistance has been compiled, this report demonstrates that the chromosomal insertion sequence (IS) content and distribution warrant consideration as well. Amplification of large chromosomal segments containing the arn operon by IS1 increases the Ara4N content of the lipopolysaccharide layer in Escherichia coli B lineages using a mechanism that is orthogonal to transcriptional upregulation through two-component regulatory systems. Altogether, our work highlights the importance of IS elements in modulating gene expression and generating diverse subpopulations that can contribute to phenotypic polymyxin B heteroresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maybin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aditi M. Ranade
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ursula Schombel
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Uwe Mamat
- Division of Cellular Microbiology, Priority Research Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS, Borstel, Germany
| | - Timothy C. Meredith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Michalski J, Cłapa T, Narożna D, Syguda A, van Oostrum P, Reimhult E. Morpholinium-based Ionic Liquids as Potent Antibiofilm and Sensitizing Agents for the Control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168627. [PMID: 38795768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Rising antimicrobial resistance is a critical threat to worldwide public health. To address the increasing antibiotic tolerance, diverse antimicrobial agents are examined for their ability to decrease bacterial resistance. One of the most relevant and persistent human pathogens is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our study investigates the anti-biofilm and sensitizing activity of 12 morpholinium-based ionic liquids with herbicidal anions on four clinically relevant P. aeruginosa strains. Among all tested compounds, four ionic liquids prevented biofilm formation at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations for all investigated strains. For the first time, we established a hormetic effect on biofilm formation for P. aeruginosa strains subjected to an ionic liquid treatment. Interestingly, while ionic liquids with 4,4-didecylmorpholinium [Dec2Mor]+ are more efficient against planktonic bacteria, 4-decyl-4-ethylmorpholinium [DecEtMor]+ showed more potent inhibition of biofilm formation. Ionic liquids with 4,4-didecylmorpholinium ([Dec2Mor]+) cations even induced biofilm formation by strain 39016 at high concentrations due to flocculation. Morpholinium-based ionic liquids were also shown to enhance the efficacy of commonly used antibiotics from different chemical groups. We demonstrate that this synergy is associated with the mode of action of the antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Michalski
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cłapa
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Dorota Narożna
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Syguda
- Poznan University of Technology, Department of Chemical Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Peter van Oostrum
- BOKU University, Department of Bionanosciences, Institute of Colloid and Biointerface Science, Muthgasse 11-II, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erik Reimhult
- BOKU University, Department of Bionanosciences, Institute of Colloid and Biointerface Science, Muthgasse 11-II, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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8
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El-Sherbiny GM, Kalaba MH, Foda AM, M E S, Youssef ASED, A Elsehemy I, Farghal EE, El-Fakharany EM. Nanoemulsion of cinnamon oil to combat colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and cancer cells. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106705. [PMID: 38761892 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential of cinnamon oil nanoemulsion (CONE) as an antibacterial agent against clinical strains of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and its anticancer activity. The prepared and characterized CONE was found to have a spherical shape with an average size of 70.6 ± 28.3 nm under TEM and a PDI value of 0.076 and zeta potential value of 6.9 mV using DLS analysis. The antibacterial activity of CONE against Klebsiella pneumoniae strains was investigated, and it was found to have higher inhibitory activity (18.3 ± 1.2-30.3 ± 0.8 mm) against the tested bacteria compared to bulk cinnamon oil (14.6 ± 0.88-20.6 ± 1.2) with MIC values ranging from 0.077 to 0.31 % v/v which equivalent to 0.2-0.82 ng/ml of CONE. CONE inhibited the growth of bacteria in a dose and time-dependent manner based on the time-kill assay in which Klebsiella pneumoniae B-9 was used as a model among the bacterial strains under investigation. The study also investigated the expression of the mcr-1 gene in the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and found that all strains were positive for the gene expression and subsequently its presence. The level of mcr-1 gene expression among the B-2, B-4, B-9, and B-11 control strains and that treated with colistin was similar, but it was different in both B-5 and B-2. However, all strains exhibited a significant downregulation in gene expression (ranging from 3.97 to 8.7-fold) after their treatment with CONE. Additionally, the CONE-treated bacterial cells appeared with a great deformation compared with control cells under TEM. Finally, CONE exhibited selective toxicity against different cancer cell lines depending on comparison with the normal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal M El-Sherbiny
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H Kalaba
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Abdullah M Foda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Shehata M E
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amira Salah El-Din Youssef
- Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Islam A Elsehemy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman E Farghal
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Application, Egypt; Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center (PFIDC), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (STTA-City), New Borg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
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9
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Diani E, Bianco G, Gatti M, Gibellini D, Gaibani P. Colistin: Lights and Shadows of an Older Antibiotic. Molecules 2024; 29:2969. [PMID: 38998921 PMCID: PMC11243602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29132969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance represents a serious threat to public health and for infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms, representing one of the most important causes of death worldwide. The renewal of old antimicrobials, such as colistin, has been proposed as a valuable therapeutic alternative to the emergence of the MDR microorganisms. Although colistin is well known to present several adverse toxic effects, its usage in clinical practice has been reconsidered due to its broad spectrum of activity against Gram-negative (GN) bacteria and its important role of "last resort" agent against MDR-GN. Despite the revolutionary perspective of treatment with this old antimicrobial molecule, many questions remain open regarding the emergence of novel phenotypic traits of resistance and the optimal usage of the colistin in clinical practice. In last years, several forward steps have been made in the understanding of the resistance determinants, clinical usage, and pharmacological dosage of this molecule; however, different points regarding the role of colistin in clinical practice and the optimal pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets are not yet well defined. In this review, we summarize the mode of action, the emerging resistance determinants, and its optimal administration in the treatment of infections that are difficult to treat due to MDR Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Diani
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bianco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Milo Gatti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Gaibani
- Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
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10
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Gerhardtova I, Cizmarova I, Jankech T, Olesova D, Jampilek J, Parrak V, Nemergutova K, Sopko L, Piestansky J, Kovac A. Implementation of Modern Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Lipidomics Approaches in Clinical Practice: A Case Study with Colistin Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:753. [PMID: 38931420 PMCID: PMC11206893 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, lipidomics plays a crucial role in the investigation of novel biomarkers of various diseases. Its implementation into the field of clinical analysis led to the identification of specific lipids and/or significant changes in their plasma levels in patients suffering from cancer, Alzheimer's disease, sepsis, and many other diseases and pathological conditions. Profiling of lipids and determination of their plasma concentrations could also be helpful in the case of drug therapy management, especially in combination with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Here, for the first time, a combined approach based on the TDM of colistin, a last-resort antibiotic, and lipidomic profiling is presented in a case study of a critically ill male patient suffering from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia. Implementation of innovative analytical approaches for TDM (online combination of capillary electrophoresis with tandem mass spectrometry, CZE-MS/MS) and lipidomics (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS) was demonstrated. The CZE-MS/MS strategy confirmed the chosen colistin drug dosing regimen, leading to stable colistin concentrations in plasma samples. The determined colistin concentrations in plasma samples reached the required minimal inhibitory concentration of 1 μg/mL. The complex lipidomics approach led to monitoring 545 lipids in collected patient plasma samples during and after the therapy. Some changes in specific individual lipids were in good agreement with previous lipidomics studies dealing with sepsis. The presented case study represents a good starting point for identifying particular individual lipids that could correlate with antimicrobial and inflammation therapeutic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Gerhardtova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.G.); (T.J.); (D.O.); (J.J.); (V.P.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Cizmarova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Timotej Jankech
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.G.); (T.J.); (D.O.); (J.J.); (V.P.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Olesova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.G.); (T.J.); (D.O.); (J.J.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.G.); (T.J.); (D.O.); (J.J.); (V.P.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vojtech Parrak
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.G.); (T.J.); (D.O.); (J.J.); (V.P.)
- Clinic of Hematology and Transfusiology, St. Cyril and Methodius Hospital, Antolska 11, 851 07 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Kristina Nemergutova
- Clinic of Hematology and Transfusiology, St. Cyril and Methodius Hospital, Antolska 11, 851 07 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Ladislav Sopko
- Clinic of Hematology and Transfusiology, St. Cyril and Methodius Hospital, Antolska 11, 851 07 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Juraj Piestansky
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.G.); (T.J.); (D.O.); (J.J.); (V.P.)
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.G.); (T.J.); (D.O.); (J.J.); (V.P.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenského 68/73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia
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11
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Sarker S, Neeloy RM, Habib MB, Urmi UL, Al Asad M, Mosaddek ASM, Khan MRK, Nahar S, Godman B, Islam S. Mobile Colistin-Resistant Genes mcr-1, mcr-2, and mcr-3 Identified in Diarrheal Pathogens among Infants, Children, and Adults in Bangladesh: Implications for the Future. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:534. [PMID: 38927200 PMCID: PMC11200974 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colistin is a last-resort antimicrobial for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Phenotypic colistin resistance is highly associated with plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. mcr-bearing Enterobacteriaceae have been detected in many countries, with the emergence of colistin-resistant pathogens a global concern. This study assessed the distribution of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 genes with phenotypic colistin resistance in isolates from diarrheal infants and children in Bangladesh. Bacteria were identified using the API-20E biochemical panel and 16s rDNA gene sequencing. Polymerase chain reactions detected mcr gene variants in the isolates. Their susceptibilities to colistin were determined by agar dilution and E-test by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) measurements. Over 31.6% (71/225) of isolates showed colistin resistance according to agar dilution assessment (MIC > 2 μg/mL). Overall, 15.5% of isolates carried mcr genes (7, mcr-1; 17, mcr-2; 13, and mcr-3, with co-occurrence occurring in two isolates). Clinical breakout MIC values (≥4 μg/mL) were associated with 91.3% of mcr-positive isolates. The mcr-positive pathogens included twenty Escherichia spp., five Shigella flexneri, five Citrobacter spp., two Klebsiella pneumoniae, and three Pseudomonas parafulva. The mcr-genes appeared to be significantly associated with phenotypic colistin resistance phenomena (p = 0.000), with 100% colistin-resistant isolates showing MDR phenomena. The age and sex of patients showed no significant association with detected mcr variants. Overall, mcr-associated colistin-resistant bacteria have emerged in Bangladesh, which warrants further research to determine their spread and instigate activities to reduce resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiuzzaman Sarker
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (S.S.); (R.M.N.); (M.B.H.); (U.L.U.); (M.A.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Reeashat Muhit Neeloy
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (S.S.); (R.M.N.); (M.B.H.); (U.L.U.); (M.A.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Marnusa Binte Habib
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (S.S.); (R.M.N.); (M.B.H.); (U.L.U.); (M.A.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Umme Laila Urmi
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (S.S.); (R.M.N.); (M.B.H.); (U.L.U.); (M.A.A.); (S.N.)
