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Zhang M, Zhao L, Tang F, Gao JM, Qi J. Chemical Structures, Biological Activities, and Biosynthetic Analysis of Secondary Metabolites from Agaricus Mushrooms: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12387-12397. [PMID: 38776247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Agaricus mushrooms are an important genus in the Agaricaceae family, belonging to the order Agaricales of the class Basidiomycota. Among them, Agaricus bisporus is a common mushroom for mass consumption, which is not only nutritious but also possesses significant medicinal properties such as anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The rare edible mushroom, Agaricus blazei, contains unique agaricol compounds with significant anticancer activity against liver cancer. Agaricus blazei is believed to expel wind and cold, i.e., the pathogenic factors of wind and cold from the body, and is an important formula in traditional Chinese medicine. Despite its nutritional richness and outstanding medicinal value, Agaricus mushrooms have not been systematically compiled and summarized. Therefore, the present review compiles and classifies 70 natural products extracted from Agaricus mushrooms over the past six decades. These compounds exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities, with particular emphasis on antitumor and antioxidant properties. While A. blazei and A. bisporus are the primary producers of these compounds, studies on secondary metabolites from other Agaricus species remain limited. Further research is needed to explore and understand the anticancer and nutritional properties of Agaricus mushrooms. This review contributes to the understanding of the structure, bioactivity, and biosynthetic pathways of Agaricus compounds and provides insights for the development of functional foods using these mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an 710077, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, Xi'an 710077, China
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Kulshreshtha S. Mushroom as Prebiotics: a Sustainable Approach for Healthcare. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:699-712. [PMID: 37776487 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms are considered as sustainable foods as they require less effort and can be cultivated on different agro-industrial wastes. Besides, these possess many nutraceuticals for providing health benefits along with supplementing nutrition. The mushrooms are also used as prebiotics for their ability to support beneficial microbes in the gut and inhibit the growth of pathogens. Furthermore, these remain undigested in the upper gut and reach the intestine to replenish the gut microbiota. The mushrooms boost health by inhibiting the binding of pathogenic bacteria, by promoting the growth of specific gut microbiota, producing short chain fatty acids, and regulating lipid metabolism and cancer. Research has been initiated in the commercial formulation of various products such as yogurt and symbiotic capsules. This paper sheds light on health-promoting effect, disease controlling, and regulating effect of mushroom prebiotics. This paper also presented a glimpse of commercialization of mushroom prebiotics. In the future, proper standardization of mushroom-based prebiotic formulations will be available to boost human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kulshreshtha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
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3
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Jangi S, Hsia K, Zhao N, Kumamoto CA, Friedman S, Singh S, Michaud DS. Dynamics of the Gut Mycobiome in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:821-830.e7. [PMID: 37802272 PMCID: PMC10960711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal fungi have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, it remains unclear if fungal composition is altered during active versus quiescent disease. METHODS We analyzed clinical and metagenomic data from the Study of a Prospective Adult Research Cohort with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SPARC IBD), available via the IBD Plexus Program of the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation. We evaluated the fungal composition of fecal samples from 421 patients with UC during clinical activity and remission. Within a longitudinal subcohort (n = 52), we assessed for dynamic taxonomic changes across alterations in clinical activity over time. We examined if fungal amplicon sequence variants and fungal-bacterial relationships were altered during activity versus remission. Finally, we classified activity in UC using a supervised machine learning random forest model trained on fungal abundance data. RESULTS During clinical activity, the relative abundance of genus Candida was increased 3.5-fold (P-adj < 1 × 10-4) compared with during remission. Patients with longitudinal reductions in clinical activity demonstrated parallel reductions in Candida relative abundance (P < .05). Candida relative abundance correlated with Parabacteroides diastonis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Bacteroides dorei relative abundance (P < .05) during remission; however, these correlations were disrupted during activity. Fungal abundance data successfully classified patients with active or quiescent UC (area under the curve ∼0.80), with Candida relative abundance critical to the success of the model. CONCLUSIONS Clinical activity in UC is associated with an increased relative abundance of Candida, cross-sectionally and dynamically over time. The role of fecal Candida as a target for therapeutics in UC should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushrut Jangi
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Katie Hsia
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naisi Zhao
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carol A Kumamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sonia Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Dominique S Michaud
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Jamioł-Milc D, Gudan A, Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K, Hołowko-Ziółek J, Maciejewska-Markiewicz D, Janda-Milczarek K, Stachowska E. Nutritional Support for Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:3640. [PMID: 37630830 PMCID: PMC10459677 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a key organ that is responsible for the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates and the absorption and storage of micronutrients. Unfortunately, the prevalence of chronic liver diseases at various stages of advancement in the world population is significant. Due to the physiological function of the liver, its dysfunction can lead to malnutrition and sarcopenia, and the patient's nutritional status is an important prognostic factor. This review discusses key issues related to the diet therapy of patients with chronic liver diseases, as well as those qualified for liver transplantation and in the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Jamioł-Milc
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Gudan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Hołowko-Ziółek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Janda-Milczarek
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
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Nagae M, Isa A, Ishikawa S, Muta S, Shimizu K. Effect of Oral Intake of Flammulina velutipes (Enokitake) on Skin Condition in Healthy Adult Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on Mental and Physical Health. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional foods are concentrated sources of molecules with a nutritional or physiological effect which contain nutrients. There is a category, “nutricosmetics”, defined as ingestible natural health products that enhance the function and appearance of human skin, nails, and hair. A new variety of Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes), Oki-Shirayuki 919, was explored to ascertain whether its components have functions of nutricosmetics. We focused on physiological effects for enhancing the human skin condition, such as moisturizing or barrier functions in F. velutipes. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was performed between January and March 2022. Among healthy men and women (n = 30) aged 20 to 59 years, the test group (n = 15) took a test product which included F. velutipes dry powder, and the placebo group (n = 15) took a placebo (a similar product in which the F. velutipes dry powder was replaced with plum fruit paste). Since the amount of increase in skin hydration over four weeks in the test group was significantly larger than that in the placebo group, a significant difference between the two groups was observed (p = 0.033). F. velutipe was suggested to have some physiological functions such as improving skin moisture.
