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Portacci A, Iorillo I, Maselli L, Amendolara M, Quaranta VN, Dragonieri S, Carpagnano GE. The Role of Galectins in Asthma Pathophysiology: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4271-4285. [PMID: 38785528 PMCID: PMC11119966 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a group of β-galactoside-binding proteins with several roles in immune response, cellular adhesion, and inflammation development. Current evidence suggest that these proteins could play a crucial role in many respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and respiratory infections. From this standpoint, an increasing body of evidence have recognized galectins as potential biomarkers involved in several aspects of asthma pathophysiology. Among them, galectin-3 (Gal-3), galectin-9 (Gal-9), and galectin-10 (Gal-10) are the most extensively studied in human and animal asthma models. These galectins can affect T helper 2 (Th2) and non-Th2 inflammation, mucus production, airway responsiveness, and bronchial remodeling. Nevertheless, while higher Gal-3 and Gal-9 concentrations are associated with a stronger degree of Th-2 phlogosis, Gal-10, which forms Charcot-Leyden Crystals (CLCs), correlates with sputum eosinophilic count, interleukin-5 (IL-5) production, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) secretion. Finally, several galectins have shown potential in clinical response monitoring after inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and biologic therapies, confirming their potential role as reliable biomarkers in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Portacci
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Ilaria Iorillo
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Leonardo Maselli
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Monica Amendolara
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | | | - Silvano Dragonieri
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
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Pei X, Zhu J, Wang Y, Zhang F, He Y, Li Y, Si Y. Placental galectins: a subfamily of galectins lose the ability to bind β-galactosides with new structural features†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:799-811. [PMID: 37672213 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a phylogenetically conserved family of soluble β-galactoside binding proteins. There are 16 different of galectins, each with a specific function determined by its distinct distribution and spatial structure. Galectin-13, galectin-14, and galectin-16 are distinct from other galectin members in that they are primarily found in placental tissue. These galectins, also referred to as placental galectins, play critical roles in regulating pregnancy-associated processes, such as placenta formation and maternal immune tolerance to the embedded embryo. The unique structural characteristics and the inability to bind lactose of placental galectins have recently received significant attention. This review primarily examines the novel structural features of placental galectins, which distinguish them from the classic galectins. Furthermore, it explores the correlation between these structural features and the loss of β-galactoside binding ability. In addition, the newly discovered functions of placental galectins in recent years are also summarized in our review. A detailed understanding of the roles of placental galectins may contribute to the discovery of new mechanisms causing numerous pregnancy diseases and enable the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases, ultimately benefiting the health of mothers and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Pei
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Xuzhou Tongshan Maocun High School, Xuzhou 221135, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Fali Zhang
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Yufeng He
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou 221009, China
| | - Yunlong Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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Buschmann C, Unverdorben L, Knabl J, Hutter S, Meister S, Beyer S, Burgmann M, Keilmann L, Zati zehni A, Schmoeckel E, Kessler M, Jeschke U, Mahner S, Kolben T, Ganster F, Burges A. Galectin-10 Expression in Placentas of Women with Gestational Diabetes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8840-8851. [PMID: 37998731 PMCID: PMC10670440 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are known to play an important role in immunoregulatory processes and autoimmune diseases. Galectin-10 is a cytoplasmic protein of human eosinophils and is involved in various eosinophilic diseases. Since increased galectin expression is already detected in the placentas of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), this study focuses on the specific role of galectin-10 and hints at consequences for the diagnosis and therapeutic options of GDM. It is hypothesized that the difference in galectin-10 expression will raise the pathophysiological understanding of gestational diabetes. The study population consists of 80 women: 40 healthy mothers and 40 women suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus. The expression of galectin-10 was analyzed in the syncytiotrophoblast (SCT) and the decidua of the placenta via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence double staining. The immunoreactivity score (IRS) was used for evaluation. The results in this study were significant for an overexpression of galectin-10 in GDM placentas compared with the control group. The syncytiotrophoblast showed overexpression in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, whereas expression of galectin-10 in the decidua was significant in the cytoplasm only. This study identified the expression changes in galectin-10 in placental tissue between healthy and GDM mothers and intensified the understanding of gestational diabetes. Assuming that gestational diabetes mellitus is involved in inflammatory processes, galectin-10 might play a role in the development and maintenance of GDM. Further investigation is required to strengthen these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Buschmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Unverdorben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Knabl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Hutter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Meister
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Beyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximiliane Burgmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lucia Keilmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alaleh Zati zehni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Schmoeckel
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Mirjana Kessler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Ganster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Burges
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Badal S, Taheri M, Jiang P, Oh K. Rare presence of Charcot-Leyden crystals in acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2023; 111:662-665. [PMID: 37417390 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Badal
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Mahnoosh Taheri
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Peter Jiang
- The Everett Clinic, Providence Regional Cancer Partnership Everett, Everett, Washington, USA
| | - Kirstine Oh
- CellNetix Pathology & Laboratories, Providence Regional Medical Center, Everett, Washington, USA
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Lee J, Chang DS, Kim J, Hwang YS. Alpha-Defensin 1: An Emerging Periodontitis Biomarker. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2143. [PMID: 37443537 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Research on the development of reliable diagnostic targets is being conducted to overcome the high prevalence and difficulty in managing periodontitis. However, despite the development of various periodontitis target markers, their practical application has been limited due to poor diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we present an improved periodontitis diagnostic target and explore its role in periodontitis. Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from healthy individuals and periodontitis patients, and proteomic analysis was performed. The target marker levels for periodontitis were quantified in GCF samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were used for the osteoclast formation assay. Results: LC-MS/MS analysis of whole GCF showed that the level of alpha-defensin 1 (DEFA-1) was higher in periodontitis GCF than in healthy GCF. The comparison of periodontitis target proteins galactin-10, ODAM, and azurocidin proposed in other studies found that the difference in DEFA-1 levels was the largest between healthy and periodontitis GCF, and periodontitis was more effectively distinguished. The differentiation of RANKL-induced BMMs into osteoclasts was significantly reduced by recombinant DEFA-1 (rDEFA-1). Conclusions: These results suggest the regulatory role of DEFA-1 in the periodontitis process and the relevance of DEFA-1 as a diagnostic target for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisuk Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sik Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University, Daejeon 35233, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsu Kim
- Seoul Hana Dental Clinic, Seongnam 13636, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Republic of Korea
