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Ferreira ICDS, Menezes RDP, Jesus TAD, Lopes MSM, Araújo LBD, Ferreira DMDLM, Röder DVDDB. Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp.: Impacts on fatality in a NICU in Brazil - confronting the perfect storm. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117373. [PMID: 39208663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analyse the incidence, risk factors, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and fatality in neonates infected with oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (ORS). METHODS In this retrospective observational descriptive cohort study, the medical records of neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from January 2015 to June 2022 were analysed. Participants were monitored daily through the National Healthcare Safety Network. RESULTS Among the 1610 neonates, 193 (12 %) developed ORS infections, primarily in the bloodstream (96.8 %). The incidence of these infections/patient-days decreased by 51.8 % between 2016 (8.3) and 2022 (4). The median age of affected neonates was 17.5 days (IQR:12-28.7). Pre-emptive prescription of fourth-generation cephalosporins (OR=14.36; P<0.01) emerged as a risk factor in the multivariate analysis. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most prevalent species (60.1 %), with one isolate showing a "susceptible, increased exposure" profile to vancomycin. Additionally, 2 % of pathogens were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). ORS infections were associated with prolonged hospital stays (from 10 to 46 days) and increased mortality (from 10.2 % to 19.2 %). The median time between infection and the fatal outcome was 15 days (IQR:8-40), and Staphylococcus capitis was the most lethal species (26.7 %). CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of ORS infections was linked to extended hospitalisation and increased mortality, highlighting the complexity of this situation - a "perfect storm." This underscores the urgency of implementing effective interventions for managing and preventing ORS infections in the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralciane de Paula Menezes
- Technical Course in Clinical Analysis, Technical School of Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Alves de Jesus
- Undergraduate Course in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mallu Santos Mendonça Lopes
- Undergraduate Course in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Michels R, Papan C, Boutin S, Alhussein F, Becker SL, Nurjadi D, Last K. Clinical relevance of Staphylococcus saccharolyticus detection in human samples: a retrospective cohort study. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02334-6. [PMID: 38963607 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the clinical relevance of S. saccharolyticus and to identify criteria to distinguish between infection and contamination. METHODS We retrospectively investigated clinical features of patients with S. saccharolyticus detection between June 2009 and July 2021. Based on six criteria, infection was considered likely for patients with a score from 3 to 6 points, infection was considered unlikely for patients with a score from 0 to 2 points. We performed group comparison and logistic regression to identify factors than are associated with likely infection. In addition, whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 22 isolates was performed. RESULTS Of 93 patients in total, 44 were assigned to the group "infection likely" and 49 to the group "infection unlikely". Multiple regression analysis revealed "maximum body temperature during hospital stay" to have the strongest predictive effect on likely infection (adjusted odds ratio 4.40, 95% confidence interval 2.07-9.23). WGS revealed two different clades. Compared to isolates from clade A, isolates from clade B were more frequently associated with implanted medical devices (3/10 vs. 9/12, p = 0.046) and a shorter time to positivity (TTP) (4.5 vs. 3, p = 0.016). Both clades did neither differ significantly in terms of causing a likely infection (clade A 7/10 vs. clade B 5/12, p = 0.23) nor in median length of hospital stay (28 vs. 15.5 days, p = 0.083) and length of stay at the ICU (21 vs. 3.5 days, p = 0.14). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that S. saccharolyticus can cause clinically relevant infections. Differentiation between infection and contamination remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Michels
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Cihan Papan
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Sébastien Boutin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Farah Alhussein
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sören L Becker
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Nurjadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina Last
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn, Germany
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Wang Y, Liu C, Xia W, Cui Y, Yu L, Zhao D, Guan X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Hu J, Liu J. Association of coagulase-negative staphylococci with orthopedic infections detected by in-house multiplex real-time PCR. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1400096. [PMID: 38912353 PMCID: PMC11193334 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1400096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) has been gradually acknowledged in both healthcare and clinical research, but approaches for their precise discrimination at the species level remain scarce. The current study aimed to evaluate the association of CoNS with orthopedic infections, where accurate and prompt identification of etiology is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and treatment decision-making. Methods A 16S rRNA-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed for the detection of Staphylococcus genus and two panels of 3-plex qPCR assays for further differentiation of six CoNS species with remarkable clinical significance, including S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. simulans, S. hominis, S. capitis, and S. caprae. All the assays exhibited excellent analytical performance. ΔCq (quantification cycle) between 16S rRNA and CoNS species-specific targets was established to determine the primary CoNS. These methods were applied to detect CoNS in wound samples from orthopedic patients with and without infection. Results and discussion Overall, CoNS were detected in 17.8% (21/118) of patients with clinically suspected infection and in 9.8% (12/123) of patients without any infection symptom (p < 0.05). Moreover, the association with infection was found to be bacterial quantity dependent. S. epidermidis was identified as the predominant species, followed by S. simulans, S. haemolyticus, and S. hominis. Male sex, open injury, trauma, and lower extremity were determined as risk factors for CoNS infections. CoNS-positive patients had significantly longer hospitalization duration (20 days (15, 33) versus 13 days (7, 22) for Staphylococcus-negative patients, p = 0.003), which could be a considerable burden for healthcare and individual patients. Considering the complex characteristics and devastating consequences of orthopedic infections, further expanding the detection scope for CoNS may be pursued to better understand the etiology of orthopedic infections and to improve therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbo Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Qingdao Huangdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanxiang Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Huangdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Linhong Yu
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Huangdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yingdi Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yani Wang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yisong Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qingdao Huangdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Suriyakhun N, Jangsangthong A, Tunyong W, Kong-Ngoen T, Santajit S, Indrawattana N, Buranasinsup S. Investigation of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from rabbit. Vet World 2024; 17:1328-1335. [PMID: 39077454 PMCID: PMC11283597 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1328-1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Staphylococci, which inhabit skin and mucous membranes in humans and animals, are opportunistic pathogens. Coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the two main groups. Clinical abscesses in rabbits often harbor Staphylococcus aureus and CoNS. This study estimated S. aureus and CoNS prevalence, resistance profiles, antimicrobial-resistant genes, and the accessory gene regulator (agr) group in rabbit clinical abscesses. Materials and Methods Sixty-seven abscesses were gathered from 67 rabbits who visited Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital in Nakornpathom, Thailand, from January 2014 to October 2015. Thirty-four subcutaneous, 29 dental, 2 ocular, 1 mammary gland, and 1 uterine abscess were present. Conventional methods, including Gram staining, mannitol fermentation, hemolysis on blood agar, catalase testing, and coagulase production, identified and isolated S. aureus and CoNS from all abscesses. All S. aureus and CoNS isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of blaZ, aacA-aphD, msrA, tetK, gyrA, grlA, dfrG, and cfr antimicrobial-resistant genes. Methicillin resistance was identified through the detection of a cefoxitin-resistant phenotype and the presence of mecA gene. Further investigation was conducted on the agr group of S. aureus isolates. Results In 67 abscesses, we found 19 S. aureus isolates in 9 abscesses (13.43%) and 37 CoNS isolates in 18 abscesses (26.87%), both majorly located at subcutaneous sites. About 59.46% of CoNS isolates were methicillin-resistant compared to 5.26% of S. aureus isolates. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant CoNS (MRCoNS) both displayed multidrug resistance (MDR). Both MRSA and MRCoNS expressed multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaZ, aacA-aphD, gyrA, grlA, msrA, tetK, and dfrG. Approximately 73.68% of the agr groups were agr I, 15.79% were agr III, and 10.53% were agr II. Conclusion This study found a high prevalence of MRCoNS with antimicrobial resistance and multiple antimicrobial-resistant genes in rabbits with clinical abscesses. The effectiveness of antibiotics against infections caused by such strains is a matter of concern. Owners should be educated about the importance of good hygiene practices and judicious antibiotic use to prevent widespread antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawarat Suriyakhun
- Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 73170 Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Arunee Jangsangthong
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 73710 Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Witawat Tunyong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thida Kong-Ngoen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirijan Santajit
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, 80160 Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, 80160 Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research and Excellence in Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 10700 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shutipen Buranasinsup
- Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 73710 Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
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Jiang F, Chen Q, Wu Y, Su X, Zhuang J, Zhang Z, Wei Q, Hu J, Zhan S. Postsurgical analysis of expander implantation including pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 93:39-41. [PMID: 38631085 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang 830017, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Xueshang Su
- Department of Cosmetic Injection Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Jun Zhuang
- Department of Cosmetic Injection Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Ziming Zhang
- Department of Cosmetic Injection Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Qingqian Wei
- Department of Cosmetic Injection Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Jintian Hu
- Department of Cosmetic Injection Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China.
| | - Sien Zhan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, PR China.