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Fu C, Ye K, Ma S, Du H, Chen S, Liu D, Ma G, Xiao H. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion and gut microbiota fermentation of polysaccharides from Agaricus bisporus. Food Chem 2023; 418:135849. [PMID: 36963137 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus, an edible mushroom, is grown and consumed worldwide for its delicious taste and multiple health benefits. A. bisporus polysaccharides (ABP) are the main bioactive ingredient of the mushroom that confers health benefits. In this study, we prepared and characterized ABP, and the digestion, fermentation prosperities, and the effect of ABP on gut microbiota were detected via in vitro simulated digestion and gut microbiota fermentation. The results showed that during the simulated digestion process, the molecular weight of ABP was unchanged, and no free monosaccharide was produced, indicating that ABP could not be digested completely. However, after the fermentation, gut microbiota degraded and utilized ABP, which produced short-chain fatty acids and caused a decrease in pH value. Meanwhile, ABP modulated the gut microbiota composition by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria. The results suggested that ABP is a promising food component with prebiotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujing Fu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sai Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gaoxing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.
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Wang Y, Lindemann SR, Cross TWL, Tang M, Clark CM, Campbell WW. Effects of adding lean red meat to a U.S.-Style Healthy Vegetarian Dietary Pattern on gut microbiota and cardiovascular risk factors in young adults: a crossover randomized-controlled trial. J Nutr 2023; 153:1439-1452. [PMID: 36921804 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research evidence exists on the effects of red meat on gut microbiota in human adults. OBJECTIVE We aim to assess the effects of consuming a Healthy U.S.-Style Dietary Pattern (HDP), without or with unprocessed or processed lean red meat, on gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids levels (SCFA) in healthy young adults. Secondary outcomes are cardiovascular disease risk factors. METHODS We conducted a randomized-controlled, cross-over trial with three 3-week dietary interventions, each separated by a 5-week washout period with habitual dietary intake. Nineteen participants (8 females, age 26 ± 4 years old, BMI 23 ± 3 kg/m2) consumed three study diets in random order: 1) healthy lacto-ovo vegetarian diet (LOV); 2) LOV plus 3 ounces/day of cooked unprocessed lean red meat (URM); and 3) LOV plus 3 ounces/day of cooked processed lean red meat (PRM). Fecal and fasting blood samples were collected before and during the last 2 weeks of each intervention. We measured fecal bacterial community structure using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V4 region, primers 515F-806R). Community diversity, structure, and taxonomic composition were computed using Mothur v.1.44.3. RESULTS The addition of unprocessed or processed lean red meats to a LOV HDP did not influence short-term changes in bacterial taxonomic composition. Independent of red meat intake, the HDP led to changes in 23 bacteria; reductions in serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C concentrations; but no changes in fecal SCFA, serum triglycerides, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C ratio, or blood pressures. With data from all 3 diet interventions combined, changes in some bacteria were associated with improvements in TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C ratio, and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS Healthy young adults who adopt a HDP that may be vegetarian or omnivorous only including lean red meat experience short-term changes in gut microbial composition, which associate with improvements in multiple lipid-related cardiovascular risk factors. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER AND WEBSITE NCT03885544, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03885544?cond=NCT03885544&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Minghua Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Caroline M Clark
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Wang Y, Uffelman CN, Bergia RE, Clark CM, Reed JB, Cross TWL, Lindemann SR, Tang M, Campbell WW. Meat Consumption and Gut Microbiota: a Scoping Review of Literature and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:215-237. [PMID: 36822879 PMCID: PMC10229385 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging research indicates the importance of gut microbiota in mediating the relationship between meat intake and human health outcomes. We aimed to assess the state of available scientific literature on meat intake and gut microbiota in humans (PROSPERO, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42020135649). We first conducted a scoping review to identify observational and interventional studies on this topic. Searches were performed for English language articles using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL (Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases from inception to August 2021 and using keywords related to meat (inclusive of mammalian, avian, and aquatic subtypes) and gut microbiota. Of 14,680 records, 85 eligible articles were included in the scoping review, comprising 57 observational and 28 interventional studies. One prospective observational study and 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified in adults without diagnosed disease. We included the 13 RCTs, comprising 18 comparisons, in the systematic review to assess the effects of higher and lower intakes of total meat and meat subtypes on the gut microbiota composition. The bacterial composition was differentially affected by consuming diets with and without meat or with varied meat subtypes. For example, higher meat intake tended to decrease population sizes of genera Anerostipes and Faecalibacterium, but it increased the population size of Roseburia across studies. However, the magnitude and directionality of most microbial responses varied, with inconsistent patterns of responses across studies. The data were insufficient for comparison within or between meat subtypes. The paucity of research, especially among meat subtypes, and heterogeneity of findings underscore the need for more well-designed prospective studies and full-feeding RCTs to address the relationships between and effects of consuming total meat and meat subtypes on gut microbiota, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Cassi N Uffelman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Robert E Bergia
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Caroline M Clark
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jason B Reed
- Libraries and School of Information Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Minghua Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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9
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Effect of Agaricus bisporus Polysaccharides on Human Gut Microbiota during In Vitro Fermentation: An Integrative Analysis of Microbiome and Metabolome. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040859. [PMID: 36832934 PMCID: PMC9957339 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus polysaccharide (ABP) is an important active component in edible mushrooms, but its interaction with gut microbiota is unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of ABP on the composition and metabolites of human gut microbiota by in vitro batch fermentation. The main degrading bacteria for ABP were Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Paraprevotella, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, Megamonas, and Eubacterium, whose relative abundances increased during 24 h of in vitro fermentation. The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content also increased more than 15-fold, accordingly. Moreover, the effects of ABP on the relative abundance of Bacteroides (Ba.) and Bifidobacterium (Bi.) at the species level were further determined. ABP can enrich Ba. thetaiotaomicron, Ba. intestinalis, Ba. uniformis, and Bi. longum. PICRUSt analysis revealed that the catabolism of ABP was accompanied by changes in the metabolism of carbohydrates, nucleotides, lipids and amino acids, which were also supported by metabonomic results. It is worth mentioning that, after 24 h fermentation, the relative amounts of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), nicotinamide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) had 14.43-, 11.34- and 15.36-fold increases, respectively, which were positively related to Bacteroides (Ba. thetaiotaomicron, Ba. intestinalis), Streptococcus, and Bi. longum (|r| > 0.98). These results laid the research foundation for exploring ABP as a potential prebiotic or dietary supplement for the targeted regulation of gut microbiota or metabolites.
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Studying Fungal-Bacterial Relationships in the Human Gut Using an In Vitro Model (TIM-2). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020174. [PMID: 36836289 PMCID: PMC9963012 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex microbial community found in the human gut consist of members of multiple kingdoms, among which are bacteria and fungi. Microbiome research mainly focuses on the bacterial part of the microbiota, thereby neglecting interactions that can take place between bacteria and fungi. With the rise of sequencing techniques, the possibilities to study cross-kingdom relationships has expanded. In this study, fungal-bacterial relationships were investigated using the complex, dynamic computer-controlled in vitro model of the colon (TIM-2). Interactions were investigated by disruption of either the bacterial or fungal community by the addition of antibiotics or antifungals to TIM-2, respectively, compared to a control without antimicrobials. The microbial community was analyzed with the use of next generation sequencing of the ITS2 region and the 16S rRNA. Moreover, the production of SCFAs was followed during the interventions. Correlations between fungi and bacteria were calculated to investigate possible cross-kingdom interactions. The experiments showed that no significant differences in alpha-diversity were observed between the treatments with antibiotics and fungicide. For beta-diversity, it could be observed that samples treated with antibiotics clustered together, whereas the samples from the other treatments were more different. Taxonomic classification was done for both bacteria and fungi, but no big shifts were observed after treatments. At the level of individual genera, bacterial genus Akkermansia was shown to be increased after fungicide treatment. SCFAs levels were lowered in samples treated with antifungals. Spearman correlations suggested that cross-kingdom interactions are present in the human gut, and that fungi and bacteria can influence each other. Further research is required to gain more insights in these interactions and their molecular nature and to determine the clinical relevance.
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Zhao J, Hu Y, Qian C, Hussain M, Liu S, Zhang A, He R, Sun P. The Interaction between Mushroom Polysaccharides and Gut Microbiota and Their Effect on Human Health: A Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010122. [PMID: 36671814 PMCID: PMC9856211 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides are a kind of biological macromolecule extracted from the fruiting body, mycelium or fermentation liquid of edible fungi. In recent years, the research on mushroom polysaccharides for alleviating metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancers and other symptoms by changing the intestinal microenvironment has been increasing. Mushroom polysaccharides could promote human health by regulating gut microbiota, increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids, improving intestinal mucosal barrier, regulating lipid metabolism and activating specific signaling pathways. Notably, these biological activities are closely related to the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and type of the glycosidic bond of mushroom polysaccharide. This review aims to summarize the latest studies: (1) Regulatory effects of mushroom polysaccharides on gut microbiota; (2) The effect of mushroom polysaccharide structure on gut microbiota; (3) Metabolism of mushroom polysaccharides by gut microbiota; and (4) Effects of mushroom polysaccharides on gut microbe-mediated diseases. It provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of mushroom polysaccharides for regulating gut microbiota and gives a reference for developing and utilizing mushroom polysaccharides as promising prebiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chao Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shizhu Liu
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
| | - Anqiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Rongjun He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
- Bioactives and Functional Foods Research Center, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Peilong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Zhejiang Fangge Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Qingyuan 323800, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resources Processing Technology Research, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.)
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12
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Phillips JM, Ooi SL, Pak SC. Health-Promoting Properties of Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Compounds for the COVID-19 Era—An Appraisal: Do the Pro-Health Claims Measure Up? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072302. [PMID: 35408701 PMCID: PMC9000601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many mushroom species are consumed as food, while significant numbers are also utilised medicinally. Mushrooms are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds. A growing body of in vitro, in vivo, and human research has revealed their therapeutic potentials, which include such properties as anti-pathogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, gut microbiota enhancement, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 specificity. The uses of medicinal mushrooms (MMs) as extracts in nutraceuticals and other functional food and health products are burgeoning. COVID-19 presents an opportunity to consider how, and if, specific MM compounds might be utilised therapeutically to mitigate associated risk factors, reduce disease severity, and support recovery. As vaccines become a mainstay, MMs may have the potential as an adjunct therapy to enhance immunity. In the context of COVID-19, this review explores current research about MMs to identify the key properties claimed to confer health benefits. Considered also are barriers or limitations that may impact general recommendations on MMs as therapy. It is contended that the extraction method used to isolate bioactive compounds must be a primary consideration for efficacious targeting of physiological endpoints. Mushrooms commonly available for culinary use and obtainable as a dietary supplement for medicinal purposes are included in this review. Specific properties related to these mushrooms have been considered due to their potential protective and mediating effects on human exposure to the SARS CoV-2 virus and the ensuing COVID-19 disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mary Phillips
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia; (J.M.P.); (S.L.O.)
- LAGOM NutriHealing, 16 Gentile Court, Hobart, TAS 7010, Australia
| | - Soo Liang Ooi
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia; (J.M.P.); (S.L.O.)
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia; (J.M.P.); (S.L.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6338-4952; Fax: +61-2-6338-4993
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García-Sanmartín J, Bobadilla M, Mirpuri E, Grifoll V, Pérez-Clavijo M, Martínez A. Agaricus Mushroom-Enriched Diets Modulate the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Reduce Brain Oxidative Stress in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040695. [PMID: 35453380 PMCID: PMC9026521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases pose a major problem for developed countries, and stress has been identified as one of the main risk factors in the development of these disorders. Here, we have examined the protective properties against brain oxidative stress of two diets supplemented with 5% (w/w) of Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom) or Agaricus bisporus brunnescens (Portobello mushroom) in mice. These diets did not modify the weight gain of the animals when compared to those fed with a regular diet, even after feeding on them for 15 weeks. The long-term modification of the microbiota after 12 weeks on the diets was investigated. At the phylum level, there was a large increase of Verrucomicrobia and a reduction of Cyanobacteria associated with the mushroom diets. No changes were observed in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, whose stability is a marker for a healthy diet. At the family level, three groups presented significant variations. These included Akkermansiaceae and Tannerellaceae, which significantly increased with both diets; and Prevotellaceae, which significantly decreased with both diets. These bacteria participate in the generation of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and provide a link between the microbiota and the brain. Mice subjected to restraint stress showed an upregulation of Il-6, Nox-2, and Hmox-1 expression; a reduction in the enzymatic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase; and an increase in lipid peroxidation in their brains. All these parameters were significantly prevented by feeding for 3 weeks on the Agaricus-supplemented diets. In summary, the supplementation of a healthy diet with Agaricus mushrooms may significantly contribute to prevent neurodegenerative diseases in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune García-Sanmartín
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (M.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Miriam Bobadilla
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (M.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Eduardo Mirpuri
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (M.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Vanessa Grifoll
- Centro Tecnológico de Investigación del Champiñón de La Rioja (CTICH), 26560 Autol, Spain; (V.G.); (M.P.-C.)
| | - Margarita Pérez-Clavijo
- Centro Tecnológico de Investigación del Champiñón de La Rioja (CTICH), 26560 Autol, Spain; (V.G.); (M.P.-C.)
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain; (J.G.-S.); (M.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-941-278-775
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14
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Medicinal mushrooms: Clinical perspective and challenges. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:636-651. [PMID: 34823005 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms are valued by humans worldwide as food, but also for their medicinal properties. Over 130 medicinal effects of mushrooms have been reported, including anti-diabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, prebiotic, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular benefits. Several mushrooms have been tested in phase I, II, or III clinical trials for various diseases, including cancers, as well as to modulate immunity. Here, we review clinical studies on medicinal mushrooms or preparations (but not pure compounds) derived thereof. Overall, few phase III trials have been performed, and in many cases, these trials included a relatively small number of patients. Therefore, despite the promising published clinical data, especially on immune modulation, more work is required to clarify the therapeutic value of mushrooms.
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15
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Regueiro C, Codesido L, García-Nimo L, Zarraquiños S, Remedios D, Rodríguez-Blanco A, Sinde E, Fernández-de-Ana C, Cubiella J. The Effect of the Nutraceutical "MICODIGEST 2.0" on the Colorectal Cancer Surgery With Curative Intent Complications Rate: A Study Protocol for a Placebo-Controlled Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e34292. [PMID: 35576566 PMCID: PMC9152712 DOI: 10.2196/34292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most colorectal cancer patients diagnosed are candidates for surgical resection with curative intent, although colorectal surgery is associated with some complications that could be life-threatening. Antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly used for the prevention of infectious postoperative complications. However, this intervention can change the composition of intestinal microbiota and promote adverse inflammatory outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. The combination of different fungal extracts could be beneficial because of their role in gut microbiota modulation and their anti-inflammatory activity. Objective Based on this hypothesis, we have designed a double-bind, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of the nutraceutical fungal extract Micodigest 2.0 on complications of surgery for colorectal cancer resection. Methods Colorectal cancer candidates for surgery will be considered for inclusion in the study. After evaluation by the multidisciplinary tumor board, patients who meet selection criteria will be screened, stratified according to tumor location, and randomly allocated to be treated with Micodigest 2.0 or placebo. Treatment will be continued until admission for surgery (4-6 weeks). Participants will undergo a medical and clinical evaluation including baseline and preadmission quality of life, microbiome composition, inflammatory and nutritional status, adverse events, and adherence assessments. The main end point of the study is the surgery complication rate. We will evaluate complications using the Clavien-Dindo classification. It will be necessary to recruit 144 patients to find a relevant clinical difference. We will also evaluate the effect of the nutraceutical on microbiome composition, inflammatory response, nutritional status, and quality of life, as well as the effect of these variables on surgical complications. Results This study was funded in 2020 by the Center for Industrial Technology Development. Recruitment began in September 2021 and is expected to be completed in September 2022. Data will be analyzed and the results will be disseminated in 2023. Conclusions The results of this protocol study could help to reduce surgery complications in patients with colorectal cancer using the new treatment Micodigest. This study could also identify new features associated with colorectal surgery complications. In summary, this study trial could improve the management of colorectal cancer patients. Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT04821258; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04821258 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/34292
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Regueiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Laura Codesido
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Laura García-Nimo
- Clinical Analysis Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - Sara Zarraquiños
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | - David Remedios
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Joaquín Cubiella
- Department of Gastroenterology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Ourense, Spain
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16
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Umaña M, Turchiuli C, Eim V, Rosselló C, Simal S. Stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions with a mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) by-product. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2021.110667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Kurahashi A, Enomoto T, Oguro Y, Kojima-Nakamura A, Kodaira K, Watanabe K, Ozaki N, Goto H, Hirayama M. Intake of Koji Amazake Improves Defecation Frequency in Healthy Adults. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090782. [PMID: 34575820 PMCID: PMC8470246 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reportedly, the intake of koji amazake, a beverage made from steamed rice fermented by Aspergillus oryzae, improves defecation frequency. However, its functional ingredients and mechanism of action remain unclear. To compare the effects of koji amazake and a placebo beverage on defecation frequency and to identify the functional ingredients and mechanism of action, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind parallel-group comparative trial was performed on two groups. The koji amazake had 302 ± 15.5 mg/118 g of A. oryzae cells, which was not in the placebo. Compared with the placebo group, the koji amazake group showed a significant increase in weekly defecation frequency at 2 weeks (5.09 days vs. 4.14 days), 3 weeks (5.41 days vs. 4.18 days), and 4 weeks (5.09 days vs. 3.95 days), along with an increase in the weekly fecal weight at 4 weeks (724 g vs. 501 g). The intake of koji amazake did not induce significant intergroup differences in the fecal SCFA concentration, whereas it significantly decreased the relative abundance of Blautia and significantly increased that of Bacteroides at 3 weeks. Therefore, koji amazake intake improved defecation frequency, and A. oryzae cells played potentially important roles as functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurahashi
- Hakkaisan Brewery Co., Ltd., 1051 Nagamori, Minamiuonuma City, Niigata 949-7112, Japan; (T.E.); (Y.O.); (A.K.-N.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-788-0910
| | - Toshihiko Enomoto
- Hakkaisan Brewery Co., Ltd., 1051 Nagamori, Minamiuonuma City, Niigata 949-7112, Japan; (T.E.); (Y.O.); (A.K.-N.); (K.K.)
| | - Yoshifumi Oguro
- Hakkaisan Brewery Co., Ltd., 1051 Nagamori, Minamiuonuma City, Niigata 949-7112, Japan; (T.E.); (Y.O.); (A.K.-N.); (K.K.)
| | - Ayana Kojima-Nakamura
- Hakkaisan Brewery Co., Ltd., 1051 Nagamori, Minamiuonuma City, Niigata 949-7112, Japan; (T.E.); (Y.O.); (A.K.-N.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazuya Kodaira
- Hakkaisan Brewery Co., Ltd., 1051 Nagamori, Minamiuonuma City, Niigata 949-7112, Japan; (T.E.); (Y.O.); (A.K.-N.); (K.K.)
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 754 Ichibancho, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
| | - Nobuhiro Ozaki
- Niigata Medical Association of Occupational Health Inc., 1185-3 Kitaba, Nishi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 950-1187, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Goto
- Niigata Bio-Research Park Inc., 316-2 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 956-0841, Japan; (H.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Masao Hirayama
- Niigata Bio-Research Park Inc., 316-2 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata City, Niigata 956-0841, Japan; (H.G.); (M.H.)
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18
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Narrative Review: Bioactive Potential of Various Mushrooms as the Treasure of Versatile Therapeutic Natural Product. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090728. [PMID: 34575766 PMCID: PMC8466349 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have remained an eternal part of traditional cuisines due to their beneficial health potential and have long been recognized as a folk medicine for their broad spectrum of nutraceuticals, as well as therapeutic and prophylactic uses. Nowadays, they have been extensively investigated to explain the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of their biomedicine and nutraceuticals capacity. Mushrooms belong to the astounding dominion of Fungi and are known as a macrofungus. Significant health benefits of mushrooms, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal, wound healing, anticancer, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, detoxification, hepatoprotective cardiovascular, anti-hypercholesterolemia, and anti-diabetic effects, etc., have been reported around the globe and have attracted significant interests of its further exploration in commercial sectors. They can function as functional foods, help in the treatment and therapeutic interventions of sub-optimal health states, and prevent some consequences of life-threatening diseases. Mushrooms mainly contained low and high molecular weight polysaccharides, fatty acids, lectins, and glucans responsible for their therapeutic action. Due to the large varieties of mushrooms present, it becomes challenging to identify chemical components present in them and their beneficial action. This article highlights such therapeutic activities with their active ingredients for mushrooms.
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19
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Effects of Pre-Treatment Using Plasma on the Antibacterial Activity of Mushroom Surfaces. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081888. [PMID: 34441665 PMCID: PMC8394274 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma is an efficient tool for preventing post-harvest microbial contamination, many studies have focused on the post-treatment of infected or contaminated foods. In this study, we examined the antimicrobial quality of mushrooms pre-treated with a non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NTAPPJ) or plasma-treated water (PTW). The CFU (Colony Forming Unit) number of Escherichia coli inoculated on surfaces of mushrooms pre-treated with NTAPPJ or PTW was significantly reduced (about 60-75% for NTAPPJ and about 35-85% for PTW), and the reduction rate was proportional to the treatment time. Bacterial attachment and viability of the attached bacteria were decreased on NTAPPJ-treated mushroom surfaces. This may be caused by the increased hydrophilicity and oxidizing capacity observed on NTAPPJ-treated mushroom surfaces. In PTW-treated mushrooms, bacterial attachment was not significantly changed, but death and lipid peroxidation of the attached bacteria were significantly increased. Analysis of mushroom quality showed that loss of water content was greater in mushrooms treated with NTAPPJ compared to that in those with no treatment (control) and PTW treatment during storage. Our results suggest that pre-treatment with NTAPPJ or PTW can improve the antibacterial quality of mushroom surfaces by decreasing bacterial attachment (for NTAPPJ) and increasing bacterial lipid peroxidation (for both NTAPPJ and PTW).
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20
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Colosimo R, Warren FJ, Edwards CH, Ryden P, Dyer PS, Finnigan TJ, Wilde PJ. Comparison of the behavior of fungal and plant cell wall during gastrointestinal digestion and resulting health effects: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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A comparison of toxic and essential elements in edible wild and cultivated mushroom species. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe multi-elemental composition of 4 edible wild-growing mushroom species that commonly occur in Polish forests was compared to 13 cultivated mushroom species available in trade. A considerable variation in the macroelements content was revealed with cultivated species containing higher amounts of macroelements. The mean content of B, Co, Cr, Fe, Pb, Pr, Pt, Sb, Sm, Sr, Te, and Tm was higher in cultivated mushroom species, while the opposite was noted for Ba, Cd, Cu, Hg, La, Mo, Sc, and Zn. Selected cultivated forms exhibited increased content of Al (F. velutipes), As (H. marmoreus, F. velutipes), Ni (P. ostreatus, A. polytricha, H. marmoreus), and Pb (P. ostreatus, A. polytricha, F. velupites, and L. edodes). Wild-growing species, B. boletus, I. badia, and S. bovinus contained high Hg levels, close to or exceeding tolerable intakes. Compared to cultivated mushrooms, they also generally revealed a significantly increased content of Al (with the highest content in B. edulis and I. badia), As and Cd (with the highest content in B. edulis and S. bovinus in both cases). In turn, the cultivated mushrooms were characterized by a higher content of Ni (particularly in A. bisporus) and Pb (with the highest content in P. eryngii). The exposure risks may, however, differ between wild and cultivated mushrooms since the former are consumed seasonally (although in some regions at a high level), while the latter are available throughout the year. Both cultivated and wild-growing mushrooms were found to be a poor source of Ca and Mg, and only a supplemental source of K, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the human diet. These results suggest that mushrooms collected from the wild or cultivated, should be consumed sparingly. The study advocates for more strict monitoring measures of the content of toxic metals/metalloids in mushrooms distributed as food, preferentially through the establishment of maximum allowance levels not limited only to a few elements and mushroom species.
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22
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Maheshwari G, Gessner DK, Neuhaus K, Most E, Zorn H, Eder K, Ringseis R. Influence of a Biotechnologically Produced Oyster Mushroom ( Pleurotus sajor-caju) on the Gut Microbiota and Microbial Metabolites in Obese Zucker Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1524-1535. [PMID: 33497213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms are a rich source of dietary fiber. This study aimed to characterize the modulation of colonic microbiota in Zucker rats after supplementing their diet with a biotechnologically produced oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju). Microbiota composition and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon and bile acids in the plasma of the rats were analyzed to assess the effects of P. sajor-caju supplementation on the microbiota in the colon and its interplay with the host in the event of hepatic steatosis. Microbiota profiles were distinctly modulated by P. sajor-caju supplementation between the obese control rats and the obese rats fed the 5% P. sajor-caju-supplemented diet. P. sajor-caju enhanced the growth of SCFAs-producing bacterial genera, including Faecalibaculum, Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, and Blautia, and decreased the relative abundance of the pathogenic genus Escherichia-Shigella. This was also accompanied by distinct changes in the concentrations of bile acids in the plasma and concentrations of SCFAs in the colon, supporting the initial potentiality of P. sajor-caju as a prebiotic in cases of hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Maheshwari
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Denise K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- Core Facility Microbiome, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen 35392, Germany
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23
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Venturella G, Ferraro V, Cirlincione F, Gargano ML. Medicinal Mushrooms: Bioactive Compounds, Use, and Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020634. [PMID: 33435246 PMCID: PMC7826851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms have important health benefits and exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antiallergic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, cytotoxic, immunomodulating, antidepressive, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, digestive, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, osteoprotective, and hypotensive activities. The growing interest in mycotherapy requires a strong commitment from the scientific community to expand clinical trials and to propose supplements of safe origin and genetic purity. Bioactive compounds of selected medicinal mushrooms and their effects and mechanisms in in vitro and in vivo clinical studies are reported in this review. Besides, we analyzed the therapeutic use and pharmacological activities of mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Venturella
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, I-90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.F.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09123891234
| | - Valeria Ferraro
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, I-90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Fortunato Cirlincione
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, I-90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Maria Letizia Gargano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, I-70126 Bari, Italy;
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Borodina I, Kenny LC, McCarthy CM, Paramasivan K, Pretorius E, Roberts TJ, van der Hoek SA, Kell DB. The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:190-217. [PMID: 32051057 PMCID: PMC7653990 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual thio-histidine betaine amino acid that has potent antioxidant activities. It is synthesised by a variety of microbes, especially fungi (including in mushroom fruiting bodies) and actinobacteria, but is not synthesised by plants and animals who acquire it via the soil and their diet, respectively. Animals have evolved a highly selective transporter for it, known as solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4) in humans, signifying its importance, and ERG may even have the status of a vitamin. ERG accumulates differentially in various tissues, according to their expression of SLC22A4, favouring those such as erythrocytes that may be subject to oxidative stress. Mushroom or ERG consumption seems to provide significant prevention against oxidative stress in a large variety of systems. ERG seems to have strong cytoprotective status, and its concentration is lowered in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. It has been passed as safe by regulatory agencies, and may have value as a nutraceutical and antioxidant more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise C. Kenny
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL8 7SS, UK
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kalaivani Paramasivan
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. Roberts
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
| | - Steven A. van der Hoek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
