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Bastidas-Caldes C, Vasco-Julio D, Huilca-Ibarra M, Guerrero-Freire S, Ledesma-Bravo Y, de Waard JH. Addressing the Concern of Orange-Yellow Fungus Growth on Palm Kernel Cake: Safeguarding Dairy Cattle Diets for Mycotoxin-Producing Fungi. Microorganisms 2024; 12:937. [PMID: 38792767 PMCID: PMC11124023 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Palm kernel cake (PKC), a byproduct of palm oil extraction, serves an important role in Ecuador's animal feed industry. The emergence of yellow-orange fungal growth in PKC on some cattle farms in Ecuador sparked concerns within the cattle industry regarding a potential mycotoxin-producing fungus on this substrate. Due to the limited availability of analytical chemistry techniques in Ecuador for mycotoxin detection, we chose to isolate and identify the fungus to determine its association with mycotoxin-producing genera. Through molecular identification via ITS region sequencing, we identified the yellow-orange fungus as the yeast Candida ethanolica. Furthermore, we isolated two other fungi-the yeast Pichia kudriavzevii, and the fungus Geotrichum candidum. Molecular identification confirmed that all three species are not classified as mycotoxin-producing fungi but in contrast, the literature indicates that all three have demonstrated antifungal activity against Aspergillus and Penicillium species, genera associated with mycotoxin production. This suggests their potential use in biocontrol to counter the colonization of harmful fungi. We discuss preventive measures against the fungal invasion of PKC and emphasize the importance of promptly identifying fungi on this substrate. Rapid recognition of mycotoxin-producing and pathogenic genera holds the promise of mitigating cattle intoxication and the dissemination of mycotoxins throughout the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bastidas-Caldes
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (C.B.-C.); (M.H.-I.); or (S.G.-F.); (Y.L.-B.)
| | - David Vasco-Julio
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62050, Mexico
| | - Maria Huilca-Ibarra
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (C.B.-C.); (M.H.-I.); or (S.G.-F.); (Y.L.-B.)
| | - Salomé Guerrero-Freire
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (C.B.-C.); (M.H.-I.); or (S.G.-F.); (Y.L.-B.)
- Programa de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1063ACV, Argentina
| | - Yanua Ledesma-Bravo
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (C.B.-C.); (M.H.-I.); or (S.G.-F.); (Y.L.-B.)
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- One Health Research Group, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (C.B.-C.); (M.H.-I.); or (S.G.-F.); (Y.L.-B.)
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Barh D, Aburjaile FF, Tavares TS, da Silva ME, Bretz GPM, Rocha IFM, Dey A, de Souza RP, Góes-Neto A, Ribeiro SP, Alzahrani KJ, Alghamdi AA, Alzahrani FM, Halawani IF, Tiwari S, Aljabali AAA, Lundstrom K, Azevedo V, Ganguly NK. Indian food habit & food ingredients may have a role in lowering the severity & high death rate from COVID-19 in Indians: findings from the first nutrigenomic analysis. Indian J Med Res 2023; 157:293-303. [PMID: 37102510 PMCID: PMC10438415 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1701_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives During the COVID-19 pandemic, the death rate was reportedly 5-8 fold lower in India which is densely populated as compared to less populated western countries. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary habits were associated with the variations in COVID-19 severity and deaths between western and Indian population at the nutrigenomics level. Methods In this study nutrigenomics approach was applied. Blood transcriptome of severe COVID-19 patients from three western countries (showing high fatality) and two datasets from Indian patients were used. Gene set enrichment analyses were performed for pathways, metabolites, nutrients, etc., and compared for western and Indian samples to identify the food- and nutrient-related factors, which may be associated with COVID-19 severity. Data on the daily consumption of twelve key food components across four countries were collected and a correlation between nutrigenomics analyses and per capita daily dietary intake was investigated. Results Distinct dietary habits of Indians were observed, which may be associated with low death rate from COVID-19. Increased consumption of red meat, dairy products and processed foods by western populations may increase the severity and death rate by activating cytokine storm-related pathways, intussusceptive angiogenesis, hypercapnia and enhancing blood glucose levels due to high contents of sphingolipids, palmitic acid and byproducts such as CO2 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Palmitic acid also induces ACE2 expression and increases the infection rate. Coffee and alcohol that are highly consumed in western countries may increase the severity and death rates from COVID-19 by deregulating blood iron, zinc and triglyceride levels. The components of Indian diets maintain high iron and zinc concentrations in blood and rich fibre in their foods may prevent CO2 and LPS-mediated COVID-19 severity. Regular consumption of tea by Indians maintains high high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low triglyceride in blood as catechins in tea act as natural atorvastatin. Importantly, regular consumption of turmeric in daily food by Indians maintains strong immunity and curcumin in turmeric may prevent pathways and mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity and lowered the death rate. Interpretation & conclusions Our results suggest that Indian food components suppress cytokine storm and various other severity related pathways of COVID-19 and may have a role in lowering severity and death rates from COVID-19 in India as compared to western populations. However, large multi-centered case-control studies are required to support our current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics & Applied Biotechnology, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
- Department of Genetics, Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávia Figueira Aburjaile
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thais Silva Tavares
- Department of Laboratory of Algorithms in Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Igor Fernando Martins Rocha
- Department of Centre of Research on Health Vulnerability, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Annesha Dey
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics & Applied Biotechnology, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Renan Pedra de Souza
- Department of Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Department of Genetics, Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro
- Department of Laboratory of Ecology of Diseases & Forests, Nucleus of Biological Research, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Faisal Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Department of Post-Graduation Programs in Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology and Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology & Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nirmal Kumar Ganguly
- Policy Center for Biomedical Research, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Effects of palm kernel cake on nutrient utilization and performance of grazing and confined cattle: a meta-analysis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:110. [PMID: 36917341 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary palm kernel cake inclusion (PKCInclusion) on the nutrient intake and digestibility, as well as on the performance of cattle under grazing and confined systems. Additionally, potential maximum safe levels (MSL) for PKCInclusion were explored for cattle under those systems using a broken-line approach. Overall, 22 studies for 85 treatment means and 747 experimental units were included in the dataset used for the meta-analysis in which, quantitative responses to increasing PKCInclusion levels were fitted using a mixed model, considering the study as a random effect. Additionally, all studies tested a treatment without the inclusion of PKC (PKCInclusion = 0 g/kg DM) in the concentrate and total mixed ration fed to grazing and confined animals, respectively. In grazing animals, intake, and digestibility of dry matter (DM), as well as intake of total digestible nutrient (TDN) and digestibility of crude protein (CP) decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as PKCInclusion increased. Conversely, the intake and digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased linearly (P < 0.01). Additionally, the intake of CP showed a quadratic decreasing pattern (P < 0.01) with the increase in dietary PKCInclusion. In confined animals, intake of DM, CP, NDF, and TDN revealed quadratic patterns (P < 0.01) as PKCInclusion increased. The digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, as well as TDN concentration showed a linear decreasing pattern (P < 0.05) as PKCInclusion increased. For performance, data revealed that average daily gain (ADG) decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in grazing and confined animals with the increase in PKCInclusion. Feed efficiency (FE) decreased linearly (P < 0.01) in grazing animals, whereas it showed a linear increase (P < 0.05) in confined animals. Exploration of the quadratic relationships of intake of DM, CP, NDF, and TDN with PKCInclusion in confined animals revealed MSL values for PKC ranging from 85.56 ± 14.2 to 126.4 ± 14.7 g PKC/kg DM. In grazing animals, exploration of the quadratic relationship of intake of CP with PKCInclusion, revealed an MSL value of 96.23 ± 9.01 g PKC/kg DM. In conclusion, data revealed that the use of PKC in both confined and grazing systems reduces the nutrient utilization and performance of cattle in a dose-dependent manner without a maximum safe level that does not reduce animal performance.
