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Ma L, Li J, Zhang X, Zhang W, Jiang C, Yang B, Yang H. Chinese botanical drugs targeting mitophagy to alleviate diabetic kidney disease, a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1360179. [PMID: 38803440 PMCID: PMC11128677 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1360179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the chronic microvascular complications caused by diabetes, which is characterized by persistent albuminuria and/or progressive decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and has been the major cause of dialysis around the world. At present, although the treatments for DKD including lifestyle modification, glycemic control and even using of Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors can relieve kidney damage caused to a certain extent, there is still a lack of effective treatment schemes that can prevent DKD progressing to ESRD. It is urgent to find new complementary and effective therapeutic agents. Growing animal researches have shown that mitophagy makes a great difference to the pathogenesis of DKD, therefore, exploration of new drugs that target the restoration of mitophagy maybe a potential perspective treatment for DKD. The use of Chinese botanical drugs (CBD) has been identified to be an effective treatment option for DKD. There is growing concern on the molecular mechanism of CBD for treatment of DKD by regulating mitophagy. In this review, we highlight the current findings regarding the function of mitophagy in the pathological damages and progression of DKD and summarize the contributions of CBD that ameliorate renal injuries in DKD by interfering with mitophagy, which will help us further explain the mechanism of CBD in treatment for DKD and explore potential therapeutic strategies for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Qi Y, Xu X, Mao C, Chen H, Tang Y, Lin S. Evaluation of In Vivo Folic Acid Bioavailability in Different Mouse Strains Using Enzymatic Digestion Combined with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2229-2239. [PMID: 38230629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
By analyzing the folic acid content of various mouse strains through the use of in vivo studies, this study sought to determine whether folic acid bioavailability varies between hosts. In order to examine the stability of folic acid in the gastrointestinal tract, the rate at which it enters the blood, its retention in the organs, and its entry into the brain, folic acid was gavaged for 10 days into male and female mice of the following four strains: C57BL/6, BALB/c, ICR, and Kunming. Folic acid was extracted from eight groups of mice via solid phase extraction and triple enzyme extraction; the folic acid was subsequently quantified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography. In contrast to the other groups, female C57BL/6 mice exhibited substantially greater bioavailability as well as variations in organ retention and blood entry rates, as indicated by the experimental findings. This finding indicated that using female C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the bioavailability of folic acid is more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Chuwen Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Hunan Chen
- Ganzhou Quanbiao Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Ganzhou 341100, P. R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Food, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Special Dietary Food, The Education Department of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116034, P. R. China
- Ganzhou Quanbiao Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Ganzhou 341100, P. R. China
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Zhu Z, Luan G, Peng S, Fang Y, Fang Q, Shen S, Wu K, Qian S, Jia W, Ye J, Wei L. Huangkui capsule attenuates diabetic kidney disease through the induction of mitophagy mediated by STING1/PINK1 signaling in tubular cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154975. [PMID: 37517171 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria is critic to tubulopathy, especially in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Huangkui capsule (HKC; a new ethanol extract from the dried corolla of Abelmoschus manihot) has significant clinical effect on DKD. Previous studies have shown that HKC protects kidney by regulating mitochondrial function, but its mechanism is still unclear. The latest research found that the stimulator of interferon genes (STING1) signal pathway is closely related to mitophagy. However, whether HKC induces mitophagy through targeting STING1/PTEN-Induced putative kinase (PINK1) in renal tubular remains elusive. OBJECTIVE This study aims to clarify the therapeutic effect of HKC on renal tubular mitophagy in DKD and its potential mechanism in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: CON group, DKD group, HKC-L (1.0 g/kg/day, by gavage), HKC-H (2.0 g/kg/day), and LST group. Diabetes model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) combined with intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ). LST (losartan) is used as a positive control drug. Then, the glomeruli, renal tubular lesions, mitochondrial morphology and function of renal tubular cells and mitophagy levels were detected in mice. In addition, a high glucose injury model was established using HK2 human renal tubular cells. Pretreate HK2 cells with HKC or LST and detect mitochondrial function, mitophagy level, and autophagic flux. In addition, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of STING1 and PINK1 and overexpressing pcDNA3.1 plasmids were transfected into HK-2 cells to validate the mitophagy mechanism regulated by STING1/PINK1 signaling. RESULTS The ratio of urinary albumin to creatinine (ACR), fasting blood glucose, body weight in the early DKD mice model was increased, with damage to the glomerulus and renal tubules, mitochondrial structure and dysfunction in the renal tubules, and inhibition of STING1/PINK1 mediated mitophagy. Although the fasting blood glucose, body weight and serum creatinine levels were hardly ameliated, high dose HKC (2.0 g/kg/day) treatment significantly reduced ACR in the DKD mice to some extent, improved renal tubular injury, accurately upregulated STING1/PINK1 signaling mediated mitophagy levels, improved autophagic flux, and restored healthy mitochondrial pools. In vitro, an increase in mitochondrial fragments, fusion to fission, ROS and apoptosis, and a decrease in respiratory function, mtDNA, and membrane potential were observed in HK2 cells exposed to high glucose. HKC treatment significantly protected mitochondrial dynamics and function, which is consistent with in vivo results. Further research has shown that HKC can increase the level of mitophagy mediated by STING1/PINK1 in HK2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that HKC ameliorates renal tubulopathy in DKD and induces mitophagy partly through the up-regulation of the STING1/PINK1 pathway. These findings may provide an innovative therapeutic basis for DKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- Department of Endocrine Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guangxin Luan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yunyun Fang
- Department of Endocrine Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qiongqiong Fang
- Department of Endocrine Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kaiyue Wu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shengnan Qian
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201306, China; Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou 450007, China.
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Endocrine Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Yu H, Wang M, Yu J, Tang H, Xu Q, Cheng N, Luo X, Wang Y, Ge H, Qiang L, Tang W, Gu HF. Evaluation of the efficacy of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) on diabetic nephropathy by analyzing biomarkers in the glomeruli and proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1215996. [PMID: 37587982 PMCID: PMC10427220 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1215996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: As a traditional Chinese medicine, Abelmoschus manihot (L.) in the form of Huangkui (HK) capsule has been used as a medication for kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN), in China. The most significant effect of HK capsule treatment in kidney diseases is the reduction of albuminuria and proteinuria. To evaluate the efficacy of HK capsule in the regression of DN, in the current study, we analyzed the biomarkers in the glomerulus and proximal and distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys of db/db mice, the animal model for type 2 diabetes and DN. Methods: Huangkui capsules (0.84 g/kg/d) or vehicle were administered daily via oral gavage for 4 weeks in db/db mice. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and blood glucose levels were measured during the whole experimental period. Five biomarkers in the glomerulus and proximal and distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys were selected, namely, col4a3, slc5a2, slc34a1, slc12a3, and slc4a1, and their activities at mRNA and protein levels before and after HK capsule treatment were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Result and discussion: After HK capsule treatment for 4 weeks, the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in db/db mice was found to be significantly decreased. The activities of col4a3, slc5a2, slc34a1, slc12a3, and slc4a1 in the kidneys were upregulated in db/db mice prior to the treatment but downregulated after HK capsule treatment. Further analyses of the fields of whole kidney tissue sections demonstrated that the number of nephrons in the kidneys of db/db mice with HK capsule treatment was higher than that in the kidneys of db/db mice without HK capsule treatment. Thereby, the current study provides experimental evidence confirming the medical efficacy of A. manihot in the reduction of albuminuria and proteinuria, suggesting that A. manihot may have pharmacological efficacy in the regression of the development of type 2 diabetes-DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingshi Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Tang
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Islet Cell Senescence and Function Research Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Geriatric Hospital/Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Harvest F. Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Dusabimana T, Je J, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. GOLPH3 promotes endotoxemia-induced liver and kidney injury through Golgi stress-mediated apoptosis and inflammatory response. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:458. [PMID: 37479687 PMCID: PMC10361983 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious clinical condition characterized by a systemic inflammatory response, a leading cause of acute liver and kidney injury, and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the acute liver and kidney injury is crucial for developing an effective therapy. Golgi apparatus plays important roles and has various substrates mediating cellular stress responses. Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), linking Golgi membranes to the cytoskeleton, has been identified as an important oncogenic regulator; however, its role in endotoxemia-induced acute liver and kidney injury remains elusive. Here, we found that upregulation of GOLPH3 was associated with endotoxemia-induced acute liver and kidney injury. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment increased Golgi stress and fragmentation, and associated pro-inflammatory mediator (Tnfα, IL-6, and IL-1β) production in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, the downregulation of GOLPH3 significantly decreased LPS-induced Golgi stress and pro-inflammatory mediators (Tnfα, IL-6, Mcp1, and Nos2), and reversed apoptotic cell deaths in LPS-treated hepatocytes and renal tubular cells. GOLPH3 knockdown also reduced inflammatory response in LPS-treated macrophages. The AKT/NF-kB signaling pathway was suppressed in GOLPH3 knockdown, which may be associated with a reduction of inflammatory response and apoptosis and the recovery of Golgi morphology and function. Taken together, GOLPH3 plays a crucial role in the development and progression of acute liver and kidney injury by promoting Golgi stress and increasing inflammatory response and apoptosis, suggesting GOLPH3 as a potential therapeutic target for endotoxemia-induced tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Anti-aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Anti-aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
- Anti-aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
- Anti-aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
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Shi X, Chang M, Zhao M, Shi Y, Zhang Y. Traditional Chinese medicine compounds ameliorating glomerular diseases via autophagy: A mechanism review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wang SW, Chang CC, Hsuan CF, Chang TH, Chen YL, Wang YY, Yu TH, Wu CC, Houng JY. Neuroprotective Effect of Abelmoschus manihot Flower Extracts against the H 2O 2-Induced Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in PC12 Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100596. [PMID: 36290563 PMCID: PMC9598102 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of neurodegenerative diseases is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Abelmoschus manihot L. flower (AMf) has been shown to possess excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study investigated the protective effect of ethanolic extract (AME), water extract (AMW) and supercritical extract (AMS) of AMf on PC12 neuronal cells under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulation. This study also explored the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of AME, which was the best among the three extracts. The experimental results showed that even at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, neither AME nor AMW showed toxic effects on PC12 cells, while AMS caused about 10% cell death. AME has the most protective effect on apoptosis of PC12 cells stimulated with 0.5 mM H2O2. This is evident by the finding when PC12 cells were treated with 500 μg/mL AME; the viability was restored from 58.7% to 80.6% in the Treatment mode (p < 0.001) and from 59.1% to 98.1% in the Prevention mode (p < 0.001). Under the stimulation of H2O2, AME significantly up-regulated the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase; promoted the production of the intracellular antioxidant; reduced glutathione; and reduced ROS generation in PC12 cells. When the acute inflammation was induced under the H2O2 stimulation, AME significantly down-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 and iNOS). AME pretreatment could also greatly promote the production of nucleotide excision repair (NER)-related proteins, which were down-regulated by H2O2. This finding indicates that AME could repair DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. Results from this study demonstrate that AME has the potential to delay the onset and progression of oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Wang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Chang
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Feng Hsuan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ya Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hung Yu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ching Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Dachang Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yiing Houng
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-6151100 (ext. 7915)
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Liu X, Ge M, Zhai X, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Zhou Z, Mei Z, Yang X. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of diabetic kidney disease: A study-level pooled analysis of 44 randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1009571. [PMID: 36313382 PMCID: PMC9606328 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1009571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has significant effects on reducing 24-h urinary protein (24-h UPRO) and improves renal function indices. The current level of evidence-based medicine is still not enough due to the limitation of clinical center size and sample size. Objective: We aimed to update the current evidence on the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and SinoMed were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical efficacy of TCM combined with Western medicine with that of Western medicine alone for the treatment of DKD. The main outcome measure was 24-h UPRO. The secondary outcomes were serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: A total of 44 RCTs with 3,730 participants were included. The summary estimates showed that compared with Western medicine alone, TCM combined with Western medicine significantly improved 24-h UPRO [standardized mean difference (SMD) −1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.45 to −0.74]. Moreover, TCM combined with Western medicine significantly reduced the levels of other renal function indices, including Scr (SMD −1.25, 95% CI: −1.69 to −0.81) and BUN (SMD −0.75, 95% CI: −1.10 to −0.40). TCM combined with Western medicine also showed greater benefits in reducing the levels of FBG (SMD −0.31, 95% CI: −0.47 to −0.15) and HbA1c (SMD −0.62, 95% CI: −0.89 to −0.36) in patients with DKD. In addition, superior effects on the lipid profile were noted in the TCM combined with Western medicine group in terms of TG (SMD −1.17, 95% CI: −1.76 to −0.59) and TC (SMD −0.95, 95% CI: −1.43 to −0.47). The risk of bias could have resulted from selective reports, unclear randomization methods, unblinded assignments, and some missing data. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that TCM combined with Western medicine has significant effects on reducing 24-h UPRO and improves renal function indices and lipid profiles compared with Western medicine alone for DKD. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the risk of bias of the included trials. Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=213199], identifier [CRD: 42020213199].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuele Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minyao Ge
- Department of Urology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Zhai
- Department of Urology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaheng Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziling Xu
- Institute of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zubing Mei
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zubing Mei, ; Xuejun Yang,
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zubing Mei, ; Xuejun Yang,
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9
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Liu T, Jin Q, Ren F, Yang L, Mao H, Ma F, Wang Y, Li P, Zhan Y. Potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds targeting autophagy to alleviate podocyte injury in glomerular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113670. [PMID: 36116248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a common cause of proteinuric kidney diseases. Uncontrollable progressive podocyte loss accelerates glomerulosclerosis and increases the risk of end-stage renal disease. To date, owing to the complex pathological mechanism, effective therapies for podocyte injury have been limited. Accumulating evidence supports the indispensable role of autophagy in the maintenance of podocyte homeostasis. A variety of natural compounds and their derivatives have been found to regulate autophagy through multiple targets, including promotes nuclear transfer of transcription factor EB and lysosomal repair. Here, we reviewed the recent studies on the use of natural compounds and their derivatives as autophagy regulators and discussed their potential applications in ameliorating podocyte injury. Several known natural compounds with autophagy-regulatory properties, such as quercetin, silibinin, kaempferol, and artemisinin, and their medical uses were also discussed. This review will help in improving the understanding of the podocyte protective mechanism of natural compounds and promote their development for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feihong Ren
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zhang Z, Sun Y, Xue J, Jin D, Li X, Zhao D, Lian F, Qi W, Tong X. The critical role of dysregulated autophagy in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977410. [PMID: 36091814 PMCID: PMC9453227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the major public health problems in society today. It is a renal complication caused by diabetes mellitus with predominantly microangiopathy and is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Autophagy is a metabolic pathway for the intracellular degradation of cytoplasmic products and damaged organelles and plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis and function of the renal cells. The dysregulation of autophagy in the hyperglycaemic state of diabetes mellitus can lead to the progression of DKD, and the activation or restoration of autophagy through drugs is beneficial to the recovery of renal function. This review summarizes the physiological process of autophagy, illustrates the close link between DKD and autophagy, and discusses the effects of drugs on autophagy and the signaling pathways involved from the perspective of podocytes, renal tubular epithelial cells, and mesangial cells, in the hope that this will be useful for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - De Jin
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Wenxiu Qi, ; Xiaolin Tong,
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Ding Z, Zhao J, Wang X, Li W, Chen C, Yong C, Zhu Y, Tian F, Liu L, Yu M, Zhou E, Gu L, Yao C, Gao K. Total extract of Abelmoschus manihot L. alleviates uric acid-induced renal tubular epithelial injury via inhibition of caspase-8/caspase-3/NLRP3/GSDME signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907980. [PMID: 36052125 PMCID: PMC9424722 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The incidence of uric acid (UA)-induced kidney injury is increasing owing to the high incidence of hyperuricemia in recent years. The flower of Abelmoschus manihot (Linneus) Medik is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb widely used in the treatment of some kidney diseases. In our previous study, we reported that the total extract of A. manihot L. flower (TEA) attenuated adriamycin-induced renal tubular cell injury. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of TEA in UA-induced tubular cell injury. Methods: Normal rat proximal epithelial NRK-52E cells were incubated with UA to mimic hyperuricemia conditions. The role of TEA in the renal tubular cells was also assessed. The cellular morphology was observed using phase-contrast microscopy, and cell viability was analyzed using the Cell Counting kit-8. Living and dead cells were stained using a Calcein-AM/PI double stain kit. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was analyzed by LDH cytotoxicity Assay Kit. The expression of target proteins was analyzed using western blot analysis. Results: UA triggered NRK-52E cell injury, as evidenced by morphological changes, detachment of cells from the bottom, cell swelling, large bubbles blowing from cell membrane and loss of cell viability. UA increased release of LDH. UA induced the expression of p-ERK1/2 and the subsequent activation of caspase-8, caspase-3, and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Pyroptosis was elicited by UA after gasdermin E N-terminal (GSDME-NT) was cleaved from gasdermin E (GSDME). Z-DEVD-FMK, a caspase-3 inhibitor, suppressed the expression of both NLRP3 and GSDME-NT, but not that of caspase-8. INF39, an NLRP3 inhibitor, altered the expression of GSDME-NT expression, but not that caspase-3 and caspase-8. TEA alleviated UA-induced cell injury by suppressing ERK1/2/caspase-8/caspase-3/NLRP3/GSDME signaling. Conclusion: GSDME-mediated pyroptosis was involved in UA-induced renal tubular cell injury. This is the first study to report that TEA protects renal tubular epithelial cells against UA by inhibiting the ERK/1/2/caspase-8/caspase-3/NLRP3/GSDME pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Division of Nephrology, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xufang Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Yong
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiye Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Manshu Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Enchao Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liubao Gu
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlei Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Gao, ; Chunlei Yao,
| | - Kun Gao
- Division of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Gao, ; Chunlei Yao,
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Sun X, Li P, Lin H, Ni Z, Zhan Y, Cai G, Liu C, Chen Q, Wang W, Wang X, Zhang P, Li P, Liang M, Zheng H, Wang N, Miao L, Jin R, Guo Z, Wang Y, Chen X. Efficacy and safety of Abelmoschus manihot in treating chronic kidney diseases: A multicentre, open-label and single-arm clinical trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154011. [PMID: 35278897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE The efficacy of Abelmoschus manihot (AM) in treating of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been confirmed by prior trials. AM is also commonly combined to other medicines among CKD patients in clinic. This trial aimed at evaluating the safety of AM combination application, and further verifying the efficacy of AM in treating various types of CKD. STUDY DESIGN A multicentre, prospective, open-label, single-arm trial SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Approximately 2000 CKD patients with proteinuria (≥ 150 mg/d), from 105 centres across China INTERVENTIONS: AM was administered to patients three times per day for 24 weeks: the daily dose was based on age (> 12 years old: 2.5 g tid; 6∼12 years old: 1.5 g tid; 2∼6 years old: 1 g tid) OUTCOMES: The efficacy outcomes were the change in 24-hour proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline to week 24. Safety outcomes included adverse events and laboratory tests. RESULTS 2054 CKD patients from 105 centres were enrolled in this trial, with 1843 (89.7%) completing the 24-week follow-up. The participants' median age was 44 years old and 44.6% were female. Compared to baseline, 24-hour proteinuria decreased 471 mg (95% confident interval, 367 to 575, p < 0.001) at week 24. eGFR did not change significantly relative to baseline with the mean increase as 1.7 ml/min/1.73 m2 (95% confident interval, -0.3 to 3.7, p = 0.09). 902 (43.9%) participants combined medication to AM during follow-up. The total incidence of adverse events was 12.9%; and the most common adverse events were hyperlipidaemia (4.1%), abnormal liver function (2.3%), upper respiratory infection (1.8%), and hyperglycaemia (1.1%). Combined medications did not change the risk for hyperlipidaemia and upper respiratory infection. The combination application with antiplatelet reagents increased the risk of abnormal liver function, and with calcium channel blockers increased the risk of hyperglycaemia. LIMITATIONS Single-arm clinical trial and short observation time CONCLUSION: We have provided safety information of AM on various types of CKD in a large trial, especially when combination to medications most commonly prescribed to CKD patients. AM also showed to decrease proteinuria with stable kidney function during follow up. AM is a promising treatment for CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongli Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qinkai Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wenge Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ha'erbin, 150036, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army No.174 Hospital, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Hongguang Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Chinese people's liberation army general hospital in northern war zone, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Six Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ruixia Jin
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Hai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, China.
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Anti-inflammatory effects of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. on LPS-induced cystitis in mice: potential candidate for cystitis treatment based on classic use. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:321-331. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Comparative Study on Chemical Constituents of Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Parts of Flos Abelmoschus manihot, Based on Metabolite Profiling Coupled with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8040317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition), Abelmoschi Corolla (AC) is the dried corolla of Flos Abelmoschus manihot (FAM). Market research has found that AC is often mixed with the non-medicinal parts in FAM, including calyx, stamen, and pistil. However, previous studies have not clarified the relationship between the medicinal and non-medicinal parts of FAM. In this study, in order to investigate whether there is any distinction between the medicinal and non-medicinal parts of FAM, the characterization of the constituents in calyx, corolla, stamen, and pistil was analyzed by UFLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to classify and screen differential constituents between medicinal and non-medicinal parts of FAM, and the relative contents of differential constituents were compared based on the peak intensities. Results showed that 51 constituents in medicinal and non-medicinal parts of FAM were identified, and the fragmentation pathways to different types of constituents were preliminarily deduced by the fragmentation behavior of the identified constituents. Furthermore, multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the medicinal and non-medicinal parts of FAM differed significantly; 20 differential constituents were screened out to reveal the characteristics of metabolic differences. