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Xu Q, Yu Z, Zhang M, Feng T, Song F, Tang H, Wang S, Li H. Danshen-Shanzha formula for the treatment of atherosclerosis: ethnopharmacological relevance, preparation methods, chemical constituents, pharmacokinetic properties, and pharmacological effects. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1380977. [PMID: 38910885 PMCID: PMC11190183 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1380977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Danshen-Shanzha Formula (DSF) is a well-known herbal combination comprising Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza (known as Danshen in Chinese) and Fructus Crataegi (known as Shanzha in Chinese), It has been documented to exhibit considerable benefits for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and was used extensively in the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiac and cerebral vascular diseases over decades. Despite several breakthroughs achieved in the basic research and clinical applications of DSF over the past decades, there is a lack of comprehensive reviews summarizing its features and research, which hinders further exploration and exploitation of this promising formula. This review aims to provide a comprehensive interpretation of DSF in terms of its ethnopharmacological relevance, preparation methods, chemical constituents, pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacological effects. The related information on Danshen, Shanzha, and DSF was obtained from internationally recognized online scientific databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Baidu Scholar, ScienceDirect, ACS Publications, Online Library, Wan Fang Database as well as Flora of China. Data were also gathered from documentations, printed works and classics, such as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Chinese herbal classics, etc. Three essential avenues for future studies were put forward as follows: a) Develop and unify the standard preparation method of DSF as to achieve optimized pharmacological properties. b) Elucidate the functional mechanisms as well as the rationality and rule for the compatibility art of DSF by focusing on the clinic syndromes together with the subsequent development of preclinic study system in vitro and in vivo with consistent pathological features, pharmacokinetical behaviour and biomarkers. c) Perform more extensive clinical studies towards the advancement of mechanism-based on evidence-based medicine on the safety application of DSF. This review will provide substantial data support and broader perspective for further research on the renowned formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhe Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Graduate Studies, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tian Feng
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Song
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haifeng Tang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Jiang Y, Cai Y, Han R, Xu Y, Xia Z, Xia W. Salvianolic acids and its potential for cardio-protection against myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury in diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1322474. [PMID: 38283744 PMCID: PMC10811029 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1322474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes and related mortality rate increase yearly in modern cities. Additionally, elevated glucose levels can result in an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ferroptosis, and the disruption of protective pathways in the heart. These factors collectively heighten the vulnerability of diabetic individuals to myocardial ischemia. Reperfusion therapies have been effectively used in clinical practice. There are limitations to the current clinical methods used to treat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. As a result, reducing post-treatment ischemia/reperfusion injury remains a challenge. Therefore, efforts are underway to provide more efficient therapy. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) has been used for centuries in ancient China to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with rare side effects. Salvianolic acid is a water-soluble phenolic compound with potent antioxidant properties and has the greatest hydrophilic property in Danshen. It has recently been discovered that salvianolic acids A (SAA) and B (SAB) are capable of inhibiting apoptosis by targeting the JNK/Akt pathway and the NF-κB pathway, respectively. This review delves into the most recent discoveries regarding the therapeutic and cardioprotective benefits of salvianolic acid for individuals with diabetes. Salvianolic acid shows great potential in myocardial protection in diabetes mellitus. A thorough understanding of the protective mechanism of salvianolic acid could expand its potential uses in developing medicines for treating diabetes mellitus related myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronghui Han
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Doctoral Training Platform for Research and Translation, BoShiWan, GuanChong Village, Shuanghe Town, ZhongXiang City, Hubei, China
| | - Weiyi Xia
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Doctoral Training Platform for Research and Translation, BoShiWan, GuanChong Village, Shuanghe Town, ZhongXiang City, Hubei, China
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Li Y, Wu Y, Qin X, Gu J, Liu A, Cao J. Constructing a competitive endogenous RNA network of EndMT-related atherosclerosis through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1322252. [PMID: 38268851 PMCID: PMC10806165 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1322252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction and plaque formation. Under pro-inflammatory conditions, endothelial cells can undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), contributing to atherosclerosis development. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms by which EndMT contributes to atherosclerosis remain unclear and require further investigation. Dan-Shen-Yin (DSY), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, is commonly used for cardiovascular diseases, but its molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Emerging evidence indicates that competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks play critical roles in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. In this study, we constructed an EndMT-associated ceRNA network during atherosclerosis progression by integrating gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Functional enrichment analysis revealed this EndMT-related ceRNA network is predominantly involved in inflammatory responses. ROC curve analysis showed the identified hub genes can effectively distinguish between normal vasculature and atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that high expression of IL1B significantly predicts ischemic events in atherosclerosis. Molecular docking revealed most DSY bioactive components can bind key EndMT-related lncRNAs, including AC003092.1, MIR181A1HG, MIR155HG, WEE2-AS1, and MIR137HG, suggesting DSY may mitigate EndMT in atherosclerosis by modulating the ceRNA network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubiao Wu