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mamun Al Asad
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (S.S.); (R.M.N.); (M.B.H.); (U.L.U.); (M.A.A.); (S.N.)
| | | | | | - Shamsun Nahar
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (S.S.); (R.M.N.); (M.B.H.); (U.L.U.); (M.A.A.); (S.N.)
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa
| | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh; (S.S.); (R.M.N.); (M.B.H.); (U.L.U.); (M.A.A.); (S.N.)
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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12
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Wu J, Liu L, Wang J, Wang Y, Li X, Wang X, Jiang S, Li W, Zhang J, Zhang X. Transcriptomic analysis of induced resistance to polymyxin in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex isolate carrying mcr-9. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 37:225-232. [PMID: 38750896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymyxins are currently the last-resort treatment against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, but plasmid-mediated mobile polymyxin resistance genes (mcr) threaten its efficacy, especially in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex (CRECC). The objective of this study was to provide insights into the mechanism of polymyxin-induced bacterial resistance and the effect of overexpression of mcr-9. METHODS The clinical strain CRECC414 carrying the mcr-9 gene was treated with a gradient concentration of polymyxin. Subsequently, the broth microdilution was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and RT-qPCR was utilized to assess mcr-9 expression. Transcriptome sequencing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) was utilized to identify alterations in strains resulting from increased polymyxin resistance, and significant transcriptomic differences were analysed alongside a comprehensive examination of metabolic networks at the genomic level. RESULTS Polymyxin treatment induced the upregulation of mcr-9 expression and significantly elevated the MIC of the strain. Furthermore, the WGS and transcriptomic results revealed a remarkable up-regulation of arnBCADTEF gene cassette, indicating that the Arn/PhoPQ system-mediated L-Ara4N modification is the preferred mechanism for achieving high levels of resistance. Additionally, significant alterations in bacterial gene expression were observed with regards to multidrug efflux pumps, oxidative stress and repair mechanisms, cell membrane biosynthesis, as well as carbohydrate metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION Polymyxin greatly disrupts the transcription of vital cellular pathways. A complete PhoPQ two-component system is a prerequisite for polymyxin resistance of Enterobacter cloacae, even though mcr-9 is highly expressed. These findings provide novel and important information for further investigation of polymyxin resistance of CRECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longjin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Xinhui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Wengang Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Singh G, Rana A, Smriti. Decoding antimicrobial resistance: unraveling molecular mechanisms and targeted strategies. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:280. [PMID: 38805035 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating innovative approaches for combatting it. This review explores various mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance observed in various strains of bacteria. We examine various strategies, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), novel antimicrobial materials, drug delivery systems, vaccines, antibody therapies, and non-traditional antibiotic treatments. Through a comprehensive literature review, the efficacy and challenges of these strategies are evaluated. Findings reveal the potential of AMPs in combating resistance due to their unique mechanisms and lower propensity for resistance development. Additionally, novel drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, show promise in enhancing antibiotic efficacy and overcoming resistance mechanisms. Vaccines and antibody therapies offer preventive measures, although challenges exist in their development. Non-traditional antibiotic treatments, including CRISPR-Cas systems, present alternative approaches to combat resistance. Overall, this review underscores the importance of multifaceted strategies and coordinated global efforts to address antimicrobial resistance effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Anita Rana
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Smriti
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Punjab, 140413, India
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14
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Al-Otaibi NM, Alsulaiman B, Alreshoodi FM, Mukhtar LE, Alajel SM, Binsaeedan NM, Alshabrmi FM. Screening for Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacteria and the Presence of Heavy Metals in the Upstream and Downstream Areas of the Wadi Hanifah Valley in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:426. [PMID: 38786154 PMCID: PMC11117234 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Valley surface water is considered a focal public health concern owing to the presence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. The distribution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria in the surface water is affected by the presence of multiple factors, including antibiotics coming from wastewater discharge or other contaminant sources such as pharmaceuticals, biocides, and heavy metals. Furthermore, there is evidence suggesting that high levels of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be transferred within bacterial communities under the influence of heavy metal stress. Hence, the primary aim of this study is to investigate the presence of heavy metals and bacterial ARGs in upstream as well as downstream locations of Wadi Hanifah Valley in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Sample collection was conducted at eighteen surface water sites within the valley in total. The selection of ARGs was associated with the most common antibiotics, including β-lactam, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, sulphonamide, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, trimethoprim, and colistin antibiotics, which were detected qualitatively using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. The tested antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) included (blaNDM-1 (for the antibiotic class Beta-lactamases), mecA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), tet(M) and tet(B) (for the antibiotic class Tetracycline), ampC (for the antibiotic class Beta-lactamases), vanA (for the antibiotic class vancomycin), mcr-1 (for the antibiotic class colistin), erm(B) (for the antibiotic class erythromycin), aac6'-Ie-aph2-Ia (for the antibiotic class Gentamicin), sulII (for the antibiotic class sulphonamide), catII (for the antibiotic class Chlorophincol), and dfrA1 (for the antibiotic class trimethoprim). Moreover, an assessment of the levels of heavy metals such as lithium (Li), beryllium (Be), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) was conducted by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). According to our findings, the concentrations of sulphonamide, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol ARGs (erm(B), sulII, and catII) were observed to be the most elevated. Conversely, two ARGs, namely mecA and mcr-1, were not detected in the samples. Moreover, our data illustrated a significant rise in ARGs in the bacteria of water samples from the upstream sites as compared with the water samples from the downstream sites of Wadi Hanifah Valley. The mean concentration of Li, Be, Cr, Co, As, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Pb in the water samples was estimated to be 37.25 µg/L, 0.02 µg/L, 0.56 µg/L,0.32 µg/L, 0.93 µg/L, 0.01 µg/L, 200.4 µg/L, 0.027 µg/L, and 0.26 µg/L, respectively, for the selected 18 sites. Furthermore, it was revealed that the concentrations of the screened heavy metals in the water samples collected from various sites did not surpass the maximum limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO). In conclusion, this study offers a concise overview of the presence of heavy metals and ARGs in water samples obtained from the Wadi Hanifah Valley in Riyadh, KSA. Such findings will contribute to the ongoing monitoring and future risk assessment of ARGs spread in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah M. Al-Otaibi
- Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (B.A.); (S.M.A.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Bassam Alsulaiman
- Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (B.A.); (S.M.A.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Fahad M. Alreshoodi
- Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (B.A.); (S.M.A.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Lenah E. Mukhtar
- Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (B.A.); (S.M.A.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Sulaiman M. Alajel
- Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (B.A.); (S.M.A.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Norah M. Binsaeedan
- Executive Department of Reference Laboratories, Research and Laboratories, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA), Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (B.A.); (S.M.A.); (N.M.B.)
| | - Fahad M. Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Papazachariou A, Tziolos RN, Karakonstantis S, Ioannou P, Samonis G, Kofteridis DP. Treatment Strategies of Colistin Resistance Acinetobacter baumannii Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:423. [PMID: 38786151 PMCID: PMC11117269 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a pressing challenge in clinical practice, mainly due to the development of resistance to multiple antibiotics, including colistin, one of the last-resort treatments. This review highlights all the possible mechanisms of colistin resistance and the genetic basis contributing to this resistance, such as modifications to lipopolysaccharide or lipid A structures, alterations in outer membrane permeability via porins and heteroresistance. In light of this escalating threat, the review also evaluates available treatment options. The development of new antibiotics (cefiderocol, sulbactam/durlobactam) although not available everywhere, and the use of various combinations and synergistic drug combinations (including two or more of the following: a polymyxin, ampicillin/sulbactam, carbapenems, fosfomycin, tigecycline/minocycline, a rifamycin, and aminoglycosides) are discussed in the context of overcoming colistin resistance of A. baumannii infections. Although most studied combinations are polymyxin-based combinations, non-polymyxin-based combinations have been emerging as promising options. However, clinical data remain limited and continued investigation is essential to determine optimal therapeutic strategies against colistin-resistant A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Papazachariou
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.P.); (R.-N.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Renatos-Nikolaos Tziolos
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.P.); (R.-N.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Stamatis Karakonstantis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.P.); (R.-N.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.P.); (R.-N.T.); (S.K.)
| | - George Samonis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.P.); (R.-N.T.); (S.K.)
- Metropolitan Hospital, Neon Faliron, 18547 Athens, Greece
| | - Diamantis P. Kofteridis
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.P.); (R.-N.T.); (S.K.)
