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Long J, Qin F, Luo J, Zhong G, Huang S, Jing L, Yi T, Liu J, Jiang N. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel capsaicin-tacrine hybrids as multi-target agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107026. [PMID: 38103330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel hybrid compounds were designed, synthesized, and utilized as multi-target drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) by connecting capsaicin and tacrine moieties. The biological assays indicated that most of these compounds demonstrated strong inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities with IC50 values in the nanomolar, as well as good blood-brain barrier permeability. Among the synthesized hybrids, compound 5s displayed the most balanced inhibitory effect on hAChE (IC50 = 69.8 nM) and hBuChE (IC50 = 68.0 nM), and exhibited promising inhibitory activity against β-secretase-1 (BACE-1) (IC50 = 3.6 µM). Combining inhibition kinetics and molecular model analysis, compound 5s was shown to be a mixed inhibitor affecting both the catalytic active site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of hAChE. Additionally, compound 5s showed low toxicity in PC12 and BV2 cell assays. Moreover, compound 5s demonstrated good tolerance at the dose of up to 2500 mg/kg and exhibited no hepatotoxicity at the dose of 3 mg/kg in mice, and it could effectively improve memory ability in mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that compound 5s is a promising and effective multi-target agent for the potential treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanyue Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Fengxue Qin
- Blood Transfusion Department, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, PR China
| | - Jinchong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Guohui Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Shutong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Lin Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
| | - Tingzhuang Yi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, PR China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
| | - Neng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China.
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2
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UHPLC-HRMS study of pharmacokinetics of a novel hybrid cholinesterase inhibitor K1234: A comparison between in silico, in vitro and in vivo data. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114898. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Shiryaev VA, Sokolova IV, Gorbachova AM, Rybakov VB, Shiryaev AK, Klimochkin YN. Convenient synthesis of endo,endo- and endo,exo-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane diamines. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Advancements in the development of multi-target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 61:116742. [PMID: 35398739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial irreversible neurological disorder which results in cognitive impairment, loss of cholinergic neurons in synapses of the basal forebrain and neuronal death. Exact pathology of the disease is not yet known however, many hypotheses have been proposed for its treatment. The available treatments including monotherapies and combination therapies are not able to combat the disease effectively because of its complex pathological mechanism. A multipotent drug for AD has the potential to bind or inhibit multiple targets responsible for the progression of the disease like aggregated Aβ, hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, cholinergic and adrenergic receptors, MAO enzymes, overactivated N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor etc. The traditional approach of one disease-one target-one drug has been rationalized to one drug-multi targets for the chronic diseases like AD and cancer. Thus, over the last decade research focus has been shifted towards the development of multi target directed ligands (MTDLs) which can simultaneously inhibit multiple targets and stop or slow the progression of the disease. The MTDLs can be more effective against AD and eliminate any possibility of drug-drug interactions. Many important active pharmacophore units have been fused, merged or incorporated into different scaffolds to synthesize new potent drugs. In the current article, we have described various hypothesis for AD and effectiveness of the MTDLs treatment strategy is discussed in detail. Different chemical scaffolds and their synthetic strategies have been described and important functionalities are identified in the chemical scaffold that have the potential to bind to the multiple targets. The important leads identified in this study with MTDL characteristics have the potential to be developed as drug candidates for the effective treatment of AD.
