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Uppin V, Zarei M, Acharya P, Nair D, Kempaiah B, Talahalli R. Zerumbone exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing eicosanoid signaling: Evidence from LPS-induced peripheral blood leukocytes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 173:106852. [PMID: 38761959 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Zerumbone, a sesquiterpene isolated from Zingiber zerumbet, has many bioactivities, exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of zerumbone on the eicosanoid signaling pathway has yet to be examined. Here, we deciphered the anti-eicosanoid properties of zerumbone isolated from ginger. The molecular interaction between zerumbone and eicosanoid metabolizing enzymes (COX-2, 5-LOX, FLAP, and LTA4-hydrolase) and receptors (EP-4, BLT-1, and ICAM-1) along with NOS-2 were assessed using Auto-Dock 4.2 and visualized by chimera and Liggplot+ software. Further, the leukocytes were treated with zerumbone (1-20 μM) and activated using bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS-10 nM). The oxidative stress (OS) markers, antioxidant enzymes, and the eicosanoid pathway mediators such as COX-2, 5-LOX, BLT-1, and EP-4 were assessed. The molecular interaction of zerumbone with eicosanoids showed a higher binding affinity with mPGES-1, followed by NOS-2, FLAP, COX-2, LTA-4-hydrolase, and BLT-1. The concentration of 5 μM zerumbone effectively prevented the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Likewise, zerumbone significantly (p<0.05) inhibited COX-2, 5-LOX, NOS-2, EP-4, BLT-1, and ICAM-1 expression in LPS-induced peripheral blood leukocytes from rats. Further, the zerumbone treatment on the human PBMCs activated with LPS showed significant inhibition in the expression of ICAM1, COX-2, 5-LOX, and the generation of inflammatory cytokines compared to the control. Overall, the data presented infers that zerumbone positively modulates critical enzymes and receptors of eicosanoids in leukocytes activated with lipopolysaccharides. Thus, zerumbone can be a potential anti-eicosanoid drug in managing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Uppin
- Dept. of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Mehrdad Zarei
- Dept. of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Pooja Acharya
- Dept. of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Devika Nair
- Dept. of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Bettadaiah Kempaiah
- Dept. of Spices and Flavor Sciences, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Ramaprasad Talahalli
- Dept. of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India.
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Algefare AI, Alfwuaires M, Famurewa AC, Elsawy H, Sedky A. Geraniol prevents CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity via suppression of hepatic oxidative stress, pro-inflammation and apoptosis in rats. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:128-134. [PMID: 38304701 PMCID: PMC10831491 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a classic chemical hepatotoxicant that triggers liver damage through hepatic exacerbation of oxidative stress. Geraniol (GRL) is a natural bioactive acyclic monoterpene with several pharmacological effects. We thus explored whether GRL could prevent CCl4-triggered hepatic toxicity. Rats were divided and administered GRL (100 mg/kg) and/or CCl4 (1 ml/kg of 1:1 v/v CCl4: olive oil) in Control group, GRL group, CCl4 group, GRL + CCl4 groups 2 times per week for 4 consecutive weeks. CCl4 caused significantly (p < 0.05) elevated serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TB), whereas the albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) levels were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced relative to the control group. The liver activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while malondialdehyde (MDA) level evidently elevated in comparison to the control group. The CCl4 exposure caused significant increases in proinflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), apoptotic caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels, whereas the anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were reduced in consistent with histopathological changes compared to the control. On the contrary, the GRL administration prevented the hepatic toxicity and lesions through restoration of liver status markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA, cytokines and apoptosis in comparison to the CCl4 group. Altogether, the findings reveal that GRL could abrogate CCl4-provoked hepatic toxicity via inhibition of hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmohsen I. Algefare
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Alfwuaires
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ademola C. Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka State, India
| | - Hany Elsawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Azza Sedky
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Gong Q, Wang X, Liu Y, Yuan H, Ge Z, Li Y, Huang J, Liu Y, Chen M, Xiao W, Liu R, Shi R, Wang L. Potential Hepatoprotective Effects of Allicin on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. TOXICS 2024; 12:328. [PMID: 38787107 PMCID: PMC11126064 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The global burden of liver disease is enormous, which highlights the need for effective hepatoprotective agents. It was reported that allicin exhibits protective effects against a range of diseases. In this study, we further evaluated allicin's effect and mechanism in acute hepatic injury. Liver injury in mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection with 1% CCl4 (10 mL/kg/day). When the first dose was given, CCl4 was given immediately after administration of different doses of allicin (40, 20, and 10 mg/kg/day) as well as compound glycyrrhizin (CGI, 80 mg/kg/day), and then different doses of allicin (40, 20, and 10 mg/kg/day) as well as compound glycyrrhizin (CGI, 80 mg/kg/day) were administrated every 12 h. The animals were dissected 24 h after the first administration. The findings demonstrated a significant inhibition of CCl4-induced acute liver injury following allicin treatment. This inhibition was evidenced by notable reductions in serum levels of transaminases, specifically aspartate transaminase, along with mitigated histological damage to the liver. In this protective process, allicin plays the role of reducing the amounts or the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6. Furthermore, allicin recovered the activities of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and reduced the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in a dose-dependent manner, and also reduced liver Caspase 3, Caspase 8, and BAX to inhibit liver cell apoptosis. Further analysis showed that the administration of allicin inhibited the increased protein levels of Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), which is related to inflammation and oxidative stress. The in vitro study of the LPS-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory cell model confirmed that allicin can inhibit important inflammation-related factors and alleviate inflammation. This research firstly clarified that allicin has a significant protective effect on CCl4-induced liver injury via inhibiting the inflammatory response and hepatocyte apoptosis, alleviating oxidative stress associated with the progress of liver damage, highlighting the potential of allicin as a hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmei Gong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yongshi Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Heling Yuan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zifeng Ge
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuzhou Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinhu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yufan Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ming Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Ruiting Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Rongmei Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Liu X, Li J, Yang Z, Shi Y, Ji H, Li X. Effect of Shenlingyigan decoction on inflammatory factors related to liver injury regulated by TLR3 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24611. [PMID: 38322849 PMCID: PMC10844112 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the therapeutic effect of Shenlingyigan decoction on acute liver injury. Further explored the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic properties of Shenlingyigan decoction by test several key proteins (TLR3, TRIF, TBK1, IRF3, IFNβ, IL-1 and IL-6) within the TLR3 signaling pathway. Methods The mouse acute liver injury model group was established by pretreatment with D-GalN and Poly (I:C) induction. The acute liver injury mouse treatment groups were gavage with different doses of Shenlingyigan decoction for 3 days. The therapeutic effects of Shenlingyigan decoction were preliminarily evaluated using organ indices, tissue images, and HE staining. Furthermore, potential associated signaling pathways and target effects were predicted through network pharmacology. Western blot experiments were conducted to examine the expression of relevant proteins (TLR3, TRIF, TBK1, IRF3, IL-1, and IL-6). In addition, immunofluorescence assays were performed to assess the localization of IRF3 and IFNβ expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Finally, the effects of Shenlingyigan decoction on the expression of TLR3, TRIF, TBK1 and IRF3 genes were further studied by QT-PCR. Results The liver organ index, the tissue photos and HE staining showed that Shenlingyigan decoction could reduce inflammation by decreasing the presence of inflammatory cells and downregulating the expression of IL-1 and IL-6. The result of network pharmacology showed 709 potential drug and disease overlapping targets. Toll-like receptor signaling pathway was related with these targets through KEGG analysis. Besides, TLR3, TBK1, IRF3, IL6, were important targets associated with viral hepatitis. Westernblot and Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Shenlingyigan decoction reduced the expression of TLR3 and TBK1 in mice with liver injury, while increasing the expression of IRF3. Shenlingyigan decoction does not significantly affect the expression of TRIF and IFNβ; however, it enhances the expression of IRF3 in the nucleus, consequently leading to increased expression of IFNβ in the nucleus. The results of QT-PCR showed that Shenlingyigan decoction could down-regulate the expression of TLR3, TRIF and TBK1 genes, and up-regulate the expression of IRF3 gene. Conclusions Shenlingyigan decoction participated in immune responses by effecting the expression of TLR3 signaling pathway-related factors to treat the acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanping Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Ji
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Chen Q, Wang L, Li S, Lv D, Li X, Yin W, Hu T, Li C, Cheng X. Selenizing chitooligosaccharide with site-selective modification to alleviate acute liver injury in vivo. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109042. [PMID: 38244321 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Two selenized chitooligosaccharide (O-Se-COS and N,O-Se-COS) with different sites modification were synthesized to alleviate liver injury in vivo. Comparing to traditional COS, both selenized COS exhibited enhanced reducibility as well as antioxidant capacity in vitro. Furthermore, O-Se-COS demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage compared to N,O-Se-COS as its enhanced cellular uptake by the positive/negative charge interactions. Two mechanisms were proposed to explained these results: one is to enhance the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), which effectively scavenge free radicals; the other is to down-regulate intracellular cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1) levels, inhibiting carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced peroxidation damage. In vivo studies further demonstrated the effective alleviation of CCl4-induced liver injury by selenized COS, with therapeutic efficacy observed in the following order: O-Se-COS > N,O-Se-COS > COS. Finally, hemolysis and histological tests confirmed the biosafety of both selenized COS. Taken together, these finding demonstrated that selenium has the potential to improve the biological activity of COS, and precise selenylation was more conducive to achieving the synergistic effect where 1 + 1>2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China