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Gelardi M, Giancaspro R, Cassano M. Charcot-Leyden crystals: An ancient but never so current discovery. Am J Otolaryngol 2023; 44:103844. [PMID: 36948077 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
From the first description of Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) to the present, many steps have been taken to understand the mechanisms underlying their formation. In particular, to date not only eosinophils but also mast cells are known to be responsible for the production of CLCs, which represent the crystallized form of Galectin-10. Due to their characteristics, CLCs typically induce a crystallopathy and are responsible for an exacerbation of inflammation. Nasal cytology (NC) has allowed to better understand the correlation between the severity of several rhinopaties and the presence of CLCs in NC samples, which is strictly correlated with an eosinophiles and mast cells infiltration. As a matter of fact, rhinopaties with a mixed eosinophilic-mast cell inflammatory infiltrate, characterized by the presence of abundant CLCs, show a worse prognosis and a higher risk of relapse. This could have important therapeutic implications, since the treatments available today could be exploited to target both eosinophils and mast cells, to reduce the damage induced by CLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gelardi
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - R Giancaspro
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - M Cassano
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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Na H, Sayed H, Ayala GJ, Wang X, Liu Y, Yu J, Liu T, Mayo KH, Su J. Glutathione disrupts galectin-10 Charcot-Leyden crystal formation to possibly ameliorate eosinophil-based diseases such as asthma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:613-622. [PMID: 36988350 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) are the hallmark of many eosinophilic-based diseases, such as asthma. Here, we report that reduced glutathione (GSH) disrupts CLCs and inhibits crystallization of human galectin-10 (Gal-10). GSH has no effect on CLCs from monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis or M. mulatta), even though monkey Gal-10s contain Cys29 and Cys32. Interestingly, human Gal-10 contains another cysteine residue (Cys57). Because GSH cannot disrupt CLCs formed by the human Gal-10 variant C57A or inhibit its crystallization, the effects of GSH on human Gal-10 or CLCs most likely occur by chemical modification of Cys57. We further report the crystal structures of Gal-10 from M. fascicularis and M. mulatta, along with their ability to bind to lactose and inhibit erythrocyte agglutination. Structural comparison with human Gal-10 shows that Cys57 and Gln75 within the ligand binding site are responsible for the loss of lactose binding. Pull-down experiments and mass spectrometry show that human Gal-10 interacts with tubulin α-1B, with GSH, GTP and Mg 2+ stabilizing this interaction and colchicine inhibiting it. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of Gal-10 function and CLC formation and suggests that GSH may be used as a pharmaceutical agent to ameliorate CLC-induced diseases.
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Lactose and Galactose Promote the Crystallization of Human Galectin-10. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041979. [PMID: 36838965 PMCID: PMC9966682 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-10 (Gal-10) forms Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs), which play a key role in the symptoms of asthma and allergies and some other diseases. Gal-10 has a carbohydrate-binding site; however, neither the Gal-10 dimer nor the CLCs can bind sugars. To investigate the monomer-dimer equilibrium of Gal-10, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was employed to separate serial dilutions of Gal-10 with and without carbohydrates. We found that both the dimerization and crystallization of Gal-10 were promoted by lactose/galactose binding. A peak position shift for the monomer was observed after treatment with either lactose or galactose, implying that the polarity of the monomer was reduced by lactose/galactose binding. Further experiments indicated that alkaline conditions of pH 8.8 mimicked the lactose/galactose-binding environment, and the time interval between monomers and dimers in the chromatogram decreased from 0.8 min to 0.4 min. Subsequently, the electrostatic potential of the Gal-10 monomers was computed. After lactose/galactose binding, the top side of the monomer shifted from negatively charged to electrically neutral, allowing it to interact with the carbohydrate-binding site of the opposing subunit during dimerization. Since lactose/galactose promotes the crystallization of Gal-10, our findings implied that dairy-free diets (free of lactose/galactose) might be beneficial to patients with CLC-related diseases.
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Recto KA, Huan T, Lee DH, Lee GY, Gereige J, Yao C, Hwang SJ, Joehanes R, Kelly RS, Lasky-Su J, O’Connor G, Levy D. Transcriptome-wide association study of circulating IgE levels identifies novel targets for asthma and allergic diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1080071. [PMID: 36793728 PMCID: PMC9922991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1080071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of circulating immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration is helpful for diagnosing and treating asthma and allergic diseases. Identifying gene expression signatures associated with IgE might elucidate novel pathways for IgE regulation. To this end, we performed a discovery transcriptome-wide association study to identify differentially expressed genes associated with circulating IgE levels in whole-blood derived RNA from 5,345 participants in the Framingham Heart Study across 17,873 mRNA gene-level transcripts. We identified 216 significant transcripts at a false discovery rate <0.05. We conducted replication using the meta-analysis of two independent external studies: the Childhood Asthma Management Program (n=610) and the Genetic Epidemiology of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (n=326); we then reversed the discovery and replication cohorts, which revealed 59 significant genes that replicated in both directions. Gene ontology analysis revealed that many of these genes were implicated in immune function pathways, including defense response, inflammatory response, and cytokine production. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis revealed four genes (CLC, CCDC21, S100A13, and GCNT1) as putatively causal (p<0.05) regulators of IgE levels. GCNT1 (beta=1.5, p=0.01)-which is a top result in the MR analysis of expression in relation to asthma and allergic diseases-plays a role in regulating T helper type 1 cell homing, lymphocyte trafficking, and B cell differentiation. Our findings build upon prior knowledge of IgE regulation and provide a deeper understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms. The IgE-associated genes that we identified-particularly those implicated in MR analysis-can be explored as promising therapeutic targets for asthma and IgE-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Recto
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Dong Heon Lee
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Gha Young Lee
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Jessica Gereige
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chen Yao
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Roby Joehanes
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
| | - Rachel S. Kelly
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - George O’Connor
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Levy
- The Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
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Cárdenas-León CG, Mäemets-Allas K, Klaas M, Lagus H, Kankuri E, Jaks V. Matricellular proteins in cutaneous wound healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1073320. [PMID: 36506087 PMCID: PMC9730256 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1073320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process that encompasses alterations in all aspects of the skin including the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM consist of large structural proteins such as collagens and elastin as well as smaller proteins with mainly regulative properties called matricellular proteins. Matricellular proteins bind to structural proteins and their functions include but are not limited to interaction with cell surface receptors, cytokines, or protease and evoking a cellular response. The signaling initiated by matricellular proteins modulates differentiation and proliferation of cells having an impact on the tissue regeneration. In this review we give an overview of the matricellular proteins that have been found to be involved in cutaneous wound healing and summarize the information known to date about their functions in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Mäemets-Allas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mariliis Klaas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heli Lagus
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Wound Healing Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia,*Correspondence: Viljar Jaks,
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11