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5
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Adeowo FY, Elrashedy AA, Ejalonibu MA, Lawal IA, Lawal MM, Kumalo HM. Pharmacophore mapping of the crucial mediators of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase dual inhibition in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2761-2774. [PMID: 35067751 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10377-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Optimization and re-optimization of bioactive molecules using in silico methods have found application in the design of more active ones. Herein, we applied a pharmacophore modeling approach to screen potent dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) aimed at Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. The investigation entails molecular dynamics simulation, docking, pharmacophore modeling, drug-like screening, and binding energy analysis. We prepared a pharmacophore model from approved inhibitors of AChE and BuChE to predict the crucial moieties required for optimum molecular interaction with these proteins. The obtained pharmacophore model, used for database screening via some critical criteria, showed 229 hit molecules. Further analyses showed 42 likely dual inhibitors of AChE/BuChE with drug-like and pharmacokinetics properties the same as the approved cholinesterase inhibitors. Finally, we identified 14 dual molecules with improved potentials over the existing inhibitors and simulated ZINC92385797 bound to human AChE and BuChE structure after noticing that these 14 molecules are similar. The selected compound maintained relative stability at the active sites of both proteins over 120 ns simulation. Our integrated protocols showed the pertinent recipes of anti-AD drug design through the in silico pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Y Adeowo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Elrashedy
- Natural and Microbial Product Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Murtala A Ejalonibu
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Isiaka A Lawal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied and Computer Science, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Boulevard, Vanderbijlpark, 1900, South Africa
| | - Monsurat M Lawal
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Hezekiel M Kumalo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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Adeowo FY, Oyetunji TP, Ejalonibu MA, Ndagi U, Kumalo HM, Lawal MM. Tailored Modeling of Rivastigmine Derivatives as Dual Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100361. [PMID: 34547176 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rational modification of known drug candidates to design more potent ones using computational methods has found application in drug design, development, and discovery. Herein, we integrate computational and theoretical methodologies to unveil rivastigmine derivatives as dual inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) for Alzheimer's disease (AD) management. The investigation entails pharmacokinetics screening, density functional theory (DFT) mechanistic study, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. We designed over 20 rivastigmine substituents, subject them to some analyses, and identified RL2 with an appreciable blood-brain barrier score and no permeability glycoprotein binding. The compound shows higher acylation energy and a favored binding affinity to the cholinesterase enzymes. RL2 interacts with the AChE and BuChE active sites showing values of -41.1/-39.5 kcal mol-1 while rivastigmine binds with -32.7/-30.7 kcal mol-1 for these enzymes. The study revealed RL2 (4-fluorophenyl rivastigmine) as a potential dual inhibitor for AChE and BuChE towards Alzheimer's disorder management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Y Adeowo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | | | - Murtala A Ejalonibu
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Umar Ndagi
- Center for Trans-Sahara Disease, Vaccine and Drug Research, IBB University Lapai, Niger State, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Hezekiel M Kumalo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Monsurat M Lawal
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
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Al-Dbass A, Amina M, Al Musayeib NM, El-Anssary AA, Bhat RS, Fahmy R, Alhamdan MM, El-Ansary A. Lepidium sativum as candidate against excitotoxicity in retinal ganglion cells. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:247-259. [PMID: 34141454 PMCID: PMC8178586 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity is considered one of the major causes of retinal ganglion cell death in many retinal diseases. Retinal ganglion cell degeneration causes severe blindness since visual signals from the eye to the brain are conducted only through retinal ganglion cells. Objective: We aimed to explore the potential ameliorative effects of L. sativum against glutamate excitotoxicity-induced retinal ganglion cell damage. Methods: Pure retinal ganglion cells were divided into a control group (untreated); L. sativum-treated groups in which retinal ganglion cells were treated with 5, 10, 50, or 100 µg/mL L. sativum seed extract for 2 h; glutamate-treated groups in which cells were treated with 5, 10, 50, or 100 µM glutamate for 48 h; and L. sativum/glutamate groups [pretreatment with L. sativum for 2 h (50 or 100 µg/mL) before glutamate treatment at 100 µM for 48 h]. Cell damage was assessed by comet assay and cell viability was by MTT test. Results: Tailed DNA, tail length, and tail moment of the 50 and 100 mM glutamate-treated groups were significantly greater than those of the blank control group, while the L. sativum-treated groups demonstrated nonsignificantly different tailed DNA, tail length, and tail moment compared with the blank control group, but significantly lower values compared with the glutamate-treated groups. Conclusion: L. sativum ameliorated the cell viability in retinal ganglion cells after high-concentration glutamate exposure. L. sativum seed extracts were efficient anti-excitotoxic and antioxidant agent that might improve the clinical presentation of many neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al-Dbass
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musarat Amina
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal M Al Musayeib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Fahmy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majd M Alhamdan
- Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Mezeiova E, Hrabinova M, Hepnarova V, Jun D, Janockova J, Muckova L, Prchal L, Kristofikova Z, Kucera T, Gorecki L, Chalupova K, Kunes J, Hroudova J, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Huprine Y - Tryptophan heterodimers with potential implication to Alzheimer's disease treatment. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 43:128100. [PMID: 33984470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The search for novel and effective therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main quest that remains to be resolved. The goal is to find a disease-modifying agent able to confront the multifactorial nature of the disease positively. Herewith, a family of huprineY-tryptophan heterodimers was prepared, resulting in inhibition of cholinesterase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase enzymes, with effect against amyloid-beta (Aβ) and potential ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Their cholinesterase pattern of behavior was inspected using kinetic analysis in tandem with docking studies. These heterodimers exhibited a promising pharmacological profile with strong implication in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mezeiova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hepnarova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janockova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdena Kristofikova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Gorecki
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Chalupova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokytanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kunes
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hroudova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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9
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Konecny J, Misiachna A, Hrabinova M, Pulkrabkova L, Benkova M, Prchal L, Kucera T, Kobrlova T, Finger V, Kolcheva M, Kortus S, Jun D, Valko M, Horak M, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Pursuing the Complexity of Alzheimer's Disease: Discovery of Fluoren-9-Amines as Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors and N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010003. [PMID: 33375115 PMCID: PMC7822176 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex disorder with unknown etiology. Currently, only symptomatic therapy of AD is available, comprising cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Drugs targeting only one pathological condition have generated only limited efficacy. Thus, combining two or more therapeutic interventions into one molecule is believed to provide higher benefit for the treatment of AD. In the presented study, we designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated 15 novel fluoren-9-amine derivatives. The in silico prediction suggested both the oral availability and permeation through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). An initial assessment of the biological profile included determination of the cholinesterase inhibition and NMDA receptor antagonism at the GluN1/GluN2A and GluN1/GluN2B subunits, along with a low cytotoxicity profile in the CHO-K1 cell line. Interestingly, compounds revealed a selective butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition pattern with antagonistic activity on the NMDARs. Their interaction with butyrylcholinesterase was elucidated by studying enzyme kinetics for compound 3c in tandem with the in silico docking simulation. The docking study showed the interaction of the tricyclic core of new derivatives with Trp82 within the anionic site of the enzyme in a similar way as the template drug tacrine. From the kinetic analysis, it is apparent that 3c is a competitive inhibitor of BChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Konecny
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Anna Misiachna
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Lenka Pulkrabkova
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Marketa Benkova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Lukas Prchal
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Tomas Kucera
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Tereza Kobrlova
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Vladimir Finger
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marharyta Kolcheva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Kortus
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Horak
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (M.K.); (S.K.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (J.K.); Tel.: +420-495-833-447 (O.S. & J.K.)
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (M.H.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (D.J.)
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (L.P.); (T.K.); (V.F.)
- Correspondence: (O.S.); (J.K.); Tel.: +420-495-833-447 (O.S. & J.K.)
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10
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Adeowo FY, Lawal MM, Kumalo HM. Design and Development of Cholinesterase Dual Inhibitors towards Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: A Focus on Recent Contributions from Computational and Theoretical Perspective. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Y. Adeowo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Monsurat M. Lawal
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Hezekiel M. Kumalo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
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11
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Klimochkin YN, Ivleva EA, Skomorokhov MY. Kinetic Study of the Nitrolysis of Haloadamantanes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020090043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Adeowo FY, Ejalonibu MA, Elrashedy AA, Lawal MM, Kumalo HM. Multi-target approach for Alzheimer's disease treatment: computational biomolecular modeling of cholinesterase enzymes with a novel 4- N-phenylaminoquinoline derivative reveal promising potentials. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:3825-3841. [PMID: 33030113 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1826129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The identification of dual inhibitors targeting the active sites of the cholinesterase enzymes, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), have lately surfaced as a multi-approach towards Alzheimer treatment. More recently, a novel series of 4-N-phenylaminoquinolines was synthesized and evaluated against AChE and BuChE in which one of the compounds displayed appreciable inhibition compared to the standard compound, galantamine. To provide a clearer picture of the inhibition mechanism of this potent compound at the molecular level, computational biomolecular modeling was carried out. The investigation was initiated with the exploration of the chemical properties of the identified compound 11 b and reference drug, galantamine. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal some conceptual parameters that provide information on the stability and reactivity of the compounds as potential inhibitors. To unveil the binding mechanism, energetics and enzyme-ligand interactions, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of six different systems were executed over a period. Calculated binding free energy values are in the same order with experimental IC50 data. Identification of the main residues driving optimum binding of the active compound 11 b to the binding region of both AChE and BuChE showed Trp81 and Trp110 as the most important, respectively. It was proposed that the studied compound could serve as a dual inhibitor for AChE and BuChE, therefore, would potentially be a promising moiety in a multi-target approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disorder.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Y Adeowo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Murtala A Ejalonibu