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16
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Mondal AH, Khare K, Saxena P, Debnath P, Mukhopadhyay K, Yadav D. A Review on Colistin Resistance: An Antibiotic of Last Resort. Microorganisms 2024; 12:772. [PMID: 38674716 PMCID: PMC11051878 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant global public health issue, driven by the rapid adaptation of microorganisms to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Colistin, previously regarded as a last-resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, is increasingly becoming resistant due to chromosomal mutations and the acquisition of resistance genes carried by plasmids, particularly the mcr genes. The mobile colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) was first discovered in E. coli from China in 2016. Since that time, studies have reported different variants of mcr genes ranging from mcr-1 to mcr-10, mainly in Enterobacteriaceae from various parts of the world, which is a major concern for public health. The co-presence of colistin-resistant genes with other antibiotic resistance determinants further complicates treatment strategies and underscores the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms driving colistin resistance and monitoring its global prevalence are essential steps in addressing the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and preserving the efficacy of existing antibiotics. This review underscores the critical role of colistin as a last-choice antibiotic, elucidates the mechanisms of colistin resistance and the dissemination of resistant genes, explores the global prevalence of mcr genes, and evaluates the current detection methods for colistin-resistant bacteria. The objective is to shed light on these key aspects with strategies for combating the growing threat of resistance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Hossain Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India; (A.H.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Kriti Khare
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.K.); (P.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Prachika Saxena
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.K.); (P.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Parbati Debnath
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India; (A.H.M.); (P.D.)
| | - Kasturi Mukhopadhyay
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.K.); (P.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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17
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Mergulhão P, Pereira JG, Fernandes AV, Krystopchuk A, Ribeiro JM, Miranda D, Castro H, Eira C, Morais J, Lameirão C, Gomes S, Leal D, Duarte J, Pássaro L, Froes F, Martin-Loeches I. Epidemiology and Burden of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia among Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Portuguese, Multicenter, Retrospective Study (eVAP-PT Study). Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:290. [PMID: 38666966 PMCID: PMC11047600 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a prevailing nosocomial infection in critically ill patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (iMV). The impact of VAP is profound, adversely affecting patient outcomes and placing a significant burden on healthcare resources. This study assessed for the first time the contemporary VAP epidemiology in Portugal and its burden on the healthcare system and clinical outcomes. Additionally, resource consumption (duration of iMV, intensive care unit (ICU), hospital length of stay (LOS)) and empirical antimicrobial therapy were also evaluated. This multicenter, retrospective study included patients admitted to the hospital between July 2016 and December 2017 in a participating ICU, who underwent iMV for at least 48 h. Patients with a VAP diagnosis were segregated for further analysis (n = 197). Control patients, ventilated for >48 h but without a VAP diagnosis, were also included in a 1:1 ratio. Cumulative VAP incidence was computed. All-cause mortality was assessed at 28, 90, and 365 days after ICU admission. Cumulative VAP incidence was 9.2% (95% CI 8.0-10.5). The all-cause mortality rate in VAP patients was 24.9%, 34.0%, and 40.6%, respectively, and these values were similar to those observed in patients without VAP diagnosis. Further, patients with VAP had significantly longer ICU (27.5 vs. 11.0 days, p < 0.001) and hospital LOS (61 vs. 35.9 days, p < 0.001), more time under iMV (20.7 vs. 8.0 days, p < 0.001) and were more often subjected to tracheostomy (36.5 vs. 14.2%; p < 0.001). Patients with VAP who received inappropriate empirical antimicrobials had higher 28-day mortality, 34.3% vs. 19.5% (odds ratio 2.16, 95% CI 1.10-4.23), although the same was not independently associated with 1-year all-cause mortality (p = 0.107). This study described the VAP impact and burden on the Portuguese healthcare system, with approximately 9% of patients undergoing iMV for >48 h developing VAP, leading to increased resource consumption (longer ICU and hospital LOS). An unexpectedly high incidence of inappropriate, empirical antimicrobial therapy was also noted, being positively associated with a higher mortality risk of these patients. Knowledge of the Portuguese epidemiology characterization of VAP and its multidimensional impact is essential for efficient treatment and optimized long-term health outcomes of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Mergulhão
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Lusíadas Porto, 4050-115 Porto, Portugal;
| | - João Gonçalves Pereira
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Vila Franca de Xira, 2600-009 Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal;
| | | | - Andriy Krystopchuk
- Intensive Care Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, 8000-386 Faro, Portugal;
| | - João Miguel Ribeiro
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Daniel Miranda
- Intensive Care Unit, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia e Espinho, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal;
| | - Heloísa Castro
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Carla Eira
- Intensive Care Unit, Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu, 3504-509 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Juvenal Morais
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, 1449-005 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Cristina Lameirão
- Intensive Care Unit, Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Sara Gomes
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal;
| | - Dina Leal
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Joana Duarte
- Medical Affairs Department, MSD Portugal, 2770-192 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Leonor Pássaro
- Medical Affairs Department, MSD Portugal, 2770-192 Oeiras, Portugal; (J.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Filipe Froes
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Pulido Valente, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, 1769-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St James’ Hospital, D08NYH1 Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Lee H, Yu SH, Shim JE, Yong D. Use of a combined antibacterial synergy approach and the ANNOgesic tool to identify novel targets within the gene networks of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. mSystems 2024; 9:e0087723. [PMID: 38349171 PMCID: PMC10949472 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00877-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the 1980s, the development of new drug classes for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has become limited, highlighting the urgent need for novel antibiotics. To address this challenge, this study aimed to explore the synergistic interactions between chemical compounds and representative antibiotics, such as carbapenem and colistin. The primary objective of this study was not only to mitigate the adverse impact of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae on public health but also to establish a sustainable balance among humans, animals, and the environment. Phenotypical measurements were conducted using the broth microdilution technique to determine the drug sensitivity of bacterial strains. Additionally, a genotypical approach was employed, involving traditional RNA sequencing analysis to identify differentially expressed genes and the computational ANNOgesic tool to detect noncoding RNAs. This study revealed the existence of various pathways and regulatory RNA elements that form a functional network. These pathways, characterized by the expression of specific genes, contribute to the combined treatment effect and bacterial survival strategies. The connections between pathways are facilitated by regulatory RNA elements that respond to environmental changes. These findings suggest an adaptive response of bacteria to harsh environmental conditions.IMPORTANCENoncoding RNAs were identified as key players in post-transcriptional regulation. Moreover, this study predicted the presence of novel small regulatory RNAs that interact with target genes, as well as the involvement of riboswitches and RNA thermometers in conjunction with associated genes. These findings will contribute to the discovery of potential antimicrobial therapeutic candidates. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the synergistic effects of chemical compounds and antibiotics, highlighting the role of regulatory RNA elements in bacterial response, and survival strategies. The identification of novel noncoding RNAs and their interactions with target genes, riboswitches, and RNA thermometers holds promise for the development of antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsook Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Huan Yu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung Eun Shim
- Bioinformatics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongeun Yong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Research Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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19
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Cho J, Hong HW, Park K, Myung H, Yoon H. Unveiling the mechanism of bactericidal activity of a cecropin A-fused endolysin LNT113. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129493. [PMID: 38224804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Endolysins are lytic enzymes produced by bacteriophages at the end of their lytic cycle and degrade the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. Thus, they have been extensively explored as a promising antibacterial agent to replace or supplement current antibiotics. Gram-negative bacteria, however, are prone to resist exogenous endolysins owing to their protective outer membrane. We previously engineered endolysin EC340, encoded by the Escherichia coli phage PBEC131, by substituting its seven amino acids and fusing an antimicrobial peptide cecropin A at its N-terminus. The engineered endolysin LNT113 exerted superior activity to its intrinsic form. This study investigated how cecropin A fusion facilitated the bactericidal activity of LNT113 toward Gram-negative bacteria. Cecropin A of LNT113 markedly increased the interaction with lipopolysaccharides, while the E. coli defective in the core oligosaccharide was less susceptible to endolysins, implicating the interaction between the core oligosaccharide and endolysins. In fact, E. coli with compromised lipid A construction was more vulnerable to LNT113 treatment, suggesting that the integrity of the lipid A layer was important to resist the internalization of LNT113 across the outer membrane. Cecropin A fusion further accelerated the inner membrane destabilization, thereby enabling LNT113 to deconstruct it promptly. Owing to the increased membrane permeability, LNT113 could inactivate some Gram-positive bacteria as well. This study demonstrates that cecropin A fusion is a feasible method to improve the membrane permeability of endolysins in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongik Cho
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Kyungah Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Heejoon Myung
- LyseNTech Co., Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
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20
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Lobertti CA, Gizzi FO, Magni C, Rial A, Chabalgoity JA, Yim L, Blancato VS, Asquith CRM, García Véscovi E. Enhancing colistin efficacy against Salmonella infections with a quinazoline-based dual therapeutic strategy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5148. [PMID: 38429351 PMCID: PMC10907601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Colistin remains one of the last-resort therapies for combating infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales, despite its adverse nephro- and neuro-toxic effects. This study elucidates the mechanism of action of a non-antibiotic 4-anilinoquinazoline-based compound that synergistically enhances the effectiveness of colistin against Salmonella enterica. The quinazoline sensitizes Salmonella by deactivating intrinsic, mutational, and transferable resistance mechanisms that enable Salmonella to counteract the antibiotic impact colistin, together with an induced disruption to the electrochemical balance of the bacterial membrane. The attenuation of colistin resistance via the combined treatment approach also proves efficacious against E. coli, Klebsiella, and Acinetobacter strains. The dual therapy reduces the mortality of Galleria mellonella larvae undergoing a systemic Salmonella infection when compared to individual drug treatments. Overall, our findings unveil the potential of the quinazoline-colistin combined therapy as an innovative strategy against MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Lobertti
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Predio CCT-CONICET Rosario, S2000, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernán O Gizzi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Predio CCT-CONICET Rosario, S2000, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Christian Magni
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Predio CCT-CONICET Rosario, S2000, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Analía Rial
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de La República, Avda. Alfredo Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - José A Chabalgoity
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de La República, Avda. Alfredo Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Yim
- Departamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de La República, Avda. Alfredo Navarro 3051, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Víctor S Blancato
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Predio CCT-CONICET Rosario, S2000, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Christopher R M Asquith
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eleonora García Véscovi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Predio CCT-CONICET Rosario, S2000, Santa Fe, Rosario, Argentina.