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Cha H, Lim HS, Park JA, Jo A, Ryu HT, Kim DW, Kim JK, Hong SN, Shin HW, Kim DW. Effects of Neutrophil and Eosinophil Extracellular Trap Formation on Refractoriness in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 15:94-108. [PMID: 36693361 PMCID: PMC9880302 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.1.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the clinical implications of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation (NETosis) and eosinophil extracellular trap (EET) formation (EETosis) regarding refractoriness in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). METHODS Nasal polyp specimens were obtained from 117 patients with CRSwNP who received endoscopic sinus surgery. Disease control status at postoperative 1 year was assessed. Refractory cases were defined as partly controlled or uncontrolled cases according to the EPOS 2020 guidelines. NETosis and EETosis were evaluated through immunofluorescence staining (citrullinated histone H3-human neutrophil elastase and citrullinated histone-galectin-10, respectively) followed by manual counting. The z-score of NET and EET counts was used to define the following four groups: low extracellular trap formation (ETosis), NETosis-predominant, EETosis-predominant, and high-ETosis. RESULTS The refractory and non-refractory groups showed significant differences in the tissue eosinophil count (P = 0.005) and EET count (P = 0.029). The tissue neutrophil count and the NET/neutrophil ratio were significantly different between the refractory and non-refractory groups of patients with neutrophilic CRS (P = 0.045, 0.031, respectively). Refractoriness significantly differed among the low-ETosis (30.77%), NETosis-predominant (47.83%), EETosis-predominant (56.67%), and high-ETosis (83.33%) groups (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that tissue Eosinophilia and EETosis may play a prognostic role, primarily in CRSwNP and thattissue neutrophilia and NETosis can play as prognostic biomarkers in neutrophilic CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyung Cha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Suk Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-A Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ara Jo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Ryu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Won Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyou Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-No Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.,Obstructive Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Saito K, Sato T, Notohara K, Nannya Y, Ogawa S, Ueda Y. Complete Bone Marrow Necrosis with Charcot-Leyden Crystals Caused by Myeloid Neoplasm with Mutated NPM1 and TET2. Intern Med 2022; 61:3265-3269. [PMID: 35185048 PMCID: PMC9683816 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8859-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow necrosis (BMN) has various underlying diseases. In hematological malignancies, both lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms have been shown to cause BMN. Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) are bipyramidal crystals that have been found in patients with immune system diseases, tumors, skin diseases, asthma, infections, and intestinal diseases. Because the combination of CLCs and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rare, the relationship between BMN, CLCs, and AML remains largely unexplored. We herein report a suspected case of AML that was difficult to diagnose morphologically because of complete BMN with CLCs but achieved complete hematologic remission with treatment similar to that for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenki Saito
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sato
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Kenji Notohara
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Japan
- Division of Hematopoietic Disease Control, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ueda
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan
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13
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van der Pan K, Kassem S, Khatri I, de Ru AH, Janssen GMC, Tjokrodirijo RTN, al Makindji F, Stavrakaki E, de Jager AL, Naber BAE, de Laat IF, Louis A, van den Bossche WBL, Vogelezang LB, Balvers RK, Lamfers MLM, van Veelen PA, Orfao A, van Dongen JJM, Teodosio C, Díez P. Quantitative proteomics of small numbers of closely-related cells: Selection of the optimal method for a clinical setting. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:997305. [PMID: 36237552 PMCID: PMC9553008 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.997305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics profiling has undoubtedly increased the knowledge about cellular processes and functions. However, its applicability for paucicellular sample analyses is currently limited. Although new approaches have been developed for single-cell studies, most of them have not (yet) been standardized and/or require highly specific (often home-built) devices, thereby limiting their broad implementation, particularly in non-specialized settings. To select an optimal MS-oriented proteomics approach applicable in translational research and clinical settings, we assessed 10 different sample preparation procedures in paucicellular samples of closely-related cell types. Particularly, five cell lysis protocols using different chemistries and mechanical forces were combined with two sample clean-up techniques (C18 filter- and SP3-based), followed by tandem mass tag (TMT)-based protein quantification. The evaluation was structured in three phases: first, cell lines from hematopoietic (THP-1) and non-hematopoietic (HT-29) origins were used to test the approaches showing the combination of a urea-based lysis buffer with the SP3 bead-based clean-up system as the best performer. Parameters such as reproducibility, accessibility, spatial distribution, ease of use, processing time and cost were considered. In the second phase, the performance of the method was tested on maturation-related cell populations: three different monocyte subsets from peripheral blood and, for the first time, macrophages/microglia (MAC) from glioblastoma samples, together with T cells from both tissues. The analysis of 50,000 cells down to only 2,500 cells revealed different protein expression profiles associated with the distinct cell populations. Accordingly, a closer relationship was observed between non-classical monocytes and MAC, with the latter showing the co-expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers, although pro-tumoral and anti-inflammatory proteins were more represented. In the third phase, the results were validated by high-end spectral flow cytometry on paired monocyte/MAC samples to further determine the sensitivity of the MS approach selected. Finally, the feasibility of the method was proven in 194 additional samples corresponding to 38 different cell types, including cells from different tissue origins, cellular lineages, maturation stages and stimuli. In summary, we selected a reproducible, easy-to-implement sample preparation method for MS-based proteomic characterization of paucicellular samples, also applicable in the setting of functionally closely-related cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra van der Pan
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sara Kassem
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Indu Khatri
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, LUMC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arnoud H. de Ru
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, LUMC, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Fadi al Makindji
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Anniek L. de Jager
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Brigitta A. E. Naber
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Inge F. de Laat
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alesha Louis
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Orfao
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jacques J. M. van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jacques J. M. van Dongen
| | - Cristina Teodosio
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
- Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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14
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Tomizawa H, Yamada Y, Arima M, Miyabe Y, Fukuchi M, Hikichi H, Melo RCN, Yamada T, Ueki S. Galectin-10 as a Potential Biomarker for Eosinophilic Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101385. [PMID: 36291593 PMCID: PMC9599181 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-10 is a member of the lectin family and one of the most abundant cytoplasmic proteins in human eosinophils. Except for some myeloid leukemia cells, basophils, and minor T cell populations, galectin-10 is exclusively present in eosinophils in the human body. Galectin-10 forms Charcot–Leyden crystals, which are observed in various eosinophilic diseases. Accumulating studies have indicated that galectin-10 acts as a new biomarker for disease activity, diagnosis, and treatment effectiveness in asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. The extracellular release of galectin-10 is not mediated through conventional secretory processes (piecemeal degranulation or exocytosis), but rather by extracellular trap cell death (ETosis), which is an active cell death program. Eosinophils undergoing ETosis rapidly disintegrate their plasma membranes to release the majority of galectin-10. Therefore, elevated galectin-10 levels in serum and tissue suggest a high degree of eosinophil ETosis. To date, several studies have shown that galectin-10/Charcot–Leyden crystals are more than just markers for eosinophilic inflammation, but play functional roles in immunity. In this review, we focus on the close relationship between eosinophils and galectin-10, highlighting this protein as a potential new biomarker in eosinophilic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tomizawa
