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Gou F, Cai F, Li X, Lin Q, Zhu J, Yu M, Chen S, Lu J, Hu C. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes involve in oxidative stress-induced intestinal barrier injury and mitochondrial dysfunction under diquat exposing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:3906-3919. [PMID: 38567716 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Many factors induced by environmental toxicants have made oxidative stress a risk factor for the intestinal barrier injury and growth restriction, which is serious health threat for human and livestock and induces significant economic loss. It is well-known that diquat-induced oxidative stress is implicated in the intestinal barrier injury. Although some studies have shown that mitochondria are the primary target organelle of diquat, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Recently, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) have aroused increasing concerns among scholars, which participate in mitochondrial dynamics and signal transduction. In this study, we investigated whether MAMs involved in intestinal barrier injury and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diquat-induced oxidative stress in piglets and porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells). The results showed that diquat induced growth restriction and impaired intestinal barrier. The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased and mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased following diquat exposure. The ultrastructure of mitochondria and MAMs was also disturbed. Meanwhile, diquat upregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress marker protein and activated PERK pathway. Furthermore, loosening MAMs alleviated intestinal barrier injury, decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diquat in IPEC-J2 cells, while tightening MAMs exacerbated diquat-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggested that MAMs may be associated with the intestinal barrier injury and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diquat in the jejunum of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Gou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengzhou Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaokui Chen
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
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Li X, Gou F, Zhu J, Lin Q, Yu M, Tu X, Hong Q, Hu C. Deoxynivalenol induced intestinal barrier injury, mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium overload by inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs)-mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) calcium axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169729. [PMID: 38160839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination is widespread in crops and could easily cause intestinal injury, which brings hazards to animals. Mitochondria are considered as an important target of DON, nevertheless, the mechanism is still unclear. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) have gained arousing interest and are recognized as critical signaling hubs that control calcium signaling transduction between ER and mitochondria. This study aims to investigate the effects of DON on intestinal barrier, mitochondria, MAMs and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs)-mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) calcium axis in piglets and porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Furthermore, inhibition of IP3Rs or MCU was used to explore whether IP3Rs-MCU axis of MAMs was involved in the mitochondria dysfunction and intestinal epithelium barrier injury induced by DON in IPEC-J2. The data showed that DON induced intestinal barrier injury, mitochondrial dysfunction and ERS in piglets' jejunum and IPEC-J2. Moreover, DON increased MAMs by upregulating the protein level of Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), increasing the percentage of mitochondria with MAMs/total mitochondria and the ratio of MAMs length/mitochondrial perimeter and shortening the distance between mitochondria and ER of MAMs. Importantly, DON influenced IP3Rs-glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75)-voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1)-MCU calcium axis by increasing the protein levels of GRP75 and MCU and the interaction of VDAC1-GRP75-IP3Rs complex, which in turn induced mitochondrial calcium overload. Furthermore, inhibition of IP3Rs or MCU alleviated DON-induced intestinal epithelium barrier injury, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial calcium overload of IPEC-J2. The current investigation proposed that DON induced intestinal injury, mitochondrial dysfunction and calcium overload via IP3Rs-GRP75-VDAC1-MCU calcium axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feiyang Gou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qian Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minjie Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaodian Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qihua Hong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, China.
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Azimi Zangabad E, Shomali T, Roshangar L. Effects of pharmacological doses of niacin on subacute glucocorticoid-induced testicular damage in rats. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01128. [PMID: 37589322 PMCID: PMC10433454 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid excess adversely affects male reproduction. This study evaluates effects of pharmacological doses of niacin on testicular structure and function in dexamethasone-treated rats. Adult rats (48) were randomly assigned to 6 equal groups: (1) Negative control (NC): normal rats; (2) Positive control (PC): dexamethasone at 7 mg/kg/day by intraperitoneal injections for 7 days; groups 3-6 (N50, N100, N200, and N400): dexamethasone and concomitant treatment with niacin at 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day by oral gavages. Testicular weight and volume of PC rats were significantly lower than the NC group (p < .05). Testicular volume of rats in the N50 and N200 groups was statistically similar to the NC group. Significant decreases in serum testosterone with a slight LH increase were detected in the PC group. Nacin at 50 mg/kg reversed serum testosterone to NC levels and increased serum LH concentration. Niacin only slightly increased epididymal spermatozoa number while all groups of niacin-treated rats had significantly higher percentages of motile spermatozoa compared with the PC group. Hypospermatogenesis, germ cell degeneration and depletion, epithelial vacuolization, and degenerated Leydig cells were observed in PC rats. Lesions were relatively milder in niacin-treated rats. Johnsen scores were also significantly higher in niacin-treated rats. Niacin reduced apoptosis as shown by TUNEL assay. In conclusion, niacin administration at pharmacological doses dose-dependently ameliorates the destructive effects of dexamethasone on sperm motility, Johnsen score, and testicular cell apoptosis in rats with the latter can be considered a decisive mechanism for its positive effects on testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Azimi Zangabad
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Tahoora Shomali
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - L. Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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Li X, Gou F, Xiao K, Zhu J, Lin Q, Yu M, Hong Q, Hu C. Effects of DON on Mitochondrial Function, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Contact Sites in the Jejunum of Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13234-13243. [PMID: 37643317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has emphasized the significance of investigating the interplay between organelles, with endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria contact sites (ERMCSs) being recognized as critical signaling hubs between organelles. The objective of the current study was to assess the impact of deoxynivalenol (DON) on jejunal mitochondria, ER, and ERMCSs. Twelve piglets (35 d, 10.22 ± 0.35 kg) were randomized into two groups: control group, basal diet; the DON group, basal diet + 1.5 mg/kg DON. The findings revealed that DON decreased growth performance, induced jejunal oxidative stress, and impaired jejunal barrier function. DON was also found to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the piglets' jejunum, and activate mitochondrial and ER apoptosis pathways by upregulating apoptosis-related proteins (Caspase-8, Caspase-12, Bax, and CHOP). To investigate the involvement of ERMCSs in DON-induced intestinal injury, we measured the protein levels of ERMCS proteins, such as mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), and glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) and Pearson's correlation coefficient of ERMCS proteins and ERMCS ultrastructure. Our finding showed that DON upregulated the protein level of Mfn2 and GRP75 and increased the percentage of mitochondria with ERMCSs/total mitochondria, the length of ERMCSs compared to the perimeter of mitochondria, and the Pearson's correlation coefficient of voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) in piglets' jejunum. Furthermore, DON shortened the distance between mitochondria and ER at ERMCSs. These findings suggested that DON impaired mitochondrial function, triggered ERS, and increased ERMCSs, indicating that the increased ERMCSs could be related to mitochondrial dysfunction and ERS involved in the intestinal injury of piglets induced by DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feiyang Gou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Minjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qihua Hong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Kaur J, Singh DP, Kumar V, Kaur S, Bhunia RK, Kondepudi KK, Kuhad A, Bishnoi M. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) based polypharmacological combination stimulates energy expending phenotype to reverse HFD-induced obesity in mice. Life Sci 2023; 324:121704. [PMID: 37075945 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Obesity is a worldwide epidemic leading to decreased quality of life, higher medical expenses and significant morbidity. Enhancing energy expenditure and substrate utilization in adipose tissues through dietary constituents and polypharmacological approaches is gaining importance for the prevention and therapeutics of obesity. An important factor in this regard is Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channel modulation and resultant activation of "brite" phenotype. Various dietary TRP channel agonists like capsaicin (TRPV1), cinnamaldehyde (TRPA1), and menthol (TRPM8) have shown anti-obesity effects, individually and in combination. We aimed to determine the therapeutic potential of such combination of sub-effective doses of these agents against diet-induced obesity, and explore the involved cellular processes. KEY FINDINGS The combination of sub-effective doses of capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde and menthol induced "brite" phenotype in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells and subcutaneous white adipose tissue of HFD-fed obese mice. The intervention prevented adipose tissue hypertrophy and weight gain, enhanced the thermogenic potential, mitochondrial biogenesis and overall activation of brown adipose tissue. These changes observed in vitro as well as in vivo, were linked to increased phosphorylation of kinases, AMPK and ERK. In the liver, the combination treatment enhanced insulin sensitivity, improved gluconeogenic potential and lipolysis, prevented fatty acid accumulation and enhanced glucose utilization. SIGNIFICANCE We report on the discovery of therapeutic potential of TRP-based dietary triagonist combination against HFD-induced abnormalities in metabolic tissues. Our findings indicate that a common central mechanism may affect multiple peripheral tissues. This study opens up avenues of development of therapeutic functional foods for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Kaur
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India; University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Dhirendra Pratap Singh
- Neurotoxicology and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Division of Biological Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380016, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Simranjit Kaur
