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Mei SY, Zhang N, Wang MJ, Lv PR, Liu Q. Microglial purinergic signaling in Alzheimer's disease. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10029-8. [PMID: 38910192 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease. The prevalent features of AD pathogenesis are the appearance of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which cause microglial activation, synaptic deficiency, and neuronal loss. Microglia accompanies AD pathological processes and is also linked to cognitive deficits. Purinergic signaling has been shown to play a complex and tight interplay with the chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and production of pro-inflammatory factors in microglia, which is an important mechanism for regulating microglia activation. Here, we review recent evidence for interactions between AD, microglia, and purinergic signaling and find that the purinergic P2 receptors pertinently expressed on microglia are the ionotropic receptors P2X4 and P2X7, and the subtypes of P2YRs expressed by microglia are metabotropic receptors P2Y2, P2Y6, P2Y12, and P2Y13. The adenosine P1 receptors expressed in microglia include A1R, A2AR, and A2BR. Among them, the activation of P2X4, P2X7, and adenosine A1, A2A receptors expressed in microglia can aggravate the pathological process of AD, whereas P2Y2, P2Y6, P2Y12, and P2Y13 receptors expressed by microglia can induce neuroprotective effects. However, A1R activation also has a strong neuroprotective effect and has a significant anti-inflammatory effect in chronic neuroinflammation. These receptors regulate a variety of pathophysiological processes in AD, including APP processing, Aβ production, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review also provides key pharmacological advances in purinergic signaling receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ya Mei
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shi-Ji Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shi-Ji Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jing Wang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shi-Ji Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ran Lv
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shi-Ji Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Middle Section of Shi-Ji Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, People's Republic of China.
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Lemes Dos Santos Sanna P, Bernardes Carvalho L, Cristina Dos Santos Afonso C, de Carvalho K, Aires R, Souza J, Rodrigues Ferreira M, Birbrair A, Martha Bernardi M, Latini A, Foganholi da Silva RA. Adora2A downregulation promotes caffeine neuroprotective effect against LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. Brain Res 2024; 1833:148866. [PMID: 38494098 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Caffeine has been extensively studied in the context of CNS pathologies as many researchers have shown that consuming it reduces pro-inflammatory biomarkers, potentially delaying the progression of neurodegenerative pathologies. Several lines of evidence suggest that adenosine receptors, especially A1 and A2A receptors, are the main targets of its neuroprotective action. We found that caffeine pretreatment 15 min before LPS administration reduced the expression of Il1b in the hippocampus and striatum. The harmful modulation of caffeine-induced inflammatory response involved the downregulation of the expression of A2A receptors, especially in the hippocampus. Caffeine treatment alone promoted the downregulation of the adenosinergic receptor Adora2A; however, this promotion effect was reversed by LPS. Although administering caffeine increased the expression of the enzymes DNA methyltransferases 1 and 3A and decreased the expression of the demethylase enzyme Tet1, this effect was reversed by LPS in the hippocampus of mice that were administered Caffeine + LPS, relative to the basal condition; no significant differences were observed in the methylation status of the promoter regions of adenosine receptors. Finally, the bioinformatics analysis of the expanded network demonstrated the following results: the Adora2B gene connects the extended networks of the adenosine receptors Adora1 and Adora2A; the Mapk3 and Esr1 genes connect the extended Adora1 network; the Mapk4 and Arrb2 genes connect the extended Adora2A network with the extended network of the proinflammatory cytokine Il1β. These results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effects of acute caffeine administration in the hippocampus may be mediated by a complex network of interdependencies between the Adora2B and Adora2A genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kassia de Carvalho
- Center for Epigenetic Study and Genic Regulation - CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Aires
- Center for Epigenetic Study and Genic Regulation - CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jennyffer Souza
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Oxidative Stress - LABOX, Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Marcel Rodrigues Ferreira
- Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Experimental Research Unity, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, Brazil.
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maria Martha Bernardi
- Center for Epigenetic Study and Genic Regulation - CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Oxidative Stress - LABOX, Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Foganholi da Silva
- Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Epigenetic Study and Genic Regulation - CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Tejero A, León-Navarro DA, Martín M. Effect of Xanthohumol, a Bioactive Natural Compound from Hops, on Adenosine Pathway in Rat C6 Glioma and Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Lines. Nutrients 2024; 16:1792. [PMID: 38892725 PMCID: PMC11174739 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Xanthohumol (Xn) is an antioxidant flavonoid mainly extracted from hops (Humulus lupulus), one of the main ingredients of beer. As with other bioactive compounds, their therapeutic potential against different diseases has been tested, one of which is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Adenosine is a neuromodulatory nucleoside that acts through four different G protein-coupled receptors: A1 and A3, which inhibit the adenylyl cyclases (AC) pathway, and A2A and A2B, which stimulate this activity, causing either a decrease or an increase, respectively, in the release of excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate. This adenosinergic pathway, which is altered in AD, could be involved in the excitotoxicity process. Therefore, the aim of this work is to describe the effect of Xn on the adenosinergic pathway using cell lines. For this purpose, two different cellular models, rat glioma C6 and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y, were exposed to a non-cytotoxic 10 µM Xn concentration. Adenosine A1 and A2A, receptor levels, and activities related to the adenosine pathway, such as adenylate cyclase, protein kinase A, and 5'-nucleotidase, were analyzed. The adenosine A1 receptor was significantly increased after Xn exposure, while no changes in A2A receptor membrane levels or AC activity were reported. Regarding 5'-nucleotidases, modulation of their activity by Xn was noted since CD73, the extracellular membrane attached to 5'-nucleotidase, was significantly decreased in the C6 cell line. In conclusion, here we describe a novel pathway in which the bioactive flavonoid Xn could have potentially beneficial effects on AD as it increases membrane A1 receptors while modulating enzymes related to the adenosine pathway in cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Agustín León-Navarro
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Institute of Biomedicine, IDISCAM, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (A.T.); (M.M.)
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Areias F, Correia C, Rocha A, Teixeira S, Castro M, Brea J, Hu H, Carlsson J, Loza MI, Proença MF, Carvalho MA. 2-Aryladenine Derivatives as a Potent Scaffold for Adenosine Receptor Antagonists: The 6-Morpholino Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:2543. [PMID: 38893418 PMCID: PMC11173536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
A set of 2-aryl-9-H or methyl-6-morpholinopurine derivatives were synthesized and assayed through radioligand binding tests at human A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptor subtypes. Eleven purines showed potent antagonism at A1, A3, dual A1/A2A, A1/A2B, or A1/A3 adenosine receptors. Additionally, three compounds showed high affinity without selectivity for any specific adenosine receptor. The structure-activity relationships were made for this group of new compounds. The 9-methylpurine derivatives were generally less potent but more selective, and the 9H-purine derivatives were more potent but less selective. These compounds can be an important source of new biochemical tools and/or pharmacological drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Areias
- Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho (CQUM), Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.A.); (C.C.); (A.R.); (S.T.); (M.F.P.)
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda de Barcelona, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (J.B.); (M.I.L.)
- School of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Yachay City of Knowledge, Urcuqui 100119, Ecuador
| | - Carla Correia
- Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho (CQUM), Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.A.); (C.C.); (A.R.); (S.T.); (M.F.P.)
| | - Ashly Rocha
- Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho (CQUM), Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.A.); (C.C.); (A.R.); (S.T.); (M.F.P.)
| | - Sofia Teixeira
- Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho (CQUM), Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.A.); (C.C.); (A.R.); (S.T.); (M.F.P.)
| | - Marián Castro
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda de Barcelona, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (J.B.); (M.I.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose Brea
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda de Barcelona, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (J.B.); (M.I.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Huabin Hu
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (H.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (H.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Maria I. Loza
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda de Barcelona, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.C.); (J.B.); (M.I.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Fernanda Proença
- Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho (CQUM), Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.A.); (C.C.); (A.R.); (S.T.); (M.F.P.)
| | - M. Alice Carvalho
- Centre of Chemistry of University of Minho (CQUM), Campus de Gualtar, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (F.A.); (C.C.); (A.R.); (S.T.); (M.F.P.)