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Salazar-Sesatty HA, Montoya-Hinojosa EI, Villarreal-Salazar V, Alvizo-Baez CA, Camacho-Ortiz A, Terrazas-Armendariz LD, Luna-Cruz IE, Alcocer-González JM, Villarreal-Treviño L, Flores-Treviño S. Biofilm Eradication and Inhibition of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Clinical Isolates by Curcumin-Chitosan Magnetic Nanoparticles. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024:JJID.2024.034. [PMID: 38825455 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2024.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (MR-CoNS) are a clinical challenge for the treatment of healthcare-associated infections. As alternative antimicrobial options are needed, we aimed to determine the effect of curcumin-chitosan magnetic nanoparticles on the biofilm of staphylococcal clinical isolates. MRSA and CoNS clinical isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution. Nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and encapsulation by ionotropic gelation of curcumin (Cur) and chitosan (Chi). Biofilm inhibition and eradication by nanoparticles with and without the addition of oxacillin was assessed on staphylococcal strains. Cur-Chi-MNP showed antimicrobial activity on planktonic cells of MRSA and MR-CoNS strains and inhibited biofilm of MRSA. The addition of OXA to Cur-Chi-MNP increased biofilm inhibition and eradication activity against all Staphylococci strains (p=0.0007); higher biofilm activity was observed in early biofilm stages. Cur-Chi-MNP showed antimicrobial and biofilm inhibition activity against S. aureus. The addition of OXA increased biofilm inhibition and eradication activity against all Staphylococci strains. A combination treatment of Cur-Chi-MNP and OXA could be potentially used to treat staphylococcal biofilm-associated infections in its early stages before the establishment of biofilm bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Antonio Salazar-Sesatty
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Pedro de Alba, Mexico
| | - Edeer Iván Montoya-Hinojosa
- Departament of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Pedro de Alba, Mexico
| | - Verónica Villarreal-Salazar
- Departament of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Pedro de Alba, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Aracely Alvizo-Baez
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Pedro de Alba, Mexico
| | - Adrián Camacho-Ortiz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González" and School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Madero S/N esq Avenida Gonzalitos. Mitras Centro, Mexico
| | - Luis Daniel Terrazas-Armendariz
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Pedro de Alba, Mexico
| | - Itza Eloisa Luna-Cruz
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Pedro de Alba, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Alcocer-González
- Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Pedro de Alba, Mexico
| | - Licet Villarreal-Treviño
- Departament of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Pedro de Alba, Mexico
| | - Samantha Flores-Treviño
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González" and School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Avenida Madero S/N esq Avenida Gonzalitos. Mitras Centro, Mexico
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Onyango LA, Liang J. Manuka honey as a non-antibiotic alternative against Staphylococcus spp. and their small colony variant (SCVs) phenotypes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1380289. [PMID: 38868298 PMCID: PMC11168119 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1380289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic resistance (ABR) crisis is an urgent global health priority. Staphylococci are among the problematic bacteria contributing to this emergency owing to their recalcitrance to many clinically important antibiotics. Staphylococcal pathogenesis is further complicated by the presence of small colony variants (SCVs), a bacterial subpopulation displaying atypical characteristics including retarded growth, prolific biofilm formation, heightened antibiotic tolerance, and enhanced intracellular persistence. These capabilities severely impede current chemotherapeutics, resulting in chronic infections, poor patient outcomes, and significant economic burden. Tackling ABR requires alternative measures beyond the conventional options that have dominated treatment regimens over the past 8 decades. Non-antibiotic therapies are gaining interest in this arena, including the use of honey, which despite having ancient therapeutic roots has now been reimagined as an alternative treatment beyond just traditional topical use, to include the treatment of an array of difficult-to-treat staphylococcal infections. This literature review focused on Manuka honey (MH) and its efficacy as an anti-staphylococcal treatment. We summarized the studies that have used this product and the technologies employed to study the antibacterial mechanisms that render MH a suitable agent for the management of problematic staphylococcal infections, including those involving staphylococcal SCVs. We also discussed the status of staphylococcal resistance development to MH and other factors that may impact its efficacy as an alternative therapy to help combat ABR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Onyango
- Department of Biology, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada
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Schindler M, Walter N, Reinhard J, Pagano S, Szymski D, Alt V, Rupp M, Lang S. Midterm survival and risk factor analysis in patients with pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: a retrospective study of 155 cases. Front Surg 2024; 11:1357318. [PMID: 38835852 PMCID: PMC11148346 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1357318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) represents a clinical challenge and is linked to substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to examine mortality as well as potential risk factors contributing to in-hospital mortality among patients with VO. Methods This retrospective analysis involved patients receiving treatment for VO at University Regensburg in Germany from January 1, 2000, to December 3, 2020. It included in-hospital mortality rate, comorbidities and pathogens. Patients were identified using ICD-10 diagnosis codes: M46.2, M46.3, M46.4, and M46.5. Kaplan-Meier probability plots and odds ratios (OR) for mortality were calculated. Results Out of the total cohort of 155 patients with VO, 53 patients (34.1%) died during a mean follow-up time of 87.8 ± 70.8 months. The overall mortality was 17.2% at one year, 19.9% at two years and 28.3% at five years. Patients with congestive heart failure (p = 0.005), renal disease (p < 0.001), symptoms of paraplegia (p = 0.029), and sepsis (p = 0.006) demonstrated significantly higher overall mortality rates. In 56.1% of cases, pathogens were identified, with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and other unidentified pathogens being the most common. Renal disease (OR 1.85) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.52) were identified as significant risk factors. Conclusion Early assessment of the specific risk factors for each patient may prove beneficial in the management and treatment of VO to reduce the risk of mortality. These findings demonstrate the importance of close monitoring of VO patients with underlying chronic organ disease and early identification and treatment of sepsis. Prioritizing identification of the exact pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity testing can improve outcomes for patients in this high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schindler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nike Walter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan Reinhard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Dominik Szymski
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Rupp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Siegmund Lang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Paramanya S, Lee JH, Lee J. Antibiofilm activity of carotenoid crocetin against Staphylococcal strains. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1404960. [PMID: 38803574 PMCID: PMC11128560 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1404960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis stand as notorious threats to human beings owing to the myriad of infections they cause. The bacteria readily form biofilms that help in withstanding the effects of antibiotics and the immune system. Intending to combat the biofilm formation and reduce the virulence of the pathogens, we investigated the effects of carotenoids, crocetin, and crocin, on four Staphylococcal strains. Crocetin was found to be the most effective as it diminished the biofilm formation of S. aureus ATCC 6538 significantly at 50 µg/mL without exhibiting bactericidal effect (MIC >800 µg/mL) and also inhibited the formation of biofilm by MSSA 25923 and S. epidermidis at a concentration as low as 2 µg/mL, and that by methicillin-resistant S. aureus MW2 at 100 µg/mL. It displayed minimal to no antibiofilm efficacy on the Gram-negative strains Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as a fungal strain of Candida albicans. It could also curb the formation of fibrils, which partly contributes to the biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. Additionally, the ADME analysis of crocetin proclaims how relatively non-toxic the chemical is. Also, crocetin displayed synergistic antibiofilm characteristics in combination with tobramycin. The presence of a polyene chain with carboxylic acid groups at its ends is hypothesized to contribute to the strong antibiofilm characteristics of crocetin. These findings suggest that using apocarotenoids, particularly crocetin might help curb the biofilm formation by S. aureus and S. epidermidis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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10
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Gricajeva A, Buchovec I, Kalėdienė L, Badokas K, Vitta P. Evaluation of visible light and natural photosensitizers against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus planktonic cells and biofilm. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28811. [PMID: 38596007 PMCID: PMC11002230 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photoinactivation (API) has shown some promise in potentially treating different nosocomial bacterial infections, however, its application on staphylococci, especially other than Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) species is still limited. Although S. aureus is a well-known and important nosocomial pathogen, several other species of the genus, particularly coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, can also cause healthcare-associated infections and foodborne intoxications. CNS are often involved in resilient biofilm formation on medical devices and can cause infections in patients with compromised immune systems or those undergoing invasive procedures. In this study, the effects of chlorophyllin and riboflavin-mediated API on S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus planktonic cells and biofilm are demonstrated for the first time. Based on the residual growth determination and metabolic reduction ability changes, higher inactivating efficiency of chlorophyllin-mediated API was determined against the planktonic cells of both tested species of bacteria and against S. saprophyticus biofilm. Some insights on whether aqueous solutions of riboflavin and chlorophyllin, when illuminated with optimal exciting wavelength (440 nm and 402 nm, respectively) generate O2-•, are also provided in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Gricajeva
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio avenue 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Irina Buchovec
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Sauletekio avenue 3, LT-10257, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lilija Kalėdienė
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio avenue 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kazimieras Badokas
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Sauletekio avenue 3, LT-10257, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Pranciškus Vitta
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Sauletekio avenue 3, LT-10257, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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11
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Gundog DA, Ozkaya Y, Gungor C, Ertas Onmaz N, Gonulalan Z. Pathogenic potential of meat-borne coagulase negative staphylococci strains from slaughterhouse to fork. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00500-2. [PMID: 38521888 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in meat processing lines for their pathogenic potential associated with biofilm formation, staphylococcal toxin genes, and antibiotic resistance in obtained isolates. Out of 270 samples, 56 isolates were identified as staphylococcal with their species level, and their antimicrobial resistance profiles were also determined with the BD Phoenix™ system. Among these, CoNS were found in 32 isolates, including S. epidermidis (22%), S. warneri (22%), S. cohnii (9%), S. schleiferi (9%), S. capitis (6%), S. haemolyticus (6%), S. lugdunensis (6%), S. chromogenes (6%), S. kloosii (3%), S. sciuri (3%), S. lentus (3%), and S. caprae (3%). Biofilm formation was observed in 78.1% of CoNS isolates, with 56% being strong biofilm producers; and the frequency of the icaA, fnbA, and fnbB genes were 43.7% and 34.3%, and 9.3% in isolates, respectively. Twenty-five (78.1%) of these strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, 20 (80%) of which exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). Regarding genotypic analyses, 15.6%, 22.2%, 87.5%, and 9% of isolates, were positive for blaZ, ermC, tetK, and aacA-aphD, respectively. In 8 (25%) of all isolates had one or more staphylococcal toxin genes: the sed gene was the most frequent (12.5%), followed by eta (9.3%), tst-1 (6.25%), and sea (3.1%). In conclusion, this study highlights meat; and meat products might be reservoirs for the biofilm-producing MDR-CoNS, which harbored several toxin genes. Hence, it should not be ignored that CoNS may be related to foodborne outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dursun Alp Gundog
- Department of Veterinary Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Health Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey.
