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Luca MM, Buzatu R, Bumbu BA. Evaluating the Protective Role of Vitamin A Supplementation in Periodontal Health: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4775. [PMID: 39200917 PMCID: PMC11355615 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies suggest a potential role for vitamin A supplementation in improving periodontal health, though evidence remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the protective role of vitamin A supplementation on periodontal health, focusing on outcomes such as gingival inflammation, pocket depth reduction, and alveolar bone preservation. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up until May 2024, adhering to strict inclusion criteria that required studies to involve human participants diagnosed with periodontal diseases and to assess the impact of vitamin A through dietary intake or supplementation. This review excluded studies not explicitly focused on vitamin A and those lacking clear, quantifiable outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for randomized controlled trials. Meta-analysis was performed to synthesize data and quantify the effectiveness of vitamin A on periodontal health outcomes. Results: A total of six studies were included in the final analysis with a total of 50,722 participants. The meta-analysis revealed a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94-1.00) for the association between vitamin A supplementation and periodontal health, indicating a slight protective effect. Notably, two high-quality studies reported ORs of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85-1.00) and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.69-1.00), respectively, suggesting a potential reduction in periodontal disease risk with sufficient vitamin A levels. However, high heterogeneity (I2 = 86.93%) across studies indicates variability in outcomes, possibly influenced by demographic and lifestyle factors. Conclusions: Vitamin A supplementation may offer a marginal protective effect against periodontal disease, although results vary significantly across different populations and study designs. Further research is needed to clarify these relationships and to explore the mechanisms through which vitamin A influences periodontal health, considering the high degree of observed heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Mihaela Luca
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Roxana Buzatu
- Department of Dental Aesthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Revolutiei Boulevard 9, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Andrei Bumbu
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
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Iriti M, Spallino G, Franchini R, Rigoni M, Muti P, Lodi G, Sardella A, Varoni EM. Survey on patients' attitude towards the nutritional counselling in the dental setting. BDJ Open 2024; 10:47. [PMID: 38862495 PMCID: PMC11166955 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM A healthy diet could help to prevent both oral and systemic diseases, with dentists and nutritionists supplementing their skills. The dental setting, where patients periodically refer to seeking oral health care, represents a powerful opportunity for nutritional counselling. To the best of our knowledge, no study is available on patients' attitudes towards dietary counselling in the dental setting. This cross-sectional study investigates patients' attitude towards receiving nutritional support within the dental setting and it elucidates whether a transdisciplinary approach would be well accepted. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire was administered to patients attending three different clinics: a private clinic, a hospital dental clinic of the national healthcare system and the private dental practice within the same hospital. RESULTS Three hundred thirteen questionnaires were collected. Most dental patients acknowledged receiving nutritional advice from both dentists and nutritionists. The nutritionist within the dental setting was positively perceived, providing useful advice to prevent oral and systemic diseases and also drawing up a diet with periodic follow-ups. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings support the positive attitude of patients towards receiving nutritional counselling within the dental setting. The dental clinics can be pivotal in oral and systemic disease screening and prevention and a multidisciplinary approach is highly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iriti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Spallino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - R Franchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Odontostomatologia, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo - Presidio Ospedaliero San Paolo, Milan, Italy
| | - M Rigoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - P Muti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - G Lodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Odontostomatologia, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo - Presidio Ospedaliero San Paolo, Milan, Italy
| | - A Sardella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Odontostomatologia, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo - Presidio Ospedaliero San Paolo, Milan, Italy
| | - E M Varoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Odontostomatologia, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo - Presidio Ospedaliero San Paolo, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Varela-López A, Bullon B, Gallardo I, Quiles JL, Bullon P. Association of specific nutritional intake with periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:640. [PMID: 38816851 PMCID: PMC11138069 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to evaluate nutritional intake among a group of male patients in the dental clinic with and without periodontal disease to search for associations between nutritional profile and periodontal health. METHODS To this purpose, nutritional intake of macronutrients, fiber, vitamins, and minerals were compared evaluating both clinical parameters and periodontal status. Non periodontitis patients were compared with stage III and IV periodontitis and its extension according to the 2017 classification. RESULTS After multivariate analysis, statistically significant associations were found between the dietary intake of energy, total fat, cholesterol, calcium, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat and folic acid and iodine and periodontitis status. This study reports an inverse association between cholesterol and iodine and periodontitis and a direct association with saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and folic acid. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining an adequate intake of fat, iodine, calcium, and cholesterol and avoiding an excessive intake of energy, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and folic acid could be important to controlling periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bullon
- Department of Stomalogy, Dental School, University of Sevilla, C/Avicena s.n., Sevilla, 41009, Spain
| | - Isabel Gallardo
- Department of Stomalogy, Dental School, University of Sevilla, C/Avicena s.n., Sevilla, 41009, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Bullon
- Department of Stomalogy, Dental School, University of Sevilla, C/Avicena s.n., Sevilla, 41009, Spain.