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21
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Majdi C, Dessolin J, Bénimélis D, Dunyach-Rémy C, Pantel A, Meffre P, Benfodda Z. Synergistic effect of tryptamine-urea derivatives to overcome the chromosomally-mediated colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 100:117604. [PMID: 38290306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Colistin is considered as the last-resort antibiotics to treat multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections in humans. However, the clinical use of colistin was limited because of the apparition of chromosomal mutations and mobile colistin resistance genes in bacterial isolates. One promising strategy is to combine existing antibiotics with promising non-antibiotics to overcome the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Moreover, colistin resistance would be regulated by two component systems PhoP/PhoQ which leads to permanent synthesis of cationic groups compensating for Mg2+ deficiency. In this study, the synthesis of a small library of tryptamine urea derivatives was carried out. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility, antibiotic adjuvant screening and checkerboard assays were used to investigate the antibacterial activity of these synthesized compounds and the potential synergistic activity of their combination with colistin. Conformational analysis of the docked binding modes of the active compound in the predicted binding pocket of bacterial response regulator PhoP were carried out, to see if the active compound inhibits PhoP which is involved in colistin resistance. Finally, hemolytic activity studies have been conducted on the most active compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaimae Majdi
- UNIV. NIMES, UPR CHROME, University of Nimes, rue du Dr. G. Salan, 30021 Nîmes, cedex 1, France
| | - Jean Dessolin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, CBMN, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - David Bénimélis
- UNIV. NIMES, UPR CHROME, University of Nimes, rue du Dr. G. Salan, 30021 Nîmes, cedex 1, France
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Rémy
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, Université de Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Alix Pantel
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, Université de Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Patrick Meffre
- UNIV. NIMES, UPR CHROME, University of Nimes, rue du Dr. G. Salan, 30021 Nîmes, cedex 1, France
| | - Zohra Benfodda
- UNIV. NIMES, UPR CHROME, University of Nimes, rue du Dr. G. Salan, 30021 Nîmes, cedex 1, France.
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22
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Jørgensen J, Mood EH, Knap ASH, Nielsen SE, Nielsen PE, Żabicka D, Matias C, Domraceva I, Björkling F, Franzyk H. Polymyxins with Potent Antibacterial Activity against Colistin-Resistant Pathogens: Fine-Tuning Hydrophobicity with Unnatural Amino Acids. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1370-1383. [PMID: 38169430 PMCID: PMC10824244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In view of the increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among human pathogens, antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are in urgent demand. In particular, the rapidly emerging resistance to last-resort antibiotic colistin, used for severe Gram-negative MDR infections, is critical. Here, a series of polymyxins containing unnatural amino acids were explored, and some analogues exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hydrophobicity of the compounds within this series (as measured by retention in reversed-phase analytical HPLC) exhibited a discernible correlation with their antimicrobial activity. This trend was particularly pronounced for colistin-resistant pathogens. The most active compounds demonstrated competitive activity against a panel of Gram-negative pathogens, while exhibiting low in vitro cytotoxicity. Importantly, most of these hits also retained (or even had increased) potency against colistin-susceptible strains. These findings infer that fine-tuning hydrophobicity may enable the design of polymyxin analogues with favorable activity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan
Storm Jørgensen
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Elnaz Harifi Mood
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, The Panum Building, 3C Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Holst Knap
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Simone Eidnes Nielsen
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter E. Nielsen
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Cellular and Molecular
Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, The Panum Building, 3C Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Dorota Żabicka
- Department
of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, ul. Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carina Matias
- Department
of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens
Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Ilona Domraceva
- Latvian
Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Fredrik Björkling
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Center
for Peptide-Based Antibiotics, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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23
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Mandal S, Patra D, Mandal S, Das GK, Sahoo P. Insights into colistin-mediated fluorescence labelling of bacterial LPS. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2770-2777. [PMID: 38234867 PMCID: PMC10792355 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07107c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial infections are becoming untreatable due to their ability to mutate, and the gradual development of their resistance to the available antimicrobials. In recent times colistin, a drug of last resort, started losing its efficacy towards multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Colistin targets bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and destabilises the cytoplasmic membrane by disrupting the outer LPS membrane. In this study, we have tried to label the bacterial LPS, the main constituent of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacterial cells, to try to understand the interaction mechanism of LPS with colistin. The chemosensor, naphthaldehyde appended furfural (NAF) that selectively recognises colistin can label LPS, by showing its fluorescence signals. The computationally derived three-dimensional structure of LPS has been introduced to speculate on the possible binding mode of colistin with LPS, and this was also thoroughly studied with the help of quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics energy minimisation. Fluorescence microscopy and FE-SEM microscopic studies were also used to observe the change in the structural morphology of colistin-sensitive and resistant Salmonella typhi in different experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurodeep Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati Santiniketan 731235 West Bengal India
| | - Dipanwita Patra
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta Kolkata 700019 West Bengal India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta Kolkata 700019 West Bengal India
| | - Gourab Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati Santiniketan 731235 West Bengal India
| | - Prithidipa Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati Santiniketan 731235 West Bengal India
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Vaja MD, Chokshi HA, Jansari JJ, Dixit OS, Savaliya SS, Patel DP, Patel FS. Study of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in Shigella spp. in India. RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 19:182-196. [PMID: 38317464 DOI: 10.2174/0127724344268156231129095108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are essential in reducing illness and mortality brought on by infectious diseases in both humans and animals. However, the therapeutic effect of antibiotics has diminished due to an increase in antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR). This article provides a retrospective analysis of AMR in Shigella infections in India, showing a rise in resistance that has contributed to a global burden. Shigella spp. are widespread and the second-leading cause of diarrheal death in people of all ages. The frequency and mortality rates of Shigella infections are decreased by antibiotic treatment. However, the growth of broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance is making it more difficult to treat many illnesses. Reduced cell permeability, efflux pumps, and the presence of enzymes that break down antibiotics are the causes of resistance. AMR is a multifaceted and cross-sectoral problem that affects humans, animals, food, and the environment. As a result, there is a growing need for new therapeutic approaches, and ongoing surveillance of Shigella spp. infections which should definitely be improved for disease prevention and management. This review emphasizes on the epidemiological data of India, and antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulikkumar D Vaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
| | - Heenaben A Chokshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
| | - Janak J Jansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
| | - Om S Dixit
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
| | - Shubham S Savaliya
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
| | - Deepak P Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
| | - Fenil S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Near Hotel Anjali Inn, Dhanap, India
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Lim AL, Miller BW, Lin Z, Fisher MA, Barrows LR, Haygood MG, Schmidt EW. Resistance mechanisms for Gram-negative bacteria-specific lipopeptides, turnercyclamycins, differ from that of colistin. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0230623. [PMID: 37882570 PMCID: PMC10714751 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02306-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a crisis. Acinetobacter baumannii is among the CDC urgent threat pathogens in part for this reason. Lipopeptides known as turnercyclamycins are produced by symbiotic bacteria that normally live in marine mollusks, where they may be involved in shaping their symbiotic niche. Turnercyclamycins killed Gram-negative pathogens including drug-resistant Acinetobacter, but how do the mechanisms of resistance compare to other lipopeptide drugs? Here, we define resistance from a truncation of MlaA, a protein involved in regulating bacterial membrane phospholipids. Intriguingly, this resistance mechanism only affected one turnercyclamycin variant, which differed only in two atoms in the lipid tail of the compounds. We could not obtain significant resistance to the second turnercyclamycin variant, which was also effective in an infection model. This study reveals an unexpected subtlety in resistance to lipopeptide antibiotics, which may be useful in the design and development of antibiotics to combat drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albebson L. Lim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Bailey W. Miller
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Zhenjian Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mark A. Fisher
- Department of Pathology and ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Louis R. Barrows
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Margo G. Haygood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Eric W. Schmidt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Jayakumar D, Mini M, Kumar P, Vaikkathillam P, Mohan A, Khan S. Synergistic Effect of Thymol-Ciprofloxacin Combination on Planktonic Cells and Biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:23. [PMID: 38019310 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacteria causing severe and life-threatening infections in individuals with weakened immune systems. P. aeruginosa forms antibiotic-resistant biofilms, rendering it challenging to treat; hence, alternate therapies are required to eliminate it. Treatment of infections using a combination of drugs is gaining momentum to combat drug-resistant pathogens, including P. aeruginosa. This study explores the synergistic effects of Thymol in combination with Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin and Colistin against planktonic cells and biofilm of P. aeruginosa. Thymol in combination with Ciprofloxacin yields the fractional inhibitory concentration index values 0.156 and 0.375 in P. aeruginosa strains, GC14 and ATCC 9027, respectively, highlighting a robust synergistic effect on both the planktonic and biofilm of P. aeruginosa. The results showed that Thymol (512 μg/mL) and Ciprofloxacin (0.125 μg/mL) were the most effective combination with 95 and 93.5% total biofilm inhibition in GC14 and PA27, respectively, compared to the Thymol (512 μg/mL) and Ciprofloxacin (0.125 μg/mL) alone. Our findings suggest that the combinations of Thymol and Ciprofloxacin may be a potential therapeutic strategy to address the issue of infections caused by P. aeruginosa biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Jayakumar
- Department of Zoology, Govt College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Minsa Mini
- Department of Zoology, Govt College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Govt College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
| | - Parvathi Vaikkathillam
- Department of Zoology, Govt College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Aparna Mohan
- Department of Zoology, Govt College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sajeeb Khan
- Department of Zoology, Govt College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
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Son SM, Kim J, Ryu S. Development of sensitizer peptide-fused endolysin Lys1S-L9P acting against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1296796. [PMID: 38075915 PMCID: PMC10701683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1296796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria poses a major threat to public health, garnering attention to novel antibiotic replacements. Endolysin, a bacteriophage-derived cell wall-degrading enzyme, is a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics. However, it is challenging to control Gram-negative bacteria due to the presence of the outer membrane that shields the peptidoglycan layer from enzymatic degradation. To overcome this threshold, we constructed the fusion endolysin Lys1S-L9P by combining endolysin LysSPN1S with KL-L9P, a sensitizer peptide known to extend efficacy of antibiotics by perturbing the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, we established a new endolysin purification procedure that increases solubility allowing a 4-fold increase in production yield of Lys1S-L9P. The sensitizer peptide-fused endolysin Lys1S-L9P exhibited high bactericidal effects against many MDR Gram-negative pathogens and was more effective in eradicating biofilms compared to LysSPN1S. Moreover, Lys1S-L9P showed potential for clinical use, maintaining stability at various storage temperatures without cytotoxicity against human cells. In the in vivo Galleria mellonella model, Lys1S-L9P demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against MDR Gram-negative bacteria without inducing any toxic activity. This study suggest that Lys1S-L9P could be a potential biocontrol agent to combat MDR Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Son
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonbeom Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Biswas U, Das S, Barik M, Mallick A. Situation Report on mcr-Carrying Colistin-Resistant Clones of Enterobacterales: A Global Update Through Human-Animal-Environment Interfaces. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:12. [PMID: 37989899 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In the twenty-first century, antibiotic resistance (ABR) is one of the acute medical emergencies around the globe, overwhelming human-animal-environmental interfaces. Hit-or-mis use of antibiotics exacerbates the crisis of ABR, dispersing transferable resistance traits and challenging treatment regimens based on life-saving drugs such as colistin. Colistin is the highest priority critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, but its long use as a growth promoter in animal husbandry reduces clinical efficacy. Since 2015, the emergence and spread of mobile colistin resistance (mcr)-carrying colistin-resistant clones of Enterobacterales have been markedly sustained in both humans and animals, especially in developing countries. Hospital and community transmissions of mcr clones pose a high risk for infection prevention and outbreaks at the national and international levels. Several public health and limited one health studies have highlighted the genomic insights of mcr clones, clarifying the chromosomal sequence types (STs) and plasmid incompatibility (Inc) types. But this information is segregated into humans and animals, and rarely are environmental sectors complicating the understanding of possibly intercontinental and sectoral transmission of these clones. India is the hotspot for superbugs, including mcr-carrying colistin-resistant isolates that threaten cross-border transmission. The current review provided an up-to-date worldwide scenario of mcr-carrying STs and plasmid Inc types among the Gram-negative bacilli of Enterobacterales across human-animal-environmental interfaces and correlated with the available information from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmy Biswas
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Surojit Das
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India.
