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Cai X, Zhu K, Li W, Peng Y, Yi Y, Qiao M, Fu Y. Characterization of flavor and taste profile of different radish ( Raphanus Sativus L.) varieties by headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC/IMS) and E-nose/tongue. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101419. [PMID: 38756475 PMCID: PMC11096940 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the overall flavor and taste profile of different radishes is lacking. This study systematically compared the volatile profile of six radish varieties using HS-GC-IMS and their correlation with the E-nose analysis. Organic acids and amino acids were quantified, and their association with the E-tongues analysis was explored. A total of 73 volatile compounds were identified, with diallyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide being the primary sulfides responsible for the unpleasant flavor in radish. Compared to other varieties, cherry radishes boast a significantly higher concentration of allyl isothiocyanate, which likely contributes to their characteristic radish flavor. Moreover, oxalic acid was identified as the most abundant organic acid in radish, accounting for over 97% of its content, followed by malic acid and succinic acid. In conclusion, the distinct flavor and taste characteristics of different radish varieties partially explain their suitability for diverse culinary preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Cai
- Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Kaixian Zhu
- Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Wanli Li
- Solid-state Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin University, Yibin 644007, China
| | - Yiqin Peng
- Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Yuwen Yi
- Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Mingfeng Qiao
- Cuisine Science Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Tourism University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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2
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Bungala LDC, Park SU, Nguyen BV, Lim J, Kim K, Kim JK, Park CH, Le AT, Chung YS, Yeo HJ. Effect of LED Lights on Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activities in Red Pakchoi Baby Leaves. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23420-23430. [PMID: 38854528 PMCID: PMC11154946 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Pakchoi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is one of the most widely consumed vegetables in Asian countries, and it is high in secondary metabolites. The availability, quantity, and quality of light play a critical role in the growth and development of plants. In this study, we investigated the effect of LEDs (light-emitting diodes; white, blue, red, and red + blue) on anthocyanin, glucosinolates, and phenolic levels in red pakchoi baby leaves. On the 24th day after sowing (DAS), red baby pakchoi leaves were harvested, and shoot length, root length, and fresh weight were measured. Among the different LED treatments, there was no significant difference in shoot length, whereas the highest root length was achieved in the red + blue LED treatment (23.8 cm). The fresh weight also showed a significant difference among the different LED treatments. In total, 12 phenolic and 7 glucosinolate individual compounds were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The highest total glucosinolate (2937 μg/g dry wt) and phenolic (1589 μg/g dry wt) contents were achieved in baby leaves exposed to red + blue light. Similarly, the highest contents of total anthocyanins (1726 μg/g dry wt), flavonoids (4920 μg/g dry wt), and phenolics (5900 μg/g dry wt) were achieved in the red + blue treatment. Plants exposed to red + blue LED light showed the highest accumulation of anthocyanin, glucosinolates, and phenolic compounds. For antioxidant activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical) free radical scavenging, ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging, and reducing power assays were performed, and the antioxidant activity of red pakchoi baby leaves grown under red + blue LED light was found to be the best. The metabolic profiling of the identified metabolites revealed distinct separation based on the secondary metabolites. This research will be helpful for farmers to choose the best LED light combination to increase the secondary metabolic content in pakchoi plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel
Tarcisio da Cristina Bungala
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Mozambique
Agricultural Research Institute, Central Regional Center, Highway N° 6, P.O. Box 42, Chimoio 0606-01, Mozambique
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National
University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Bao Van Nguyen
- Department
of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National
University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Lim
- Department
of Bio-AI Convergence, Chungnam National
University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division
of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Convergence
Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon
National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Le
- Department
of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju
National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Department
of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju
National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department
of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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3
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Lim SH, Kim DH, Lee JY. Molecular mechanism controlling anthocyanin composition and content in radish plants with different root colors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108091. [PMID: 37864927 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus) roots exhibit various colors that reflect their anthocyanin compositions and contents. However, the details of the mechanism linking the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis and their transcriptional regulators to anthocyanin composition in radish roots remained unknown. Here, we characterized the role of the anthocyanin biosynthetic enzyme flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (RsF3'H), together with the R2R3 MYB transcription factor (TF) RsMYB1 and the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TF TRANSPARENT TESTA 8 (RsTT8), in four radish plants with different root colors: white (W), deep red (DR), dark purple (DP), and dark greyish purple (DGP). The DR plant contained heterozygous for RsF3'H with low expression level and accumulated a large amount of pelargonidin, resulting in deep red color. While, the DP and DGP plants accumulated the cyanidin due to the higher expression level of functional RsF3'H. Notably, RsMYB1 and RsTT8 transcripts were abundant in all pigmented roots, but not in white roots. To investigate the differential expression of RsMYB1 and RsTT8, we compared the sequences of their promoter regions among the four radish plants, revealing variations in the numbers of cis-elements and in promoter architecture. Promoter activation assays demonstrated that variation in the RsMYB1 and RsTT8 promoters may contribute to the expression level of these genes, and RsMYB1 can activate its own expression as well as promote the RsTT8 expression. These results suggested that RsF3'H plays a vital role in anthocyanin composition and the expression level of both RsMYB1 and RsTT8 are crucial determinants for anthocyanin content in radish roots. Overall, these findings provide insight into the molecular basis of anthocyanin composition and level in radish roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hyung Lim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of International Technology and Information, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea.
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of International Technology and Information, Hankyong National University, Anseong, 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
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Li W, Zhang W, Fan X, Xu H, Yuan H, Wang Y, Yang R, Tian H, Wu Y, Yang H. Fructo-oligosaccharide enhanced bioavailability of polyglycosylated anthocyanins from red radish via regulating gut microbiota in mice. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100765. [PMID: 37780282 PMCID: PMC10534114 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The anthocyanins from red radish (ARR) rich in polyglycosylated pelargonidin glucosides were used as pigment. However, bioavailability of anthocyanins was considered at low level. This work examined the intensive effects of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) on ARR bioavailability. Pelargonidin, cyanidin and pelargonidin-3-glucoside showed higher level in serum of mice fed with FOS together with ARR for 8 weeks than that fed with only ARR. Co-ingestion of FOS and ARR more effectively elevated the hepatic antioxidant activity by increase in total antioxidant capacity and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase when compared with intake of ARR. FOS also markedly increased pelargonidin level in cecum of mice. 16S RNA sequencing found that Bacteroides genus play an important role in FOS elevating bioavailability of ARR. Fecal bacteria transplantation verified the positive effects of FOS on ARR bioavailability. These results suggested that combined ingestion of FOS and ARR is effective strategy for bioactivity of ARR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Wanjie Zhang
- Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xin Fan
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Hai Xu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Medical School, Xi’an Peihua University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710125, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Hua Tian
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Yinmei Wu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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5
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Aissani N, Sebai H. Potent anti-glioblastoma effect of 4-methylthio-3-butenyl isothiocyanate from Raphanus sativus and antioxidant activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2115064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadhem Aissani
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bioresources, High Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and Valorization of Bioresources, High Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
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Li W, Gou G, He Y, Tan S. Innovative air-impingement jet drying of red cabbage: Kinetic description and prediction of the degradation of cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside and cyanidin. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100422. [PMID: 36211735 PMCID: PMC9532788 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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7
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Li W, Zhang G, Tan S, Gong C, Yang Y, Gu M, Mi Z, Yang HY. Polyacylated Anthocyanins Derived from Red Radishes Protect Vascular Endothelial Cells Against Palmitic Acid-Induced Apoptosis via the p38 MAPK Pathway. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:412-420. [PMID: 35794452 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA), a widely consumed saturated fat, is known to induce the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. This study examined the protective effect of anthocyanin from red radish (ARR), which has been shown to protect the cardiovascular system and is rich in polyacylated pelargonidin (P) glycosides, on PA-treated SV 40 transfected aortic rat endothelial cells (SVAREC). In all, 22 distinct anthocyanins were identified in the ARR via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, the most abundant of which were pelargonidin-3-(p-coumaroyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside (31.60%), pelargonidin-3-(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside (22.98%), pelargonidin-3-(p-coumaroyl)diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside (8.02%), and pelargonidin-3-(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-glucoside (6.25%). P displayed the highest serum level (93.72%) in the ARR-treated mice, while polyacylated P glucosides were also absorbed intact. Furthermore, ARR treatment effectively increased cellular activity and reduced the ratio of Bcl-2-associated X protein : B cell lymphoma-2, while simultaneously alleviating the excessive production of reactive oxygen species in PA-treated SVAREC. Transcriptome and further verification analyses confirmed that the ARR-inhibiting PA-induced apoptosis of SVAREC was related to the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Our results are the first to demonstrate that ARR may be a promising phytochemical in the prevention of PA-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 16 Juxian Road, Fuling district, 408100, Chongqing, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 16 Juxian Road, Fuling district, 408100, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Tan
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 16 Juxian Road, Fuling district, 408100, Chongqing, China.
| | - Changqiu Gong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 16 Juxian Road, Fuling district, 408100, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunjiao Yang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 16 Juxian Road, Fuling district, 408100, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyuan Gu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 16 Juxian Road, Fuling district, 408100, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Mi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 16 Juxian Road, Fuling district, 408100, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyan Y Yang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169, Changle-West road, 710032, Xi'an, China.
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8
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Ultrasound treatment degrades, changes the color, and improves the antioxidant activity of the anthocyanins in red radish. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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He J, Ye S, Correia P, Fernandes I, Zhang R, Wu M, Freitas V, Mateus N, Oliveira H. Dietary polyglycosylated anthocyanins, the smart option? A comprehensive review on their health benefits and technological applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3096-3128. [PMID: 35534086 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, anthocyanins have emerged as one of the most enthralling groups of natural phenolic compounds and more than 700 distinct structures have already been identified, illustrating the exceptional variety spread in nature. The interest raised around anthocyanins goes way beyond their visually appealing colors and their acknowledged structural and biological properties have fueled intensive research toward their application in different contexts. However, the high susceptibility of monoglycosylated anthocyanins to degradation under certain external conditions might compromise their application. In that regard, polyglycosylated anthocyanins (PGA) might offer an alternative to overcome this issue, owing to their peculiar structure and consequent less predisposition to degradation. The most recent scientific and technological findings concerning PGA and their food sources are thoroughly described and discussed in this comprehensive review. Different issues, including their physical-chemical characteristics, consumption, bioavailability, and biological relevance in the context of different pathologies, are covered in detail, along with the most relevant prospective technological applications. Due to their complex structure and acyl groups, most of the PGA exhibit an overall higher stability than the monoglycosylated ones. Their versatility allows them to act in a wide range of pathologies, either by acting directly in molecular pathways or by modulating the disease environment attributing an added value to their food sources. Their recent usage for technological applications has also been particularly successful in different industry fields including food and smart packaging or in solar energy production systems. Altogether, this review aims to put into perspective the current state and future research on PGA and their food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingren He
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuxin Ye
- Yun-Hong Group Co. Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Patrícia Correia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iva Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Zhang
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muci Wu
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Victor Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus) is a Brassica vegetable important for human nutrition and health because it is rich in diverse metabolites. Although previous studies have evaluated various metabolites, few studies have comprehensively profiled the primary and secondary metabolites in the roots of white- and green-colored radishes. Thus, this study aimed to provide information about the contents of metabolites beneficial for human health in both cultivars and to investigate the relationships between the various metabolites detected. In particular, among the 55 metabolites detected in radish roots, the levels of most amino acids and phenolic acids, vital to nutrition and health, were higher in green radish roots, while slightly higher levels of glucosinolates were observed in white radish roots—information which can be used to develop an effective strategy to promote vegetable consumption. Furthermore, glutamic acid, as a metabolic precursor of amino acids and chlorophylls, was positively correlated with other amino acids (cysteine, tryptophan, asparagine, alanine, serine, phenylalanine, valine, isoleucine, proline, leucine, beta-alanine, lysine, and GABA), and chlorophylls (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b) detected in radish roots and phenylalanine, a metabolic precursor of phenolic compounds, were positively correlated with kaempferol, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and catechin. In addition, strong positive correlations between carbohydrates (sucrose and glucose) and phenolics were observed in this study, indicating that sucrose and glucose function as energy sources for phenolic compounds.
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Farid MM, Ibrahim FM, Ragheb AY, Mohammed RS, Hegazi NM, Shabrawy MOEL, Kawashty SA, Marzouk MM. Comprehensive Phytochemical Characterization of Raphanus raphanistrum L.: In Vitro Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Evaluation. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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12
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Kanjevac M, Jakovljević D, Todorović M, Stanković M, Ćurčić S, Bojović B. Improvement of Germination and Early Growth of Radish ( Raphanus sativus L.) through Modulation of Seed Metabolic Processes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:757. [PMID: 35336639 PMCID: PMC8949023 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a vegetable cultivated worldwide because of its large succulent hypocotyls. The priming method initiates metabolic processes at early stages and regulates the metabolic events in seed necessary for germination. This research was conducted to examine the influence of various priming treatments on physiological performance (germination, growth, lipid peroxidation, primary and secondary metabolism) and antioxidant activity of radish seedlings. On the basis of germination and growth characteristics, vigor index, and relative water content in leaves, it was confirmed that priming treatments with 0.01% ascorbic acid (AA) and 1% KNO3 improves the initial stages of radish development. Furthermore, the efficiency of AA as a priming agent was confirmed through the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) level compared to unprimed seedlings. On the other hand, hormopriming with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) significantly increased the concentration of photosynthetic pigments and total soluble leaf proteins compared to non-primed seedlings. The highest content of total phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, were obtained after hormopriming with 1 mM IAA and halopriming with 1% MgSO4. On the basis of the percentage of inhibition of DPPH radicals, it was confirmed that treatments with IAA and AA can improve the antioxidant activity of radish seedlings. This study provides useful information regarding the possibilities of pregerminative metabolic modulation through the seed priming for the biochemical and physiological improvement of radish, and this topic should be further investigated in order to determine the potential use of AA and IAA as suitable priming agents in radish commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Kanjevac
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragana Jakovljević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Todorović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Stanković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Ćurčić
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, University of Kragujevac, 35000 Jagodina, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bojović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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13
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Li W, Gong P, Xu M, Li D, Sun J, Zhou D, Zhu B. Isolation and characterization of the anthocyanins derived from red radishes (Raphanus sativus L.) and the protective ability of β-lactoglobulin against heat-induced oxidation. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1586-1600. [PMID: 35262931 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study employed the "two-step dialysis" method and AB-8 or D101 macroporous resin chromatography to isolate the anthocyanins in red radishes (ARR). The red radish juice was dialyzed twice at 3000 and 500 Da, respectively. UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS revealed 24 types of ARRs, of which pelargonidin (Pg)-3-diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside (P3D5MG), Pg-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside (P3D5G), Pg-3-(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside (P3FD5MG), Pg, and malvidin (Mv) represented the main compounds. The total anthocyanin content in the ARR prepared via the "two-step dialysis" method was 29.69% and 18.44% higher than that obtained using AB-8 and D101 macroporous resins, respectively. The ARRs inhibited heat-induced β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) oxidation. The amino acid residue microenvironment and secondary β-Lg structure were modified via ARR binding. The energy involved in P3D5MG and β-Lg binding was -392 kJ/mol, which was significantly lower than that during the binding process of P3D5M, P3FD5MG, Pg, and Mv to β-Lg (-338 to -168 kJ/mol). These results indicated that "two-step dialysis" was a promising method for deriving natural pigment with strong antioxidant activity from red radishes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: As a natural food colorant, anthocyanins have attracted increasing attention in the food industry in recent years. This study used "two-step dialysis" to effectively separate ARRs. Moreover, the anthocyanins in ARR can bind to β-Lg to protect against heating-induced oxidation. Therefore, ARRs may not only act as a food pigment but also as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of the Seafood School of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Pengling Gong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyi Xu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deyang Li
- National Engineering Research Center of the Seafood School of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiatong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of the Seafood School of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Dayong Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of the Seafood School of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of the Seafood School of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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14
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Han N, Kim I, Kim J, Lee J. Tissue-specific distribution of primary and secondary metabolites of Baemoochae (×Brassicoraphanus) and its changes as a function of developmental stages. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110796. [PMID: 34865811 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and changes in the primary and secondary metabolite profiles of Baemoochae, an inter-generic hybrid of Chinese cabbage and radish, during the plant's developmental stages were investigated. Metabolites were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC-ESI-qTOF MS). Free sugar, organic acid, and amino acid composition depended on the tissue type and developmental stage of Baemoochae. For example, glucose and alanine levels were higher in mature leaves than in young leaves; citric acid content in mature roots was lower than that in young roots. Several glucosinolates were identified for the first time in Baemoochae. Glucoraphasatin was predominant in both leaves and roots, regardless of plant maturity. Total glucosinolate content was significantly higher in roots than in leaves and in mature than in young plants. The roots of mature Baemoochae could be used as a rich source of glucosinolates, with several potential health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Han
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inhwan Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongkee Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Illuri R, M E, M K, R SB, P P, Nguyen VH, Bukhari NA, Hatamleh AA, P B. Bio-prospective potential of Pleurotus djamor and Pleurotus florida mycelial extracts towards Gram positive and Gram negative microbial pathogens causing infectious disease. J Infect Public Health 2021; 15:297-306. [PMID: 34690095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics by human infections occurred mostly due to their overuse, that prompted individuals to pursue novel and innovative treatments. The phytochemical characteristics, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity of MCF7 cells were evaluated in two Pleurotus spp. mycelial extracts in this work. METHODS Pleurotus djamor and Pleurotus florida mycelial extracts from pure cultures were tested for antibacterial activity by a well-diffusion assay and antimicrobial activity against mold fungi was evaluated for biomass inhibition. Mycelial extracts were obtained from dichloromethane extracts and their biophysical characteristics are analyzed by UV-vis spectrum and FTIR analysis. By spraying detection reagents onto TLC plates, the chemicals in dichloromethane extraction of chosen mushroom fungus mycelia were identified. Using the MTT test, the cytotoxic effect of dichloromethane extracts of selected mushroom fungi was evaluated on MCF7 Cell lines. RESULTS Mycelial extracts of P. djamor and P. florida exhibited significant antimicrobial effect on the bacterial and fungal pathogens tested. Dichloromethane mycelial extracts were obtained using soxhlet extraction which response positive for various phytochemical analysis. Detection of metabolites in thin layer chromatography using spray reagents documented one of few first accounts on flavonoids, anthroquinone and terpenoid compounds in P. djamor and P. florida. P. djamor and P. florida had dose-dependent antiproliferative activity against MCF7 cells, with an inhibitory impact of 55.72% and 64.47% percent at 125 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION The study has reported the identification with the potent biological activity of some of the key bioactive components present in DCM extracts from the mycelia of P. djamor and P. florida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanaiah Illuri
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Eyini M
- PG and Centre for Research in Botany, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kumar M
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Madras Christian College (Autonomous), Tambaram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Suresh Babu R
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Prema P
- Department of Zoology, VHNSN College (Autonomous), Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Binh Duong University, Thu Dau Mot, Viet Nam
| | - Najat A Bukhari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balaji P
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamilnadu, India.
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16
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Pothiraj C, Balaji P, Shanthi R, Gobinath M, Suresh Babu R, Munirah AAD, Ashraf AH, Ramesh Kumar K, Veeramanikandan V, Arumugam R. Evaluating antimicrobial activities of Acanthus ilicifolius L. and Heliotropium curassavicum L against bacterial pathogens: an in-vitro study. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1927-1934. [PMID: 34756814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomedical research, recently, focus more on searching for biomasses that contain extractable biologically active components for formulating new drugs. Halophytes growing in hyper saline conditions are expected to produce stress alleviating bioactive compounds. These phytochemicals could be the better raw materials for formulating new drugs. METHODS The purpose of this work was to describe physiologically active compounds from Acanthus ilicifolius and Heliotropium curassavicum that had antimicrobial, antioxidant and nutraceutical properties utilizing a variety of solvents. Analysis of bioactive compounds included the application of common phytochemical screening assays, proximate analysis, FTIR analysis and antioxidant assays. The disc diffusion technique was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts. RESULTS Highest extraction yield was observed with methanol. A. ilicifolius methanolic extracts included a variety of bioactive components, including alkaloids, saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and terpenoids. H. curassavicum extracts showed the presence of all the phytochemicals except cardiac glycosides. The overall phenolic concentration and antioxidant capacity of A. ilicifolius were substantially greater. The antimicrobial assays explored that among the tested bacterial pathogens viz., Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, significant level of control was observed in E. coli, K. pneumoniae and B. subtilis, which were significantly susceptible to both the plant extracts at a concentration of 50 μg/ml. CONCLUSION The reports from the current investigation explored the possibility of utilizing these halophytes in nutraceutical formulations. The current study sheds light on the possibility of halophytes as natural secondary metabolites and bioactive chemicals with potential for antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulraj Balaji
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramkumar Shanthi
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Muthukrishnan Gobinath
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rangasamy Suresh Babu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Abdullah Al-Dosary Munirah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atef Hatamleh Ashraf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ramasubramanian Arumugam
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India.
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Guimarães AS, Guimarães JS, Araújo ABS, Rodrigues LM, Carvalho EEN, Ramos ADLS, Ramos EM. Characterization of natural curing agents from Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus L.) for their use in clean label restructured cooked meat products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Kim S, Song H, Hur Y. Intron-retained radish (Raphanus sativus L.) RsMYB1 transcripts found in colored-taproot lines enhance anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1735-1749. [PMID: 34308490 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overexpression of the naturally occurring intron-retained (IR) forms of radish RsMYB1 and RsTT8 transcripts in Arabidopsis causes a substantial increase in anthocyanin accumulation. The production of anthocyanins in plants is tightly controlled by the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex. In this study, analysis of four radish (Raphanus sativus L.) inbred lines with different colored taproots revealed that regulatory genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis, RsMYB1 and RsTT8, produce three transcripts, one completely spliced and two intron retention (IR1 and IR2) forms. Transcripts RsMYB1-IR1 and RsMYB1-IR2 retained the 1st (380 nt) and 2nd (149 nt) introns, respectively; RsTT8-IR1 retained the 4th intron (113 nt); RsTT8-IR2 retained both the 3rd (128 nt) and 4th introns. Levels of most IR forms were substantially low in radish samples, but the RsTT8-IR2 level was higher than RsTT8 in red skin/red flesh (RsRf) root. Since all IR forms contained a stop codon within the intron, they were predicted to encode truncated proteins with defective interaction domains, resulting in the inability to form the MBW complex in vivo. However, tobacco leaves transiently co-expressing RsMYB1-IRs and RsTT8-IRs showed substantially higher anthocyanin accumulation than those co-expressing their spliced forms. Consistently, co-expression of constructs encoding truncated proteins with spliced or IR forms of their interaction partner in tobacco leaves did not result in anthocyanin accumulation. Compared with RsMYB1, the overexpression of RsMYB1-IRs in Arabidopsis pap1 mutant increased anthocyanin accumulation by > sevenfold and upregulated the expression of Arabidopsis flavonoid biosynthesis genes including AtTT8. Our results suggest that the stable co-expression of RsMYB1-IRs in fruit trees and vegetable crops could be used to increase their anthocyanin contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkang Hur
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Stage- and Rearing-Dependent Metabolomics Profiling of Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Its Pipeline Products. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080666. [PMID: 34442232 PMCID: PMC8396551 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cordyceps, a parasitic complex of the fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae) and the ghost moth Thitarodes (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), is a historical ethnopharmacological commodity in China. Recently, artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps has been established to supplement the dwindling natural resources. However, much is unknown between the natural and cultivated products in terms of nutritional aspect, which may provide essential information for quality evaluation. The current study aims to determine the metabolic profiles of 17 treatments from 3 sample groups including O. sinensis fungus, Thitarodes insect and cordyceps complex, using Gas Chromatography - Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. A total of 98 metabolites were detected, with 90 of them varying in concentrations among groups. The tested groups could be separated, except that fungal fruiting body was clustered into the same group as Chinese cordyceps. The main distinguishing factors for the groups studied were the 24 metabolites involved in numerous different metabolic pathways. In conclusion, metabolomics of O. sinensis and its related products were determined mainly by the fruiting bodies other than culture methods. Our results suggest that artificially cultured fruiting bodies and cordyceps may share indistinguishable metabolic functions as the natural ones.
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20
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Development of Molecular Markers for Predicting Radish ( Raphanus sativus) Flesh Color Based on Polymorphisms in the RsTT8 Gene. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071386. [PMID: 34371589 PMCID: PMC8309288 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivars are a rich source of health-promoting anthocyanins and are considered a potential source of natural colorants used in the cosmetic industry. However, the development of red radish cultivars via conventional breeding is very difficult, given the unusual inheritance of the anthocyanin accumulation trait in radishes. Therefore, molecular markers linked with radish color are needed to facilitate radish breeding. Here, we characterized the RsTT8 gene isolated from four radish genotypes with different skin and flesh colors. Sequence analysis of RsTT8 revealed a large number of polymorphisms, including insertion/deletions (InDels), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and simple sequence repeats (SSRs), between the red-fleshed and white-fleshed radish cultivars. To develop molecular markers on the basis of these polymorphisms for discriminating between radish genotypes with different colored flesh tissues, we designed four primer sets specific to the RsTT8 promoter, InDel, SSR, and WD40/acidic domain (WD/AD), and tested these primers on a diverse collection of radish lines. Except for the SSR-specific primer set, all primer sets successfully discriminated between red-fleshed and white-fleshed radish lines. Thus, we developed three molecular markers that can be efficiently used for breeding red-fleshed radish cultivars.
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21
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Li W, Gu M, Gong P, Wang J, Hu Y, Hu Y, Tan X, Wei J, Yang H. Glycosides changed the stability and antioxidant activity of pelargonidin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Gamba M, Asllanaj E, Raguindin PF, Glisic M, Franco OH, Minder B, Bussler W, Metzger B, Kern H, Muka T. Nutritional and phytochemical characterization of radish (Raphanus sativus): A systematic review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Yeo HJ, Park CH, Park YE, Hyeon H, Kim JK, Lee SY, Park SU. Metabolic profiling and antioxidant activity during flower development in Agastache rugosa. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:445-455. [PMID: 33854275 PMCID: PMC7981361 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our previous study showed that flowers of Agastache rugosa had higher phenolic levels and higher antibacterial and antioxidant capacity compared to those of the leaves and stems. The aim of this study was to provide information on the variation in primary and secondary metabolites during flower development in A. rugosa by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and assays of total anthocyanin (TAC), flavonoid (TFC), and phenolic content (TPC), as well as gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) analysis. Assays of TPC, TAC, and TFC showed that the floral bud (stage I) contained higher TPC than did the partially open flower (stage II) and fully open flower (stage III). However, the TFC was the highest at stage II, and the highest TAC was observed at stage III. Furthermore, HPLC analysis revealed that the level of total phenylpropanoids, including rosmarinic acid, tilianin, acacetin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, rutin, (-)-epicatechin, quercetin, and kaempferol, was higher in stages I and II, but the concentrations of rutin and rosmarinic acid were highest in stage III. A total of 43 compounds, including amino acids, organic acids, phenolic compounds, sugars, photorespiration-related compounds, and intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were identified through GC-TOFMS analysis. Of these compounds, most amino acids decreased during flower development. In contrast, the increase in concentrations of glucose and sucrose were observed from stages I to III. In this study, health-beneficial compounds were identified and quantified in flowers of A. rugosa. Accordingly, our results suggests that A. rugosa flowers can potentially be used as biomaterials for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and related industries. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s12298-021-00945-z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Ye Eun Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Hyejin Hyeon
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Marine Bio Research Center, Chosun University, 61-220 Myeongsasimni, Sinji-myeon, Wando-gun, 59146 Jeollanamdo Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
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Mayasankaravalli C, Deepika K, Esther Lydia D, Agada R, Thagriki D, Govindasamy C, Chinnadurai V, Othman Gatar OM, Khusro A, Kim YO, Kim HJ. Profiling the phyto-constituents of Punica granatum fruits peel extract and accessing its in-vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory properties. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3228-3234. [PMID: 33304128 PMCID: PMC7715522 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This context was investigated to assess the in vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition traits of Punica granatum fruits peel extract. Initially, among various extracts tested, aqueous and ethanolic peel extracts depicted the presence of diverse phytoconstituents. In vitro antioxidative properties of peel extracts were determined using standard methodologies. Results showed that aqueous and ethanolic extracts had IC50 values of 471.7 and 509.16 μg/mL, respectively in terms of 1,1,diphenyl 2,2,picrylhydrazyl scavenging. Likewise, IC50 values of aqueous and ethanol extract were obtained as 488.76 and 478.47 μg/mL towards the degradation of hydrogen peroxide. The ethanolic extract exhibited the highest inhibition of α-glucosidase by showing activity of 53.34 ± 2.0 to 15.18 ± 1.4 U/L in a dose dependent manner (100–1000 µg/mL). Ethanolic extract was reported as the most active inhibitor of lipase with an IC50 value of 603.50 µg/mL. Ethanolic extract showed increased inhibition of ACE in a concentration dependent manner (100–1000 µg/mL) with IC50 value of 519.45 µg/mL. Fourier transform-infrared spectrum revealed the availability of various functional groups in the ethanolic extract of peel. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry chromatogram of peel extract illustrated 23 diversified chemical constituents including 1,2,3,4-butanetetrol, Dimethyl sulfone, 9-octadecenamide, and Pentadecanoic acid as predominant compounds. In summary, P. granatum fruits peel extract revealed promising antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-hypertensive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mayasankaravalli
- Food Chemistry and Food Processing, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 34, India
| | - K Deepika
- Food Chemistry and Food Processing, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 34, India
| | - D Esther Lydia
- Food Chemistry and Food Processing, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 34, India
| | - Reuben Agada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Nigeria
| | - Dluya Thagriki
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, 4, Raja S.C., Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Veeramani Chinnadurai
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Mohammed Othman Gatar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai 34, India
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Identification of novel bioactive molecules from garlic bulbs: A special effort to determine the anticancer potential against lung cancer with targeted drugs. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3274-3289. [PMID: 33304133 PMCID: PMC7715046 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.), is a predominant spice, which is used as an herbal medicine and flavoring agent, since ancient times. It has a rich source of various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids, which have various pharmacological properties. Garlic is used in the treatment of various ailments such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aims to explore the plausible mechanisms of the selected phytocompounds as potential inhibitors against the known drug targets of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The phytocompounds of garlic were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique. Subsequently, the identified phytocompounds were subjected to molecular docking to predict the binding with the drug targets, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) and group IIa secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA). Molecular dynamics is used to predict the stability of the identified phytocompounds against NSCLC drug targets by refining the intermolecular interactions formed between them. Among the 12 phytocompounds of garlic, three compounds[1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-2-azulenyl]phenylmethanone, 2,4-bis(1-phenylethyl)-phenol and 4,5–2 h-oxazole-5-one,4-[3,5-di-t-butyl-4-methoxyphenyl] methylene-2-phenyl were identified as potential inhibitors, which might be suitable for targeting the different clinical forms of EGFR and dual inhibition of the studied drug targets to combat NSCLC. The result of this study suggest that these identified phytocompounds from garlic would serve as promising leads for the development of lead molecules to design new multi-targeting drugs to address the different clinical forms of NSCLC.
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Diaconeasa Z, Știrbu I, Xiao J, Leopold N, Ayvaz Z, Danciu C, Ayvaz H, Stǎnilǎ A, Nistor M, Socaciu C. Anthocyanins, Vibrant Color Pigments, and Their Role in Skin Cancer Prevention. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E336. [PMID: 32916849 PMCID: PMC7555344 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Until today, numerous studies evaluated the topic of anthocyanins and various types of cancer, regarding the anthocyanins' preventative and inhibitory effects, underlying molecular mechanisms, and such. However, there is no targeted review available regarding the anticarcinogenic effects of dietary anthocyanins on skin cancers. If diagnosed at the early stages, the survival rate of skin cancer is quite high. Nevertheless, the metastatic form has a short prognosis. In fact, the incidence of melanoma skin cancer, the type with high mortality, has increased exponentially over the last 30 years, causing the majority of skin cancer deaths. Malignant melanoma is considered a highly destructive type of skin cancer due to its particular capacity to grow and spread faster than any other type of cancers. Plants, in general, have been used in disease treatment for a long time, and medicinal plants are commonly a part of anticancer drugs on the market. Accordingly, this work primarily aims to emphasize the most recent improvements on the anticarcinogenic effects of anthocyanins from different plant sources, with an in-depth emphasis on melanoma skin cancer. We also briefly summarized the anthocyanin chemistry, their rich dietary sources in flowers, fruits, and vegetables, as well as their associated potential health benefits. Additionally, the importance of anthocyanins in topical applications such as their use in cosmetics is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorița Diaconeasa
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Știrbu
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Zayde Ayvaz
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Technology Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey;
| | - Corina Danciu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Huseyin Ayvaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Canakkale, Turkey;
| | - Andreea Stǎnilǎ
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mǎdǎlina Nistor
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.S.); (M.N.); (C.S.)
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Li W, Pang X, Xiao J, Wang X, He R, Zhao X. Degradation kinetics of pelargonidin-3-(p-coumaroyl)diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside and pelargonidin-3-(feruloyl)diglucoside-5-(malonyl)glucoside in red radish during air-impingement jet drying. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li W, Bi J, Li Y, Chen C, Zhao X, Zheng Q, Tan S, Gao X. Chemometric analysis reveals influences of hot air drying on the degradation of polyphenols in red radish. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2019-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHot air drying is a commonly used technology in the preservation of red radish. This study was designed to investigate the correlations among total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activities and polyphenol compounds in hot air dried red radish via chemometric analysis. UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS analysis detected nine non-anthocyanin polyphenols and one anthocyanin in fresh and dried red radish samples, and found that hot air drying at 80 °C caused an increase in the p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid content of the red radish. The integral effect of hot air drying on the polyphenol profile of red radish was analyzed by principle component analysis, while sparse partial least squares-discriminant analysis showed that hot air drying induced changes mainly in the contents of poncirin, naringenin, phloetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside. These polyphenol degradations occurred as non-spontaneous and endothermic reactions during the hot air drying process, following first-order reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 16 Juxian Road, Fuling District, 408100, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Bi
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 408100, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 408100, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlian Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 408100, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, 400067, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoran Zheng
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 408100, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Tan
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 408100, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxv Gao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, 408100, Chongqing, China
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Devanathadesikan Seshadri V, Vijayaraghavan P, Kim YO, Kim HJ, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi A, Elshikh MS, Al-Dosary MA, Alsubaie QD. In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of polyherbal extracts from Vetiveria zizanioides, Trichosanthes cucumerina, and Mollugo cerviana on HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1475-1481. [PMID: 32489283 PMCID: PMC7254031 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various metabolites exist in the medicinal plants have lot of potential to cure various diseases and disorders. Plants such as, Vetiveria zizanioides, Trichosanthes cucumerina, and Mollugo cerviana were collected from Western Ghats, Tamilnadu, India. Phytochemicals were extracted from these plants using various organic solvents and tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The phytochemicals such as, carbohydrate, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids and tannin were detected from these medicinal plants. Among the extracts, methanol showed potent activity and this solvent was used to extract polyherbal medicinal plants. Methanol extract of V. zizanioides was found to be highly active against E. coli (27 ± 2 mm), P. mirabilis (19 ± 3 mm) and B. subtilis (18 ± 2 mm). Ethyl acetate extract showed high activity against E. coli (24 ± 2 mm), P. mirabilis (22 ± 3 mm) and B. subtilis (20 ± 1 mm). These three plants were taken at 1:1:1 ratio and extracted with methanol at 1:10 ratio and synergistic activity was tested against bacterial pathogens. Synergistic activity of polyherbal extract was analyzed. The extracted crude herbal medicine was found to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Enterbacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Proteus mirabilis. The zone of inhibition was 33 ± 3 mm, 17 ± 2 mm, 22 ± 2 mm, 40 ± 2 mm, 33 ± 1 mm and 38 ± 2 mm zone of inhibition against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, B. subtilis and Enterobacter sp. Polyherbal extract was found to be highly effective against P. mirabilis and Enterobacter sp. MIC values of polyherbal extract ranged from 29 ± 2.5 µg/ml to 34 ± 2.5 µg/ml. MIC value was found to be less against P. mirabilis and was high against S. aureus. Antioxidant property varied between 49 ± 3% and 95.3 ± 2%. At 20 µg/ml antioxidant activity was reported as 49 ± 3% and it was increased at higher concentrations of polyherbal extract. Two cell lines (HeLa and MCF cell lines) were selected to analyze cytotoxic activity of polyherbal extract. The methanol extract of polyherbal fraction showed cytotoxicity against these two cell lines. The LC50 value was 467 ± 2.9 µg/ml against HeLa cell line and >800 µg/ml against MCF-7 cell lines. The polyherbal extract showed antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Devanathadesikan Seshadri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - P Vijayaraghavan
- Bioprocessing Engineering Division, Smykon Biotech Pvt. LtD, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Y-O Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseung-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - H-J Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monerah A Al-Dosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera flower and assessment of antimicrobial and sensing properties. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 205:111836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ramadevi S, Kaleeswaran B, Ilavenil S, Upgade A, Tamilvendan D, Rajakrishnan R, Alfarhan A, Kim YO, Kim HJ. Effect of traditionally used herb Pedalium murex L. and its active compound pedalitin on urease expression - For the management of kidney stone. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:833-839. [PMID: 32127759 PMCID: PMC7042614 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pedalium murex L. is a medicinal herb that has been used for the treatment of diseases related to kidney in the traditional system of medicine. The current study aims to study the effect of ethyl acetate extract of P. murex (EAEP) and its fractionated compound pedalitin against urease production and UreC gene expression in Proteus mirabilis. The selected reference strain Proteus mirabilis (MTCC 425) and the isolates culture of Proteus mirabilis were subjected to study the antibacterial efficacy of P. murex. Expression analysis of P. mirabilis urease gene was successfully done by QPCR. The ethyl acetate extract effectively inhibit the reference Proteus mirabilis and bacterial isolates of Proteus mirabilis in the clinical samples studied. EAEP has showed more potent activity (56.7%) against urease enzyme and pedalitin also exhibited potent activity (30.1%). Using qPCR, the expression of UreC gene of P. mirabilis was controlled by EAEP and also its bioactive compound pedalitin. The present study clearly demonstrated the potency of P. murex in controlling the growth of pathogenic P. mirabilis and to control the expression of urease enzyme production as well as to restrict the urease gene expression in P. mirabilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ramadevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bon Secours College of Education for Women, Vilar, Bypass Road, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B. Kaleeswaran
- Department of Zoology and Biotechnology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Ilavenil
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Akilesh Upgade
- Department of Microbiology, Shree N and N Virani Science College (Autonomous), Rajkot, Gujarat 360005, India
| | - D. Tamilvendan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - R. Rajakrishnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A.H. Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Y.-O. Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseung-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - H.-J. Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Balaji P, Madhanraj R, Rameshkumar K, Veeramanikandan V, Eyini M, Arun A, Thulasinathan B, Al Farraj D, Elshikh M, Alokda A, Mahmoud A, Tack JC, Kim HJ. Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Pleurotus pulmonarius against streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic wistar albino rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:913-924. [PMID: 32127771 PMCID: PMC7042672 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research aims to evaluate the antidiabetic properties of Pleurotus pulmonarius, an edible basidiomycetes mushroom fungi in diabetic induced wistar albino rats. Mycelial Hot Water Extracts (HWE) and Acetone Extracts (AE) of Pleurotus pulmonarius was orally administrated to STZ-NA induced (55 mg/kilogram body weight) diabetic wistar albino rats at a concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The outcomes revealed that the HWE of Pleurotus pulmonarius resulted in a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in blood glucose level. A noteworthy (p < 0.001) reduction in serum lipid profile and elevation in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) after administration with HWE, also demonstrating the protective effects of HWE in diabetes-related complications. Besides all antidiabetic parameters, pathological morphology of the pancreas, liver and kidney are regularised. This observation indicated that HWE of Pleurotus pulmonarius possessed higher antidiabetic activity than AE. Besides, HWE also promoted a significant control of alpha amylase enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner with a maximum activity of 99.23% inhibition at 1000 µg/ml. The outcomes of the present study indicated that the HWE possesses a potential antidiabetic activity both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, it can be used as a nontoxic complementary drug in the controlling of diabetes and related complications, thus providing scientific authentication of its use as an antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Balaji
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R. Madhanraj
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - K. Rameshkumar
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Vivekananda College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V. Veeramanikandan
- PG and Research Centre in Microbiology, MGR College, Hosur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M. Eyini
- Centre for Research and PG Studies in Botany, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A. Arun
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Boobalan Thulasinathan
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D.A. Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M.S. Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A.M. Alokda
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institution, Alexandria university, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A.H. Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - J.-C. Tack
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - H.-J. Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Lai B, Cheng Y, Liu H, Wang Q, Wang Q, Wang C, Su R, Chen F, Wang H, Du L. Differential anthocyanin accumulation in radish taproot: importance of RsMYB1 gene structure. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:217-226. [PMID: 31728702 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
RsMYB1a was the crucial MYB, and RsbHLH4 is the essential partner in regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish. There are four color types of radish according to whether or not the anthocyanin accumulates in the skin and flesh of taproot. Red radishes accumulate a substantial amount of anthocyanins in both the skin and flesh. It is well known that the MYB-bHLH-WD40 transcription factor(s) complex regulates the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in plants. Here in, four candidate MYB and bHLH genes, RsMYB1a, RsMYB1b, RsbHLH2 and RsbHLH4, were isolated from red radish 'Hongxin 1'. The expression of RsbHLH4 and the two structural genes RsANS and RsUFGT was significantly positively correlated with anthocyanin contents. The expression of RsMYB1a was also highly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation, particularly when the white flesh sample of 'Hongxin 1-1' was excluded. The transient expression of RsMYB1a in the radish cotyledon and leaf induced anthocyanin accumulation with even stronger promoting role when expression in combination with RsbHLH4. These results suggested that RsMYB1a was the crucial MYB, and that RsbHLH4 is an essential partner in regulating the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in radish. The low or undetectable RsbHLH4 expression paralleled the lack of anthocyanin accumulation in the white flesh of 'Hongxin 1-1' and 'Shaguan 1'. Assays demonstrated that RsMYB1a interacted with RsbHLH4 and activated the expression of RsbHLH4. Notably, all the dark red radish cultivars have a longer RsMYB1a genomic DNA sequence, while the short and nonfunctional RsMYB1a is present in non-red cultivars. The length of the first intron and the presence of an early stop codon of RsMYB1 might underlie the differential anthocyanin accumulation in the radish taproot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Lai
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyi Cheng
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlan Wang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Su
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabo Chen
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, People's Republic of China
| | - Huicong Wang
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, People's Republic of China.
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lina Du
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, People's Republic of China.
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Syed A, Benit N, Alyousef AA, Alqasim A, Arshad M. In-vitro antibacterial, antioxidant potentials and cytotoxic activity of the leaves of Tridax procumbens. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:757-761. [PMID: 32210697 PMCID: PMC6997847 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the phytochemicals, antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic effect of Tridax procumbens leaves. The leaves were dried and extracted with various organic solvents. The leaves contained the phytochemicals such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, polyphenols and tannins respectively. Antimicrobial potentials of the extracts were determined by performing the disc diffusion techniques. Results revealed that different organic solvents extracts namely methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts documented comparatively good activity against the studied microbial strains. The methanol extract of leaves of T. procumbens showed combatively better antioxidant potential. The tested plant leaf extract showed high activity against human lung cancer cells than breast cancer cell lines. 250 µg/ml plants extract showed 84 ± 2.8% toxicity against human lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Natarajan Benit
- Department of Botany, Holy Cross College, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdullah A. Alyousef
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alqasim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Koley TK, Khan Z, Oulkar D, Singh B, Maurya A, Singh B, Banerjee K. High resolution LC-MS characterization of phenolic compounds and the evaluation of antioxidant properties of a tropical purple radish genotype. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Baek SA, Im KH, Park SU, Oh SD, Choi J, Kim JK. Dynamics of Short-Term Metabolic Profiling in Radish Sprouts ( Raphanus sativus L.) in Response to Nitrogen Deficiency. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100361. [PMID: 31547524 PMCID: PMC6843509 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient important for the survival of plants. To investigate the effects of N deficiency, a time-course metabolic profiling of radish sprouts was performed. A total of 81 metabolites—including organic acids, inorganic acid, amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, amines, amide, sugar phosphates, policosanols, tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and glucosinolates—were characterized. Principal component analysis and heat map showed distinction between samples grown under different N conditions, as well as with time. Using PathVisio, metabolic shift in biosynthetic pathways was visualized using the metabolite data obtained for 7 days. The amino acids associated with glucosinolates accumulated as an immediate response against –N condition. The synthesis of pigments and glucosinolates was decreased, but monosaccharides and γ-tocopherol were increased as antioxidants in radish sprouts grown in –N condition. These results indicate that in radish sprouts, response to N deficiency occurred quickly and dynamically. Thus, this metabolic phenotype reveals that radish responds quickly to N deficiency by increasing the content of soluble sugars and γ-tocopherol, which acts as a defense mechanism after the germination of radish seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Hoan Im
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sung-Dug Oh
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea.
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
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de la Fuente B, López-García G, Máñez V, Alegría A, Barberá R, Cilla A. Evaluation of the Bioaccessibility of Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds and Minerals of Four Genotypes of Brassicaceae Microgreens. Foods 2019; 8:foods8070250. [PMID: 31324050 PMCID: PMC6679176 DOI: 10.3390/foods8070250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgreens constitute an emerging class of fresh, healthy foods due to their nutritional composition. In this study the content of minerals and antioxidant bioactive compounds, and for the first time bioaccessibility, were evaluated in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck), green curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.), red mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) hydroponic microgreens. Macro- (K, Ca, Mg) and oligo-elements (Fe, Zn), ascorbic acid, total soluble polyphenols, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins, total isothiocyanates and total antioxidant capacity (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) were determined before and after the standardized simulated gastrointestinal digestion process. All microgreens provided relevant amounts of vitamin C (31-56 mg/100 g fresh weight) and total carotenoids (162-224 mg β-carotene/100 g dry weight). Mineral content was comparable to that normally found in hydroponic microgreens and the low potassium levels observed would allow their dietetic recommendation for patients with impaired kidney function. Both total soluble polyphenols and total isothiocyanates were the greatest contributors to the total antioxidant capacity after digestion (43-70% and 31-63% bioaccessibility, respectively) while macroelements showed an important bioaccessibility (34-90%). In general, radish and mustard presented the highest bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds and minerals. Overall, the four hydroponic Brassicaceae microgreens present a wide array of antioxidant bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de la Fuente
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriel López-García
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Máñez
- CIAM (Centro de Innovación Agronómico_Grupo Alimentario Citrus), Avda. dels Gremis, Parcela 28. Pol. Ind. Sector 13, Riba-roja de Túria, 46394 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Reyes Barberá
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain.
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Park CH, Morgan AMA, Park BB, Lee SY, Lee S, Kim JK, Park SU. Metabolic Analysis of Four Cultivars of Liriope platyphylla. Metabolites 2019; 9:E59. [PMID: 30917595 PMCID: PMC6468586 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liriope platyphylla (Liliaceae), a medical plant distributed mainly in China, Taiwan, and Korea, has been used traditionally for the treatment of cough, sputum, asthma, and neurodegenerative diseases. The present study involved the metabolic profiling of this plant and reports spicatoside A accumulation in four different varieties of L. platyphylla (Cheongyangjaerae, Seongsoo, Cheongsim, and Liriope Tuber No. 1) using HPLC and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC⁻TOFMS). A total of 47 metabolites were detected in the different cultivars using GC⁻TOFMS-based metabolic profiling. The resulting data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) for determining the whole experimental variation, and the different cultivars were separated by score plots. Furthermore, hierarchical clustering, Pearson's correlation, and partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) were subsequently performed to determine significant differences in the various metabolites of the cultivars. The HPLC data revealed that the presence of spicatoside A was detected in all four cultivars, with the amount of spicatoside A varying among them. Among the cultivars, Liriope Tuber No. 1 contained the highest amount of spicatoside A (1.83 ± 0.13 mg/g dry weight), followed by Cheongyangjaerae (1.25 ± 0.01 mg/g dry weight), Cheongsim (1.09 ± 0.04 mg/g dry weight), and Seongsoo (1.01 ± 0.02 mg/g dry weight). The identification of spicatoside A was confirmed by comparing the retention time of the sample with the retention time of the standard. Moreover, the Cheongsim cultivar contained higher levels of phenolic compounds-including vanillic acid, quinic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and benzoic acid-than those of the other two cultivars. On the other hand, the levels of amino acids were higher in the Seongsoo cultivar. Therefore, this study may help breeders produce new varieties with improved nutraceutical and nutritional qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | | | - Byung Bae Park
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Marine Bio Research Center, Chosun University, 61-220 Myeongsasimni, Sinji-myeon, Wando-gun, Jeollanamdo 59146, Korea.
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Korea.
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Park CH, Yeo HJ, Baskar TB, Park YE, Park JS, Lee SY, Park SU. In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Flower, Leaf, and Stem Extracts of Korean Mint. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030075. [PMID: 30917545 PMCID: PMC6466538 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, Agastache rugosa (Korean mint) has been widely used to treat various infectious diseases. The aims of this study were to: (i) determine the phenylpropanoid content of the plant using high-performance liquid chromatography; (ii) undertake total anthocyanin, flavonoid, and phenolic assays; (iii) and evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the methanol extracts from the stem, leaves, and flowers of Korean mint. The total anthocyanin, flavonoid, and phenolic content assays showed that the flowers had higher phenolic levels than the stem and leaves. The reducing power, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl superoxide radical scavenging abilities, and the hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activities were also evaluated so that the antioxidant activities of the extracts from the different plant parts could be evaluated. The flower extracts revealed higher antioxidant properties than the other parts. The antibacterial properties of the methanol extracts from A. rugosa were analyzed by the disc diffusion method, and the flower extracts had higher antibacterial activities against the six bacterial strains used in the study than the other parts. This study provides information on the synergistic antioxidant and antibacterial properties of phenolics derived from the different parts of Korean mint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Thanislas Bastin Baskar
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Ye Eun Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Jong Seok Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Marine Bio Research Center, Chosun University, 61-220 Myeongsasimni, Sinji-myeon, Wando-gun, Jeollanamdo 59146, Korea.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Looking at Flavonoid Biodiversity in Horticultural Crops: A Colored Mine with Nutritional Benefits. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7040098. [PMID: 30405037 PMCID: PMC6313872 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids represent a wide group of plant secondary metabolites implicated in many physiological roles, from the attraction of pollinators to the protection against biotic or abiotic stresses. Flavonoids are synthetized in a number of horticultural crops that are important components of our daily diet. In the last decades, the consumption of vegetables rich in antioxidants has been strongly promoted from the perspective of prevention/protection against chronic diseases. Therefore, due to their nutritional importance, several attempts have been made to enhance flavonoid levels in species of agronomic interest. In this review, we focus on the flavonoid biodiversity among the major horticultural species, which is responsible of differences among closely related species and influences the qualitative/quantitative composition. We also review the role of flavonoids in the nutritional quality of plant products, contributing to their organoleptic and nutritional properties, and the main strategies of biofortification to increase their content.
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Yeo HJ, Park CH, Lee KB, Kim JK, Park JS, Lee JW, Park SU. Metabolic Analysis of Vigna unguiculata Sprouts Exposed to Different Light-Emitting Diodes. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to determine the effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on plant metabolism, the present study examined the primary and secondary metabolite profiles of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. sprouts that were exposed to red, blue, white, or a combination of red and blue LEDs using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). A total of 39 hydrophilic compounds were identified and quantitated using GC-TOF-MS, and six phenylpropanoids and six carotenoids were quantified using HPLC. The plants grown under blue LED light contained the highest level of total carotenoids (253.72 ± 17.27 μg/g) and phenylpropanoids (2600.51 ± 4.90 μg/g). Thus, the current study provides a new approach for enhancing the carotenoid and phenylpropanoid production of V. unguiculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kyoung Bok Lee
- Division of Life Sciencesand Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciencesand Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jong Seok Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Lee
- Department of Horticulture Environment System, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1515, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Park CH, Park SY, Lee SY, Kim JK, Park SU. Analysis of Metabolites in White Flowers of Magnolia Denudata Desr. and Violet Flowers of Magnolia Liliiflora Desr. Molecules 2018; 23:E1558. [PMID: 29954130 PMCID: PMC6100211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of seven phenolics and 44 metabolites was profiled in white flowers of Magnolia denudata and violet flowers of Magnolia liliiflora using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS). Seven phenylpropanoid compounds were identified in white flowers by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). An HPLC analysis showed that phenylpropanoid accumulation in violet flowers was 1.48 times higher than that in white flowers. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were determined to investigate the antioxidant properties of secondary metabolites in different flowers. Violet flowers showed higher SOD-like and DPPH activity than white flowers. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity measured using a nitric oxide assay was higher in violet flowers than in white flowers. Our results provide valuable information on the relationship between primary and secondary metabolites, and synergistic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties derived from phenolic compounds in different colored flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Soo-Yun Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 54875, Korea.
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science & Engineering, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea.
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Park CH, Yeo HJ, Kim NS, Park YE, Park SY, Kim JK, Park SU. Metabolomic Profiling of the White, Violet, and Red Flowers of Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. Molecules 2018; 23:E827. [PMID: 29617312 PMCID: PMC6017568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. is a garden plant that is also used for natural medicines as a consequence of the biological activities of its diverse metabolites. We accordingly profiled two anthocyanins and 40 primary and secondary metabolites in the three different colored flowers. The major anthocyanins found in the flowers were cyanidins. The red flowers exhibited the highest accumulation of anthocyanins (1.02 ± 0.02 mg/g dry weight). Principal component analysis was applied to the GC‒TOFMS data. The levels of key tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in red flowers, such as succinic acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid, were found to be highly significantly different (p < 0.0001) from those in the flowers of other colors. In this study, we aimed to determine metabolite interactions and phenotypic variation among white, violet, and red flowers of R. schlippenbachii by using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC‒TOFMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Nam Su Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Ye Eun Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Soo-Yun Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 54875, Korea.
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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Sun Y, Wang J, Qiu Y, Liu T, Song J, Li X. Identification of 'Xinlimei' radish candidate genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis based on a transcriptome analysis. Gene 2018. [PMID: 29518548 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Radish is an economically important vegetable crop belonging to the family Brassicaceae. The high anthocyanin content of the 'Xinlimei' radish roots has been associated with diverse health benefits. However, there is a lack of transcript-level information regarding anthocyanin biosynthesis. In the present study, the 'Xinlimei' radish root transcriptome was analyzed by RNA sequencing at five developmental stages. A total of 222,384,034 clean reads were obtained and 32,253 unigenes were annotated. Expression profiles revealed 10,890 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the five analyzed libraries. The DEGs were predominantly involved in KEGG pathways related to the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, flavone, and flavonol. The transcriptome data revealed 44 structural and 182 transcription factor genes (TFs) associated with the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Ten structural genes (i.e., 4CL3, CHSB2, CHS1, CHS3, F3H1, F3'H, DFR, DFR1, ANS, and UFGT) and two MYB genes, which were highly and differentially expressed during root development, may be critical for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, the co-expression of TFs and structural genes was analyzed. Three structural genes (i.e., DFR, ANS, and UFGT) were validated by molecular cloning. The qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression profiles of DEGs were generally consistent with the high-throughput sequencing results. These findings helped identify candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and may be useful for clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying the accumulation of anthocyanins in radish roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Sun
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tongjin Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xixiang Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Yang Z, Chambers H, DiCaprio E, Gao G, Li J. Internalization and dissemination of human norovirus and Tulane virus in fresh produce is plant dependent. Food Microbiol 2018; 69:25-32. [PMID: 28941906 PMCID: PMC6361382 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human norovirus (NoV) is a leading cause of fresh produce associated outbreaks. Previous research indicates that the roots of growing leafy greens and berries internalize human NoV. However the effect of plant type and inoculum level on internalization rates has not been directly compared. In this study we compared the internalization and dissemination rates of human NoV and its surrogate, Tulane virus (TV) in green onion, radishes, and Romaine lettuce. We also evaluated the effect inoculum level and plant growth matrix on the rate of viral internalization. In the hydroponic growth system, we detected internalization and dissemination of human NoV RNA in green onions. In hydroponically growing green onions inoculated with high titer TV, we found higher rates of internalization and dissemination compared to green onions inoculated with low titer TV. In soil growth systems, no infectious TV was detected in either green onion or radishes. However, in Romaine lettuce plants grown in soil approximately 4 log10 PFU/g was recovered from all tissues on day 14 p.i. Overall, we found that the type of plant, growth matrix, and the inoculum level influences the internalization and dissemination of human NoV and TV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Yang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heather Chambers
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erin DiCaprio
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gary Gao
- Department of Extension, College of Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; South Centers, The Ohio State University, Piketon, OH, USA.
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Park YJ, Lee HM, Shin M, Arasu MV, Chung DY, Al-Dhabi NA, Kim SJ. Effect of different proportion of sulphur treatments on the contents of glucosinolate in kale ( Brassica oleracea var. acephala) commonly consumed in Republic of Korea. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:349-353. [PMID: 29472789 PMCID: PMC5815982 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea L. Acephala Group) is the rich source of medicinal value sulphur compounds, glucosinolates (GLSs). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different proportion of sulphur (S) supplementation levels on the accumulation of GLSs in the leaves of the kale cultivar ('TBC'). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation method guided to identify and quantify six GSLs including three aliphatic (progoitrin, sinigrin and gluconapin) and three indolyl (glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and neoglucobrasscin) respectively. Analysis of these distinct levels of S supplementation revealed that the accumulation of individual and total GLSs was directly proportional to the S concentration. The maximum levels of total GLSs (26.8 µmol/g DW) and glucobrassicin (9.98 µmol/g DW) were found in lower and upper parts of the leaves supplemented with 1 mM and 2 mM S, respectively. Interestingly, aliphatic GSLs were noted predominant in all the parts (50.1, 59.3 and 56% of total GSLs). Among the aliphatic and indolyl GSLs, sinigrin and glucobrassicin account 35.3 and 30.88% of the total GSLs. From this study, it is concluded that supply of S enhance the GSLs accumulation in kale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Park
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Lee
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - MinJung Shin
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doug Young Chung
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sun-Ju Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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