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Dolciami D, Ziolek RM, Davies DW, Carter M, Mok NY, Sherhod R. Exploiting Vector Pattern Diversity of Molecular Scaffolds for Cheminformatics Tasks in Drug Discovery. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1966-1974. [PMID: 38437714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Chemical diversity is challenging to describe objectively. Despite this, various notions of chemical diversity are used throughout the medicinal chemistry optimization process in drug discovery. In this work, we show the usefulness of considering exploited vectors during different phases of the drug design process to provide a quantitative and objective description of chemical diversity. We have developed a concise and fast approach to enumerate and analyze the exploited vector patterns (EVPs) of molecular compound series, which can then be used in archetypal compound selection tasks, from hit matter identification to hit expansion and lead optimization. We first show that EVPs can be used to assess the progressibility of compounds in a fragment library design exercise. By considering EVPs, we then show how a set of compounds can be prioritized for hit expansion using EVP-based, customizable diversity sampling approaches, reducing the time taken and mitigating human biases. We also show that EVPs are a useful tool to analyze SAR data, offering the chance to uncover correlations between different vectors without predetermining the molecular scaffold structures. The codes used to perform these tasks are presented as easy-to-use Jupyter notebooks, which can be readily adapted for further related tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - N Yi Mok
- BenevolentAI, 4-8 Maple Street, London W1T 5HD, U.K
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Bozorgi H, Rashidy-Pour A, Moradikor N, Zamani M, Motaghi E. Neurobehavioral protective effects of Japanese sake yeast supplement against chronic stress-induced anxiety and depression-like symptoms in mice: Possible role of central adenosine receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:401-416. [PMID: 37996666 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Using routine synthetic drugs in the treatment of psychiatric disorders may have some restrictions due to serious side effects and pharmacoresistance. Some natural agents may be promising alternatives in this case. The neuroprotective activity of the neuromodulator adenosine and its receptor, A1 receptor (A1R) in the central nervous system has been mentioned in different studies. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the anxiolytic, antidepressant and sedative effects of Japanese sake yeast as the first report. METHOD Mice were subjected to a one-week stress protocol and concomitantly treated orally with sake yeast at the dose levels of 100, 200 and 300 mg kg-1 once daily for a week. The anxiolytic, antidepressant, and sedative actions of sake yeast were evaluated with the related tests. RESULTS In all dose regiments, sake yeast significantly improved functions in the EPM and FST. 200 and 300 mg/kg of sake yeast significantly increased sleep duration and reduced sleep latency. Anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activities of sake yeast were maintained by the injection of ZM241385 (15 mg kg-1), a selective adenosine A2AR antagonist but completely counteracted by the injection of 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (10 mg kg-1), a selective adenosine A1R antagonist. 300 mg/kg of the yeast significantly increased the BDNF levels. Amygdala corticosterone levels did not show any significant changes at any dosage. Amygdala TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β levels also decreased significantly with all the sake regiments compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that oral sake yeast supplement exerts a neurobehavioral protective effect predominantly by activating central A1Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Bozorgi
- Research Center of Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Department of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Moradikor
- International Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute for Intelligent Research, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | | | - Ehsan Motaghi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Santiago-Vicente Y, de Jesús Castillejos-López M, Carmona-Aparicio L, Coballase-Urrutia E, Velasco-Hidalgo L, Niembro-Zúñiga AM, Zapata-Tarrés M, Torres-Espíndola LM. Immunotherapy for Pediatric Gliomas: CAR-T Cells Against B7H3: A Review of the Literature. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:420-430. [PMID: 37038673 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230406094257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B7H3 is a co-stimulatory molecule for immune reactions found on the surface of tumor cells in a wide variety of tumors. Preclinical and clinical studies have reported it as a tumor target towards which various immunotherapy modalities could be directed. So far, good results have been obtained in hematological neoplasms; however, a contrasting situation is evident in solid tumors, including those of the CNS, which show high refractoriness to current treatments. The appearance of cellular immunotherapies has transformed oncology due to the reinforcement of the immune response that is compromised in people with cancer. OBJECTIVE This article aims to review the literature to describe the advancement in knowledge on B7H3 as a target of CAR-T cells in pediatric gliomas to consider them as an alternative in the treatment of these patients. RESULTS Although B7H3 is considered a suitable candidate as a target agent for various immunotherapy techniques, there are still limitations in using CAR-T cells to achieve the desired success. CONCLUSION Results obtained with CAR-T cells can be further improved by the suggested proposals; therefore, more clinical trials are needed to study this new therapy in children with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Santiago-Vicente
- Iztacala Faculty of Higher Studies, Tlalnepantla, México
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marta Zapata-Tarrés
- Head of Research Coordination at Mexican Social Security Institute Foundation, Mexico City, México
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8
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Sahay S, Devine EA, McCullumsmith RE, O’Donovan SM. Adenosine Receptor mRNA Expression in Frontal Cortical Neurons in Schizophrenia. Cells 2023; 13:32. [PMID: 38201235 PMCID: PMC10778287 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder associated with the dysregulation of glutamate and dopamine neurotransmitter systems. The adenosine system is an important neuroregulatory system in the brain that modulates glutamate and dopamine signaling via the ubiquitously expressed adenosine receptors; however, adenosine A1 and A2A receptor (A1R and A2AR) mRNA expression is poorly understood in specific cell subtypes in the frontal cortical brain regions implicated in this disorder. In this study, we assayed A1R and A2AR mRNA expression via qPCR in enriched populations of pyramidal neurons, which were isolated from postmortem anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) tissue from schizophrenia (n = 20) and control (n = 20) subjects using laser microdissection (LMD). A1R expression was significantly increased in female schizophrenia subjects compared to female control subjects (t(13) = -4.008, p = 0.001). A1R expression was also significantly decreased in female control subjects compared to male control subjects, suggesting sex differences in basal A1R expression (t(17) = 2.137, p = 0.047). A significant, positive association was found between dementia severity (clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores) and A2AR mRNA expression (Spearman's r = 0.424, p = 0.009). A2AR mRNA expression was significantly increased in unmedicated schizophrenia subjects, suggesting that A2AR expression may be normalized by chronic antipsychotic treatment (F(1,14) = 9.259, p = 0.009). Together, these results provide novel insights into the neuronal expression of adenosine receptors in the ACC in schizophrenia and suggest that receptor expression changes may be sex-dependent and associated with cognitive decline in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Sahay
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (R.E.M.)
| | - Emily A. Devine
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (R.E.M.)
- Neuroscience Institute Promedica, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Sinead M. O’Donovan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.S.); (R.E.M.)
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Song X, Kirtipal N, Lee S, Malý P, Bharadwaj S. Current therapeutic targets and multifaceted physiological impacts of caffeine. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5558-5598. [PMID: 37679309 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine, which shares consubstantial structural similarity with purine adenosine, has been demonstrated as a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist for eliciting most of the biological functions at physiologically relevant dosages. Accumulating evidence supports caffeine's beneficial effects against different disorders, such as total cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, paradoxical effects are also linked to caffeine ingestion in humans including hypertension-hypotension and tachycardia-bradycardia. These observations suggest the association of caffeine action with its ingested concentration and/or concurrent interaction with preferential molecular targets to direct explicit events in the human body. Thus, a coherent analysis of the functional targets of caffeine, relevant to normal physiology, and disease pathophysiology, is required to understand the pharmacology of caffeine. This review provides a broad overview of the experimentally validated targets of caffeine, particularly those of therapeutic interest, and the impacts of caffeine on organ-specific physiology and pathophysiology. Overall, the available empirical and epidemiological evidence supports the dose-dependent functional activities of caffeine and advocates for further studies to get insights into the caffeine-induced changes under specific conditions, such as asthma, DNA repair, and cancer, in view of its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nikhil Kirtipal
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjae Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Shiv Bharadwaj
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
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10
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Begdache L, Ahmed E, Malik S, Karakaya MF. Dental Anxiety and Its Association with Dietary Intake and Food Groups: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:240. [PMID: 37886925 PMCID: PMC10606034 DOI: 10.3390/dj11100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is an established connection between diet and mental health, the relationship between diet and dental anxiety has not been examined yet. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap by assessing the association between diet quality, mental distress, and dental anxiety. The data was collected through an anonymous Google Forms survey. The survey consisted of a modified version of the validated Food-Mood Questionnaire and the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale with questions about demographics, dental health, and dental health anxieties. Data collection was performed over seven months, from April to October 2021. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient in SPSS version 25.0 and STATA 17 for sample size calculation, data processing and regression analyses. A total of 506 responses were collected. Our data verified that diet quality modulates dental anxiety. Women exhibited a stronger link with dental anxiety than men (p < 0.01). Consumption of sugary foods was associated with different attributes of dental anxiety (p < 0.01). Low-quality energy-dense foods and dairy were associated with dental anxiety, whereas caffeine, meat, nuts, and green leafy vegetables produced a negative correlation. This cross-sectional study provides proof of concept that dietary patterns are potentially associated with dental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Begdache
- Health and Wellness Studies Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Eeshah Ahmed
- School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA;
| | - Sana Malik
- School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA;
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Bosetto Fiebrantz AK, Felski Leite L, Dal Pisol Schwab E, Sartori Bonini J, da Silva WC. On the participation of adenosinergic receptors in the reconsolidation of spatial long-term memory in male rats. Learn Mem 2023; 30:260-270. [PMID: 37802547 PMCID: PMC10561635 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053785.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
To date, there is insufficient evidence to explain the role of adenosinergic receptors in the reconsolidation of long-term spatial memory. In this work, the role of the adenosinergic receptor family (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) in this process has been elucidated. It was demonstrated that when infused bilaterally into the hippocampal CA1 region immediately after an early nonreinforced test session performed 24 h posttraining in the Morris water maze task, adenosine can cause anterograde amnesia for recent and late long-term spatial memory. This effect on spatial memory reconsolidation was blocked by A1 or A3 receptor antagonists and mimicked by A1 plus A3 receptor agonists, showing that this effect occurs through A1 and A3 receptors simultaneously. The A3 receptor alone participates only in the reconsolidation of late long-term spatial memory. When the memory to be reconsolidated was delayed (reactivation 5 d posttraining), the amnesic effect of adenosine became transient and did not occur in a test performed 5 d after the reactivation of the mnemonic trace. Finally, it has been shown that the amnesic effect of adenosine on spatial memory reconsolidation depends on the occurrence of protein degradation and that the amnesic effect of inhibition of protein synthesis on spatial memory reconsolidation is dependent on the activation of A3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Karine Bosetto Fiebrantz
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná 85040-167, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brasil
| | - Luana Felski Leite