| | - Mili Barik
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
| | - Abhi Mallick
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721102, India
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Urbaniec J, Getino M, McEwan TBD, Sanderson-Smith ML, McFadden J, Hai F, La Ragione R, Hassan MM, Hingley-Wilson S. Anti-persister efficacy of colistin and meropenem against uropathogenic Escherichia coli is dependent on environmental conditions. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169. [PMID: 37990974 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic persistence is a phenomenon observed when genetically susceptible cells survive long-term exposure to antibiotics. These 'persisters' are an intrinsic component of bacterial populations and stem from phenotypic heterogeneity. Persistence to antibiotics is a concern for public health globally, as it increases treatment duration and can contribute to treatment failure. Furthermore, there is a growing array of evidence that persistence is a 'stepping-stone' for the development of genetic antimicrobial resistance. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major contributor to antibiotic consumption worldwide, and are known to be both persistent (i.e. affecting the host for a prolonged period) and recurring. Currently, in clinical settings, routine laboratory screening of pathogenic isolates does not determine the presence or the frequency of persister cells. Furthermore, the majority of research undertaken on antibiotic persistence has been done on lab-adapted bacterial strains. In the study presented here, we characterized antibiotic persisters in a panel of clinical uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates collected from hospitals in the UK and Australia. We found that a urine-pH mimicking environment not only induces higher levels of antibiotic persistence to meropenem and colistin than standard laboratory growth conditions, but also results in rapid development of transient colistin resistance, regardless of the genetic resistance profile of the isolate. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the presence of multiple virulence factors involved in stress resistance and biofilm formation in the genomes of these isolates, whose activities have been previously shown to contribute to the formation of persister cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Urbaniec
- Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Maria Getino
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tahnee B-D McEwan
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Martina L Sanderson-Smith
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Johnjoe McFadden
- Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Faisal Hai
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- Department of Microbial Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Marwa M Hassan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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30
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Xiao G, Li J, Sun Z. The Combination of Antibiotic and Non-Antibiotic Compounds Improves Antibiotic Efficacy against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15493. [PMID: 37895172 PMCID: PMC10607837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance, especially the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, urgently requires the development of effective treatment strategies. It is always of interest to delve into the mechanisms of resistance to current antibiotics and target them to promote the efficacy of existing antibiotics. In recent years, non-antibiotic compounds have played an important auxiliary role in improving the efficacy of antibiotics and promoting the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria. The combination of non-antibiotic compounds with antibiotics is considered a promising strategy against MDR bacteria. In this review, we first briefly summarize the main resistance mechanisms of current antibiotics. In addition, we propose several strategies to enhance antibiotic action based on resistance mechanisms. Then, the research progress of non-antibiotic compounds that can promote antibiotic-resistant bacteria through different mechanisms in recent years is also summarized. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of these non-antibiotic compounds in combination with antibiotics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiliang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (G.X.); (J.L.)
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31
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Shterzer N, Rothschild N, Sbehat Y, Dayan J, Eytan D, Uni Z, Mills E. Vertical transmission of gut bacteria in commercial chickens is limited. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:50. [PMID: 37817230 PMCID: PMC10566040 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of vertical transmission in chickens under commercial settings, where chicks are raised separately from adults, is unclear. To answer this question, the fecal microbiota of chicks hatched and grown separately was compared with their mothers' microbiota. Most amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) identified in hens were not detected at all in chicks up to two weeks of age by 16S rDNA sequencing, and those that were detected had a low incidence among the chicks. Nevertheless, a few ASVs that were common with the hens were highly prevalent among the chicks, implying that they were efficiently transmitted to chicks. These ASVs were culturable from the reproductive tract of hens and eggshells. Furthermore, interventions attempting to disrupt transmission resulted in a reduction in the prevalence of specific phylogenetic groups in chicks. To conclude, vertical transmission in commercial poultry grown separately from adults likely exists but is not efficient, possibly resulting in impairment of microbiota function. This implies that artificial exposure to adult bacterial strains might improve microbiota functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Shterzer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Rothschild
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yara Sbehat
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jonathan Dayan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dor Eytan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zehava Uni
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Erez Mills
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
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32
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Mourenza A, Ganesan R, Camarero JA. Resistance is futile: targeting multidrug-resistant bacteria with de novo Cys-rich cyclic polypeptides. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:722-735. [PMID: 37799576 PMCID: PMC10549238 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for novel antimicrobial agents to combat microbial pathogens is intensifying in response to rapid drug resistance development to current antibiotic therapeutics. The use of disulfide-rich head-to-tail cyclized polypeptides as molecular frameworks for designing a new type of peptide antibiotics is gaining increasing attention among the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry. The use of macrocyclic peptides, further constrained by the presence of several disulfide bonds, makes these peptide frameworks remarkably more stable to thermal, biological, and chemical degradation showing better activities when compared to their linear analogs. Many of these novel peptide scaffolds have been shown to have a high tolerance to sequence variability in those residues not involved in disulfide bonds, able to cross biological membranes, and efficiently target complex biomolecular interactions. Hence, these unique properties make the use of these scaffolds ideal for many biotechnological applications, including the design of novel peptide antibiotics. This article provides an overview of the new developments in the use of several disulfide-rich cyclic polypeptides, including cyclotides, θ-defensins, and sunflower trypsin inhibitor peptides, among others, in the development of novel antimicrobial peptides against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Mourenza
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy Los Angeles CA90033 USA +1-(323) 442-1417
| | - Rajasekaran Ganesan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy Los Angeles CA90033 USA +1-(323) 442-1417
| | - Julio A Camarero
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy Los Angeles CA90033 USA +1-(323) 442-1417
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA90033 USA
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Neves AR, Freitas-Silva J, Durães F, Silva ER, Rodrigues IC, Mergulhão F, Gomes M, Teixeira-Santos R, Bernardes André M, Silva R, Remião F, Pinto E, da Costa PM, Sousa E, Correia da Silva M. Insights into the antimicrobial properties of a cationic steroid and antibiofilm performance in PDMS-based coatings to potentially treat urinary infections. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8697-8716. [PMID: 37646077 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01185b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections are one of the most important threats, driving the search for new antimicrobial compounds. Cationic peptide antibiotics (CPAs) and ceragenins (CSAs) contain in their structures cationic groups and adopt a facially amphiphilic conformation, conferring the ability to permeate the membranes of bacteria and fungi. Keeping these features in mind, an amine steroid, DOCA-NH2, was found to be active against reference strains and MDR isolates of Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The compound was active against all the tested microorganisms, having bactericidal and fungicidal activity, displaying minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between 16 and 128 μg mL-1. No synergy with clinically relevant antibacterial drugs was found. However, the compound was able to completely inhibit the biofilm formation of bacteria exposed to the MIC of the compound. For E. coli and E. faecalis, inhibition of biofilm formation occurred at half the MIC. Besides, DOCA-NH2 inhibited the dimorphic transition of Candida albicans at concentrations 4 times lower than the MIC, and can reduce the microorganism virulence and biofilm formation was significantly reduced at both MIC and half the MIC. Polydimethylsiloxane-based coatings containing DOCA-NH2 (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt%) were prepared and tested against the E. coli biofilm formation under hydrodynamic conditions similar to those prevailing in ureteral stents. A biofilm reduction of approximately 80% was achieved when compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Neves
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Freitas-Silva
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Durães
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Elisabete R Silva
- BioISI - BioSystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- CERENA - Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês C Rodrigues
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Filipe Mergulhão
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Teixeira-Santos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Bernardes André
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Marta Correia da Silva
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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Gadar K, de Dios R, Kadeřábková N, Prescott TAK, Mavridou DAI, McCarthy RR. Disrupting iron homeostasis can potentiate colistin activity and overcome colistin resistance mechanisms in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Commun Biol 2023; 6:937. [PMID: 37704838 PMCID: PMC10499790 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative priority pathogen that can readily overcome antibiotic treatment through a range of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. Treatment of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii largely relies on the use of colistin in cases where other treatment options have been exhausted. However, the emergence of resistance against this last-line drug has significantly increased amongst clinical strains. In this study, we identify the phytochemical kaempferol as a potentiator of colistin activity. When administered singularly, kaempferol has no effect on growth but does impact biofilm formation. Nonetheless, co-administration of kaempferol with sub-inhibitory concentrations of colistin exposes bacteria to a metabolic Achilles heel, whereby kaempferol-induced dysregulation of iron homeostasis leads to bacterial killing. We demonstrate that this effect is due to the disruption of Fenton's reaction, and therefore to a lethal build-up of toxic reactive oxygen species in the cell. Furthermore, we show that this vulnerability can be exploited to overcome both intrinsic and acquired colistin resistance in clinical strains of A. baumannii and E. coli in vitro and in the Galleria mellonella model of infection. Overall, our findings provide a proof-of-principle demonstration that targeting iron homeostasis is a promising strategy for enhancing the efficacy of colistin and overcoming colistin-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Gadar
- Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Rubén de Dios
- Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Nikol Kadeřábková
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Despoina A I Mavridou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- John Ring LaMontagne Centre for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ronan R McCarthy
- Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
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35
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Ade J, Riehm JM, Stadler J, Klose C, Zablotski Y, Ritzmann M, Kümmerlen D. Antimicrobial Susceptibility from a One Health Perspective Regarding Porcine Escherichia coli from Bavaria, Germany. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1424. [PMID: 37760720 PMCID: PMC10525436 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most crucial One Health topics worldwide. Consequently, various national and international surveillance programs collect data and report trends regularly. Ceftiofur, colistin and enrofloxacin belong to the most important and critical class of anti-infective medications in both human and veterinary medicine. In the present study, antimicrobial resistance was analyzed using the epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) value on 6569 Escherichia coli isolated from pigs in Bavaria, Germany, during five years, from 2016 to 2020. The statistically relevant results regarding antimicrobial resistance revealed a decrease for colistin, an increase for enrofloxacin, and a constant level for ceftiofur. In Germany, the usage of all three antimicrobial substances in livestock has fallen by 43.6% for polypeptides, 59.0% for fluoroquinolones and 57.8% for the 3rd + 4th generation cephalosporines during this time. Despite the decline in antimicrobial usage, a reduction regarding antimicrobial resistance was solely observed for colistin. This finding illustrates that in addition to the restriction of pharmaceutical consumption, further measures should be considered. Improved biosecurity concepts, a reduction in crowding, and controlled animal movements on farms may play a key role in finally containing the resistance mechanisms of bacteria in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ade
- Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (J.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Julia M. Riehm
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany (C.K.)