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4
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Bulut SO, Noyun D, Dirikan İpci S, Cakar G. Serum vitamin D, hemoglobin A1c and vitamin B12 levels in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis stages. Biomark Med 2024; 18:449-457. [PMID: 39007836 PMCID: PMC11457636 DOI: 10.1080/17520363.2024.2342236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare the serum vitamin D, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and vitamin B12 levels in patients with gingivitis and four different periodontitis stages diagnosed according to the 2017 Periodontal Disease Classification. Materials & methods: A total of 606 patients were included in the study who were diagnosed with gingivitis and stage I-IV periodontitis. Patients were divided into groups based on disease stage, and the HbA1c, vitamin D and B12 levels of the patients were compared and analyzed. Result: The highest HbA1c level and the lowest vitamin D level were seen in stage III-IV periodontitis. The highest vitamin D and B12 levels were seen in the gingivitis group. Conclusion: Serum HbA1c, vitamin D and B12 levels might vary depending on the presence or severity of periodontitis.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT05745779 (This study was registered and approved by www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcen Ozcan Bulut
- Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontology Department, Niğde, TR-51200, Turkey
| | - Deniz Noyun
- Dentplus Dental Clinic, Bursa, TR-16140, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Dirikan İpci
- Altınbaş University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul, TR-34147, Turkey
| | - Gokser Cakar
- Altınbaş University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Istanbul, TR-34147, Turkey
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5
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Cosgarea R, Sculean A, Doerfer C. Can vitamins improve periodontal wound healing/regeneration? Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:539-602. [PMID: 37592831 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex inflammatory disorder of the tooth supporting structures, associated with microbial dysbiosis, and linked to a number if systemic conditions. Untreated it can result in an irreversible damage to the periodontal structures and eventually teeth loss. Regeneration of the lost periodontium requires an orchestration of a number of biological events on cellular and molecular level. In this context, a set of vitamins have been advocated, relying their beneficial physiological effects, to endorse the biological regenerative events of the periodontium on cellular and molecular levels. The aim of the present article is to elaborate on the question whether or not vitamins improve wound healing/regeneration, summarizing the current evidence from in vitro, animal and clinical studies, thereby shedding light on the knowledge gap in this field and highlighting future research needs. Although the present review demonstrates the current heterogeneity in the available evidence and knowledge gaps, findings suggest that vitamins, especially A, B, E, and CoQ10, as well as vitamin combinations, could exert positive attributes on the periodontal outcomes in adjunct to surgical or nonsurgical periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Raluca Cosgarea
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-implant Diseases, Philips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Clinic for Prosthetic Dentistry, University Iuliu-Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christof Doerfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Garcia VG, Rocha TED, Gomes NA, Miessi DMJ, Nuernberg MAA, Rodrigues JVS, Cardoso JDM, Ervolino E, Theodoro LH. Adjuvant effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the treatment of experimental periodontitis in rats undergoing chemotherapy. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230135. [PMID: 37991087 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical procedures, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, individually or in association, are current oncological treatments. Among the most used chemotherapy drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is an antimetabolite with a broad spectrum of action. This study evaluated the effects of probiotics (PRO) as an adjuvant to the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats immunosuppressed with 5FU.108 rats were randomly allocated to six different groups: EP; SS - systemic treatment with saline solution (SS); 5FU - systemic treatment with 5FU; 5FU+PRO - systemic treatment with 5FU, followed by the local administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; 5FU+SRP - systemic treatment with 5-FU, followed by scaling and root planing (SRP); and 5FU+SRP+PRO - systemic treatment with 5FU followed by local treatments with SRP and PRO. Immunosuppression was obtained at two points: at the time of ligature installation and after 48 h. Six animals from each group were euthanized at seven, 15, and 30 d and hemimandibles were collected and processed for histopathological, histometric, and immunohistochemical analysis. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (α=5%). At 7 d, the 5FU+PRO group showed less bone resorption and better structured connective tissue compared with the EP, SS, 5FU+SRP, and 5FU+SRP+PRO groups. At 15 d, the 5FU+SRP group showed a greater intensity of the inflammatory response (p<0.05). At 30 d, the 5FU+SRP+PRO group showed better structured bone tissue and a higher percentage of bone tissue (PBT) than the EP, SS, 5FU, and 5FU+PRO groups (p<0.05). The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as monotherapy or as an adjuvant to periodontal therapy may have a positive effect on bone repair in immunosuppressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdir Gouveia Garcia
- Instituto Latino Americano de Pesquisa e Ensino Odontológico (ILAPEO), Curitiba , PR , Brasil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | - Tiago Esgalha da Rocha
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | - Natália Amanda Gomes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | - Daniela Maria Janjácomo Miessi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | - Marta Aparecida Alberton Nuernberg
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | - João Victor Soares Rodrigues
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | | | - Edilson Ervolino
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Ciências Básicas , Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
| | - Letícia Helena Theodoro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba , Departamento de Diagnóstico e Cirurgia , Divisão Periodontia, Araçatuba , SP , Brasil
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7
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Abuljadayel JA. The Potential Uses of Baobab Tree's Medicinal Effects in Dentistry: A Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e49304. [PMID: 38957190 PMCID: PMC11218599 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Adansonia digitata (Baobab) tree is an African tree with a long history in traditional medicine. The local inhabitants of Africa have been using the different tree components to treat medical diseases, such as fever, diarrhea, malaria, cough, dysentery, and microbial infections. Recently, the tree gained the attention of scientists due to its medical and pharmaceutical properties and nutritional values, which generated a myriad number of investigations regarding its phytochemical and macro- and micronutrient contents. The fruit pulp is especially rich in vitamin C, pectin, fibers, and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, iron, and copper. Additionally, the leaves contain high levels of calcium, while the seeds are considered a good source of protein and fat. Altogether, they contain a variety of polyphenols, fatty acids, and amino acids. The tree extracts possess potent antioxidant, cell-protective, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, no information was found in the literature about the use of Baobab tree products in the dental field. The aim of this review is to discuss the well-documented medical effects and chemical and mineral components of the different Baobab tree parts from a dental point of view to open more areas of research concerning its potential applications in the dental field. Antioxidants and vitamin C are known to help in maintaining healthy periodontal and gingival tissues. They also help in wound healing and alveolar bone integrity. Moreover, phytochemicals and phenolic compounds have been utilized in controlling dental plaque and manufacturing intracanal medications as they manifest antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, calcium and phosphorus incorporation in dental biomaterials is commonly used in vital pulp therapy and repairing bone defects. After reviewing the reported medicinal and pharmaceutical activities of the Baobab tree, it can be inferred that the tree extracts possess potential uses in the dental field, which requires further investigation for validation.