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná 85040-167, Brasil
| | - Eduarda Dal Pisol Schwab
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná 85040-167, Brasil
| | - Juliana Sartori Bonini
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná 85040-167, Brasil
| | - Weber Cláudio da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Paraná 85040-167, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brasil
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Marco-Bonilla M, Herencia R, Fresnadillo M, Huete-Toral F, Carracedo G, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G, Mediero A. Dipyridamole activates adenosine A2B receptor and AMPK/cAMP signaling and promotes myogenic differentiation of myoblastic C2C12 cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1247664. [PMID: 37771723 PMCID: PMC10522837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1247664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sarcopenia is defined as a loss of muscle mass and strength. ATP homeostasis is crucial during myogenesis. We determined how the purinergic system modulates myogenesis using dipyridamole (blocks adenosine taken up by the cells) and tenofovir (inhibits ATP release) in a myoblast cell line. Methods: C2C12 cells were differentiated in the presence/absence of tenofovir/dipyridamole, with/without the A2B selective inhibitor PSB-603. Extra-/intracellular nucleotides were examined via HPLC. The expression of muscle differentiation proteins (Pax7, Mif5, MyoD, MyoG, and MHC), PKA/CREB, adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3), ATP-channel pannexin-1 and the P2X7 receptor was analyzed via WB and RT-PCR. cAMP and AMPK activation was measured. Results: Tenofovir increased intracellular ATP and reduced extracellular adenosine, decreasing Pax7 expression and increasing MHC expression prematurely. Dipyridamole increased intracellular AMP and extracellular adenosine, counteracting the premature myogenesis promoted by tenofovir. All adenosine receptors were expressed during differentiation with dipyridamole, increasing A2B expression. Tenofovir maintained inactive AMPK and decreased cAMP levels, as well as PKAα and pCREB expression, which were recovered with dipyridamole. Discussion: Adenosine and ATP act as mediators in muscle myogenesis. The blockade of ATP release by tenofovir promotes premature myogenesis, with dipyridamole counteracting the premature differentiation promoted by tenofovir via the adenosine A2B receptor and cAMP/AMPK pathways. Therefore, dipyridamole might be of interest as a therapeutic approach in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Herencia
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fresnadillo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Aránzazu Mediero
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Illes P, Ulrich H, Chen JF, Tang Y. Purinergic receptors in cognitive disturbances. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106229. [PMID: 37453562 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors (Rs) of the ATP/ADP, UTP/UDP (P2X, P2Y) and adenosine (A1, A2A)-sensitive classes broadly interfere with cognitive processes both under quasi normal and disease conditions. During neurodegenerative illnesses, high concentrations of ATP are released from the damaged neuronal and non-neuronal cells of the brain; then, this ATP is enzymatically degraded to adenosine. Thus, the primary injury in neurodegenerative diseases appears to be caused by various protein aggregates on which a superimposed damage mediated by especially P2X7 and A2AR activation develops; this can be efficiently prevented by small molecular antagonists in animal models of the above diseases, or are mitigated in the respective knockout mice. Dementia is a leading symptom in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and accompanies Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), especially in the advanced states of these illnesses. Animal experimentation suggests that P2X7 and A2ARs are also involved in a number of psychiatric diseases, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive compulsive behavior, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In conclusion, small molecular antagonists of purinergic receptors are expected to supply us in the future with pharmaceuticals which are able to combat in a range of neurological/psychiatric diseases the accompanying cognitive deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Illes
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
| | - Henning Ulrich
- International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Whenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditonal Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; International Joint Research Center for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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Che H, Wang Y, Lao J, Deng Y, Xu C, Yin H, Tang Z, Huang Y, Xu H. Role of purinergic signalling in obesity-associated end-organ damage: focus on the effects of natural plant extracts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1181948. [PMID: 37476493 PMCID: PMC10354445 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1181948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the major public health problems in both the developing and developed countries. Recent studies have suggested that the purinergic signalling is involved in obesity-associated end-organ damage through purine P1 and P2 receptors. In the search for new components for the treatments of obesity, we and other researchers have found much evidence that natural plant extracts may be promising novel therapeutic approaches by modulating purinergic signalling. In this review, we summarize a critical role of purinergic signalling in modulating obesity-associated end-organ damage, such as overhigh appetite, myocardial ischemia, inflammation, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatic steatosis and renal inflammation. Moreover, we focus on the potential roles of several natural plant extracts, including quercetin, resveratrol/trans-resveratrol, caffeine, evodiamine and puerarin, in alleviating obesity-associated end-organ damage via purinergic signalling. We hope that the current knowledge of the potential roles of natural plant extracts in regulating purinergic signalling would provide new ideas for the treatment of obesity and obesity-associated end-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangxiu Che
- Department of Physiology, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yaqun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinhui Lao
- Department of Physiology, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yixin Deng
- Basic Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chirui Xu
- Huankui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hanxiao Yin
- Huankui Academy, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- The Second Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yonghong Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Physiology, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Nair J, Welch JF, Marciante AB, Hou T, Lu Q, Fox EJ, Mitchell GS. APOE4, Age, and Sex Regulate Respiratory Plasticity Elicited by Acute Intermittent Hypercapnic-Hypoxia. FUNCTION 2023; 4:zqad026. [PMID: 37575478 PMCID: PMC10413930 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) shows promise for enhancing motor recovery in chronic spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. However, human trials of AIH have reported significant variability in individual responses. Objectives Identify individual factors (eg, genetics, age, and sex) that determine response magnitude of healthy adults to an optimized AIH protocol, acute intermittent hypercapnic-hypoxia (AIHH). Methods In 17 healthy individuals (age = 27 ± 5 yr), associations between individual factors and changes in the magnitude of AIHH (15, 1-min O2 = 9.5%, CO2 = 5% episodes) induced changes in diaphragm motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude and inspiratory mouth occlusion pressures (P0.1) were evaluated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes linked with mechanisms of AIH induced phrenic motor plasticity (BDNF, HTR2A, TPH2, MAOA, NTRK2) and neuronal plasticity (apolipoprotein E, APOE) were tested. Variations in AIHH induced plasticity with age and sex were also analyzed. Additional experiments in humanized (h)ApoE knock-in rats were performed to test causality. Results AIHH-induced changes in diaphragm MEP amplitudes were lower in individuals heterozygous for APOE4 (i.e., APOE3/4) compared to individuals with other APOE genotypes (P = 0.048) and the other tested SNPs. Males exhibited a greater diaphragm MEP enhancement versus females, regardless of age (P = 0.004). Additionally, age was inversely related with change in P0.1 (P = 0.007). In hApoE4 knock-in rats, AIHH-induced phrenic motor plasticity was significantly lower than hApoE3 controls (P < 0.05). Conclusions APOE4 genotype, sex, and age are important biological determinants of AIHH-induced respiratory motor plasticity in healthy adults. Addition to Knowledge Base AIH is a novel rehabilitation strategy to induce functional recovery of respiratory and non-respiratory motor systems in people with chronic spinal cord injury and/or neurodegenerative disease. Figure 5 Since most AIH trials report considerable inter-individual variability in AIH outcomes, we investigated factors that potentially undermine the response to an optimized AIH protocol, AIHH, in healthy humans. We demonstrate that genetics (particularly the lipid transporter, APOE), age and sex are important biological determinants of AIHH-induced respiratory motor plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakrishnan Nair
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32603, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Joseph F Welch
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32603, USA
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, 3- B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alexandria B Marciante
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32603, USA
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32603, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32603, USA
| | - Emily J Fox
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32603, USA
- Brooks Rehabilitation, Jacksonville, FL, 32216, USA
| | - Gordon S Mitchell
- Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32603, USA
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Marciante AB, Mitchell GS. Increased spinal adenosine impairs phrenic long-term facilitation in aging rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:1537-1548. [PMID: 37167263 PMCID: PMC10281789 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00197.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate acute intermittent hypoxia (mAIH) elicits a form of spinal, respiratory motor plasticity known as phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF). In middle-aged male and geriatric female rats, mAIH-induced pLTF is attenuated through unknown mechanisms. In young adults, mAIH activates competing intracellular signaling cascades, initiated by serotonin 2 and adenosine 2A (A2A) receptors, respectively. Spinal A2A receptor inhibition enhances mAIH-induced pLTF, meaning, serotonin dominates, and adenosine constrains mAIH-induced plasticity in the daily rest phase. Thus, we hypothesized elevated basal adenosine levels in the ventral cervical spinal cord of aged rats shifts this balance, undermining mAIH-induced pLTF. A selective A2A receptor antagonist (MSX-3) or vehicle was delivered intrathecally at C4 in anesthetized young (3-6 mo) and aged (20-22 mo) Sprague-Dawley rats before mAIH (3,5-min episodes; arterial Po2 = 45-55 mmHg). In young males, spinal A2A receptor inhibition enhanced pLTF (119 ± 5%) vs. vehicle (55 ± 9%), consistent with prior reports. In old males, pLTF was reduced to 25 ± 11%, but A2A receptor inhibition increased pLTF to levels greater than in young males (186 ± 19%). Basal adenosine levels in ventral C3-C5 homogenates are elevated two- to threefold in old vs. young males. These findings advance our understanding of age as a biological variable in phrenic motor plasticity and will help guide translation of mAIH as a therapeutic modality to restore respiratory and nonrespiratory movements in older populations afflicted with clinical disorders that compromise movement.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Advanced age undermines respiratory motor plasticity, specifically phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) following moderate acute intermittent hypoxia (mAIH). We report that spinal adenosine increases in aged male rats, undermining mAIH-induced pLTF via adenosine 2A (A2A) receptor activation, an effect reversed by selective spinal adenosine 2A receptor inhibition. These findings advance our understanding of mechanisms that impair neuroplasticity, and the ability to compensate for the onset of lung or neural injury with age, and may guide efforts to harness mAIH as a treatment for clinical disorders that compromise breathing and other movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria B Marciante
- Department of Physical Therapy & McKnight Brain Institute, Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Gordon S Mitchell
- Department of Physical Therapy & McKnight Brain Institute, Breathing Research and Therapeutics Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
