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Yang D, Tian T, Li X, Zhang B, Qi L, Zhang F, Han M, Wang S, Xiao J, Gou Y, Zhang R, Liu Q, Su S, Liu J, Huang X, Gao Q, Hui L, Tang H, Chen Y, Wang H, Wei B. ZNT1 and Zn 2+ control TLR4 and PD-L1 endocytosis in macrophages to improve chemotherapy efficacy against liver tumor. Hepatology 2024; 80:312-329. [PMID: 37816045 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HCC is closely associated with inflammation and immune modulation, and combined chemotherapy with other strategies is under extensive investigation to achieve better efficacy. HCC is accompanied by zinc (Zn) deficiency. This study aims to understand how Zn could affect macrophage function and its application for HCC therapy. APPROACH AND RESULTS Zn 2+ and the Zn transporter 1 (ZNT1, solute carrier family 30 member 1) were markedly reduced in intrahepatic macrophages from patients with HCC and from mouse liver tumors. Lower ZNT1 expression was associated with higher IL-6 production and shorter survival time in patients with HCC. Critically, ZNT1 regulated endosomal Zn 2+ levels for endocytosis of toll-like receptor 4 and programmed cell death ligand 1, thereby decreasing macrophage-induced inflammation and immunosuppression to protect from liver tumors. Myeloid-specific deletion of ZNT1 in mice increased chronic inflammation, liver fibrosis, tumor numbers, and size. Notably, Zn supplementation could reduce inflammation and surface programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in macrophages with the increased CD8 + T cell cytotoxicity, which synergized the antitumor efficacy of Sorafenib/Lenvatinib. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposes a new concept that ZNT1 and Zn regulate endosome endocytosis to maintain surface receptors, and Zn supplements might be synergized with chemotherapy to treat inflammation-associated tumors, especially those containing programmed cell death ligand 1 + myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taikun Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baokai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingshun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Gou
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Raorao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Su
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Metabolomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowu Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijian Hui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Metabolomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC ), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University
| | - Hongyan Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Ostadmohammadi V, Namazi MJ, Rezasoltani M, Kheirkhah D, Rajabi M, Sharif A, Taghavi Ardakani A, Raygan F, Assareh AA, Sharif MR. Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Inflammatory Status and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Overweight or Obese Children: a Randomized Clinical Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3496-3503. [PMID: 37989929 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present clinical trial was to determine the impact of zinc supplementation on serum liver enzymes, steatosis severity, lipid profile, and inflammatory status in overweight or obese children with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This randomized controlled trial was conducted by enrolling 60 children with NASH, aged 10-18 years old. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups that received either 30 mg/day of elemental zinc or placebo for 16 weeks. The severity of liver steatosis was evaluated using liver ultrasonography. Fasting blood samples were collected from each patient at the beginning and after 16 weeks of intervention to measure biochemical parameters. Following a 16-week intervention, zinc supplementation compared with placebo significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and considerably enhanced HDL-cholesterol values. However, zinc intake had no considerable impact on aspartate aminotransferase, the severity of liver steatosis, anthropometric parameters, and other lipid indices versus the placebo group. Overall, zinc supplementation showed a promising impact on serum ALT, HDL-cholesterol, and inflammatory status in overweight or obese children suffering from NASH. Zinc supplementation may be a new strategy for the amelioration of NASH in overweight or obese children. This trial has been registered on the Iranian website for registration of clinical trials with the special ID of IRCT20200531047614N1 ( https://www.irct.ir/trial/48543 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Namazi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Health Sciences and Social Work, Western Illinois University, Macomb, USA
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Rezasoltani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Kheirkhah
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rajabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharif
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abbas Taghavi Ardakani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fariba Raygan
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amelia A Assareh
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Sharif
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Lima FDS, Gonçalves CEDS, Fock RA. Zinc and aging: a narrative review of the effects on hematopoiesis and its link with diseases. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1125-1137. [PMID: 37717139 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a global increase in the older population in recent decades and, as age advances, complex metabolic and epigenetic changes occur in the organism, and these may trigger some health complications commonly found among this population. Additionally, several changes occur in older people that can reduce the dietary intake or the process of nutrient absorption. In this way, tissues with high nutrient requirements are more affected. Hematopoiesis is the process of formation, development, and maturation of blood cells and is a process with a high turnover. This high demand makes the integrity of the hematopoietic process susceptible to various factors that impair physiological function, such as aging and micronutrient bioavailability. Among these micronutrients, Zinc is considered an important micronutrient, playing diverse roles across various tissues and cell types. Some of the alterations in hematopoiesis that appear as a consequence of aging and due to insufficient micronutrient intake are well described in the literature; however, not much is known about how zinc deficiency contributes towards the development of diseases seen in aging. Considering the importance of zinc to act on several biological processes, this narrative review discusses several studies related to the physiological requirements, deficiency, or excess of zinc, including studies in experimental models and humans, and aimed to shed light on the relationship between zinc and the regulation of hematopoietic tissue, exploring possible links between this mineral with common disorders that appear during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Da Silva Lima
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Adetunji AG, Obeng-Gyasi E. Investigating the Interplay of Toxic Metals and Essential Elements in Liver Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:762. [PMID: 38929008 PMCID: PMC11203836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are a growing global health issue. Environmental exposure to toxic metals can harm the liver, increasing the risk of NAFLD. Essential elements are vital for liver health, but imbalances or deficiencies can contribute to the development of NAFLD. Therefore, understanding the interplay between toxic metals and essential elements in liver disease is important. This study aims to assess the individual and combined effects of toxic metals (lead(Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg)), and essential elements (manganese and selenium) on the risk of liver disease. Methods: We assessed the individual and combined effects of Pb, Cd, Hg, manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) on liver disease risk using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2017 and 2018. We performed descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis and then utilized Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) techniques such as univariate, bivariate, and overall effect analysis. BKMR enabled the assessment of non-linear exposure-response functions and interactions between metals and essential elements. Posterior Inclusion Probabilities (PIPs) were calculated to determine the importance of each metal and essential element in contributing to liver disease. Regarding our study results, the regression analysis of liver injury biomarkers ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin, and the FLI-an indicator of NAFLD-with toxic metals and essential elements, adjusting for covariates such as age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, ethnicity, income, and smoking status, demonstrated the differential effects of these contaminants on the markers of interest. Our BKMR analysis provided further insights. For instance, the PIP results underscored Pb's consistent importance in contributing to liver disease (PIP = 1.000), followed by Hg (PIP = 0.9512), Cd (PIP = 0.5796), Se (PIP = 0.5572), and Mn (PIP = 0.4248). Our univariate analysis showed a positive trend with Pb, while other exposures were relatively flat. Our analysis of the single-variable effects of toxic metals and essential elements on NAFLD also revealed that Pb significantly affected the risk of NAFLD. Our bivariate analysis found a positive (toxic) trend when Pb was combined with other metals and essential elements. For the overall exposure effect of exposure to all the contaminants together, the estimated risk of NAFLD showed a steady increase from the 60th to the 75th percentile. In conclusion, our study indicates that Pb exposure, when combined with other toxic metals and essential elements, plays a significant role in bringing about adverse liver disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke Gbemi Adetunji
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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Suruli PK, Rangappa P, Jacob I, Rao K, Shivashanker S. Zinc Deficiency in Critically Ill Patients: Impact on Clinical Outcome. Cureus 2024; 16:e61690. [PMID: 38975455 PMCID: PMC11224045 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc is a trace element essential for the normal functioning of many vital enzymes and organ systems. Studies examining the rates and degrees of zinc deficiency and its consequences in patients with critical illnesses remain scarce. Materials and methods This is a prospective observational study assessing zinc deficiency in critically ill adult patients admitted to a tertiary care intensive care unit (ICU) and its impact on clinical outcomes. Patients were divided into those with normal (≥ 71 µg/dl) and low (≤ 70 µg/dl) zinc levels. Zinc-deficient patients were further divided into mild, moderate, and severe zinc deficiency groups based on zinc levels of 61-70 µg/dl, 51-60 µg/dl, and below 51 µg/dl, respectively. The primary outcome assessed was ICU mortality, and the secondary outcomes were ICU length of stay (LOS), duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), acute kidney injury (AKI) at admission, need for non-invasive ventilation (NIV), renal replacement therapy (RRT), or vasopressors during the course of the ICU. Other parameters compared included APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) II, SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score on day 1, and levels of lactate, procalcitonin, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and serum albumin. The study also compared the mean zinc levels in patients with low and high SOFA scores (scores up to 7 vs. 8 and above) and low and high APACHE II values (scores up to 15 vs. 16 and above). Results A total of 50 patients were included, of whom 43 (86%) were zinc deficient. Mortality in zinc-deficient and normal zinc-level patients was 33% and 43%, respectively (p = 0.602). Patients with zinc deficiency were also older (mean age 69 vs. 49 years, p = 0.02). There was no difference in secondary outcome parameters, except for more zinc-deficient patients needing RRT. Twenty-six of the zinc-deficient patients had severe zinc deficiency, ten moderate, and seven mild (p = 0.663). ICU mortality was approximately 42%, 10%, and 29% in the severe, moderate, and mild deficiency groups, respectively (p = 0.092). Zinc levels were similar between those with low and high APACHE II scores (mean 47.9 vs. 45.5 µg/dl, p = 0.606) as well as between low and high SOFA scores (mean 47.8 vs. 45.7 µg/dl, p = 0.054). Conclusion The present study suggests that zinc deficiency is very common in critically ill patients but does not correlate with their severity of illness, nor does it lead to a poorer outcome in these patients. However, further studies with a larger cohort of patients would be required to make definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Suruli