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Misaki Arima
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yui Miyabe
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Mineyo Fukuchi
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Haruka Hikichi
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Rossana C. N. Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Takechiyo Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-18-884-6209
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15
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Zhou B, Yu J, Cai X, Wu S. Constructing a molecular subtype model of colon cancer using machine learning. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1008207. [PMID: 36188575 PMCID: PMC9523145 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1008207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colon cancer (CRC) is one of the malignant tumors with a high incidence in the world. Many previous studies on CRC have focused on clinical research. With the in-depth study of CRC, the role of molecular mechanisms in CRC has become increasingly important. Currently, machine learning is widely used in medicine. By combining machine learning with molecular mechanisms, we can better understand CRC’s pathogenesis and develop new treatments for it. Methods and materials: We used the R language to construct molecular subtypes of colon cancer and subsequently explored prognostic genes with GEPIA2. Enrichment analysis is used by WebGestalt to obtain differential genes. Protein–protein interaction networks of differential genes were constructed using the STRING database and the Cytoscape tool. TIMER2.0 and TISIDB databases were used to investigate the correlation of these genes with immune-infiltrating cells and immune targets. The cBioportal database was used to explore genomic alterations. Results: In our study, the molecular prognostic model of CRC was constructed to study the prognostic factors of CRC, and finally, it was found that Charcot–Leyden crystal galectin (CLC), zymogen granule protein 16 (ZG16), leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 26 (LRRC26), intelectin 1 (ITLN1), UDP-GlcNAc: betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 6 (B3GNT6), chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1), growth factor independent 1 transcriptional repressor (GFI1), aquaporin 8 (AQP8), HEPACAM family member 2 (HEPACAM2), and UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B15 (UGT2B15) were correlated with the subtype model of CRC prognosis. Enrichment analysis shows that differential genes were mainly associated with immune-inflammatory pathways. GFI1 and CLC were associated with immune cells, immunoinhibitors, and immunostimulator. Genomic analysis shows that there were no significant changes in differential genes. Conclusion: By constructing molecular subtypes of colon cancer, we discovered new colon cancer prognostic markers, which can provide direction for new treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiazi Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xingchen Cai
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Shugeng Wu,
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16
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Kang Q, Li L, Pang Y, Zhu W, Meng L. An update on Ym1 and its immunoregulatory role in diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:891220. [PMID: 35967383 PMCID: PMC9366555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ym1 is a rodent-specific chitinase-like protein (CLP) lacking catalytic activity, whose cellular origins are mainly macrophages, neutrophils and other cells. Although the detailed function of Ym1 remains poorly understood, Ym1 has been generally recognized as a fundamental feature of alternative activation of macrophages in mice and hence one of the prevalent detecting targets in macrophage phenotype distinguishment. Studies have pointed out that Ym1 may have regulatory effects, which are multifaceted and even contradictory, far more than just a mere marker. Allergic lung inflammation, parasite infection, autoimmune diseases, and central nervous system diseases have been found associations with Ym1 to varying degrees. Thus, insights into Ym1’s role in diseases would help us understand the pathogenesis of different diseases and clarify the genuine roles of CLPs in mammals. This review summarizes the information on Ym1 from the gene to its expression and regulation and focuses on the association between Ym1 and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Kang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Luyao Li
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Yucheng Pang
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
| | - Liesu Meng
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, China
- National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhua Zhu, ; Liesu Meng,
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17
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Planinić A, Marić T, Bojanac AK, Ježek D. Reinke crystals: Hallmarks of adult Leydig cells in humans. Andrology 2022; 10:1107-1120. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Planinić
- Department of Histology and Embryology University of Zagreb School of Medicine
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine University of Zagreb School of Medicine
| | - Tihana Marić
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine University of Zagreb School of Medicine
- Department of Medical Biology University of Zagreb School of Medicine
| | - Ana Katušić Bojanac
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine University of Zagreb School of Medicine
- Department of Medical Biology University of Zagreb School of Medicine
| | - Davor Ježek
- Department of Histology and Embryology University of Zagreb School of Medicine
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine University of Zagreb School of Medicine
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18
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Yu D, Bu M, Yu P, Li Y, Chong Y. Regulation of wound healing and fibrosis by galectins. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:861-874. [PMID: 35589840 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are a family of proteins with at least one carbohydrate-recognition domain. Galectins are present in various tissues and organs and participate in different physiological and pathological molecular reactions in vivo. Wound healing is the basic process of traumatic disease recovery. Wound healing involves three overlapping stages: inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. Furthermore, a comparison of wound healing with the tumour microenvironment revealed that galectin plays a key role in the wound healing process. The current review describes the role of galectin in inflammation, angiogenesis, re-epithelialisation, and fibrous scar formation and evaluates its potential as a therapeutic drug for wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Bu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Chong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Uchida Y, Yokoyama K, Higashi T, Kitaguchi T, Fukuda H, Yamauchi R, Tsuchiya N, Fukunaga A, Umeda K, Takata K, Tanaka T, Takeyama Y, Shakado S, Sakisaka S, Hayashi H, Hamada Y, Nabeshima K, Hirai F. Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Liver Mimicking Metastatic Liver Tumor. Intern Med 2022; 61:1511-1517. [PMID: 34670905 PMCID: PMC9177375 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8438-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a case of coagulation necrosis with granulation and eosinophilic infiltration of the liver. A 37-year-old woman was diagnosed with a new mass lesion in the liver 1 month after breast cancer surgery and admitted for a further examination. Because the tumor occurred immediately after surgery, it was considered essential to determine whether or not it was a metastatic liver tumor from breast cancer. A percutaneous liver tumor biopsy revealed eosinophilic granuloma of the liver, which is considered to have a high possibility of visceral larva migrans with suspected gnathostomiasis infection. A detailed medical history and histological diagnosis are important for making a differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotaro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keiji Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Higashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takanori Kitaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiromi Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoaki Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kaoru Umeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Takata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Takeyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shakado
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shotaro Sakisaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hamada