| | - Sirong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China
| | - Dan Lv
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China; The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, Anqing, 246133, PR China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China
| | - Wenting Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China
| | - Ting Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China; The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, Anqing, 246133, PR China
| | - Conghu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China; The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, Anqing, 246133, PR China.
| | - Xu Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Development of Medicinal Resources, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246052, PR China; The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, Anqing, 246133, PR China.
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Singh S, Nirala SK, Bhadauria M. Comparative role of acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide in development of fibrosis in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfad114. [PMID: 38179004 PMCID: PMC10762665 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several hepatotoxicants such as acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride, and thioacetamide are repeatedly used to develop hepatic fibrosis to mimic the histological and hemodynamic characteristics of human illness. It may be a good idea to establish a better model among these hepatotoxicants to develop hepatic fibrosis. Aim The present study evaluated comparative toxic effects of three model hepatotoxicants for experimental progression of fibrosis or cirrhosis. Materials and methods Acetaminophen (200 mg/kg), carbon tetrachloride (200 µl/kg) and thioacetamide (200 mg/kg) were administered orally, thrice in a week for 8 weeks in different groups. After 8 weeks of exposure, animals were euthanized, blood and tissues were collected for various hematological, serological, tissue biochemical analysis and histological observations for comparative assessment of toxic consequences. Results Significant deviation was noted in liver function tests, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and GSH cycle enzymes; aniline hydroxylase, amidopyrine-N-demethylase, DNA fragmentation and level of hydroxyproline when compared with control group. Histology also depicted damage in liver histoarchitecture with exposure to acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide. Tukey's HSD post hoc test confirmed that thioacetamide produced severe toxic effects in comparison to carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen. Conclusion In conclusion, toxic effects were noted in ascending order as acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Singh
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas University, Koni-Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Satendra Kumar Nirala
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Rural Technology and Social Development, Guru Ghasidas University, Koni-Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Monika Bhadauria
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas University, Koni-Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
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Meng X, Wang D, Zhang H, Kang T, Meng X, Liang S. Portulaca oleracea L. extract relieve mice liver fibrosis by inhibiting TLR-4/NF-κB, Bcl-2/Bax and TGF-β1/Smad2 signalling transduction. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38164691 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2300034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. are annual herb, which has various pharmacological effects including hepatoprotective property. However, the effect of Portulaca oleracea L. (POL-1) in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis and its mechanism of action have not been clarified. POL-1 ameliorated the CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice, as shown by decreased collagen deposition and the decreased expression of liver fibrosis marker collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA. In addition, treatment with POL-1 suppressed the proliferation of activated human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2). POL-1 inhibited the oxidative stress and inflammation in fibrotic livers of mice. Mechanistically, POL-1 inhibited the CCl4-induced expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κBp65) p65, Bcl2-associated X (Bax), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic 2 (Smad2) proteins, upregulated B-cell lymphoma -2 (Bcl-2) proteins in livers of mice. These findings suggested that POL-1 attenuated liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqun Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Tingguo Kang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xiansheng Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Plant Polysaccharide Research Center, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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Wang L, Jiang Q, Chen S, Wang S, Lu J, Gao X, Zhang D, Jin X. Natural epidithiodiketopiperazine alkaloids as potential anticancer agents: Recent mechanisms of action, structural modification, and synthetic strategies. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106642. [PMID: 37276722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a grave health crisis that threatens the lives of millions of people worldwide. Because of the drawbacks of the available anticancer drugs, the development of novel and efficient anticancer agents should be encouraged. Epidithiodiketopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids with a 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) ring equipped with transannular disulfide or polysulfide bridges or S-methyl moieties constitute a special subclass of fungal natural products. Owing to their privileged sulfur units and intriguing architectural structures, ETP alkaloids exhibit excellent anticancer activities by regulating multiple cancer proteins/signaling pathways, including HIF-1, NF-κB, NOTCH, Wnt, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, or by inducing cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. Furthermore, a series of ETP alkaloid derivatives obtained via structural modification showed more potent anticancer activity than natural ETP alkaloids. To solve supply difficulties from natural resources, the total synthetic routes for several ETP alkaloids have been designed. In this review, we summarized several ETP alkaloids with anticancer properties with particular emphasis on their underlying mechanisms of action, structural modifications, and synthetic strategies, which will offer guidance to design and innovate potential anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- China Medical University-Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- The 1st Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xun Gao
- Jiangsu Institute Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Dongfang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Lin Y, Chen XJ, Li JJ, He L, Yang YR, Zhong F, He MH, Shen YT, Tu B, Zhang X, Zeng Z. A novel type lavandulyl flavonoid from Sophora flavescens as potential anti-hepatic injury agent that inhibit TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116163. [PMID: 36738945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Sophora flavescens Aiton, was a crucial source of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that has benefited human health for hundreds of years. Alkaloids and flavonoids were the major bioactive constituents from S. flavescens, which had been widely used for liver disease treatment in China. However, the liver-protective components of flavonoids from S. flavescens and their mechanism of action were not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro hepatoprotective activities of 35 flavonoids from S. flavescens and screen active compounds. Furthermore, it was conducted to demonstrate the hepatoprotective effects of a new active compound (kurarinol A, 1) was isolated by authors and the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract form S. flavescens against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury in Kunming (KM) mice, meanwhile revealed the potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 35 flavonoids from S. flavescens were co-incubated with HepG2 cells and treated with 0.35% CCl4 for 6 h cell viability was measured by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) (MTS) assay. Then, in vivo animal experiments, the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the serum were analyzed, the degree of hepatic injury was examined using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, the mRNA expression of Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2), Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and the protein levels of nuclear factor-kappa B p65/p-p65 (NF-κB p65/p-p65), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), IL-1β and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) in hepatic tissues were detected. RESULTS The lavandulyl flavonoid (kurarinol A, 1) and the EtOAc extract from S. flavescens showed protective effects on CCl4-injured HepG2 cells, increasing cell viability from 24.5% to 61.3% and 91.8%, respectively. What's more, we found that treatment with kurarinol A (1) and the EtOAc extract lead to a significant reduction in hepatotoxicity in response to acute CCl4 exposure. Compared with the model group, experimental results exhibited kurarinol A (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and the EtOAc extract (300 mg/kg, i.p.) could decrease the levels of AST, ALT, ALP and tissue damage. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that up-regulated the mRNA expression of SOD2, Nrf2, OH-1 and down-regulated the IL-1β in liver tissues, respectively. Additionally, Western blot analyses elucidated that inhibition of IL-1β, TLR2, COX-2, NF-κB (p65/p-p65) via TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway by kurarinol A and the EtOAc extract contribute to its hepatoprotective activity. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that the novel compound (kurarinol A, 1) possessed notable hepatoprotective activity against CCl4. It was confirmed that kurarinol A had a certain effect on mice with liver damage induced by CCl4, and its mechanism could be include inhibiting inflammation and reducing of oxidative stress reaction by regulating expression of related genes and proteins. Thus, kurarinol A could as a novel active agent that contributes to the hepatoprotective activity of S. flavescens for the treatment of live injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xing-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lei He
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ya-Ru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming-Hui He
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi-Tong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bo Tu