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiude Qin
- Encephalopathy Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinchao Gu
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Cao
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Huang J, Zhang J, Sun C, Yang R, Sheng M, Hu J, Kai G, Han B. Adjuvant role of Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge in cancer chemotherapy: A review of its bioactive components, health-promotion effect and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117022. [PMID: 37572929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chemotherapy is a common cancer treatment strategy. However, its effectiveness is constrained by toxicity and adverse effects. The Lamiaceae herb Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge has a long history of therapeutic use in the treatment of blood stasis illnesses, which are believed by traditional Chinese medicine to be connected to cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY This review summarized the common toxicity of chemotherapy and the potential chemo-adjuvant effect and mechanisms of active ingredients from S. miltiorrhiza, hoping to provide valuable information for the development and application of S. miltiorrhiza resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literatures were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Baidu Scholar and Google Scholar databases from 2002 to 2022. The inclusion criteria were studies reporting that S. miltiorrhiza or its constituents enhanced the efficiency of chemotherapy drugs or reduced the side effects. RESULTS Salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid C, rosmarinic acid, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone I and miltirone are the primary adjuvant chemotherapy components of S. miltiorrhiza. The mechanisms mainly involve inhibiting proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, inducing apoptosis, regulating autophagy and tumor microenvironment. In addition, they also improve chemotherapy drug-induced side effects. CONCLUSIONS The bioactive compounds of S. miltiorrhiza are shown to inhibit proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, induce apoptosis and autophagy, regulate immunity and tumor microenvironment when combined with chemotherapy drugs. However, further clinical studies are required to validate the current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Huang
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Chengtao Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ruiwen Yang
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Miaomiao Sheng
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jiangning Hu
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Science, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China; Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Hangzhou, 310052, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Villalva M, Martínez-García JJ, Jaime L, Santoyo S, Pelegrín P, Pérez-Jiménez J. Polyphenols as NLRP3 inflammasome modulators in cardiometabolic diseases: a review of in vivo studies. Food Funct 2023; 14:9534-9553. [PMID: 37855750 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs) are components of the innate immune system, important in coordinating the inflammatory response. Among them, NLRP3 can form inflammasomes, multiprotein complexes activating the inflammatory caspase-1 and leading, through a cell death-mediated signaling cascade, to the release of several proinflammatory cytokines. Dietary polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites, have been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, although studies have focused most on their effect on the expression of the final circulating cytokines rather than on the upstream signals activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. The present review explores current knowledge on the potential of dietary polyphenols to regulate the whole NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, in the context of cardiometabolic pathologies (obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), based on in vivo studies. A clear tendency towards a decrease in the expression of the whole NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway when several animal models were supplemented with polyphenols was observed, commonly showing a dose-response effect; these modifications were concomitant with clinical improvements in the pathologies. Nevertheless, the diversity of doses used, the disparity in polyphenol structures tested and, particularly, the scarce clinical trials and exploration of mechanisms of action show the need to develop further research on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Villalva
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Martínez-García
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Jaime
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Santoyo
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CEI UAM+CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Molecular Inflammation Group, University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disease (CIBERDEM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Fan X, Zhang L, La X, Tian J, Israr G, Li A, Wu C, An Y, Li S, Dong X, Li Z. Salvianolic acid A attenuates inflammation-mediated atherosclerosis by suppressing GRP78 secretion of endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 308:116219. [PMID: 36758912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is the main active component of the classic anti-atherosclerotic drug Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Inflammation-induced infiltration of monocyte/macrophages into the vascular wall is the initiating step in atherogenesis, and targeted blocking of this step may provide a promising avenue for the precise treatment of atherosclerosis. However, the effect of salvianolic acid A on macrophages is still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effect of SAA on macrophage infiltration and the underlying mechanism of SAA against atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vascular endothelial cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate the inflammatory environment, and its effect on monocyte/macrophages was evaluated. Mass spectrometry was used to identify the proteins that play a key role and further validated them. LncRNA sequencing, western blot analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pulldown were used to elucidate the mechanism of SAA against atherosclerosis. Finally, ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet to creat an in vivo atherosclerosis model. Secretory GRP78 content, lipid levels, plaque area, macrophage infiltration, and degree of inflammation were assessed by standard assays after 16 weeks of intragastric administration of SAA or biweekly tail vein injections of GRP78 antibody. RESULTS After LPS stimulation, the increased secretion of GRP78 recruits circulating monocyte/macrophages and drives monocyte/macrophage adhesion and invasion into the vascular intima to promote atherosclerosis progression. Interestingly, SAA exerts anti-atherosclerosis effects by inhibiting the secretion of GRP78. Further mechanistic studies indicated that SAA upregulates the expression of lncRNA NR2F2-AS1, which reverses the abnormal localization of the KDEL receptor (KDELR) caused by inflammation. It promotes the homing of GRP78 from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum rather than secreting outside the cell. CONCLUSION SAA alleviates atherosclerosis by inhibiting GRP78 secretion via the lncRNA NR2F2-AS1-KDELR axis. The findings not only provide a new direction for the precise therapy of atherosclerosis based on secretory GRP78 but also elucidate the pharmacological mechanism of SAA against atherosclerosis, putting the foundation for further development and clinical application of SAA drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Fan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Xiaoqin La