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Magalhães TR, Corbee RJ, Queiroga FL, Lourenço AL. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids in the management of feline periodontal disease: What is the evidence? J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1465-1472. [PMID: 37403250 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an oral disorder with high prevalence in cats from 2 years of age, resulting from an inflammatory response against bacterial plaque. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease and may include dental scaling, local application of perioceutics, tissue regeneration and/or even tooth extraction and periodontal surgery. As multimodal therapy is often required, new strategies have been developed to improve the therapeutic response in these patients. Adjuvant use of omega-3 fatty acids has been reported in humans with periodontal disease, but the current evidence of its effect in companion animals, especially cats, is still considered to be scarce and conflicting. This review describes the state of the art regarding feline periodontal disease and seeks to clarify the potential effect of omega-3 fatty acids on its clinical management in light of the evidence available in the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás R Magalhães
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ronald J Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Felisbina L Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L Lourenço
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Nascimento GG, Leite FRM, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Peres KG, Peres MA. Dietary vitamin D and calcium and periodontitis: A population-based study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1016763. [PMID: 36618706 PMCID: PMC9815180 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1016763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to explore the relationship between dietary vitamin D and calcium intake and periodontitis among adults and whether it differs from males to females. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort study with adults aged 20 to 60 from Southern Brazil. Intake of vitamin D and calcium were gathered in 2012 using two 24h-dietary recalls. Clinical examination assessed the clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing. Confounders included sex, age, family income, smoking, and obesity. The controlled direct effect of vitamin D and calcium on periodontitis was examined using marginal structural modeling. Analyses were also stratified by sex. Results Of the 1,066 investigated adults (mean age 35 ± 11.7 years; 49% females), 12.3% (95%CI 10.2;14.7) had periodontitis. Calcium intake had a direct protective effect on periodontitis (risk ratio (RR) 0.61; 95%CI 0.45;0.83), whereas no association between vitamin D and periodontitis was observed (RR 1.13; 95%CI 0.82;1.56). Stratified analyses revealed a null association between both vitamin D and calcium intake and periodontitis among men, but a protective association between calcium and intake and periodontitis among women (RR 0.56; 95%CI 0.38;0.79), while vitamin D remained without any association (RR 1.07; 95%CI 0.72;1.61). Conclusion Our findings suggest a protective association between dietary calcium intake and periodontitis among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo G. Nascimento
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Oral Health ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Gustavo G. Nascimento, ,
| | - Fábio R. M. Leite
- Section for Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Oral Health ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David A. Gonzalez-Chica
- Discipline of General Practice, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Karen G. Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marco A. Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Oral Health ACP, Health Services and Systems Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Nannan M, Xiaoping L, Ying J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Progress in related mechanisms and management strategies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:963956. [PMID: 36388896 PMCID: PMC9640773 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.963956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory and destructive disease of tissues supporting the tooth. A large number of studies have confirmed that periodontal pathogens and their metabolites can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes in direct or indirect ways. Adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and pre-eclampsia, have a serious impact on human reproductive health. In recent years, although the level of global medical technology has gradually improved, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes has not declined and is still a global public health problem. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current data on periodontal disease in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the pathogenic mechanism related to this association, the efficacy of different nutrition supplements for both periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes and the effect of providing periodontal treatment on the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, to provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jin Ying
- Department of Stomatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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11
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Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Alveolar Bone Damage in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101902. [PMID: 36290625 PMCID: PMC9598833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) juice is rich in phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity. It has been observed that the use of antioxidants may be an additional strategy to nonsurgical periodontal therapy as well as to prevent alveolar bone loss. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of açaí supplementation on experimental periodontitis in rats. Twenty male Rattus norvegicus (Wistar) rats were assigned into control, açaí, experimental periodontitis, and experimental periodontitis with açaí supplementation groups. Periodontitis was induced by placing ligatures around the lower first molars. Animals in the açaí groups received 0.01 mL/g of clarified açaí juice for 14 days by intragastric gavage. At the end of the experimental period, blood was collected to assess the reduced glutathione (GSH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) levels. Moreover, hemimandibles were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for alveolar bone loss and bone quality. Açaí supplementation increased blood total antioxidant capacity and decreased lipid peroxidation. It also reduced alveolar bone loss when compared to the experimental periodontitis group. Moreover, clarified açaí per se modulated the oxidative biochemistry and bone microstructure. Thus, açaí may be considered a viable alternative for managing periodontal oxidative stress and preventing alveolar bone loss.
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12
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Butera A, Pascadopoli M, Gallo S, Alovisi M, Lovati E, Mutti E, Scribante A. Domiciliary Management of Periodontal Indexes and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in Type 1 Diabetic Patients with Paraprobiotic-Based Toothpaste and Mousse: Randomized Clinical Trial. APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 12:8610. [DOI: 10.3390/app12178610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammation of periodontal tissues. Several systemic diseases are related to this condition. One of the strongest associations is that of periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). On the contrary, the link with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has not been extensively investigated. The objective of the present report is to evaluate and compare the effect of two domiciliary oral hygiene protocols on the periodontal clinical status as well as on the metabolic control in patients affected by T1DM. Methods: Sample size calculation required 20 patients per group, therefore 40 patients were equally and randomly assigned to the following home oral care protocols: a probiotic-based one (trial group) and a natural extracts-based one (control group). At the beginning of the study, after 3 and 6 months, the following periodontal indexes were collected: Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Plaque Index (PI), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Bleeding on Probing (BoP), and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c). Data underwent statistical analysis (significance threshold: p < 0.05). Results: In both groups, significant decreases in the periodontal clinical indexes were found at various time frames, whereas the levels of HbA1c significantly decreased only in the control group. Conclusions: Both the domiciliary treatments administered can significantly improve PPD, PI, CAL, and BOP parameters, whereas only the natural extracts-based gel seems to decrease HbA1c levels of T1DM patients.
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Giordano-Kelhoffer B, Lorca C, March Llanes J, Rábano A, del Ser T, Serra A, Gallart-Palau X. Oral Microbiota, Its Equilibrium and Implications in the Pathophysiology of Human Diseases: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081803. [PMID: 36009350 PMCID: PMC9405223 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalances of the oral microbiota and dysbiosis have traditionally been linked to the occurrence of teeth and oral diseases. However, recent findings indicate that this microbiota exerts relevant influence in systemic health. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiota is implicated in the apparition and progression of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and other major human diseases. In fact, the oral microbiota are the second most diverse and largely populated microbiota of the human body and its relationships with systemic health, although widely explored, they still lack of proper integration. The purpose of this systematic review is thus to widely examine the implications of oral microbiota in oral, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases to offer integrative and up-to-date interpretations. To achieve that aim, we identified a total of 121 studies curated in PUBMED from the time interval January 2003–April 2022, which after careful screening resulted in 79 studies included. The reviewed scientific literature provides plausible vias of implication of dysbiotic oral microbiota in systemic human diseases, and encourages further research to continue elucidating the highly relevant and still poorly understood implications of this niche microbiota in systemic health. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42022299692. This systematic review follows relevant PRISMA guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Giordano-Kelhoffer
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08017 Barcelona, Spain;
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08017 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida), Neuroscience Area, +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Cristina Lorca
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida), Neuroscience Area, +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- IMDEA—Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, 8 Crta. Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume March Llanes
- NeuroPGA Research Group—Psychology Department, University of Lleida (UdL), 25001 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Alzheimer’s Centre Reina Sofia—CIEN Foundation, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.); (T.d.S.)
| | - Teodoro del Ser
- Alzheimer’s Centre Reina Sofia—CIEN Foundation, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (A.R.); (T.d.S.)
| | - Aida Serra
- IMDEA—Food Research Institute, +Pec Proteomics, Campus of International Excellence UAM + CSIC, Old Cantoblanco Hospital, 8 Crta. Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (X.G.-P.); Tel.: +34-91-7278-100 (A.S.); +34-97-3702-224 (X.G.-P.)
| | - Xavier Gallart-Palau
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRB Lleida), Neuroscience Area, +Pec Proteomics Research Group (+PPRG), University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Psychology Department, University of Lleida (UdL), 25001 Lleida, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (X.G.-P.); Tel.: +34-91-7278-100 (A.S.); +34-97-3702-224 (X.G.-P.)
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Sllamniku Dalipi Z, Dragidella F. Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation as Non-Surgical Treatment for Periodontal Disease with a Focus on Female Patients: Literature Review. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:120. [PMID: 35877394 PMCID: PMC9319146 DOI: 10.3390/dj10070120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a complex disease that involves an imbalance between the oral microbiota and an individual's inflammatory response. Moreover, the inflammatory response contributes to further imbalance; if left untreated, periodontal disease may result in tooth loss. Vitamin D is intricately involved in the regulation of calcium-phosphate homeostasis and bone mineral metabolism; considering that periodontal surgery usually includes regenerative therapy, adequate vitamin D and calcium levels are essential. The benefits of vitamin D and calcium supplementation have been demonstrated in situations where deficiency is associated with adverse outcomes, such as periodontal disease and maternal health. However, knowledge and attitudes about supplementation, as well as the actual levels of supplementation, vary greatly in the general population; they also differ between men and women. The aim of this review is to discuss how vitamin D and calcium supplementation affect oral and periodontal health, especially in women. Additionally, this review provides suggestions for public health strategies regarding vitamin D and calcium supplementation, as well as the effects of both types of supplementation on maternal oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatmir Dragidella
- Periodontology and Oral Medicine Department, University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina, Street Lagjja e Spitalit p.n., 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo;
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15
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The Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Nutritional Status and Its Possible Relation with Oral Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102002. [PMID: 35631140 PMCID: PMC9143067 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated a strong relation between periodontal diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main mechanisms at the base of this link are malnutrition, vitamin dysregulation, especially of B-group vitamins and of C and D vitamins, oxidative stress, metabolic acidosis and low-grade inflammation. In particular, in hemodialysis (HD) adult patients, an impairment of nutritional status has been observed, induced not only by the HD procedures themselves, but also due to numerous CKD-related comorbidities. The alteration of nutritional assessment induces systemic manifestations that have repercussions on oral health, like oral microbiota dysbiosis, slow healing of wounds related to hypovitaminosis C, and an alteration of the supporting bone structures of the oral cavity related to metabolic acidosis and vitamin D deficiency. Low-grade inflammation has been observed to characterize periodontal diseases locally and, in a systemic manner, CKD contributes to the amplification of the pathological process, bidirectionally. Therefore, CKD and oral disease patients should be managed by a multidisciplinary professional team that can evaluate the possible co-presence of these two pathological conditions, that negatively influence each other, and set up therapeutic strategies to treat them. Once these patients have been identified, they should be included in a follow-up program, characterized by periodic checks in order to manage these pathological conditions.
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Di Stefano M, Polizzi A, Santonocito S, Romano A, Lombardi T, Isola G. Impact of Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Health and Periodontitis: A Critical Review on Prevention and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095142. [PMID: 35563531 PMCID: PMC9103139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, oral cavity, digestive and reproductive tracts of the human body harbor symbiotic and commensal microorganisms living harmoniously with the host. The oral cavity houses one of the most heterogeneous microbial communities found in the human organism, ranking second in terms of species diversity and complexity only to the gastrointestinal microbiota and including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. The accumulation of microbial plaque in the oral cavity may lead, in susceptible individuals, to a complex host-mediated inflammatory and immune response representing the primary etiological factor of periodontal damage that occurs in periodontitis. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting about 20-50% of people worldwide and manifesting clinically through the detection of gingival inflammation, clinical attachment loss (CAL), radiographic assessed resorption of alveolar bone, periodontal pockets, gingival bleeding upon probing, teeth mobility and their potential loss in advanced stages. This review will evaluate the changes characterizing the oral microbiota in healthy periodontal tissues and those affected by periodontal disease through the evidence present in the literature. An important focus will be placed on the immediate and future impact of these changes on the modulation of the dysbiotic oral microbiome and clinical management of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Di Stefano
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.I.)
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (S.S.); Tel.: +39-095-3782638 (A.P. & S.S.)
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (S.S.); Tel.: +39-095-3782638 (A.P. & S.S.)
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, Unit of Hematology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Teresa Lombardi
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (M.D.S.); (G.I.)
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The effects of Lactobacillus reuteri on the inflammation and periodontal tissue repair in rats: a pilot study. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:516-526. [PMID: 36092517 PMCID: PMC9453527 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of probiotic (PRO) Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM17938) as an adjuvant to the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP). Material and methods Fifty-four male adult Wistar rats were included. EP was induced and maintained for 7 days. Subsequently, the ligature was removed and the animals were allocated into three different experimental groups (n = 18/group): EP – no local treatment, the animals received four systemic saline solution (SS) administrations; SRP+SS, the animals underwent SRP treatment, followed by SS administration; and SRP+PRO, the animals received SRP treatment, followed by the systemic administration of PROs (Lactobacillus reuteri ; 0.16 ml/day). Six animals from each group were euthanised at 7, 15 and 30 days. Histological and histometric analyses of alveolar bone loss (BL) and immunohistochemical analyses for TRAP, RANKL, OPG, OCN, and PCNA were performed. Shapiro–Wilk, ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey, Kruskal–Wallis, Student–Newman Keuls were performed. Results The SRP+PRO group presented a reduction in inflammation. At 15 days, a lower BL was observed in the SRP+SS and SRP+PRO groups. Greater immunolabeling was noticed for PCNA at 15 days in the SRP+PRO group than in the SRP+SS group. The SRP+PRO group demonstrated a higher OCN immunolabeling pattern than the EP group at 15 and 30 days. Conclusion The use of Lactobacillus reuteri as an adjuvant to SRP for the treatment of EP showed promising results in the control of local inflammatory responses, and enhanced the periodontal tissue repair process according to the employed concentration.
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18
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Relationship between Undernutrition and Periodontal Diseases among a Sample of Yemeni Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:7863531. [PMID: 35265136 PMCID: PMC8901342 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7863531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition is an inadequate supply of energy and nutrients. Periodontal diseases (PDs) are defined as a broad form of chronic inflammatory disease of the gingiva, bone, and ligaments supporting the teeth. This study aimed to reveal the relationship between undernutrition, using body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level (Alb), and PDs in a sample of Yemeni population. A cross-sectional study was conducted at dental teaching clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University. Of 1920 patients who attended clinics, only 229 matched the study criteria. Oral examination was performed to assess the periodontal clinical parameter measurements. BMI and Alb were measured. Participants of both genders were involved, with a slight increase in males (n = 134, 58.5%), and most of the study sample was in the age group of 18–35 years (n = 209, 91.3%). Regarding habits, only 18.2% (n = 43) of patients were smokers and about half of the participants (n = 136, 59.4%) were khat chewers. Most cases had mild undernutrition according to BMI (n = 139, 60.7%) and normal Alb level (n = 213, 93%). Regarding the periodontal diagnosis, most of the participants were diagnosed with gingivitis (n = 186, 81.2%). BMI and albumin level were nonsignificantly associated with PDs. PDs were statistically significant with the participant’s age, gender, level of education, and smoking (
). However, BMI, khat chewing, and albumin level were nonsignificant factors of periodontal diseases among Yemeni participants (
). In both genders, variables such as age of the patients, smoking, khat chewing, and PDs were nonsignificantly associated with BMI. This study showed that the majority of the participants had been diagnosed with gingivitis, but there was not an association between PDs and undernutrition. This paper is presented on research square URL // https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-429796/v1 with DOI 10.21203/rs.3.rs-429796/v1.
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The Effects of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Natural Compounds on Chronic Periodontitis: A Clinical Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:59-80. [PMID: 34981471 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The paper aims to review the current clinical evidence of various herbal agents as an adjunct treatment in the management of chronic periodontitis patients. Gingivitis and periodontitis are two common infectious inflammatory diseases of the supporting tissues of the teeth and have a multifactorial etiology. An important concern about chronic periodontitis is its association with certain systemic disease. New treatment strategies for controlling the adverse effects of chronic periodontitis have been extensively assessed and practiced in sub-clinical and clinical studies. It has been shown that the phytochemical agents have various therapeutic properties such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects which can be beneficial for the treatment of periodontitis. The findings of this review support the adjunctive use of herbal agents in the management of chronic periodontitis. Heterogeneity and limited data may reduce the impact of these conclusions. Future long-term randomized controlled trials evaluating the clinical efficacy of adjunctive herbal therapy to scaling and root planing are needed.
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Effects of Essential Oils and Selected Compounds from Lamiaceae Family as Adjutants on the Treatment of Subjects with Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Risk. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils from different plant species were found to contain different compounds exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects with the potential to be a valid alternative to conventional chemotherapy that is limited in long-term use due to its serious side effects. Generally, the first mechanism by which an organism counteracts injurious stimuli is inflammation, which is considered a part of the innate immune system. Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory disease caused by a dysbiosis in the subgingival microbiome that triggers an exacerbated immune response of the host. The immune–inflammatory component leads to the destruction of gingival and alveolar bone tissue. The main anti-inflammation strategies negatively modulate the inflammatory pathways and the involvement of inflammatory mediators by interfering with the gene’s expression or on the activity of some enzymes and so affecting the release of proinflammatory cytokines. These effects are a possible target from an effective and safe approach, suing plant-derived anti-inflammatory agents. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence about the effects of essentials oils from derived from plants of the Lamiaceae family as complementary agents for the treatment of subjects with periodontitis and their possible effect on the cardiovascular risk of these patients.
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21
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Butera A, Gallo S, Maiorani C, Preda C, Chiesa A, Esposito F, Pascadopoli M, Scribante A. Management of Gingival Bleeding in Periodontal Patients with Domiciliary Use of Toothpastes Containing Hyaluronic Acid, Lactoferrin, or Paraprobiotics: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 11:8586. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an irreversible oral disease causing the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. In addition to scaling and root planing (SRP) procedures, patients should achieve a correct domiciliary oral hygiene in order to maintain a healthy status. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of different toothpastes in reducing gingival bleeding in periodontal patients. In addition to a professional treatment of SRP, 80 patients were randomly divided into four groups according to the toothpaste assigned for the daily domiciliary use using an electric toothbrush: Group 1 (Biorepair Gum Protection), Group 2 (Biorepair Plus Parodontgel), Group 3 (Biorepair Peribioma PRO), and Group 4 (Meridol Gum Protection) (control group). After baseline (T0), patients were visited after 15 days (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3). At each appointment, the following periodontal indexes were assessed: bleeding on probing (BoP), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), and modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI). All the experimental toothpastes caused an immediate significant modification of the three clinical indexes measured, except for the control product. Biorepair Peribioma PRO, with its paraprobiotic content, was also the only toothpaste causing a prolonged effect, reducing BoP even at T3. Accordingly, both hyaluronic acid and lactoferrin appear as reliable supports for the domiciliary management of periodontal disease. In spite of this, paraprobiotics are likely to show the most important benefit thanks to their immunomodulating mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Butera
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Gallo
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Carolina Maiorani
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Camilla Preda
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Chiesa
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Unit of Dental Hygiene, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pascadopoli
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Scribante
- Unit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Huang Y, Chen H, Su Y, Liu H, Hu J, Hong K. Increased blood alpha-carotene, all-trans-Beta-carotene and lycopene levels are associated with beneficial changes in heart rate variability: a CVD-stratified analysis in an adult population-based study. Nutr J 2021; 20:43. [PMID: 33971890 PMCID: PMC8111755 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00700-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the associations of antioxidant micronutrients, such as carotenoids and vitamins, with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been studied extensively, blood concentrations of antioxidant micronutrients and heart rate variability (HRV), which has been proven to be an indicator of cardiac autonomic control, has not been reported. We aimed to explore whether blood concentrations of antioxidant micronutrients, including carotenoids and vitamins, are associated with elevated heart rate variability (HRV (beneficial change) in a cross-sectional analysis. Methods Data were obtained from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study that includes a general adult population. A total of 1074 (aged 34–84) individuals were included. Multivariable analyses were performed to investigate the association between main blood carotenoids (total lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, 13-cis-beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, all-trans-beta-carotene and total lycopene) and vitamins A (retinol) and E (gamma-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherol) and HRV after adjustments were made for lifestyle factors and age-related confounders. Results Pearson correlation analyses showed that the increased levels of carotenoids and vitamins were positively correlated with higher HRV (all P < 0.05). After adjustments were made for age, gender, race, body mass index(BMI), ever-smoker, number of drinking years and exercise, blood alpha-carotene, all-trans-beta-carotene and total lycopene levels were independently associated with higher HRV in the linear regression model (all P < 0.05). Sensitivity analysis by adding “ever chronic respiratory diseases” as a covariate suggested that blood concentrations of these three carotenoids were still associated with higher low-frequency (LF)-HRV and high-frequency (HF)-HRV (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, stratified analyses suggested that the associations were affected by adding “heart disease” and “hypertension” as covariates. Conclusions We provide the first evidence that elevated blood concentrations of alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene and lycopene are associated with beneficial changes in HRV in the general population. Daily intake of fruit and vegetables may be beneficial to increase blood carotenoid status and further prevent autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuhao Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hualong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinzhu Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China. .,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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23