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Manipal Hospital Yeshwantpur, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Pradeep Rangappa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Manipal Hospital Yeshwantpur, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Ipe Jacob
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Manipal Hospital Yeshwantpur, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Karthik Rao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Manipal Hospital Yeshwantpur, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Sweta Shivashanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal Hospital Yeshwantpur, Bengaluru, IND
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Tinkov AA, Korobeinikova TV, Morozova GD, Aschner M, Mak DV, Santamaria A, Rocha JBT, Sotnikova TI, Tazina SI, Skalny AV. Association between serum trace element, mineral, and amino acid levels with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult women. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 83:127397. [PMID: 38290269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is assessment of serum trace element and amino acid levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with subsequent evaluation of its independent associations with markers of liver injury and metabolic risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS 140 women aged 20-90 years old with diagnosed NAFLD and 140 healthy women with a respective age range were enrolled in the current study. Analysis of serum and hair levels of trace elements and minerals was performed with inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). Serum amino acid concentrations were evaluated by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV-detection. In addition, routine biochemical parameters including liver damage markers, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), were assessed spectrophotometrically. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that patients with NAFLD were characterized by higher ALT, GGT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cholinesterase (CE) activity, as well as increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid. NAFLD patients were characterized by reduced serum and hair Co, Se, and Zn levels, as well as hair Cu content and serum Mn concentrations in comparison to controls. Circulating Ala, Cit, Glu, Gly, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Tyr levels in NAFLD patients exceeded those in the control group. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that serum and hair trace element levels were significantly associated with circulating amino acid levels after adjustment for age, BMI, and metabolic parameters including liver damage markers. CONCLUSION It is proposed that altered trace element handling may contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis through modulation of amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia; Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Korobeinikova
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina D Morozova
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 10461 Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Daria V Mak
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Faculty of Sciencies, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900 RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana I Sotnikova
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; City Clinical Hospital n. a. S.P. Botkin of the Moscow City Health Department, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Serafima Ia Tazina
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; City Clinical Hospital n. a. S.P. Botkin of the Moscow City Health Department, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, and World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", and Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia; Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Buckholz AP, Brown RS. Future Therapies of Hepatic Encephalopathy. Clin Liver Dis 2024; 28:331-344. [PMID: 38548443 PMCID: PMC10987054 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy, either covert or overt, affects more than half of patients with cirrhosis and has lasting effects even after portal hypertension is corrected. Unfortunately, the current therapeutic options still result in high rates of relapse and progression, in part owing to cost barriers and side effects, leading to poor adherence. This review summarizes emerging treatment options, which could take advantage of alternative disease pathways to improve future care of those with hepatic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Buckholz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York/Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical College, 1305 York Avenue, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robert S Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York/Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical College, 1305 York Avenue, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Ferenc K, Sokal-Dembowska A, Filip R. Nutritional Support: The Use of Antioxidants in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4390. [PMID: 38673974 PMCID: PMC11050446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The problem of treating inflammatory bowel disease continues to be a topic of great interest for researchers. Despite the complexity surrounding their treatment and strategies to prolong periods of remission, there is a promising exploration of various compounds that have potential in combating inflammation and alleviating symptoms. Selenium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and iron are among these compounds, offering a glimpse of hope in the treatment of IBD. These essential minerals not only hold the promise of reducing inflammation in these diseases, but also show the potential to enhance immune function and possibly influence the balance of intestinal microflora. By potentially modulating the gut microbiota, they may help support overall immune health. Furthermore, these compounds could play a crucial role in mitigating inflammation and minimising complications in patients with IBD. Furthermore, the protective effect of these compounds against mucosal damage in IBD and the protective effect of calcium itself against osteoporosis in this group of patients are notable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jarmakiewicz-Czaja
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (S.J.-C.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Aneta Sokal-Dembowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (S.J.-C.); (A.S.-D.)
| | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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Zhi K, Dong W, Du Y, Tuo T, Wei J, Song S, Cui J, Zhang J. Novel and safe debranched starch-zinc complexes with endoconcave structure as zinc supplements. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121826. [PMID: 38368105 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Zinc deficiency is a serious risk to human health and growth, especially in children. The development of zinc supplements can effectively reduce this harm. Here, a series of debranched starch‑zinc complexes (DS-Zn) were prepared, whose zinc complexation was inversely proportional to the amylopectin content in the debranched starch (DS). The physicochemical properties of DS-Zn were characterized using the conductivity, XRD, iodine staining and thermogravimetry. Combined with XPS, solid-state 13C NMR and IR, it was elucidated that the structure of DS-Zn is endoconcave structure with 2-O and 3-O of DS on the inner side and 6-O of DS on the outer side, where zinc is located. The DS-Zn exhibits good biosafety including blood, cellular and mutagenicity. In vitro simulations of digestion and zinc-deficient cellular models showed that DS-Zn was more tolerant to the gastrointestinal environment and more effective in zinc supplementation (increased by 33 %) than inorganic zinc supplements. Utilizing the compressibility of starch, DS-Zn was prepared as a more palatable oral cartoon tablet for children. This study will provide important support to advance the development and application of novel starch-based zinc nutritional supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Zhi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
| | - Wenhui Dong
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yanjing Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tongtong Tuo
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Junqing Wei
- Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Shen Song
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Jiajia Cui
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; Institute of New Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
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Fu Y, Wang Z, Qin H. Examining the Pathogenesis of MAFLD and the Medicinal Properties of Natural Products from a Metabolic Perspective. Metabolites 2024; 14:218. [PMID: 38668346 PMCID: PMC11052500 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), characterized primarily by hepatic steatosis, has become the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, affecting approximately two-fifths of the global population. The pathogenesis of MAFLD is extremely complex, and to date, there are no approved therapeutic drugs for clinical use. Considerable evidence indicates that various metabolic disorders play a pivotal role in the progression of MAFLD, including lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and micronutrients. In recent years, the medicinal properties of natural products have attracted widespread attention, and numerous studies have reported their efficacy in ameliorating metabolic disorders and subsequently alleviating MAFLD. This review aims to summarize the metabolic-associated pathological mechanisms of MAFLD, as well as the natural products that regulate metabolic pathways to alleviate MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.F.); (Z.W.)
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11
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Huyan Y, Nan X, Li H, Sun S, Xu Y. A novel FA1-targeting fluorescent probe for specific discrimination and identification of human serum albumin from bovine serum albumin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3810-3813. [PMID: 38488056 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00407h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A novel probe C1 combining benzothiazole with a spiropyran section was developed for the specific detection of human serum albumin (HSA). The molecular docking suggested that the sulphonic acid group modification allowed C1 to form specific hydrogen bonds with lysine (Lys137) at fatty acid site 1 (FA1) of HSA, thus enabling fluorescence differentiation between HSA and BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Huyan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaojing Nan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Hongjuan Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Shiguo Sun
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
| | - Yongqian Xu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China.