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hirai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medicine, Fukuoka University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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20
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Miyabe Y, Kobayashi Y, Fukuchi M, Saga A, Moritoki Y, Saga T, Akuthota P, Ueki S. Eosinophil-mediated inflammation in the absence of eosinophilia. Asia Pac Allergy 2021; 11:e30. [PMID: 34386406 PMCID: PMC8331253 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2021.11.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase of eosinophil levels is a hallmark of type-2 inflammation. Blood eosinophil counts act as a convenient biomarker for asthma phenotyping and the selection of biologics, and they are even used as a prognostic factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019. However, the circulating eosinophil count does not always reflect tissue eosinophilia and vice versa. The mismatch of blood and tissue eosinophilia can be seen in various clinical settings. For example, blood eosinophil levels in patients with acute eosinophilic pneumonia are often within normal range despite the marked symptoms and increased number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histological studies using immunostaining for eosinophil granule proteins have revealed the extracellular deposition of granule proteins coincident with pathological conditions, even in the absence of a significant eosinophil infiltrate. The marked deposition of eosinophil granule proteins in tissue is often associated with cytolytic degranulation. Recent studies have indicated that extracellular trap cell death (ETosis) is a major mechanism of cytolysis. Cytolytic ETosis is a total cell degranulation in which cytoplasmic and nuclear contents, including DNA and histones that act as alarmins, are also released. In the present review, eosinophil-mediated inflammation in such mismatch conditions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Miyabe
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kobayashi
- Airway Disease Section, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.,Allergy Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Mineyo Fukuchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Akiko Saga
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuki Moritoki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Tomoo Saga
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Praveen Akuthota
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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21
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Awaji K, Miyagawa T, Fukui Y, Toyama S, Omatsu J, Norimatsu Y, Ikawa T, Watanabe Y, Yoshizaki A, Sato S, Asano Y. A potential contribution of decreased serum galectin-10 levels to systemic inflammation and pulmonary vascular involvement in systemic sclerosis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:959-965. [PMID: 33719171 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Galectin-10 (Gal-10) is a key molecule involved in eosinophil-mediated suppression of T-cell immune response. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by T helper (Th) 2/Th17 immune response and impaired function of regulatory T cells, but the pathological role of Gal-10 has not been studied so far. Therefore, we investigated the clinical correlation of serum Gal-10 levels in SSc patients. METHODS Serum Gal-10 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 38 patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), 30 with limited cutaneous SSc and 20 healthy controls. Clinical correlations of serum Gal-10 levels were examined. RESULTS Serum Gal-10 levels were significantly lower in SSc patients than in healthy controls, especially in dcSSc patients, and inversely correlated with skin score, the percentage of predicted diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide and estimated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). Furthermore, serum Gal-10 levels had negative correlations with leucocyte counts and inflammatory parameters. Multivariate regression analysis identified C-reactive protein and RVSP as explanatory parameters for serum Gal-10 levels. CONCLUSION Decreased serum Gal-10 levels may reflect the impairment of eosinophil-mediated regulatory system for T-cell immune response in SSc, possibly contributing to pulmonary vascular involvement leading to pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Awaji
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyagawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukui
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Toyama
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Omatsu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Norimatsu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikawa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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The basic immunology of asthma. Cell 2021; 184:1469-1485. [PMID: 33711259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In many asthmatics, chronic airway inflammation is driven by IL-4-, IL-5-, and IL-13-producing Th2 cells or ILC2s. Type 2 cytokines promote hallmark features of the disease such as eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), IgE production, and susceptibility to exacerbations. However, only half the asthmatics have this "type 2-high" signature, and "type 2-low" asthma is more associated with obesity, presence of neutrophils, and unresponsiveness to corticosteroids, the mainstay asthma therapy. Here, we review the underlying immunological basis of various asthma endotypes by discussing results obtained from animal studies as well as results generated in clinical studies targeting specific immune pathways.
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23
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Raposo CD, Canelas AB, Barros MT. Human Lectins, Their Carbohydrate Affinities and Where to Find Them. Biomolecules 2021; 11:188. [PMID: 33572889 PMCID: PMC7911577 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectins are a class of proteins responsible for several biological roles such as cell-cell interactions, signaling pathways, and several innate immune responses against pathogens. Since lectins are able to bind to carbohydrates, they can be a viable target for targeted drug delivery systems. In fact, several lectins were approved by Food and Drug Administration for that purpose. Information about specific carbohydrate recognition by lectin receptors was gathered herein, plus the specific organs where those lectins can be found within the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia D. Raposo
- LAQV-Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - André B. Canelas
- Glanbia-AgriChemWhey, Lisheen Mine, Killoran, Moyne, E41 R622 Tipperary, Ireland;
| | - M. Teresa Barros
- LAQV-Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
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24
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Lemonnier N, Melén E, Jiang Y, Joly S, Ménard C, Aguilar D, Acosta‐Perez E, Bergström A, Boutaoui N, Bustamante M, Canino G, Forno E, Ramon González J, Garcia‐Aymerich J, Gruzieva O, Guerra S, Heinrich J, Kull I, Ibarluzea Maurolagoitia J, Santa‐Marina Rodriguez L, Thiering E, Wickman M, Akdis C, Akdis M, Chen W, Keil T, Koppelman GH, Siroux V, Xu C, Hainaut P, Standl M, Sunyer J, Celedón JC, Maria Antó J, Bousquet J. A novel whole blood gene expression signature for asthma, dermatitis, and rhinitis multimorbidity in children and adolescents. Allergy 2020; 75:3248-3260. [PMID: 32277847 DOI: 10.1111/all.14314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases often occur in combination (multimorbidity). Human blood transcriptome studies have not addressed multimorbidity. Large-scale gene expression data were combined to retrieve biomarkers and signaling pathways to disentangle allergic multimorbidity phenotypes. METHODS Integrated transcriptomic analysis was conducted in 1233 participants with a discovery phase using gene expression data (Human Transcriptome Array 2.0) from whole blood of 786 children from three European birth cohorts (MeDALL), and a replication phase using RNA Sequencing data from an independent cohort (EVA-PR, n = 447). Allergic diseases (asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis) were considered as single disease or multimorbidity (at least two diseases), and compared with no disease. RESULTS Fifty genes were differentially expressed in allergic diseases. Thirty-two were not previously described in allergy. Eight genes were consistently overexpressed in all types of multimorbidity for asthma, dermatitis, and rhinitis (CLC, EMR4P, IL5RA, FRRS1, HRH4, SLC29A1, SIGLEC8, IL1RL1). All genes were replicated the in EVA-PR cohort. RT-qPCR validated the overexpression of selected genes. In MeDALL, 27 genes were differentially expressed in rhinitis alone, but none was significant for asthma or dermatitis alone. The multimorbidity signature was enriched in eosinophil-associated immune response and signal transduction. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified IL5/JAK/STAT and IL33/ST2/IRAK/TRAF as key signaling pathways in multimorbid diseases. Synergistic effect of multimorbidity on gene expression levels was found. CONCLUSION A signature of eight genes identifies multimorbidity for asthma, rhinitis, and dermatitis. Our results have clinical and mechanistic implications, and suggest that multimorbidity should be considered differently than allergic diseases occurring alone.