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Anglada-Huguet M, Endepols H, Sydow A, Hilgers R, Neumaier B, Drzezga A, Kaniyappan S, Mandelkow E, Mandelkow EM. Reversal of Tau-Dependent Cognitive Decay by Blocking Adenosine A1 Receptors: Comparison of Transgenic Mouse Models with Different Levels of Tauopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119260. [PMID: 37298211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of tau is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases and is associated with neuronal hypoactivity and presynaptic dysfunction. Oral administration of the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist rolofylline (KW-3902) has previously been shown to reverse spatial memory deficits and to normalize the basic synaptic transmission in a mouse line expressing full-length pro-aggregant tau (TauΔK) at low levels, with late onset of disease. However, the efficacy of treatment remained to be explored for cases of more aggressive tauopathy. Using a combination of behavioral assays, imaging with several PET-tracers, and analysis of brain tissue, we compared the curative reversal of tau pathology by blocking adenosine A1 receptors in three mouse models expressing different types and levels of tau and tau mutants. We show through positron emission tomography using the tracer [18F]CPFPX (a selective A1 receptor ligand) that intravenous injection of rolofylline effectively blocks A1 receptors in the brain. Moreover, when administered to TauΔK mice, rolofylline can reverse tau pathology and synaptic decay. The beneficial effects are also observed in a line with more aggressive tau pathology, expressing the amyloidogenic repeat domain of tau (TauRDΔK) with higher aggregation propensity. Both models develop a progressive tau pathology with missorting, phosphorylation, accumulation of tau, loss of synapses, and cognitive decline. TauRDΔK causes pronounced neurofibrillary tangle assembly concomitant with neuronal death, whereas TauΔK accumulates only to tau pretangles without overt neuronal loss. A third model tested, the rTg4510 line, has a high expression of mutant TauP301L and hence a very aggressive phenotype starting at ~3 months of age. This line failed to reverse pathology upon rolofylline treatment, consistent with a higher accumulation of tau-specific PET tracers and inflammation. In conclusion, blocking adenosine A1 receptors by rolofylline can reverse pathology if the pathological potential of tau remains below a threshold value that depends on concentration and aggregation propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Anglada-Huguet
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Building 99, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Astrid Sydow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Building 99, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ronja Hilgers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Building 99, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Building 99, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Molecular Organization of the Brain (INM-2), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Senthilvelrajan Kaniyappan
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Building 99, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- MPI Neurobiology Behavior-caesar, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Building 99, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- MPI Neurobiology Behavior-caesar, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Building 99, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- MPI Neurobiology Behavior-caesar, Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
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Eun Kim G, Jun Kim H, Jun Jin H. The association between Adenosine A 2A receptor gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Korean children. Gene 2023; 876:147503. [PMID: 37220831 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. Particularly, ADHD is known to be related to the dopaminergic system. ADHD symptoms can appear when the dopamine binding affinity diminishes due to dopamine receptor abnormalities, such as the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). This receptor interacts with the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR). The A2AR acts as an antagonist of D2R, that is, the increased binding of adenosine with A2AR inhibits the D2R activity. Furthermore, it is found that the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the adenosine A2A receptor gene (ADORA2A) revealed a significant relationship with ADHD in various populations. Therefore, we examined the genetic relationship between ADORA2A polymorphisms (rs2297838, rs5751876, and rs4822492) and Korean ADHD children. A case-control study was performed for 150 cases and 322 controls. Genotyping of ADORA2A polymorphisms was conducted by PCR-RFLP. The results demonstrated that the rs5751876 TC genotype was associated with children with ADHD (p = 0.018). The rs2298383 CC genotype was significantly associated with children with ADHD/HI (p = 0.026). However, when Bonferroni correction was used, the significance vanished (padjusted = 0.054 and padjusted = 0.078, respectively). Haplotype analysis showed that TTC, TCC, and CTG demonstrated a significant difference between ADHD/C children and control groups (padjusted = 0.006, padjusted = 0.011, and padjusted = 0.028, respectively). In conclusion, we propose a possible association between ADORA2A polymorphisms with Korean children having ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Eun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Han Jun Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.
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Franco R, Navarro G, Martínez-Pinilla E. The adenosine A 2A receptor in the basal ganglia: Expression, heteromerization, functional selectivity and signalling. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 170:49-71. [PMID: 37741696 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is a neuroregulatory nucleoside that acts through four G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), A1, A2A, A2B and A3, which are widely expressed in cells of the nervous system. The A2A receptor (A2AR), the GPCR with the highest expression in the striatum, has a similar role to that of receptors for dopamine, one of the main neurotransmitters. Neuronal and glial A2ARs participate in the modulation of dopaminergic transmission and act in almost any action in which the basal ganglia is involved. This chapter revisits the expression of the A2AR in the basal ganglia in health and disease, and describes the diversity of signalling depending on whether the receptors are expressed as monomer or as heteromer. The A2AR can interact with other receptors as adenosine A1, dopamine D2, or cannabinoid CB1 to form heteromers with relevant functions in the basal ganglia. Heteromerization, with these and other GPCRs, provides diversity to A2AR-mediated signalling and to the modulation of neurotransmission. Thus, selective A2AR antagonists have neuroprotective potential acting directly on neurons, but also through modulation of glial cell activation, for example, by decreasing neuroinflammatory events that accompany neurodegenerative diseases. In fact, A2AR antagonists are safe and their potential in the therapy of Parkinson's disease has already led to the approval of one of them, istradefylline, in Japan and United States. The receptor also has a key role in reward circuits and, again, heteromers with dopamine receptors, but also with cannabinoid CB1 receptors, participate in the events triggered by drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neurobiology laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Navarro
- CiberNed, Network Center for Neurodegenerative diseases, National Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Science Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain
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Zhou LT, Liu D, Kang HC, Lu L, Huang HZ, Ai WQ, Zhou Y, Deng MF, Li H, Liu ZQ, Zhang WF, Hu YZ, Han ZT, Zhang HH, Jia JJ, Sarkar AK, Sharaydeh S, Wang J, Man HY, Schilling M, Bertram L, Lu Y, Guo Z, Zhu LQ. Tau pathology epigenetically remodels the neuron-glial cross-talk in Alzheimer's disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq7105. [PMID: 37083538 PMCID: PMC10121173 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The neuron-glia cross-talk is critical to brain homeostasis and is particularly affected by neurodegenerative diseases. How neurons manipulate the neuron-astrocyte interaction under pathological conditions, such as hyperphosphorylated tau, a pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease (AD), remains elusive. In this study, we identified excessively elevated neuronal expression of adenosine receptor 1 (Adora1 or A1R) in 3×Tg mice, MAPT P301L (rTg4510) mice, patients with AD, and patient-derived neurons. The up-regulation of A1R was found to be tau pathology dependent and posttranscriptionally regulated by Mef2c via miR-133a-3p. Rebuilding the miR-133a-3p/A1R signal effectively rescued synaptic and memory impairments in AD mice. Furthermore, neuronal A1R promoted the release of lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) and resulted in astrocyte activation. Last, silencing neuronal Lcn2 in AD mice ameliorated astrocyte activation and restored synaptic plasticity and learning/memory. Our findings reveal that the tau pathology remodels neuron-glial cross-talk and promotes neurodegenerative progression. Approaches targeting A1R and modulating this signaling pathway might be a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ting Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui-Cong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - He-Zhou Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wen-Qing Ai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Man-Fei Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ya-Zhuo Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Hong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Avijite Kumer Sarkar
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Saldin Sharaydeh
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marcel Schilling
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Lars Bertram
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (LIGA), University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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21
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Ma WX, Yuan PC, Zhang H, Kong LX, Lazarus M, Qu WM, Wang YQ, Huang ZL. Adenosine and P1 receptors: Key targets in the regulation of sleep, torpor, and hibernation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1098976. [PMID: 36969831 PMCID: PMC10036772 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1098976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphical AbstractAdenosine mediates sleep, torpor and hibernation through P1 receptors. Recent reasearch has shown that P1 receptors play a vital role in the regulation of sleep-wake, torpor and hibernation-like states. In this review, we focus on the roles and neurobiological mechanisms of the CNS adenosine and P1 receptors in these three states. Among them, A1 and A2A receptors are key targets for sleep-wake regulation, A1Rs and A3Rs are very important for torpor induction, and activation of A1Rs is sufficient for hibernation-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Chuan Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ling-Xi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Min Qu, ; Yi-Qun Wang, ; Zhi-Li Huang,
| | - Yi-Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Min Qu, ; Yi-Qun Wang, ; Zhi-Li Huang,
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-Min Qu, ; Yi-Qun Wang, ; Zhi-Li Huang,
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22
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Bozorgi H, Rashidy-Pour A, Moradikor N, Motaghi E, Zamani M, Budde T, Darbanian H. Reversal of chronic restraint stress-induced memory impairment by Japanese sake yeast supplement in mice: Role of adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptors. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:123-131. [PMID: 36921500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Controversial studies indicate the adenosine compound (a neuromodulator with neuroprotective activity) intervention on cognitive performance. On the other hand, Japanese sake yeast has been enriched with oral adenosine analogs as a novel natural agent. As the first report, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Japanese sake yeast supplement in a mouse model of chronic restraint stress-induced cognitive dysfunction. Mice were subjected to a one-week stress protocol and concomitantly treated orally with sake yeast at the dose level of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg once daily for a week. The spatial and conditioned fear memory functions were evaluated with the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and the Passive Avoidance Learning (PAL) test, respectively. In all dosing regimens, improvements in spatial cognition were observed significantly in the MWM. 200 and 300 mg/kg of sake yeast significantly improved short- and long-term fear memory functions in the PAL test. Memory-enhancing effect of sake yeast was potentiated by the injection of ZM241385 (15 mg/kg), a selective adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist, but completely disappeared by the injection of 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (CPT-8, 10 mg/kg), a selective adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) antagonist. The findings of the present study demonstrate the efficacy of sake yeast in acting as a cognitive performance-enhancing agent. Eventually, sake yeast and its ingredient S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) may be useful in improving memory in patients suffering from many dementia forms including Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Bozorgi
- Research Center of Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Moradikor
- International Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute for Intelligent Research, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Ehsan Motaghi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | | | - Thomas Budde
- Institute of Physiology I, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Hamed Darbanian
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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23
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Pereira CPM, Francis-Oliveira J, Singulani MP, Ferreira AFF, Britto LRG. Microglial depletion exacerbates motor impairment and dopaminergic neuron loss in a 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 375:578019. [PMID: 36681049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a common neurotoxin used to induce Parkinson's disease (PD) in mice, exerting neurotoxic effects through the production of reactive oxygen species and microglial activation. However, the role of microglia in PD is still not clear, with contradictory reports showing neuroprotection or exacerbation of neuronal death. Microglial depletion aggravates motor coordination impairments and reduces tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Moreover, MeCP2 and Adora1 genes expression were downregulated, suggesting they may be involved in the neurodegenerative process. This study highlights that microglia plays a protective role in dopaminergic neuron survival during the initial phase of PD, and the investigation of the mechanisms of this effect in future studies will help elucidate the pathophysiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Parga Martins Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute of Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, USA.