| | - Yasin Ozkaya
- Department of Veterinary Food Hygiene and Technology, Institute of Health Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey
| | - Candan Gungor
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Ertas Onmaz
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey
| | - Zafer Gonulalan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey
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Patil G, Agarwala P, Das P, Pathak S. Rise in the Pathogenic Status of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Causing Bloodstream Infection. Cureus 2024; 16:e57250. [PMID: 38686262 PMCID: PMC11056806 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are one of the frequently isolated bacteria from blood cultures. Since they are part of the normal skin flora, they were previously considered contaminants. But now, they can be considered as established pathogens causing bloodstream infection (BSI). This study aims to estimate the prevalence of CoNS in BSI cases. METHODS This study was conducted at the Microbiology Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India, for eight months (January 2022 to August 2022). Data were collected retrospectively from medical and laboratory records. Paired blood cultures from 5085 clinically suspected sepsis cases were subjected to aerobic culture for five days in the BacT ALERT 3D system. Pathogenicity was established after recovery of CoNS from paired blood cultures of symptomatic patients. RESULTS CoNS were isolated from 2.35% of patients, the most common species being Staphylococcus haemolyticus (51.67%). About 90% of isolates were methicillin-resistant. All the isolates were susceptible to linezolid, teicoplanin, and vancomycin, except one isolate of S. haemolyticus which was intermediate to vancomycin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 50 and MIC 90 for vancomycin were 1 ug/ml and 2 ug/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Paired blood cultures are necessary to determine the pathogenicity of CoNS in BSI cases. A high prevalence of methicillin resistance, accompanied by high resistance rates to other non-beta lactam antibiotics, warrants the strict implementation of antimicrobial stewardship practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Patil
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Pragya Agarwala
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Padma Das
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
| | - Swati Pathak
- Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Raipur, IND
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13
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Cinthi M, Coccitto SN, Pocognoli A, Zeni G, Mazzariol A, Di Gregorio A, Vignaroli C, Brenciani A, Giovanetti E. Persistence and evolution of linezolid- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis ST2 and ST5 clones in an Italian hospital. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:358-364. [PMID: 38331029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus epidermidis is a member of the human skin microbiome. However, in recent decades, multidrug-resistant and hospital-adapted S. epidermidis clones are increasingly involved in severe human infections associated with medical devices and in immunocompromised patients. In 2016, we reported that a linezolid- and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis ST2 clone, bearing the G2576T mutation, was endemic in an Italian hospital since 2004. This study aimed to retrospectively analyse 34 linezolid- and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (LR-MRSE) strains collected from 2018 to 2021 from the same hospital. METHODS LR-MRSE were typed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing and screened for transferable linezolid resistance genes. Representative LR-MRSE were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and their resistomes, including the presence of ribosomal mechanisms of linezolid resistance and of rpoB gene mutations conferring rifampin resistance, were investigated. RESULTS ST2 lineage was still prevalent (19/34; 55.9%), but, over time, ST5 clone has been widespread too (15/34; 44.1%). Thirteen of the 34 isolates (38.2%) were positive for the cfr gene. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of relevant LR-MRSE displayed complex resistomes for the presence of several acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including the SCCmec type III (3A) and SCCmec type IV (2B) in ST2 and ST5 isolates, respectively. Bioinformatics and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mapping also showed a plasmid-location of the cfr gene and the occurrence of previously undetected mutations in L3 (ST2 lineage) and L4 (ST3 lineage) ribosomal proteins and substitutions in the rpoB gene. CONCLUSION The occurrence of LR-MRSE should be carefully monitored in order to prevent the spread of this difficult-to-treat pathogen and to preserve the efficacy of linezolid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Cinthi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Nina Coccitto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonella Pocognoli
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 'Ospedali Riuniti', Ancona, Italy
| | - Guido Zeni
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Annarita Mazzariol
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Di Gregorio
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carla Vignaroli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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14
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Bayoudh F, Giot JB, Descy J, Fontaine C, Hayette MP, Baron F, Willems E, Beguin Y, Frippiat F, Servais S. Oral minocycline as systemic therapy for uncomplicated venous access device-related bloodstream infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Curr Res Transl Med 2024; 72:103422. [PMID: 38244302 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous access device-related bloodstream infection (VAD-BSI) with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Standard systemic antimicrobial therapy for uncomplicated VAD-BSI with methicillin-resistant CoNS consists of intravenous (IV) vancomycin (vanco). This requires hospitalization, needs new competent venous access, exposes patients to potential toxicity (mainly renal) and increases the risk of commensal flora dysbiosis with selection of vanco-resistant enterococci. Combined with VAD management (removal or antibiotic locks), oral minocycline (mino) has been evaluated as an alternative systemic therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated VAD-BSIs with CoNS at our center, primarily when the reference treatment with IV vanco was not possible (renal failure or allergy) or when hospitalization was refused by patients. Here, we retrospectively report our single center experience with this mino-based approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS From January 2012 to December 2020, 24 uncomplicated VAD-BSIs with CoNS in 23 alloHCT patients were treated with oral mino as systemic antibiotic therapy in combination with VAD management. VAD were implantable ports (n = 17), tunneled catheter (n = 1) or PIC-lines (n = 6). Staphylococci were S. epidermidis (n = 21) or S. haemolyticus (n = 3). Mino was administered with a loading dose of 200 mg followed by 100 mg BID for 7-14 days. For 8 VAD-BSIs, patients were initially treated with IV vanco for the first 1-3 days followed by oral mino, while 16 VAD-BSIs were treated with oral mino as the sole antimicrobial agent for systemic therapy. VAD management consisted of catheter removal (for tunneled catheters and PIC-lines, n = 7) or antibiotic locks with vanco (n = 15) or gentamicin (n = 2) administered at least 3 times a week for 14 days (for ports). RESULTS Overall, clearance of bacteremia (as assessed by negativity for the same CoNS of surveillance peripheral blood cultures drawn between day+ 3 and +30 after initiation of systemic therapy) was achieved in all but 1 patient (with port) who had persistent bacteremia at day +9. No complication such as suppurative thrombophlebitis, endocarditis, distant foci of infection or BSI-related death was observed in any patient during the 3-month period after initiation of treatment. Regarding the 17 port-BSI cases for which VAD conservative strategy was attempted, failure of 3-month VAD preservation was documented in 7/17 cases and 3-month recurrence of VAD-BSI was observed in 3/17 cases (with 1 patient with cellulitis). Treatment with mino was well tolerated except for a mild skin rash in one patient. CONCLUSION Further prospective studies are needed to evaluate efficacy and safety of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Bayoudh
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Baptiste Giot
- Department of Infectious Disease, University Hospital of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Descy
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Corentin Fontaine
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Baron
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Willems
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Frippiat
- Department of Infectious Disease, University Hospital of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Sophie Servais
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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15
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Yuan JM, Nugent C, Wilson A, Verlander NQ, Alexander E, Fleming P, Modi N, Oughham K, Ratnaraja N, Wan Y, Thorn L, Felgate H, Webber MA, Ogundipe E, Brown CS, Paranthaman K, Demirjian A. Clinical outcomes of Staphylococcus capitis isolation from neonates, England, 2015-2021: a retrospective case-control study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2024; 109:128-134. [PMID: 37751992 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-325887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Staphylococcus capitis, a coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species, has been increasingly detected from UK sterile site samples and has caused neonatal unit outbreaks worldwide. We compared survival to discharge and 30-day mortality for the detection of S. capitis versus other CoNS species. METHODS In this retrospective case-control study, we included hospitalised infants with any CoNS species detected from a normally sterile body site up to 90 days of age. We linked English laboratory reports from the Second Generation Surveillance System database, mortality data from the Personal Demographics Service, and neonatal unit admissions from the National Neonatal Research Database. In primary analysis, multivariable logistic regression was used, with two co-primary outcomes: survival to discharge and death within 30 days of positive specimen date. Sensitivity analyses using multiply imputed datasets followed. RESULTS We identified 16 636 CoNS episodes relating to 13 745 infants. CoNS episodes were highest among infants born extremely preterm (22-27 weeks) and with extremely low birth weight (400-999 g). In primary analysis, there were no differences in survival to discharge (p=0.71) or 30-day mortality (p=0.77) between CoNS species. In sensitivity analyses, there were no differences in outcomes between infection with four of the most common CoNS species (Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. capitis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus warneri) but the remaining CoNS species were at higher risk of adverse outcomes when treated in aggregate. CONCLUSION Infants with S. capitis detected from sterile site samples did not experience significant differences in either survival to discharge or 30-day mortality compared with infants with detection of other common CoNS species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Min Yuan
- Field Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Christopher Nugent
- UK Field Epidemiology Training Programme, UK Health Security Agency, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Neville Q Verlander
- Statistics Unit, Statistics, Modelling and Economics Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | | | - Paul Fleming
- Homerton Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Neena Modi
- Section of Neonatal Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Chelsea and Westminster Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kayleigh Oughham
- Section of Neonatal Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Natasha Ratnaraja
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Yu Wan
- Healthcare-Associated Infection, Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Use and Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Thorn
- Healthcare-Associated Infection, Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Use and Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | | | | | - Enitan Ogundipe
- Chelsea and Westminster Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Colin S Brown
- Healthcare-Associated Infection, Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Use and Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alicia Demirjian
- Healthcare-Associated Infection, Fungal, Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Use and Sepsis Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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16
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Khasapane NG, Koos M, Nkhebenyane SJ, Khumalo ZTH, Ramatla T, Thekisoe O. Detection of Staphylococcus Isolates and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Virulence Genes from Subclinical Mastitis Cattle Milk Using MALDI-TOF MS, PCR and Sequencing in Free State Province, South Africa. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:154. [PMID: 38200885 PMCID: PMC10778211 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus species are amongst the bacteria that cause bovine mastitis worldwide, whereby they produce a wide range of protein toxins, virulence factors, and antimicrobial-resistant properties which are enhancing the pathogenicity of these organisms. This study aimed to detect Staphylococcus spp. from the milk of cattle with subclinical mastitis using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA PCR as well as screening for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes. Our results uncovered that from 166 sampled cows, only 33.13% had subclinical mastitis after initial screening, while the quarter-level prevalence was 54%. Of the 50 cultured bacterial isolates, MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA PCR assay and sequencing identified S. aureus as the dominant bacteria by 76%. Furthermore, an AMR susceptibility test showed that 86% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, followed by ciprofloxacin (80%) and cefoxitin (52%). Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes showed that 16% of the isolates carried the mecA gene, while 52% of the isolates carried the Lg G-binding region gene, followed by coa (42%), spa (40%), hla (38%), and hlb (38%), whereas sea and bap genes were detected in 10% and 2% of the isolates, respectively. The occurrence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance profiles highlights the need for appropriate strategies to control the spread of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntelekwane G. Khasapane
- Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Myburgh Koos
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Sebolelo J. Nkhebenyane
- Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Technology, 1 Park Road, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Zamantungwa T. H. Khumalo
- Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa
| | - Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (T.R.)
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa; (T.R.)
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Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Trabelsi I, Reuben RC, Stegger M, Torres C. Nasal staphylococci microbiota and resistome in healthy adults in La Rioja, northern Spain: High frequency of toxigenic S. aureus and MSSA-CC398 subclade. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 116:105529. [PMID: 38013047 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the nasal staphylococci diversity and characterized their resistome, with a focus on the mobilome of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)-CC398 subclade from healthy adults in La Rioja (northern Spain). Nasal staphylococci recovered from 57 healthy individuals (HI) were identified (MALDI-TOF-MS) and their antimicrobial resistance, virulence determinants and genetic lineages were studied. The relatedness of MSSA-CC398 isolates was assessed by core-genome single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs). One-hundred-forty-three non-repetitive staphylococci were obtained from most HI (98.2%), of which S. epidermidis (87.7%) and S. aureus (36.8%) were the predominant species. About 15% of the 27 S. aureus and 30.1% of the 116 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates presented a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. All S. aureus isolates were MSSA but 30.2% of CoNS isolates were mecA-positive and carried SCCmec types III, IV, and V. The highest non-beta-lactam resistance (frequency/genes) in S. aureus and CoNS were: erythromycin-clindamycin-inducible (25.9%/ermT, ermC) and mupirocin (30.1%/mupA), respectively. About 85% of S. aureus isolates carried relevant virulence genes. Eight clonal complexes (CCs) of MSSA were identified, of which CC398 was the predominant (33.3%). About 78% of the CC398 isolates harboured rep13-bound ermT gene, however, one carried a rep10-bound ermC gene. Only the ermT-positive MSSA-CC398 isolates were closely related (<50 SNPs) and carried the φSa3. Diverse MDR-S. epidermidis isolates were identified which included the lineages ST59 and ST210. The high rate of toxigenic S. aureus and of MSSA-CC398 subclade highlight the ability of HI to carry and transmit virulent isolates. Moreover, the high frequency of MDR-CoNS, often linked with SCCmec, needs to be monitored for their potential human health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Islem Trabelsi
- Bioresources, Environment and Biotechnology Laboratory, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rine Christopher Reuben
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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Huang YH, Yeh YR, Lien RI, Chiang MC, Huang YC. Molecular characteristics and clinical features of Staphylococcus epidermidis healthcare-associated late-onset bacteremia among infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:1214-1225. [PMID: 37709633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common pathogen of late-onset sepsis (LOS) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), there haves been scanty reports on molecular epidemiology of S. epidermidis isolates from infants stayed in NICU and on correlation of molecular characteristics with clinical features in these infants. METHODS We collected and characterized S. epidermidis bloodstream isolates from infants hospitalized in NICU of a medical center in Taiwan between 2018 and 2020. Medical records of these infants were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS A total of 107 isolates identified from 78 episodes of bacteremia in 75 infants were included for analysis. Of the 78 isolates (episodes), 24 pulsotypes, 11 sequence types (STs), and 5 types of staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (type I-V) were identified. ST59 and its single locus variant ST1124 (37.2%) comprised the most common strain, followed by ST35 (14.1%), ST2 (11.5%), and ST89 (10.3%). All but 5 isolates (73/78, 93.6%) belonged to clonal complex (CC) 2. Comparing infants infected with genetically different strains, the patients with underlying immune disease were significantly associated with ST2 infection (P = 0.021), while no statistically significant differences were found in terms of clinical and laboratory characteristics. Only 3.8% of the isolates were susceptible to oxacillin. CONCLUSIONS More than 90% of S. epidermidis bloodstream isolates from infants in NICU in Taiwan were resistant to oxacillin. Though diverse, more than 90% of the isolates (episodes) belonged to CC2. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of clinical characteristics among the infants infected with genetically different strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Rou Yeh
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rey-In Lien
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chou Chiang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Golińska E, Kozień Ł, Tomusiak-Plebanek A, Kędzierska J, Dorycka M, Lauterbach R, Pawlik D, Rzepecka-Węglarz B, Janiszewska M, Heczko PB, Wojkowska-Mach J, Strus M. Epidemiology of neonatal sepsis in two neonatal intensive care units in Krakow, Poland in 2016-2017 years. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:827. [PMID: 38001444 PMCID: PMC10675960 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis in low-birth-weight neonates remains one of the most significant causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Approximately 3 million newborns suffer from sepsis globally every year. The aim of this study was to compare demographic and clinical features, as well as etiology and antibiotic susceptibility, of the main pathogens related to neonatal sepsis in two neonatal intensive units during a two-year period. METHODS We observed early-onset (EO-BSI) and late-onset bloodstream infections (LO-BSI) cases in two high-reference neonatal intensive care units (NICU) over a 24-month period (2016-2017). Samples of patients' blood were tested for the presence of the microorganisms. All bacterial isolates were tested for susceptibility to antibiotics. RESULTS The majority of sepsis cases weighed above 1000 g and were born by cesarean section. About 10% of the EO-BSI group died. There were differences in the EO-BSI /LO-BSI ratio in the compared wards due to differences among the admitted children. The most common pathogens isolated from blood were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were represented by two dominating species: S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus, followed by Klebsiella spp. strains and E.coli, which were mostly found in EO-BSI cases. No single S. agalactiae (GBS) strain was isolated. The majority of CoNS strains were resistant to methicillin, half were resistant to aminoglycosides, and one-third were resistant to macrolides and lincosamides. Half of the Gram-negative rods were resistant to beta-lactams. CONCLUSIONS The epidemiology of sepsis in two observed NICUs is comparable to data obtained from other studies with a predominance of methicillin-resistant CoNS in LO-BSI and beta-lactam resistant E. coli in EO-BSI. It is of importance that the campaign for controlling GBS carriage in pregnant women in Poland resulted in the disappearance of GBS as a cause of sepsis. Unfortunately, there are no such measures to control E.coli related sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Golińska
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, Cracow, 31-121, Poland.