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12
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Elsabaawy M, Alhaddad O. Forgettable in the care of liver cirrhosis: the unseen culprits of progression from bad to worse. PRZEGLAD GASTROENTEROLOGICZNY 2024; 19:6-17. [PMID: 38571544 PMCID: PMC10985753 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2024.136361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Patients with liver cirrhosis constitute a critically ill and unique population, and their stability relies on a well-coordinated multidisciplinary team with a carefully structured plan. Overlooking any aspect of this plan can expedite disease progression, leading to severe complications. The lack of disease-specific nutritional guidance, the prevalent sedentary lifestyle among patients, and insufficient screening for hepatocellular carcinoma, oesophageal varices, sarcopaenia, minimal hepatic encephalopathy, and diabetes mellitus, along with fibrosis progression and cirrhosis decompensation, can add further complexities. Additionally, devaluing the impact of obesity in triggering liver cirrhosis can be disadvantageous. Prolonged and inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors also poses a significant challenge with a wide range of complications. These often-unheeded aspects in the care of liver cirrhosis patients represents the unseen culprits of progression from bad to worse and warrant serious consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Elsabaawy
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Omkosoum Alhaddad
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Menoufia, Egypt
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13
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Kose H, Sivrikaya A, Menevse E. Maternal Fed Zinc-Deficient Diet: Effects on Relaxin Family Peptides and Oxidant System in the Testis and Liver Tissue of Male Offspring. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04113-8. [PMID: 38407794 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04113-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Today, the studies are limited on roles of insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3), insulin-like peptide 7 (INSL7), and relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) which are synthesized by the testis. It is aimed to investigate the levels of the sex hormone as testosterone and the family of insulin-like proteins (relaxin family peptides), which are important in the puberty transition, in the testicular and liver tissues of male offspring born to female rats fed a zinc-deficient diet during the pregnancy, and in the changes in lipid peroxidation markers. The study was performed on 40 male offspring. In Group I: Control group, both male offspring and mothers were fed with standard rat chow. In Group II: Zinc deficient diet, both male offspring and mothers were fed a zinc-deficient diet (2.8 mg/kg zinc). In Group III: Normal diet, male offspring fed standard rat chow for 45 days (66th day) after being separated from their mothers with a maternal zinc-deficient diet. In Group IV: Zinc-supplemented diet, offspring fed with zinc supplemented (5 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal zinc sulfate, i.p.) in addition to standard rat chow after being separated from their mothers with maternal zinc deficiency until the termination of the study (66th day). Our study suggests that zinc-supplemented diets play an important role in the changes in INSL3, INSL7, RXFP1, and testosterone levels during spermatogenesis. INSL7, INSL3, and RXFP1 levels were higher in zinc-supplemented group than the zinc-deficient diet group. Liver levels of INSL3, INSL7, and MDA were significantly different in zinc-deficiency diet group than zinc-supplemented group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamiyet Kose
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Sivrikaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Esma Menevse
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
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14
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Santangeli E, Abbati C, Chen R, Di Carlo A, Leoni S, Piscaglia F, Ferri S. Pathophysiological-Based Nutritional Interventions in Cirrhotic Patients with Sarcopenic Obesity: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:427. [PMID: 38337711 PMCID: PMC10857546 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, following the spread of obesity, metabolic dysfunction has come to represent the leading cause of liver disease. The classical clinical presentation of the cirrhotic patient has, therefore, greatly changed, with a dramatic increase in subjects who appear overweight or obese. Due to an obesogenic lifestyle (lack of physical activity and overall malnutrition, with an excess of caloric intake together with a deficit of proteins and micronutrients), these patients frequently develop a complex clinical condition defined as sarcopenic obesity (SO). The interplay between cirrhosis and SO lies in the sharing of multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, including malnutrition/malabsorption, chronic inflammation, hyperammonemia and insulin resistance. The presence of SO worsens the outcome of cirrhotic patients, affecting overall morbidity and mortality. International nutrition and liver diseases societies strongly agree on recommending the use of food as an integral part of the healing process in the comprehensive management of these patients, including a reduction in caloric intake, protein and micronutrient supplementation and sodium restriction. Based on the pathophysiological paths shared by cirrhosis and SO, this narrative review aims to highlight the nutritional interventions currently advocated by international guidelines, as well as to provide hints on the possible role of micronutrients and nutraceuticals in the treatment of this multifaceted clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Santangeli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Chiara Abbati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Rusi Chen
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Alma Di Carlo
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Simona Leoni
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Fabio Piscaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Silvia Ferri
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
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15
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Himoto T, Fujita K, Mimura S, Tani J, Morishita A, Kubota S, Masaki T. Involvement of essential trace elements in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus‑related chronic liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:19. [PMID: 38223320 PMCID: PMC10785032 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential trace elements are involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease (CLD), which causes hepatic inflammation, steatosis and fibrosis. The present study investigated the roles of essential trace elements in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus-related CLD (CLD-C) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and compared the levels of these trace elements between the two groups. Serum zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu) and ferritin levels were measured in patients with CLD-C (n=66) and NASH (n=26). Subsequently, the correlations between the levels of these essential trace elements in patient sera and the biochemical or pathological parameters of patients with CLD-C and NASH were determined. The results demonstrated that the serum ferritin levels were significantly correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase levels in both the CLD-C and NASH groups. In both groups, the serum Zn and Se levels were significantly associated with serum albumin levels, and inversely associated with the stages of hepatic fibrosis. Furthermore, serum ferritin levels were positively associated, and serum Zn levels were inversely correlated with the grades of hepatic steatosis in patients with CLD-C, whereas serum Se levels were closely associated with the grades of hepatic steatosis only in patients with NASH. In both groups, serum ferritin levels were positively correlated, and serum Zn levels were inversely correlated with homeostasis model for the assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, and serum Se was negatively correlated with the HOMA-IR values in patients with CLD-C only. In conclusion, these results indicated that the involvement of essential trace elements in insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis may differ slightly between patients with CLD-C and those with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Himoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0123, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shima Mimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Joji Tani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Asashiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | | | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Kagawa University, Faculty of Medicine, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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16
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Zheng Y, Wang L, Wang J, Zhao T, Wang J. Modulation of the HIF-1α-NCOA4-FTH1 Signaling Axis Regulating Ferroptosis-induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Senescence to Explore the Anti-hepatic Fibrosis Mechanism of Curcumol. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2821-2837. [PMID: 38351696 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673271261231213051410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Senescence of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) reduces extracellular matrix expression to reverse liver fibrosis. Ferroptosis is closely related to cellular senescence, but its regulatory mechanisms need to be further investigated. The iron ions weakly bound to ferritin in the cell are called labile iron pool (LIP), and together with ferritin, they maintain cellular iron homeostasis and regulate the cell's sensitivity to ferroptosis. METHODS We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to construct a pathological model group and divided the hepatic stellate cells into a blank group, a model group, and a curcumol 12.5 mg/L group, a curcumol 25 mg/L group, and a curcumol 50 mg/L group. HIF-1α-NCOA4- FTH1 signalling axis, ferroptosis and cellular senescence were detected by various cellular molecular biology experiments. RESULT We found that curcumol could induce hepatic stellate cell senescence by promoting iron death in hepatic stellate cells. Curcumol induced massive deposition of iron ions in hepatic stellate cells by activating the HIF-1α-NCOA4-FTH1 signalling axis, which further led to iron overload and lipid peroxidation-induced ferroptosis. Interestingly, our knockdown of HIF-1α rescued curcumol-induced LIP and iron deposition in hepatic stellate cells, suggesting that HIF-1α is a key target of curcumol in regulating iron metabolism and ferroptosis. We were able to rescue curcumol-induced hepatic stellate cell senescence when we reduced LIP and iron ion deposition using iron chelators. CONCLUSION Overall, curcumol induces ferroptosis and cellular senescence by increasing HIF-1α expression and increasing NCOA4 interaction with FTH1, leading to massive deposition of LIP and iron ions, which may be the molecular biological mechanism of its anti-liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
| | - Jiaru Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530222, Guangxi , China
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17
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Loeffler J, Elfiky A, Al Moussawi H, Ravindran N. Hyperammonemia Encephalopathy due to Urea Cycle Disorder Precipitated by Gastrointestinal Bleed in the Setting of Prior Bariatric Surgery. ACG Case Rep J 2023; 10:e01164. [PMID: 37799484 PMCID: PMC10550022 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The urea cycle is a metabolic pathway that excretes nitrogenous waste products from the body. Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) result from enzymatic deficiencies within this pathway, which can lead to life-threatening hyperammonemia. Gastric bypass-related hyperammonemia in patients who have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery has been previously reported. UCDs have been implicated as a cause of gastric bypass-related hyperammonemia. In this report, we present the case of a patient with a history of bariatric surgery who experienced severe hyperammonemia encephalopathy triggered by a gastrointestinal bleed due to an undiagnosed UCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Elfiky
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Staten Island University Hospital, NY
| | - Hassan Al Moussawi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Staten Island University Hospital, NY
| | - Nishal Ravindran
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Staten Island University Hospital, NY
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18
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Jiao G, Huang Y, Dai H, Gou H, Li Z, Shi H, Yang J, Ni S. Responses of rhizosphere microbial community structure and metabolic function to heavy metal coinhibition. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6177-6198. [PMID: 37269417 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal mineral mining results in releases of large amounts of heavy metals into the environment, and it is necessary to better understand the response of rhizosphere microbial communities to simultaneous stress from multiple heavy metals (HMs), which directly impacts plant growth and human health. In this study, by adding different concentrations of cadmium (Cd) to a soil with high background concentrations of vanadium (V) and chromium (Cr), the growth of maize during the jointing stage was explored under limiting conditions. High-throughput sequencing was used to explore the response and survival strategies of rhizosphere soil microbial communities to complex HM stress. The results showed that complex HMs inhibited the growth of maize at the jointing stage, and the diversity and abundance of maize rhizosphere soil microorganisms were significantly different at different metal enrichment levels. In addition, according to the different stress levels, the maize rhizosphere attracted many tolerant colonizing bacteria, and cooccurrence network analysis showed that these bacteria interacted very closely. The effects of residual heavy metals on beneficial microorganisms (such as Xanthomonas, Sphingomonas, and lysozyme) were significantly stronger than those of bioavailable metals and soil physical and chemical properties. PICRUSt analysis revealed that the different forms of V and Cd had significantly greater effects on microbial metabolic pathways than all forms of Cr. Cr mainly affected the two major metabolic pathways: microbial cell growth and division and environmental information transmission. In addition, significant differences in rhizosphere microbial metabolism under different concentrations were found, and this can serve as a reference for subsequent metagenomic analysis. This study is helpful for exploring the threshold for the growth of crops in toxic HM soils in mining areas and achieving further biological remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganghui Jiao
- College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Gou
- College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Zijing Li
- College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Huibin Shi
- College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Yibin Institute of Industrial Technology, Sichuan University Yibin Park, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Shijun Ni
- College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Sichuan, 610059, China
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19
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Jackson C, Kolba N, Tako E. Assessing the Interactions between Zinc and Vitamin A on Intestinal Functionality, Morphology, and the Microbiome In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2023; 15:2754. [PMID: 37375657 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary deficiencies in zinc (Zn) and vitamin A (VA) are among the leading micronutrient deficiencies globally and previous research has proposed a notable interaction between Zn and VA physiological status. This study aimed to assess the effects of zinc and vitamin A (isolated and combined) on intestinal functionality and morphology, and the gut microbiome (Gallus gallus). The study included nine treatment groups (n~11)-no-injection (NI); H2O; 0.5% oil; normal zinc (40 mg/kg ZnSO4) (ZN); low zinc (20 mg/kg) (ZL); normal retinoid (1500 IU/kg retinyl palmitate) (RN); low retinoid (100 IU/kg) (RL); normal zinc and retinoid (40 mg/kg; 1500 IU/kg) (ZNRN); low zinc and retinoid (ZLRL) (20 mg/kg; 100 IU/kg). Samples were injected into the amniotic fluid of the fertile broiler eggs. Tissue samples were collected upon hatch to target biomarkers. ZLRL reduced ZIP4 gene expression and upregulated ZnT1 gene expression (p < 0.05). Duodenal surface area increased the greatest in RL compared to RN (p < 0.01), and ZLRL compared to ZNRN (p < 0.05). All nutrient treatments yielded shorter crypt depths (p < 0.01). Compared to the oil control, ZLRL and ZNRN reduced (p < 0.05) the cecal abundance of Bifidobacterium and Clostridium genera (p < 0.05). These results suggest a potentially improved intestinal epithelium proceeding with Zn and VA intra-amniotic administration. Intestinal functionality and gut bacteria were modulated. Further research should characterize long-term responses and the microbiome profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cydney Jackson
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Nikolai Kolba
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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20
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Deep V, Sondhi S, Gupta S. Assessment of Serum Zinc Levels in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis of the Liver and Its Association With Disease Severity and Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Prospective Observational Study From North India. Cureus 2023; 15:e41207. [PMID: 37525813 PMCID: PMC10387324 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc, an essential trace element, plays a vital role in cellular metabolism, and the liver is the main organ responsible for its metabolism. Because serum zinc levels are found to be lowered in chronic liver diseases, it has been hypothesized to be a precipitating factor for the development of hepatic encephalopathy. Methodology This prospective, observational study included patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver who were admitted to the medical intensive care unit of a tertiary care institute in northern India between September 2021 and April 2023. The diagnosis was based on history and detailed clinical examination. The serum zinc levels of patients were estimated using atomic absorption spectrometry at admission and compared to that of healthy controls. Serum zinc levels were correlated with the severity of liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy among the cases. Results A total of 100 cases of decompensated cirrhosis of the liver and 50 healthy controls were included. The mean serum zinc level of the cases was 40.5 ± 10.0 µg/dL which was significantly lower than the mean serum zinc level (104.0±9.1 µg/dL) of controls (p < 0.0001). Serum zinc level was significantly lower in patients with higher grades of hepatic encephalopathy (p = 0.000). Similarly, serum zinc level was significantly reduced among patients with higher Child-Pugh and Model for End-stage Liver Disease scores. Conclusions Serum zinc level is significantly reduced in patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver, and lower serum zinc level is associated with the increased severity of the disease and higher grades of hepatic encephalopathy. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis of the liver, maintenance of adequate serum zinc levels may prevent hepatic encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vansh Deep
- General Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Mullana, IND
| | - Shankerdeep Sondhi
- General Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Mullana, IND
| | - Sunita Gupta
- General Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Mullana, IND
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21
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Lubna S, Ahmad R. Clinical and biochemical understanding of Zinc interaction during liver diseases: A paradigm shift. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 77:127130. [PMID: 36641955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential and the second most abundant trace element after Iron. It can apply antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activity. It is assumed to be indispensable for cell division, cellular differentiation and cell signalling. Zinc is essential for proper liver function which is also the site of its metabolism. Depleted Zn concentrations have been observed in both acute and chronic hepatic diseases. It is reported that Zn deficiency or abnormal Zn metabolism during majority of liver diseases is attributed to deficient dietary intake of Zn, augmented disposal of Zn in the urine, activation of certain Zn transporters, and expression of hepatic metallothionein. Undoubtedly, Zn is involved in generating many diseases but how and whether it plays role from acute to fulminant stage of all chronic liver diseases remains to be cleared. Here, we will discuss the role of Zn in development of different diseases specifically the involvement of Zn to understand the aetiology and intricate mechanism of dynamic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiba Lubna
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India.
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22
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Ullah MI, Alameen AAM, Al-Oanzi ZH, Eltayeb LB, Atif M, Munir MU, Ejaz H. Biological Role of Zinc in Liver Cirrhosis: An Updated Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041094. [PMID: 37189711 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a complication usually due to the consequence of persistent chronic liver disease. It is associated with different mechanisms, including hypoalbuminemia, impaired amino acid turnover, and micronutrient deficiencies. Consequently, cirrhotic patients can develop progressive complications like ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver is a vital organ that regulates the different metabolic pathways and transportation of trace elements. Zn is an indispensable micronutrient trace element involved in its crucial functions in cellular metabolic activity. Zn mediates its action by binding to a wide range of proteins; therefore, it imparts numerous biological effects, including cellular division, differentiation, and growth. It is also involved in critical processes for the biosynthesis of structural proteins and regulation of transcription factors and acts as a co-factor for the various enzymatic processes. As the liver is a significant regulator of Zn metabolism, its abnormalities lead to Zn deficiency, which has consequences on cellular, endocrine, immune, sensory, and skin dysfunctions. Conversely, Zn deficiency may modify the functions of hepatocytes and immune responses (acute phase protein production) in inflammatory liver diseases. This review has concisely stated the evolving indication of the critical role of Zn in biological processes and complications associated with liver cirrhosis pathogenesis due to Zn deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikram Ullah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Ali Mohammed Alameen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad H Al-Oanzi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lienda Bashier Eltayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Usman Munir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
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Tadokoro T, Morishita A, Himoto T, Masaki T. Nutritional Support for Alcoholic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061360. [PMID: 36986091 PMCID: PMC10059060 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is a common finding in alcohol use disorders and is associated with the prognosis of patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). These patients also frequently show deficiencies in vitamins and trace elements, increasing the likelihood of anemia and altered cognitive status. The etiology of malnutrition in ALD patients is multifactorial and complex and includes inadequate dietary intake, abnormal absorption and digestion, increased skeletal and visceral protein catabolism, and abnormal interactions between ethanol and lipid metabolism. Most nutritional measures derive from general chronic liver disease recommendations. Recently, many patients with ALD have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, which requires individualized treatment via nutritional therapy to avoid overnutrition. As ALD progresses to cirrhosis, it is frequently complicated by protein–energy malnutrition and sarcopenia. Nutritional therapy is also important in the management of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy as liver failure progresses. The purpose of the review is to summarize important nutritional therapies for the treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tadokoro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-87-891-2156
| | - Takashi Himoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu 761-0123, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan
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Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Including New Developments. Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:157-172. [PMID: 36400463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of alcohol consumption, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) has exponentially increased over the last several years and rates continue to increase. Significant alcohol use can cause progression from steatosis in the liver to inflammation, fibrosis, and eventually cirrhosis. Additional risk factors for the progression of ALD disease include gender, race, and genetic predisposition. As such, it is essential for clinicians to understand and implement screening tools for early diagnosis of both AUD and ALD and be aware of emerging novel treatment options.
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Kouroumalis E, Tsomidis I, Voumvouraki A. Iron as a therapeutic target in chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:616-655. [PMID: 36742167 PMCID: PMC9896614 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i4.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It was clearly realized more than 50 years ago that iron deposition in the liver may be a critical factor in the development and progression of liver disease. The recent clarification of ferroptosis as a specific form of regulated hepatocyte death different from apoptosis and the description of ferritinophagy as a specific variation of autophagy prompted detailed investigations on the association of iron and the liver. In this review, we will present a brief discussion of iron absorption and handling by the liver with emphasis on the role of liver macrophages and the significance of the iron regulators hepcidin, transferrin, and ferritin in iron homeostasis. The regulation of ferroptosis by endogenous and exogenous mod-ulators will be examined. Furthermore, the involvement of iron and ferroptosis in various liver diseases including alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease, chronic hepatitis B and C, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) will be analyzed. Finally, experimental and clinical results following interventions to reduce iron deposition and the promising manipulation of ferroptosis will be presented. Most liver diseases will be benefited by ferroptosis inhibition using exogenous inhibitors with the notable exception of HCC, where induction of ferroptosis is the desired effect. Current evidence mostly stems from in vitro and in vivo experimental studies and the need for well-designed future clinical trials is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Kouroumalis
- Liver Research Laboratory, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsomidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54621, Greece
| | - Argyro Voumvouraki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki 54621, Greece
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Glucose Homeostasis and Assessment of β-Cell Function by 3-hour Oral Glucose Tolerance (OGTT) in Patients with β-Thalassemia Major with Serum Ferritin below 1,000 ng/dL: Results from a Single ICET-A Centre. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2023; 15:e2023006. [PMID: 36660350 PMCID: PMC9833310 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2023.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The primary aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the glucose homeostasis and surrogate indices of insulin sensitivity and resistance, during a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in β-thalassemia major patients (β-TM) with serum ferritin (SF) below 1,000 ng/mL. Patients and methods The retrospective cohort study evaluated the medical records of 24 β-TM patients from 2010 to 2022. At the year of study the mean age of patients was 31.0 ± 4.1 (20-37.11) years; 13 (54.1%) were females. The most commonly used iron chelator was deferoxamine (DFO: 75%), followed by deferiprone (DFP:12.5%) and deferasirox (DFX: 12.5%). Insulin sensitivity and resistance indices were derived from OGTT. A liver iron concentration (LIC) < 3 mg/g d.w. and a global heart T2* value > 20 ms were considered as conservative cut-off values for insignificant iron overload (IOL). Results The mean SF levels in the whole study cohort population at the age of evaluation was 549.6 ± 232.3 ng/mL. Based on the SF levels, two groups were identified: Group A (N = 14) < 500 ng/mL and Group B (N=10) 500-1,000 ng/mL. Normal glucose tolerance (NGT) during OGTT was observed in 4 patients of Group A (28.5 %) and in 5 patients of Group B (50%) (P: 0.29). The remaining 15/24 patients (62.5%) had glucose dysregulation (GD). The mean age at starting iron chelation therapy (ICT) and the mean SF peak in Group A versus Group B were significantly higher in group A. The GD was associated with significantly attenuated IGI (first phase of insulin response) and impaired oral disposition index (oDI). Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) was the most common associated endocrine complication in both groups of patients. Conclusions This study showed that efficient iron chelation monotherapy in patients with β-TM and SF < 1,000 ng/ml did not entirely prevent glucose metabolism disorders, abnormalities of insulin secretion and sensitivity, and development of acquired hypogonadism.