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25
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Lingblom C, Andersson K, Wennerås C. Kinetic studies of galectin-10 release from eosinophils exposed to proliferating T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 203:230-243. [PMID: 33080067 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-10 is involved in the T cell suppressive activity of regulatory T cells and eosinophils alike. We have identified a subpopulation of T cell suppressive eosinophils that express CD16 on the surface and contain more galectin-10 compared with conventional CD16-negative eosinophils. Our main goal was to determine how the intracellular protein galectin-10 is released from eosinophils when exposed to proliferating T cells and if such release could be inhibited. Confocal microscopy and imaging flow cytometry were used to study the release of galectin-10 from eosinophils incubated with polyclonally activated T cells. T cell proliferation was monitored by measurement of the incorporation of [3 H]-thymidine. Initially, galectin-10-containing synapses formed between eosinophils and T cells. Subsequently, the plasma membrane of eosinophils began to disintegrate and cap-like accumulations of galectin-10 budded on the eosinophil cell surface. Lastly, eosinophil extracellular traps composed of nuclear DNA and galectin-10 were freed. It was solely the CD16-expressing suppressive eosinophils that formed synapses and eosinophil extracellular traps containing galectin-10. Dissolution of the extracellular traps by DNase I partly abrogated the T cell suppression exerted by eosinophils. Extracellular trap formation has mainly been associated with anti-bacterial defense, but we show a new putative function of these cellular formations, as mediators of T cell suppression by enabling the release of galectin-10 from eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lingblom
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Andersson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Wennerås
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Galectins in allergic inflammatory diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100925. [PMID: 33203547 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Allergic inflammatory diseases are a global public health concern affecting millions of people. Although there are several potential hypotheses, details regarding their molecular mechanisms are still ambiguous. Recently, a group of β-galactoside-binding proteins, galectins, have been revealed as important factors in altering allergic chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we describe the molecular and cellular basis of how galectins modulate inflammatory reactions. We also provide an overview of clinical features related to galectins. Finally, we discuss the potential issues that might lead to misrepresentation of the exact biological functions of galectins.
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27
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Nonimmunoglobulin Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis (CSH): Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Hematol 2020; 2020:8856411. [PMID: 33133706 PMCID: PMC7593749 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8856411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal-storing histiocytosis (CSH) is an uncommon condition in which histiocytes accumulate a crystalline matter within their cytoplasm. Generally, those crystals are composed of either monoclonal or polyclonal immunoglobulin chains, which have a strong association with an underlying lymphoproliferative or plasma cell disorder (LP-PCD). Rarely, CSH has been reported as local or generalized manifestation of a variety of benign disorders. These cases are associated with crystals composed of nonimmunoglobulin substances. We are reporting an exceptional case of a local colonic CSH with Charcot-Leyden crystals. This patient underwent a screening colonoscopy that detected some polyps. The biopsy reported tubular adenomas, with a markedly dense, transmural inflammatory infiltrates, which were predominantly composed of eosinophils and crystal-storing histiocytes containing Charcot-Leyden crystals. The patient had a negative workup for LP-PCD and autoimmune conditions, including a normal skeletal survey and bone marrow aspirate/biopsy. The only positive laboratory workup was an elevated absolute eosinophil count and a positive IgG anti-Strongyloides antibody. Giving those findings, this parasitic infection is the most likely etiology of the CSH in our patient. Although there was an initial negative evaluation for LP-PCD, close monitoring of patients with either immunoglobulin or nonimmunoglobulin CSH is recommended.
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28
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Yang T, Yao Y, Wang X, Li Y, Si Y, Li X, Ayala GJ, Wang Y, Mayo KH, Tai G, Zhou Y, Su J. Galectin-13/placental protein 13: redox-active disulfides as switches for regulating structure, function and cellular distribution. Glycobiology 2020; 30:120-129. [PMID: 31584064 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-13 (Gal-13) plays numerous roles in regulating the relationship between maternal and fetal tissues. Low expression levels or mutations of the lectin can result in pre-eclampsia. The previous crystal structure and gel filtration data show that Gal-13 dimerizes via formation of two disulfide bonds formed by Cys136 and Cys138. In the present study, we mutated them to serine (C136S, C138S and C136S/C138S), crystalized the variants and solved their crystal structures. All variants crystallized as monomers. In the C136S structure, Cys138 formed a disulfide bond with Cys19, indicating that Cys19 is important for regulation of reversible disulfide bond formation in this lectin. Hemagglutination assays demonstrated that all variants are inactive at inducing erythrocyte agglutination, even though gel filtration profiles indicate that C136S and C138S could still form dimers, suggesting that these dimers do not exhibit the same activity as wild-type (WT) Gal-13. In HeLa cells, the three variants were found to be distributed the same as with WT Gal-13. However, a Gal-13 variant (delT221) truncated at T221 could not be transported into the nucleus, possibly explaining why women having this variant get pre-eclampsia. Considering the normally high concentration of glutathione in cells, WT Gal-13 should exist mostly as a monomer in cytoplasm, consistent with the monomeric variant C136S/C138S, which has a similar ability to interact with HOXA1 as WT Gal-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Media Academy, Jilin Engineering Normal University, 3050 Kaixuan Road, Changchun 130052, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yunlong Si
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xumin Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Gabriela Jaramillo Ayala
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Guihua Tai
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jiyong Su
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Biology of Natural Drugs in Changbai Mountain, The School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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29
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Tang Y, Saul J, Nagaratnam N, Martin-Garcia JM, Fromme P, Qiu J, LaBaer J. Construction of gateway-compatible baculovirus expression vectors for high-throughput protein expression and in vivo microcrystal screening. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13323. [PMID: 32770037 PMCID: PMC7414197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus mediated-insect cell expression systems have been widely used for producing heterogeneous proteins. However, to date, there is still the lack of an easy-to-manipulate system that enables the high-throughput protein characterization in insect cells by taking advantage of large existing Gateway clone libraries. To resolve this limitation, we have constructed a suite of Gateway-compatible pIEx-derived baculovirus expression vectors that allow the rapid and cost-effective construction of expression clones for mass parallel protein expression in insect cells. This vector collection also supports the attachment of a variety of fusion tags to target proteins to meet the needs for different research applications. We first demonstrated the utility of these vectors for protein expression and purification using a set of 40 target proteins of various sizes, cellular localizations and host organisms. We then established a scalable pipeline coupled with the SONICC and TEM techniques to screen for microcrystal formation within living insect cells. Using this pipeline, we successfully identified microcrystals for ~ 16% of the tested protein set, which can be potentially used for structure elucidation by X-ray crystallography. In summary, we have established a versatile pipeline enabling parallel gene cloning, protein expression and purification, and in vivo microcrystal screening for structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Tang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Justin Saul
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Nirupa Nagaratnam