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- TR(i)P for Health Laboratory, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Department of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Knowledge City-Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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Tao J, Guo P, Lai H, Peng H, Guo Z, Yuan Y, Yu X, Shen X, Liu J, Xier Z, Li G, Yang Y. TXLNG improves insulin resistance in obese subjects in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting ATF4 transcriptional activity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 568-569:111928. [PMID: 37028586 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity contributes to insulin resistance and dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells. Insulin promotes 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and facilitates glucose entry into muscle, adipose, and other tissues. In this study, differential gene expression was analyzed using four datasets, and taxilin gamma (TXLNG) was the only shared downregulated gene in all four datasets. TXLNG expression was significantly reduced in obese subjects according to online datasets and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin-resistant (IR) mice according to experimental investigations. TXLNG overexpression significantly improved IR induced by HFD in mouse models by reducing body weight and epididymal adipose weight, decreasing mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and reducing adipocyte size. High-glucose/high-insulin-stimulated adipocytes exhibited decreased TXLNG and increased signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). IR significantly decreased glucose uptake, cell surface glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) levels, and Akt phosphorylation, while increasing the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in adipocytes. However, these changes were significantly reversed by TXLNG overexpression, while they were exacerbated by TXLNG knockdown. TXLNG overexpression had no effect on ATF4 protein levels, while ATF4 overexpression increased ATF4 protein levels. Furthermore, ATF4 overexpression notably abolished the improvements in IR adipocyte dysfunction caused by TXLNG overexpression. In conclusion, TXLNG improves IR in obese subjects in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting ATF4 transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, No. 91 Tianchi Road, 830000, China
| | - Peipei Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, No. 91 Tianchi Road, 830000, China
| | - Hongmei Lai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, No. 91 Tianchi Road, 830000, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, No. 91 Tianchi Road, 830000, China
| | - Zitong Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, No. 91 Tianchi Road, 830000, China
| | - Yujuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, No. 91 Tianchi Road, 830000, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, No. 91 Tianchi Road, 830000, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, No. 91 Tianchi Road, 830000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, No. 91 Tianchi Road, 830000, China
| | - Zulipiyemu Xier
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, No. 91 Tianchi Road, 830000, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, No. 91 Tianchi Road, 830000, China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang, No. 91 Tianchi Road, 830000, China.
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Sex-related difference of association of mitochondrial DNA copy number with PTSD in U.S. service members. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 159:1-5. [PMID: 36652751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gender differences in the lifetime prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been well described with rates reported as approximately 10%-12% in females and 5%-6% in males (Olff, 2017). This study examined whether the sex-related difference of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), an emerging systemic index of mitochondrial biogenesis and function can serve as a potential biomarker for PTSD. Leukocyte mtDNAcn of service members with PTSD (male = 127, female = 24) or without PTSD (male = 621, female = 78) was assessed using a TaqMan assay. The results were validated by the absolute quantification of QX-200 droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). PTSD symptoms and symptom severity were assessed using the PTSD Checklist (PCL), a 17-item, DSM-based, self-report questionnaire with well-established validity and reliability. DSM-IV criteria and PTSD were determined by PCL total score. We found that mtDNAcn of female subjects with PTSD was significantly higher compared to either male or female non-PTSD controls or male subjects with PTSD (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in mtDNAcn between males with PTSD and male/female controls without PTSD. Using in vitro cultured SH-SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma), we demonstrated that estrogen (Estro) treatment significantly decreased mtDNAcn (P < 0.001) compared to the vehicle control. We also found that pre-treatment with either synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) or Estro blocker tamoxifen (Tamox) attenuated the estrogen-induced decreases of mtDNAcn. Our data suggest that mtDNAcn may be gender-dependent in the Servicemembers with PTSD. Glucocorticoid and/or estrogen receptors may play a role in the regulation of mtDNAcn. The sex-related difference of mtDNAcn may serve as a PTSD biomarker for females.
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8
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Luan G, Li L, Yue H, Li Y, Lü H, Wang Y. Phenols from Potentilla anserina L. Improve Insulin Sensitivity and Inhibit Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes in Vitro. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200784. [PMID: 36717756 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Potentilla anserina L., a well-known perennial herb, is widely used in traditional Tibetan medicine and used as a delicious food in humans. The present investigation reports on the activity of P. anserina phenols (PAP) in regulating glycolipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Insulin sensitivity tests showed that PAP improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by promoting the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase Akt. Moreover, an assay involving the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes demonstrated that PAP also decreased the accumulation of lipid droplets by suppressing the expression of adipokines during the differentiation process. In addition, the underlying mechanism from the aspects of energy metabolism and oxidative stress is also discussed. The improvement in energy metabolism was supported by an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and intracellular ATP. Amelioration of oxidative stress was supported by decreased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In summary, our findings suggest that PAP can ameliorate the disorder of glycolipid metabolism in insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes by improving energy metabolism and oxidative stress and might be an attractive candidate for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxiang Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Linlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Hongxia Yue
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Huiling Lü
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China
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9
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Motafeghi F, Mortazavi P, Ghassemi-Barghi N, Zahedi M, Shokrzadeh M. Dexamethasone as an anti-cancer or hepatotoxic. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:161-171. [PMID: 35866224 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The linkage between inflammation and oxidative stress in liver damage has been proven and is undeniable; dexamethasone with some antioxidants can reduce the toxicity of liver tissue. Due to the importance of cancer treatment, glucocorticoids' synergistic effect in inhibiting cancer cell growth is also investigated. Dexamethasone alone and combined with etoposide were tested at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 μM to evaluate the potency of dexamethasone in inhibiting the growth of A549 cells using oxidative stress factors and DNA damage. Also, intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone in rats was used to induce liver toxicity. Coenzyme Q10 at different concentrations (1, 10, and 50 mg/kg) was used as an antioxidant to assess the oxidative stress factors and measure Caspase-3 activity. The results showed that dexamethasone combined with etoposide could significantly inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis. Treatment of A549 cells using dexamethasone also inhibits cancer cells' growth by inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage. Dexamethasone also, by inducing oxidative stress and activation of caspase 3, ultimately causes hepatotoxicity. Treatment with different concentrations of CoQ10 showed improved mitochondrial function, antioxidant defense, and liver enzyme. The best effect of coenzyme Q10 on dexamethasone-induced hepatotoxicity is 50 mg/kg. As a result, dexamethasone (alone and combined with etoposide) has an anti-cancer effect by damaging DNA and inducing oxidative stress. Also, CoQ10 has antioxidant effects against dexamethasone-induced hepatotoxicity by improving mitochondrial function and reducing caspase-3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Motafeghi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Parham Mortazavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ghassemi-Barghi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zahedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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10
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Tai J, Shin JM, Park J, Han M, Kim TH. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010195. [PMID: 36671057 PMCID: PMC9854928 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the body's antioxidant defense system. It plays an important role in the regulation of the immune response and can be a pathogenic factor in various diseases. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a complex and heterogeneous disease with various phenotypes and endotypes. Recently, an increasing number of studies have proposed that oxidative stress (caused by both environmental and intrinsic stimuli) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and persistence of CRS. This has attracted the attention of several researchers. The relationship between the presence of reactive oxygen species composed of free radicals and nasal polyp pathology is a key topic receiving attention. This article reviews the role of oxidative stress in respiratory diseases, particularly CRS, and introduces potential therapeutic antioxidants that may offer targeted treatment for CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhu Tai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Munsoo Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Mucosal Immunology Institute, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Mucosal Immunology Institute, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-920-5486
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11
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Mitre-Aguilar IB, Moreno-Mitre D, Melendez-Zajgla J, Maldonado V, Jacobo-Herrera NJ, Ramirez-Gonzalez V, Mendoza-Almanza G. The Role of Glucocorticoids in Breast Cancer Therapy. Curr Oncol 2022; 30:298-314. [PMID: 36661673 PMCID: PMC9858160 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive steroid molecules secreted by the adrenal gland and regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. GCs present a circadian release pattern under normal conditions; they increase their release under stress conditions. Their mechanism of action can be via the receptor-independent or receptor-dependent pathway. The receptor-dependent pathway translocates to the nucleus, where the ligand-receptor complex binds to specific sequences in the DNA to modulate the transcription of specific genes. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and its endogenous ligand cortisol (CORT) in humans, and corticosterone in rodents or its exogenous ligand, dexamethasone (DEX), have been extensively studied in breast cancer. Its clinical utility in oncology has mainly focused on using DEX as an antiemetic to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In this review, we compile the results reported in the literature in recent years, highlighting current trends and unresolved controversies in this field. Specifically, in breast cancer, GR is considered a marker of poor prognosis, and a therapeutic target for the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype, and efforts are being made to develop better GR antagonists with fewer side effects. It is necessary to know the type of breast cancer to differentiate the treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, ER-negative, and TNBC, to implement therapies that include the use of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma B. Mitre-Aguilar
- Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Moreno-Mitre
- Centro de Desarrollo de Destrezas Médicas (CEDDEM), Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
- Laboratorio de Genomica Funcional del Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Vilma Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Epigenetica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Nadia J. Jacobo-Herrera
- Unidad de Bioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Victoria Ramirez-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Cirugía-Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gretel Mendoza-Almanza
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Laboratorio de Epigenetica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
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12
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Sun J, Leng P, Li X, Guo Q, Zhao J, Liang Y, Zhang X, Yang X, Li J. Salvianolic acid A promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through regulation of the AMPK-PGC1α signalling pathway. Adipocyte 2022; 11:562-571. [PMID: 36053001 PMCID: PMC9450893 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2116790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Decreased mitochondrial abundance and function were found in white adipose tissue (WAT) of T2DM patients. Therefore, promoting WAT mitochondrial biogenesis and improving adipocyte metabolism may be strategies to prevent and reverse T2DM. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) has been found to exert anti-diabetic and lipid disorder-improving effects. However whether SAA benefits mitochondrial biogenesis and function in adipose tissue is unclear. Here, we evaluated SAA's effect on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and investigated its potential regulatory mechanism. Results showed that SAA treatment significantly promoted the transcription and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator- 1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Meanwhile, SAA treatment significantly promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) quantity, mitochondrial mass, and expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complexes III and complex IV. These enhancements were accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC and were suppressed by Compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor. Furthermore, SAA treatment improved adipocytes mitochondrial respiration and stimulated ATP generation. These findings indicate that SAA exerts a potential therapeutic capacity against adipocytes mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes by activating the AMPK-PGC-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,CONTACT Jialin Sun
| | - Ping Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qie Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,Jing Li Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao266003, Shandong, China
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13
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Jiang XL, Tai H, Kuang JS, Zhang JY, Cui SC, Lu YX, Qi SB, Zhang SY, Li SM, Chen JP, Meng XS. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen decoction inhibits mitochondria-dependent granulosa cell apoptosis in a rat model of POF. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8321-8345. [PMID: 36309912 PMCID: PMC9648799 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a widely applied traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen (JPYS) decoction maybe applied in curing premature ovarian failure (POF) besides chronic kidney disease (CKD). In vivo experiments, 40 female SD (8-week-old) rats were randomized into four groups, namely, control group (negative control), POF model group, JPYS treatment group, and triptorelin treatment group (positive control). JPYS group was treated with JPYS decoction (oral, 11 g/kg) for 60 days, and the triptorelin group was treated with triptorelin (injection, 1.5 mg/kg) for 10 days before the administration of cyclophosphamide (CTX) (50 mg/kg body weight) to establish POF model. We examined apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and target gene (ASK1/JNK pathway and mitochondrial fusion/fission) expression. In vitro experiments, the KGN human granulosa cell line was used. Cells were pretreated with CTX (20, 40, and 60 μg/mL) for 24 h, followed by JPYS-containing serum (2, 4, and 8 %) for 24 h. Thereafter, these cells were employed to assess apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and target gene levels of protein and mRNA. In vivo, JPYS alleviated injury and suppressed apoptosis in POF rats. In addition, JPYS improved ovarian function. JPYS inhibit apoptosis of granulosa cells through improving mitochondrial function by activating ASK1/JNK pathway. In vitro, JPYS inhibited KGN cell apoptosis through inhibited ASK1/JNK pathway and improved mitochondrial function. The effects of GS-49977 were similar to those of JPYS. During POF, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the ovary and leads to granulosa cell apoptosis. JPYS decoction improves mitochondrial function and alleviates apoptosis through ASK1/JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth of Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - He Tai
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin-Song Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Chao Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Lu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Chinese Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Bo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Shun-Min Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth of Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Shenyang, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
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14
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Renoprotective effect of Tanshinone IIA against kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in obese rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8302-8320. [DOI: 10.18632/aging.204304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Wu Y, Lan H, Zhang D, Hu Z, Zhang J, Li Z, Xia P, Tang X, Cai X, Yu P. Research progress on ncRNAs regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4112-4131. [PMID: 36125936 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and its complications are major health concerns worldwide that should be routinely monitored for evaluating disease progression. And there is currently much evidence to suggest a critical role for mitochondria in the common pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Mitochondrial dynamics are involved in the development of diabetes through mediating insulin signaling and insulin resistance, and in the development of diabetes and its complications through mediating endothelial impairment and other closely related pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are closely linked to mitochondrial dynamics by regulating the expression of mitochondrial dynamic-associated proteins, or by regulating key proteins in related signaling pathways. Therefore, this review summarizes the research progress on the regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics by ncRNAs in diabetes and its complications, which is a promising area for future antibodies or targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huixin Lan
- Huankui College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyan Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyi Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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16
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Lv Y, Wei C, Zhao B. Study on the mechanism of low shear stress restoring the viability of damaged breast tumor cells. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Tai H, Tong YJ, Yu R, Yu Y, Yao SC, Li LB, Liu Y, Cui XZ, Kuang JS, Meng XS, Jiang XL. A possible new activator of PI3K-Huayu Qutan Recipe alleviates mitochondrial apoptosis in obesity rats with acute myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3423-3445. [PMID: 35567290 PMCID: PMC9189350 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, which has unknown pathogenesis, can increase the frequency and seriousness of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study evaluated effect of Huayu Qutan Recipe (HQR) pretreatment on myocardial apoptosis induced by AMI by regulating mitochondrial function via PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway in rats with obesity. For in vivo experiments, 60 male rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham group, AMI group, AMI (obese) group, 4.5, 9.0 and 18.0 g/kg/d HQR groups. The models fed on HQR with different concentrations for 2 weeks before AMI. For in vitro experiments, the cardiomyocytes line (H9c2) was used. Cells were pretreated with palmitic acid (PA) for 24 h, then to build hypoxia model followed by HQR‐containing serum for 24 h. Related indicators were also detected. In vivo, HQR can lessen pathohistological damage and apoptosis after AMI. In addition, HQR improves blood fat levels, cardiac function, inflammatory factor, the balance of oxidation and antioxidation, as well as lessen infarction in rats with obesity after AMI. Meanwhile, HQR can diminish myocardial cell death by improving mitochondrial function via PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway activation. In vitro, HQR inhibited H9c2 cells apoptosis, improved mitochondrial function and activated the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway, but effects can be peripeteiad by LY294002. Myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction occurs following AMI and can lead to myocardial apoptosis, which can be aggravated by obesity. HQR can relieve myocardial apoptosis by improving mitochondrial function via the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway in rats with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Tai
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Jing Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Science and Technology Branch, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Si-Cheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling-Bing Li
- Department of Graduate School, China PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Zheng Cui
- Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Song Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.,Nephrology Laboratory, The fourth of Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Tan Y, Miao L, Xiao J, Cheang WS. 3,3′,4,5′-Tetramethoxy-trans-stilbene Improves Insulin Resistance by Activating the IRS/PI3K/Akt Pathway and Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2175-2185. [PMID: 35678676 PMCID: PMC9164067 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential anti-diabetic effect of resveratrol derivative, 3,3′,4,5′-tetramethoxy-trans-stilbene (3,3′,4,5′-TMS) and its underlying mechanism in high glucose (HG) and dexamethasone (DXMS)-stimulated insulin-resistant HepG2 cells (IR-HepG2) were investigated. 3,3′,4,5′-TMS did not reduce the cell viability of IR-HepG2 cells at the concentrations of 0.5–10 µM. 3,3′,4,5′-TMS increased the potential of glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner in IR-HepG2 cells. 3,3′,4,5′-TMS ameliorated insulin resistance by enhancing the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), inhibiting phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in IR-HepG2 cells. Furthermore, 3,3′,4,5′-TMS significantly suppressed levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with up-regulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression. To conclude, the beneficial effect of 3,3′,4,5′-TMS against insulin resistance to increase glucose consumption and glycogen synthesis was mediated through activation of IRS/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in the IR-HepG2 cells, accomplished with anti-oxidative activity through up-regulation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Y.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Lingchao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Y.T.); (L.M.)
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (W.S.C.); Tel.: +853-8822-4914 (W.S.C.)
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, China; (Y.T.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (W.S.C.); Tel.: +853-8822-4914 (W.S.C.)
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19
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Sarsenbayeva A, Pereira MJ, Nandi Jui B, Ahmed F, Dipta P, Fanni G, Almby K, Kristófi R, Hetty S, Eriksson JW. Excess glucocorticoid exposure contributes to adipose tissue fibrosis which involves macrophage interaction with adipose precursor cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114976. [PMID: 35202577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to elevated glucocorticoid levels, as seen in patients with Cushing's syndrome, can induce adipose tissue fibrosis. Macrophages play a pivotal role in adipose tissue remodelling. We used the synthetic glucocorticoid analogue dexamethasone to address glucocorticoid effects on adipose tissue fibrosis, in particular involving macrophage to preadipocyte communication. We analysed the direct effects of dexamethasone at a supra-physiological level, 0.3 µM, on gene expression of pro-fibrotic markers in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. The effects of dexamethasone on the differentiation of human SGBS preadipocytes were assessed in the presence or absence of THP1-macrophages or macrophage-conditioned medium. We measured the expression of different pro-fibrotic factors, including α-smooth muscle actin gene (ACTA2) and protein (α-SMA). Dexamethasone increased the expression of pro-fibrotic genes, e.g. CTGF, COL6A3, FN1, in adipose tissue. Macrophages abolished preadipocyte differentiation and increased the expression of the ACTA2 gene and α-SMA protein in preadipocytes after differentiation. Exposure to dexamethasone during differentiation reduced adipogenesis in preadipocytes, and elevated the expression of pro-fibrotic genes. Moreover, dexamethasone added together with macrophages further increased ACTA2 and α-SMA expression in preadipocytes, making them more myofibroblast-like. Cells differentiated in the presence of conditioned media from macrophages pretreated with or without dexamethasone had a higher expression of profibrotic genes compared to control cells. Our data suggest that macrophages promote adipose tissue fibrosis by directly interfering with preadipocyte differentiation and stimulating gene expression of pro-fibrotic factors. Excess glucocorticoid exposure also has pro-fibrotic effect on adipose tissue, but this requires the presence of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assel Sarsenbayeva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bipasha Nandi Jui
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fozia Ahmed
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Priya Dipta
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Almby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin Kristófi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Hetty
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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20
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Low glucose metabolizing capacity and not insulin resistance is primary etiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Wang Y, Yao L, Teng Y, Yin H, Wu Q. PIWIL1 Drives Chemoresistance in Multiple Myeloma by Modulating Mitophagy and the Myeloma Stem Cell Population. Front Oncol 2022; 11:783583. [PMID: 35083142 PMCID: PMC8784391 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important member of the Argonaute protein family, PIWI-like protein 1 (PIWIL1) plays a key role in tumor cell viability. However, the exact function of PIWIL1 in multiple myeloma (MM) and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, we revealed that PIWIL1 was highly expressed in myeloma cell lines and newly diagnosed MM patients, and that its expression was notably higher in refractory/relapsed MM patients. PIWIL1 promoted the proliferation of MM cells and conferred resistance to chemotherapeutic agents both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, PIWIL1 enhanced the formation of autophagosomes, especially mitophagosomes, by disrupting mitochondrial calcium signaling and modulating mitophagy-related canonical PINK1/Parkin pathway protein components. Mitophagy/autophagy inhibitors overcome PIWIL1-induced chemoresistance. In addition, PIWIL1 overexpression increased the proportion of side population (SP) cells and upregulated the expression of the stem cell-associated genes Nanog, OCT4, and SOX2, while its inhibition resulted in opposite effects. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that PIWIL1 induced drug resistance by activating mitophagy and regulating the MM stem cell population. PIWIL1 depletion significantly overcame drug resistance and could be used as a novel therapeutic target for reversing resistance in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Teng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuling Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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22
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Jiang XL, Tai H, Xiao XS, Zhang SY, Cui SC, Qi SB, Hu DD, Zhang LN, Kuang JS, Meng XS, Li SM. Cangfudaotan decoction inhibits mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of granulosa cells in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:962154. [PMID: 36465612 PMCID: PMC9716878 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.962154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a universal endocrine and metabolic disorder prevalent in reproductive aged women. PCOS is often accompanied with insulin resistance (IR) which is an essential pathological factor. Although there is no known cure for PCOS, cangfudaotan (CFDT) decoction is widely used for the treatment of PCOS; nevertheless, the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, 40 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (female) were randomized to 4 groups, namely the control group, PCOS group, PCOS+CFDT group, and PCOS+metformin group. The rats in the control group were fed a normal-fat diet, intraperitoneally injected with 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, 1 mL/kg/d) for 21 days and orally given saline (1 mL/kg/d) for the next 4 weeks. The rats in the PCOS group, PCOS+CFDT group, and PCOS+Metformin group were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneally injected with letrozole (1.0 mg/kg) for 21 days. During this period, we recorded the body weight, estrous cycles, and rate of pregnancy in all rats. We also observed the ovarian ultrastructure. Blood glucose indices, serum hormones, and inflammatory factors were also recorded. Then, we detected apoptotic and mitochondrial function, and observed mitochondria in ovarian granular cells by transmission electron microscopy. We also detected genes of ASK1/JNK pathway at mRNA and protein levels. The results showed that CFDT alleviated pathohistological damnification and apoptosis in PCOS rat model. In addition, CFDT improved ovarian function, reduced inflammatory response, inhibited apoptosis of granular cells, and inhibited the operation of ASK1/JNK pathway. These findings demonstrate the occurrence of ovary mitochondrial dysfunction and granular cell apoptosis in PCOS. CFDT can relieve mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting the ASK1/JNK pathway in PCOS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-lin Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth of Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - He Tai
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liaoning Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuan-si Xiao
- Science and Technology Branch, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-chao Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute (Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-bo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan-dan Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fujian Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin-song Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shun-min Li, ; Xian-sheng Meng, ; Jin-song Kuang,
| | - Xian-sheng Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Shun-min Li, ; Xian-sheng Meng, ; Jin-song Kuang,
| | - Shun-min Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fourth of Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Shun-min Li, ; Xian-sheng Meng, ; Jin-song Kuang,
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23
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Yeh CC, Liu HM, Lee MC, Leu YL, Chiang WH, Chang HH, Lee TY. Phytochemical‑rich herbal formula ATG‑125 protects against sucrose‑induced gastrocnemius muscle atrophy by rescuing Akt signaling and improving mitochondrial dysfunction in young adult mice. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:57. [PMID: 34913071 PMCID: PMC8711025 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant capability of herbal remedies has attracted widespread attention, but their molecular mechanisms in a muscle atrophy model have not been explored. The aim of the present study was to compare the bioactivity of sucrose challenged mice following treatment with ATG‑125. Here, through a combination of transcriptomic and biomedical analysis, herbal formula ATG‑125, a phytochemical‑rich formula, was identified as a protective factor against muscle atrophy in sucrose challenged mice. Gene ontology (GO) identified differentially expressed genes that were primarily enriched in the 'negative regulation of proteolysis', 'cellular amino acid metabolic process', 'lipoprotein particle' and 'cell cycle', all of which were associated with the ATG‑125‑mediated prevention of muscle atrophy, particularly with regard to mitochondrial biogenesis. In skeletal muscle, a set of mitochondrial‑related genes, including angiopoietin‑like 4, nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (Nmrk2), pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4, Asc‑type amino acid transporter 1 and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp3) were markedly upregulated following ATG‑125 intervention. An increase in Nmrk2 and Ucp3 expression were noted after ATG‑125 treatment, in parallel with upregulation of the 'nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism' pathway, as determined using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis revealed the downregulation of 'complement and coagulation cascades', 'cholesterol metabolism', 'biosynthesis of amino acids' and 'PPAR signaling pathway', which were associated with the downregulation of serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor clade A member (Serpina)3, Serpina1b, Serpina1d, Serpina1e, apolipoprotein (Apo)a1 and Apoa2, all of which were cardiovascular and diabetes‑associated risk factors and were regulated by ATG‑125. In addition, ATG‑125 treatment resulted in downregulated mRNA expression levels of ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 2, troponin‑I1, troponin‑C1 and troponin‑T1 in young adult gastrocnemius muscle compared with the sucrose group. Nuclear factor‑κB‑hypoxia inducible factor‑1α‑TGFβ receptor type‑II‑vascular endothelial growth factor staining indicated that ATG‑125 decreased sucrose‑induced chronic inflammation. ATG‑125 was sufficient to prevent muscle atrophy, and this protective effect may be mediated through upregulation of AKT phosphorylation, upregulating the insulin growth factor‑1R‑insulin receptor substrate‑PI3K‑AKT pathway, which in turn resulted in a forkhead box O‑dependent decrease in protein degradation pathways, including regulation of atrogin1 and E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase TRIM63. Peroxisome‑proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) was decreased in young adult mice challenged with sucrose. ATG‑125 treatment significantly increased PGC1α and significantly increased UCP‑1,2,3 expression levels, which suggested ATG‑125 poised the mitochondria for uncoupling of respiration. This effect is consistent with the increased SIRT1 levels and may explain an increase in mitochondria biogenesis. Taken together, the present study showed that ATG‑125, as an integrator of protein synthesis and degradative pathways, prevented muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chuan Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsuan-Miao Liu
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Chung Lee
- Brion Research Institute of Taiwan, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Nature Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Han Chiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Cheng‑Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11283, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hen-Hong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzung-Yan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
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24
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A new mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus established through combination of high-fat diet, streptozotocin and glucocorticoid. Life Sci 2021; 286:120062. [PMID: 34673117 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM A stable induced type 2 diabetes model (T2DM) still needs to be explored for basic and clinical research, due to nonuniform model methods and unstable consequences. Our aims were to explore and establish an optimized induced T2DM model in mice that exhibits insulin resistance and β-cell damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were treated with a high-fat diet (HFD), streptozotocin (STZ) and dexamethasone (DEX) at different doses and in combination. The general growth status, blood glucose and fasting insulin were detected, and the success rate and insulin sensitivity indices were calculated. KEY FINDING Low-dose STZ injection multiple times was more secure in the process of T2DM model production. Combined intervention was more efficient in reducing insulin sensitivity and improving the success rate of T2DM model construction. SIGNIFICANCE Combined with a high-fat diet, glucocorticoids and streptozotocin, a new mouse model of T2DM with insulin resistance and β-cell damage could be established. The optimized experimental method can serve as a stable model for further studies on the mechanisms and therapy of T2DM.
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25
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Wang TZ, Zuo GW, Yao L, Yuan CL, Li HF, Lai Y, Chen ZW, Zhang J, Jin YQ, Yamahara J, Wang JW. Ursolic acid ameliorates adipose tissue insulin resistance in aged rats via activating the Akt-glucose transporter 4 signaling pathway and inhibiting inflammation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1466. [PMID: 34737806 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing often results in insulin resistance (IR) and chronic inflammation, and adipose is one of the tissues in which inflammation and IR occur earliest during this process. The present study investigated the effect and underlying mechanisms of ursolic acid (UA) on adipose IR and inflammation in ageing rats. Specific pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: i) Young normal (young); ii) untreated ageing (aged); and groups supplemented with UA either iii) low-UA 10 mg/kg (UA-L) or iv) high-50 mg/kg (UA-H). Animals in the UA-treated groups received 10 or 50 mg/kg UA (suspended in 5% Gum Arabic solution). The rats in the corresponding aged group and young groups received vehicle (5% Gum Arabic) alone. All rats were intragastrically treated once daily by oral gavage for 7 weeks. The day before the experiment terminated, overnight fasting blood (~700 µl) was collected and plasma was prepared to measure biochemical indicators; western blotting was performed to analyze the expression of insulin signaling proteins [(insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), phosphorylated (p)-IRS-1, PI3K, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), Akt and p-Akt)] and inflammatory factors (NF-κB, IL-6 and IL-1β) in the epididymis white adipose tissue (eWAT). The results revealed that treatment with UA-H decreased eWAT weight, the ratio of eWAT weight/body weight, fasted insulin and triglyceride levels, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and adipose tissue insulin resistance index in ageing rats, indicating the amelioration of systemic and adipose tissue IR, compared with the aged group. Mechanistically, UA-H administration upregulated p-protein kinase B, the ratio of p-Akt to protein kinase B and total and cellular membrane GLUT4 protein levels in eWAT of ageing rats. Conversely, UA inhibited the increase in NF-κB expression and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. However, these alterations were not observed in the rats of the aged group. Taken together, the findings of the present study indicated that UA may ameliorate adipose IR, which is associated with activation of the Akt-GLUT4 signaling pathway and inhibition of inflammation in ageing rats. These data provide a basis for the development of effective and safe drugs or functional substances, such as UA, for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Zhuang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Laboratory of Medical Tests, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Lin Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Fei Li
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ying Lai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Qian Jin
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | | | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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26
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Kumar S, Ashraf R, C K A. Mitochondrial dynamics regulators: implications for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:377-406. [PMID: 34661828 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of the recent advances in therapeutic developments, cancer is still among the primary causes of death globally, indicating the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Mitochondria, a dynamic organelle, continuously undergo the fusion and fission processes to meet cell requirements. The balanced fission and fusion processes, referred to as mitochondrial dynamics, coordinate mitochondrial shape, size, number, energy metabolism, cell cycle, mitophagy, and apoptosis. An imbalance between these opposing events alters mitochondWangrial dynamics, affects the overall mitochondrial shape, and deregulates mitochondrial function. Emerging evidence indicates that alteration of mitochondrial dynamics contributes to various aspects of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Therefore, targeting the mitochondrial dynamics regulator could be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. This review will address the role of imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics in mitochondrial dysfunction during cancer progression. We will outline the clinical significance of mitochondrial dynamics regulators in various cancer types with recent updates in cancer stemness and chemoresistance and its therapeutic potential and clinical utility as a predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
| | - Rahail Ashraf
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Aparna C K
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
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27
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Michaeloudes C, Abubakar-Waziri H, Lakhdar R, Raby K, Dixey P, Adcock IM, Mumby S, Bhavsar PK, Chung KF. Molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress in asthma. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 85:101026. [PMID: 34625291 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are exposed to reactive oxygen species oxygen (ROS) produced as a result of inhalation of oxygen, as well as smoke and other air pollutants. Cell metabolism and the NADPH oxidases (Nox) generate low levels of intracellular ROS that act as signal transduction mediators by inducing oxidative modifications of histones, enzymes and transcription factors. Redox signalling is also regulated by localised production and sensing of ROS in mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inside the nucleus. Intracellular ROS are maintained at low levels through the action of a battery of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Asthma is a heterogeneous airway inflammatory disease with different immune endotypes; these include atopic or non-atopic Th2 type immune response associated with eosinophilia, or a non-Th2 response associated with neutrophilia. Airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness accompany the inflammatory response in asthma. Over-production of ROS resulting from infiltrating immune cells, particularly eosinophils and neutrophils, and a concomitant impairment of antioxidant responses lead to development of oxidative stress in asthma. Oxidative stress is augmented in severe asthma and during exacerbations, as well as by air pollution and obesity, and causes oxidative damage of tissues promoting airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Furthermore, deregulated Nox activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress and/or oxidative DNA damage, resulting from exposure to irritants, inflammatory mediators or obesity, may lead to redox-dependent changes in cell signalling. ROS play a central role in airway epithelium-mediated sensing, development of innate and adaptive immune responses, and airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness. Nonetheless, antioxidant compounds have proven clinically ineffective as therapeutic agents for asthma, partly due to issues with stability and in vivo metabolism of these compounds. The compartmentalised nature of ROS production and sensing, and the role of ROS in homeostatic responses and in the action of corticosteroids and β2-adrenergic receptor agonists, adds another layer of complexity to antioxidant therapy development. Nox inhibitors and mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants are in clinical development for a number of diseases but they have not yet been investigated in asthma. A better understanding of the complex role of ROS in the pathogenesis of asthma will highlight new opportunities for more targeted and effective redox therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Michaeloudes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom.
| | - Hisham Abubakar-Waziri
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Ramzi Lakhdar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Raby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Piers Dixey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Mumby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Pankaj K Bhavsar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
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28
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Tumor Necrosis Receptor Superfamily Interact with Fusion and Fission of Mitochondria of Adipose Tissue in Obese Patients without Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091260. [PMID: 34572446 PMCID: PMC8470627 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between receptors and ligands of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) provide costimulatory signals that control the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and effector function of immune cells. All components of the TNF superfamily are associated with NF-kB functions that are not limited to cell death and may promote survival in the face of adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Inflammation dysfunction of mitochondria is a key factor associated with insulin resistance in obesity. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship of soluble forms of receptors and ligands of the TNF superfamily in blood plasma with mitochondrial dynamics in adipose tissue (greater omentum (GO) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (Sat)) of obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Increased plasma sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, sTNFRSF8 receptors, and ligands TNFSF12, TNFSF13, TNFSF13B are characteristic of obese patients without T2DM. The TNF-a levels in blood plasma were associated with a decrease in MFN2 gene expression in GO and IL-10 in blood plasma. The TNFSF12 levels contributed to a decrease in glucose levels, a decrease in BMI, and an increase in IL-10 levels by influencing the MFN2 gene expression in GO, which supports mitochondrial fusion.
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29
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Zhao B, Liu M, Liu H, Xie J, Yan J, Hou X, Liu J. Zeaxanthin promotes browning by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis through the PKA pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Food Funct 2021; 12:6283-6293. [PMID: 34047728 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00524c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is closely associated with maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to systemic lipid metabolism disorders. Zeaxanthin (ZEA) is a kind of carotenoid with potent antioxidant activity and has been reported to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism has not been explained. In this study, we first discovered that ZEA stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocyte browning by increasing the expression of specific markers (Cd137, Tbx1, Sirt1, Cidea, Ucp1, Tmem26, and Cited1), thereby reducing lipid accumulation. Besides, ZEA promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing the expression of PRDM16, UCP1, NRF2, PGC-1α, and SIRT1. Moreover, the uncoupled oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of protons leaked in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was rapidly increased by ZEA treatment, which improved mitochondrial respiration and energy metabolism. Furthermore, we found that ZEA promotes browning by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis partly through the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. This study provided new insight into the promotion of browning and mitochondrial biogenesis by ZEA, suggesting that ZEA probably has potential therapeutic effects on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
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30
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Qi R, Han X, Wang J, Qiu X, Wang Q, Yang F. MicroRNA-489-3p promotes adipogenesis by targeting the Postn gene in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Life Sci 2021; 278:119620. [PMID: 34004251 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Accumulating evidence indicates that a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as essential regulators during adipogenesis and adipolysis in humans and animals and play critical roles in the development of fat tissue. In this study, we aimed to determine the functional role and underlying regulatory mechanism of microRNA-489-3p (miR-489) in adipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression patterns of miR-489 in mice were measured by qRT-PCR. Overexpression and knockdown of miR-489 by mimic and inhibitor transfections in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes revealed the regulatory effect of miR-489 on cellular proliferation and differentiation and energy turnover. Furthermore, RNA-seq, bioinformatics prediction, and dual luciferase reporter assays were used to identify the direct target of miR-489. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that miR-489 was highly expressed in the visceral fat tissue of adult mice, and obese mice exhibited higher levels of miR-489 than normal mice. Overexpression of miR-489 suppressed proliferation but promoted adipogenic differentiation and lipid accumulation in the cells. Mitochondrial oxidation also fluctuated in the cells due to the high expression of miR-489. Notably, knockdown of miR-489 did not have a strong opposing effect on the cells. Periostin (Postn) was identified as a direct target gene for miR-489, and silencing the Postn gene similarly stimulated adipogenesis and differentiation of adipocytes. SIGNIFICANCE miR-489 provides a strong driving force for adipogenesis metabolism and adipocyte differentiation by targeting the Postn gene. This result may contribute to the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renli Qi
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang 402460, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Xu Han
- ChaoYang Teachers College, Liaoning 122000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qiu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Feiyun Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang 402460, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Rongchang 402460, China.
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Tai H, Jiang XL, Song N, Xiao HH, Li Y, Cheng MJ, Yin XM, Chen YR, Yang GL, Jiang XY, Kuang JS, Lan ZM, Jia LQ. Tanshinone IIA Combined With Cyclosporine A Alleviates Lung Apoptosis Induced by Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion in Obese Rats. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:617393. [PMID: 34012969 PMCID: PMC8126627 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.617393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), which is induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR), is one of the leading causes of acute renal IR-related death. Obesity raises the frequency and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) and ALI. Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) combined with cyclosporine A (CsA) was employed to lessen the lung apoptosis led by renal IR and to evaluate whether TIIA combined with CsA could alleviate lung apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial function through the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway in obese rats. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to assess the histology of the lung injury. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) was used to assess apoptosis of the lung. Electron microscopy was used to assess mitochondrial morphology in lung cells. Arterial blood gas and pulmonary function were used to assess the external respiratory function. Mitochondrial function was used to assess the internal respiratory function and mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis. Western blot (WB) was used to examine the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway-related proteins. TIIA combined with CsA can alleviate lung apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial function through the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Tai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Fourth of Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-He Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei-Jia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Guan-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Jiang
- Department of Foreign Languages, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jin-Song Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Lan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lian-Qun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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Tai H, Jiang XL, Lan ZM, Li Y, Kong L, Yao SC, Song N, Lv MJ, Wu J, Yang P, Xiao XS, Yang GL, Kuang JS, Jia LQ. Tanshinone IIA combined with CsA inhibit myocardial cell apoptosis induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in obese rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:100. [PMID: 33752661 PMCID: PMC7986523 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial injury (AMI), which is induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR), is a significant cause of acute kidney injury (AKI)-related associated death. Obesity increases the severity and frequency of AMI and AKI. Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) combined with cyclosporine A (CsA) pretreatment was used to alleviate myocardial cell apoptosis induced by renal IR, and to determine whether TIIA combined with CsA would attenuate myocardial cell apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial function through the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway in obese rats. METHODS Male rates were fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks to generate obesity. AKI was induced by 30 min of kidney ischemia followed 24 h of reperfusion. Obese rats were given TIIA (10 mg/kg·d) for 2 weeks and CsA (5 mg/kg) 30 min before renal IR. After 24 h of reperfusion, the rats were anaesthetized, the blood were fetched from the abdominal aorta and kidney were fetched from abdominal cavity, then related indicators were examined. RESULTS TIIA combined with CsA can alleviate the pathohistological injury and apoptosis induced by renal IR in myocardial cells. TIIA combined with CsA improved cardiac function after renal ischemia (30 min)-reperfusion (24 h) in obese rats. At the same time, TIIA combined with CsA improved mitochondrial function. Abnormal function of mitochondria was supported by decreases in respiration controlling rate (RCR), intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), oxygen consumption rate, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), mitochondrial DNA damage, and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex enzymes. The injury of mitochondrial dynamic function was assessed by decrease in dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), and increases in mitofusin1/2 (Mfn1/2), and mitochondrial biogenesis injury was assessed by decreases in PPARγ coactivator-1-α (PGC-1), nucleo respiratory factor1 (Nrf1), and transcription factor A of mitochondrial (TFam). CONCLUSION We used isolated mitochondria from rat myocardial tissues to demonstrate that myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction occurred along with renal IR to induce myocardial cell apoptosis; obesity aggravated apoptosis. TIIA combined with CsA attenuated myocardial cell apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial function through the PI3K/Akt/Bad pathway in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Tai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.,Department of Nephrology, The fourth of Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Lan
- Department of Medical laboratory, The fourth of Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Si-Cheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei-Jun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuan-Si Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Guan-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin-Song Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic, Shenyang the Fourth Hospital of People, Shenyang, China
| | - Lian-Qun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid-Induced Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020623. [PMID: 33435513 PMCID: PMC7827500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroids secreted by the adrenal cortex under the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis control, one of the major neuro-endocrine systems of the organism. These hormones are involved in tissue repair, immune stability, and metabolic processes, such as the regulation of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Globally, GCs are presented as ‘flight and fight’ hormones and, in that purpose, they are catabolic hormones required to mobilize storage to provide energy for the organism. If acute GC secretion allows fast metabolic adaptations to respond to danger, stress, or metabolic imbalance, long-term GC exposure arising from treatment or Cushing’s syndrome, progressively leads to insulin resistance and, in fine, cardiometabolic disorders. In this review, we briefly summarize the pharmacological actions of GC and metabolic dysregulations observed in patients exposed to an excess of GCs. Next, we describe in detail the molecular mechanisms underlying GC-induced insulin resistance in adipose tissue, liver, muscle, and to a lesser extent in gut, bone, and brain, mainly identified by numerous studies performed in animal models. Finally, we present the paradoxical effects of GCs on beta cell mass and insulin secretion by the pancreas with a specific focus on the direct and indirect (through insulin-sensitive organs) effects of GCs. Overall, a better knowledge of the specific action of GCs on several organs and their molecular targets may help foster the understanding of GCs’ side effects and design new drugs that possess therapeutic benefits without metabolic adverse effects.
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Tian L, Ri H, Qi J, Fu P. Berberine elevates mitochondrial membrane potential and decreases reactive oxygen species by inhibiting the Rho/ROCK pathway in rats with diabetic encephalopathy. Mol Pain 2021; 17:1744806921996101. [PMID: 33632015 PMCID: PMC7934021 DOI: 10.1177/1744806921996101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a serious complication of diabetes mainly occurring in the elderly patients. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloids extracted from Coptis chinensis that is applied in the treatment of diabetes clinically. This study explored the possible mechanism of BBR in relieving DE. METHODS Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin and fed a high fat diet to establish the model of DE. The model rats were treated with BBR. The body weight, blood glucose and insulin of rats were measured, and Morris water maze test was conducted to evaluate the learning and memory abilities. The pathological conditions of cortical tissues were detected. The cortical mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were monitored. The expressions of Rho/ROCK pathway-related genes of rat cortex were detected. The changes of MMP and ROS were detected after the treatment of Rho/ROCK pathway activator. RESULTS The body weight of model rats changed little, and levels of blood glucose and insulin were increased. The spatial learning and memory abilities were impaired, with disordered cortical neurons, and obvious neurons apoptosis and glia proliferation. BBR alleviated cognitive dysfunction and pathological damage in rats with DE. BBR enhanced cortical MMP and suppressed ROS. BBR treatment inhibited the Rho/ROCK pathway. Activation of the Rho/ROCK pathway reversed the effects of BBR on MMP and ROS. CONCLUSION BBR elevated MMP and reduced ROS in rats with DE by inhibiting the Rho/ROCK pathway. This study may offer novel insights for the management of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ri
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Jiping Qi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
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Xu Z, Zhou Y, Nong Q, You W, Wang L, Wang Y, Shan T. LKB1 Differently Regulates Adipogenesis in Intramuscular and Subcutaneous Adipocytes through Metabolic and Cytokine-Related Signaling Pathways. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122599. [PMID: 33291665 PMCID: PMC7761942 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) plays important and various roles in the differentiation and lipid metabolism of adipocytes. However, the current knowledge of the respective roles of LKB1 in subcutaneous fat (SCF) and intramuscular fat (IMF) adipocytes remains unclear. This study aimed to discover the different regulatory mechanisms of LKB1 in SCF and IMF adipocytes. We found that LKB1 overexpression inhibited adipogenesis in both SCF and IMF adipocytes, and SCF adipocytes were more sensitive to regulation by LKB1. Transcriptomics results showed that IMF adipocytes had many more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than SCF adipocytes. Pathway analysis of the shared and distinct DEGs revealed that the main adipogenesis mechanism was similar between SCF and IMF adipocytes upon LKB1 overexpression, while regulatory and metabolic signaling pathways, such as MAPK, PPAR signaling pathways, were differently regulated by LKB1. Several cytokine-related pathways were only enriched in LKB1-overexpressing IMF adipocytes. Our study reveals different regulators and signaling pathways between SCF and IMF adipocytes under LKB1 overexpression, which may be potential targets to differentially control SCF and IMF deposition and improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of IMF deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiuyun Nong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Z.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.N.); (W.Y.); (L.W.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-8898-2102
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Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Brysch W, Botchway SW, Frasch W, Calabrese EJ, Bell JD. SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial health: implications of lifestyle and ageing. Immun Ageing 2020; 17:33. [PMID: 33292333 PMCID: PMC7649575 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-020-00204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infection with SARs-COV-2 displays increasing fatality with age and underlying co-morbidity, in particular, with markers of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes, which seems to be associated with a "cytokine storm" and an altered immune response. This suggests that a key contributory factor could be immunosenescence that is both age-related and lifestyle-induced. As the immune system itself is heavily reliant on mitochondrial function, then maintaining a healthy mitochondrial system may play a key role in resisting the virus, both directly, and indirectly by ensuring a good vaccine response. Furthermore, as viruses in general, and quite possibly this new virus, have also evolved to modulate immunometabolism and thus mitochondrial function to ensure their replication, this could further stress cellular bioenergetics. Unlike most sedentary modern humans, one of the natural hosts for the virus, the bat, has to "exercise" regularly to find food, which continually provides a powerful adaptive stimulus to maintain functional muscle and mitochondria. In effect the bat is exposed to regular hormetic stimuli, which could provide clues on how to resist this virus. In this paper we review the data that might support the idea that mitochondrial health, induced by a healthy lifestyle, could be a key factor in resisting the virus, and for those people who are perhaps not in optimal health, treatments that could support mitochondrial function might be pivotal to their long-term recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair V W Nunn
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
| | | | | | - Stanley W Botchway
- UKRI, STFC, Central Laser Facility, & Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX110QX, UK
| | - Wayne Frasch
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Department of Life Sciences, Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK
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Sun X, Xie YZ, Jiang YY, Wang GY, Wang YJ, Mei Y, Gao RH, Li YH, Xiao W, Wang WF, Li DS. FGF21 Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy and Reduces Side Effects of Dexamethasone in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Inflammation 2020; 44:249-260. [PMID: 33098521 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate efficacy of FGF21 combine dexamethasone (Dex) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) meanwhile reduce side effects of dexamethasone. We used combination therapy (Dex 15 mg/kg + FGF21 0.25 mg/kg, Dex 15 mg/kg + FGF21 0.5 mg/kg or Dex 15 mg/kg + FGF21 1 mg/kg) and monotherapy (Dex 15 mg/kg or FGF21 1 mg/kg) to treat CIA mice induced by chicken type II collagen, respectively. The effects of treatment were determined by arthritis severity score, histological damage, and cytokine production. The levels of oxidative stress parameters, liver functions, and other blood biochemical indexes were detected to determine FGF21 efficiency to side effects of dexamethasone. Oil red O was performed to detect the effects of FGF21 and dexamethasone on fat accumulation in HepG2 cells. The mechanism of FGF21 improves the side effects of dexamethasone which was analyzed by Western blotting. This combination proved to be therapeutically more effective than dexamethasone or FGF21 used singly. FGF21 regulates oxidative stress and lipid metabolism by upregulating dexamethasone-inhibited SIRT-1 and then activating downstream Nrf-2/HO-1and PGC-1. FGF21 and dexamethasone are highly effective in the treatment of arthritis; meanwhile, FGF21 may overcome the limited therapeutic response and Cushing syndrome associated with dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sun
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yin-Zhuo Xie
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Guan-Ying Wang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Mei
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Rong-Hui Gao
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu kangyuan pharmaceutical co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China.
| | - Wen-Fei Wang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China.
| | - De-Shan Li
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
- Jiangsu kangyuan pharmaceutical co. Ltd, Lianyungang, China.
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Effect of Quercetin on Dexamethasone-Induced C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cell Injury. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143267. [PMID: 32709024 PMCID: PMC7397304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely used anti-inflammatory drugs in clinical settings. However, they can induce skeletal muscle atrophy by reducing fiber cross-sectional area and myofibrillar protein content. Studies have proven that antioxidants can improve glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Quercetin is a potent antioxidant flavonoid widely distributed in fruits and vegetables and has shown protective effects against dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. In this study, we demonstrated that dexamethasone significantly inhibited cell growth and induced cell apoptosis by stimulating hydroxyl free radical production in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Our results evidenced that quercetin increased C2C12 skeletal cell viability and exerted antiapoptotic effects on dexamethasone-treated C2C12 cells by regulating mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and reducing oxidative species. Quercetin can protect against dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by regulating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio at the protein level and abnormal ΔΨm, which leads to the suppression of apoptosis.
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Kladnická I, Čedíková M, Kripnerová M, Dvořáková J, Kohoutová M, Tůma Z, Müllerová D, Kuncová J. Mitochondrial respiration of adipocytes differentiating from human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue. Physiol Res 2020; 68:S287-S296. [PMID: 31928046 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burden of obesity is increasing in the contemporary world. Although multifactorial in origin, appropriate mitochondrial function of adipocytes emerges as a factor essential for healthy adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue function. Our study aimed to evaluate mitochondrial functions of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells committed to adipogenesis. On days 0, 4, 10, and 21 of adipogenesis, we have characterized adipocyte proliferation and viability, quantified lipid accumulation in maturing cells, performed qualitative and quantitative analysis of mitochondria, determined mitochondrial respiration of cells using high-resolution respirometry, and evaluated mitochondrial membrane potential. In the course of adipogenesis, mitochondrial oxygen consumption progressively increased in states ROUTINE and E (capacity of the electron transfer system). State LEAK remained constant during first days of adipogenesis and then increased probably reflecting uncoupling ability of maturing adipocytes. Citrate synthase activity and volume of mitochondrial networks increased during differentiation, particularly between days 10 and 21. In addition, lipid accumulation remained low until day 10 and then significantly increased. In conclusion, during first days of adipogenesis, increased mitochondrial respiration is needed for transition of differentiating cells from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism and clonal expansion of preadipocytes and then more energy is needed to acquire typical metabolic phenotype of mature adipocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kladnická
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic. Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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Jeong DY, Ryu MS, Yang HJ, Jeong SY, Zhang T, Yang HJ, Kim MJ, Park S. Pediococcus acidilactici intake decreases the clinical severity of atopic dermatitis along with increasing mucin production and improving the gut microbiome in Nc/Nga mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110488. [PMID: 32768968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is associated with intestinal microflora. Since specific probiotics may have better efficacy for AD, we determined the efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici SRCM102024 (PA) for treating AD in HaCaT cells and NC/Nga mice and explored the mechanism of action. AD-like pathology was induced in HaCaT cells and the dorsal skin of Nc/Nga mice by local exposure to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). In AD-lesion induced mice, PA in low-, medium- and high-dosages (5 × 10E6, 5 × 10E7 and 5 × 10E8 CFU/kg bw, respectively) and dexamethasone (3 mg/kg bw, positive-control) were orally administered for 5 weeks. The clinical AD severity, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and TNF-α, gene expressions of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and TNF-α and gut microflora were measured. PA treatment (100-300 CFU/mL) dose-dependently increased cell survival in DNCB-induced HACAT cells. PA reduced the relative mRNA expression of PAR-2, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-13 in the cells. In dorsal skin of Nc/Nga mice applied with DNCB, PA dose-dependently attenuated erythema, hemorrhage, edema, excoriation, dryness and scratching behavior and PA-H improved the clinical symptoms similar to the positive-control. PA-M and PA-H treatment significantly prevented the disturbance of the dorsal skin tissues and decreased the inflammatory cellular infiltrate of mast cells, compared to the control. PA dose-dependently reduced serum IgE and TNF-α concentrations and the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-13 in dorsal skin. In gut microflora, relative counts of Lactobacillales, Butyricicoccus and Ruminococcus were decreased in the AD-control compared to the positive-control and the PA-M and PA-H prevented their decrease. However, the positive-control increased serum AST and ALT activities, indicating liver damage as an adverse effect. In conclusion, oral treatment of PA (human equivalent 1 × 10E9-1 × 10E10) relieved the AD symptoms by dose-dependently preventing over-activation of the immune response. Oral PA intake may be a safe and effective alternative therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Youn Jeong
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Seon Ryu
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Yang
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang, South Korea
| | - Seong-Yeop Jeong
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang, South Korea
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Food Functional Research Division, Korean Food Research Institutes, Wanjoo, 55365, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Food Functional Research Division, Korean Food Research Institutes, Wanjoo, 55365, South Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea.
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41
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Kračun D, Klop M, Knirsch A, Petry A, Kanchev I, Chalupsky K, Wolf CM, Görlach A. NADPH oxidases and HIF1 promote cardiac dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension in response to glucocorticoid excess. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101536. [PMID: 32413743 PMCID: PMC7226895 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular side effects are frequent problems accompanying systemic glucocorticoid therapy, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully resolved. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to promote various cardiovascular diseases although the link between glucocorticoid and ROS signaling has been controversial. As the family of NADPH oxidases has been identified as important source of ROS in the cardiovascular system we investigated the role of NADPH oxidases in response to the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone in the cardiovascular system in vitro and in vivo in mice lacking functional NADPH oxidases due to a mutation in the gene coding for the essential NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox. We show that dexamethasone induced NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS generation, leading to vascular proliferation and angiogenesis due to activation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1). Chronic treatment of mice with low doses of dexamethasone resulted in the development of systemic hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular dysfunction, as well as in pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling. In contrast, mice deficient in p22phox-dependent NADPH oxidases were protected against these cardiovascular side effects. Mechanistically, dexamethasone failed to upregulate HIF1α levels in these mice, while vascular HIF1α deficiency prevented pulmonary vascular remodeling. Thus, p22phox-dependent NADPH oxidases and activation of the HIF pathway are critical elements in dexamethasone-induced cardiovascular pathologies and might provide interesting targets to limit cardiovascular side effects in patients on chronic glucocorticoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Kračun
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Mathieu Klop
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Anna Knirsch
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Andreas Petry
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Ivan Kanchev
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany
| | - Karel Chalupsky
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany; Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cordula M Wolf
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Diseases, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Munich, 80636, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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42
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Kuffner K, Triebelhorn J, Meindl K, Benner C, Manook A, Sudria-Lopez D, Siebert R, Nothdurfter C, Baghai TC, Drexler K, Berneburg M, Rupprecht R, Milenkovic VM, Wetzel CH. Major Depressive Disorder is Associated with Impaired Mitochondrial Function in Skin Fibroblasts. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040884. [PMID: 32260327 PMCID: PMC7226727 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial malfunction is supposed to be involved in the etiology and pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we aimed to identify and characterize the molecular pathomechanisms related to mitochondrial dysfunction in adult human skin fibroblasts, which were derived from MDD patients or non-depressive control subjects. We found that MDD fibroblasts showed significantly impaired mitochondrial functioning: basal and maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, non-mitochondrial respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-related oxygen consumption was lower. Moreover, MDD fibroblasts harbor lower ATP levels and showed hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. To investigate cellular resilience, we challenged both groups of fibroblasts with hormonal (dexamethasone) or metabolic (galactose) stress for one week, and found that both stressors increased oxygen consumption but lowered ATP content in MDD as well as in non-depressive control fibroblasts. Interestingly, the bioenergetic differences between fibroblasts from MDD or non-depressed subjects, which were observed under non-treated conditions, could not be detected after stress. Our findings support the hypothesis that altered mitochondrial function causes a bioenergetic imbalance, which is associated with the molecular pathophysiology of MDD. The observed alterations in the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) and other mitochondria-related properties represent a basis for further investigations of pathophysiological mechanisms and might open new ways to gain insight into antidepressant signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Kuffner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Julian Triebelhorn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Katrin Meindl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Christoph Benner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (T.C.B.)
| | - André Manook
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Daniel Sudria-Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Ramona Siebert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Caroline Nothdurfter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Thomas C. Baghai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Konstantin Drexler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Vladimir M. Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Christian H. Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.K.); (T.C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-8955
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