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Abdelrahman MM, Alhidary IA, Alobre MM, Matar AM, Alharthi AS, Faye B, Aljumaah RS. Regional and Seasonal Variability of Mineral Patterns in Some Organs of Slaughtered One-Humped Camels [ Camelus dromedarius] from Saudi Arabia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233343. [PMID: 36496861 PMCID: PMC9736909 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Camel products are receiving great interest worldwide because of their high functional properties and nutritive values. Therefore, this study was focused on the variation of copper [Cu], zinc [Zn], manganese [Mn], selenium [Se], iron [Fe], iodine [I], and some heavy metals, cobalt [Co], lead [Pb], and cadmium [Cd], in the blood and tissues of slaughtered camels from five regions in Saudi Arabia [SA] during the summer and winter seasons, because environmental factors vary from region to region. Whole blood, meat, liver, rumen fluid, and rumen tissues were collected from the slaughterhouse in each region during the two seasons. Moreover, samples were prepared and analyzed for trace mineral and heavy metal concentrations using ICP-MS. The data were statistically analyzed as part of a complete randomized design and correlation analysis for season and location using SAS. The findings revealed a pattern in the minerals, with Ca being the only mineral that was unrelated to other minerals in the liver. For lead and cadmium, our mean value in liver [0.40 µg/g] was below the limit of the EU standard for cadmium [0.50 µg/g], while in meat and liver, lead contents [1.62 µg/g and 2.57 µg/g, respectively] were above the limit of the EU standard [0.10 and 0.20 µg/g, respectively]. For meat, the significantly highest positive correlations were observed between P and Mg [R2 = 0.928], Fe and Mn [R2 = 0.860], and Co and Mn [R2 = 0.821]. For rumen tissues, P and Mg were highly correlated [R2 = 0.958] as well as Zn and Mg [R2 = 0.857], Zn and P [R2 = 0.836], and Fe and Ca [R2 = 0.802]. As a result, a region and season reflect variations in mineral concentrations in SA during the summer and winter seasons. Further intensive research is needed to investigate the minerals' biological mechanisms in camels under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutassim M. Abdelrahman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-56-619-4484
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen M. Alobre
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkareem M. Matar
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S. Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bernard Faye
- CIRAD-ES, UMR SELMET, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier, France
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Kazakh National University Al-Farabi, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
| | - Riyadh S. Aljumaah
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
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28
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The Significance of Zinc in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224855. [PMID: 36432541 PMCID: PMC9692841 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element for the maintenance of life because it acts as a center of activity or cofactor for hundreds of enzymes. Zinc deficiency causes a variety of symptoms, including anemia, dermatitis, stomatitis, alopecia, bedsores, decreased appetite, impaired growth, gonadal dysfunction, susceptibility to infection, and taste disorders, etc. In March 2017, zinc acetate hydrate, which had been approved for Wilson disease in Japan, received an additional indication for hypozincemia. Hypozincemia is frequently observed in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), especially cirrhosis, and it has recently been shown that hypozincemia is closely related to the development of liver fibrosis and increased risk of liver carcinogenesis, in addition to the appearance of various subjective symptoms. Moreover, hypozincemia in CLD may be associated with sarcopenia (i.e., decrease in muscle strength and muscle mass) and frailty (i.e., vulnerability), which receive much attention these days. It is assumed that treatment with zinc acetate hydrate will become widespread in patients with CLD. Zinc acetate hydrate may also have potential for improving sarcopenia in patients with CLD. This review primarily outlines the significance of zinc in patients with CLD.
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29
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Romero-Gómez M, Aller R, Martín-Bermudo F. Dietary Recommendations for the Management of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Nutritional Geometry Perspective. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:434-445. [PMID: 36307105 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Diet could be both culprit and solution of NAFLD. Dietary modifications have been associated with histological features improvement in NAFLD. The Western diet was related to a greater risk of disease progression while the Mediterranean diet (MD) could promote regression of histological lesions. Modifications in the nutrient composition seems to have lesser impact on NAFLD than dietary modifications. An intrinsic interaction between nutrients in the diet support a specific effect not seen when added separately. Dietary modifications should focus on promoting weight loss but also look for patterns that are able to promote histological improvement. Although several micronutrients' deficit has been related to NAFLD progression, prescribing these micronutrients' supplementation did not reach a positive impact. However, an enriching diet with specific nutrients could be useful, like olive oil supplemented in MD. Geometry of nutrition defines a framework to better understand the interaction between nutrients, foods, and dietetic pattern in the model of diseases and how we could approach taking into consideration the interaction between meals and disease features. After analyzing baseline diet and histological lesions, we could calculate the distance to optimal diet and to promote changes in lifestyle to reach all these goals. A standard MD menu would be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, SeLiver Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla (HUVR/CSIC/US), University of Seville, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Aller
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro de Investigación de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación Biomédoca en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINF), Facultad de Medicina, University of Valladolid, Hospital Clínico de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Franz Martín-Bermudo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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30
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Ma C, Han L, Zhu Z, Heng Pang C, Pan G. Mineral metabolism and ferroptosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115242. [PMID: 36084708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Minerals including iron, copper, zinc, and selenium, fulfil an essential role in various biochemical processes. Moreover, the identification of ferroptosis and cuproptosis further underscores the importance of intracellular mineral homeostasis. However, perturbation of minerals has been frequently reported in patients with NAFLD and related diseases. Interestingly, studies have attempted to establish an association between mineral disorders and NAFLD pathological features, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response, and fibrogenesis. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current understanding of mineral metabolism (i.e., absorption, utilization, and transport) and mineral interactions in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. More importantly, this review highlights potential therapeutic strategies, challenges, future directions for targeting mineral metabolism in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Ma
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Han
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Cheng Heng Pang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Guoyu Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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31
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Bai Y, Cao Q, Guan X, Meng H, Feng Y, Wang C, Fu M, Hong S, Zhou Y, Yuan F, Zhang X, He M, Guo H. Metabolic linkages between zinc exposure and lung cancer risk: A nested case-control study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155796. [PMID: 35561928 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have suggested that elevated concentrations of zinc are associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. The metabolites are highly sensitive to environmental stress, which will help to reveal the linkages between zinc exposure and lung cancer risk. We designed a nested case-control study including 101 incident lung cancer cases and 1:2 age- and sex-frequency-matched 202 healthy controls from the Dongfeng-Tongji (DFTJ) cohort. Their plasma level of zinc was determined by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and plasma profiles of metabolites were detected by using an untargeted metabolomics approach. The generalized linear models (GLM) were applied to assess the associations of plasma zinc with metabolites, and the mediation effects of zinc-related metabolites on zinc-lung cancer association were further testified. The concentrations of 55 metabolites had linear dose-response relationships with plasma zinc at a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05, among which L-proline, phosphatidylcholine (PC, 34:2), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, O-36:5), L-altrose, and sphingomyelin (SM, 40:3) showed different levels between lung cancer cases and healthy controls (fold change = 0.92, 0.95, 1.07, 0.90, and 1.08, respectively, and all P < 0.05). The plasma concentration of SM(40:3) was negatively associated with incident risk of lung cancer [OR(95%CI) = 0.71(0.55, 0.91), P = 0.007] and could mediate 41.7% of the association between zinc and lung cancer risk (P = 0.004). Moreover, compared to the traditional factors, addition of SM(40:3) exerted improved prediction performance for incident risk of lung cancer [AUC(95%CIs) = 0.714(0.654, 0.775) vs. 0.663(0.600, 0.727), P = 0.030]. Our findings revealed metabolic profiles with zinc exposure and provide new insight into the alternations of metabolites underpinning the links between zinc exposure and lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Bai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenming Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shiru Hong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Li Y, Luo W, Liang B. Circulating trace elements status in COVID-19 disease: A meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:982032. [PMID: 36034929 PMCID: PMC9411985 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.982032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace elements are a group of essential metals or metalloids, which are necessary for life, and present in minute amounts. Despite substantial researches highlighting the importance of trace elements in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diseases, a thorough evaluation of the levels of circulating trace elements is lacking. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the trace element status (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mg, and Se) in COVID-19 disease. We also assessed the relationship between circulating trace elements and COVID-19 disease severity and survival status during follow-up. We searched comprehensively MEDLINE, Web of Science, CNKI, and WangFang databases without language restriction, between November 1, 2019 and April 1, 2022. The search identified 1,566 preliminary references. A total of 49 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review, and 42 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that COVID-19 patients had significantly lower circulating Zn (SMD: -0.83, 95% CI: -1.19 to -0.46, P < 0.001), Fe (SMD: -1.56, 95% CI: -2.90 to -0.21, P = 0.023), and Se (SMD: -0.75, 95% CI: -0.94 to -0.56, P < 0.001) levels than healthy controls, and circulating Zn (SMD: -0.47, 95% CI: -0.75 to -0.18, P = 0.002), Fe (SMD: -0.45, 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.12, P = 0.008), and Se (SMD: -0.27, 95% CI: -0.49 to -0.04, P = 0.020) levels were associated with the presence of severity status in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, circulating Fe levels in non-survivors were significantly lower than survivors in COVID-19 (SMD: -0.28, 95% CI: -0.44 to -0.12, P = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in Cu and Mg levels between COVID-19 patients and controls, severity and non-severity status, and survivors and non-survivors (all P > 0.05). Taken together, COVID-19 patients displayed lower circulating levels of Zn, Fe, and Se, and their levels were associated with severity status. Moreover, circulating Fe levels may provide part of the explanation for the unfavorable survival status. Therefore, we presumed optimistically that supplements of trace elements might provide an adjutant treatment in the early stages of COVID-19. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero], identifier [CRD42022348599].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Li
- Clinical Laboratory, PLA North Military Command Region General Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Weihe Luo
- Department of Medical Engineering, PLA North Military Command Region General Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Firouzi S, Pahlavani N, Navashenaq JG, Clayton ZS, Beigmohammadi MT, Malekahmadi M. The effect of Vitamin C and Zn supplementation on the immune system and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 44:144-154. [PMID: 35783349 PMCID: PMC9233349 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2) is the most dangerous form of the coronavirus, which causes COVID-19. In patients with severe COVID-19, the immune system becomes markedly overactive. There is evidence that supplementation with select micronutrients may play a role in maintaining immune system function in this patient population. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, significant emphasis has been placed on the importance of supplementing critical micronutrients such as Vitamin C and Zinc (Zn) due to their immunomodulatory effects. Viral infections, like COVID-19, increase physiological demand for these micronutrients. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to provide comprehensive information regarding the potential effectiveness of Vitamin C and Zn supplementation during viral infection and specifically COVID-19. This review demonstrated a relation between Vitamin C and Zn deficiency and a reduction in the innate immune response, which can ultimately make patients with COVID-19 more vulnerable to viral infection. As such, adequate intake of Vitamin C and Zn, as an adjunctive therapeutic approach with any necessary pharmacological treatment(s), may be necessary to mitigate the adverse physiological effects of COVID-19. To truly clarify the role of Vitamin C and Zn supplementation in the management of COVID-19, we must wait for the results of ongoing randomized controlled trials. The toxicity of Vitamin C and Zn should also be considered to prevent over-supplementation. Over-supplementation of Vitamin C can lead to oxalate toxicity, while increased Zn intake can reduce immune system function. In summary, Vitamin C and Zn supplementation may be useful in mitigating COVID-19 symptomology.
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Key Words
- COVID-19
- Dietary supplement
- HIF-1α, Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
- IFN-α, Intererferon alfa
- INF-β, Interferon beta
- Immune system
- NK, Natural killer
- PUFAs, Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- RCTs, Randomized controlled trials
- RDA, Recommended Dietary Allowance
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- Vitamin C
- Zn
- Zn, Zinc
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Firouzi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tsuchiya H. Iron-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis—Preventive Effects of Nutrients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:940552. [PMID: 35832553 PMCID: PMC9271801 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.940552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a primary organ that stores body iron, and plays a central role in the regulation of iron homeostasis. Hepatic iron overload (HIO) is a prevalent feature among patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs), including alcoholic/nonalcoholic liver diseases and hepatitis C. HIO is suggested to promote the progression toward hepatocellular carcinoma because of the pro-oxidant nature of iron. Iron metabolism is tightly regulated by various factors, such as hepcidin and ferroportin, in healthy individuals to protect the liver from such deteriorative effects. However, their intrinsic expressions or functions are frequently compromised in patients with HIO. Thus, various nutrients have been reported to regulate hepatic iron metabolism and protect the liver from iron-induced damage. These nutrients are beneficial in HIO-associated CLD treatment and eventually prevent iron-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. This mini-review aimed to discuss the mechanisms and hepatocarcinogenic risk of HIO in patients with CLDs. Moreover, nutrients that hold the potential to prevent iron-induced hepatocarcinogenesis are summarized.
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MCD Diet Rat Model Induces Alterations in Zinc and Iron during NAFLD Progression from Steatosis to Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126817. [PMID: 35743260 PMCID: PMC9224179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluate the effects of the methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet on serum and hepatic zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) and their relationships with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their modulators (TIMPs and RECK) as well as hepatic fatty acids using male Wistar rats fed 2-, 4- and 8-week MCD diets. Serum and hepatic Zn decrease after an 8-week MCD diet. Serum Fe increases after an 8-week MCD diet and the same occurs for hepatic Fe. An increase in hepatic MMP activity, associated with a decrease in RECK and TIMPs, is found in the MCD 8-week group. Liver Fe shows a positive correlation versus MMPs and RECK, and an inverse correlation versus TIMPs. A positive correlation is found comparing liver Zn with stearic, vaccenic and arachidonic acids, and an inverse correlation is found with linolenic and docosatetraenoic acids. An opposite trend is found between liver Fe versus these fatty acids. During NAFLD progression from steatosis to steatohepatitis, MCD rats exhibit an increase in Zn and a decrease in Fe levels both in serum and tissue associated with alterations in hepatic MMPs and their inhibitors, and fatty acids. The correlations detected between Zn and Fe versus extracellular matrix modulators and fatty acids support their potential role as therapeutic targets.
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Enhancing the nutritional value of Portulaca oleracea L. by using soilless agronomic biofortification with zinc. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Marreiro DDN, Cruz KJC, de Oliveira ARS, Morais JBS, Freitas BDJESDA, Melo SRDS, dos Santos LR, Cardoso BEP, Dias TMDS. Antiviral and immunological activity of zinc and possible role in COVID-19. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1172-1179. [PMID: 34128459 PMCID: PMC8438509 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zn deficiency compromises its biological functions, its effect on the immune system and its antiviral activity, increasing vulnerability to infectious diseases. This narrative review aims at presenting and discussing functional aspects and possible mechanisms involved in the potential role of Zn in the immune response and antiviral activity for coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) prevention and control. The searches were conducted in PubMed and Science Direct databases, using clinical trials, experimental studies in animals and humans, case-control studies, case series, letters to the editor, and review articles published in English, without restrictions on year of publication. Search approach was based on using the terms: 'zinc', 'COVID-19', 'antiviral agents', 'immunologic factors' and 'respiratory tract infections'. Literature shows the importance of Zn as an essential mineral immunomodulator with relevant antiviral activity in the body. Thus, although there is still a scarcity of studies evaluating Zn supplementation in patients with COVID-19, the results on the topic show the necessity of controlling Zn mineral deficiency, as well as maintaining its homoeostasis in the body in order to strengthen the immune system and improve the prevention of highly complex viral infections, such as that of the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyria Jayanne Clímaco Cruz
- Departament of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Loanne Rocha dos Santos
- Departament of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI, Brasil
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Bloom A, Bloom S, Silva H, Nicoll AJ, Sawhney R. Zinc supplementation and its benefits in the management of chronic liver disease: An in-depth literature review. Ann Hepatol 2022; 25:100549. [PMID: 34614431 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition among patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) is a common complication with significant prognostic implications for patients with liver cirrhosis. Micronutrient deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of hepatic decompensation and is an independent risk factor for mortality among cirrhotic patients. Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with CLD include zinc, vitamin A, vitamin D and selenium. This review article aims to evaluate the literature to date on the complications of zinc deficiency in patients with CLD. A management algorithm for zinc replacement has also been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Bloom
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, 3 West, Building B, Box Hill Hospital, 8 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Bloom
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, 3 West, Building B, Box Hill Hospital, 8 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah Silva
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, 3 West, Building B, Box Hill Hospital, 8 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda J Nicoll
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, 3 West, Building B, Box Hill Hospital, 8 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohit Sawhney
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, 3 West, Building B, Box Hill Hospital, 8 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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De Sanctis V, Daar S, Soliman AT, Tzoulis P, Karimi M, Di Maio S, Kattamis C. Screening for glucose dysregulation in β-thalassemia major (β-TM): An update of current evidences and personal experience. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022158. [PMID: 35315383 PMCID: PMC8972848 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i1.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose dysregulation (GD) in patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) usually develops gradually. Prediabetes consists of two abnormalities, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), the latter detected by a standardized oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Diagnosis of prediabetes is essential for an early identification of high-risk individuals who will benefit from intensive iron chelation therapy and lifestyle modification. Therefore, patients with β-TM should undergo annual screening for glucose abnormalities, according to international recommendations, starting from the age of 10 years. OGTT remains the preferred screening method as it is more sensitive for GD than fasting plasma glucose (FPG), although it is poorly reproducible. The use of HbA1c measurement has limited use as it is generally considered unreliable in patients with thalassemia. Continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) is an accurate method to detect the variability of glucose fluctuations and offers the opportunity for better assessment of glucose homeostasis in a selected group of β-TM patients. Pancreatic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) associated with insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2) could be a complementary test, minimizing the necessity for OGTT and identifying high-risk patients before irreversible pancreatic damage occurs. The aims of this short report are to give practical guidance for an early identification of GD in β-TM patients, to summarise our experience, and to offer an impetus for further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahina Daar
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Ashraf T Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Alexandria University Children's Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ploutarchos Tzoulis
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Whittington Hospital, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Mehran Karimi
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Salvatore Di Maio
- Emeritus Director in Pediatrics, Children's Hospital "Santobono-Pausilipon", Naples, Italy .
| | - Christos Kattamis
- First Department of Paediatrics, National Kapodistrian University of Athens 11527, Greece.