| | - Julia Stadler
- Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (J.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Corinna Klose
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinaerstrasse 2, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany (C.K.)
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Mathias Ritzmann
- Clinic for Swine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Sonnenstrasse 16, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (J.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Dolf Kümmerlen
- Division of Swine Medicine, Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Li H, Sun L, Qiao H, Sun Z, Wang P, Xie C, Hu X, Nie T, Yang X, Li G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li Z, Jiang J, Li C, You X. Polymyxin resistance caused by large-scale genomic inversion due to IS 26 intramolecular translocation in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3678-3693. [PMID: 37719365 PMCID: PMC10501869 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin B and polymyxin E (colistin) are presently considered the last line of defense against human infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms such as carbapenemase-producer Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Yet resistance to this last-line drugs is a major public health threat and is rapidly increasing. Polymyxin S2 (S2) is a polymyxin B analogue previously synthesized in our institute with obviously high antibacterial activity and lower toxicity than polymyxin B and colistin. To predict the possible resistant mechanism of S2 for wide clinical application, we experimentally induced bacterial resistant mutants and studied the preliminary resistance mechanisms. Mut-S, a resistant mutant of K. pneumoniae ATCC BAA-2146 (Kpn2146) induced by S2, was analyzed by whole genome sequencing, transcriptomics, mass spectrometry and complementation experiment. Surprisingly, large-scale genomic inversion (LSGI) of approximately 1.1 Mbp in the chromosome caused by IS26 mediated intramolecular transposition was found in Mut-S, which led to mgrB truncation, lipid A modification and hence S2 resistance. The resistance can be complemented by plasmid carrying intact mgrB. The same mechanism was also found in polymyxin B and colistin induced drug-resistant mutants of Kpn2146 (Mut-B and Mut-E, respectively). This is the first report of polymyxin resistance caused by IS26 intramolecular transposition mediated mgrB truncation in chromosome in K. pneumoniae. The findings broaden our scope of knowledge for polymyxin resistance and enriched our understanding of how bacteria can manage to survive in the presence of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Han Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zongti Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Penghe Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chunyang Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xinxin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tongying Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Youwen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiukun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhuorong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Congran Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xuefu You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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37
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Zhao H, Zhong LL, Yang C, Tang N, He Y, He W, Zhao Z, Wu C, Yuan P, Yang YY, Tian GB, Ding X. Antibiotic-Polymer Self-Assembled Nanocomplex to Reverse Phenotypic Resistance of Bacteria toward Last-Resort Antibiotic Colistin. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15411-15423. [PMID: 37534992 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Colistin is the last-resort antibiotic to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial infections that are untreatable by other clinically available antibiotics. However, the recently merged plasmid-borne gene mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) leads to modification of the colistin target (i.e., bacterial membrane), greatly compromising the therapy outcome of colistin. To address this unmet clinical need, a nanocomplex (CMS-pEt_20 NP) of anionic prodrug colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) and guanidinium-functionalized cationic polymer pEt_20 is developed through facile self-assembly for co-delivering an antibiotic and antimicrobial polymer with membrane affinity to reverse colistin resistance. The CMS-pEt_20 NP formation enables reversal of colistin resistance and complete killing of clinically isolated mcr-positive colistin-resistant bacteria including MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae, while monotreatment of polymer or antibiotic at equivalent doses exhibits no antibacterial activity. Mechanistic studies reveal that the CMS-pEt_20 NP enhanced the affinity of delivered CMS to the modified membrane of colistin-resistant bacteria, reviving the membrane lytic property of colistin. The increased membrane permeability caused by colistin in turn promotes an influx of pEt_20 to generate intracellular ROS stress, resulting in elimination of colistin-resistant bacteria. More importantly, a colistin-resistant mouse peritonitis-sepsis infection model demonstrates the excellent therapeutic efficacy of CMS-pEt_20 NP with 100% survival of the infected mouse. In addition, the nanocomplex is proven not toxic both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the self-assembled antibiotic-polymer nanocomplex with two complementary antibacterial mechanisms successfully reverses the colistin resistance phenotype in bacteria, and it can be a potential strategy to treat untreatable colistin-resistant MDR bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zhong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Ning Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yanwei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wan He
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Changbu Wu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peiyan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros #06-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119288, Singapore
| | - Guo-Bao Tian
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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38
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Galindo-Méndez M, Navarrete-Salazar H, Pacheco-Vásquez R, Quintas-de la Paz D, Baltazar-Jiménez I, Santiago-Luna JD, Guadarrama-Monroy L. Detection of Plasmid-Mediated Resistance against Colistin in Multi-Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from a Tertiary Hospital. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1996. [PMID: 37630556 PMCID: PMC10458375 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes among colistin and multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli strains isolated from patients in a tertiary hospital in Toluca, Mexico. The presence of mcr genes among the 241 strains collected was assessed by PCR. In the case of mcr-carrying E. coli, further PCR tests were performed to determine the presence of blaCTX-M and whether the strains belonged to the O25b-ST131 clone. Conjugation experiments were also carried out to assess the horizontal transmission of colistin resistance. A total of twelve strains (5.0%), of which four were E. coli; four were P. aeruginosa; three were K. pneumoniae, and one E. cloacae, were found to be resistant to colistin. Of these strains, two E. coli isolates were found to carry mcr-1, and Southern blot hybridization demonstrated its presence on an approximately 60 kb plasmid. Both mcr-1-carrying E. coli strains were found to co-express blaCTX-M, belong to the O25b-ST131 clone, and horizontally transmit their colistin resistance. The results of this study confirm the presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in hospitalized patients in Mexico and demonstrated that the multi-drug-resistant O25b-ST131 E. coli clone can acquire mcr genes and transmit such resistance traits to other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Galindo-Méndez
- Laboratorios Galindo SC, Av Juárez 501-A, Col Centro, Oaxaca 68000, Oax, Mexico
- School of Medicine, Universidad Anáhuac Oaxaca, Blvd. Guadalupe Hinojosa de Murat 1100, San Raymundo Jalpam 71248, Oax, Mexico
| | - Humberto Navarrete-Salazar
- School of Medicine, Universidad Anáhuac Oaxaca, Blvd. Guadalupe Hinojosa de Murat 1100, San Raymundo Jalpam 71248, Oax, Mexico
| | - Reinaldo Pacheco-Vásquez
- Centro Médico ISSEMYM Toluca, Av. Baja Velocidad KM. 57.5, Carr. Mex./Tol. Col. San Jeronimo Chicahualco, Metepec 52170, Edomex, Mexico
| | - Devanhí Quintas-de la Paz
- School of Medicine, Universidad Anáhuac Oaxaca, Blvd. Guadalupe Hinojosa de Murat 1100, San Raymundo Jalpam 71248, Oax, Mexico
| | - Isabel Baltazar-Jiménez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Anáhuac Oaxaca, Blvd. Guadalupe Hinojosa de Murat 1100, San Raymundo Jalpam 71248, Oax, Mexico
| | - José David Santiago-Luna
- School of Medicine, Universidad Anáhuac Oaxaca, Blvd. Guadalupe Hinojosa de Murat 1100, San Raymundo Jalpam 71248, Oax, Mexico
| | - Laura Guadarrama-Monroy
- Centro Médico ISSEMYM Toluca, Av. Baja Velocidad KM. 57.5, Carr. Mex./Tol. Col. San Jeronimo Chicahualco, Metepec 52170, Edomex, Mexico
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39
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van der Lans SPA, Janet-Maitre M, Masson FM, Walker KA, Doorduijn DJ, Janssen AB, van Schaik W, Attrée I, Rooijakkers SHM, Bardoel BW. Colistin resistance mutations in phoQ can sensitize Klebsiella pneumoniae to IgM-mediated complement killing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12618. [PMID: 37537263 PMCID: PMC10400624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to multi-drug resistance, physicians increasingly use the last-resort antibiotic colistin to treat infections with the Gram-negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. Unfortunately, K. pneumoniae can also develop colistin resistance. Interestingly, colistin resistance has dual effects on bacterial clearance by the immune system. While it increases resistance to antimicrobial peptides, colistin resistance has been reported to sensitize certain bacteria for killing by human serum. Here we investigate the mechanisms underlying this increased serum sensitivity, focusing on human complement which kills Gram-negatives via membrane attack complex (MAC) pores. Using in vitro evolved colistin resistant strains and a fluorescent MAC-mediated permeabilization assay, we showed that two of the three tested colistin resistant strains, Kp209_CSTR and Kp257_CSTR, were sensitized to MAC. Transcriptomic and mechanistic analyses focusing on Kp209_CSTR revealed that a mutation in the phoQ gene locked PhoQ in an active state, making Kp209_CSTR colistin resistant and MAC sensitive. Detailed immunological assays showed that complement activation on Kp209_CSTR in human serum required specific IgM antibodies that bound Kp209_CSTR but did not recognize the wild-type strain. Together, our results show that developing colistin resistance affected recognition of Kp209_CSTR and its killing by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors P A van der Lans
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Janet-Maitre
- Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Group, UMR5075, Institute of Structural Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Frerich M Masson
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly A Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dennis J Doorduijn
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Axel B Janssen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Willem van Schaik
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ina Attrée
- Bacterial Pathogenesis and Cellular Responses Group, UMR5075, Institute of Structural Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Suzan H M Rooijakkers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart W Bardoel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Dubashynskaya NV, Bokatyi AN, Sall TS, Egorova TS, Nashchekina YA, Dubrovskii YA, Murashko EA, Vlasova EN, Demyanova EV, Skorik YA. Cyanocobalamin-Modified Colistin-Hyaluronan Conjugates: Synthesis and Bioactivity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11550. [PMID: 37511308 PMCID: PMC10380726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymeric drug delivery systems enhance the biopharmaceutical properties of antibiotics by increasing their bioavailability, providing programmable and controlled-release properties, and reducing toxicity. In addition, drug delivery systems are a promising strategy to improve the intestinal permeability of various antimicrobial agents, including colistin (CT). This study describes the modification of conjugates based on CT and hyaluronic acid (HA) with cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12). Vitamin B12 was chosen as a targeting ligand because it has its own absorption pathway in the small intestine. The resulting polysaccharide conjugates contained 95 μg/mg vitamin B12 and the CT content was 335 μg/mg; they consisted of particles of two sizes, 98 and 702 nm, with a ζ-potential of approximately -25 mV. An in vitro release test at pH 7.4 and pH 5.2 showed an ultra-slow release of colistin of approximately 1% after 10 h. The modified B12 conjugates retained their antimicrobial activity at the level of pure CT (minimum inhibitory concentration was 2 μg/mL). The resulting delivery systems also reduced the nephrotoxicity of CT by 30-40% (HEK 293 cell line). In addition, the modification of B12 improved the intestinal permeability of CT, and the apparent permeability coefficient of HA-CT-B12 conjugates was 3.5 × 10-6 cm/s, corresponding to an in vivo intestinal absorption of 50-100%. Thus, vitamin-B12-modified conjugates based on CT and HA may be promising oral delivery systems with improved biopharmaceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natallia V Dubashynskaya