| | - Ł Kozień
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, Cracow, 31-121, Poland
| | - A Tomusiak-Plebanek
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, Cracow, 31-121, Poland
| | - J Kędzierska
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Dorycka
- Microbiological Laboratory, Diagnostics Inc. Krakow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - R Lauterbach
- Department of Neonatology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - D Pawlik
- Department of Neonatology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - B Rzepecka-Węglarz
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, "UJASTEK" Medical Centre, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Janiszewska
- Department of Informatics and Medical Statistics with E-learning Laboratory, Medical University, Lublin, Poland
| | - P B Heczko
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, Cracow, 31-121, Poland
| | - J Wojkowska-Mach
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, Cracow, 31-121, Poland
| | - M Strus
- Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, Cracow, 31-121, Poland
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Plumet L, Morsli M, Ahmad-Mansour N, Clavijo-Coppens F, Berry L, Sotto A, Lavigne JP, Costechareyre D, Molle V. Isolation and Characterization of New Bacteriophages against Staphylococcal Clinical Isolates from Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Viruses 2023; 15:2287. [PMID: 38140529 PMCID: PMC10747802 DOI: 10.3390/v15122287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus sp. is the most common bacterial genus in infections related to diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria places a serious burden on public health systems. Phage therapy is an alternative treatment to antibiotics, overcoming the issue of antibiotic resistance. In this study, six phages (SAVM01 to SAVM06) were isolated from effluents and were used against a panel of staphylococcal clinical samples isolated from DFUs. A genomic analysis revealed that the phages belonged to the Herelleviridae family, with sequences similar to those of the Kayvirus genus. No lysogeny-associated genes, known virulence or drug resistance genes were identified in the phage genomes. The phages displayed a strong lytic and antibiofilm activity against DFU clinical isolates, as well as against opportunistic pathogenic coagulase-negative staphylococci. The results presented here suggest that these phages could be effective biocontrol agents against staphylococcal clinical isolates from DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Plumet
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (N.A.-M.)
| | - Madjid Morsli
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (M.M.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Nour Ahmad-Mansour
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (N.A.-M.)
| | | | - Laurence Berry
- Laboratory of Pathogen and Host Immunity, CNRS UMR5294, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Albert Sotto
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of de Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France;
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (M.M.); (J.-P.L.)
| | | | - Virginie Molle
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.P.); (N.A.-M.)
- VBIC, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Montpellier, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (M.M.); (J.-P.L.)
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21
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Agyirifo DS, Mensah TA, Senya ASY, Hounkpe A, Dornyoh CD, Otwe EP. Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of staphylococcal species isolated from foods traded in the Cape Coast metropolitan and Elmina municipality of Ghana. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21584. [PMID: 38027608 PMCID: PMC10663863 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of staphylococci on food poisoning and infections could be higher than previously reported. In this study, we characterised the occurrence and coexistence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of staphylococci isolates in foods. Staphylococci were isolated from 236 samples of selected street-vended foods and identified. The pattern of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in the staphylococci were assessed using disc diffusion, PCR and analysis of next-generation sequencing data. The food samples (70.76 %) showed a high prevalence of staphylococci and differed among the food categories. Forty-five Staphylococcus species were identified and comprised coagulase-negative and positive species. Staphylococcus sciuri (now Mammaliicoccus sciuri), S. aureus, S. kloosii, S. xylosus, S. saprophyticus, S. haemolyticus and S. succinus were the most abundant species. The staphylococcal isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin and amikacin and susceptibility to nitrofurantoin. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were also reported for cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid and piperacillin-tazobactam. The antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes commonly detected consisted of tet, arl, macB, van, gyr, nor, optrA, bcrA, blaZ, taeA and S. aureus lmrS. The isolates frequently exhibited multiple resistance (30.42 %) of up to eight antimicrobial drug classes. The isolates predominantly harboured genes that express efflux pump proteins (50.53 %) for antibiotic resistance compared with inactivation (10.05 %), target alteration (26.72 %), protection (7.67 %) and replacement (3.17 %). The virulence determinants comprised genes of pyrogenic toxin superantigens (eta, etb, tst), adhesions (clf, fnbA, fnbB, cna, map, ebp, spA, vWbp, coa) and genes that express exoproteins (nuclease, metalloprotease, γ-hemolysin, hyaluronate lyase). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of staphylococci isolates and their antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile as revealed by the phenotypic, PCR and next-generation sequencing techniques. The findings suggest a higher health risk for consumers. We recommend a critical need for awareness and antimicrobial susceptibility and anti-virulence strategies to ensure food safety and counteract the spread of this clinically relevant genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sakyi Agyirifo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Theophilus Abonyi Mensah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Andrews Senyenam Yao Senya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Alphonse Hounkpe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Cindy Deladem Dornyoh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Plas Otwe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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22
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Rhys-Williams W, Galvin HM, Love WG. Screening of the novel antimicrobial drug, XF-73, against 2,527 Staphylococcus species clinical isolates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1264456. [PMID: 37900306 PMCID: PMC10600368 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1264456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
XF-73 (exeporfinium chloride) is a synthetic, di-cationic porphyrin derivative with rapid, potent bactericidal properties and a low propensity for engendering bacterial resistance. It is being developed clinically for the decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal cavity to prevent post-operative staphylococcal infections. This study reports the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of XF-73 in comparison to 22 antibiotics against a panel of >2,500 clinical isolates composed of 16 different Coagulase-positive and -negative Staphylococcus species from 33 countries. XF-73 was found to be effective against all isolates tested, with MICs ranging between ≤0.12 - 4 µg/ml (MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.5 and 1 µg/ml respectively). XF-73 was found to be equally effective against antibiotic resistant isolates as antibiotic sensitive isolates, with no impact of pre-existing antibiotic resistance mechanisms to cell wall synthesis inhibitors (β-lactams, carbapenems, glycopeptides and cephalosporins), protein synthesis inhibitors (oxazolidinones, macrolides and tetracyclines), DNA synthesis inhibitors (fluoroquinolones) and a folate synthesis inhibitor. The panel selected also included examples of multidrug-resistant S. aureus isolates and, in all cases, the XF-73 MIC ranges were found to be similar against each of these groups. This dataset expands the knowledge of the breadth of activity of this novel antibacterial against a wide range of global S. aureus isolates and supports the potential utility of XF-73 for the treatment of patients who are S. aureus nasal carriers. Similar results were also obtained for multidrug-resistant isolates of other Staphylococcus species included in the study and collectively support the continued clinical development of XF-73 as an effective anti-staphylococcal drug.
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23
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Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Simón C, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Within-Host Diversity of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Resistome from Healthy Pigs and Pig Farmers, with the Detection of cfr-Carrying Strains and MDR- S. borealis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1505. [PMID: 37887206 PMCID: PMC10604674 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The ecology and diversity of resistome in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from healthy pigs and pig farmers are rarely available as most studies focused on the livestock-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus. This study aims to characterize the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms, intra-host species diversity (more than one species in a host), and intra-species AMR diversity (same species with more than one AMR profile) in CoNS recovered from the nasal cavities of healthy pigs and pig farmers. One-hundred-and-one CoNS strains previously recovered from 40 pigs and 10 pig farmers from four Spanish pig farms were tested to determine their AMR profiles. Non-repetitive strains were selected (n = 75) and their AMR genes, SCCmec types, and genetic lineages were analyzed by PCR/sequencing. Of the non-repetitive strains, 92% showed a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, and 52% were mecA-positive, which were associated with SCCmec types V (46.2%), IVb (20.5%), and IVc (5.1%). A total of 28% of the pigs and pig farmers had intra-host species diversity, while 26% had intra-species AMR diversity. High repertoires of AMR genes were detected, including unusual ones such as tetO, ermT, erm43, and cfr. Most important was the detection of cfr (in S. saprophyticus and S. epidermidis-ST16) in pigs and pig farmers; whereas MDR-S. borealis strains were identified in pig farmers. Pig-to-pig transmission of CoNS with similar AMR genes and SCCmec types was detected in 42.5% of pigs. The high level of multidrug, within-host, and intra-species resistome diversity in the nasal CoNS highlights their ability to be AMR gene reservoirs in healthy pigs and pig farmers. The detection of MDR-S. borealis and linezolid-resistant strains underscore the need for comprehensive and continuous surveillance of MDR-CoNS at the pig farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Carmen Simón
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (C.L.); (M.Z.)