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Suh JH, Zyba SJ, Shigenaga M, McDonald CM, King JC. Marginal Zinc Deficiency Alters Essential Fatty Acid Metabolism in Healthy Men. J Nutr 2022; 152:671-679. [PMID: 34919682 PMCID: PMC9076996 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice biofortification with Zinc (Zn) can improve the Zn status of rice-consuming populations. However, the metabolic impact in humans consuming Zn-biofortified rice is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of Zn-biofortified rice on lipid metabolism in normolipidemic men. METHODS The men consumed a rice-based diet containing 6 mg Zn/d and 1.5 g phytate (phytate/Zn ratio = 44) for 2 wk followed by a 10-mg Zn/d diet without phytate for 4 wk. An ad libitum diet supplemented with 25 mg Zn/d was then fed for 3 wk. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and at the end of each metabolic period for measuring plasma zinc, glucose, insulin, triglyceride (TG), LDL and HDL cholesterol, fatty acids, oxylipins, and fatty acid desaturase activities. Statistical differences were assessed by linear mixed model. RESULTS Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 1 activity decreased by 29.1% (P = 0.007) when the 6-mg Zn/d diet was consumed for 2 wk. This change was associated with significant decreases in HDL and LDL cholesterol. The alterations in FADS1, HDL cholesterol, and TG remained unchanged when Zn intakes were increased to 10 mg/d for 4 wk. Supplementation with 25 mg Zn/d for 3 wk normalized these metabolic changes and significantly increased LDL cholesterol at the end of this metabolic period compared with baseline. FADS1 activity was inversely correlated with FADS2 (rmcorr = -0.52; P = 0.001) and TG (rmcorr = -0.55; P = 0.001) at all time points. CONCLUSIONS A low-zinc, high-phytate rice-based diet reduced plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations and altered fatty acid profiles in healthy men within 2 wk. Consuming 10 mg Zn/d without phytate for 4 wk did not improve the lipid profiles, but a 25-mg Zn/d supplement corrects these alterations in lipid metabolism within 3 wk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung H Suh
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J Zyba
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
- Institute for Global Nutrition Department of Nutrition University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark Shigenaga
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Janet C King
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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41
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Li G, Dong Z, Yue S, Wan D, Yin Y. Paternal Zn-deficiency abolishes metabolic effects in offspring induced by diet type. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 8:310-320. [PMID: 35024468 PMCID: PMC8718729 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence implicates that offspring are susceptible to paternal alterations in numerous fetal disorders, such as growth and metabolic defects. However, less study has been conducted to define the relationship between paternal zinc deficiency (ZnD) and energy metabolism of offspring. In the present study, we used a paternal ZnD exposure (Zn at 0.3 μg/g) model to test energy metabolism of male and female offspring with the intervention of diet type (high-fat diet and low-fat diet). Our results demonstrated that paternal ZnD decreased body weight (BW) gain per week (P < 0.01) and ME intake per week (P < 0.05) at 11 weeks in male offspring with high-fat diet intervention but not in female offspring. Further, anabolism and catabolism of hepatic energy products also exhibited alterations. ZnD attenuated liver glucose but increased lipids content accompanied with elevated adiponectin and reduction in leptin level in serum, which exhibited lipid metabolic disturbance and smaller ratio of liver weight to BW in male but not female offspring. The qRT-PCR and liver energy metabolites analysis revealed that paternal ZnD mainly induced reduction in glucose tolerance and lowered glucose uptaking ability in male offspring and thereby alleviated glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, which displayed a male gender-dependency. Therefore, we propose that paternal ZnD abolishes metabolic effects in male offspring induced by diet type intervention. Our findings reveal a novel link between paternal Zn-D and offspring energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanya Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Zhenglin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Shusheng Yue
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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Dehghani SM, Amirhakimi A, Baligh P, Javaherizadeh H. Evaluation of micronutrients among pediatric liver cirrhosis in Shiraz, Iran. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-022-00182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cirrhosis is the final result of most types of liver disease. Zinc, magnesium, and vitamin D have a significantly vital role in the immunologic and physiologic mechanisms in the body. The current study aimed to measure magnesium, zinc, and vitamin D level among children with liver cirrhosis.
Results
One hundred cases were included in the current study. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 53% of the cases. Zinc deficiency was present in 23% of the cases. The magnesium level was more than the normal level among 99% of the cases. There is a significant inverse correlation between zinc level and PELD score (Pearson correlation = − 0.314, P = 0.007).
Conclusion
Zinc deficiency and vitamin D deficiency were seen in children with liver cirrhosis. Serum magnesium level in children with liver cirrhosis was higher than standard. A significant correlation was seen between zinc level and PELD score.
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Horiguchi S, Naganuma A, Tateyama Y, Suzuki Y, Hoshino T, Saito N, Hatanaka T, Takakusagi S, Kosone T, Takagi H, Uraoka T, Kakizaki S. Efficacy of Zinc Acetate Treatment for Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis Complicated by Hypozincemia. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:497-504. [PMID: 33913092 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of zinc acetate treatment for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis complicated by hypozincemia. We retrospectively analyzed 49 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis complicated by hypozincemia who received zinc acetate treatment from August 2017 to March 2020. The relationships between serum zinc levels and several parameters including the prognosis, sarcopenia, and immunity were evaluated. Serum zinc levels measured at 3 months post-treatment and the incidence of adverse events were also determined. The median age was 69.0 years (IQR:59.5-78.8) and the male to female ratio was 29:20. Twenty-seven patients had a Child-Pugh classification of B and 22 had a Child-Pugh classification of C; the median Child-Pugh score was 9.0 (IQR, 8.0-11.0). The median serum zinc levels measured at 3 months post-treatment (74.7 (IQR, 50.0-101.0) μg/dL) were significantly elevated in comparison to the pre-treatment levels (43.0 (IQR, 34.0-51.0) μg/dL, P < 0.0001). The overall survival of patients with pre-treatment serum zinc levels of ≥60 μg/dL was significantly better than that of those with pre-treatment serum zinc levels of <60 μg/dL (P = 0.013). The survival of patients with zinc levels of ≥70 μg/dL at 3 months post-treatment was significantly better than those with levels of <70 μg/dL (P = 0.013). The serum albumin level, Child-Pugh score, albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were identified as factors predicting a good response at 3 months post-treatment. There were no significant relations between the pretreatment serum zinc levels and skeletal muscle mass, lymphocyte count, and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio. There were no obvious problematic adverse events in patients who received zinc acetate treatment. The patients with higher basal zinc levels and good responders to zinc acetate treatment had a better prognosis. Zinc acetate was useful and safe for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis complicated by hypozincemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Horiguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Higashiagatsuma National Health Insurance Clinic, Higashiagatsuma, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, 36 Takamatsu-cho, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0829, Japan
| | - Atsushi Naganuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, 36 Takamatsu-cho, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0829, Japan.
| | - Yumeo Tateyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, 36 Takamatsu-cho, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0829, Japan
| | - Yuhei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, 36 Takamatsu-cho, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0829, Japan
| | - Takashi Hoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, 36 Takamatsu-cho, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0829, Japan
| | - Naoto Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gunma Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gunma Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takakusagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kusunoki Hospital, Fujioka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kosone
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kusunoki Hospital, Fujioka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kusunoki Hospital, Fujioka, Japan
| | - Toshio Uraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Satoru Kakizaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Takasaki, Japan
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Grasso A, Ferrante M, Moreda-Piñeiro A, Arena G, Magarini R, Oliveri Conti G, Cristaldi A, Copat C. Dietary exposure of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) from canned seafood by single particle ICP-MS: Balancing of risks and benefits for human health. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113217. [PMID: 35077994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to give information regarding the quantification of ZnO-NPs in canned seafood, which may be intentionally or unintentionally added, and to provide a first esteem of dietary exposure. Samples were subjected to an alkaline digestion and assessment of ZnO-NPs was performed by the single particle ICP-MS technique. ZnO-NPs were found with concentrations range from 0.003 to 0.010 mg/kg and a size mean range from 61.3 and 78.6 nm. It was not observed a clear bioaccumulation trend according to trophic level and size of seafood species, although the mollusk species has slightly higher concentrations and larger size. The number of ZnO-NPs/g does not differ significantly among food samples, observing an average range of 5.51 × 106 - 9.97 × 106. Dissolved Zn determined with spICP-MS revealed comparable concentration to total Zn determined with ICP-MS in standard mode, confirming the efficiency of alkaline digestion on the extraction of the Zn. The same accumulation trend found for ZnO-NPs was observed more clearly for dissolved Zn. The ZnO-NPs intake derived from a meal does not differ significantly among seafood products and it ranges from 0.010 to 0.031 µg/kg b.w. in adult, and from 0.022 to 0.067 µg/kg b.w. in child. Conversely, the intake of dissolved Zn is significantly higher if it is assumed a meal of mollusks versus the fish products, with values of 109.3 µg/kg b.w. for adult and 240.1 µg/kg b.w. for child. Our findings revealed that ZnO-NPs have the potential to bioaccumulate in marine organisms, and seafood could be an important uptake route of ZnO-NPs. These results could be a first important step to understand the ZnO-NPs human dietary exposure, but the characterization and quantification of ZnO-NPs is necessary for a large number of food items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfina Grasso
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania 95123, Italy.