| | - José Francis-Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departament of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Monique Patricio Singulani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Fernandes Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto G Britto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Yang G. Adenosinergic Pathway in Parkinson's Disease: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Perspective. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3054-3070. [PMID: 36786912 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized pathologically by α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation. In PD, the current mainstay of symptomatic treatment is levodopa (L-DOPA)-based dopamine (DA) replacement therapy. However, the development of dyskinesia and/or motor fluctuations which is relevant to levodopa is restricting its long-term utility. Given that the ability of which is to modulate the striato-thalamo-cortical loops and function to modulate basal ganglia output, the adenosinergic pathway (AP) is qualified as a potential promising non-DA target. As an indispensable component of energy production pathways, AP modulates cellular metabolism and gene regulation in both neurons and neuroglia cells through the recognition and degradation of extracellular adenosine. In addition, AP is geared to the initiation, evolution, and resolution of inflammation as well. Besides the above-mentioned crosstalk between the adenosine and dopamine signaling pathways, the functions of adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R) and metabolism enzymes in modulating PD pathological process have been extensively investigated in recent decades. Here we reviewed the emerging findings focused on the function of adenosine receptors, adenosine formation, and metabolism in the brain and discussed its potential roles in PD pathological process. We also recapitulated clinical studies and the preclinical evidence for the medical strategies targeting the Ado signaling pathway to improve motor dysfunction and alleviate pathogenic process in PD. We hope that further clinical studies should consider this pathway in their monotherapy and combination therapy, which would open new vistas to more targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Bertoncello KT, Bonan CD. The Effect of Adenosine Signaling on Memory Impairment Induced by Pentylenetetrazole in Zebrafish. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1889-1899. [PMID: 36729312 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is characterized by the manifestation of spontaneous and recurrent seizures. The high prevalence of comorbidities associated with epilepsy, such as cognitive dysfunction, affects the patients quality of life. Adenosine signaling modulation might be an effective alternative to control seizures and epilepsy-associated comorbidities. This study aimed to verify the role of adenosine modulation on the seizure development and cognitive impairment induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in zebrafish. At first, animals were submitted to a training session in the inhibitory avoidance test and, after 10 min, they received an intraperitoneal injection of valproate, adenosine A1 receptor agonist cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM 241385, adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nony1)-adenine hydrochloride (EHNA) or the nucleoside transporter inhibitor dipyridamole. Thirty min after the intraperitoneal injection, the animals were exposed to 7.5 mM PTZ for 10 min, where they were evaluated for latency to reach the seizure stages (I, II, and III). Finally, 24 h after the training session, the animals were submitted to the inhibitory avoidance test to verify their cognitive performance during the test session. Valproate, CPA, and EHNA showed antiseizure effects and prevented the memory impairment induced by PTZ exposure. DPCPX, ZM 241385, and dipyridamole pretreatments caused no changes in seizure development; however, these drugs prevented memory impairment without altering locomotion. Our results reinforce the antiseizure effects of adenosine signaling and support the idea that the involvement of adenosine in memory processes may be a target for preventive strategies against cognitive impairment associated with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanandra Taisa Bertoncello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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26
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Protective Effects of Early Caffeine Administration in Hyperoxia-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Juvenile Rat. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020295. [PMID: 36829854 PMCID: PMC9952771 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk preterm infants are affected by a higher incidence of cognitive developmental deficits due to the unavoidable risk factor of oxygen toxicity. Caffeine is known to have a protective effect in preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia associated with improved neurologic outcomes, although very early initiation of therapy is controversial. In this study, we used newborn rats in an oxygen injury model to test the hypothesis that near-birth caffeine administration modulates neuronal maturation and differentiation in the hippocampus of the developing brain. For this purpose, newborn Wistar rats were exposed to 21% or 80% oxygen on the day of birth for 3 or 5 days and treated with vehicle or caffeine (10 mg/kg/48 h). Postnatal exposure to 80% oxygen resulted in a drastic reduction of associated neuronal mediators for radial glia, mitotic/postmitotic neurons, and impaired cell-cycle regulation, predominantly persistent even after recovery to room air until postnatal day 15. Systemic caffeine administration significantly counteracted the effects of oxygen insult on neuronal maturation in the hippocampus. Interestingly, under normoxia, caffeine inhibited the transcription of neuronal mediators of maturing and mature neurons. The early administration of caffeine modulated hyperoxia-induced decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus and showed neuroprotective properties in the neonatal rat oxygen toxicity model.
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27
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Effects of Chronic Caffeine Consumption on Synaptic Function, Metabolism and Adenosine Modulation in Different Brain Areas. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010106. [PMID: 36671491 PMCID: PMC9855869 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors mainly control synaptic function, and excessive activation of adenosine receptors may worsen the onset of many neurological disorders. Accordingly, the regular intake of moderate doses of caffeine antagonizes adenosine receptors and affords robust neuroprotection. Although caffeine intake alters brain functional connectivity and multi-omics analyses indicate that caffeine intake modifies synaptic and metabolic processes, it is unclear how caffeine intake affects behavior, synaptic plasticity and its modulation by adenosine. We now report that male mice drinking caffeinated water (0.3 g/L) for 2 weeks were behaviorally indistinguishable (locomotion, mood, memory) from control mice (drinking water) and displayed superimposable synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation) in different brain areas (hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala). Moreover, there was a general preservation of the efficiency of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors to control synaptic transmission and plasticity, although there was a tendency for lower levels of endogenous adenosine ensuring A1 receptor-mediated inhibition. In spite of similar behavioral and neurophysiological function, caffeine intake increased the energy charge and redox state of cortical synaptosomes. This increased metabolic competence likely involved a putative increase in the glycolytic rate in synapses and a prospective greater astrocyte-synapse lactate shuttling. It was concluded that caffeine intake does not trigger evident alterations of behavior or of synaptic plasticity but increases the metabolic competence of synapses, which might be related with the previously described better ability of animals consuming caffeine to cope with deleterious stimuli triggering brain dysfunction.
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28
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Sharma A, Wüllner U, Schmidt-Wolf IGH, Maciaczyk J. Marginalizing the genomic architecture to identify crosstalk across cancer and neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1155177. [PMID: 36923654 PMCID: PMC10008880 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1155177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo G H Schmidt-Wolf
- Department of Integrated Oncology, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jarek Maciaczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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29
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Wiprich MT, Altenhofen S, Gusso D, Vasques RDR, Zanandrea R, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Bonan CD. Modulation of adenosine signaling reverses 3-nitropropionic acid-induced bradykinesia and memory impairment in adult zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110602. [PMID: 35843370 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor dysfunction, psychiatric disturbance, and cognitive decline. In the early stage of HD, occurs a decrease in dopamine D2 receptors and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), while in the late stage also occurs a decrease in dopamine D1 receptors and adenosine A1 receptors (A1R). Adenosine exhibits neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects in the brain and is involved in motor control and memory function. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), a toxin derived from plants and fungi, may reproduce HD behavioral phenotypes and biochemical characteristics. This study investigated the effects of acute exposure to CPA (A1R agonist), CGS 21680 (A2AR agonist), caffeine (non-selective of A1R and A2AR antagonist), ZM 241385 (A2AR antagonist), DPCPX (A1R antagonist), dipyridamole (inhibitor of nucleoside transporters) and EHNA (inhibitor of adenosine deaminase) in an HD pharmacological model induced by 3-NPA in adult zebrafish. CPA, CGS 21680, caffeine, ZM 241385, DPCPX, dipyridamole, and EHNA were acutely administered via i.p. in zebrafish after 3-NPA (at dose 60 mg/kg) chronic treatment. Caffeine and ZM 241385 reversed the bradykinesia induced by 3-NPA, while CGS 21680 potentiated the bradykinesia caused by 3-NPA. Moreover, CPA, caffeine, ZM 241385, DPCPX, dipyridamole, and EHNA reversed the 3-NPA-induced memory impairment. Together, these data support the hypothesis that A2AR antagonists have an essential role in modulating locomotor function, whereas the activation of A1R and blockade of A2AR and A1R and modulation of adenosine levels may reduce the memory impairment, which could be a potential pharmacological strategy against late-stage symptoms HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Talita Wiprich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Stefani Altenhofen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Darlan Gusso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaela da Rosa Vasques
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Zanandrea
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza Wilges Kist
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Celular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Reis Bogo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Celular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Cerebrais, Excitotoxicidade e Neuroproteção, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Heart Failure in Menopause: Treatment and New Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315140. [PMID: 36499467 PMCID: PMC9735523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an important risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF) and half of patients with HF have preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) which is more common in elderly women. In general, sex differences that lead to discrepancies in risk factors and to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been attributed to the reduced level of circulating estrogen during menopause. Estrogen receptors adaptively modulate fibrotic, apoptotic, inflammatory processes and calcium homeostasis, factors that are directly involved in the HFpEF. Therefore, during menopause, estrogen depletion reduces the cardioprotection. Preclinical menopause models demonstrated that several signaling pathways and organ systems are closely involved in the development of HFpEF, including dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), chronic inflammatory process and alteration in the sympathetic nervous system. Thus, this review explores thealterations observed in the condition of HFpEF induced by menopause and the therapeutic targets with potential to interfere with the disease progress.
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Nucleoside transporters and immunosuppressive adenosine signaling in the tumor microenvironment: Potential therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108300. [PMID: 36283452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine compartmentalization has a profound impact on immune cell function by regulating adenosine localization and, therefore, extracellular signaling capabilities, which suppresses immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Nucleoside transporters, responsible for the translocation and cellular compartmentalization of hydrophilic adenosine, represent an understudied yet crucial component of adenosine disposition in the tumor microenvironment. In this review article, we will summarize what is known regarding nucleoside transporter's function within the purinome in relation to currently devised points of intervention (i.e., ectonucleotidases, adenosine receptors) for cancer immunotherapy, alterations in nucleoside transporter expression reported in cancer, and potential avenues for targeting of nucleoside transporters for the desired modulation of adenosine compartmentalization and action. Further, we put forward that nucleoside transporters are an unexplored therapeutic opportunity, and modulation of nucleoside transport processes could attenuate the pathogenic buildup of immunosuppressive adenosine in solid tumors, particularly those enriched with nucleoside transport proteins.
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Samad N, Nasir A, Rehman MHU, Bhatti SA, Imran I. Adenosine protects D-galactose induced alterations in rat model of aging via attenuating neurochemical profile and redox status. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2483-2496. [PMID: 35870061 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the process that every organism faces. The aging model of brain has been developed by the use of d-galactose (d-Gal). Adenosine (Ad) being a neuroprotective agent that has been utilized in treatment of various neurological disorders. The aim of current study is to evaluate the outcome of Ad on d-Gal induced neurotoxicity which caused behavioral deficits, memory impairment and oxidative stress. Rats were treated with d-Gal at a dose of 300 mg/ml/kg and Ad 1 mg/ml/kg; intraperitoneally for 28 days. Behavioral assessment was performed after the treatment period. Animals were sacrificed after behavioral tests and their brains were collected, hippocampus were removed for biochemical and neurochemical analysis. The results showed that administration of Ad ameliorates the negative effects of d-Gal induced aging in various behavioral tests and increased the time spent in the open arm and light box in elevated plus maze (EPM) and light dark activity (LDA) tests respectively indicate anxiolytic effect; increased the mobility time in tail suspension test (TST) shows antidepressant effect; decreased escape latencies in Morris water maze (MWM) acquisition trials, increase entries and time spent in the target quadrant suggests improvement in learning ability of animals. Administration of Ad also decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increased antioxidant enzymes activity; decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, increased 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) metabolism and normalized histopathological alteration in the hippocampus. It is concluded that anxiety, depression and memory impairment induced by d-Gal were protected by Ad through its antioxidant and neuro-modulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Arooj Nasir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | | | - Sheraz Ahmed Bhatti
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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33
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Substance P Reduces Infarct Size and Mortality After Ischemic Stroke, Possibly Through the M2 Polarization of Microglia/Macrophages and Neuroprotection in the Ischemic Rat Brain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01284-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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Gambino G, Giglia G, Gallo D, Scordino M, Giardina C, Zuccarini M, Di Iorio P, Giuliani P, Ciruela F, Ferraro G, Mudò G, Sardo P, Di Liberto V. Guanosine modulates K + membrane currents in SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of adenosine receptors. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:1133-1145. [PMID: 36048287 PMCID: PMC9560947 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Guanosine (GUO), widely considered a key signaling mediator, is implicated in the regulation of several cellular processes. While its interaction with neural membranes has been described, GUO still is an orphan neuromodulator. It has been postulated that GUO may eventually interact with potassium channels and adenosine (ADO) receptors (ARs), both particularly important for the control of cellular excitability. Accordingly, here, we investigated the effects of GUO on the bioelectric activity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. We first explored the contribution of voltage-dependent K+ channels and, besides this, the role of ARs in the regulation of GUO-dependent cellular electrophysiology. Our data support that GUO is able to specifically modulate K+-dependent outward currents over cell membranes. Importantly, administering ADO along with GUO potentiates its effects. Overall, these results suggested that K+ outward membrane channels may be targeted by GUO with an implication of ADO receptors in SH-SY5Y cells, but also support the hypothesis of a functional interaction of the two ligands. The present research runs through the leitmotif of the deorphanization of GUO, adding insight on the interplay with adenosinergic signaling and suggesting GUO as a powerful modulator of SH-SY5Y excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Gallo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriana Scordino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Costanza Giardina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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35
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Defibrotide suppresses brain metastasis by activating the adenosine A2A receptors. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:1081-1090. [PMID: 35946567 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a devastating clinical condition globally as one of the most common central nervous system malignancies. The current study aimed to assess the effect of defibrotide, an Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, against brain metastasis and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Two tumor cell lines with high brain metastasis potential, PC-9 and 231-BR, were subjected to defibrotide treatment of increasing dosage. The metastasis capacity of the tumor cells was evaluated by cell invasion and migration assays. Western blotting was employed to determine the levels of tight junction proteins in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) including Occludin, Zo-1, and Claudin-5, as well as metastasis-related proteins including CXCR4, MMP-2, and MMP-9. The in-vitro observations were further verified in nude mice, by monitoring the growth of xenograft tumors, mouse survival and brain metastasis foci following defibrotide treatment. Defibrotide inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and promotes lactate dehydrogenase release of brain metastatic tumor cells, elevated the levels of BBB tight junction proteins and metastasis-related proteins. Such beneficial role of defibrotide was mediated by its inhibitory action on the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling axis both in vitro and in vivo, as CXCR4 agonist SDF1α negated the anti-tumoral effect of defibrotide on mouse xenograft tumor growth, mouse survival and brain metastasis. Defibrotide inhibits brain metastasis through activating the adenosine A2A receptors, which in turn inhibits the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling axis. Our study hereby proposes defibrotide as a new and promising candidate drug against brain metastasis of multiple organ origins.