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24
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Haddad SF, Lahr BD, Patarroyo SS, Chesdachai S, Kies KD, O’Horo JC, DeSimone DC, Sendi P, Baddour LM. Bloodstream Infection Due to Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Impact of Species on Prevalence of Infective Endocarditis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1453. [PMID: 37760749 PMCID: PMC10525567 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are an important group of organisms that can cause bloodstream infection (BSI) and infective endocarditis (IE). The prevalence of IE in patients with BSI due to different CoNS species, however, has received limited attention; (2) Methods: A retrospective study of adults with monomicrobial CoNS BSI who had undergone echocardiography and a risk factor analysis was done to determine the most common CoNS species that cause definite IE; (3) Results: 247 patients with CoNS BSI were included in the investigation; 49 (19.8%) had definite IE, 124 (50.2%) possible IE, and 74 (30.0%) BSI only. The latter two entities were grouped in one category for further analysis. The most common species in CoNS BSI was Staphylococcus epidermidis (79.4%) and most patients (83.2%) had possible IE/BSI only. 59.1% of patients with BSI due to S. lugdunensis had definite IE. The majority of CoNS were healthcare-associated/nosocomial bacteremia. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that valve disease (p = 0.002) and a foreign cardiovascular material (p < 0.001) were risk factors associated with definite IE. Patients with S. lugdunensis BSI had an 8-fold higher risk of definite IE than did those with S. epidermidis BSI and nearly a 13-fold higher risk than did patients with BSI due to other species of CoNS (p = 0.002); (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of definite IE in patients with BSI due to different CoNS species was significant. CoNS bacteremia, particularly with S. lugdunensis, confers a significant risk of IE, particularly in patients with a valve disease or intravascular foreign body material and should not be immediately dismissed as a contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F. Haddad
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.S.P.)
| | - Brian D. Lahr
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sebastian Santos Patarroyo
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.S.P.)
| | - Supavit Chesdachai
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.S.P.)
| | - Kami D. Kies
- Clinical Microbiology Core Laboratory, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - John C. O’Horo
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.S.P.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel C. DeSimone
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.S.P.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Parham Sendi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Larry M. Baddour
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.S.P.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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25
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Armeftis C, Ioannou A, Lazarou T, Giannopoulos A, Dimitriadou E, Makrides K, Pana ZD. Staphylococcus epidermidis induced toxic shock syndrome (TSS) secondary to influenza infection. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:583. [PMID: 37674134 PMCID: PMC10481523 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, few cases of TSS caused by coagulase negative (CoN) staphylococci have been reported in the literature. Recent data show that CoN staphylococci are capable of secreting a number of enterotoxins and cytotoxins, normally produced by S. aureus. Herewith, we describe a case of TSS caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis with a favorable outcome. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 46-year-old man who developed TSS from S. epidermidis. The patient was admitted for a 7-day history of general malaise and headache following a recent influenza infection and a 3-day history of vomiting, diarrhea, diffuse erythroderma, and fever. The main laboratory findings on admission were leukopenia (WBC 800/mm3), thrombocytopenia (Plt count 78.000/mm3), elevated urea, creatine levels and increased inflammatory markers (CRP 368 mg/ml). The patient had clinical and radiological evidence of pneumonia with chest computed tomography (CT) showing diffuse bilateral airspace opacifications with air bronchogram. On the second day, a methicillin resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) strain was detected in both sets of blood cultures, but the organism was unavailable for toxin testing. All other cultures and diagnostic PCR tests were negative. His clinical signs and symptoms fulfilled at that stage four out of five clinical criteria of TSS with a fever of 39 °C, diffuse erythroderma, multisystem involvement and hypotension. On the same day the patient was admitted to the ICU due to acute respiratory failure. The initial treatment was meropenem, vancomycin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, IVIG and steroids. Finger desquamation appeared on the 9th day of hospitalization, fulfilling all five clinical criteria for TSS. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first adult case with TSS induced by CoNS (MRSE) secondary to an influenza type B infection, who had favorable progression and outcome. Further research is warranted to determine how TSS is induced by the CoNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Armeftis
- Ygia Polyclinic Private Hospital, 21 Nafpliou Str, Limassol, 3025, Cyprus
- Medical School, European University, 6, Diogenous Str, Engomi, 2404, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Ioannou
- Ygia Polyclinic Private Hospital, 21 Nafpliou Str, Limassol, 3025, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | | | - Zoi Dorothea Pana
- Medical School, European University, 6, Diogenous Str, Engomi, 2404, Nicosia, Cyprus.
- Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Medical School, EUC, Engomi, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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26
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Ruiz-Romero RA, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E. Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci as a cause of mastitis in domestic ruminants: current knowledge, advances, biomedical applications, and future perspectives - a systematic review. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1067-1084. [PMID: 36964436 PMCID: PMC10038778 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-aureus staphylococci and mammaliicocci (NASM) are one of the most common causes of subclinical mastitis in dairy animals and the extent of damage by intramammary infections (IMI) caused by NASM is still under debate. The different effects of NASM on the mammary gland may be associated with differences between bacterial species. NASM are normal and abundant colonizers of humans and animals and become pathogenic only in certain situations. The veterinary interest in NASM has been intense for the last 25 years, due to the strongly increasing rate of opportunistic infections. Therefore, the objective of this review is to provide a general background of the NASM as a cause of mastitis and the most recent advances that exist to prevent and fight the biofilm formation of this group of bacteria, introduce new biomedical applications that could be used in dairy herds to reduce the risk of chronic and recurrent infections, potentially responsible for economic losses due to reduced milk production and quality. Effective treatment of biofilm infection requires a dual approach through a combination of antibiofilm and antimicrobial agents. Even though research on the development of biofilms is mainly focused on human medicine, this technology must be developed at the same time in veterinary medicine, especially in the dairy industry where IMI are extremely common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Angélica Ruiz-Romero
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Rumiantes, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad de México, 04510, México.
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, New Agriculture Building, Earley Gate, Whiteknights Road, PO Box 237, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6EU, UK.
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27
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Upadhaya S, Acharya J, Zolfo M, Nair D, Kharel M, Shrestha A, Shrestha B, Madhup SK, Raghubanshi BR, Kattel HP, Rajbhandari P, Bhandari P, Thakur S, Singh G, Shrestha L, Jha R. Has Data Quality of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal Improved between 2019 and 2022? Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:399. [PMID: 37624337 PMCID: PMC10459402 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8080399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
An operational research study was conducted in 2019 to assess the quality of data submitted by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance sites in the Bagmati Province of Nepal to the National Public Health Laboratory for Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS). Measures were implemented to enhance the quality of AMR surveillance by strengthening capacity, improving infrastructure, implementing data sharing guidelines, and supervision. The current study examined reports submitted by surveillance sites in the same province in 2022 to assess whether the data quality had improved since 2019. The availability of infrastructure at the sites was assessed. Of the nine surveillance sites in the province, seven submitted reports in 2022 versus five in 2019. Completeness in reporting improved significantly from 19% in 2019 to 100% in 2022 (p < 0.001). Timely reports were received from two sites in 2019 and only one site in 2022. Specimen-pathogen consistency in accordance with the GLASS guidelines for urine, feces, and genital swab specimens improved, with ≥90% consistency at all sites. Overall, the pathogen-antibacterial consistency improved significantly for each GLASS priority pathogen. The study highlights the importance of dedicated infrastructure and institutional arrangements for AMR surveillance. Similar assessments covering all provinces of the country can provide a more complete country-wide picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Upadhaya
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (J.A.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (R.J.)
| | - Jyoti Acharya
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (J.A.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (R.J.)
| | - Maria Zolfo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - Divya Nair
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 75001 Paris, France;
| | - Mahesh Kharel
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (J.A.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (R.J.)
| | - Anjana Shrestha
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (J.A.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (R.J.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Piyush Rajbhandari
- Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal;
| | | | - Subhash Thakur
- Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Gyani Singh
- Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Lilee Shrestha
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (J.A.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (R.J.)
| | - Runa Jha
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; (J.A.); (M.K.); (A.S.); (L.S.); (R.J.)
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Forouzani F, Khasti T, Manzouri L, Ravangard S, Shahriarirad R, Koleini M, Ayareh N, Nikbakht G. Resistance pattern of isolated microorganisms from 783 clinical specimen cultures in patients admitted to Yasuj Educational Hospitals, Iran. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:205. [PMID: 37528350 PMCID: PMC10394882 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings. Serious infection caused mostly by gram-negative pathogens causes significant morbidity. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, antimicrobial resistance kills over 700,000 people worldwide. Antibiotic resistance is on the rise, and as a consequence, serious public health issues are arising. The present study investigated isolated clinical samples from Yasuj teaching hospitals to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile to various antibiotics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microbial isolates regarding cultures from urine, blood, wound, abdominal tap, throat, stool, cerebrospinal fluid, endotracheal tube, sputum, skin lesion, nasal, and mouth secretion were collected from patients admitted to hospitals affiliated with Yasuj teaching hospitals. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined by using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Data were tabulated and analyzed with SPSS version 26.0. RESULTS A total of 783 samples were evaluated in our study, with an average of 30.6 years and 54.5% female patients. Most of the bacterial isolates were gram-negative (64.2%). The majority of cultures were Escherichia coli (49.9%), mainly among urine samples (64.2%). The frequency distribution of norfloxacin antibiotic resistance was more common in internal medicine (66.7%), infectious (63.6%), and emergency wards (58.8%). The frequency distribution of penicillin antibiotic resistance was statistically significant in different wards. All cases of oxacillin were resistant. CONCLUSION Our data showed a high level of antibiotic resistance among bacterial isolates in our center. Considering widespread empirical antibiotic therapy in Iran, the rate of increasing resistance to common antibiotics prescribed for ambulatory and hospitalized patients is concerning. We recommend providing more strict guidelines and policies to control the overuse and overprescription of antimicrobials by health policy-making organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Forouzani
- School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Tahere Khasti
- School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Leila Manzouri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sara Ravangard
- School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Reza Shahriarirad
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Koleini
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nazanin Ayareh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gordafarin Nikbakht
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
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Campmann F, Tönnies H, Böing C, Schuler F, Mellmann A, Schwierzeck V. Molecular Characterization of Clinical Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1805. [PMID: 37512978 PMCID: PMC10383320 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is part of the human skin flora but can also cause nosocomial infections, such as device-associated infections, especially in vulnerable patient groups. Here, we investigated clinical isolates of linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis (LRSE) collected from blood cultures at the University Hospital Münster (UHM) during the period 2020-2022. All detected isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) and the relatedness of the isolates was determined using core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). The 15 LRSE isolates detected were classified as multilocus sequence type (ST) 2 carrying the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type III. All isolates showed high-level resistance for linezolid by gradient tests. However, no isolate carried the cfr gene that is often associated with linezolid resistance. Analysis of cgMLST data sets revealed a cluster of six closely related LRSE isolates, suggesting a transmission event on a hematological/oncological ward at our hospital. Among the included patients, the majority of patients affected by LRSE infections had underlying hematological malignancies. This confirms previous observations that this patient group is particularly vulnerable to LRSE infection. Our data emphasize that the surveillance of LRSE in the hospital setting is a necessary step to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis among vulnerable patient groups, such as patients with hematological malignancies, immunosuppression or patients in intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Campmann