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Jose M Martin-Garcia
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Petra Fromme
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Ji Qiu
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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30
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Si Y, Li Y, Yang T, Li X, Ayala GJ, Mayo KH, Tai G, Su J, Zhou Y. Structure-function studies of galectin-14, an important effector molecule in embryology. FEBS J 2020; 288:1041-1055. [PMID: 32525264 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The expression of prototype galectin-14 (Gal-14) in human placenta is higher than any other galectin, suggesting that it may play a role in fetal development and regulation of immune tolerance during pregnancy. Here, we solved the crystal structure of dimeric Gal-14 and found that its global fold is significantly different from that of other galectins with two β-strands (S5 and S6) extending from one monomer and contributing to the carbohydrate-binding domain of the other. The hemagglutination assay showed that this lectin could induce agglutination of chicken erythrocytes, even though lactose could not inhibit Gal-14-induced agglutination activity. Calorimetry indicates that lactose does not interact with this lectin. Compared to galectin-1, galectin-3, and galectin-8, Gal-14 has two key amino acids (a histidine and an arginine) in the normally conserved, canonical sugar-binding site, which are substituted by glutamine (Gln53) and histidine (His57), thus likely explaining why lactose binding to this lectin is very weak. Lactose was observed in the ligand-binding site of one Gal-14 structure, most likely because ligand binding is weak and crystals were allowed to grow over a long period of time in the presence of lactose. We also found that EGFP-tagged Gal-14 is primarily localized within the nucleus of different cell types. In addition, Gal-14 colocalized with c-Rel (a member of NF-κB family) in HeLa cells. These findings indicate that Gal-14 might regulate signal transduction pathways through NF-κB hubs. Overall, the present study provides impetus for further research into the function of Gal-14 in embryology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Si
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xumin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Gabriela Jaramillo Ayala
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Guihua Tai
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyong Su
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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31
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Weller PF, Wang H, Melo RCN. The Charcot-Leyden crystal protein revisited-A lysopalmitoylphospholipase and more. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:105-112. [PMID: 32272499 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0320-319rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (CLC-P), a constituent of human and not mouse eosinophils, is one of the most abundant proteins within human eosinophils. It has a propensity to form crystalline structures, Charcot-Leyden crystals, which are hallmarks in their distinctive extracellular crystalline forms as markers of eosinophilic inflammation. The functions of CLC-P within eosinophils have been uncertain. Although the action of CLC-P as a lysophospholipase has been questioned, assays of chromatographically purified CLC-P and crystal-derived CLC-P as well as studies of transfected recombinant CLC-P have consistently documented that CLC-P endogenously expresses lysophospholipase activity, releasing free palmitate from substrate lysopalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. Rather than acting solely as a hydrolytic enzyme to release palmitate from a lysolipid substrate, some other lysophospholipases function more dominantly as acyl-protein thioesterases (APTs), enzymes that catalyze the removal of thioester-linked, long chain fatty acids, such as palmitate, from cysteine residues of proteins. As such APTs participate in palmitoylation, a post-translational modification that can affect membrane localization, vesicular transport, and secretion. CLC-P has attributes of an APT. Thus, whereas CLC-P expresses inherent lysophospholipase activity, like some other lysophospholipase enzymes, it likely also functions in regulating the dynamic palmitoylation cycle, including, given its dominant subplasmalemmal location, at the human eosinophil's plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Weller
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rossana C N Melo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, ICB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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32
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Melo RCN, Wang H, Silva TP, Imoto Y, Fujieda S, Fukuchi M, Miyabe Y, Hirokawa M, Ueki S, Weller PF. Galectin-10, the protein that forms Charcot-Leyden crystals, is not stored in granules but resides in the peripheral cytoplasm of human eosinophils. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:139-149. [PMID: 32108369 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0220-311r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A predominant protein of human eosinophils is galectin-10 (Gal-10), also known as Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (CLC-P) because of its remarkable ability to form Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs), which are frequently found in tissues from patients with eosinophilic disorders. CLC-P/Gal-10 is highly expressed in human eosinophils and considered a biomarker of eosinophil involvement in inflammation. However, the intracellular sites where large pools of CLC-P/Gal-10 constitutively reside are still unclear, and whether this protein is derived or not from eosinophil granules remains to be established. Here, we applied pre-embedding immunonanogold transmission electron microscopy combined with strategies for optimal antigen and cell preservation and quantitative imaging analysis to investigate, for the first time, the intracellular localization of CLC-P/Gal-10 at high resolution in resting and activated human eosinophils. We demonstrated that CLC-P/Gal-10 is mostly stored in the peripheral cytoplasm of human eosinophils, being accumulated within an area of ∼250 nm wide underneath the plasma membrane and not within specific (secretory) granules, a pattern also observed by immunofluorescence. High-resolution analysis of single cells revealed that CLC-P/Gal-10 interacts with the plasma membrane with immunoreactive microdomains of high CLC-P/Gal-10 density being found in ∼60% of the membrane area. Eosinophil stimulation with CCL11 or TNF-α, which are known inducers of eosinophil secretion, did not change the peripheral localization of CLC-P/Gal-10 as observed by both immunofluorescence and immuno-EM (electron microscopy). Thus, in contrast to other preformed eosinophil proteins, CLC-P/Gal-10 neither is stored within secretory granules nor exported through classical degranulation mechanisms (piecemeal degranulation and compound exocytosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana C N Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, ICB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, UFJF, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thiago P Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, ICB, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, UFJF, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Yoshimasa Imoto
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mineyo Fukuchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yui Miyabe
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirokawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Peter F Weller
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Grozdanovic MM, Doyle CB, Liu L, Maybruck BT, Kwatia MA, Thiyagarajan N, Acharya KR, Ackerman SJ. Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galectin-10 interacts with cationic ribonucleases and is required for eosinophil granulogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:377-389.e10. [PMID: 31982451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal (CLC) protein is a member of the Galectin superfamily and is also known as galectin-10 (Gal-10). CLC/Gal-10 forms the distinctive hexagonal bipyramidal crystals that are considered hallmarks of eosinophil participation in allergic responses and related inflammatory reactions; however, the glycan-containing ligands of CLC/Gal-10, its cellular function(s), and its role(s) in allergic diseases are unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the binding partners of CLC/Gal-10 and elucidate its role in eosinophil biology. METHODS Intracellular binding partners were determined by ligand blotting with CLC/Gal-10, followed by coimmunoprecipitation and coaffinity purifications. The role of CLC/Gal-10 in eosinophil function was determined by using enzyme activity assays, confocal microscopy, and short hairpin RNA knockout of CLC/Gal-10 expression in human CD34+ cord blood hematopoietic progenitors differentiated to eosinophils. RESULTS CLC/Gal-10 interacts with both human eosinophil granule cationic ribonucleases (RNases), namely, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (RNS2) and eosinophil cationic protein (RNS3), and with murine eosinophil-associated RNases. The interaction is independent of glycosylation and is not inhibitory toward endoRNase activity. Activation of eosinophils with INF-γ induces the rapid colocalization of CLC/Gal-10 with eosinophil-derived neurotoxin/RNS2 and CD63. Short hairpin RNA knockdown of CLC/Gal-10 in human cord blood-derived CD34+ progenitor cells impairs eosinophil granulogenesis. CONCLUSIONS CLC/Gal-10 functions as a carrier for the sequestration and vesicular transport of the potent eosinophil granule cationic RNases during both differentiation and degranulation, enabling their intracellular packaging and extracellular functions in allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica M Grozdanovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Christine B Doyle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Brian T Maybruck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Mark A Kwatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Nethaji Thiyagarajan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - K Ravi Acharya