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jinmiao Tian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Ghani Israr
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Aiping Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yuxuan An
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiushan Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Tanase DM, Valasciuc E, Gosav EM, Ouatu A, Buliga-Finis ON, Floria M, Maranduca MA, Serban IL. Portrayal of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Atherosclerosis: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098162. [PMID: 37175869 PMCID: PMC10179095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We are witnessing the globalization of a specific type of arteriosclerosis with rising prevalence, incidence and an overall cardiovascular disease burden. Currently, atherosclerosis increasingly affects the younger generation as compared to previous decades. While early preventive medicine has seen improvements, research advances in laboratory and clinical investigation promise to provide us with novel diagnosis tools. Given the physio-pathological complexity and epigenetic patterns of atherosclerosis and the discovery of new molecules involved, the therapeutic field of atherosclerosis has room for substantial growth. Thus, the scientific community is currently investigating the role of nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a crucial component of the innate immune system in different inflammatory disorders. NLRP3 is activated by distinct factors and numerous cellular and molecular events which trigger NLRP3 inflammasome assembly with subsequent cleavage of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β and pro-IL-18 pathways via caspase-1 activation, eliciting endothelial dysfunction, promotion of oxidative stress and the inflammation process of atherosclerosis. In this review, we introduce the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its role in atherosclerosis. We also emphasize its promising therapeutic pharmaceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Ouatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Nicoleta Buliga-Finis
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Internal Medicine Clinic, "St. Spiridon" County Clinical Emergency Hospital Iasi, 700111 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela Lacramioara Serban
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Xie D, Song L, Xiang D, Gao X, Zhao W. Salvianolic acid A alleviates atherosclerosis by inhibiting inflammation through Trc8-mediated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase degradation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154694. [PMID: 36804757 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease and remains the major contributor to death and mortality globally. Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is a water-soluble phenolic acid that benefits atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms of SalA protecting against atherosclerosis remain unclear. PURPOSE We aimed to determine whether SalA prevents atherosclerosis by modulating 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. METHODS The animal and cellular models of atherosclerosis were established by subjecting apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice to a high-fat diet (HFD) and exposing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), respectively. RESULTS Our results showed that similar to atorvastatin, SalA suppressed atherosclerotic plaque formation, improved serum lipid accumulation, and reduced cholesterol levels in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. Moreover, SalA protected HUVECs from ox-LDL-caused cell viability reduction and lipid accumulation. The mechanism study revealed that SalA reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and augmented the generation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in ApoE-/- mice and HUVECs, accompanied by increased HMGCR ubiquitination and degradation via translocation in renal carcinoma on chromosome 8 (Trc8), insulin-induced gene (Insig)1 and Insig2. Furthermore, the knockdown of Trc8 abolished the SalA-induced HMGCR degradation and anti-atherosclerosis activity. CONCLUSION SalA rescues atherosclerosis by inhibiting inflammation through the Trc8-regulated degradation of HMGCR. These findings underscore Trc8 as a potential target of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- Emergency Department, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
| | - Lijun Song
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Dongyang Xiang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- Emergency Department, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China.
| | - Wenchang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, China.
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9
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NLRP3 Inflammasome in Atherosclerosis: Putting Out the Fire of Inflammation. Inflammation 2023; 46:35-46. [PMID: 35953687 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease with thickening or hardening of the arteries, which led to the built-up of plaques in the inner lining of an artery. Among all the clarified pathogenesis, the over-activation of inflammatory reaction is one of the most acknowledged one. The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, as a vital and special form of inflammation and innate immunity, has been widely revealed to participate in the onset and development of AS. This review will introduce the process of the pathogenesis and progression of AS, and will describe the biological features of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in AS and the possible mechanisms will be discussed. In addition, several kinds of agents with the effect of anti-atherosclerotic taking advantage of the NLRP3 inflammasome intervention will be described and discussed in detail, including natural compounds (baicalin, dihydromyricetin, luteolin, 5-deoxy-rutaecarpine (R3) and Salvianolic acid A, etc.), microRNAs (microRNA-30c-5p, microRNA-9, microRNA-146a-5p, microRNA-16-5p and microRNA-181a, etc.), and autophagy regulators (melatonin, dietary PUFA and arglabin, etc.). We aim to provide novel insights in the exploration of the specific mechanisms of AS and the development of new treatments of AS.
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Sun J, Leng P, Li X, Guo Q, Zhao J, Liang Y, Zhang X, Yang X, Li J. Salvianolic acid A promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through regulation of the AMPK-PGC1α signalling pathway. Adipocyte 2022; 11:562-571. [PMID: 36053001 PMCID: PMC9450893 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2116790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Decreased mitochondrial abundance and function were found in white adipose tissue (WAT) of T2DM patients. Therefore, promoting WAT mitochondrial biogenesis and improving adipocyte metabolism may be strategies to prevent and reverse T2DM. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) has been found to exert anti-diabetic and lipid disorder-improving effects. However whether SAA benefits mitochondrial biogenesis and function in adipose tissue is unclear. Here, we evaluated SAA's effect on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and investigated its potential regulatory mechanism. Results showed that SAA treatment significantly promoted the transcription and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator- 1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Meanwhile, SAA treatment significantly promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by increasing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) quantity, mitochondrial mass, and expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complexes III and complex IV. These enhancements were accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC and were suppressed by Compound C, a specific AMPK inhibitor. Furthermore, SAA treatment improved adipocytes mitochondrial respiration and stimulated ATP generation. These findings indicate that SAA exerts a potential therapeutic capacity against adipocytes mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes by activating the AMPK-PGC-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,CONTACT Jialin Sun
| | - Ping Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qie Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,Jing Li Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Shinan District, Qingdao266003, Shandong, China
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11
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Chen K, Gao Z, Ding Q, Tang C, Zhang H, Zhai T, Xie W, Jin Z, Zhao L, Liu W. Effect of natural polyphenols in Chinese herbal medicine on obesity and diabetes: Interactions among gut microbiota, metabolism, and immunity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:962720. [PMID: 36386943 PMCID: PMC9651142 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With global prevalence, metabolic diseases, represented by obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), have a huge burden on human health and medical expenses. It is estimated that obese population has doubled in recent 40 years, and population with diabetes will increase 1.5 times in next 25 years, which has inspired the pursuit of economical and effective prevention and treatment methods. Natural polyphenols are emerging as a class of natural bioactive compounds with potential beneficial effects on the alleviation of obesity and T2DM. In this review, we investigated the network interaction mechanism of "gut microbial disturbance, metabolic disorder, and immune imbalance" in both obesity and T2DM and systemically summarized their multiple targets in the treatment of obesity and T2DM, including enrichment of the beneficial gut microbiota (genera Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Lactobacillus) and upregulation of the levels of gut microbiota-derived metabolites [short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)] and bile acids (BAs). Moreover, we explored their effect on host glucolipid metabolism, the AMPK pathway, and immune modulation via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory immune cells (M1-like Mϕs, Th1, and Th17 cells); proliferation, recruitment, differentiation, and function; and related cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and MCP-1). We hope to provide evidence to promote the clinical application of natural polyphenols in the management of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyou Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiangang Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weinan Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenke Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Wang X, Sun X, Abulizi A, Xu J, He Y, Chen Q, Yan R. Effects of salvianolic acid A on intestinal microbiota and lipid metabolism disorders in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:135. [PMID: 36127704 PMCID: PMC9490915 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SalA) is the main water-soluble component isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. This study explored the influences of SalA on intestinal microbiota composition and lipid metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. The 6-week-old male ZDF rats were treated with distilled water (N = 10) and low dose (SalA 0.5 mg/kg/d, N = 10), medium dose (SalA 1 mg/kg/d, N = 10), and high dose (SalA 2 mg/kg/d, N = 10) of SalA, with the male Zucker lean normoglycemic rats of the same week age as controls (given distilled water, N = 10). The blood glucose, body weight, and food intake of rats were examined. After 7 and 8 weeks of continuous administration, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed, respectively. Serum fasting insulin (FINS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) were determined. Liver tissues were stained using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and oil red O staining. Fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Small intestinal tissues were stained using HE and immunohistochemistry. The tight junction proteins (ZO-1/Occludin/Claudin-1) and serum levels of LPS/TNF-α/IL-6 were evaluated. SalA reduced insulin resistance, liver injury, serum FFA, liver TC and TG levels in ZDF rats, and improved lipid metabolism. After SalA treatment, intestinal microbiota richness and diversity of ZDF rats were promoted. SalA retained the homeostasis of intestinal core microbiota. SalA reduced intestinal epithelial barrier damage, LPS, and inflammatory cytokines in ZDF rats. Overall, SalA can sustain intestinal microbiota balance and improve the lipid metabolism of ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Abulikemu Abulizi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jinyao Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ruicheng Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 856 Luoyu Rd, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430061, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
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13
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Chi MH, Chao J, Ko CY, Huang SS. An Ethnopharmaceutical Study on the Hypolipidemic Formulae in Taiwan Issued by Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900693. [PMID: 36188612 PMCID: PMC9520573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, approximately one-third of ischemic heart diseases are due to hyperlipidemia, which has been shown to cause various metabolic disorders. This study was aimed to disassemble and analyze hypolipidemic formulae sold by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pharmacies. Using commonly used statistical parameters in ethnopharmacology, we identified the core drug combination of the hypolipidemic formulae, thereby exploring the strategy by which the Taiwanese people select hypolipidemic drugs. Most important of all, we preserved the inherited knowledge of TCM. We visited 116 TCM pharmacies in Taiwan and collected 91 TCM formulae. The formulae were mainly disassembled by macroscopical identification, and the medicinal materials with a relative frequency of citation (RFC) >0.2 were defined as commonly used medicinal materials. Subsequently, we sorted the information of medicinal materials recorded in the Pharmacopeia, searched for modern pharmacological research on commonly used medicinal materials using PubMed database, and visualized data based on the statistical results. Finally, the core hypolipidemic medicinal materials used in folk medicine were obtained. Of the 91 TCM formulae collected in this study, 80 traditional Chinese medicinal materials were used, belonging to 43 families, predominantly Lamiaceae. Roots were the most commonly used part as a medicinal material. There were 17 commonly used medicinal materials. Based on medicinal records in Pharmacopeia, most flavors and properties were warm and pungent, the majority traditional effects were “tonifying and replenishing” and “blood-regulating.” Besides, the targeted diseases searching from modern pharmacological studies were diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The core medicinal materials consisted of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, and the core formulae were Bu-Yang-Huan-Wu-Tang and Xie-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang. In addition, 7 groups of folk misused medicinal materials were found. Although these TCMs have been used for a long period of time, their hypolipidemic mechanisms remain unclear, and further studies are needed to validate their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Han Chi
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung Chao
- Master Program for Food and Drug Safety, Chinese Medicine Research Center, Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Ko
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Shyh-Shyun Huang,
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14
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Hong M, Wu Y, Zhang H, Gu J, Chen J, Guan Y, Qin X, Li Y, Cao J. Network pharmacology and experimental analysis to reveal the mechanism of Dan-Shen-Yin against endothelial to mesenchymal transition in atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:946193. [PMID: 36091823 PMCID: PMC9449326 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.946193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of plaque and endothelial dysfunction. Under pro-inflammatory conditions, endothelial cells adopt a mesenchymal phenotype by a process called endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Dan-Shen-Yin (DSY) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular mechanism whereby DSY mitigates atherosclerosis remains unknown. Therefore, we employed a network pharmacology-based strategy in this study to determine the therapeutic targets of DSY, and in vitro experiments to understand the molecular pharmacology mechanism. The targets of the active ingredients of DSY related to EndMT and atherosclerosis were obtained and used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network followed by network topology and functional enrichment analysis. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the PI3K/AKT pathway was the principal signaling pathway of DSY against EndMT in atherosclerosis. Molecular docking simulations indicated strong binding capabilities of DSY’s bioactive ingredients toward PI3K/AKT pathway molecules. Experimentally, DSY could efficiently modify expression of signature EndMT genes and decrease expression of PI3K/AKT pathway signals including integrin αV, integrin β1, PI3K, and AKT1 in TGF-β2-treated HUVECs. LASP1, which is upstream of the PI3K/AKT pathway, had strong binding affinity to the majority of DSY’s bioactive ingredients, was induced by EndMT-promoting stimuli involving IL-1β, TGF-β2, and hypoxia, and was downregulated by DSY. Knock-down of LASP1 attenuated the expression of integrin αV, integrin β1, PI3K, AKT1 and EndMT-related genes induced by TGF-β2, and minimized the effect of DSY. Thus, our study showed that DSY potentially exerted anti-EndMT activity through the LASP1/PI3K/AKT pathway, providing a possible new therapeutic intervention for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Hong
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubiao Wu
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyi Zhang
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinchao Gu
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Encephalopathy Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yancheng Guan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiude Qin
- Encephalopathy Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Li
- Nursing Department, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Cao
- The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Lin S, Mo C, Yan L, Zhang F, Liu X, Ma H, Chen C, Fan W, Liu K, Zhu Q, He Q. Protective effects of salavianolic acid A on clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1978-1985. [PMID: 35857334 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of clozapine (CLZ), an atypical antipsychotic drug, was affected by side effects, such as cardiotoxicity. We selected normally-developing zebrafish embryos to explore the antagonism of salvianolic acid A (SAA) against clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity. Embryos were treated with CLZ and SAA, and zebrafish phenotypes were observed at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h after treatment. The observed phenotypes included heart shape, heart rate, and venous sinus-arterial bulb (SV-BA) interval. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect changes in the expression of genes involved in heart inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The results showed that SAA relieved pericardial edema, increased heart rate, and reduced the SV-BA interval. The PCR results also showed that when the zebrafish embryos were incubated with SAA and CLZ for 96 h, the expression of il-1b and nfkb2 were significantly down-regulated, the expression of sod1 and cat were significantly up-regulated, the expressions of mcl1a and mcl1b were significantly down-regulated. In summary, SAA can antagonized clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Lin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Cailian Mo
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Luyi Yan
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Honglin Ma
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Chuanlin Chen
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Science and technology service platform, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
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16
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Yuan JY, Fu Y, Feng ZH, Sang F, Shao MY, Li LL. Potential Mechanisms and Effects of Chinese Medicines in Treatment of Diabetic Atherosclerosis by Modulating NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Narrative Review. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:753-761. [PMID: 35507299 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is an intracellular sensor that detects endogenous danger signals and environmental irritants to assemble into the NLRP3 inflammasome. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleutkin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and induces pyroptosis. Recent studies have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in the initiation and progression of diabetic atherosclerosis through pathological mechanisms such as β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, endothelial cell dysfunction, monocyte adhesion and infiltration, and smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. In diabetic atherosclerosis, Chinese medicine has been proven effective for the inflammatory response mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. This review summarizes the latest progress on the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis and potential Chinese medicine treatment of diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yao Yuan
- School of First Clinical, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Zhi-Hai Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Feng Sang
- Department of Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ming-Yi Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Lei-Lei Li
- School of First Clinical, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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17
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Zhang H, Chen H, Wu X, Sun T, Fan M, Tong H, Zhu Y, Yin Z, Sun W, Zhang C, Zheng X, Chen X. Tetramethylpyrazine alleviates diabetes-induced high platelet response and endothelial adhesion via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153860. [PMID: 34836743 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory state of diabetes promotes high platelet response and endothelial adhesion, which are the main risk factors for cardiovascular events. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an amide alkaloid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, which has been widely used in the clinical treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate whether TMP could alleviate diabetes-induced high platelet response and endothelial adhesion and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model was established by high-fat feeding combined with low dose of streptozotocin. Rats in the TMP treatment group were administered with TMP (100 or 200 mg/kg) for 21 days. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated with glucose (5.5 mM) to induce endothelial activation. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) over- and low-expressing cell models were established via transfection of NLRP3 lentivirus plasmid into HUVECs. INF39 (25 mg/kg), a chemical inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome, was used to explore the role of NLRP3 in T2DM associated high platelet response and endothelial adhesion. RESULTS TMP effectively improved the prothrombotic phenotypes and inhibited the expression of vascular inflammatory factors and adhesion molecules in T2DM rats. TMP inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome and reduced the adhesion of HUVECs to platelets and monocytes in vitro. Over-expression of NLRP3 blocked the effect of TMP on HUVECs activation and adhesion, while TMP had no effect on NLRP3 low-expressing HUVECs. The NLRP3 inhibitor INF39 produced similar effects of TMP on diabetes-induced high platelet response, endothelial adhesion and vascular inflammation. CONCLUSION TMP ameliorates diabetes-induced high platelet response and endothelial adhesion via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in T2DM rats, which provide a new basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of diabetes-associated cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhang
- College of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, QinHuai District, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hanyu Chen
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, QinHuai District, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, QinHuai District, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Manlu Fan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, QinHuai District, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Huaqin Tong
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, QinHuai District, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yejin Zhu
- School of Medicine • Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weixin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Medicine • Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Gulou District, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, QinHuai District, Nanjing 210029, China.
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18
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Li X, Xiao GY, Guo T, Song YJ, Li QM. Potential therapeutic role of pyroptosis mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome in type 2 diabetes and its complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:986565. [PMID: 36387904 PMCID: PMC9646639 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.986565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new way of programmed cell death, pyroptosis plays a vital role in many diseases. In recent years, the relationship between pyroptosis and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has received increasing attention. Although the current treatment options for T2D are abundant, the occurrence and development of T2D appear to continue, and the poor prognosis and high mortality of patients with T2D remain a considerable burden in the global health system. Numerous studies have shown that pyroptosis mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome can affect the progression of T2D and its complications; targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome has potential therapeutic effects. In this review, we described the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis more comprehensively, discussed the most updated progress of pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome in T2D and its complications, and listed some drugs and agents with potential anti-pyroptosis effects. Based on the available evidence, exploring more mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway may bring more options and benefits for preventing and treating T2D and drug development.
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Bai Y, Mu Q, Bao X, Zuo J, Fang X, Hua J, Zhang D, Jiang G, Li P, Gao S, Zhao D. Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Treatment Of Diabetes and Diabetic Complications: Role of Natural Compounds from Herbal Medicine. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1587-1604. [PMID: 34631209 PMCID: PMC8460305 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a common metabolic disease with various complications, is becoming a serious global health pandemic. So far there are many approaches in the management of diabetes; however, it still remains irreversible due to its complicated pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a vital role in the progression of diabetes and many of its complications, making it a promising therapeutic target in pharmaceutical design. Natural derived herbal medicine, known for its utilization of natural products such as herbs or its bioactive ingredients, is shown to be able to ameliorate hyperglycemia-associated symptoms and to postpone the progression of diabetic complications due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. In this review, we summarized the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetes and several diabetic complications, as well as 31 active compounds that exert therapeutic effect on diabetic complications via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Improving our understanding of these promising candidates from natural compounds in herbal medicine targeting NLRP3 inflammasome inspires us the relationship between inflammation and metabolic disorders, and also sheds light on searching potential agents or therapies in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- 1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Mu
- 2Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Bao
- 3Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Zuo
- 1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fang
- 3Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hua
- 3Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- 1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- 1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- 3Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- 1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- 1College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Song L, Zhang J, Lai R, Li Q, Ju J, Xu H. Chinese Herbal Medicines and Active Metabolites: Potential Antioxidant Treatments for Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675999. [PMID: 34054550 PMCID: PMC8155674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex chronic disease that occurs in the arterial wall. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. The dominance of oxidative stress over antioxidative capacity generates excess reactive oxygen species, leading to dysfunctions of the endothelium and accelerating atherosclerotic plaque progression. Studies showed that Chinese herbal medicines and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) might regulate oxidative stress; they have already been used to treat diseases related to atherosclerosis, including stroke and myocardial infarction. This review will summarize the mechanisms of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and discuss studies of Chinese herbal medicines and TCM preparations treating atherosclerosis, aiming to increase understanding of TCM and stimulate research for new drugs to treat diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxia Song
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runmin Lai
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyi Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqing Ju
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Yu L, Gao R, Song X, Li X, Zhu J. Cardio-protective and Anti-atherosclerosis Effect of Crocetin on Vitamin D3 and HFD-induced Atherosclerosis in Rats. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1447-1459. [PMID: 34615830 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a chronic disease and causes the highest rate of death globally. CVD-related deaths account for 80% of all deaths in low and middle-income countries, such as China. Crocetin (CT), a carotenoid phytoconstituent already confirm their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various diseases animal models. In the study, we make effort to access the cardio-protective effect of Crocetin against vitamin D3 and high fat induced atherosclerosis in rats and scrutinize the underlying mechanism. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study and rats were divided into different groups and high fat diet and vitamin D was used for induction the atherosclerosis. The rats were received oral administration of crocetin (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) and simvastatin (0.5 mg/kg) until 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, lipid, cardiac markers, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, pro-inflammatory cytokines and atherogenic index were estimated. The mRNA expression of Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in aortic tissue of the atherosclerotic rats. Crocetin significantly reduced the aortic membrane thickness and platelet aggregation rates. Crocetin also dose-dependently reduced total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and augmented the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Additionally, Crocetin significantly (p < 0.001) abridged the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) and augmented the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Furthermore, Crocetin significantly (p < 0.001) dose-dependently reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Crocetin attenuated mRNA expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and MCP-1. Crocetin had anti-atherosclerosis and cardio-protective effects on vitamin D3 and high fat induced atherosclerosis in rats through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laizeng Yu
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Xinzhonglu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ruihua Gao
- Nursing College, Nanchang Medical College
| | - Xuewen Song
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Xinzhonglu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xuechao Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fenghuangling Street Hospital
| | - Jiacheng Zhu