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ahmed A Elrashedy
- Molecular Bio-computational and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Monsurat M Lawal
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Hezekiel M Kumalo
- Drug Research and Innovation Unit, Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Merged Tacrine-Based, Multitarget-Directed Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors 2015-Present: Synthesis and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21175965. [PMID: 32825138 PMCID: PMC7504404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is an important biochemical enzyme in that it controls acetylcholine-mediated neuronal transmission in the central nervous system, contains a unique structure with two binding sites connected by a gorge region, and it has historically been the main pharmacological target for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Given the large projected increase in Alzheimer's disease cases in the coming decades and its complex, multifactorial nature, new drugs that target multiple aspects of the disease at once are needed. Tacrine, the first acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used clinically but withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity concerns, remains an important starting point in research for the development of multitarget-directed acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. This review highlights tacrine-based, multitarget-directed acetylcholinesterase inhibitors published in the literature since 2015 with a specific focus on merged compounds (i.e., compounds where tacrine and a second pharmacophore show significant overlap in structure). The synthesis of these compounds from readily available starting materials is discussed, along with acetylcholinesterase inhibition data, relative to tacrine, and structure activity relationships. Where applicable, molecular modeling, to elucidate key enzyme-inhibitor interactions, and secondary biological activity is highlighted. Of the numerous compounds identified, there is a subset with promising preliminary screening results, which should inspire further development and future research in this field.
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BBB-permeable aporphine-type alkaloids in Nelumbo nucifera flowers with accelerative effects on neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells. J Nat Med 2019; 74:212-218. [PMID: 31707550 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable components in the methanolic extract of Nelumbo nucifera flowers showed accelerative effects on neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells. Among the constituents isolated from N. nucifera flowers in our previous study, aporphine-type alkaloids, lirinidine, asimilobine, N-methylasimilobine, and pronuciferine, showed accelerative effects. Lirinidine, N-methylasimilobine, and an alkaloid-rich diethyl ether fraction at low concentrations increased the expression of mRNAs coding for TrkA, Vav3, and Rac1. In addition, good permeability of asimilobine and N-methylasimilobine was confirmed using an in vitro BBB model. Asimilobine and N-methylasimilobine are considered to be suitable as seed compounds of drugs for Alzheimer's disease, because of their activity and BBB permeability.
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Korabecny J, Spilovska K, Mezeiova E, Benek O, Juza R, Kaping D, Soukup O. A Systematic Review on Donepezil-based Derivatives as Potential Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5625-5648. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180517094023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a multifactorial progressive neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and gradual deterioration of intellectual capacity.
Its etiology has not been elucidated yet. To date, only one therapeutic approach has
been approved for the treatment of AD. The pharmacotherapy of AD has relied on noncompetitive
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist - memantine, and acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) inhibitors (AChEIs) - tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine.
Donepezil was able to ameliorate the symptoms related to AD mainly via AChE, but also
through reduction of β-amyloid burden. This review presents the overview of donepezilrelated
compounds as potential anti-AD drugs developed on the basis of cholinergic hypothesis
to act as solely AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korabecny
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Spilovska
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Benek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Radomir Juza
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kaping
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
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Guest FL. Early Detection and Treatment of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: Future Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1118:295-317. [PMID: 30747429 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05542-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease affects approximately 6% of people over the age of 65 years. It is characterized as chronic degeneration of cortical neurons, with loss of memory, cognition and executive functions. As the disease progresses, it is accompanied by accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in key areas of the brain, leading to a loss of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, along with changes in the levels of essential neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and glutamate. Individuals with concomitant diseases such as depression, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, and those who have a healthier diet and partake in regular exercise and intellectual stimulation have a lower risk of developing the disorder. This chapter describes the advances made in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease as this could help to improve outcomes for the patients by facilitating earlier treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca L Guest
- Taunton and Somerset NHS Trust, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, Somerset, UK.