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hauke Tönnies
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Böing
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Franziska Schuler
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Vera Schwierzeck
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Höfle Ú, Cardona-Cabrera T, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Antimicrobial resistome of coagulase-negative staphylococci from nasotracheal cavities of nestlings of Ciconia ciconia in Southern Spain: Detection of mecC-SCCmec type-XI-carrying S. lentus. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 99:102012. [PMID: 37453201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of 268 non-duplicated coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) previously obtained from nasotracheal cavities of nestling storks were characterized. They included S. sciuri isolates (n = 191), and non-sciuri-CoNS isolates (NSc-CoNS, n = 77). All S. sciuri carried the intrinsic salA gene (for clindamycin-resistance) and so, clindamycin was not considered for general analysis in this species. About 71.7%/41.6% of the S. sciuri/NSc-CoNS isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics tested; moreover, 14.1%/16.9% and 3.1%/20.8% of S. sciuri/NSc-CoNS showed single antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, respectively. Of the ten mecA-positive CoNS isolates, six were associated with SCCmec types-III, -IV or -V elements. Remarkably was the detection of one MDR-S. lentus isolate carrying both mecA and mecC genes, as well as the SCCmec type-XI element. MDR-CoNS was relatively higher in nestlings of parent storks foraging in landfills (21.3%) than those in natural areas (9.7%) (χ2 = 3.421, df=1, p = 0.064). AMR phenotypes (and genes detected) include penicillin (blaZ, blaARL), erythromycin-clindamycin-constitutive (ermA, ermC, ermT), clindamycin (lnuA, salA, vgaA), erythromycin (msrA, mphC), tetracycline (tetK, tetL, tetM), tobramycin (ant4'), tobramycin-gentamicin (aac6'-aph2″), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (dfrA, dfrG, dfrK), chloramphenicol (fexA, fexB, catPC221), and mupirocin (mupA). Interestingly, one S. epidermidis isolate carried the ermT gene. About 29.9% of nestlings harboured more than one non-duplicated CoNS (with varied 2-5 AMR profiles). This study demonstrated that most of the CoNS isolates were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested (63.1%). However, AMR genes of public health importance were found, including the mecC-mediated methicillin resistance trait.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Úrsula Höfle
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology Research Group, Spanish Wildlife Research Institute IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Teresa Cardona-Cabrera
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain; SaBio (Health and Biotechnology Research Group, Spanish Wildlife Research Institute IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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Paranthaman K, Wilson A, Verlander N, Rooney G, Macdonald N, Nsonwu O, Hope R, Fleming P, Hatcher J, Ogundipe E, Ratnaraja N, Wan Y, Pichon B, Westrop SJ, Brown CS, Demirjian A. Trends in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), England, 2010-2021. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000491.v3. [PMID: 37424540 PMCID: PMC10323795 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000491.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To review the epidemiology of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in England over the recent 12 year period. Methods Laboratory-confirmed CoNS reported from sterile sites in patients in England to the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) between 2010 and 2021 were extracted from the national laboratory database and analysed. Results Overall, 668 857 episodes of CoNS were reported. Unspeciated CoNS accounted for 56 % (374 228) of episodes, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (26 %; 174 050), S. hominis (6.5 %; 43 501) and S. capitis (3.9 %; 25 773). Unspeciated CoNS increased by 8.2 % (95 % CI, 7.1-9.3) annually between 2010 and 2016, then decreased annually by 6.4 % (95 % CI: -4.8 to -7.9) until 2021. Speciated CoNS increased by 47.6 % (95 % CI, 44.5-50.9) annually between 2010 and 2016 and increased annually by 8.9 % (95 % CI: 5.1 to 12.8) until 2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles differed by species. Conclusions Reports of CoNS from normally sterile body sites in patients in England increased between 2010 and 2016 and remained stable between 2017 and 2021. There has been a striking improvement in species-level identification of CoNS in recent years. Monitoring trends in CoNS epidemiology is crucial for development of observational and clinical intervention studies on individual species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Fleming
- Homerton Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James Hatcher
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Enitan Ogundipe
- Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Natasha Ratnaraja
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Yu Wan
- U.K. Health Security Agency, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Colin S. Brown
- U.K. Health Security Agency, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alicia Demirjian
- U.K. Health Security Agency, London, UK
- Evelina London Children’s Hospital, London, UK
- King’s College London, London, UK
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Serra N, Di Carlo P, Andriolo M, Mazzola G, Diprima E, Rea T, Anastasia A, Fasciana TMA, Pipitò L, Capra G, Giammanco A, Cascio A. Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Bloodstream Infections: Frequency of Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance, 2018-2021. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1356. [PMID: 37374138 DOI: 10.3390/life13061356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abuse of antibiotics during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic might have disrupted efforts to curb the further development and spread of the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus infection and Staphylococcus spp. coagulase-negative (CoNS) agents of nosocomial bloodstream infections (NBSIs). The purpose of our work was to study the resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and CoNS through the analysis of blood cultures in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative patients (pts.). MATERIALS AND METHODS During the period January 2018-June 2021, a retrospective case-control study was performed on blood cultures positive for Staphylococcus spp. detected in 177 adult pts. (≥18 years old) hospitalized for >48 hours at Sant'Elia Hospital, Caltanissetta. RESULTS Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 33.9% of blood culture samples, and among CoNS, the most frequent strains were Staphylococcus capitis (18.6%) and Staphylococcus hominis (18.1%). Patients aged ≥ 65 years, with a greater number of males, comprised the SARS-CoV-2-negative pts. (71.8% vs. 52.2%, p = 0.0154). Among the SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, the significant resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was only observed for erythromycin (57.1%). The oxacillin resistance of Staphylococcus capitis was higher in SARS-CoV-2-positive than in negative pts. (90% and 78.3%, respectively). Comparing the two groups, we found an increase in resistance in SARS-CoV-2-negative patients for the following antibiotics: gentamicin for Staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.007), clindamycin and erythromycin (p = 0.012) for Staphylococcus hominis and oxacillin and rifampicin for Staphylococcus haemoliticus (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the relevance of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in being responsible for bloodstream infection and draws attention to highly oxacillin-resistant CoNS such as Staphylococcus capitis. The presence of resistant strains of CoNS in hospitals can be worrying, as it limits treatment options and worsens outcomes. The Infection Control Committee (ICC) recommends new treatment strategies to decrease colonization and infections. As part of the implementation of a bloodstream infection prevention program, the authors encourage the introduction of a report on the antimicrobial resistance of hospital bacteremia due to CoNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Serra
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Di Carlo
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Childhood, Internal Medicine of Excellence "G. D'Alessandro", Infectious Disease Unit, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Andriolo
- Clinical Pathology Unit, S. Elia Hospital, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mazzola
- Infectious Disease Unit, Provincial Health Authority of Caltanissetta, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Elena Diprima
- Hypatia Degree Course, Caltanissetta, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Rea
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Anastasia
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Childhood, Internal Medicine of Excellence "G. D'Alessandro", Infectious Disease Unit, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Assunta Fasciana
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Childhood, Internal Medicine of Excellence "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Pipitò
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Childhood, Internal Medicine of Excellence "G. D'Alessandro", Infectious Disease Unit, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Capra
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Childhood, Internal Medicine of Excellence "G. D'Alessandro", Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Childhood, Internal Medicine of Excellence "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Childhood, Internal Medicine of Excellence "G. D'Alessandro", Infectious Disease Unit, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Negm EM, Elgharabawy ES, Badran SG, Soliman ALZM, El Sayed AM, Raafat AON, Soliman ST, Mahmoud HM, Tawfik AE, El Hawary AT, El Hawary A, Elhewala A, El-Sokkary RH. Analysis of cumulative antibiogram reports in intensive care units at an Egyptian University Hospital. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1220-1229. [PMID: 37276716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Institutions must have access to antibiograms to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance and direct empirical antibiotic therapy. The first facility-specific cumulative antibiogram was launched in the ICU in 2019. Consequently, many antibiogram-operation-related actions have been adopted in the institution based on reported data. This study aimed to analyze the cumulative antibiogram reports for multiple intensive care units (ICUs) for 2020, and compare the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) patterns between the 2019 and 2020 years in an academic medical center. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed of routine bacterial culture and AST data extracted from a laboratory information system in a 2252-bed capacity hospital. Only the first diagnostic isolate of a given species per patient per year was included in the study. Interpretation and reporting were done in accordance with the applicable Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. RESULTS Of the 46,791 clinical isolates, the Gram-negative bacilli isolation rate witnessed a significant increase: 35,670 isolates in 2020 versus. 33,652 isolates in 2019. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a statistically significant increase, mainly in pediatric, emergency, and cardiothoracic ICUs (p < 0.001). Neonatal and pediatric ICUs showed statistically significant increases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis isolates (p < 0.001). A statistically significant decrease was noted in the prevalence of Acinetobacter, Escherichia coli, Burkholderia cepacia, and Enterobacter cloacae. The sensitivities of K. pneumoniae and E. coli to imipenem and tigecycline significantly improved (p < 0.001). The sensitivity to colistin was significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The sensitivity of P. aeruginosa isolates to colistin and carbapenems was improved (p < 0.001). We reported a statistically significant decrease in all Gram-positive cocci (11,121 in 2020 versus. 11,528 in 2019). Staphylococcus aureus showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001), particularly in the medical ICU. CONCLUSION The high susceptibility rates of Enterobacteriaceae toward colistin and tigecycline, should be cautiously considered in empiric therapy while looking for alternatives. The majority of isolates of Gram-positive cocci were coagulase negative staphylococci (CONS), we still need to confirm whether they are true pathogens or commensals before considering anti-staphylococcal agents in the empirical therapy. We underscored some corrective actions that might have improved the susceptibility rates, such as antibiotic cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essamedin M Negm
- Anasthesia, Intensive Care And Pain Management, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Aya M El Sayed
- Clinical Pharmacist, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
| | - Aya O N Raafat
- Clinical Pharmacist, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt; Clinical Nutritionists, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
| | - Sara T Soliman
- Clinical Pharmacist, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
| | - Heba M Mahmoud
- Clinical Pharmacist, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Tawfik
- Clinical Pharmacist, Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
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Ikhimiukor OO, Souza SSR, Marcovici MM, Nye GJ, Gibson R, Andam CP. Leaky barriers to gene sharing between locally co-existing coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species. Commun Biol 2023; 6:482. [PMID: 37137974 PMCID: PMC10156822 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens implicated in many human and animal infections. The evolutionary history of CoNS remains obscure because of the historical lack of recognition for their clinical importance and poor taxonomic sampling. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 191 CoNS isolates representing 15 species sampled from diseased animals diagnosed in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory. We found that CoNS are important reservoirs of diverse phages, plasmids and mobilizable genes encoding antimicrobial resistance, heavy metal resistance, and virulence. Frequent exchange of DNA between certain donor-recipient partners suggests that specific lineages act as hubs of gene sharing. We also detected frequent recombination between CoNS regardless of their animal host species, indicating that ecological barriers to horizontal gene transfer can be surmounted in co-circulating lineages. Our findings reveal frequent but structured patterns of transfer that exist within and between CoNS species, which are driven by their overlapping ecology and geographical proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odion O Ikhimiukor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Stephanie S R Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Michael M Marcovici
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Griffin J Nye
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Robert Gibson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Cheryl P Andam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
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C Silva-de-Jesus A, Rossi CC, Pereira-Ribeiro PM, Guaraldi AL, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Unusual carriage of virulence genes sasX/sesI/shsA by nosocomial Staphylococcus haemolyticus from Brazil. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:407-414. [PMID: 37213139 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an emerging threat in the nosocomial environment but only some virulence factors are known. Materials & methods: The frequency of the sasX gene (or orthologues sesI/shsA), encoding an invasiveness-related surface-associated protein, in S. haemolyticus was detected in different hospitals in Rio de Janeiro. Results: 9.4% of strains were sasX/sesI/shsA-positive, some were in the context of the ΦSPβ-like prophage and devoid of CRISPR systems, indicating potential transferability of their virulence genes. Gene sequencing evidenced that Brazilian S. haemolyticus harbored sesI, instead of the usual sasX, while S. epidermidis had sasX instead of sesI, suggesting horizontal acquisition. Conclusion: The contexts of Brazilian sasX/sesI/shsA favor transfer, which is alarming given the difficulty in treating infections caused by S. haemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Silva-de-Jesus
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ciro C Rossi
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula Ma Pereira-Ribeiro
- Centro Biomédico, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Lm Guaraldi
- Centro Biomédico, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Andrzejczuk S, Cygan M, Dłuski D, Stępień-Pyśniak D, Kosikowska U. Staphylococcal Resistance Patterns, blaZ and SCC mec Cassette Genes in the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota of Pregnant Women. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097980. [PMID: 37175688 PMCID: PMC10178740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus spp. colonising the nasopharynx can create risk factors of therapeutic treatment failure or prophylaxis in pregnant women. Resistance is mostly encoded on plasmids (e.g., blaZ gene for penicillinase synthesis) or chromosomes (e.g., mecA and mecC for methicillin resistance). The mecA gene is part of the chromosomal mec gene cassette (SCCmec), which is also located on the plasmid. The disc diffusion method for the selected drugs (beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, streptogramins, aminoglicosides, macrolides, oxasolidinones, tetracyclines and other groups) was used. PCR for blaZ, mecA and mecC genes and SCCmec cassette detection and typing were performed. S. aureus (54.4%) and S. epidermidis (27.9%) were the most prevalent and showed the highest diversity of resistance profiles. The blaZ, mecA and mecC genes were reported in 95.6%, 20.6% and 1.5% of isolates, respectively. The highest resistance was found to beta-lactams, commonly used during pregnancy. Resistance to a variety of antimicrobials, including benzylpenicillin resistance in blaZ-positive isolates, and the existence of a very high diversity of SCCmec cassette structures in all staphylococci selected from the nasopharyngeal microbiota of pregnant women were observed for the first time. Knowledge of the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant staphylococci in the nasopharynx of pregnant women may be important for the appropriate treatment or prophylaxis of this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Andrzejczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodźki Str. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Cygan
- Student Research Group at the Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodźki Str. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominik Dłuski
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Str. 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Stępień-Pyśniak
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Kosikowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodźki Str. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Evaluation of the bacterial contamination of face masks worn by personnel in a center of COVID 19 hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional study. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 52:101090. [PMID: 36744172 PMCID: PMC9883076 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the Coronavirus Pandemic, the use of masks has increased significantly. The lack of control on hygiene protocols and the need to use PPE properly increases the spread of bacterial infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of contamination and frequency of bacterial species isolated from surgical and N95 masks used by hospital personnel. Methods A total number of 175 masks were collected from staff working in Sina hospital (Hamadan province, Iran) during the first six months of 2022. The bacterial contamination of masks were evaluated and identified using biochemical kits. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates were done using Kirby-Bauer methods and MIC were assessed for each isolate against different disinfectants (Sodium hypochlorite 5%, Hydrogen Peroxide 3%, Ethanol 70% and Deconex). Results Of 175 masks, 471 bacterial isolates were detected including 9 species. The most prevalent strain were Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (28%) followed by Acinetobacter (20.8%) and Pseudomonas (13.8%), while, Klebsiealla and Enterococcus were the least frequent species with the rate of 3.8% and 1.2%, respectively. The results of MIC methods indicated that all 471 strains were resistant to ehtanol70% and sensitive to hydrogen peroxide 3%. Furthermore, the mean average of Deconex inhibitory effect is lower than Sodium hypochlorite 5%. Conclusions According to the results of this study, there was a high prevalence of CoNS, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas in hospital with a high resistance pattern against antibiotics especially Ampicillin and disinfectants.
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Munier C, Dupieux C, Kolenda C, Ranc AG, Dauwalder O, Bes M, Vandenesch F, Tristan A, Laurent F. Sensitivity of the PBP2a SA Culture Colony Test on shortly incubated subcultures of methicillin-resistant staphylococci from positive blood cultures. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 106:115917. [PMID: 36907018 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.115917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of an immunochromatographic assay for detecting methicillin resistance (PBP2a SA Culture Colony Test, Alere-Abbott) on shortly incubated subcultures of staphylococci in blood cultures was evaluated. The assay is highly sensitive for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 4 hour-subculture but requires 6 hour-incubation for methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Munier
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Dupieux
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Camille Kolenda
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Gaelle Ranc
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Dauwalder
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Michèle Bes
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - François Vandenesch
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Tristan
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
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The transmittable through stinging microbiota differs between honeybees and wasps: a potentially greater microbial risk of the wasp sting for humans. Int Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s10123-023-00332-6. [PMID: 36752864 PMCID: PMC10397125 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The present research investigated whether accidental contact through stinging with honeybees, wasps, and hornets could represent a microbial hazard for humans. It has been previously suggested that such contact may transmit pathogens causing infections that could even be fatal for some susceptible individuals. Stinging simulation experiments were performed in the lab with live insects collected from the environment in Lemnos Island (north-eastern Greece), while different selective agar media targeting some clinically important bacteria (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis/faecium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used as substrates for microbial recovery and identification. Results revealed none of the target pathogenic bacterial species in the honeybee samples, with bacilli, staphylococci, and micrococci dominating their surveyed microbiota. However, most of the suspect colonies isolated from wasps and hornets belonged to important hygienic indicators (i.e., enterococci, Proteus mirabilis, and coliforms), implying possible contact of these insects with fecal origin materials. To sum up, the microbiota that may be transmitted to humans through stinging appears to differ between honeybees and wasps/hornets, while the isolation from the latter samples of some other important opportunistic pathogens, such as Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp., also known for multidrug resistance, could be an additional reason of concern.
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Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Simon C, Latorre-Fernandez J, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Nasal staphylococci community of healthy pigs and pig-farmers in Aragon (Spain). Predominance and within-host resistome diversity in MRSA-CC398 and MSSA-CC9 lineages. One Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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Jiang F, Su X, Dai Y, Shen H, Hu J, Wu L, Wu Y, Zhan S. Analysis of pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance at infected sites in plastic surgery. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1575-1584. [PMID: 36606385 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE By analyzing the distribution and drug resistance of common pathogen in different sites in plastic surgery to provide reference for clinicians to choose the best antibacterial treatment plan. METHODS Pathogens of postoperative infection in plastic surgery from January 2011 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed to determine the species and quantity, and to access the trend of each pathogen's detection rate. The antibiotic sensitivity and distribution characteristics of common pathogens were studied in conjunction with the site of infection. RESULTS A total of 1709 bacterial strains were detected, including 1244 gram-positive bacterial strains and 465 gram-negative bacterial strains. The main pathogen of perineum was Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), while Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was the most common pathogen in the other infected sites. The detection rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus (MRCNS) was on the rise from 2011 to 2021. No S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) strains were resistant to vancomycin. The sensitive rate of S. aureus from all parts and CoNS from all sites except lower limbs and mandible was higher than 80% to linezolid. The resistance rate of S. aureus and CoNS in all parts to penicillin, clindamycin, and erythromycin was high. The susceptibility rate of CoNS in lower mandible was high to gentamicin. CONCLUSIONS Staphylococcus aureus was the primary pathogen of gram-positive bacteria in all site of plastic surgery except perineum, followed by CoNS. The distribution and drug resistance of pathogen in different infection sites were different. We should formulate more accurate and reasonable antibacterial programs according to drug resistance results of various parts to reduce the emergence of resistant strains and effectively prevent and control infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueshang Su
- Department of Cicatrix Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuduo Dai
- Department of Hair, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Disease, The Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - Hang Shen
- Outpatient Department, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jintian Hu
- Department of Cicatrix Minimally Invasive Treatment Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingsong Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sien Zhan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Kennedy KM, de Goffau MC, Perez-Muñoz ME, Arrieta MC, Bäckhed F, Bork P, Braun T, Bushman FD, Dore J, de Vos WM, Earl AM, Eisen JA, Elovitz MA, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Gänzle MG, Garrett WS, Hall LJ, Hornef MW, Huttenhower C, Konnikova L, Lebeer S, Macpherson AJ, Massey RC, McHardy AC, Koren O, Lawley TD, Ley RE, O'Mahony L, O'Toole PW, Pamer EG, Parkhill J, Raes J, Rattei T, Salonen A, Segal E, Segata N, Shanahan F, Sloboda DM, Smith GCS, Sokol H, Spector TD, Surette MG, Tannock GW, Walker AW, Yassour M, Walter J. Questioning the fetal microbiome illustrates pitfalls of low-biomass microbial studies. Nature 2023; 613:639-649. [PMID: 36697862 PMCID: PMC11333990 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Whether the human fetus and the prenatal intrauterine environment (amniotic fluid and placenta) are stably colonized by microbial communities in a healthy pregnancy remains a subject of debate. Here we evaluate recent studies that characterized microbial populations in human fetuses from the perspectives of reproductive biology, microbial ecology, bioinformatics, immunology, clinical microbiology and gnotobiology, and assess possible mechanisms by which the fetus might interact with microorganisms. Our analysis indicates that the detected microbial signals are likely the result of contamination during the clinical procedures to obtain fetal samples or during DNA extraction and DNA sequencing. Furthermore, the existence of live and replicating microbial populations in healthy fetal tissues is not compatible with fundamental concepts of immunology, clinical microbiology and the derivation of germ-free mammals. These conclusions are important to our understanding of human immune development and illustrate common pitfalls in the microbial analyses of many other low-biomass environments. The pursuit of a fetal microbiome serves as a cautionary example of the challenges of sequence-based microbiome studies when biomass is low or absent, and emphasizes the need for a trans-disciplinary approach that goes beyond contamination controls by also incorporating biological, ecological and mechanistic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus C de Goffau
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peer Bork
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Yonsei Frontier Lab (YFL), Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Department of Obstetrics and Experimental Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederic D Bushman
- Department of Microbiology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel Dore
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MetaGenoPolis, AgroParisTech, MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ashlee M Earl
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Eisen
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michal A Elovitz
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie C Ganal-Vonarburg
- Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael G Gänzle
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine and Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mathias W Hornef
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrew J Macpherson
- Department for Biomedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruth C Massey
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alice Carolyn McHardy
- Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover Braunschweig site, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Trevor D Lawley
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth E Ley
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeroen Raes
- VIB Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Rattei
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eran Segal
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Fergus Shanahan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordon C S Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harry Sokol
- Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, INSERM and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerald W Tannock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alan W Walker
- Gut Health Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Moran Yassour
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, IMRIC, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jens Walter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Ocloo R, Nyasinga J, Munshi Z, Hamdy A, Marciniak T, Soundararajan M, Newton-Foot M, Ziebuhr W, Shittu A, Revathi G, Abouelfetouh A, Whitelaw A. Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus from domestic animals and livestock in Africa: a systematic review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1059054. [PMID: 36583033 PMCID: PMC9792789 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1059054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococci other than Staphylococcus aureus (SOSA) in animals are becoming more pathogenic and antibiotic resistant and can potentially disseminate to humans. However, there is little synthesized information regarding SOSA from animals in Africa. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of SOSA in companion animals (pets) and livestock in Africa. Method This systematic review (PROSPERO-CRD42021252303) was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, and 75 eligible studies from 13 countries were identified until August 2022. Three electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science) were employed. Results The frequently isolated SOSA were S. epidermidis, S. intermedius, S. pseudintermedius, S. xylosus, S. chromogenes, S. hyicus, M. sciuri, S. hominis, and S. haemolyticus. Thirty (40%) studies performed antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). Penicillin (58%) and tetracycline (28%) resistance were most common across all SOSA with high rates of resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides in some species. Resistance to last-resort antibiotics such as linezolid and fusidic acid were also reported. Limited data on strain typing and molecular resistance mechanisms precluded analysis of the clonal diversity of SOSA on the continent. Conclusion The findings of this review indicate that research on livestock-associated SOSA in Africa is lacking in some regions such as Central and Western Africa, furthermore, research on companion animals and more advanced methods for identification and strain typing of SOSA need to be encouraged. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42021252303.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remous Ocloo
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Justin Nyasinga
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Pan African University, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zubair Munshi
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aisha Hamdy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tessa Marciniak
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Mae Newton-Foot
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wilma Ziebuhr
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Adebayo Shittu
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Gunturu Revathi
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alaa Abouelfetouh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt
| | - Andrew Whitelaw
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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Li L, Ma J, Guo P, Gao K, Yang J, Sun H. Changes of coagulase-negative Staphylococci infections in children before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Zhengzhou, China. J Infect 2022; 86:154-225. [PMID: 36521565 PMCID: PMC9742061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jiayue Ma
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengbo Guo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaijie Gao
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junmei Yang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Sun
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Popa-Fotea NM, Scafa-Udriste A, Iulia G, Scarlatescu AI, Oprescu N, Mihai C, Micheu MM. Increasing clinical impact and microbiological difficulties in diagnosing coagulase-negative staphylococci in infective endocarditis - a review starting from a series of cases. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:2077-2083. [PMID: 36073863 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2122673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are an emergent aetiology of infective endocarditis (IE) on native valves in previously healthy individuals, its presence is associated with prosthetic valves or with other cardiac implants. The identification of CoNS in cultures was customarily seen as contamination, but more recent epidemiological studies have revealed an increasing number of causative and virulent new CoNS species. Starting from two clinical cases of community-acquired CoNS IE on native valves, the review debates the difficulties in identifying CoNS as the causal pathogens, comprising differentiation of contamination from infection in IE, alongside the challenges raised by antibiotic resistance. Even if the risk of CoNS IE is more increased in subjects with prosthetic materials or other foreign devices and immunodeficiencies, native valve infections with these staphylococci are increasing and should be considered important pathogens in IE. Despite the lack of sensitive and specific tools to correctly differentiate contamination from infection in CoNS endocarditis, a comprehensive evaluation with clinical and paraclinical data accurately succeeds in establishing the diagnosis. The genetic profile of CoNS predisposes to antibiotic multi-resistance, making the treatment of IE challenging; the rapid identification of antibiotic susceptibility is essential to prescribe the appropriate therapy and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Monica Popa-Fotea
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
- Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Scafa-Udriste
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", Bucharest, Romania
- Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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Ahmad S, Rahman H, Qasim M, Nawab J, Alzahrani KJ, Alsharif KF, Alzahrani FM. Staphylococcus epidermidis Pathogenesis: Interplay of icaADBC Operon and MSCRAMMs in Biofilm Formation of Isolates from Pediatric Bacteremia in Peshawar, Pakistan. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1510. [PMID: 36363467 PMCID: PMC9696285 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen from pediatric bacteremia that is commonly isolated. Biofilm is the major virulence factor of S. epidermidis; however, the role of biofilm determinants in biofilm formation is highly contradictory and diverse. The current study aimed to investigate the role of polysaccharide-dependent and polysaccharide-independent pathogenic determinants in biofilm formation under physiological stress conditions. Materials and Methods: The isolates (n = 75) were identified and screened for the icaADBC operon, IS256, and an array of MSCRAMMs (Microbial Surface Component Recognizing Adhesive Matrix Molecules) through PCR analysis. The activity of the icaADBC operon was detected by Congo red assay, and the biofilm formation was analyzed through microtiter plate assay. Results: S. epidermidis isolates produced biofilm (n = 65; 86.6%) frequently. The icaA was the major representative module of the actively expressing icaADBC operon (n = 21; 80.7% sensitivity). The MSCRAMMs, including fbe (n = 59; 90.7%; p = 0.007), and embp (n = 57; 87.6%; p = 0.026), were highly prevalent and associated with biofilm positive S. epidermidis. The prevalence of icaADBC operon in biofilm positive and negative S. epidermidis was not significant (n = 41; 63%; p = 0.429). No significant association was found between IS256 and actively complete icaADBC operon (n = 10; 47.6%; p = 0.294). In the presence of 5% human plasma and glucose stress, S. epidermidis produced a strong biofilm (n = 55; 84.6%). Conclusion: The polysaccharide-dependent biofilm formation is significantly replaced (n = 21; 28%; p = 0.149) by a polysaccharide-independent mechanism (n = 59; 90.7%; p = 0.007), in which the MSCRAMMs might actively play their role. The fibrinogen-binding protein and extracellular matrix-binding protein might be potential anti-biofilm drug targets, markers of rapid diagnosis, and potential vaccine candidates of S. epidermidis involved in pediatric bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghir Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Hazir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Development and Evaluation of Duplex MIRA-qPCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus Staphylococci. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091734. [PMID: 36144336 PMCID: PMC9502308 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus spp., especially Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), is an important pathogen in hospital-acquired infection and food poisoning. Here, we developed a multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification combined with duplex quantitative PCR (duplex MIRA-qPCR) method, which can simultaneously detect the S. aureus species-specific conserved gene FMN-bgsfp and the Staphylococcus genus-specific conserved gene tuf. This assay enabled the amplification of DNA within 20 min at a constant temperature of 39 °C. Specificity analysis indicated that all nine common Staphylococcus species were positive and non-Staphylococcus spp. were negative for tuf gene, whereas S. aureus was positive, non-aureus Staphylococci species and non-Staphylococcus spp. were negative for FMN-bgsfp gene, suggesting that duplex MIRA-qPCR exhibited high specificity. Meanwhile, the sensitivity was tested and the limit of detection (LoD) was 3 × 102 CFU/mL. The coefficient variation values ranged from 0.13% to 2.09%, indicating that the assay had good repeatability. Furthermore, all the nine common Staphylococcus species (including S. aureus) could be detected from four kinds of simulated samples and the LoD of S. aureus was 8.56 × 103 CFU/mL. In conclusion, the duplex MIRA-qPCR has advantages of stronger specificity, lower detection threshold, shorter detection time, and simpler operation, which is an effective tool to detect S. aureus and non-aureus Staphylococci spp. infections rapidly.
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Karakulska J, Woroszyło M, Szewczuk M, Fijałkowski K. Identification, Superantigen Toxin Gene Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococci Isolated from Polish Primitive Sheep Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162139. [PMID: 36009729 PMCID: PMC9404845 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze staphylococcal microbiota of the nasal cavity of the primitive sheep breeds Polish Świniarka and Wrzosówka kept on the same ecological farm. The research included the identification of staphylococcal species, evaluation of the prevalence of genes encoding enterotoxins, staphylococcal enterotoxin-like proteins, exfoliative toxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and detection of antimicrobial resistance. From 61 swab samples gathered from Świniarka (33) and Wrzosówka (28) healthy sheep, 127 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were isolated. Based on PCR-RFLP analysis of the gap gene using AluI and HpyCH4V enzymes, the isolates were identified as: Staphylococcus xylosus (33.9%), S. equorum (29.1%), S. arlettae (15%), S. warneri (9.4%), S. lentus (7.9%), S. succinus (3.9%) and S. sciuri (0.8%). Three of these species, S. lentus, S. succinus, and S. sciuri, were detected only from the Świniarka breed. It was found that 77.2% of isolates harbored from 1 to 7 out of 21 analyzed genes for superantigenic toxins. The greatest diversity of toxin genes was recorded for S. equorum (16 different genes). The most prevalent gene was ser (40.2%). The incidence and number of resistances to antimicrobials were found to be bacterial species but not sheep breed dependent. The highest percentage of resistance was found for S. sciuri. The most frequent resistance was observed to clindamycin (45.7%). The findings of this study prove that toxigenic and antimicrobial resistant CoNS can colonize the nasal cavity of healthy sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Karakulska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Woroszyło
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szewczuk
- Department of Ruminant Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karol Fijałkowski
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Yang C, Anahtar MN, Pierce VM. It’s not you, it’s SOSA: a case study on breaking up with an FDA-cleared susceptibility testing system’s oxacillin results for Staphylococcus spp. other than S. aureus and S. lugdunensis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac421. [PMID: 36119961 PMCID: PMC9472662 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2021, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute revised its susceptible oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoint for Staphylococcus spp. other than S. aureus and S. lugdunensis (SOSA) from ≤0.25 to ≤0.5 µg/mL. Here, we describe the response to this breakpoint change, which at the time of this study was not yet recognized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in our laboratory, where the primary method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of SOSA is VITEK 2. VITEK 2 uses the Automated Expert System (AES) to integrate the results of oxacillin MIC and cefoxitin screen tests into a final interpretation; our laboratory also adjudicates discordant oxacillin and cefoxitin results using a PBP2a test. Methods We retrospectively reviewed and assessed the yield of PBP2a testing for 189 SOSA isolates with discordant (when applying the FDA susceptible oxacillin breakpoint of ≤0.25 µg/mL) VITEK 2 oxacillin and cefoxitin results, and then prospectively incorporated PBP2a testing for isolates with oxacillin MICs of 0.5 µg/mL and positive cefoxitin screens into our algorithm. Results Compared with accepting the VITEK 2 AES interpretation, PBP2a testing substantially improved the accuracy of mecA-mediated resistance classification in both scenarios, especially for the ∼4.7% of isolates with oxacillin MICs ≤0.5 µg/mL and positive cefoxitin screens. Conclusions Although detection of mecA or PBP2a is the gold standard for assessment of β-lactam resistance in staphylococci, targeting a subset of isolates for mecA or PBP2a testing based on phenotypic AST results that predict an increased risk of misclassification may be a pragmatic, labor- and cost-saving approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yang
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
| | - Melis N Anahtar
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
| | - Virginia M Pierce
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, MassGeneral Hospital for Children , Boston, Massachusetts , USA
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Villarreal-Salazar V, Bocanegra-Ibarias P, Villarreal-Treviño L, Salas-Treviño D, Morfin-Otero R, Camacho-Ortiz A, Flores-Treviño S. Improvement of antimicrobial susceptibility testing in biofilm-growingcoagulase-negative Staphylococcus hominis. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 198:106493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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