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Badillo-Carrasco A, Jiménez-Trigo V, Romero-Márquez JM, Rivas-García L, Varela-López A, Navarro-Hortal MD. Evidence supporting beneficial effects of virgin olive oil compared to sunflower and fish oils from the point of view of aging and longevity. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-210587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet plays a central role in aging and in the prevention of age-related diseases. Specifically, dietary lipids have influence on processes like oxidative stress or inflammation. This review summarizes and compares the effects of lifelong feeding on three different fat sources, namely virgin olive oil, sunflower oil or fish oil (which differ in fatty acid profile and minor components content) in the pancreas, liver, alveolar bone and femur of old rats. Also, effects on longevity and causes of death are summarized. Animals fed on virgin olive oil had a lower number of β cells and insulin content in the pancreas, less liver fibrosis, less loss of alveolar bone, and greater bone mass density in the femur. In general, the markers of oxidative damage at the liver, pancreatic, gingival and systemic levels were also lower in animals fed on virgin olive oil compared to those treated with sunflower or fish oil. Finally, although the animals died from similar causes regardless of the experimental group, virgin olive oil increased lifespan compared to sunflower oil. Therefore, it is evidenced the chance to modulate the effects of the physiological aging process by diet and, more specifically, by dietary fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Badillo-Carrasco
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - Victoria Jiménez-Trigo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - José M. Romero-Márquez
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Rivas-García
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain
- Sport and Health Research Centre, University of Granada, C/. Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain
| | - María D. Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Armilla, Avda. del Conocimiento s.n., 18100 Armilla, Spain
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Costa PD, Canaan JCR, Midori Castelo P, Campideli Fonseca D, Márcia Pereira-Dourado S, Mendonça Murata R, Pardi V, José Pereira L. Influence of Micronutrient Intake, Sociodemographic, and Behavioral Factors on Periodontal Status of Adults Assisted by a Public Health Care System in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Multivariate Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:973. [PMID: 33802889 PMCID: PMC8002608 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of access to a balanced diet, rich in vitamins and minerals, can predispose people to inflammatory diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between micronutrient intake, sociodemographic behavioral characteristics, and periodontal health in adults assisted by a public health care system. Participants (n = 450) answered a food frequency questionnaire and were submitted to anthropometric and oral clinical examinations. Principal component analysis was used to summarize the number of components emerging from 17-micronutrient intake. Subsequently, cluster analysis was employed. The prevalence of at least one periodontal pocket ≥ 4 mm was 67.4%. Three clusters were identified according to periodontal status. Cluster 1 "poor periodontal status" was characterized by older individuals (n = 202; 85% females) with poor periodontal status, lower education level, mainly smokers with non-transmissible chronic diseases (NTCD), with lower energy, omega-3, fiber, Zn, K, Cu, and vitamin C intake. Cluster 3 "healthy periodontal status" included younger individuals (n = 54) with the healthiest periodontal status, a higher education level, without NTCD, and with higher energy, omega-3, fiber, Zn, calcium, retinol, and riboflavin intake. Cluster 2 was labeled as "intermediate periodontal status". Micronutrient ingestion was associated with periodontal status and may be considered in health promotion actions for low-income populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Daniela Costa
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (P.D.C.); (J.C.R.C.); (S.M.P.-D.)
| | - Juliana Cristina Reis Canaan
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (P.D.C.); (J.C.R.C.); (S.M.P.-D.)
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 09913-030 Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | | | - Stela Márcia Pereira-Dourado
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (P.D.C.); (J.C.R.C.); (S.M.P.-D.)
| | - Ramiro Mendonça Murata
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Vanessa Pardi
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, NC 27834, USA;
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- Health Sciences Faculty, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (P.D.C.); (J.C.R.C.); (S.M.P.-D.)
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Fageeh HN, Fageeh HI, Prabhu A, Bhandi S, Khan S, Patil S. Efficacy of vitamin C supplementation as an adjunct in the non-surgical management of periodontitis: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2021; 10:5. [PMID: 33397446 PMCID: PMC7780401 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The antioxidant potential of vitamin C is useful in reducing oxidative stress, free radicals, and reactive oxygen species, which may assist in the improved outcomes of periodontal therapy. This systematic review was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin C supplementation as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy, in the management of periodontitis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials published between January 1990 and March 2020. PARTICIPANTS People 18 years and older with periodontitis. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) quality appraisal tool. RESULTS The initial search yielded 441 articles out of which six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Vitamin C supplementation helped improve bleeding indices in gingivitis but did not significantly lead to reduction of probing depths or clinical attachment gain for periodontitis. CONCLUSION Administration of vitamin C as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy did not result in clinically significant improvements in pocket probing depths at 3 months in periodontitis patients. With the limited evidence available, no recommendation can be made for supplementation of vitamin C in conjunction with initial periodontal therapy for subjects with periodontitis to improve primary treatment outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hytham N Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hammam I Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwin Prabhu
- Department of Periodontics, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahrukh Khan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Ranjit R, Takalloabdal S, Galchenko A. Importance of micronutrients in the oral cavity. ACTA STOMATOLOGICA NAISSI 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/asn2183186r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Micronutrients play a potent role in the functioning of the different systems of the organism. It is necessary to sustain an adequate status of the micronutrients for maintaining the optimal condition of the oral cavity. The aim: Toemphasize the importance of different micronutrients for the normal functioning of the oral cavity, as well as their influence on the occurrence of various diseases of the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. Conclusion: Micronutrients such as vitamin C, B9 and E, calcium, zinc, copper and iron have a role in development so as anti-inflammatory and antioxidants properties Deficiency of certain micronutrients plays an important role in the development of periodontitis and caries. People with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, as well as children, pregnant and breastfeeding women, are usually deficient in these vitamins and therefore often susceptible to the development of inflammatory changes in soft tissues of oral cavity , periodontitis and caries.