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou, 550025, China; Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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Meng X, Kuang H, Wang Q, Zhang H, Wang D, Kang T. A polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula roots attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via modulation of TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110180. [PMID: 37068337 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The present work reported the extraction, purification, characterization of a polysaccharide from roots of Codonopsis pilosula (CPP-A-1) and its effect on liver fibrosis. The findings exhibited that the molecular weight of CPP-A-1 was 9424 Da, and monosaccharide composition were glucose and fructose and minor contents of arabinose. Structural characterization of CPP-A-1 has a backbone consisting of→(2-β-D-Fruf-1)n→ (n ≈ 46-47). Treatment with CPP-A-1 inhibited the proliferation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β)-activated human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2), and induced cell apoptosis. We used carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to construct mice model of liver fibrosis and subsequently administered CPP-A-1 treatment. The results showed that CPP-A-1 alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis as demonstrated by reversing liver histological changes, decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) contents, collagen deposition, and downregulated fibrosis-related collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and inhibited the generation of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) components by restoring the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and its inhibitor (TIMPs). Moreover, CPP-A-1 improved anti-oxidation effects detected by promoting liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and Mn-SOD levels, and inhibition of liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and iNOS levels. CPP-A-1 also ameliorated the inflammatory factor (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6), and expression of inflammatory factor genes (TNF-α, IL-11 mRNA). In addition, our results showed that CPP-A-1 inhibited Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic 3 (Smad3) signaling pathways. Furthermore, In vitro tests of LX-2 cells demonstrated that CPP-A-1 not only inhibited α-SMA expression with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or TGF-β1 stimulation, but also inhibited TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, similar to corresponding small-molecule inhibitors. Therefore, CPP-A-1 might exert suppressive effects against liver fibrosis by regulating TLR4/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, our findings support a possible application of CPP-A-1 for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqun Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Herbs Preparation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Tingguo Kang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identification, Liaoning University Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
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11
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Chemical characterization of polysaccharides from Arctium lappa root and its hepatoprotective effects on mice. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
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12
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Zhai Y, Tang H, Zhang Q, Peng Y, Zhao L, Zhang B, Yang Y, Ma J, Zhu J, Zhang D. The Protective Effect of Lycium barbarum Betaine and Effervescent Tablet Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats. Nat Prod Commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x231161419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is essential for animals and humans. Because of their low side effects and high safety, natural products have recently become a research hotspot for human health-related issues that can damage the liver. In this study, we investigated the protective effects in rats of Lycium barbarum betaine (LBB) and Lycium barbarum betaine Effervescent Tablet (LBBET) against liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The results showed that LBB and LBBET pretreatment significantly reduced the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase, as well as the liver tissue levels of malondialdehyde. Meanwhile, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly increased in liver tissues. In addition, LBB and LBBET may effectively alleviate CCl4-induced liver injury by a mechanism related to the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, LBB and LBBET may serve as potential mitigators of CCl4-induced liver injury. Effervescent Tablet can be used as either a new formulation or practical product for patients who have difficulty swallowing regular tablets or capsules. This study provides a basis and new ideas for the development of functional foods or drugs related to the field of liver protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhai
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Huaqiang Tang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qunhui Zhang
- College of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yanfeng Peng
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- College of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Benyin Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yongjing Yang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ji Zhu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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13
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Dai C, Liu M, Zhang Q, Das Gupta S, Tang S, Shen J. Nootkatone Supplementation Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride Exposure-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020370. [PMID: 36829928 PMCID: PMC9951873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nootkatone (NKT), a major ingredient of Alpinia oxyphylla, exhibited potential nephroprotective effects; however, the precise molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to study the nephroprotective effects of NKT and the underlying mechanisms in a mouse model. Our results showed that NKT pretreatment at the doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg per day for 7 days significantly attenuates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced increases of serum BUN and CRE and kidney pathology injury. NKT pretreatment also markedly inhibited oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and the activation of caspases-9 and -3 in kidneys of mice exposed to CCl4. Meanwhile, NKT pretreatment downregulated the expression of NOX4, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α proteins and NO levels in the kidney tissues. Moreover, NKT pretreatment upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNAs, and downregulated the expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS mRNAs in the kidneys of mice, compared to those in the CCl4 alone treatment group. In conclusion, our results reveal that NKT supplementation could protect against CCl4 exposure-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the kidneys by inhibiting NOX4 and NF-κB pathways and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Our current study highlights the therapeutic application of NKT for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongshan Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Mingchao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qinzhi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Subhajit Das Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75230, USA
| | - Shusheng Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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14
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Wei YY, Wang HR, Fan YM, Gu JH, Zhang XY, Gong XH, Hao ZH. Acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride reversal by Gandankang aqueous extracts through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114527. [PMID: 36628874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluated the effect and underlying mechanism of Gandankang (GDK) aqueous extract in alleviating the acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in vivo and in vitro. Mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 8) for acute (Groups: control, 0.3 % CCl4, BD (Bifendate), 1.17, 2.34 and 4.68 mg/kg GDK) liver injury study. 10 µL/g CCl4 with corn oil were injected interperitoneally (i.p) expect the control group. HepG2 cells were used in vitro study. The results showed GDK can effectively inhibit liver damage and restore the structure and function of the liver. In mechanism, GDK inhibited CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and blocked the NF-κB pathway to effectively inhibit the hepatic inflammatory response; and inhibited CCl4-induced oxidative stress by upregulating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway-related proteins and promoting the synthesis of several antioxidants. Additionally, it inhibited ferroptosis in the liver by regulating the expression of ACSl4 and GPX4. GDK reduced lipid peroxide generation in vitro by downregulating the production of reactive oxygen species and Fe2+ aggregation, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and alleviating CCl4-induced hepatocyte injury. In conclusion, we describe the potential complex mechanism underlying the effect of GDK against acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wei
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Hui-Ru Wang
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yi-Meng Fan
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Jin-Hua Gu
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Zhang
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu-Hao Gong
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Hao
- Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
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Nootkatone Supplementation Ameliorates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury via the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, NF-κB Pathways, and the Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010194. [PMID: 36671056 PMCID: PMC9855146 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury is a type of liver diseases, and it has raised concerns worldwide due to the lack of effective therapies. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of nootkatone (NOOT) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-caused acute liver injury in mice. Mice were randomly divided into control, CCl4 model, NOOT, and NOOT (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day) plus CCl4 groups, respectively. Mice in the CCl4 plus NOOT groups were orally administrated with NOOT at 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/days for seven days prior to 0.3% CCl4 injection at 10 mL/kg body weight, respectively. Our results showed that NOOT supplementation significantly ameliorated CCl4-induced increases of serum AST and ALT levels, hepatocyte necrosis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and caspases-9 and -3 activities in the livers of mice. Moreover, NOOT supplementation significantly upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNAs but downregulated the expression of NF-κB mRNAs and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α proteins in the liver tissues, compared to those in the CCl4 model group. In conclusion, for the first time, our results reveal that NOOT could offer protective effects against CCl4-caused oxidative stress and inflammatory response via the opposite regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and NF-κB pathway.