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Xinzhonglu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Geng P, Xu X, Gao Z. Sinomenine Suppress the Vitamin D3 and High Fat Induced Atherosclerosis in Rats via Suppress of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1815-1828. [PMID: 34866111 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a cardiovascular disease that arise due to dysfunction of lipid deposition and metabolism. AS is causes the mortality and morbidity worldwide. Sinomenine isolated from the Sinomenium acutum is used extensively against the various cardiac diseases in China. However, the anti-atherosclerosis effect of sinomenine still not explore. In this study, we explore the cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerosis effect of sinomenine against Vitamin D3 and High fat induced atherosclerosis in rats. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study. The rats were received the vitamin D (60000) and High fat diet to induce the atherosclerosis and divided into groups and received the oral administration of sinomenine (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and simvastatin (5 mg/kg). Body weight, organ weight and biochemical parameters were estimated. The mRNA expression of MyD88, TLR4, NF-κB and IκB were estimated. Sinomenine treated rats significantly (p<0.001) suppressed the body weight and modulated the organ weight (hepatic, renal and heart). Sinomenine significantly (p<0.001) decreased the level of triacylglycerols (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and augmented the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Sinomenine treatment also reduced the level of atherogenic index (TC/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c). Sinomenine treatment decrease the ratio of HMG CoA/Mevalonate and level of collagen and total protein. Sinomenine significantly (p<0.001) altered the level of heart parameters, antioxidant parameters and inflammatory cytokines. Sinomenine significantly (p<0.001) reduced the expression of MyD88, TLR4, NF-κB and IκB. Taken together, sinomenine exhibited the protective effect against the atherosclerosis via alteration of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an XD Group Hospital
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an XD Group Hospital
| | - Zhao Gao
- Department of Cardiology of Heart Disease Hospital, XI'AN International Medical Center Hospital
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Chalcones Display Anti-NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity in Macrophages through Inhibition of Both Priming and Activation Steps-Structure-Activity-Relationship and Mechanism Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245960. [PMID: 33339319 PMCID: PMC7767297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are responsible for biological activity throughout fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants in preventing and treating a variety of inflammation-related diseases. However, their structure-activity relationship (SAR) in inhibiting inflammasome activation has not been explored. We synthesized numerous chalcones and determined their SAR on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed ATP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. 11Cha1 displayed good inhibitory activity on release reaction of caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18. It significantly inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation and proteolytic degradation of IĸB-α and nuclear translocation of NF-ĸB, but had little effect on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activities. Furthermore, 11Cha1 blocked LPS-induced up-regulation of NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, ASC, IL-18, and IL-1β, indicating the suppression on priming step of inflammasome activation. ASC dimerization and oligomerization are considered to be direct evidence for inflammasome activation. 11Cha1 profoundly inhibited ATP-induced formation of ASC dimers, trimers, and oligomers, and the assembly of ASC, pro-caspase-1, and NLRP3 in inflammasome formation. Decrease of intracellular K+ levels is the common cellular activity elicited by all NLRP3 inflammasome activators. 11Cha1 substantially diminished ATP-mediated K+ efflux, confirming the anti-NLRP3 inflammasome activity of 11Cha1. In summary, the SAR of chalcone derivatives in anti-inflammasome activities was examined. Besides, 11Cha1 inhibited both priming and activation steps of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. It inhibited NF-ĸB activation and subsequently suppressed the up-regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome components including NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1, pro-IL-18, and pro-IL-1β. Next, 11Cha1 blocked ATP-mediated K+ efflux and suppressed the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to the inhibition of caspase-1 activation and proteolytic cleavage, maturation, and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18.
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Castejón-Vega B, Giampieri F, Alvarez-Suarez JM. Nutraceutical Compounds Targeting Inflammasomes in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4829. [PMID: 32650482 PMCID: PMC7402342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The macromolecular complex known as "inflammasome" is defined as an intracellular multi-protein complex composed of a sensor receptor (PRR), an adaptor protein and an effector enzyme (caspase-1), which oligomerize when they sense danger, such as how the NLR family, AIM-2 and RIG-1 receptors protect the body against danger via cytokine secretion. Within the NLR members, NLRP3 is the most widely known and studied inflammasome and has been linked to many diseases. Nowadays, people's interest in their lifestyles and nutritional habits is increasing, mainly due to the large number of diseases that seem to be related to both. The term "nutraceutical" has recently emerged as a hybrid term between "nutrition" and "pharmacological" and it refers to a wide range of bioactive compounds contained in food with relevant effects on human health. The relationship between these compounds and diseases based on inflammatory processes has been widely exposed and the compounds stand out as an alternative to the pathological consequences that inflammatory processes may have, beyond their defense and repair action. Against this backdrop, here we review the results of studies using several nutraceutical compounds in common diseases associated with the inflammation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasomes complex. In general, it was found that there is a wide range of nutraceuticals with effects through different molecular pathways that affect the activation of the inflammasome complex, with positive effects mainly in cardiovascular, neurological diseases, cancer and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Castejón-Vega
- Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez, Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - José M. Alvarez-Suarez
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas (FICA), AgroScience & Food Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, 170125 Quito, Ecuador
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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