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Greabu M, Giampieri F, Imre MM, Mohora M, Totan A, Pituru SM, Ionescu E. Autophagy, One of the Main Steps in Periodontitis Pathogenesis and Evolution. Molecules 2020; 25:E4338. [PMID: 32971808 PMCID: PMC7570503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis represents a complex inflammatory disease that compromises the integrity of the tooth-supporting tissue through the interaction of specific periodontal pathogens and the host's immune system. Experimental data help to outline the idea that the molecular way towards periodontitis initiation and progression presents four key steps: bacterial infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy. The aim of this review is to outline the autophagy involvement in the pathogenesis and evolution of periodontitis from at least three points of view: periodontal pathogen invasion control, innate immune signaling pathways regulation and apoptosis inhibition in periodontal cells. The exact roles played by reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the molecular mechanisms for autophagy initiation in periodontitis still require further investigation. However, clarifying the role and the mechanism of redox regulation of autophagy in the periodontitis context may be particularly beneficial for the elaboration of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Greabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri 65, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Marina Melescanu Imre
- Department of Complete Denture, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Mohora
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Totan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Silviu Mirel Pituru
- Department of Professional Organization and Medical Legislation-Malpractice, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ecaterina Ionescu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dento-Facial Orthopedics’, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
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Machado V, Lobo S, Proença L, Mendes JJ, Botelho J. Vitamin D and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2177. [PMID: 32708032 PMCID: PMC7468917 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the vitamin D levels of periodontitis patients in comparison with periodontally healthy ones, and to assess the influence of vitamin D supplementation as an adjunctive during nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Five databases (Pubmed, Embase, Scholar, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane Library) were searched until May 2020. Mean difference (MD) meta-analysis with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and sensitivity tests via meta-regression were used. We followed Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) to appraise the strength and quality of the evidence. Sixteen articles were included, fourteen case-control and two intervention studies, all reporting 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. Compared with the healthy controls, the circulating 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in chronic periodontitis patients (pooled MD = -6.80, 95% CI: -10.59 to -3.02). Subgroup analysis revealed differences among 25(OH)D measurements, with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry being the most homogeneous method (pooled MD = -2.05, 95% CI: -3.40 to -0.71). Salivary levels of 25(OH)D showed no differences between groups. Due to the low number of studies, conclusions on aggressive periodontitis and in the effect of vitamin D supplementation after NSPT were not possible to ascribe. Compared with healthy controls, 25(OH)D serum levels are significantly lower in chronic periodontitis patients, with an overall SORT A recommendation. Future studies are needed to clarify the effect of vitamin D supplementation and the biological mechanisms linking vitamin D to the periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Machado
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (S.L.); (J.B.)
- Periodontology Department, CiiEM, IUEM, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - Sofia Lobo
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (S.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Luís Proença
- Quantitative Methods for Health Research (MQIS), CiiEM, IUEM, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - José João Mendes
- Periodontology Department, CiiEM, IUEM, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
| | - João Botelho
- Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Almada, Portugal; (S.L.); (J.B.)
- Periodontology Department, CiiEM, IUEM, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal;
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Αntoniadou M, Varzakas T. Breaking the vicious circle of diet, malnutrition and oral health for the independent elderly. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3233-3255. [PMID: 32686465 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging impairs senses, mastication, oral status and function, causing nutritional needs and diet insufficiencies. The present needs of independent older adults suggest that health research and oral health care should shift from reductionist disease management to integral and personal treatment plans, including lifestyle, psychological, nutritional and oral health coaching approaches. Dentists and other medical professionals that work in the field of gerodontology should be educated on the macro and micronutrient needs of the elderly and incorporate certain nutritional plans early in the life of their patients with their approval and cooperation, in order to postpone tooth loss and masticatory impairment. Old recipes such as the Mediterranean diet should be kept as a base for all the elderly and be enriched in a customized interpersonal way from the dentist as well as the medical professional according to the specific needs of one's oral and general health status. In this nonsystematic review paper, the basic aspects of the vicious cycle of nutrition and oral health status are discussed and suggestions of major nutrients' influence and needs for independent elders are reported. Based on the scientific data collected, suggestions are made for the food industry for better quality and dosage of foods for this category of individuals. Such strategies can be a whole new area of interest for the food industry in order to obtain better quality of food packaging for the independent OA with accepted texture, odor, colors, macronutrients and micronutrients' consistency and in specific portions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Αntoniadou
- Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Dept. Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
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30
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Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071403. [PMID: 32707641 PMCID: PMC7408012 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of some diseases—as well as the inherent toxicity of certain drugs—has led to an increasing interest in the development and optimization of drug-delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles stand out as a key tool to improve drug bioavailability or specific delivery at the site of action. The versatility of polymers makes them potentially ideal for fulfilling the requirements of each particular drug-delivery system. In this review, a summary of the state-of-the-art panorama of polymeric nanoparticles as drug-delivery systems has been conducted, focusing mainly on those applications in which the corresponding disease involves an important morbidity, a considerable reduction in the life quality of patients—or even a high mortality. A revision of the use of polymeric nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery, for cancer diagnosis and treatment, as well as nutraceutical delivery, was carried out, and a short discussion about future prospects of these systems is included.
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31
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Uwitonze AM, Rahman S, Ojeh N, Grant WB, Kaur H, Haq A, Razzaque MS. Oral manifestations of magnesium and vitamin D inadequacy. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 200:105636. [PMID: 32084549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adequate nutrition is essential for maintaining good oral health. Minerals such as magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus found in the diet constitute the main structural components of the tooth. Their inadequacy leads to absorption impairment, increased bleeding tendency, bone resorption, looseness, and premature tooth loss. Inadequacy of those essential minerals is associated with delayed tooth eruption and with enamel or dentin hypoplasia. Taking calcium without magnesium results in soft dental enamel, which cannot resist the acids causing tooth decay. In addition to magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus, adequate vitamin D is needed to maintain optimal oral health. Vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects and helps in calcium absorption and bone remodeling. Moreover, adequate vitamin D status could reduce formation of dental caries by delaying its onset and progression. Here we summarize the oral manifestations of vitamin D and magnesium inadequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Uwitonze
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Rwanda College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Sayeeda Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology & Public Health, School of Medicine, American University of Integrative Sciences, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Nkemcho Ojeh
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, & Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Afrozul Haq
- Department of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed S Razzaque
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Rwanda College of Medicine & Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, Kigali, Rwanda; College of Advancing & Professional Studies (CAPS), University of Massachusetts Boston (UMB), Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, USA.
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32
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Solidago virgaurea L. Plant Extract Targeted Against Candida albicans to Reduce Oral Microbial Biomass: a Double Blind Randomized Trial on Healthy Adults. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040137. [PMID: 32218125 PMCID: PMC7235725 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral microbiome plays an important part on oral health and endogenous bacteria and fungi should not be eradicated. However, their proliferation must be controlled by oral hygiene care. In vitro, Solidago virgaurea ssp. virgaurea L. (SV) plant extract inhibits the adherence and hyphal formation of a fungus, Candida albicans. It reduces the biomass of Candida-bacterial biofilms but not fungal or bacterial growth. Unlike chemical antiseptics, like triclosan and chlorhexidine for instance, SV is a plant extract easily biodegradable. The purpose of this study was to assess the in vivo effectiveness of SV extract in reducing oral biomass. A randomized, double-blind clinical study, with dental plaque evaluation designed to assess the effectiveness of a fluorinated toothpaste containing SV (Bucovia™, Givaudan, Vernier, Switzerland) was conducted. Sixty-six subjects (SV group n = 33 vs. control n = 33) brushed their teeth twice a day for a 4-week period. Supragingival dental plaque was sampled. Total bacterial load (broad spectral bacterial quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)), C. albicans and seven bacterial species were quantified by qPCR. In the Intervention group, there was a decrease of Total bacterial load (ΔD0D28 p = 0.005 and ΔD14D28 p = 0.026), Streptococcus mutans (ΔD0D14 p = 0.024) and C. albicans (ΔD0D28 p = 0.022). In the Control group Total bacterial load tended to decrease from baseline to day 28 (ΔD0D28 p = 0.062 and ΔD14D28 p = 0.009). Plaque Index and Gingival Index improved in both groups.