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Role of Zerumbone, a Phytochemical Sesquiterpenoid from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, in Maintaining Macrophage Polarization and Redox Homeostasis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245402. [PMID: 36558562 PMCID: PMC9783216 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and microglia are highly versatile cells that can be polarized into M1 and M2 phenotypes in response to diverse environmental stimuli, thus exhibiting different biological functions. In the central nervous system, activated resident macrophages and microglial cells trigger the production of proinflammatory mediators that contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, modulating the activation of macrophages and microglia by optimizing the inflammatory environment is beneficial for disease management. Several naturally occurring compounds have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Zerumbone is a phytochemical sesquiterpenoid and also a cyclic ketone isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith. In this study, we found that zerumbone effectively reduced the expression of lipocalin-2 in macrophages and microglial cell lines. Lipocalin-2, also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), has been characterized as an adipokine/cytokine implicated in inflammation. Moreover, supplement with zerumbone inhibited reactive oxygen species production. Phagocytic activity was decreased following the zerumbone supplement. In addition, the zerumbone supplement remarkably reduced the production of M1-polarization-associated chemokines CXC10 and CCL-2, as well as M1-polarization-associated cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 and the production of NO were attenuated in macrophages and microglial cells supplemented with zerumbone. Notably, we discovered that zerumbone effectively promoted the production of the endogenous antioxidants heme oxygenase-1, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 and remarkably enhanced IL-10, a marker of M2 macrophage polarization. Endogenous antioxidant production and M2 macrophage polarization were increased through activation of the AMPK/Akt and Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways. In summary, this study demonstrated the protective role of zerumbone in maintaining M1 and M2 polarization homeostasis by decreasing inflammatory responses and enhancing the production of endogenous antioxidants in both macrophages and microglia cells. This study suggests that zerumbone can be used as a potential therapeutic drug for the supplement of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Gao F, Liu H, Han H, Wang X, Qu L, Liu C, Tian X, Hou R. Ameliorative effect of Berberidis radix polysaccharide selenium nanoparticles against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1058480. [PMID: 36438830 PMCID: PMC9682150 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1058480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberidis radix polysaccharide (BRP) extracted as capping agents was applied to prepare BRP-selenium nanoparticles (BRP-SeNPs) in the redox reaction system of sodium selenite and ascorbic acid. The stability and characterization of BRP-SeNPs were investigated by physical analysis method. The results revealed that BRP were tightly wrapped on the surface of SeNPs by forming C-O⋯Se bonds or hydrogen bonding interaction (O-H⋯Se). BRP-SeNPs presented irregular, fragmented and smooth surface morphology and polycrystalline nanoring structure, and its particle size was 89.4 nm in the optimal preparation condition. The pharmacologic functions of BRP-SeNPs were explored in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that BRP-SeNPs could heighten the cell viabilities and the enzyme activity of GSH-Px and decrease the content of MDA on H2O2-induced AML-12 cells injury model. In vivo tests, the results displayed that BRP-SeNPs could increase the body weight of mice, promote the enzyme activity like SOD and GSH-Px, decrease the liver organ index and the hepatic function index such as ALT, AST, CYP2E1, reduce the content of MDA, and relieve the proinflammation factors of NO, IL-1β and TNF-α in CCl4-induced mice injury model. Liver tissue histopathological studies corroborated the improvement of BRP-SeNPs on liver of CCl4-induced mice. The results of Western blot showed that BRP-SeNPs could attenuate oxidant stress by the Nrf2/Keap1/MKP1/JNK pathways, and downregulate the proinflammatory factors by TLR4/MAPK pathway. These findings suggested that BRP-SeNPs possess the hepatoprotection and have the potential to be a green liver-protecting and auxiliary liver inflammation drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Han
- Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lihua Qu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Congmin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemei Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ranran Hou
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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18
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Liang ST, Chen C, Chen RX, Li R, Chen WL, Jiang GH, Du LL. Michael acceptor molecules in natural products and their mechanism of action. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033003. [PMID: 36408214 PMCID: PMC9666775 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Michael receptor molecules derived from plants are biologically active due to electrophilic groups in their structure. They can target nucleophilic residues on disease-related proteins, with significant therapeutic effects and low toxicity for many diseases. They provide a good option for relevant disease treatment. The aim of this study is to summarize the existing MAMs and their applications, and lay a foundation for the application of Michael receptor molecules in life science in the future. Methods: This review summarizes the published studies on Michael receptor molecules isolated from plants in literature databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Wiley. Latin names of plants were verified through https://www.iplant.cn/. All relevant compound structures were verified through PubChem and literature, and illustrated with ChemDraw 20.0. Result: A total of 50 Michael receptor molecules derived from various plants were discussed. It was found that these compounds have similar pharmacological potential, most of them play a role through the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway and the NF-κB pathway, and have biological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. They can be used to treat inflammatory diseases and tumors. Conclusion: The Michael receptor molecule has electrophilicity due to its unsaturated aldehyde ketone structure, which can combine with nucleophilic residues on the protein to form complexes and activate or inhibit the protein pathway to play a physiological role. Michael receptor molecules can regulate the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway and the NF-κB pathway. Michael receptor molecules can be used to treat diseases such as inflammation, cancer, oxidative stress, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Ting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gui-Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei-Lei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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19
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Munakarmi S, Gurau Y, Shrestha J, Risal P, Park HS, Shin HB, Jeong YJ. Hepatoprotective Effects of a Natural Flavanol 3,3'-Diindolylmethane against CCl 4-Induced Chronic Liver Injury in Mice and TGFβ1-Induced EMT in Mouse Hepatocytes via Activation of Nrf2 Cascade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911407. [PMID: 36232707 PMCID: PMC9569868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a form of irregular wound-healing response with acute and chronic injury triggered by the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that plays a crucial role in the fibrogenic response and pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. In the present study, we postulated a protective role of 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) against TGF-β1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. TGF-β1-induced AML-12 hepatocyte injury was evaluated by monitoring cell morphology, measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential, and quantifying apoptosis, inflammatory, and EMT-related proteins. Furthermore, CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice was evaluated by performing liver function tests, including serum ALT and AST, total bilirubin, and albumin to assess liver injury and by performing H&E and Sirius red staining to determine the degree of liver fibrosis. Immunoblotting was performed to determine the expression levels of inflammation, apoptosis, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling-related proteins. DIM treatment significantly restored TGF-β1-induced morphological changes, inhibited the expression of mesenchymal markers by activating E-cadherin, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced ROS intensity, and upregulated levels of Nrf2-responsive antioxidant genes. In the mouse model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, DIM remarkably attenuated liver injury and liver fibrosis, as reflected by the reduced ALT and AST parameters with increased serum Alb activity and fewer lesions in H&E staining. It also mitigated the fibrosis area in Sirius red and Masson staining. Taken together, our results suggest a possible molecular mechanism of DIM by suppressing TGF-β1-induced EMT in mouse hepatocytes and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvesh Munakarmi