| | - Antonio Moreda-Piñeiro
- Trace Element, Spectroscopy and Speciation Group (GETEE), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS). Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Chemistry. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida das Ciencias, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaldi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania 95123, Italy
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Warner ER, Aloor FZ, Satapathy SK. A narrative review of nutritional abnormalities, complications, and optimization in the cirrhotic patient. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:5. [PMID: 35243114 PMCID: PMC8826036 DOI: 10.21037/tgh-20-325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this manuscript is to identify the pathophysiology of the metabolic abnormalities observed in cirrhosis and to uncover associations, if any, to its complications, such as sarcopenia and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). BACKGROUND Liver dysfunction in cirrhosis is known to be a precipitating factor in the disruption of many physiological pathways, specifically nutrient metabolism. As a result, affected patients are highly susceptible to derangements of processes affecting multiple classes of macro- and micronutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals. These disruptions are thought to be contributory to the pathogenesis of known complications of cirrhosis. METHODS Literature research of relevant topics was conducted for the above stated objective; sources were limited to articles from peer-reviewed journals published within the last 30 years. CONCLUSION This research established that there is positive correlation between nutrient derangements and the increased risk of complications of cirrhosis, which themselves carry significant morbidity and mortality risk. It also established that some nutrient and electrolyte abnormalities are independent indicators of prognosis and adverse outcomes, such as mortality. This also highlights the importance of comprehension of anomalous metabolism and its complications as it necessitates serious consideration in clinical care. In addition to medical management, cirrhotic patients also require ancillary assessment, such as comprehensive nutritional evaluation, to identify and treat reversible nutritional derangements. This consideration provides the best opportunity to achieve maximal health outcomes in the cirrhotic patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgewood R. Warner
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- Division of Hepatology and Sandra Atlas Bass Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine/Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
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Fujimoto Y, Kaji K, Nishimura N, Enomoto M, Murata K, Takeda S, Takaya H, Kawaratani H, Moriya K, Namisaki T, Akahane T, Yoshiji H. Dual therapy with zinc acetate and rifaximin prevents from ethanol-induced liver fibrosis by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:8323-8342. [PMID: 35068872 PMCID: PMC8717023 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i48.8323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic overload of gut-derived lipopolysaccharide dictates the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) by inducing oxidative stress and activating Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells through toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Therefore, targeting the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity has attracted attention for the treatment of ALD. Zinc acetate and rifaximin, which is a nonabsorbable antibiotic, had been clinically used for patients with cirrhosis, particularly those with hepatic encephalopathy, and had been known to improve intestinal barrier dysfunction. However, only few studies focused on their efficacies in preventing the ALD-related fibrosis development.
AIM To investigate the effects of a combined zinc acetate with rifaximin on liver fibrosis in a mouse ALD model.
METHODS To induce ALD-related liver fibrosis, female C57BL/6J mice were fed a 2.5% (v/v) ethanol-containing Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet and received intraperitoneal carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection twice weekly (1 mL/kg) for 8 wk. Zinc acetate (100 mg/L) and/or rifaximin (100 mg/L) were orally administered during experimental period. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis as well as intestinal barrier function were evaluated by histological and molecular analyses. Moreover, the direct effects of both agents on Caco-2 barrier function were assessed by in vitro assays.
RESULTS In the ethanol plus CCl4-treated mice, combination of zinc acetate and rifaximin attenuated oxidative lipid peroxidation with downregulation of Nox2 and Nox4. This combination significantly inhibited the Kupffer cells expansion and the proinflammatory response with blunted hepatic exposure of lipopolysaccharide and the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kB pathway. Consequently, liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cells activation were efficiently suppressed with downregulation of Mmp-2, -9, -13, and Timp1. Both agents improved the atrophic changes and permeability in the ileum, with restoration of tight junction proteins (TJPs) by decreasing the expressions of tumor necrosis factor α and myosin light chain kinase. In the in vitro assay, both agents directly reinforced ethanol or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated paracellular permeability and upregulated TJPs in Caco-2 cells.
CONCLUSION Dual therapy with zinc acetate and rifaximin may serve as a strategy to prevent ALD-related fibrosis by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Masahide Enomoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Koji Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Soichi Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Kei Moriya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Nara, Japan
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Hadi A, Asbaghi O, Kazemi M, Haghighian HK, Pantovic A, Ghaedi E, Abolhasani Zadeh F. Consumption of pistachio nuts positively affects lipid profiles: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-14. [PMID: 34933637 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2018569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of consuming pistachio nuts on lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and triglyceride [TG]). Databases of PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to June 2019 to identify RCTs documenting the effects of consuming pistachio nuts on blood lipid profiles in adults. Effect sizes were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects models (DerSimonian-Laird method). Twelve eligible RCTs were included. Consumption of pistachio nuts decreased TC (WMD: -7.48 mg/dL; 95% CI, -12.62 to -2.34), LDL-C (WMD: -3.82 mg/dL; 95% CI, -5.49 to -2.16) and TG (WMD: -11.19 mg/dL; 95% CI, -14.21 to -8.17) levels. However, HDL-cholesterol levels (WMD: 2.45 mg/dL; 95% CI, -2.44 to 7.33) did not change following pistachio consumption. Consuming pistachio nuts may improve lipid profiles (TC, LDL-C, TG) in adults and may be protective against cardiometabolic diseases. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Human Metabolic Research Unit, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Hossein Khadem Haghighian
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of on-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ana Pantovic
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cheng Y, Chen H. Aberrance of Zinc Metalloenzymes-Induced Human Diseases and Its Potential Mechanisms. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124456. [PMID: 34960004 PMCID: PMC8707169 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc, an essential micronutrient in the human body, is a component in over 300 enzymes and participates in regulating enzymatic activity. Zinc metalloenzymes play a crucial role in physiological processes including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune responses, as well as apoptosis. Aberrant enzyme activity can lead to various human diseases. In this review, we summarize zinc homeostasis, the roles of zinc in zinc metalloenzymes, the physiological processes of zinc metalloenzymes, and aberrant zinc metalloenzymes in human diseases. In addition, potential mechanisms of action are also discussed. This comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of action of the regulatory functions of zinc in enzyme activity could inform novel zinc-micronutrient-supply strategies for the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Cheng
- Queen Mary School, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
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Bitirim CV. The role of zinc transporter proteins as predictive and prognostic biomarkers of hepatocellular cancer. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12314. [PMID: 34721988 PMCID: PMC8522644 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the key processes involved in the tumor progression, malignancy and the molecular factors which are responsible for the transition of the cirrhotic cells to the tumor cells, contribute to the detection of biomarkers for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at an early stage. According to clinical data, HCC is mostly characterized by a significant decrease in zinc levels. It is strongly implied that zinc deficiency is the major event required in the early stages of tumor formation and development of malignancy. Due to this reason, the definition of the molecular players which have a role in zinc homeostasis and cellular zinc level could give us a clue about the transition state of the cirrhosis to hepatic tumor formation. Despite the well-known implications of zinc in the development of HCCthe correlation of the expression of zinc transporter proteins with tumor progression and malignancy remain largely unknown. In the present study, we evaluated in detail the relationship of zinc deficiency on the prognosis of early HCC patients. In this study, we aimed to test the potential zinc transporters which contribute tothe transformation of cirrhosis to HCCand the progression of HCC. Among the 24 zinc transporter proteins, the proteins to be examined were chosen by using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) webpage and RNA-seq analysis using TCGA database. ZIP14 and ZIP5 transporters were found as common differentially expressed genes from both bioinformatic analyses. ZnT1, ZnT7 and ZIP7 transporters have been associated with tumor progression. Relative abundance of ZnT1, ZIP5 and ZIP14 protein level was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in surgically resected liver specimens from 16 HCC patients at different stages. IHC staining intensity was analyzed by using ImageJ software and scored with the histological scoring (H-score) method. The staining of ZnT1 was significantly higher in Grade III comparing to Grade II and Grade I. On the contrary, ZIP14 staining decreased almost 10-foldcomparing to Grade Iand Grade II. ZIP5 staining was detected almost 2-fold higher in cirrhosis than HCC. But ZnT1 staining was observed almost 3-fold lower in cirrhosis comparing to HCC. Intracellular free zinc level was measured by flow cytometry in Hep40 and Snu398 cells using FluoZin-3 dye. The intracellular free zinc level was almost 9-fold decreased in poor differentiated Snu398 HCC cells comparing to well differentiated Hep40 HCC cells.This report establishes for the first time the correlation between the expression pattern of ZIP14, ZnT1 and ZIP5 and significant zinc deficiency which occurs concurrently with the advancing of malignancy. Our results provide new molecular insight into ZnT1, ZIP14 and ZIP5 mediated regulation of cellular zinc homeostasis and indicate that zinc transporters might be important factors and events in HCC malignancy, which can lead to the development of early biomarkers.
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50
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Uchino K, Quang LV, Enomoto M, Nakano Y, Yamada S, Matsumura S, Kanasugi J, Takasugi S, Nakamura A, Horio T, Murakami S, Goto M, Mizuno S, Yamamoto H, Watarai M, Hanamura I, Takami A. Cytopenia associated with copper deficiency. EJHAEM 2021; 2:729-737. [PMID: 35845195 PMCID: PMC9175927 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Uchino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
| | - Lam Vu Quang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
| | - Megumi Enomoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
| | - Yuta Nakano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
| | - Saki Yamada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
| | - Saori Matsumura
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
| | - Jo Kanasugi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
| | - Soichi Takasugi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
| | - Ayano Nakamura
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
| | - Tomohiro Horio
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
| | - Satsuki Murakami
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
| | - Mineaki Goto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Keyaki Clinic Hashima‐gun Gifu Japan
| | - Shohei Mizuno
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
| | - Hidesuke Yamamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
| | - Masaya Watarai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Division of Hematology/chemotherapy Daido Hospital Nagoya Japan
| | - Ichiro Hanamura
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Takami
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine Aichi Medical University School of Medicine Nagakute Japan
- Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Center Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute Japan
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