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Collins S, Stuart B, Ueland M. The use of lipids from textiles as soft-tissue biomarkers of human decomposition. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 343:111547. [PMID: 36608407 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability to determine the post-mortem interval (PMI) in complex death investigations involving human remains, is a vital task faced by law enforcement. Establishing the PMI in a case can significantly aid in the reconstruction of forensically relevant events surrounding that death. However, due to the complexities surrounding the decomposition of human remains, the determination of the PMI still remains a challenge in some cases. Thus, the identification of biomarkers of human decomposition are an emerging, and essential, area of research. Previous studies have also demonstrated great success in the use of textiles as a host to indirectly capture decomposition by-products. This study reports the successful adaptation and optimisation of an analytical chemical workflow for the targeted analysis of lipids from textiles associated with decomposing human remains using gas-chromatography (GC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). This study discusses novel information regarding the complex challenges of matrix effects observed with decomposition samples. In addition, the first lipid profiles obtained from textiles associated with two decomposing human donors from the Australian Facility for Taphonomic Experimental Research (AFTER) using GC-MS/MS are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharni Collins
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Barbara Stuart
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Maiken Ueland
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Lima Maciel D, Castillo Vargas JA, Mezzomo R, Sundfeld da Gama MA, Leite LC, Rodrigues de Castro ÍR, Sampaio Oliveira LR, Costa Farias ML, dos Santos Luz WB, Alves KS. Physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory attributes of Minas frescal cheese from grazing cows fed a supplement containing different levels of babassu coconut (Orbignya speciosa). Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Tiplady KM, Trinh MH, Davis SR, Sherlock RG, Spelman RJ, Garrick DJ, Harris BL. Pregnancy status predicted using milk mid-infrared spectra from dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3615-3632. [PMID: 35181140 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Accurate and timely pregnancy diagnosis is an important component of effective herd management in dairy cattle. Predicting pregnancy from Fourier-transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy data is of particular interest because the data are often already available from routine milk testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well pregnancy status could be predicted in a large data set of 1,161,436 FT-MIR milk spectra records from 863,982 mixed-breed pasture-based New Zealand dairy cattle managed within seasonal calving systems. Three strategies were assessed for defining the nonpregnant cows when partitioning the records according to pregnancy status in the training population. Two of these used records for cows with a subsequent calving only, whereas the third also included records for cows without a subsequent calving. For each partitioning strategy, partial least squares discriminant analysis models were developed, whereby spectra from all the cows in 80% of herds were used to train the models, and predictions on cows in the remaining herds were used for validation. A separate data set was also used as a secondary validation, whereby pregnancy diagnosis had been assigned according to the presence of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) in the milk samples. We examined different ways of accounting for stage of lactation in the prediction models, either by including it as an effect in the prediction model, or by pre-adjusting spectra before fitting the model. For a subset of strategies, we also assessed prediction accuracies from deep learning approaches, utilizing either the raw spectra or images of spectra. Across all strategies, prediction accuracies were highest for models using the unadjusted spectra as model predictors. Strategies for cows with a subsequent calving performed well in herd-independent validation with sensitivities above 0.79, specificities above 0.91 and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values over 0.91. However, for these strategies, the specificity to predict nonpregnant cows in the external PAG data set was poor (0.002-0.04). The best performing models were those that included records for cows without a subsequent calving, and used unadjusted spectra and days in milk as predictors, with consistent results observed across the training, herd-independent validation and PAG data sets. For the partial least squares discriminant analysis model, sensitivity was 0.71, specificity was 0.54 and AUC values were 0.68 in the PAG data set; and for an image-based deep learning model, the sensitivity was 0.74, specificity was 0.52 and the AUC value was 0.69. Our results demonstrate that in pasture-based seasonal calving herds, confounding between pregnancy status and spectral changes associated with stage of lactation can inflate prediction accuracies. When the effect of this confounding was reduced, prediction accuracies were not sufficiently high enough to use as a sole indicator of pregnancy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Tiplady
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Private Bag 3016, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; School of Agriculture, Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - M-H Trinh
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Private Bag 3016, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - S R Davis
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Private Bag 3016, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - R G Sherlock
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Private Bag 3016, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - R J Spelman
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Private Bag 3016, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - D J Garrick
- School of Agriculture, Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - B L Harris
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Private Bag 3016, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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Performance, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance and Ingestive Behavior of Young Feedlot Bulls Supplemented with Palm Kernel Oil. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040429. [PMID: 35203137 PMCID: PMC8868393 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Vegetable oil can be used to increase energy density in diets; manipulate ruminal fermentation; alter nutrient degradation, digestion and absorption; and improve carcass characteristics and quality. Palm kernel oil (PKO) is extracted from the fruit of the oil palm (Elaeis guineenses), a plant of African origin adapted to tropical regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate PKO as a supplementary fat source in ruminant diets. Thus, two studies were developed to understand the effects of PKO inclusion on performance, ingestive behavior, nutrient digestibility, fermentation parameters and carcass characteristics. The results showed a reduction in dry matter intake with consequent negative effects on digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics due to the dietary inclusion of PKO. However, the addition of the lipid source reduced protozoa counts and the acetate/propionate ratio, important characteristics for reducing ruminal methanogenesis, in further studies. Abstract Vegetable oils can be used to increase energy density in diets; manipulate rumen fermentation; and alter the capacity for degradation, digestion and absorption of nutrients. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate palm kernel oil (PKO) in the diet of confined bulls with the inclusion of 0.0, 11.5, 23.0 and 34.6 g PKO/kg dry matter (DM). The first experiment evaluated nutrient intake, performance, ingestive behavior and carcass characteristics. In the second experiment, steers crossbred with a ruminal cannula were used to evaluate digestibility, nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis, short-chain fatty acid levels and protozoal counts. The results showed that the inclusion of PKO linearly reduced intake in kg/day (DM, crude protein—CP, neutral detergent fiber—NDFap, nonfibrous carbohydrates—NFC and total digestible nutrient—TDN) and digestibility (DM, NDFap and TDN). Ether extract intake increased quadratically with the predicted maximum intake of 15.4 g/kg DM. Regarding ingestive behavior, there was a quadratic increase in rumination time and a quadratic reduction in idle time. Nitrogen balance, nitrogen intake, nitrogen retention, microbial protein production, acetate, butyrate, acetate/propionate ratio and protozoa count showed linear decreases due to dietary PKO inclusion. Regarding the carcass characteristics, linear decreases were observed for the final weight, average daily gain, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, hot carcass yield, cold carcass yield, loin eye area and subcutaneous fat thickness. The inclusion of PKO at up to 34.6 g/kg DM in diets for confined bulls reduces intake, negatively affecting digestibility, performance and carcass characteristics.
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Santos GCDL, Gonzaga Neto S, Bezerra LR, de Medeiros AN, de Carvalho FFR, de Oliveira JS. Intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter, milk production, and composition of cows fed with diets containing oilseed cakes: A meta-analysis. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13758. [PMID: 35932203 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oilseed cakes can partially replace corn or soy used in the diet without losing animal performance. The objective was to carry out a meta-analysis and principal component analysis to evaluate the effects of cakes on the intake and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter (DM) and milk production and composition in lactating dairy cows. The data set used in the meta-analysis came from 51 studies published between 2009 and 2019, which resulted in 119 studies with 18 types of cakes evaluated in 1350 cows. Cows fed with cakes increased dry matter intake (DMI) by 0.366 kg d-1 (P < 0.001) and DMI as a function of the animal's body weight by 0.103% (P < 0.0001) compared with the diet without cake. The milk protein content decreased by 0.050% (P < 0.010). The contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (26%-%) and ether extract (EE) (3%-7%) of the cake diets did not affect ADCDM. Cakes with contents between 10% and 30% can replace corn or soy in the diet without affecting milk production, components (fat, protein, and lactose), and contents (fat and lactose), but it can reduce the milk protein content of milk.
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Palm Kernel Cake in Diets for Lactating Goats: Qualitative Aspects of Milk and Cheese. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123501. [PMID: 34944277 PMCID: PMC8697908 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Feedlotting lactating goats is a strategy to improve their productivity and the quality of their milk and dairy products. However, feedlotting is associated with increases in production costs, due mainly to the concentrate component of the diet. The use of agro-industrial byproducts allows the reduction of feed costs by replacing costly ingredients, as the former are more easily accessible. We tested the dietary inclusion of palm kernel cake (PKC), a byproduct of the biofuel industry, at the levels of 0, 80, 160 and 240 g kg−1, to evaluate its impact on the qualitative aspects of milk and cheese. The inclusion of up to 80 g kg−1 PKC is recommended for the diet of goats whose milk will be used in the production of Minas Frescal cheese. Abstract We investigated the effect of including palm kernel cake (PKC) at the levels of 0, 80, 160 and 240 g kg−1 in the diet of lactating goats on the quality and sensory parameters of Minas Frescal cheese. Twelve goats were used in a triple 4 × 4 Latin square design. The dietary addition of PKC was associated with a reduction in moisture (p = 0.004), which compromised the cheese yield (p = 0.030). The ether extract content showed a quadratic response. There was a decrease in caproic (p = 0.014), caprylic (p = 0.011), capric (p = 0.003) and palmitic (p = 0.049) acids and an increase in lauric (p = 0.012) and myristic (p = 0.02) acids. Monounsaturated fatty acids increased (p = 0.008), whereas the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (p = 0.022) and thrombogenicity index (p = 0.023) decreased. Principal component analysis indicated that control treatment and the treatment with 80 g kg−1 PKC were the most acceptable to the cheese tasters. The use of palm kernel cake is a good alternative for lactating goats when added to the diet at levels up to 80 g kg−1.
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Palm oil cake in milk production and quality of dairy cows: Systematic review, meta-analysis and principal component analysis. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Moscovici Joubran A, Pierce KM, Garvey N, Shalloo L, O'Callaghan TF. Invited review: A 2020 perspective on pasture-based dairy systems and products. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7364-7382. [PMID: 33865573 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Grazing pasture is the basis for dairy production systems in regions with temperate climates, such as in Ireland, New Zealand, parts of Australia, the United States, and Europe. Milk and dairy products from cows on pasture-based farms predominantly consuming fresh grazed grass (typically classified as "grass-fed" milk) have been previously shown to possess a different nutrient profile, with potential nutritional benefits, compared with conventional milk derived from total mixed ration. Moreover, pasture-based production systems are considered more environmentally and animal welfare friendly by consumers. As such, there is significant potential for market capitalization on grass-fed dairy products. As competition in this space increases, the regulations of what constitutes as grass-fed vary between different regions of the world. With this in mind, there is a need for clear and independently accredited grass-fed standards, defining the grass-fed criteria for labeling of products as such, subsequently increasing the clarity and confidence for the consumer. This review outlines the numerous effects of pasture production systems on dairy product composition, nutritional profile, and sustainability, and highlights potential future methods for authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Moscovici Joubran
- Food For Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Karina M Pierce
- Food For Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Garvey
- Food For Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Laurence Shalloo
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Tom F O'Callaghan
- Food For Health Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland; School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland.
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Effects of palm kernel cake in high-concentrate diets on carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot goats. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Biofuel by-product can replace partially corn in supplement for Angus × Nellore heifers: productive performance and meat characteristics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:157. [PMID: 33564970 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this is study was to test the hypothesis that corn can be partially replaced by crude glycerin (at a level of 50%) without affecting performance, ingestive behavior, ruminal parameters, meat composition, and fatty acids profile on the meat of heifers. Sixty-four intact plus four rumen cannulated Angus × Nellore heifers (359.0 ± 12.15 kg BW) were used. The cannulated animals received the same diets as the intact ones to determine the ruminal N-NH3 concentration, pH, and chewing activity weekly. All heifers were maintained in Brachiaria brizantha pasture and supplemented with a concentrate containing corn, soybean meal, urea, premixed minerals, and glycerin partially replacing corn. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with two treatments (corn ground or glycerin + corn ground). The inclusion of crude glycerin (high fat) decreased nutrients intake and ruminal N-NH3 concentration in the rumen but increased lipid intake. Inclusion of glycerin had no effect (P > 0.05) on ruminal pH, daily gain, performance, time spent eating, rumination, idling, or water intake. The moisture, ash, and protein contents of meat were not affected (P > 0.05) by crude glycerin intake. Crude glycerin increased saturated fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) and decreased unsaturated fatty acids (C18:2n6c and C20:1) in meat. Despite the reduction in nutrient intake, we recommend crude glycerin to replace corn in concentrate because glycerin did not impair the performance, meat composition, and ruminal pH. Therefore, crude glycerin is a by-product that can partially replace corn in diets efficiently.
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Effects of the Dietary Inclusion of Buriti Oil on Lamb Performance, Carcass Traits, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance, Ingestive Behavior and Blood Metabolites. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111973. [PMID: 33126402 PMCID: PMC7693342 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dietary fat is important for animals, not only because it supplies essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins, but also because of its high energy content, approximately twice as many calories per gram of carbohydrates. Thus, it induces a caloric increase, in addition to modulating the fatty acid (FA) profile of meat. Vegetable oils inclusion in the diet of lambs improves the lipid quality of meat. Among them, buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.F.) is an example that stands out; it can represent an important alternative to meet the energy demands of lambs, particularly because of its easy availability, especially in the northern and northeast states of Brazil. In addition, as a consequence of the high cost of protein supplements in feed concentrates, unconventional alternatives have been exploited in recent years. Thus, this research proposes the use of a byproduct of the biofuel industry. This study was conducted to enhance our knowledge of interesting opportunities for farmers in terms of lamb meat production. Its use could promote activity in the livestock sector by reducing feed costs and becoming an alternative to producers without easy access to more expensive supplements. Abstract Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) oil (BO) is a byproduct that can be incorporated into the diet of lambs, thus increasing the energy density. The study aimed to evaluate the optimum BO inclusion level in lamb diets. Sixty-five Santa Ines lambs were distributed in two completely randomized experiments with five treatments each (BO inclusion at 0 (control), 12, 24, 36 and 48 g/kg dry matter (DM) total). The BO supplementation to partially replace ground corn linearly decreased the nutrient intake and digestibility of DM, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), N° chews/bolus, DM and NDF rumination or eating efficiencies, the N intake and N balance, carcass weights and yields, and dressing content of lamb carcasses (p < 0.05). The addition of BO responded quadratically to DM eating efficiency and N-fecal and N-urinary excretion (p < 0.05). The linear response plateau (LRP) analysis demonstrated that the levels of 0 and 12 g/kg of BO were similar, and improved intake and digestibility and consequently performance (p < 0.001). There was a linear increase in feed efficiency and shrinkage after chilling with the BO inclusion replacing ground corn. The inclusion of 12 g/kg BO in the total DM of diet is recommended, because it improves feeding intake, digestibility and performance of lambs.
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Wilkinson J, Young R. Strategies to reduce reliance on soya bean meal and palm kernel meal in livestock nutrition. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2020.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions and loss of wildlife habitats have stimulated growing global concern over the continued expansion of soya bean and palm oilseed production on land recently converted from forest and natural grasslands. This paper reviews the roles of soya bean meal and palm kernel meal in livestock nutrition, drawing on research data to explore the potential for their replacement in nutritionally balanced diets. Soya bean meal is a widely used livestock feed due to relatively high levels of total protein and essential amino acids. Palm kernel meal has been used for many years in compound feeds for ruminant livestock and as a supplement to grazed pasture in periods of drought. A range of alternative sources of protein is available to replace soya bean and palm kernel meals, e.g. protected rapeseed meal can replace soya bean meal in diets for productive dairy cows, but constraints to widespread adoption include insufficient supply, anti-nutritional factors which require feeds to be processed or supplemented with enzymes, and imbalances in essential amino acids. Soya ‘milk’ made directly from soya beans is a less efficient process than producing milk from dairy cows, especially when they are grazed on pastures or given diets that do not contain soya bean meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Wilkinson
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - R.H. Young
- Sustainable Food Trust, 38 Richmond Street, Totterdown, Bristol, BS3 4 TQ, United Kingdom
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Freitas N, Araújo M, Oliveira R, Lanna D, Marques C, Torreão J, Santos C, Silva Júnior J, Edvan R, Bezerra L. Production, composition, fatty acid profile and sensory traits of milk from goats fed crude glycerin from waste frying oils used in biodiesel production. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Lima MVS, Bagaldo AR, Müller M, Pinheiro EEG, Almeida BJ, Mugab LC, Araújo FL, Bezerra LR, Oliveira RL. Intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, production, and composition of goat milk supplemented with detoxified castor bean meal added urea as a replacement of soybean meal. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2135-2143. [PMID: 32086699 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the castor bean meal detoxified with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] added urea replacing soybean meal in the diet of lactating goats from milk production and composition, intake, digestibility, and ingestive behavior. Eight Alpine multiparous goats weighting 44.3 ± 5.3 kg and at approximately 60 days of lactation were confined and randomly distributed in 4 × 4 double Latin squares, with four inclusion levels of detoxified castor meal: control (0), 25, 50, and 75 g/kg dry matter (DM) total. Detoxified castor bean meal replacing soybean meal (P > 0.05) in goats diet did not affect intake and digestibility of DM, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total carbohydrates, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients, times spent for eating, and efficiency ratios of rumination and eating. However, the times spent for rumination and idling showed a quadratic trend decrease (P < 0.01) from the level of 50.0-g/kg DM. The milk production, and the milk production correction showed a quadratic trend increase and feeding efficiency a quadratic decrease (P = 0.03) due inclusion of detoxified castor bean meal replacing soybean meal up to the level of 25.0 g/kg. The fat, protein, lactose, total solids, nonfat solids, and milk urea nitrogen content (g/day) presented a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) by detoxified castor meal inclusion. Detoxified castor bean meal added urea in the Alpine goats diet could be included up to the 25.0 g/kg level replacing soybean meal in the diet because improve milk production and composition and feeding efficiency of goats without negatively effect on intake, digestibility and ingestive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V S Lima
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - A R Bagaldo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - M Müller
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - E E G Pinheiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - B J Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - L C Mugab
- Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry Engineering, Zambeze University, P.O. Box 49, Mocuba, Zambézia Province, Mozambique
| | - F L Araújo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas City, 44380000, Brazil
| | - L R Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Rodovia Bom Jesus-Viana, km 135, Bom Jesus, Piaui, 64900000, Brazil
| | - R L Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil.
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Gebreyowhans S, Lu J, Zhang S, Pang X, Lv J. Dietary enrichment of milk and dairy products with n-3 fatty acids: A review. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Fatty acids profile of Serra da Estrela PDO cheeses and respective atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-06-2019-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to determine the physicochemical and fatty acids composition of Serra da Estrela cheese (SEC), as well as health-related lipid indices, like the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, and to evaluate the influence of producer, geographical origin and production date.
Design/methodology/approach
All 24 SEC produced between November 2017 and March 2018 were collected at selected certified producers and analyzed by NIR spectrophotometer and by GC. Data were statistically evaluated by chemometric tools.
Findings
In all evaluated SEC, 23 fatty acids were quantified. Cheese origin influenced nutritional and health-related lipid indices). The cheeses were characterized by a relative high abundance of saturated fatty acids (67-76%), followed by a medium content of monounsaturated fatty acids (17-25%) and by low level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (5-7%). A putative positive association between cheese consumption and healthy lipid indices could be reached.
Practical implications
The contents of some medium and long chain fatty acids as well as of nutritional and health indices were influenced by cheese producer, geographical origin and production date pointing out the need for standardizing production procedures.
Social implications
The SEC plays a key role in the local economy, being an endogenous product with unique sensory characteristics and nutritional potential, for which the knowledge of the lipids profile and health indices is of utmost relevance.
Originality/value
SEC is an iconic Portuguese cheese with Protected Designation of Origin. Based on the results, like health-related lipid indices, evaluated for the first time, a positive association between cheese consumption and healthy lipid indices could be envisaged.
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Bagaldo A, Miranda G, Soares Júnior M, de Araújo F, Matoso R, Chizzotti M, Bezerra L, Oliveira R. Effect of Licuri cake supplementation on performance, digestibility, ingestive behavior, carcass traits and meat quality of grazing lambs. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Costa JB, Oliveira RL, Silva TM, Barbosa AM, Borja MS, de Pellegrini CB, Oliveira VDS, Ribeiro RDX, Bezerra LR. Fatty acid, physicochemical composition and sensory attributes of meat from lambs fed diets containing licuri cake. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206863. [PMID: 30444881 PMCID: PMC6239286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding licuri cake to lambs on the sensory characteristics, physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid (FA) profile of meat from lambs. Forty-four crossbred Santa Ines lambs (21.2 ± 2.70 kg body weight; 6 months old) were housed in individual pens and fed 4 experimental diets, containing 0, 8, 16 or 24% licuri cake (DM basis). The averages concentrations of ash (11.4), pH (5.82), lightness (38.1), cooking loss (26.8) or shear-force resistance (2.48) of lamb meat were not affected by the licuri cake diets. However, there was a linear decrease (P < 0.01) of redness and chroma indexes, lipid and protein contents, whereas the moisture content of the meat (P < 0.001) increased linearly due to the inclusion of licuri cake in lambs’ diets. The licuri cake inclusion in the lambs feed linearly increased (P < 0.05) the fatty acids concentrations of C12:0, C17:0, C20:0, C20:1, C18:3, C20:3, C20:4 and ΣPUFA/ΣMUFA ratio, Σω–3 and atherogenicity index (AI). However, C18:1 cis, C20:2, C20:5, ΣMUFA, ΣMUFA/ΣSFA and Σω–6:Σω–3 ratios in the longissimus lumborum of lambs linearly decreased by licuri cake inclusion. There was a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) on C14:0 (maximum point 4.94 g/100 g FAME to 14.5% licuri inclusion), C16:1 (maximum point 8.59 g/100 g FAME to 10.7% licuri inclusion) and enzymatic activities of Δ9-desaturase C16 (maximum point 27.5 g/100 g FAME to 10.6% licuri inclusion) in the longissimus lumborum of lambs fed due to increased concentrations of licuri cake. However, there was a quadratic decrease (P = 0.04) in ΣPUFA/ΣSFA ratio with minimum concentration of 0.63 g/100 g FAME to 11.1% inclusion. The inclusion of licuri cake in the lambs diet did not change (P > 0.05) the concentrations of SFA C10:0, C15:0, C16:0, C18:0, C14:1, MUFA C18:1 trans, PUFA C18:2 cis, CLA, total sum of ΣSFA and ΣPUFA, desirable fatty acids (DFA), hypocholesterolemic:hypercholesterolemic index, and elongase and Δ9-desaturase C18 enzymes. Licuri cake in the lamb diet improved (P < 0.05) meat aroma, flavor and overall acceptance by consumers. Licuri cake inclusion in the diet of lambs improves sensory attributes of meat and the meat fatty acid profile becomes nutritionally healthier for the human diet because do not affect major FA of meat; however, the growth performance of finishing lambs is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonival Barreto Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Thadeu Mariniello Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Analívia Martins Barbosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Máikal Souza Borja
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | | | - Vinicius da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | | | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Rodovia Bom Jesus-Viana, Bom Jesus, Piaui, Brazil
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Ribeiro R, Medeiros A, Oliveira RL, de Araújo G, Queiroga RDCDE, Ribeiro M, Silva T, Bezerra L, Oliveira RL. Palm kernel cake from the biodiesel industry in goat kid diets. Part 2: Physicochemical composition, fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of meat. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ribeiro R, Oliveira RL, Oliveira RL, de Carvalho G, Medeiros A, Correia B, Silva T, Bezerra L. Palm kernel cake from the biodiesel industry in diets for goat kids. Part 1: nutrient intake and utilization, growth performance and carcass traits. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Dias CAS, Bagaldo AR, Cerutti WG, Barbosa AM, de Carvalho GGP, Costa EIS, Bezerra LR, Oliveira RL. Peanut cake can replace soybean meal in supplements for lactating cows without affecting production. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:651-657. [PMID: 29238885 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the total replacement of soybean meal with peanut cake in the concentrate supplement of lactating cows grazing. Eight crossbred 5/8 Holstein × 3/8 Zebu cows between the 45th and 60th day of lactation and 507 ± 35 kg BW were distributed in a 4 × 4 double Latin square design with four levels of peanut cake (0, 110, 220, and 330 g/kg of the dry matter-DM) as a replacement of soybean meal in the concentrate supplement. The intake of pasture, total (pasture + concentrate), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients, and digestibility of the DM, CP, ether extract (EE), and NDF was not affected by the replacement of soybean meal with peanut cake. However, the EE (P = 0.83) intake and non-fiber carbohydrate digestibility (P = 0.09) exhibited an increasing linear trend by the peanut cake inclusion. The NDF exhibited a decreasing linear trend (P = 0.07) as the level of peanut cake increased. Production, corrected production, and protein, fat, lactose, total solid, and non-fat solid composition concentrations in the cows' milk were not affected (P > 0.05) by the peanut cake inclusion. The protein/fat ratio exhibited an increasing linear trend (P = 0.082) by the peanut cake inclusion. Peanut cake can completely replace soybean meal in the concentrate mixture because it does not alter dry matter intake, production, and composition of milk, and in addition it can reduce the cost of feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Regina Bagaldo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Reconcavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, 44380000, Brazil
| | - Weiler Giacomaza Cerutti
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Reconcavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, 44380000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Bom Jesus, Piauí, 64900000, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170110, Brazil.
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Gouvêa AALD, Oliveira RL, Assis DYCD, Borja MS, Ribeiro RDX, Leão AG, Oliveira PA, Bezerra LR. Sensory and physicochemical quality of ‘frescal’ sausage from young bulls’ meat fed with levels of licuri cake. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1345661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Máikal Souza Borja
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - André Gustavo Leão
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Lambs fed cassava silage with added tamarind residue: Silage quality, intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, growth performance and carcass quality. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Ferreira AC, Vieira JF, Barbosa AM, Silva TM, Bezerra LR, Nascimento NG, de Freitas JE, Jaeger SMPL, Oliveira PDA, Oliveira RL. Effect of replacing ground corn and soybean meal with licuri cake on the performance, digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and ingestive behavior in lactating dairy cows. Animal 2017; 11:1957-1965. [PMID: 28462743 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111700074x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Licuri (Syagrus coronate) cake is a biodiesel by-product used in ruminant feed as a beneficial energy source for supplementation in managed pastures. The objective was to evaluate the performance, digestibility, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, ingestive behavior and diet profitability of eight crossbred Holstein (3/4)×Gyr (5/8) multiparous cows (480±25 kg BW and 100 days milking) grazing and supplemented with licuri cake partially replacing ground corn and soybean meal in concentrate (0, 200, 400 and 600 g/kg in dry matter (DM)), distributed in an experimental duplicated 4×4 Latin square design. Licuri cake partially replacing ground corn and soybean meal increased (P<0.01) the intake and digestibility of ether extract and decreased the non-fiber carbohydrates; however, there were no influences on the intakes of DM, CP, NDF and total digestible nutrients (TDN). The digestibilities of DM, CP and NDF were not influenced by licuri cake addition. There was a decrease trend on TDN digestibility (P=0.08). Licuri cake replacing ground corn and soybean meal in concentrate did not affect the intake; fecal, urinary and mammary excretions; N balance; and triglycerides concentrations. However, the blood urea nitrogen (P=0.04) concentration decreased with the licuri cakes inclusion in cow supplementation. There was an increasing trend for serum creatinine (P=0.07). Licuri cake inclusion did not affect body condition score, production, yield, protein, lactose, total solids and solid non-fat contents of milk and Minas frescal cheese. There was a linear decrease in average daily weight gain (g/day). The milk fat concentration and cheese fat production (P<0.1) presented a linear increase with partial replacement of ground corn and soybean meal with licuri cakes. The addition of licuri cake did not alter the time spent feeding, ruminating or idling. There was an increasing trend in NDF feeding efficiency (P=0.09). The replacing of ground corn and soybean meal with licuri cake up to 600 g/kg decreased the concentrate cost by US$0.45/cow per day. Licuri cake replacing corn and soybeans (400 g/kg) in concentrate promoted a profit of US$0.07/animal per day. Licuri cake is indicated to concentrate the supplementation of dairy cows with average productions of 10 kg/day at levels up to 400 g/kg in the concentrate supplement because it provides an additional profit of US$0.07/animal per day and increased milk and Minas frescal cheese fat without negative effects on productive parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Ferreira
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - J F Vieira
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - A M Barbosa
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - T M Silva
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - L R Bezerra
- 2Department of Animal Science,Federal University of Piaui,Rodovia Bom Jesus-Viana,km 135,Bom Jesus,Piaui 64900000,Brazil
| | - N G Nascimento
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - J E de Freitas
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - S M P L Jaeger
- 3Department of Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia Reconcavo,Cruz das Almas,Bahia 44380000,Brazil
| | - P de A Oliveira
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
| | - R L Oliveira
- 1Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Federal University of Bahia,500 Adhemar de Barros Avenue,Salvador,Bahia 40170110,Brazil
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Costa RG, Ribeiro NL, de Almeida MDA, da Cruz GRB, Sousa S, Madruga MS, Queiroga RDCR. Characterization of the lipid profile of internal fat deposits of sheep in the semiarid region of Brazil. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Morais JS, Bezerra LR, Silva AMA, Araújo MJ, Oliveira RL, Edvan RL, Torreão JNC, Lanna DPD. Production, composition, fatty acid profile and sensory analysis of goat milk in goats fed buriti oil. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:395-406. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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30
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Oliveira RL, Neto SG, de Lima FHS, de Medeiros AN, Bezerra LR, Pereira ES, Bagaldo AR, de Pellegrini CB, Correia BR. Composition and fatty acid profile of milk from cows supplemented with pressed oilseed cake. Anim Sci J 2016; 87:1225-1232. [PMID: 26707702 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the productive and nutritional parameters of milk from crossbred lactating cows managed on Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania and with a diet supplemented with different pressed oilseed cakes. The supplements used were as follows: peanut cake, sunflower cake and palm kernel cake for replacement of soybean meal. Sixteen cows with an average weight of 544 ± 57 kg and producing 8 ± 1.4 L of milk per day were used in this study. The animals were randomly assigned to the treatments according to a Latin square design repeated over time, with four treatments, 16 animals and four experimental periods. Supplementation of the diet with peanut cake, sunflower cake and palm kernel cake compared with soybean meal in the diet of cows did not affect the average daily production or composition of the milk. The palm kernel cake promoted an increase in lauric fatty acids (C12:0 ) and palmitoleic acids (C16:1 ) (5.02 and 1.65%, respectively) compared with peanut cake and sunflower cake (4.13 and 4.01%, respectively). The levels of oleic fatty acids (C18:1 ) were higher for the sunflower cake and palm kernel cake supplements (26.01 and 25.01%, respectively) compared with peanut cake (23.11%). The replacement of soybean meal with sunflower cake and palm kernel cake improved the nutritional quality of the milk, with lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids and higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, without compromising the production or nutritional composition of the milk. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador city, Bahia state, Brazil.
| | | | - Francisco Helton Sa de Lima
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of South of Minas Gerais - Campus de Muzambinho, Muzambinho city, Minas Gerais state, Brazil
| | | | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Animal Science Department, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus city, Piauí state, Brazil
| | - Elzania Sales Pereira
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza city, Ceará State, Brazil
| | - Adriana Regina Bagaldo
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia State, Brazil
| | | | - Braulio Rocha Correia
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador city, Bahia state, Brazil
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de Gouvêa AA, Oliveira RL, Leão AG, Assis DY, Bezerra LR, Nascimento Júnior NG, Trajano JS, Pereira ES. Color, sensory and physicochemical attributes of beef burger made using meat from young bulls fed levels of licuri cake. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3668-3672. [PMID: 26611867 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Licuri cake is a biodiesel byproduct and has been tested as an alternative feed additive for use in cattle production. This study analyzed the color, sensory and chemical attributes of burger meat from bovines. Thirty-two young Nellore bulls were used, housed in individual pens and distributed in a randomized experimental design with four treatments: no addition or the addition of 7, 14 or 21% (w/w) licuri cake in the dry matter of the diet. RESULTS Interactions between the licuri cake level and the physicochemical variables (P > 0.05) were observed. Additionally, an interaction was observed between the licuri cake level and the burger beef color parameter lightness index (L*) (P = 0.0305). The L* value was positively and linearly correlated with the proportion of licuri cake in the diet of young bulls. The level of inclusion of licuri cake did not affect (P > 0.05) the sensory characteristics; the variables were graded between 6 and 7, indicating good overall acceptance. CONCLUSION Up to 21% (w/w) licuri cake can be included in the diet of young bulls without negatively impacting on beef burger quality. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Al de Gouvêa
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo L Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - André G Leão
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - ICAT, 78735-901 Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Dallyson Yc Assis
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology - ICAT, 78735-901 Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Leilson R Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Cinobelina Elvas, 64900-000 Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Nilton G Nascimento Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S Trajano
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Elzania S Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, 60021-970 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Correia BR, Carvalho GGP, Oliveira RL, Pires AJV, Ribeiro OL, Silva RR, Leão AG, Simionato JI, Carvalho BMA. Production and quality of beef from young bulls fed diets supplemented with peanut cake. Meat Sci 2016; 118:157-63. [PMID: 27050756 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peanut cake is a biodiesel byproduct that has been tested as an alternative feed additive for use in cattle production. This study aimed to assess the importance of dietary peanut cake inclusion for young bull growth rate, beef production, and beef quality. In total, 32 Nellore young bulls individually housed in stalls with a mean initial body weight of 390±43.5kg were distributed in a completely randomized design for the experiment. The animals were fed Tifton 85 hay and one of four concentrate mixtures with 0, 33, 66 or 100% peanut cake instead of soybean meal. There was a linear reduction (P<0.05) in the slaughter weight and hot carcass weight and a quadratic effect (P<0.05) on the beef texture. No alterations occurred in the physicochemical characteristics of the longissimus thoracis; however, changes were observed (P<0.05) in the longissimus thoracis fatty acid profile. The replacement of soybean meal with peanut cake at levels up to 100% in the diet of feedlot-finished young bulls promotes a beneficial increase in the levels of PUFAs and the following nutraceutical compounds: conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and Ω3 and Ω6 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Correia
- Postgraduate Studies in Animal Science, State University of Southwest Bahia, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - R R Silva
- State University of Southeast Bahia, Brazil
| | - A G Leão
- Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Silva TM, de Medeiros AN, Oliveira RL, Gonzaga Neto S, Queiroga RDCRDE, Ribeiro RDX, Leão AG, Bezerra LR. Carcass traits and meat quality of crossbred Boer goats fed peanut cake as a substitute for soybean meal. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:2992-3002. [PMID: 27482686 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of replacing soybean meal with peanut cake in the diets of crossbred Boer goats as determined by carcass characteristics and quality and by the fatty acid profile of meat. Forty vaccinated and dewormed crossbred Boer goats were used. Goats had an average age of 5 mo and an average BW of 15.6 ± 2.7 kg. Goats were fed Tifton-85 hay and a concentrate consisting of corn bran, soybean meal, and mineral premix. Peanut cake was substituted for soybean meal at levels of 0.0, 33.33, 66.67, and 100%. Biometric and carcass morphometric measurements of crossbred Boer goats were not affected by replacing soybean meal with peanut cake in the diet. There was no influence of the replacement of soybean meal with peanut cake on weight at slaughter ( = 0.28), HCW ( = 0.26), cold carcass weight ( = 0.23), noncarcass components of weight ( = 0.71), or muscularity index values ( = 0.11). However, regression equations indicated that there would be a reduction of 18 and 11% for loin eye area and muscle:bone ratio, respectively, between the treatment without peanut cake and the treatment with total soybean meal replacement. The weights and yields of the commercial cuts were not affected ( > 0.05) by replacing soybean meal with peanut cake in the diet. Replacing soybean meal with peanut cake did not affect the pH ( = 0.79), color index ( > 0.05), and chemical composition ( > 0.05) of the meat (). However, a quadratic trend for the ash content was observed with peanut cake inclusion in the diet ( = 0.09). Peanut cake inclusion in the diet did not affect the concentrations of the sum of SFA ( = 0.29), the sum of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; = 0.29), or the sum of PUFA ( = 0.97) or the SFA:UFA ratio ( = 0.23) in goat meat. However, there was a linear decrease ( = 0.01) in the sum of odd-chain fatty acids in the meat with increasing peanut cake in the diet. Soybean meal replacement with peanut cake did not affect the n-6:n-3 ratio ( = 0.13) or the medium-chain fatty acid ( = 0.76), long-chain fatty acid ( = 0.74), or atherogenicity index values ( = 0.60) in the meat. The sensory attributes of the longissimus lumborum did not differ with the inclusion of peanut cake in the diet as a replacement for soybean meal. These results suggest that based on carcass and meat characteristics, peanut cake can completely substitute soybean meal in the diet of crossbred Boer goats.
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Costa JB, Oliveira RL, Silva TM, Ribeiro RDX, Silva AM, Leão AG, Bezerra LR, Rocha TC. Intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, performance, and carcass yield of lambs fed licuri cake. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:2973-80. [PMID: 27482684 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of the inclusion of licuri cake in the diets of crossbred Santa Inês lambs, based on intake, digestibility, N balance, urea N, and performance. We used 44 male lambs that were vaccinated and wormed, with an average age of 6 mo and an average BW of 21.2 kg ± 2.7 kg. The lambs were fed a mixture of Tifton-85 hay (40%) and a concentrated mixture (60%) composed of ground corn, soybean meal, and mineral premix. For the treatments, licuri cake was added at levels of 0, 8, 16, and 24% of DM, with the licuri cake replacing soybean meal and ground corn. We used 11 lambs per treatment in a randomized design. The lambs were confined for 70 d, and the digestibility trial occurred between Day 40 and Day 55. The increased level of licuri cake inclusion promoted a linear reduction in DM intake ( = 0.00) with a 39% reduction between treatments with the 0 and 24% cakes. On the other hand, ether extract () consumption showed an initial quadratic increase ( = 0.00). The total weight gain and ADG showed a linear decrease ( = 0.00) with the addition of licuri cake. The inclusion of licuri cake linearly enhanced ( = 0.02) the digestibility of CP and EE, whereas the digestibility of other nutrients in lambs remained unchanged ( > 0.05). The licuri cake increase led to a linear decrease ( < 0.05) in the N intake, fecal N, and retained N in lambs. Urinary N was not changed. The slaughter carcass weight, HCW, cold carcass weight, hot carcass yield, and cold carcass yield showed linear decreases ( < 0.05) with the addition of licuri cake. Carcass morphometric measurements were influenced by experimental diets, showing linear decreases ( < 0.05) with the addition of licuri cake to diets. The fat thickness, conformation, external length, internal length, leg length, rump width, and chest circumference showed linear decreases ( < 0.05) with the inclusion of licuri cake in diets. The inclusion of licuri cake decreased DMI and digestibility, reflecting the lower ADG. Although feed efficiency was not affected, the lambs weighed less at slaughter and the licuri cake had a negative impact on carcass yield. Therefore, the use of the studied levels of licuri cake in diets for finishing lambs cannot be recommended.
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Fatty acid profiles of milk and Minas frescal cheese from lactating grazed cows supplemented with peanut cake. J DAIRY RES 2015; 83:42-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029915000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Milk and Minas frescal cheese were evaluated from crossbred Holstein × Gir cows that were fed diets enriched with 0, 33, 66 and 100% inclusion levels of palm kernel cake in a concentrated supplement in replace of soybean meal. Eight crossbred lactating cows were distributed (four animals × four treatments × four periods) in the experimental design of double 4 × 4 Latin squares. The capric (C : 10, P = 0·0270), undecylic (C : 11, P = 0·0134), and lauric (C : 12, P = 0·0342) saturated fatty acid concentrations and CLA (C18 : 2c9t11, P = 0·0164) of the milk fat decreased linearly with an increasing percentage of peanut cake in the diet. The increased peanut cake content (100%) in the diet was associated with a linear decrease in C : 10 (P = 0·0447), C : 12 (P = 0·0002), mirystic (C : 14, P < 0·0001) and palmitic (C : 16, P < 0·0001) saturated fatty acid concentrations and an increase in arachidic, lignoceric, palmitoleic and elaidic acid levels in the Minas frescal cheese fat made from the milk. Both the milk and the Minas frescal cheese showed a linear decrease in the concentration of monosaturated fatty acids (P < 0·0001), atherogenicity index, and thrombogenicity index (P < 0·05), while the hypocholesterolaemic: hypercholesterolaemic and omega 6: omega 3 (P > 0·05) ratios were not influenced by the different peanut cake levels. The inclusion of up to 100% peanut cake as a substitution for soybean meal in the concentrate of grazing lactating cows resulted in changes in the nutritional quality of their milk products, as indicated by the increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids and the decrease of saturated fatty acids (lauric, myristic, and palmitic).
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