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Yamuna Gurau
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Juna Shrestha
- Alka Hospital Private Limited, Jwalakhel, Kathmandu 446010, Nepal
| | - Prabodh Risal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal
| | - Ho Sung Park
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Hyun Beak Shin
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Jeong
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence:
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20
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Zhao H, Deng B, Li D, Jia L, Yang F. Enzymatic-extractable polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris alleviate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury via Nrf2/ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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21
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Yang L, Bi L, Jin L, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Z, He W, Cui H, Miao J, Wang L. Geniposide Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis Through Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Respose, Inhibiting Apoptosis and Modulating Overall Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:772635. [PMID: 34899328 PMCID: PMC8651620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a progressive liver damage condition caused by various factors and may progress toward liver cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Many studies have found that the disfunction in metabolism could contribute to the development of liver fibrosis. Geniposide, derived from Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis, has been demonstrated with therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of such liver-protection remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explored the effect of geniposide on metabolic regulations in liver fibrosis. We used carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to construct a mouse model of liver fibrosis and subsequently administered geniposide treatment. Therapeutic effects of geniposide on liver fibrosis were accessed through measuring the levels of hepatic enzymes in serum and the pathological changes in liver. We also investigated the effects of geniposide on inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver. Furthermore, serum untargeted metabolomics were used to explore the metabolic regulatory mechanisms behind geniposide on liver fibrosis. Our results demonstrated that geniposide could reduce the levels of hepatic enzymes in serum and ameliorate the pathological changes in liver fibrosis mice. Geniposide enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) levels in liver. Geniposide treatment also decreased the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) in liver tissue homogenate. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay (TUNEL) staining demonstrated that geniposide could reduce the apoptosis of hepatocytes. Geniposide increased the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and downregulated the protein expression of Bcl-2 Associated X (Bax), cleaved-Caspase 3, and cleaved-Caspase 9. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis demonstrated that geniposide treatment improved the metabolic disorders including glycerophospholipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the protective effects of geniposide on liver fibrosis. We found that geniposide could treat liver fibrosis by inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory response and apoptosis in the liver, and modulating glycerophospholipid, and arginine, proline, and AA metabolism processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liping Bi
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lulu Jin
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Wenju He
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huantian Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Wang
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
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22
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Cancer Chemopreventive Role of Dietary Terpenoids by Modulating Keap1-Nrf2-ARE Signaling System—A Comprehensive Update. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ROS, RNS, and carcinogenic metabolites generate excessive oxidative stress, which changes the basal cellular status and leads to epigenetic modification, genomic instability, and initiation of cancer. Epigenetic modification may inhibit tumor-suppressor genes and activate oncogenes, enabling cells to have cancer promoting properties. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the NFE2L2 gene, and is activated in response to cellular stress. It can regulate redox homoeostasis by expressing several cytoprotective enzymes, including NADPH quinine oxidoreductase, heme oxygenase-1, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, etc. There is accumulating evidence supporting the idea that dietary nutraceuticals derived from commonly used fruits, vegetables, and spices have the ability to produce cancer chemopreventive activity by inducing Nrf2-mediated detoxifying enzymes. In this review, we discuss the importance of these nutraceuticals in cancer chemoprevention and summarize the role of dietary terpenoids in this respect. This approach was taken to accumulate the mechanistic function of these terpenoids to develop a comprehensive understanding of their direct and indirect roles in modulating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling system.
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23
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Bioactive Compounds from Zingiber montanum and Their Pharmacological Activities with Focus on Zerumbone. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The genus Zingiber consists of about 85 species and many of these species are used as food, spices, and medicines. One of the species, Zingiber montanum (J. Koenig) Link ex A. Dietr. is native to Southeast Asia and has been extensively used as traditional medicines and food. The aim of this review was to collect and critically analyze the scientific information about the bioactive compounds and pharmacological activities of Z. montanum with focus on one of the main components, zerumbone (ZER). Various studies have reported the analysis of volatile constituents of the essential oils from Z. montanum. Similarly, many phenylbutanoids, flavonoids and terpenes were also isolated from rhizomes. These essential oils, extracts and compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities among others. Zerumbone has been studied widely for its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological activities. Future studies should focus on the exploration of various pharmacological activities of other compounds including phenylbutanoids and flavonoids. Bioassay guided isolation may result in the separation of other active components from the extracts. Z. montanum could be a promising source for the development of pharmaceutical products and functional foods.
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24
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AbuZahra HM, Rajendran P, Ismail MB. Zerumbone Exhibit Protective Effect against Zearalenone Induced Toxicity via Ameliorating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101593. [PMID: 34679730 PMCID: PMC8533127 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone are widely occurring food contaminants that cause hepatotoxicity. This research work aimed to investigate how zerumbone, a plant-derived dietary compound, can fight ZEA-induced hepatotoxicity. ZER is found to increase the cells’ toxin resistance. This study was performed on mice challenged with ZEA. The administration of ZER decreased the level of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Simultaneously, ZER attenuated the inflammatory response via significantly reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum. Pretreatment with ZER reduced the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, as well as the depletion of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), hepatic glutathione (GSH), and hepatic catalase (CAT). Moreover, it significantly ameliorated ZEA-induced liver damage and histological hepatocyte changes. ZER also relieved ZEA-induced apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. Furthermore, ZER increasingly activated Bcl2 and suppressed apoptosis marker proteins. Our findings suggest that ZER exhibits the ability to prevent ZEA-induced liver injury and present the underlying molecular basis for potential applications of ZER to cure liver injuries.