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36
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Passarella D, Ronci M, Di Liberto V, Zuccarini M, Mudò G, Porcile C, Frinchi M, Di Iorio P, Ulrich H, Russo C. Bidirectional Control between Cholesterol Shuttle and Purine Signal at the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158683. [PMID: 35955821 PMCID: PMC9369131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the mechanisms controlling the formation of cerebral cholesterol, which is synthesized in situ primarily by astrocytes, where it is loaded onto apolipoproteins and delivered to neurons and oligodendrocytes through interactions with specific lipoprotein receptors. The “cholesterol shuttle” is influenced by numerous proteins or carbohydrates, which mainly modulate the lipoprotein receptor activity, function and signaling. These molecules, provided with enzymatic/proteolytic activity leading to the formation of peptide fragments of different sizes and specific sequences, could be also responsible for machinery malfunctions, which are associated with neurological, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this context, we have pointed out that purines, ancestral molecules acting as signal molecules and neuromodulators at the central nervous system, can influence the homeostatic machinery of the cerebral cholesterol turnover and vice versa. Evidence gathered so far indicates that purine receptors, mainly the subtypes P2Y2, P2X7 and A2A, are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Niemann–Pick C diseases, by controlling the brain cholesterol homeostasis; in addition, alterations in cholesterol turnover can hinder the purine receptor function. Although the precise mechanisms of these interactions are currently poorly understood, the results here collected on cholesterol–purine reciprocal control could hopefully promote further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Passarella
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carola Porcile
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-087-440-4897
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Liao J, Li Y, Luo Y, Meng S, Zhang C, Xiong L, Wang T, Lu Y. Recent Advances in Targeted Nanotherapies for Ischemic Stroke. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3026-3041. [PMID: 35905397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a severe neurological disease caused by the narrowing or occlusion of cerebral blood vessels and is known for high morbidity, disability, and mortality rates. Clinically available treatments of stroke include the surgical removal of the thrombus and thrombolysis with tissue fibrinogen activator. Pharmaceuticals targeting IS are uncommon, and the development of new therapies is hindered by the low bioavailability and stability of many drugs. Nanomedicine provides new opportunities for the development of novel neuroprotective and thrombolytic strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of IS. Numerous nanotherapeutics with different physicochemical properties are currently being developed to facilitate drug delivery by accumulation and controlled release and to improve their restorative properties. In this review, we discuss recent developments in IS therapy, including assisted drug delivery and targeting, neuroprotection through regulation of the neuron environment, and sources of endogenous biomimetic specific targeting. In addition, we discuss the role and neurotoxic effects of inorganic metal nanoparticles in IS therapy. This study provides a theoretical basis for the utilization of nano-IS therapies that may contribute to the development of new strategies for a range of embolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liao
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yunchun Luo
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Sha Meng
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liyan Xiong
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tingfang Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ying Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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38
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González Sanabria J, Hurtado Paso M, Frontera T, Losavio A. Effect of endogenous purines on electrically evoked ACh release at the mouse neuromuscular junction. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1933-1950. [PMID: 35839285 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
At the mouse neuromuscular junction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is co-released with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), and its metabolite adenosine, modulate neurotransmitter release by activating presynaptic inhibitory P2Y13 receptors (a subtype of ATP/adenosine diphosphate [ADP] receptor), inhibitory A1 and A3 adenosine receptors, and excitatory A2A adenosine receptors. To study the effect of endogenous purines, when phrenic-diaphragm preparations are depolarized by different nerve stimulation patterns, we analyzed the effect of the antagonists for P2Y13 , A1 , A3 , and A2A receptors (AR-C69931MX, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, MRS-1191, and SCH-58261, respectively) on the amplitude of the end-plate potentials of the trains, and contrasted these results with those obtained with the selective agonists of these receptors (2-methylthioadenosine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt hydrate, 2-chloro-N6 -cyclopentyl-adenosine, inosine, and PSB-0777, respectively). During continuous 0.5-Hz stimulation, the amount of endogenous purines was not enough to activate purinergic receptors, while at continuous 5-Hz stimulation, an incipient action of endogenous purines on P2Y13 , A1 and A3 receptors might be evident just at the end of the trains. During continuous 50-Hz stimulation, the concentration of endogenous ATP/ADP and adenosine exerted an inhibitory action on ACh release after of the initial phase of the train, but when the nerve was stimulated at intermittent 50 Hz (5 bursts), this behavior was not observed. Excitatory A2A receptors were only activated when continuous 100-Hz stimulation was applied. In conclusion, when motor nerve terminals are depolarized by repetitive stimulation of the phrenic nerve, endogenous ATP/ADP and adenosine are able to fine-tune neurosecretion depending on the frequency and pattern of stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier González Sanabria
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Hurtado Paso
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara Frontera
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Losavio
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Schubert C, Schulz K, Träger S, Plath AL, Omriouate A, Rosenkranz SC, Morellini F, Friese MA, Hirnet D. Neuronal Adenosine A1 Receptor is Critical for Olfactory Function but Unable to Attenuate Olfactory Dysfunction in Neuroinflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:912030. [PMID: 35846561 PMCID: PMC9279574 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.912030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenine nucleotides, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), as well as the nucleoside adenosine are important modulators of neuronal function by engaging P1 and P2 purinergic receptors. In mitral cells, signaling of the G protein-coupled P1 receptor adenosine 1 receptor (A1R) affects the olfactory sensory pathway by regulating high voltage-activated calcium channels and two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channels. The inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) impairs the olfactory function and gives rise to large amounts of extracellular ATP and adenosine, which act as pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, respectively. However, it is unclear whether neuronal A1R in the olfactory bulb modulates the sensory function and how this is impacted by inflammation. Here, we show that signaling via neuronal A1R is important for the physiological olfactory function, while it cannot counteract inflammation-induced hyperexcitability and olfactory deficit. Using neuron-specific A1R-deficient mice in patch-clamp recordings, we found that adenosine modulates spontaneous dendro-dendritic signaling in mitral and granule cells via A1R. Furthermore, neuronal A1R deficiency resulted in olfactory dysfunction in two separate olfactory tests. In mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we detected immune cell infiltration and microglia activation in the olfactory bulb as well as hyperexcitability of mitral cells and olfactory dysfunction. However, neuron-specific A1R activity was unable to attenuate glutamate excitotoxicity in the primary olfactory bulb neurons in vitro or EAE-induced olfactory dysfunction and disease severity in vivo. Together, we demonstrate that A1R modulates the dendro-dendritic inhibition (DDI) at the site of mitral and granule cells and impacts the processing of the olfactory sensory information, while A1R activity was unable to counteract inflammation-induced hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Schubert
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Schulz
- Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Träger
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Plath
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Asina Omriouate
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sina C. Rosenkranz
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Morellini
- Research Group Behavioral Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A. Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Manuel A. Friese,
| | - Daniela Hirnet
- Division of Neurophysiology, Institute of Cell and Systems Biology of Animals, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Daniela Hirnet,
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40
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Intrinsically disordered proteins and proteins with intrinsically disordered regions in neurodegenerative diseases. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:679-707. [DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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41
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Adenosine Receptor Signaling in Diseases with Focus on Cancer. JORJANI BIOMEDICINE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jorjanibiomedj.10.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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42
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Lambertucci C, Marucci G, Catarzi D, Colotta V, Francucci B, Spinaci A, Varano F, Volpini R. A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists and their Potential in Neurological Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4780-4795. [PMID: 35184706 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220218094501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous nucleoside adenosine modulates a number of physiological effects through interaction with P1 purinergic receptors. All of them are G protein coupled receptors and, to date, four subtypes have been characterized and named A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. In recent years adenosine receptors, particularly the A2A subtype, have become attractive targets for the treatment of several neurodegenerative disorders, known to involve neuroinflammation, like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, multiple sclerosis and neuropsychiatric conditions. In fact, it has been demonstrated that inhibition of A2A adenosine receptors exerts neuroprotective effects counteracting neuroinflammatory processes and astroglial and microglial activation. The A2A adenosine receptor antagonist istradefylline, developed by Kyowa Hakko Kirin Inc., was approved in Japan as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and very recently it was approved also by the US Food and Drug Administration. These findings pave the way for new therapeutic opportunities, so, in this review, a summary of the most relevant and promising A2A adenosine receptor antagonists will be presented along with their preclinical and clinical studies in neuroinflammation related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Lambertucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Beatrice Francucci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- Medicinal Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Jakova E, Moutaoufik MT, Lee JS, Babu M, Cayabyab FS. Adenosine A1 receptor ligands bind to α-synuclein: implications for α-synuclein misfolding and α-synucleinopathy in Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:9. [PMID: 35139916 PMCID: PMC8830172 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in neurons and glial cells are the staples of many synucleinopathy disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since brain adenosine becomes greatly elevated in ageing brains and chronic adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) stimulation leads to neurodegeneration, we determined whether adenosine or A1R receptor ligands mimic the action of known compounds that promote α-syn aggregation (e.g., the amphetamine analogue 2-aminoindan) or inhibit α-syn aggregation (e.g., Rasagiline metabolite 1-aminoindan). In the present study, we determined whether adenosine, A1R receptor agonist N6-Cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) could directly interact with α-syn to modulate α-syn aggregation and neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Methods Nanopore analysis and molecular docking were used to test the binding properties of CPA and DPCPX with α-syn in vitro. Sprague–Dawley rats were administered with 7-day intraperitoneal injections of the A1R ligands and 1- and 2-aminoindan, and levels of α-syn aggregation and neurodegeneration were examined in the SN pars compacta and hippocampal regions using confocal imaging and Western blotting. Results Using nanopore analysis, we showed that the A1R agonists (CPA and adenosine) interacted with the N-terminus of α-syn, similar to 2-aminoindan, which is expected to promote a “knot” conformation and α-syn misfolding. In contrast, the A1R antagonist DPCPX interacted with the N- and C-termini of α-syn, similar to 1-aminoindan, which is expected to promote a “loop” conformation that prevents α-syn misfolding. Molecular docking studies revealed that adenosine, CPA and 2-aminoindan interacted with the hydrophobic core of α-syn N-terminus, whereas DPCPX and 1-aminoindan showed direct binding to the N- and C-terminal hydrophobic pockets. Confocal imaging and Western blot analyses revealed that chronic treatments with CPA alone or in combination with 2-aminoindan increased α-syn expression/aggregation and neurodegeneration in both SN pars compacta and hippocampus. In contrast, DPCPX and 1-aminoindan attenuated the CPA-induced α-syn expression/aggregation and neurodegeneration in SN and hippocampus. Conclusions The results indicate that A1R agonists and drugs promoting a “knot” conformation of α-syn can cause α-synucleinopathy and increase neuronal degeneration, whereas A1R antagonists and drugs promoting a “loop” conformation of α-syn can be harnessed for possible neuroprotective therapies to decrease α-synucleinopathy in PD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40035-022-00284-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Jakova
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mohamed Taha Moutaoufik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Jeremy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Francisco S Cayabyab
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Kim TH, Bormate KJ, Custodio RJP, Cheong JH, Lee BK, Kim HJ, Jung YS. Involvement of the adenosine A 1 receptor in the hypnotic effect of rosmarinic acid. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112483. [PMID: 34891112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, is characterized by a longer sleep latency, greater sleep fragmentation, and consequent excessive daytime fatigue. Due to the various side effects of prescribed hypnotics, demand for new drugs is still high. Recent studies have suggested the adenosine receptor (AR) as a potential therapeutic target for insomnia, however, clinically useful hypnotics targeting AR are not yet available. In the present study, we evaluated the hypnotic effect of rosmarinic acid, a phenolic compound widely found in medicinal plants, through pentobarbital-induced sleep test, electroencephalography/electromyography (EEG/EMG), and immunohistochemistry in mice. The underlying mechanisms were assessed by pharmacological approach using 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) and SCH5826, antagonists for A1R and A2AR, respectively. Receptor-binding assay and functional agonism were also performed. Our study provides a new evidence that rosmarinic acid has a direct binding activity (Ki = 14.21 ± 0.3 μM) and agonistic activity for A1R. We also found that rosmarinic acid significantly decreased sleep fragmentation and onset latency to NREM sleep, and these effects were abolished by DPCPX. The results from c-Fos immunostaining showed that rosmarinic acid decreased the neuronal activity in wake-promoting brain regions, such as the basal forebrain and the lateral hypothalamus, while increasing the neuronal activity in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, a sleep-promoting region; all these effects were significantly inhibited by DPCPX. Taken together, this study suggests that rosmarinic acid possesses novel activity as an A1R agonist and thereby exerts a hypnotic effect, and thus it may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for insomnia through targeting A1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Katrina Joy Bormate
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute in Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yi-Sook Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Adenosine Receptors in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Fine Regulators of Neurotransmission and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031219. [PMID: 35163142 PMCID: PMC8835915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine exerts an important role in the modulation of central nervous system (CNS) activity. Through the interaction with four G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes, adenosine subtly regulates neurotransmission, interfering with the dopaminergic, glutamatergic, noradrenergic, serotoninergic, and endocannabinoid systems. The inhibitory and facilitating actions of adenosine on neurotransmission are mainly mediated by A1 and A2A adenosine receptors (ARs), respectively. Given their role in the CNS, ARs are promising therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric disorders where altered neurotransmission represents the most likely etiological hypothesis. Activating or blocking ARs with specific pharmacological agents could therefore restore the balance of altered neurotransmitter systems, providing the rationale for the potential treatment of these highly debilitating conditions. In this review, we summarize and discuss the most relevant studies concerning AR modulation in psychotic and mood disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, depression, and anxiety, as well as neurodevelopment disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), fragile X syndrome (FXS), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and neuropsychiatric aspects of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Cummins L, Cates ME. Istradefylline: A novel agent in the treatment of “off” episodes associated with levodopa/carbidopa use in Parkinson disease. Ment Health Clin 2022; 12:32-36. [PMID: 35116210 PMCID: PMC8788305 DOI: 10.9740/mhc.2022.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The current gold standard for treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) is levodopa/carbidopa (L/C), but long-term treatment frequently results in motor complications, such as wearing-off and motor fluctuations (eg, dyskinesia, “on-off” phenomenon). Istradefylline is a new drug with a unique pharmacologic profile that was approved by the FDA for use as adjunctive treatment to L/C in adult patients with PD experiencing “off” episodes. The drug was shown to reduce “off” time in 4 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. The most common adverse effects are dyskinesia, dizziness, constipation, nausea, hallucinations, and insomnia. Unlike many drugs that treat PD, istradefylline is a nondopaminergic drug that exerts its effects via adenosine A2A receptor antagonism. The major drug interactions involve inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4 as well as tobacco smoking via induction of CYP1A1. Istradefylline is taken once daily as a 20- or 40-mg dose, except in cases involving drug interactions or hepatic impairment. The cost of the drug is relatively expensive, which has implications for Medicare and private insurance coverage. Istradefylline is an alternative option to dopaminergic drugs such as dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors as an adjunct to L/C in patients with motor fluctuations, but clinical use will further define its role in treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Cummins
- PharmD Candidate 2022, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, Alabama
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Kosmowska B, Wardas J. The Pathophysiology and Treatment of Essential Tremor: The Role of Adenosine and Dopamine Receptors in Animal Models. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1813. [PMID: 34944457 PMCID: PMC8698799 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological disorders that often affects people in the prime of their lives, leading to a significant reduction in their quality of life, gradually making them unable to independently perform the simplest activities. Here we show that current ET pharmacotherapy often does not sufficiently alleviate disease symptoms and is completely ineffective in more than 30% of patients. At present, deep brain stimulation of the motor thalamus is the most effective ET treatment. However, like any brain surgery, it can cause many undesirable side effects; thus, it is only performed in patients with an advanced disease who are not responsive to drugs. Therefore, it seems extremely important to look for new strategies for treating ET. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the pathomechanism of ET based on studies in animal models of the disease, as well as to present and discuss the results of research available to date on various substances affecting dopamine (mainly D3) or adenosine A1 receptors, which, due to their ability to modulate harmaline-induced tremor, may provide the basis for the development of new potential therapies for ET in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jadwiga Wardas
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
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Ganesana M, Venton BJ. Spontaneous, transient adenosine release is not enhanced in the CA1 region of hippocampus during severe ischemia models. J Neurochem 2021; 159:887-900. [PMID: 34453336 PMCID: PMC8627433 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes damage in the brain, and a slow buildup of adenosine is neuroprotective during ischemic injury. Spontaneous, transient adenosine signaling, lasting only 3 s per event, has been discovered that increases in frequency in the caudate-putamen during early stages of mild ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, spontaneous adenosine changes have not been studied in the hippocampus during ischemia, an area highly susceptible to stroke. Here, we investigated changes of spontaneous, transient adenosine in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus during three different models of the varied intensity of ischemia. During the early stages of the milder bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model, there were fewer spontaneous, transient adenosine, but no change in the concentration of individual events. In contrast, during the moderate 2 vertebral artery occlusion (2VAO) and severe 4 vessel occlusion (4VO) models, both the frequency of spontaneous, transient adenosine and the average event adenosine concentration decreased. Blood flow measurements validate that the ischemia models decreased blood flow, and corresponding pathological changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). 4VO occlusion showed the most severe damage in histology and BCCAO showed the least. Overall, our data suggest that there is no enhanced spontaneous adenosine release in the hippocampus during moderate and severe ischemia, which could be due to depletion of the rapidly releasable adenosine pool. Thus, during ischemic stroke, there are fewer spontaneous adenosine events that could inhibit neurotransmission, which might lead to more damage and less neuroprotection in the hippocampus CA1 region. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjunarao Ganesana
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department of Chemistry and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Teixeira FC, Soares MSP, Blödorn EB, Domingues WB, Reichert KP, Zago AM, Carvalho FB, Gutierres JM, Gonçales RA, da Cruz Fernandes M, Campos VF, Chitolina MR, Stefanello FM, Spanevello RM. Investigating the Effect of Inosine on Brain Purinergic Receptors and Neurotrophic and Neuroinflammatory Parameters in an Experimental Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:841-855. [PMID: 34792730 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology characterized by progressive impairment of memory, associated with neurochemical alterations and limited therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inosine on memory, neuroinflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic factors, expression of purinergic receptors, and morphological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the rats with AD induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Male rats were divided into four groups: I, control; II, STZ; III, STZ plus inosine (50 mg/kg); and IV, STZ plus inosine (100 mg/kg). The animals received intracerebroventricular injections of STZ or buffer. Three days after the surgical procedure, animals were treated with inosine (50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) for 25 days. Inosine was able to prevent memory deficits and decreased the immunoreactivity of the brain A2A adenosine receptor induced by STZ. Inosine also increased the levels of brain anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor. Changes induced by STZ in the molecular layer of the hippocampus were attenuated by treatment with inosine. Inosine also protected against the reduction of immunoreactivity for synaptophysin induced by STZ in CA3 hippocampus region. However, inosine did not prevent the increase in GFAP in animals exposed to STZ. In conclusion, our findings suggest that inosine has therapeutic potential for AD through the modulation of different brain mechanisms involved in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cardoso Teixeira
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação E Câncer, Programa de Pós Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospeção, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação E Câncer, Programa de Pós Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospeção, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bierhaus Blödorn
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós - Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - William Borges Domingues
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós - Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Laboratório de Enzimologia Toxicológica, Programa de Pós- Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Maria Zago
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Patologia, Programa de Pós - Graduação Em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barbosa Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Patologia, Programa de Pós - Graduação Em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessie Martins Gutierres
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Patologia, Programa de Pós - Graduação Em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marilda da Cruz Fernandes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Patologia, Programa de Pós - Graduação Em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Farias Campos
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós - Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina
- Laboratório de Enzimologia Toxicológica, Programa de Pós- Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Programa de Pós - Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospecção, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação E Câncer, Programa de Pós Graduação Em Bioquímica E Bioprospeção, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Pelotas, RS, 96010-900, Brazil.
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Thomas P, Galopin N, Bonérandi E, Clémenceau B, Fougeray S, Birklé S. CAR T Cell Therapy's Potential for Pediatric Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215445. [PMID: 34771608 PMCID: PMC8582542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary T cells that are genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors constitute an effective new therapy with curative potential for patients with hematological tumors. The value of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in childhood brain tumors, the leading cause of cancer death in children, is less clear. In this context, the main obstacles for these engineered T cells remain how to find them, allow them to infiltrate, and induce them to remain active in the tumor site. Here, we discuss recent progress in the field and examine future directions for realizing the potential of this therapy. Abstract Malignant central nervous system tumors are the leading cause of cancer death in children. Progress in high-throughput molecular techniques has increased the molecular understanding of these tumors, but the outcomes are still poor. Even when efficacious, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy cause neurologic and neurocognitive morbidity. Adoptive cell therapy with autologous CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T) has demonstrated remarkable remission rates in patients with relapsed refractory B cell malignancies. Unfortunately, tumor heterogeneity, the identification of appropriate target antigens, and location in a growing brain behind the blood–brain barrier within a specific suppressive immune microenvironment restrict the efficacy of this strategy in pediatric neuro-oncology. In addition, the vulnerability of the brain to unrepairable tissue damage raises important safety concerns. Recent preclinical findings, however, have provided a strong rationale for clinical trials of this approach in patients. Here, we examine the most important challenges associated with the development of CAR T cell immunotherapy and further present the latest preclinical strategies intending to optimize genetically engineered T cells’ efficiency and safety in the field of pediatric neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Thomas
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France; (P.T.); (N.G.); (E.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Natacha Galopin
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France; (P.T.); (N.G.); (E.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Emma Bonérandi
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France; (P.T.); (N.G.); (E.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Béatrice Clémenceau
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Sophie Fougeray
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France; (P.T.); (N.G.); (E.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Stéphane Birklé
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France; (P.T.); (N.G.); (E.B.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-228-08-03-00
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