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Anton N Bokatyi
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Sall
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov St. 12, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Egorova
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Pudozhsakya 7, St. Petersburg 197110, Russia
| | - Yuliya A Nashchekina
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Yaroslav A Dubrovskii
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova 2, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Murashko
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Akkuratova 2, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Elena N Vlasova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - Elena V Demyanova
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Pudozhsakya 7, St. Petersburg 197110, Russia
| | - Yury A Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
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41
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Espinoza LL, Huamán DC, Cueva CR, Gonzales CD, León YI, Espejo TS, Monge GM, Alcántara RR, Hernández LM. Genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains carrying the mcr-1 gene recovered from pigs in Lima-Peru. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 99:102019. [PMID: 37473695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a current problem that significantly impacts overall health. The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to urban areas primarily occurs through ARG-carrying bacteria present in the gut microbiota of animals raised in intensive farming settings, such as pig production. Hence, this study aimed to isolate and analyzed 87 Escherichia coli strains from pig fecal samples obtained from intensive farms in Lima Department. The isolates were subjected to Kirby-Bauer-Disk Diffusion Test and PCR for mcr-1 gene identification. Disk-diffusion assay revealed a high level of resistance among these isolates to oxytetracycline, ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline. PCR analysis identified the mcr-1 gene in 8% (7/87) E. coli isolates. Further, whole genome sequencing was conducted on 17 isolates, including multidrug resistance (MDR) E. coli and/or mcr-1 gene carriers. This analysis unveiled a diverse array of ARGs. Alongside the mcr-1 gene, the blaCTX-M55 gene was particularly noteworthy as it confers resistance to third generation cephalosporins, including ceftriaxone. MDR E. coli genomes exhibited other ARGs encoding resistance to fosfomycin (fosA3), quinolones (qnrB19, qnrS1, qnrE1), tetracyclines (tetA, tetB, tetD, tetM), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2, sul3), amphenicols (cmlA1, floR), lincosamides (inuE), as well as various aminoglycoside resistance genes. Additionally, Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) revealed a high diversity of E. coli strains, including ST10, a pandemic clone. This information provides evidence of the dissemination of highly significant ARGs in public health. Therefore, it is imperative to implement measures aimed at mitigating and preventing the transmission of MDR bacteria carrying ARGs to urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Luna Espinoza
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation [SANIGEN], Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Dennis Carhuaricra Huamán
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation [SANIGEN], Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru; Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Bioinformática, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1010, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carmen Rodríguez Cueva
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation [SANIGEN], Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Carla Durán Gonzales
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation [SANIGEN], Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Yennifer Ignación León
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation [SANIGEN], Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Thalía Silvestre Espejo
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation [SANIGEN], Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Geraldine Marcelo Monge
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation [SANIGEN], Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Raúl Rosadio Alcántara
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation [SANIGEN], Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Lenin Maturrano Hernández
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation [SANIGEN], Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru.
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Balzano T, Llansola M, Arenas YM, Izquierdo-Altarejos P, Felipo V. Hepatic encephalopathy: investigational drugs in preclinical and early phase development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:1055-1069. [PMID: 37902074 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2277386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome, in patients with liver disease, which affects life quality and span. Current treatments are lactulose or rifaximin, acting on gut microbiota. Treatments aiming ammonia levels reduction have been tested with little success. AREAS COVERED Pre-clinical research shows that the process inducing HE involves sequentially: liver failure, altered microbiome, hyperammonemia, peripheral inflammation, changes in immunophenotype and extracellular vesicles and neuroinflammation, which alters neurotransmission impairing cognitive and motor function. HE may be reversed using drugs acting at any step: modulating microbiota with probiotics or fecal transplantation; reducing peripheral inflammation with anti-TNFα, autotaxin inhibitors or silymarin; reducing neuroinflammation with sulforaphane, p38 MAP kinase or phosphodiesteras 5 inhibitors, antagonists of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2, enhancing meningeal lymphatic drainage or with extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells; reducing GABAergic neurotransmission with indomethacin or golexanolone. EXPERT OPINION A factor limiting the progress of HE treatment is the lack of translation of research advances into clinical trials. Only drugs acting on microbiota or ammonia reduction have been tested in patients. It is urgent to change the mentality on how to approach HE treatment to develop clinical trials to assess drugs acting on the immune system/peripheral inflammation, neuroinflammation or neurotransmission to improve HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Balzano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Llansola
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yaiza M Arenas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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Anyanwu MU, Jaja IF, Okpala COR, Njoga EO, Okafor NA, Oguttu JW. Mobile Colistin Resistance ( mcr) Gene-Containing Organisms in Poultry Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and One Health Control Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1117. [PMID: 37508213 PMCID: PMC10376608 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) are plasmid-encoded genes that threaten the clinical utility of colistin (COL), one of the highest-priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals. For more than six decades, COL has been used largely unregulated in the poultry sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and this has led to the development/spread of mcr gene-containing bacteria (MGCB). The prevalence rates of mcr-positive organisms from the poultry sector in LMICs between January 1970 and May 2023 range between 0.51% and 58.8%. Through horizontal gene transfer, conjugative plasmids possessing insertion sequences (ISs) (especially ISApl1), transposons (predominantly Tn6330), and integrons have enhanced the spread of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10 in the poultry sector in LMICs. These genes are harboured by Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Cronobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Shigella, Providencia, Aeromonas, Raoultella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter species, belonging to diverse clones. The mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-10 genes have also been integrated into the chromosomes of these bacteria and are mobilizable by ISs and integrative conjugative elements. These bacteria often coexpress mcr with virulence genes and other genes conferring resistance to HP-CIAs, such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, fosfomycin, fluoroquinolone, and tigecycline. The transmission routes and dynamics of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs within the One Health triad include contact with poultry birds, feed/drinking water, manure, poultry farmers and their farm workwear, farming equipment, the consumption and sale of contaminated poultry meat/egg and associated products, etc. The use of pre/probiotics and other non-antimicrobial alternatives in the raising of birds, the judicious use of non-critically important antibiotics for therapy, the banning of nontherapeutic COL use, improved vaccination, biosecurity, hand hygiene and sanitization, the development of rapid diagnostic test kits, and the intensified surveillance of mcr genes, among others, could effectively control the spread of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R Okpala
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
- UGA Cooperative Extension, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emmanuel Okechukwu Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 400001, Nigeria
| | | | - James Wabwire Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
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Kadeřábková N, Mahmood AJS, Furniss RCD, Mavridou DAI. Making a chink in their armor: Current and next-generation antimicrobial strategies against the bacterial cell envelope. Adv Microb Physiol 2023; 83:221-307. [PMID: 37507160 PMCID: PMC10517717 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are uniquely equipped to defeat antibiotics. Their outermost layer, the cell envelope, is a natural permeability barrier that contains an array of resistance proteins capable of neutralizing most existing antimicrobials. As a result, its presence creates a major obstacle for the treatment of resistant infections and for the development of new antibiotics. Despite this seemingly impenetrable armor, in-depth understanding of the cell envelope, including structural, functional and systems biology insights, has promoted efforts to target it that can ultimately lead to the generation of new antibacterial therapies. In this article, we broadly overview the biology of the cell envelope and highlight attempts and successes in generating inhibitors that impair its function or biogenesis. We argue that the very structure that has hampered antibiotic discovery for decades has untapped potential for the design of novel next-generation therapeutics against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Kadeřábková
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Ayesha J S Mahmood
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - R Christopher D Furniss
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Despoina A I Mavridou
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; John Ring LaMontagne Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
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Ostrówka M, Duda-Madej A, Pietluch F, Mackiewicz P, Gagat P. Testing Antimicrobial Properties of Human Lactoferrin-Derived Fragments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10529. [PMID: 37445717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein, plays a significant role in the innate immune system, with antibacterial, antivirial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory functions reported. It is worth emphasizing that not only the whole protein but also its derived fragments possess antimicrobial peptide (AMP) activity. Using AmpGram, a top-performing AMP classifier, we generated three novel human lactoferrin (hLF) fragments: hLF 397-412, hLF 448-464 and hLF 668-683, predicted with high probability as AMPs. For comparative studies, we included hLF 1-11, previously confirmed to kill some bacteria. With the four peptides, we treated three Gram-negative and three Gram-positive bacterial strains. Our results indicate that none of the three new lactoferrin fragments have antimicrobial properties for the bacteria tested, but hLF 1-11 was lethal against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The addition of serine protease inhibitors with the hLF fragments did not enhance their activity, except for hLF 1-11 against P. aeruginosa, which MIC dropped from 128 to 64 µg/mL. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of EDTA with/without serine protease inhibitors and the hLF peptides on selected bacteria. We stress the importance of reporting non-AMP sequences for the development of next-generation AMP prediction models, which suffer from the lack of experimentally validated negative dataset for training and benchmarking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ostrówka