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25
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Li Y, Guo Z, Cui H, Wang T, Xu Y, Zhao J. Urantide prevents CCl4‑induced acute liver injury in rats by regulating the MAPK signalling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:688. [PMID: 34328202 PMCID: PMC8365596 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of drugs and other triggers can cause acute liver injury (ALI) in clinical practice. Therefore, identifying a safe drug for the prevention of liver injury is important. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential preventive effect and regulatory mechanism of urantide on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‑induced ALI by investigating the expression of components of the MAPK signalling pathway and the urotensin II (UII)/urotensin receptor (UT) system. Liver oedema and severe fatty degeneration of the cytoplasm were observed in ALI model rats, and the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were found to be significantly increased. Compared with those in the ALI model group, ALT and AST levels and the liver index did not significantly increase in each group given the preventive administration of urantide, and the liver tissue morphology was correspondingly protected. Moreover, the gene and protein expression levels of UII, G protein‑coupled receptor (GPR14) and the oxidative stress‑sensitive cytokines, α‑smooth muscle actin and osteopontin were decreased, indicating that the protein translation process was effectively maintained. However, the expression levels of MAPK signalling pathway‑related proteins and genes were decreased. It was found that urantide could effectively block the MAPK signalling pathway by antagonizing the UII/UT system, thus protecting the livers of ALI model rats. Therefore, it was suggested that ALI may be associated with the MAPK signalling pathway, and effective inhibition of the MAPK signalling pathway may be critical in protecting the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Zheming Guo
- Second Department of Trauma, Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Cui
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Tu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yuhang Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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26
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Dehpour AR, Yousefi-Manesh H, Sheibani M, Sadeghi MA, Hemmati S, Noori T, Shirooie S. Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Sumatriptan on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021; 72:41-46. [PMID: 34500479 DOI: 10.1055/a-1589-5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The liver detoxifies and metabolizes many drugs and xenobiotics which may cause hepatotoxicity due to some toxic agents. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is metabolized in cytochrome P450 and its reactive radical metabolites cause lipid peroxidation, cellular injury, and apoptosis. Sumatriptan (SUM), 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist, had anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. In this research the effect of SUM pre-treatment against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was examined. Adult rats received SUM (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg; i.p.) for 3 consecutive days before CCl4 (2 ml/kg; i.p. on the 3rd day). The aminotransferases serum levels, tissue levels of anti-oxidant and pro-inflammatory markers and histopathological examination were evaluated. SUM (0.3 mg/kg) prevented significantly the elevation of aminotransferases versus the control group (CCl4 group) (P<0.0001) and also, reversed meaningfully the changes of the MPO, MDA, SOD and CAT, IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Additionally, CCl4-intoxication resulted to the disruption of lobular and cellular structures and inflammation in histopathological evaluation which is prevented by SUM (0.3 mg/kg). These data revealed that SUM (0.3 mg/kg), but no at doses 0.1 and 1 mg/kg, decreases the hepatotoxicity of induced by CCl4 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Yousefi-Manesh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Hemmati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Noori
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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27
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Chang ML, Lin YT, Kung HN, Hou YC, Liu JJ, Pan MH, Chen HL, Yu CH, Tsai PJ. A triterpenoid-enriched extract of bitter melon leaves alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting inflammatory responses in carbon tetrachloride-treated mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:7805-7815. [PMID: 34231603 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00884f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a progression of chronic liver disease characterized by excess deposition of fibrillary collagen. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of a triterpenoid-enriched extract (TEE) from bitter melon leaves against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. Male ICR mice received TEE (100 or 150 mg kg-1) by daily oral gavage for one week before starting CCl4 administration and throughout the entire experimental period. After intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 for nine weeks, serum and liver tissues of the mice were collected for biochemical, histopathological and molecular analyses. Our results showed that TEE supplementation reduced CCl4-induced serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. Histopathological examinations revealed that CCl4 administration results in hepatic fibrosis, while TEE supplementation significantly suppressed hepatic necroinflammation and collagen deposition. In addition, TEE supplementation decreased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive staining and protein levels of α-SMA and transforming growth factor-β1. TEE-supplemented mice had lower mRNA expression levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and toll-like receptor 4. Moreover, TEE (150 mg kg-1) supplementation significantly reduced intrahepatic inflammatory Ly6C+ monocyte infiltration. We demonstrated that TEE could ameliorate hepatic fibrosis by regulating inflammatory cytokine secretion and α-SMA expression in the liver to reduce collagen accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Chang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei 104, Taiwan
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28
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Elkhamesy A, Refaat M, Gouida MSO, Alrdahe SS, Youssef MM. Diminished CCl 4 -induced hepatocellular carcinoma, oxidative stress, and apoptosis by co-administration of curcumin or selenium in mice. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13845. [PMID: 34231234 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal disease, and in HCC advanced stages, there is limited therapeutic efficacy. HCC results in a complication of fibrosis or cirrhosis. In this study, the protective effect of curcumin and selenium versus hepatocellular carcinoma caused by CCl4 in experimental animals was investigated. In all, 70 mice were divided into seven groups to study the effect of curcumin and selenium on CCl4 -induced hepatocellular carcinoma. After treatment time, different animal groups were sacrificed, serum and liver samples were collected and processed for assay of biochemical and molecular parameters. Our results showed that CCl4 administration induced various alterations such as significant elevation in the serum levels of ALT, AST, and hepatic contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), and depletion in the levels of antioxidant parameters. CCl4 induced apoptosis in the hepatic cells indicated by an increased level of p53, CD4, CD8, Bax, and Annexin V/PI in addition to significant decrease in the level of Bcl-2. Administration of curcumin and selenium restored this abnormal variation in these biochemical parameters to normal values. Our study addressed that curcumin or selenium may be helpful in the protection against liver damage induced by CCl4 . The hepatoprotective impact of curcumin or selenium might be mediated primarily by its potent antioxidant activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranked third common cause of death, primary liver cancer. Exposure to CCl4 was found to induce significant hepatotoxicity, characterized by fibrosis, bile duct proliferation, cirrhosis, and reduced hepatic function The work was prepared to investigate the protecting capacity of curcumin, selenium alone, and in combination against HCC induced by CCl4 in the experimental animal model. This study proved the protective effect of curcumin and selenium, alone and in combination with each other, where curcumin showed multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation and antioxidant, and have an essential role in inhibiting the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Elkhamesy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Manar Refaat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mona S O Gouida
- Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Children Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Salma S Alrdahe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy M Youssef
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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29
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Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and ALOX12 and NF-κB Pathways Contribute to the Protective Effect of Baicalein on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060976. [PMID: 34207230 PMCID: PMC8235740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the protective effect of baicalein on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Mice were orally administrated baicalein at 25 and 100 mg/kg/day for 7 consecutive days or ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) at 10 mg/kg was i.p. injected in mice at 2 and 24 h prior to CCl4 injection or the vehicle. Our results showed that baicalein or Fer-1 supplementation significantly attenuated CCl4 exposure-induced elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde levels in the liver tissues and unregulated glutathione levels. Baicalein treatment inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway, activated the erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway in liver tissues, and markedly improved CCl4-induced apoptosis, inflammation and ferroptosis in liver tissues exposed with CCl4. In vitro, baicalein treatment improved CCl4 -induced decreases of cell viabilities and knockdown of Nrf2 and arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) genes partly abolished the protective effect of baicalein on CCl4 -induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our results reveal that baicalein supplementation ameliorates CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice by upregulating the antioxidant defense pathways and downregulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and ferroptosis, which involved the activation of Nrf2 pathway and the inhibition of ALOX12 and NF-κB pathways.
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Novel Antioxidant, Deethylated Ethoxyquin, Protects against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010122. [PMID: 33467773 PMCID: PMC7829797 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and an increase in antioxidant responses mediated by oxidative stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury (ALI). We utilized in silico prediction of biological activity spectra for substances (PASS) analysis to estimate the potential biological activity profile of deethylated ethoxyquin (DEQ) and hypothesized that DEQ exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced ALI. Our results demonstrate that DEQ improved liver function which was indicated by the reduction of histopathological liver changes. Treatment with DEQ reduced CCl4-induced elevation of gene expression, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (AEs), as well as the expression of transcription factors Nfe2l2 and Nfkb2. Furthermore, DEQ treatment inhibited apoptosis, downregulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tnf and Il6), cyclooxygenase 2 (Ptgs2), decreased glutathione (GSH) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in rats with ALI. Notably, DEQ treatment led to an inhibition of CCl4-induced NLRP3-inflammasome activation which was indicated by the reduced protein expression of IL-1β, caspase-1, and NLRP3 in the liver. Our data suggest that DEQ has a hepatoprotective effect mediated by redox-homeostasis regulation, NLRP3 inflammasome, and apoptosis inhibition, which makes that compound a promising candidate for future clinical studies.
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Antioxidant Capacity-Related Preventive Effects of Shoumei (Slightly Fermented Camellia sinensis) Polyphenols against Hepatic Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9329356. [PMID: 32922655 PMCID: PMC7453255 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9329356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Shoumei is a kind of white tea (slightly fermented Camellia sinensis) that is rich in polyphenols. In this study, polyphenols were extracted from Shoumei. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the polyphenols included mainly gallic acid, catechin, hyperoside, and sulfuretin. In an in vitro experiment, H2O2 was used to induce oxidative damage in human normal hepatic L-02 cells. In an animal experiment, CCl4 was used to induce liver injury. The in vitro results showed that Shoumei polyphenols inhibited oxidative damage in normal hepatic L-02 cells, and the in vivo results showed that the polyphenols effectively reduced liver index values in mice with liver injury. The polyphenols also decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 12 (IL-12), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels and increased albumin (ALB), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in the serum of mice with liver injury. Furthermore, pathological observation showed that the Shoumei polyphenols reduced CCl4-induced hepatocyte damage. qRT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the polyphenols upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), manganese- (Mn-) SOD, copper/zinc- (Cu/Zn-) SOD, CAT, and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) alpha (IκB-α) and downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NF-κB p65. The Shoumei polyphenols had a preventive effect against CCl4-induced mouse liver injury equivalent to that of silymarin. The four polyphenols identified as the key substances responsible for this effect mediated the effect through their antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that Shoumei polyphenols are high-quality natural products with liver-protective effects.
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Dey P. The role of gut microbiome in chemical-induced metabolic and toxicological murine disease models. Life Sci 2020; 258:118172. [PMID: 32738359 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of gut microbiome in human health and disease is well established. While evidence-based pharmacological studies utilize a variety of chemical-induced metabolic and toxicological disease models that in part recapitulate the natural mode of disease pathogenesis, the mode of actions of these disease models are likely underexplored. Conventionally, the mechanistic principles of these disease models are established as direct tissue toxicity through redox imbalance and pro-inflammatory injury. However, emerging evidences suggest that the mode of action of these chemicals could be largely associated with changes in gut microbial populations, diversity and metabolic functions, affecting pathological changes along the gut-liver and gut-pancreas axis. Especially in these disease models, reversal of disease severity or less sensitivity to induced disease pathogenesis has been observed when germ-free or antibiotic-supplemented microbiota-depleted rodents were treated with disease causing chemicals. Thus, by summarizing evidences from in vivo pharmacological interventions, this review revisits the mode of action of carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis, diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and alloxan- and streptozotocin-induced diabetes through the light of gut microbiota. How changes in gut microbiome affects tissue-level toxicity likely through intestinal-level mechanisms like gastrointestinal inflammation and gut barrier dysfunction has also been discussed. Additionally, this review discusses potential pitfalls of inconsistent experimental models that precludes defining the gut microbial effects in evidence-based pharmacology. Collectively, this review emphasizes the underexplored role of microbial intervention in experimental pharmacology and aims to provide direction towards redefining and establishing microbiome-centric alternative mode of action of chemical-induced metabolic and toxicological disease models in pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Fu S. MicroRNA‑17 contributes to the suppression of the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide‑induced acute lung injury in mice via targeting the toll‑like receptor 4/nuclear factor‑κB pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:131-140. [PMID: 32626914 PMCID: PMC7255461 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common lung disease with a high mortality rate, which is characterized by an excessive uncontrolled inflammatory response. MicroRNA (miR)-17 has previously emerged as a novel regulatory molecule of inflammatory response in various complex diseases; however, the anti-inflammatory action and associated molecular mechanisms of miR-17 in ALI have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of miR-17 in the inflammatory response in ALI and to elucidate the potential underlying mechanism. Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mouse model, it was observed that miR-17 was significantly downregulated in lung tissues compared with the control group. In this model, ectopic expression of miR-17 attenuated lung pathological damage, reduced lung wet/dry ratio and lung permeability, and increased survival rate in ALI mice. In addition, agomiR-17 injection significantly suppressed LPS-induced inflammation, as evidenced by a reduction in the activity of myeloperoxidase and the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in lung tissues. Of note, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, an upstream regulator of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB inflammatory signaling pathway, was directly targeted by miR-17, and its translation was suppressed by miR-17 in vitro and in vivo. Using an LPS-induced RAW264.1 macrophage injury model, it was observed that miR-17 overexpression suppressed the pro-inflammatory effect of LPS, while these inhibitory effects were markedly abrogated by TLR4 overexpression. In addition, TLR4 knockdown by si-TLR4 mimicked the effects of miR-17 overexpression on LPS-induced cytokine secretion in the in vitro model. Further experiments revealed that miR-17 significantly reduced the expression of key proteins in the NF-κB pathway, including IKKβ, p-IκBα and nuclear p-p65, and suppressed the NF-κB activity in ALI mice. Collectively, these results indicated that miR-17 protected mice against LPS-induced lung injury via inhibiting inflammation by targeting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway; therefore, miR-17 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Fu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Kuang G, Wan J, Jiang R, Ma L, Gong X, Liu X. Salidroside protects mice against CCl4-induced acute liver injury via down-regulating CYP2E1 expression and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106662. [PMID: 32544869 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Salidroside (Sal), a natural phenolic compound isolated from Rhodiola sachalinensis, has been utilized as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant for centuries, however, its effects against liver injury and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of Sal on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with Sal before CCl4 injection, the serum and liver tissue were collected to evaluate liver damage and molecular indices. The results showed that Sal pretreatment dose-dependently attenuated CCl4-induced acute liver injury, as indicated by lowering the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and inhibiting hepatic pathological damage and apoptosis. In addition, Sal alleviated CCl4-primed oxidative stress and inflammatory response by restoring hepatic glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inhibiting cytokines. Finally, Sal also down-regulated the expression of cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in the liver of mice by CCl4. Our study demonstrates that Sal exerts its hepatoprotective effects on ALI through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which might be mediated by down-regulating CYP2E1 expression and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ge Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- The Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.
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Tang B, Lo HH, Lei C, U KI, Hsiao WLW, Guo X, Bai J, Wong VKW, Law BYK. Adjuvant herbal therapy for targeting susceptibility genes to Kawasaki disease: An overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of Kawasaki disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 70:153208. [PMID: 32283413 PMCID: PMC7118492 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is a self-limiting acute systemic vasculitis occur mainly in infants and young children under 5 years old. Although the use of acetylsalicylic acid (AAS) in combination with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) remains the standard therapy to KD, the etiology, genetic susceptibility genes and pathogenic factors of KD are still un-elucidated. PURPOSE Current obstacles in the treatment of KD include the lack of standard clinical and genetic markers for early diagnosis, possible severe side effect of AAS (Reye's syndrome), and the refractory KD cases with resistance to IVIG therapy, therefore, this review has focused on introducing the current advances in the identification of genetic susceptibility genes, environmental factors, diagnostic markers and adjuvant pharmacological intervention for KD. RESULTS With an overall update in the development of KD from different aspects, our current bioinformatics data has suggested CASP3, CD40 and TLR4 as the possible pathogenic factors or diagnostic markers of KD. Besides, a list of herbal medicines which may work as the adjunct therapy for KD via targeting different proposed molecular targets of KD have also been summarized. CONCLUSION With the aid of modern pharmacological research and technology, it is anticipated that novel therapeutic remedies, especially active herbal chemicals targeting precise clinical markers of KD could be developed for accurate diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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Key Words
- AAS, acetylsalicylic acid
- AHA, the American Heart Association
- Adjuvant therapy
- C IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin
- CALs, coronary artery lesions
- CASP, caspase
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- DAVID, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery
- Diagnostic marker
- Epidemiology
- FCGR2A, Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G, low-affinity IIa
- GWAS, genome-wide association method
- HAdV, the human adenovirus
- Herbal chemicals
- IL, Interleukin
- ITPKC, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate 3-kinase
- KD, Kawasaki disease
- Kawasaki disease
- MyD88, myeloid differentiation factor 88
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- RS, Reye's syndrome
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- Susceptibility genes
- TCMs, traditional Chinese medicines
- TLR4, toll-like receptor 4
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Th, T helper
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Hang Hong Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Cheng Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ka In U
- Department of Pediatrics, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wen-Luan Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jun Bai
- South Medical University Affiliated Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Vincent Kam-Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Ben Hsouna A, Dhibi S, Dhifi W, Ben Saad R, Brini F, Hfaidh N, Almeida JRGDS, Mnif W. Lobularia maritima leave extract, a nutraceutical agent with antioxidant activity, protects against CCl4-induced liver injury in mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:604-616. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1742730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ben Hsouna
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sabah Dhibi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Wissal Dhifi
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Alimentation and Biomolecules, PAB, LR17ES03, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, BiotechPole of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faical Brini
- Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najla Hfaidh
- Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | | | - Wissem Mnif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts in Balgarn, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-GeoRessources, BVBGR, LR11ES31, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, BiotechPole of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
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Yang M, Sun F, Zhou Y, He M, Yao P, Peng Y, Luo F, Liu F. Preventive effect of lemon seed flavonoids on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12800-12809. [PMID: 35492116 PMCID: PMC9051252 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01415j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the preventive effect of lemon seed flavonoids (LSF) on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. Liver injury was induced by injection with 2 mL kg-1 of carbon tetrachloride after administration of LSF by gavage. Liver index, serological parameters, and expression intensities of related mRNA and protein in the liver tissue were observed. The results indicated that LSF reduced liver weight and liver index, downregulated serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, TG, TC, BUN, NO, and MDA, and upregulated levels of ALB, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in the mice with liver injury. It also downregulated serum cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in these mice. qPCR and western blot confirmed that LSF upregulated mRNA and protein expression of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and IκB-α, and downregulated expression of NF-κB-p65, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the liver tissue of mice with liver injury. The preventive effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury was attributed to (-)-epigallocatechin, caffeic acid, (-)-epicatechin, vitexin, quercetin, and hesperidin, which were active substances that were detected in LSF by HPLC. Moreover, the effect of LSF is similar to that of silymarin, but the synergistic effect of the five active substances working in concert acted to produce a more robust liver-protecting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Pu Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
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Liu T, Tan F, Long X, Pan Y, Mu J, Zhou X, Yi R, Zhao X. Improvement Effect of Lotus Leaf Flavonoids on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E41. [PMID: 32102401 PMCID: PMC7169453 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of lotus leaf flavonoids (LLF) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in mice was studied. CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally to induce liver injury in Kunming mice. Mice were treated with LLF by gavage, and the mRNA expression levels in serum and liver were detected. Compared with the model group, LLF significantly reduced the liver index and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels in mice with CCl4-induced liver injury. Pathological observation showed that LLF effectively reduced morphological incompleteness and hepatocyte necrosis in CCl4-treated liver tissue. The result of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) indicated that LLF significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), and catalase (CAT) and down- regulated the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (p < 0.05). Thus, LLF is an active ingredient that ameliorates liver injury, and it has good application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongji Liu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela 838, Philippines;
| | - Xingyao Long
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Yanni Pan
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jianfei Mu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Runkun Yi
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; (T.L.); (X.L.); (Y.P.); (J.M.); (X.Z.)
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
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Isolation and Identification of Lactobacillus plantarum HFY05 from Natural Fermented Yak Yogurt and Its Effect on Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110530. [PMID: 31694208 PMCID: PMC6920879 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Yak yogurt is a type of naturally fermented dairy product prepared by herdsmen in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is rich in microorganisms. In this study, a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was isolated and identified from yak yogurt in Hongyuan, Sichuan Province and named Lactobacillus plantarum HFY05 (LP-HFY05). LP-HFY05 was compared with a common commercial strain of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (LDSB). LP-HFY05 showed better anti-artificial gastric acid and bile salt effects than LDSB in in vitro experiments, indicating its potential as a probiotic. In animal experiments, long-term alcohol gavage induced alcoholic liver injury. LP-HFY05 effectively reduced the liver index of mice with liver injury, downregulated the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, nitric oxide, and MDA and upregulated the levels of albumin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase in the serum of liver-injured mice. LP-HFY05 also reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma in the serum of liver-injured mice. The pathological observations showed that LP-HFY05 reduced the damage to liver cells caused by alcohol. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays further showed that LP-HFY05 upregulated neuronal nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, manganese-SOD, cuprozinc-SOD, CAT, and inhibitor of κB-α mRNA and protein expression and downregulated the expression of nuclear factor-κB-p65 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the livers of liver-injured mice. A fecal analysis revealed that LP-HFY05 regulated the microbial content in the intestinal tract of mice with liver injury, increased the content of beneficial bacteria, including Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus and reduced the content of harmful bacteria, including Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae, thus, regulating intestinal microorganisms to protect against liver injury. The effect of LP-HFY05 on liver-injured mice was better than that of LDSB, and the effect was similar to that of silymarin. LP-HFY05 is a high-quality microbial strain with a liver protective effect on experimental mice with alcoholic liver injury.
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White Peony (Fermented Camellia sinensis) Polyphenols Help Prevent Alcoholic Liver Injury via Antioxidation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110524. [PMID: 31683564 PMCID: PMC6912415 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
White peony is a type of white tea (Camellia sinensis) rich in polyphenols. In this study, polyphenols were extracted from white peony. In vitro experiments showed that white peony polyphenols (WPPs) possess strong free radical scavenging capabilities toward 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Long-term alcohol gavage was used to induce alcoholic liver injury in mice, and relevant indices of liver injury were examined. WPPs effectively reduced the liver indices of mice with liver injury. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ATS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were downregulated, while those of albumin (ALB), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were upregulated. WPPs also reduced the serum levels of interluekin-6 (IL-6), interluekin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in mice with liver injury. Pathology results showed that WPPs reduced alcohol-induced liver cell damage. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot results revealed that WPPs upregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), cupro–zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), and CAT and downregulated iNOS expression in the liver of mice with liver injury. WPPs protected against alcoholic liver injury, and this effect was equivalent to that of silymarin. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that WPPs mainly contained the polyphenols gallic acid, catechinic acid, and hyperoside, which are critical for exerting preventive effects against alcoholic liver injury. Thus, WPPs are high-quality natural products with liver protective effects.
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