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Ackerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Fahy
- From the Department of Medicine (J.V.F., R.M.L.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.V.F.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (R.M.L.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Richard M Locksley
- From the Department of Medicine (J.V.F., R.M.L.), the Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.V.F.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (R.M.L.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
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35
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Sammar M, Drobnjak T, Mandala M, Gizurarson S, Huppertz B, Meiri H. Galectin 13 (PP13) Facilitates Remodeling and Structural Stabilization of Maternal Vessels during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133192. [PMID: 31261864 PMCID: PMC6651626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins regulate cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, signal transduction, mRNA splicing, and interactions with the extracellular matrix. Here we focus on the galectins in the reproductive system, particularly on a group of six galectins that first appears in anthropoid primates in conjunction with the evolution of highly invasive placentation and long gestation. Of these six, placental protein 13 (PP13, galectin 13) interacts with glycoproteins and glycolipids to enable successful pregnancy. PP13 is related to the development of a major obstetric syndrome, preeclampsia, a life-threatening complication of pregnancy which affects ten million pregnant women globally. Preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and organ failure, and is often accompanied by fetal loss and major newborn disabilities. PP13 facilitates the expansion of uterine arteries and veins during pregnancy in an endothelial cell-dependent manner, via the eNOS and prostaglandin signaling pathways. PP13 acts through its carbohydrate recognition domain that binds to sugar residues of extracellular and connective tissue molecules, thus inducing structural stabilization of vessel expansion. Further, decidual PP13 aggregates may serve as a decoy that induces white blood cell apoptosis, contributing to the mother's immune tolerance to pregnancy. Lower first trimester PP13 level is one of the biomarkers to predict the subsequent risk to develop preeclampsia, while its molecular mutations/polymorphisms that are associated with reduced PP13 expression are accompanied by higher rates of preeclampsia We propose a targeted PP13 replenishing therapy to fight preeclampsia in carriers of these mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marei Sammar
- Ephraim Katzir Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, 2161002 Karmiel, Israel.
| | - Tijana Drobnjak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Maurizio Mandala
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87030 Rende, Italy
| | - Sveinbjörn Gizurarson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hamutal Meiri
- Hylabs Ltd., Rehovot, 7670606 and TeleMarpe Ltd., 6908742 Tel Aviv, Israel
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36
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Ueki S, Miyabe Y, Yamamoto Y, Fukuchi M, Hirokawa M, Spencer LA, Weller PF. Charcot-Leyden Crystals in Eosinophilic Inflammation: Active Cytolysis Leads to Crystal Formation. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019; 19:35. [PMID: 31203469 PMCID: PMC6952074 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-019-0868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs), slender bipyramidal hexagonal crystals, were first described by Jean-Martin Charcot in 1853, predating Paul Ehrlich's "discovery" of eosinophils by 26 years. To date, CLCs are known as a classical hallmark of eosinophilic inflammation. CLC protein expresses palmitate cleaving lysophospholipase activity and is a member of the family of S-type lectins, galectin-10. We summarize current knowledge regarding the pathological observations of CLCs and their mechanism of generation focusing on eosinophil cell death. RECENT FINDINGS The presence of CLCs in vivo has been consistently associated with lytic eosinophils. Recent evidence revealed that cytolysis represents the occurrence of extracellular trap cell death (ETosis), an active non-apoptotic cell death process releasing filamentous chromatin structure. Galectin-10 is a predominant protein present within the cytoplasm of eosinophils but not stored in secretory granules. Activated eosinophils undergo ETosis and loss of galectin-10 cytoplasmic localization results in intracellular CLC formation. Free galectin-10 released following plasma membrane disintegration forms extracellular CLCs. Of interest, galectin-10-containing extracellular vesicles are also released during ETosis. Mice models indicated that CLCs could be a novel therapeutic target for Th2-type airway inflammation. The concept of ETosis, which represents a major fate of activated eosinophils, expands our current understanding by which cytoplasmic galectin-10 is crystalized/externalized. Besides CLCs and free galectin-10, cell-free granules, extracellular chromatin traps, extracellular vesicles, and other alarmins, all released through the process of ETosis, have novel implications in various eosinophilic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Yui Miyabe
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Tumor Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Mineyo Fukuchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirokawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Lisa A. Spencer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Peter F. Weller
- Divisions of Allergy and Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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37
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Law SH, Chan ML, Marathe GK, Parveen F, Chen CH, Ke LY. An Updated Review of Lysophosphatidylcholine Metabolism in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051149. [PMID: 30845751 PMCID: PMC6429061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is increasingly recognized as a key marker/factor positively associated with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. However, findings from recent clinical lipidomic studies of LPC have been controversial. A key issue is the complexity of the enzymatic cascade involved in LPC metabolism. Here, we address the coordination of these enzymes and the derangement that may disrupt LPC homeostasis, leading to metabolic disorders. LPC is mainly derived from the turnover of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the circulation by phospholipase A2 (PLA2). In the presence of Acyl-CoA, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) converts LPC to PC, which rapidly gets recycled by the Lands cycle. However, overexpression or enhanced activity of PLA2 increases the LPC content in modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL, which play significant roles in the development of atherosclerotic plaques and endothelial dysfunction. The intracellular enzyme LPCAT cannot directly remove LPC from circulation. Hydrolysis of LPC by autotaxin, an enzyme with lysophospholipase D activity, generates lysophosphatidic acid, which is highly associated with cancers. Although enzymes with lysophospholipase A1 activity could theoretically degrade LPC into harmless metabolites, they have not been found in the circulation. In conclusion, understanding enzyme kinetics and LPC metabolism may help identify novel therapeutic targets in LPC-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Law
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Lin Chan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, MacKay Medical College, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Gopal K Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore, Mysore-570006, India.
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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