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Mžik M, Žďárová-Karasová J, Chalupová K, Korábečný J, Palička V, Šesták V. UHPLC-HRMS study of anti-Alzheimer's drug candidates: metabolism of 7-MEOTA-tryptophan hybrids hampers their passage into brain. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:134-144. [PMID: 31167157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Being among the top five causes of death in the developed world, Alzheimer's disease represents a major socio-economic issue. We administered a single intramuscular dose of two new hybrid anti-Alzheimer's compounds, with 7-methoxytacrine (7-MEOTA; acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) and tryptophan (inhibitor of amyloid accumulation) in their structure, to rats. Using validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) methods, we uncovered their inability to enter the site of action - the brain. We discuss four possible explanations: i) physico-chemical properties, ii) lack of active/facilitated transport, iii) effective efflux and/or iv) extensive metabolism. High-resolution mass spectrometric analyses proved that the compounds are easily hydrolysed at amide bond between tryptophan and the linker both in vitro and in vivo. Contrary to the parent compounds these metabolites - analogues of 7-MEOTA - can enter the brain in significant amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mžik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - J Žďárová-Karasová
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - K Chalupová
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - J Korábečný
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - V Palička
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - V Šesták
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Janockova J, Korabecny J, Plsikova J, Babkova K, Konkolova E, Kucerova D, Vargova J, Koval J, Jendzelovsky R, Fedorocko P, Kasparkova J, Brabec V, Rosocha J, Soukup O, Hamulakova S, Kuca K, Kozurkova M. In vitro investigating of anticancer activity of new 7-MEOTA-tacrine heterodimers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:877-897. [PMID: 30938202 PMCID: PMC6450562 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1593159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of biochemical, biophysical and biological techniques was used to study calf thymus DNA interaction with newly synthesized 7-MEOTA-tacrine thiourea 12-17 and urea heterodimers 18-22, and to measure interference with type I and II topoisomerases. Their biological profile was also inspected in vitro on the HL-60 cell line using different flow cytometric techniques (cell cycle distribution, detection of mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, and analysis of metabolic activity/viability). The compounds exhibited a profound inhibitory effect on topoisomerase activity (e.g. compound 22 inhibited type I topoisomerase at 1 µM concentration). The treatment of HL-60 cells with the studied compounds showed inhibition of cell growth especially with hybrids containing thiourea (14-17) and urea moieties (21 and 22). Moreover, treatment of human dermal fibroblasts with the studied compounds did not indicate significant cytotoxicity. The observed results suggest beneficial selectivity of the heterodimers as potential drugs to target cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Janockova
- a Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , P. J. Šafárik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic.,b Biomedical Research Center , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- b Biomedical Research Center , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,c Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , University of Defence , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Jana Plsikova
- a Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , P. J. Šafárik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic.,d Associated Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine , P.J. Šafárik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Katerina Babkova
- b Biomedical Research Center , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,c Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , University of Defence , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Eva Konkolova
- a Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , P. J. Šafárik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Dana Kucerova
- e Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science , P. J. Šafárik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Vargova
- e Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science , P. J. Šafárik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Koval
- e Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science , P. J. Šafárik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Rastislav Jendzelovsky
- e Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science , P. J. Šafárik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Fedorocko
- e Department of Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science , P. J. Šafárik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- f Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science , Palacke University , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- f Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science , Palacke University , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Rosocha
- d Associated Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine , P.J. Šafárik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- b Biomedical Research Center , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,c Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , University of Defence , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Slavka Hamulakova
- g Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , P. J. Šafárik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- b Biomedical Research Center , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Maria Kozurkova
- a Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , P. J. Šafárik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic.,b Biomedical Research Center , University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
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Sharma A, Kaur G. Tinospora cordifolia as a potential neuroregenerative candidate against glutamate induced excitotoxicity: an in vitro perspective. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:268. [PMID: 30285727 PMCID: PMC6167833 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of CNS acts as a neurotoxin at higher concentrations. Prolonged activation of glutamate receptors results in progressive neuronal damage by aggravating calcium influx, inducing mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. Excitotoxic cell death is associated with the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders such as trauma, brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. The current study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential of Tinospora cordifolia against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity using primary cerebellar neuronal cultures as a model system. METHODS Monosodium salt of glutamate was used to induce neurotoxic injury in primary cerebellar neurons. Four extracts including Hexane extract, Chloroform extract, Ethyl acetate, and Butanol extract were obtained from fractionation of previously reported aqueous ethanolic extract of T. cordifolia and tested for neuroprotective activity. Out of the four fractions, Butanol extract of T. cordifolia (B-TCE) exhibited neuroprotective potential by preventing degeneration of neurons induced by glutamate. Expression of different neuronal, apoptotic, inflammatory, cell cycle regulatory and plasticity markers was studied by immunostaining and Western blotting. Neurite outgrowth and migration were also studied using primary explant cultures, wound scratch and gelatin zymogram assay. RESULTS At molecular level, B-TCE pretreatment of glutamate-treated cultures normalized the stress-induced downregulation in the expression of neuronal markers (MAP-2, GAP-43, NF200) and anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-xL). Further, cells exposed to glutamate showed enhanced expression of inflammatory (NF-κB, AP-1) and senescence markers (HSP70, Mortalin) as well as the extent of mitochondrial damage. However, B-TCE pretreatment prevented this increase and inhibited glutamate-induced onset of inflammation, stress and mitochondrial membrane damage. Furthermore, B-TCE was observed to promote regeneration, migration and plasticity of cerebellar neurons, which was otherwise significantly inhibited by glutamate treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggest that B-TCE may have neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential against catastrophic consequences of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and could be a potential therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Mezeiova E, Spilovska K, Nepovimova E, Gorecki L, Soukup O, Dolezal R, Malinak D, Janockova J, Jun D, Kuca K, Korabecny J. Profiling donepezil template into multipotent hybrids with antioxidant properties. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29529892 PMCID: PMC6009928 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1443326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is debilitating neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Current therapy relies on administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) -donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine. However, their therapeutic effect is only short-term and stabilizes cognitive functions for up to 2 years. Given this drawback together with other pathological hallmarks of the disease taken into consideration, novel approaches have recently emerged to better cope with AD onset or its progression. One such strategy implies broadening the biological profile of AChEIs into so-called multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs). In this review article, we made comprehensive literature survey emphasising on donepezil template which was structurally converted into plethora of MTLDs preserving anti-cholinesterase effect and, at the same time, escalating the anti-oxidant potential, which was reported as a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mezeiova
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,b National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Spilovska
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,b National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic.,d Department of Chemistry , University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,c Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,d Department of Chemistry , University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Gorecki
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,c Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,b National Institute of Mental Health , Klecany , Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,d Department of Chemistry , University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janockova
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jun
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,c Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,d Department of Chemistry , University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- a Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,c Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews recent advances in drug discovery and development for geriatric psychiatry. Drug discovery for disorders of the central nervous system is a long and challenging process, with a high attrition rate from the preclinical stages through to marketing a compound. Developing drugs for geriatric neuropsychiatric conditions presents additional challenges, due to the complexity of the symptoms, comorbid diagnoses, and the variability of the population. Despite there being limited success over the past two decades, a number of new approaches have identified potential targets for preclinical development and ultimately clinical testing. RECENT FINDINGS Recent approaches have tried to address specific mechanisms that relate to the disease progression. These approaches include combining a number of ligands into to multi-target compounds, or targeting specific types of cells such as protein kinases or myeloid cells. In addition, the increased use of induced pluripotent stem cell cultures has enabled new compounds to be tested on disease-specific tissues, increasing the success rate of the lead compounds going through the preclinical stages. New pharmacological agents designed with advanced screening techniques and the shift towards systems pharmacology is changing the landscape of drug discovery in geriatric psychiatry. There is potential for these new agents to produce targeted effects in the framework of disorders that have long been untreatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Conley
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Paul A Newhouse
- Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1601 23rd Ave., Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Kumar J, Gill A, Shaikh M, Singh A, Shandilya A, Jameel E, Sharma N, Mrinal N, Hoda N, Jayaram B. Pyrimidine-Triazolopyrimidine and Pyrimidine-Pyridine Hybrids as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University); New Delhi- 110025 India
| | - Asim Gill
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; South Asian University; New Delhi- 110021 India
| | - Marziya Shaikh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; South Asian University; New Delhi- 110021 India
| | - Anju Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University); New Delhi- 110025 India
| | - Ashutosh Shandilya
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas; New Delhi- 110016 India
| | - Ehtesham Jameel
- Department of Chemistry; Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University); New Delhi- 110025 India
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; South Asian University; New Delhi- 110021 India
| | - Nirotpal Mrinal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology; South Asian University; New Delhi- 110021 India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Department of Chemistry; Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University); New Delhi- 110025 India
| | - B. Jayaram
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas; New Delhi- 110016 India
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences; IIT Delhi; New Delhi- 110016 India
- Supercomputing facility for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology; IIT Delhi; New Delhi- 110016 India
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