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Tian T, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Wang T, Jin S, Guo J, Liu Z. The protective role of short-chain fatty acids acting as signal molecules in chemotherapy- or radiation-induced intestinal inflammation. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3508-3531. [PMID: 33294252 PMCID: PMC7716145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A compelling set of links between chemotherapy- or radiation-induced intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis has emerged. It is the proportional imbalance between pathogenic and beneficial bacteria that aggravates intestinal mucositis. Bacteria that ferment fibers and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), (such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate) are typically reduced in the mucosa and feces of patients undergoing cancer therapy. In contrast, increasing lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria result in proinflammatory events by interacting with Toll-like receptors. A collective acceptance is that bacterial metabolites are critical in recovering intestinal homeostasis. We herein review evidence supporting the positive roles carried out by SCFAs. SCFAs, acting as signaling molecules, directly activate G-coupled-receptors and inhibit histone deacetylases. Thus, SCFAs are able to strengthen the gut barrier and regulate immunomodulatory functions. Furthermore, it is possible to reverse intestinal microbial dysbiosis and subsequently suppress the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by directly applying SCFA-producing bacteria. In addition, anticancer effects of SCFAs have proved in the colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss microbial dysbiosis and its impact on chemotherapy- or radiation-induced intestinal mucositis. Moreover, we summarize the mechanisms of SCFA production and its effects on intestinal mucositis. This review suggests the therapeutic potential of SCFAs for the management of chemotherapy- or radiation-induced intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, China
| | - Yangzhi Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, China
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, China
| | - Shunzi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130041, China
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Derbyshire EJ. Is There Scope for a Novel Mycelium Category of Proteins alongside Animals and Plants? Foods 2020; 9:E1151. [PMID: 32825591 PMCID: PMC7555420 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, we face a troubling trilemma of expanding populations, planetary and public wellbeing. Given this, shifts from animal to plant food protein are gaining momentum and are an important part of reducing carbon emissions and consumptive water use. However, as this fast-pace of change sets in and begins to firmly embed itself within food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and food policies we must raise an important question-is now an opportunistic time to include other novel, nutritious and sustainable proteins within FBGD? The current paper describes how food proteins are typically categorised within FBDG and discusses how these could further evolve. Presently, food proteins tend to fall under the umbrella of being 'animal-derived' or 'plant-based' whilst other valuable proteins i.e., fungal-derived appear to be comparatively overlooked. A PubMed search of systematic reviews and meta-analytical studies published over the last 5 years shows an established body of evidence for animal-derived proteins (although some findings were less favourable), plant-based proteins and an expanding body of science for mycelium/fungal-derived proteins. Given this, along with elevated demands for alternative proteins there appears to be scope to introduce a 'third' protein category when compiling FBDG. This could fall under the potential heading of 'fungal' protein, with scope to include mycelium such as mycoprotein within this, for which the evidence-base is accruing.
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Impacts of Habitual Diets Intake on Gut Microbial Counts in Healthy Japanese Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082414. [PMID: 32806561 PMCID: PMC7468936 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diet is an important factor influencing gut microbiota, there are very few studies regarding that relationship in Japanese people. Here, we analyzed the relationship between habitual dietary intake surveyed by food frequency questionnaire and the quantitative features of gut bacteria by quantitative PCR and next generation sequencer in 354 healthy Japanese adults. The α-diversity of gut microbiota was positively correlated with the intake of mushrooms and beans and negatively correlated with the intake of grains. The β-diversity was significantly associated with the intake of fruits, mushrooms, seaweeds, seafoods, and alcoholic beverages. Multiple linear regression analysis of the relationship between food groups associated with the diversity of gut microbiota and the number of gut bacteria at the genus level found 24 significant associations, including a positive association between alcoholic beverages and the number of Fusobacterium. These results support that habitual dietary intake influenced the diversity of gut microbiota and was strongly associated with the number of specific gut bacteria. These results will help us to understand the complex relationship between habitual diet and gut microbiota of the Japanese.
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Quality improvement of noodles with mushroom fortified and its comparison with local branded noodles. NFS JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lu H, Lou H, Hu J, Liu Z, Chen Q. Macrofungi: A review of cultivation strategies, bioactivity, and application of mushrooms. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2333-2356. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Hanghang Lou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Jingjin Hu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Qihe Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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Feng Y, Zhang J, Wen C, Sedem Dzah C, Chidimma Juliet I, Duan Y, Zhang H. Recent advances in Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, physicochemical characterization and bioactivities. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Investigation of differentiation of metal contents of Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus sold commercially in Poland between 2009 and 2017. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Blumfield M, Abbott K, Duve E, Cassettari T, Marshall S, Fayet-Moore F. Examining the health effects and bioactive components in Agaricus bisporus mushrooms: a scoping review. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 84:108453. [PMID: 32653808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence from both in vitro and animal models that the consumption of edible mushrooms has beneficial effects on health. It is unclear whether similar effects exist in humans and which bioactive compounds are present. This review synthesises the evidence on the world's most commonly consumed mushroom, Agaricus bisporus to (i) examine its effect on human health outcomes; and (ii) determine the nutrient density of its bioactive compounds, which may explain their health effects. A systematic literature search was conducted on the consumption of A. bisporus, without date and study design limits. Bioactive compounds included ergosterol, ergothioneine, flavonoids, glucans and chitin. Two authors independently identified studies for inclusion and assessed methodological quality. Beneficial effects of A. bisporus on metabolic syndrome, immune function, gastrointestinal health and cancer, with the strongest evidence for the improvement in Vitamin D status in humans, were found. Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposed mushrooms may increase and maintain serum 25(OH)D levels to a similar degree as vitamin D supplements. A. bisporus contain beta-glucans, ergosterol, ergothioneine, vitamin D and an antioxidant compound usually reported as flavonoids; with varying concentrations depending on the type of mushroom, cooking method and duration, and UVB exposure. Further research is required to fully elucidate the bioactive compounds in mushrooms using vigorous analytical methods and expand the immunological markers being tested. To enable findings to be adopted into clinical practice and public health initiatives, replication of existing studies in different population groups is required to confirm the impact of A. bisporus on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Blumfield
- BNutrDiet (Hons), PhD, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kylie Abbott
- BNutrDiet (Hons), PhD, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Emily Duve
- BPESS, MPH, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim Cassettari
- BSc(Hons), BAppSc, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Skye Marshall
- BNutrDiet (Hons), PhD, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Bond University, Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Flavia Fayet-Moore
- BSc(Hons), MNutrDiet, PhD, Nutrition Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Liu X, Zhang B, Liu H, Zhang G, Zhao J, Liu L, Piao X, Song H, Zhang S, Li Y. Determination of the available energy values and amino acid digestibility of Flammulina velutipes stem waste and its effects on carcass trait and meat quality fed to growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:41. [PMID: 32391146 PMCID: PMC7197121 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flammulina velutipes stem waste (FVS) is the by-product of mushroom industry. The objectives of this study were to determine the available energy and amino acid digestibility of FVS fed to pigs, and to evaluate the effects of dietary FVS inclusion on growth performance, biochemical profile of serum, fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration, carcass traits, meat quality, intestinal morphology and microflora of pigs. In Exp. 1, twelve crossbred barrows with initial body weight (IBW) of 37.48 ± 4.31 kg were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments, including a corn basal diet and an experimental diet containing 24.35% FVS. In Exp. 2, twelve barrows fitted with an ileal T-cannula (IBW: 32.56 ± 1.67 kg) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments, which included a N-free diet and an experimental diet containing 40.0% FVS. In Exp. 3, ninety growing pigs (IBW: 63.98 ± 6.89 kg) were allotted to 1 of 3 treatment diets for 63 d, including a basal diet and 2 experimental diets with 2.5% and 5% FVS, respectively. Results The digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of FVS were 4.58 and 4.06 MJ/kg on dry matter basis, respectively, and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of indispensable AAs ranged from 17.50% to 59.47%. Pigs fed diets with 2.5% FVS showed no difference on average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G/F). Although dietary 5% FVS inclusion impaired apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter and gross energy, it elevated the SCFA concentration (P ≤ 0.04) in gut and antioxidant capacity in serum. In addition, dietary FVS inclusion depressed the backfat thickness (P = 0.03) in pigs. The longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs fed FVS revealed higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration and optimized fatty acid composition. Dietary 2.5% FVS inclusion also improved the intestinal development and health by increasing the villius height to crypt depth ratio (V/C) in jejunum (P < 0.01), and promoting microbial diversity and beneficial microbiota proliferation. Conclusions It is feasible to include moderate content of FVS as an unconventional fiber ingredient in diet of growing-finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhou Liu
- 1Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- 1Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Hansuo Liu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Gang Zhang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Ling Liu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hui Song
- 1Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yu Li
- 1Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
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Gbylik-Sikorska M, Gajda A, Nowacka-Kozak E, Posyniak A. Doxycycline transfer from substrate to white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and assessment of the potential consumer exposure. Food Chem 2020; 324:126867. [PMID: 32344345 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotic residues in the food chain may pose a serious risk to human health. Locating and evaluating new sources of consumer exposure to antibiotic residues in food is a very important element of health protection. The possibility of doxycycline uptake from the substrate for mushroom cultivation by the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) fruit body was investigated. Mushrooms were experimentally cultivated on substrate contaminated with 8 different doxycycline concentrations in substrate and analyte concentrations in mushroom samples were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) The obtained results clearly indicated that doxycycline transfers from contaminated substrate to mushrooms at concentrations ranging from 0.87 to 72.3 µg/kg, depending on substrate contamination concentration level and order of harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Gbylik-Sikorska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Anna Gajda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Ewelina Nowacka-Kozak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Andrzej Posyniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Xu H, Wang Y, Jurutka PW, Wu S, Chen Y, Cao C, Chen G, Tian B, Wang S, Cheng S. 16α-Hydroxytrametenolic Acid from Poria cocos Improves Intestinal Barrier Function Through the Glucocorticoid Receptor-Mediated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10871-10879. [PMID: 31517482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of triterpenoids from edible mushroom Poria cocos on intestinal epithelium integrity and revealed the transcriptional regulatory pathways that underpin restorative mechanisms in the gut. Based on computational docking studies, transcriptional activation experiments and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein immunofluorescence localization assays in cultured cells, 16α-hydroxytrametenolic acid (HTA) was discovered as a novel GR agonist in this study. HTA ameliorates TNF-α-induced Caco-2 monolayer intestinal epithelial barrier damage and suppressed activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt), which attenuated downstream IκB and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) phosphorylation through GR activation. Moreover, HTA prevented NF-κB translocation into the nucleus and binding to its cis-element and suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced downstream NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokines at both protein and mRNA expression levels. In conclusion, HTA from P. cocos improves intestinal barrier function through a GR-mediated PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway and may be potentially exploited as a supportive dietary therapeutic strategy for restoring gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | | | - Peter W Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85306 , United States
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Antioxidant Versus Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Mushroom-Enriched Diets on Mitochondria in Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163987. [PMID: 31426291 PMCID: PMC6720908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and in the control of cell death signalling during the progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Associated with the metabolic syndrome, NAFLD is mostly driven by insulin-resistant white adipose tissue lipolysis that results in an increased hepatic fatty acid influx and the ectopic accumulation of fat in the liver. Upregulation of beta-oxidation as one compensatory mechanism leads to an increase in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and ATP generation. The progression of NAFLD is associated with alterations in the mitochondrial molecular composition and respiratory capacity, which increases their vulnerability to different stressors, including calcium and pro-inflammatory molecules, which result in an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that, altogether, may ultimately lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. This may activate further pro-inflammatory pathways involved in the progression from steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH). Mushroom-enriched diets, or the administration of their isolated bioactive compounds, have been shown to display beneficial effects on insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation by regulating nutrient uptake and lipid metabolism as well as modulating the antioxidant activity of the cell. In addition, the gut microbiota has also been described to be modulated by mushroom bioactive molecules, with implications in reducing liver inflammation during NAFLD progression. Dietary mushroom extracts have been reported to have anti-tumorigenic properties and to induce cell-death via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This calls for particular attention to the potential therapeutic properties of these natural compounds which may push the development of novel pharmacological options to treat NASH and HCC. We here review the diverse effects of mushroom-enriched diets in liver disease, emphasizing those effects that are dependent on mitochondria.
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