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Filip Pietluch
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Mackiewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Przemysław Gagat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
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Cahill N, Hooban B, Fitzhenry K, Joyce A, O'Connor L, Miliotis G, McDonagh F, Burke L, Chueiri A, Farrell ML, Bray JE, Delappe N, Brennan W, Prendergast D, Gutierrez M, Burgess C, Cormican M, Morris D. First reported detection of the mobile colistin resistance genes, mcr-8 and mcr-9, in the Irish environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162649. [PMID: 36906027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and dissemination of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes across the globe poses a significant threat to public health, as colistin remains one of the last line treatment options for multi-drug resistant infections. Environmental samples (157 water and 157 wastewater) were collected in Ireland between 2018 and 2020. Samples collected were assessed for the presence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria using Brilliance ESBL, Brilliance CRE, mSuperCARBA and McConkey agar containing a ciprofloxacin disc. All water and integrated constructed wetland influent and effluent samples were filtered and enriched in buffered peptone water prior to culture, while wastewater samples were cultured directly. Isolates collected were identified via MALDI-TOF, were tested for susceptibility to 16 antimicrobials, including colistin, and subsequently underwent whole genome sequencing. Overall, eight mcr positive Enterobacterales (one mcr-8 and seven mcr-9) were recovered from six samples (freshwater (n = 2), healthcare facility wastewater (n = 2), wastewater treatment plant influent (n = 1) and integrated constructed wetland influent (piggery farm waste) (n = 1)). While the mcr-8 positive K. pneumoniae displayed resistance to colistin, all seven mcr-9 harbouring Enterobacterales remained susceptible. All isolates demonstrated multi-drug resistance and through whole genome sequencing analysis, were found to harbour a wide variety of antimicrobial resistance genes i.e., 30 ± 4.1 (10-61), including the carbapenemases, blaOXA-48 (n = 2) and blaNDM-1 (n = 1), which were harboured by three of the isolates. The mcr genes were located on IncHI2, IncFIIK and IncI1-like plasmids. The findings of this study highlight potential sources and reservoirs of mcr genes in the environment and illustrate the need for further research to gain a better understanding of the role the environment plays in the persistence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Cahill
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Brigid Hooban
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kelly Fitzhenry
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife Joyce
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Louise O'Connor
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Georgios Miliotis
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Francesca McDonagh
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Burke
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alexandra Chueiri
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maeve Louise Farrell
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - James E Bray
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Delappe
- National Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Reference Laboratory, National Salmonella, Shigella and Listeria Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Wendy Brennan
- National Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Reference Laboratory, National Salmonella, Shigella and Listeria Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Prendergast
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Catherine Burgess
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Cormican
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; National Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Reference Laboratory, National Salmonella, Shigella and Listeria Reference Laboratory, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for One Health, Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Sitthisak S, Manrueang S, Khongfak S, Leungtongkam U, Thummeepak R, Thanwisai A, Burton N, Dhanoa GK, Tsapras P, Sagona AP. Antibacterial activity of vB_AbaM_PhT2 phage hydrophobic amino acid fusion endolysin, combined with colistin against Acinetobacter baumannii. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7470. [PMID: 37156803 PMCID: PMC10167329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33822-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phage lytic enzymes are promising antimicrobial agents. In this study, an endolysin derived from vB_AbaM_PhT2 (vPhT2), was identified. This endolysin represented the conserved lysozyme domain. Recombinant endolysin (lysAB- vT2) and hydrophobic fusion endolysin (lysAB-vT2-fusion) were expressed and purified. Both endolysins showed lytic activity against bacterial crude cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC of lysAB-vT2-fusion was 2 mg/ml corresponding to 100 µM, while the MIC of lysAB-vT2 was more than 10 mg/ml (400 µM). Combination of lysAB-vT2-fusion with colistin, polymyxin B or copper was synergistic against A. baumannii (FICI value as 0.25). Antibacterial activity of lysAB-vT2-fusion plus colistin at the fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) revealed that it can inhibit Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and various strains of extremely drug-resistant A. baumannii (XDRAB) and phage resistant A. baumannii. The lysAB- vT2-fusion still retained its antibacterial activity after incubating the enzyme at 4, 20, 40 and 60 °C for 30 min. The lysAB-vT2-fusion could inhibit the mature biofilm, and incubation of lysAB-vT2-fusion with T24 human cells infected with A. baumannii led to a partial reduction of LDH release from T24 cells. In summary, our study highlights the antimicrobial ability of engineered lysAB-vT2-fusion endolysin, which can be applied for the control of A. baumannii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutthirat Sitthisak
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Suphattra Manrueang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Supat Khongfak
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Udomluk Leungtongkam
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Rapee Thummeepak
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Aunchalee Thanwisai
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Nathan Burton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Gurneet K Dhanoa
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Antonia P Sagona
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Darby EM, Trampari E, Siasat P, Gaya MS, Alav I, Webber MA, Blair JMA. Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance revisited. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:280-295. [PMID: 36411397 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 218.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global health emergency, with resistance detected to all antibiotics currently in clinical use and only a few novel drugs in the pipeline. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that bacteria use to resist the action of antimicrobials is critical to recognize global patterns of resistance and to improve the use of current drugs, as well as for the design of new drugs less susceptible to resistance development and novel strategies to combat resistance. In this Review, we explore recent advances in understanding how resistance genes contribute to the biology of the host, new structural details of relevant molecular events underpinning resistance, the identification of new resistance gene families and the interactions between different resistance mechanisms. Finally, we discuss how we can use this information to develop the next generation of antimicrobial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Darby
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Pauline Siasat
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Ilyas Alav
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark A Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
| | - Jessica M A Blair
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Rose TFA, Kannan P, Ruban SW, Srinivas K, Milton AAP, Ghatak S, Elango A, Rajalakshmi S, Sundaram S. Isolation, susceptibility profiles and genomic analysis of a colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky strain COL-R. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:140. [PMID: 37124985 PMCID: PMC10133420 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky is a frequent cause for clinical infections in human patients. They are isolated and reported with multidrug resistance from the foods of animal origin from various countries. However, studies inferring the colistin resistance are limited. Hence, the current study reports the genetic factors and genomic analysis of the colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky strain COL-R for better understanding of its pathogenic potential and phylogenetic relatedness. The S. Kentucky strain COL-R was successfully isolated from chicken meat during ongoing surveillance of food of animal origin. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed resistance to cefoxitin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and most disturbingly to ciprofloxacin and colistin (broth microdilution method). Whole-genome sequence of the COL-R strain was subjected to various in silico analysis to identify the virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes, pathogenicity islands and sequence type. The S. Kentucky COL-R strain belonged to sequence type (ST) 198 with a high probability (0.943) of being a human pathogen. Besides presence of integrated phage in the S. Kentucky COL-R genome, 38 genes conferring resistance to various antimicrobials and disinfectants were also identified. Nucleotide Polymorphism analysis indicated triple mutations in gyrA and parC genes conferring fluoroquinolone resistance. Phylogenomic analysis with 31 other S. Kentucky genomes revealed discernible clusters with S. Kentucky COL-R strain latching onto a cluster of high diversity (geographic location and isolation sources). Taken together, our results document the first occurrence of colistin resistance in a fluoroquinolone resistant S. Kentucky COL-R strain isolated from retail chicken and provide crucial information on the genomic features of the strain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03559-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. F. Amal Rose
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - Porteen Kannan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - S. Wilfred Ruban
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024 India
| | - Kandhan Srinivas
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122 India
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, 793103 India
| | | | - Sandeep Ghatak
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, 793103 India
| | - A. Elango
- Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Salem, 636112 India
| | - S. Rajalakshmi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - Sureshkannan Sundaram
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai, 600007 India
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50
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Sowers A, Wang G, Xing M, Li B. Advances in Antimicrobial Peptide Discovery via Machine Learning and Delivery via Nanotechnology. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1129. [PMID: 37317103 PMCID: PMC10223199 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been investigated for their potential use as an alternative to antibiotics due to the increased demand for new antimicrobial agents. AMPs, widely found in nature and obtained from microorganisms, have a broad range of antimicrobial protection, allowing them to be applied in the treatment of infections caused by various pathogenic microorganisms. Since these peptides are primarily cationic, they prefer anionic bacterial membranes due to electrostatic interactions. However, the applications of AMPs are currently limited owing to their hemolytic activity, poor bioavailability, degradation from proteolytic enzymes, and high-cost production. To overcome these limitations, nanotechnology has been used to improve AMP bioavailability, permeation across barriers, and/or protection against degradation. In addition, machine learning has been investigated due to its time-saving and cost-effective algorithms to predict AMPs. There are numerous databases available to train machine learning models. In this review, we focus on nanotechnology approaches for AMP delivery and advances in AMP design via machine learning. The AMP sources, classification, structures, antimicrobial mechanisms, their role in diseases, peptide engineering technologies, currently available databases, and machine learning techniques used to predict AMPs with minimal toxicity are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Sowers
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Bingyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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