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Bogdan M, Meca AD, Boldeanu MV, Gheorghe DN, Turcu-Stiolica A, Subtirelu MS, Boldeanu L, Blaj M, Botnariu GE, Vlad CE, Foia LG, Surlin P. Possible Involvement of Vitamin C in Periodontal Disease-Diabetes Mellitus Association. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020553. [PMID: 32093297 PMCID: PMC7071463 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an important water-soluble vitamin found in many fruits and vegetables. It has well-documented beneficial effects on the human body and is used as a supplement, alone or in combination with other vitamins and minerals. Over recent years, research has focused on possible new therapeutic actions in chronic conditions including periodontal disease (PD). We conducted a systematic review on clinical trials from four databases (PubMed, Clinical Trials, Cochrane, Web of Science) which measured plasmatic/salivary levels of ascorbic acid in PD–diabetes mellitus (DM) association. Six studies were included in our review, three of them analyzing patients with different grades of PD and DM who received vitamin C as a treatment (500 mg vitamin C/day for 2 months and 450 mg/day for 2 weeks) or as part of their alimentation (guava fruits), in combination with standard therapies and procedures. Decreased levels of vitamin C were observed in PD patients with DM but data about efficacy of vitamin C administration are inconclusive. Given the important bidirectional relationship between PD and DM, there is a strong need for more research to assess the positive effects of ascorbic acid supplementation in individuals suffering from both diseases and also its proper regimen for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bogdan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (M.B.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Andreea Daniela Meca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (M.B.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Mihail Virgil Boldeanu
- Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Dorin Nicolae Gheorghe
- Department of Periodontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.N.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Adina Turcu-Stiolica
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.T.-S.); (M.-S.S.)
| | - Mihaela-Simona Subtirelu
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.T.-S.); (M.-S.S.)
| | - Lidia Boldeanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Blaj
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.V.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Gina Eosefina Botnariu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.E.B.); (C.E.V.)
| | - Cristiana Elena Vlad
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.E.B.); (C.E.V.)
| | - Liliana Georgeta Foia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Petra Surlin
- Department of Periodontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (D.N.G.); (P.S.)
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Cagetti MG, Wolf TG, Tennert C, Camoni N, Lingström P, Campus G. The Role of Vitamins in Oral Health. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030938. [PMID: 32028631 PMCID: PMC7037089 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The association between vitamins and oral health have recently been discussed, yielding increased attention from medical and dental perspectives. The present review aimed to systematically evaluate and appraise the most recently scientific papers investigating the role of vitamins in the prevention and treatment of the main oral diseases as hard dental pathological processes and gum/periodontal disease. Randomized controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, comparative studies, validation studies and evaluation studies, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, reporting associations between vitamins and oral diseases or the use of vitamins to prevent or treat oral diseases in patients of any age were included. PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched to November 2019 using an ad hoc prepared search string. All the papers meeting the inclusion criteria were subjected to a quality assessment. The search identified 1597 papers; 741 were selected after removing duplicates. A total of 334 articles were excluded after title and abstract evaluation; 407 were assessed and 73 papers were full-text assessed; other 14 papers were discharged after full text evaluation, leaving finally 58 papers included. In general, there is weak evidence supporting the association between vitamins and both gingival/periodontal disease and hard dental pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Cagetti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, IT-20142 Milan, Italy; (M.G.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.T.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)31-664098
| | - Christian Tennert
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Nicole Camoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Science, University of Milan, IT-20142 Milan, Italy; (M.G.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Peter Lingström
- Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (C.T.); (G.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, IT-07100 Sassari, Italy
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Jauhiainen LM, Ylöstalo PV, Knuuttila M, Männistö S, Kanerva N, Suominen AL. Poor diet predicts periodontal disease development in 11‐year follow‐up study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2019; 48:143-151. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Maria Jauhiainen
- Institute of Dentistry University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
- City of Kuopio Health Centre Oral Health Care Services Kuopio Finland
| | - Pekka Viljo Ylöstalo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland
- Unit of Oral Health Sciences Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu) Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Matti Knuuttila
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Promotion Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Noora Kanerva
- Department of Public Health Promotion Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
- Department of Public Health and Department of Food and Nutrition University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Institute of Dentistry University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection Unit Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
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Abstract
The US Surgeon General's report Oral Health in America highlighted ways in which oral health and systemic conditions are associated with each other. An oral examination can reveal signs and symptoms associated with systemic diseases. In this article, multiple systemic diseases including but not limited to viral and immune modulated conditions and associated oral symptoms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Bhalla
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Yoav Nudell
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Jaykrishna Thakkar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Harry Dym
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, 121 Dekalb Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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The Relationship between Vitamin C and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142472. [PMID: 31336735 PMCID: PMC6678404 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C is important for preventing and slowing the progression of many diseases. There is significant evidence linking periodontal disease and vitamin C. We aimed to systematically review the studies addressing the relationship between vitamin C and periodontal disease, and the preventive ability of vitamin C against periodontal disease. Electric searches were performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Studies addressing the relationships between periodontal disease and vitamin C in adults aged over 18 years were included. Quality assessment was done using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program guideline and GRADE-CERQual. There were 716 articles that were retrieved and 14 articles (seven cross-sectional studies, two case-control studies, two cohort studies, and three randomized controlled trials (RCT)) were selected after reviewing all of the articles. The vitamin C intake and blood levels were negatively related to periodontal disease in all seven cross-sectional studies. The subjects who suffer from periodontitis presented a lower vitamin C intake and lower blood-vitamin C levels than the subjects without periodontal disease in the two case-control studies. The patients with a lower dietary intake or lower blood level of vitamin C showed a greater progression of periodontal disease than the controls. The intervention using vitamin C administration improved gingival bleeding in gingivitis, but not in periodontitis. Alveolar bone absorption was also not improved. The present systematic review suggested that vitamin C contributes to a reduced risk of periodontal disease.
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Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Castelo-Baz P, Pérez-Sayáns M, Lim J, Leira Y. Autophagy in periodontal disease: Evidence from a literature review. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 102:55-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sulijaya B, Takahashi N, Yamazaki K, Yamazaki K. Nutrition as Adjunct Therapy in Periodontal Disease Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-019-0216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Rao A, Raghavendra U, Kashyap S, D'Souza J, Kumar V, Kalal B, D'Souza N. Vitamin C supplementation as an adjunct to nonsurgical therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A clinical and biochemical study. J Int Oral Health 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_158_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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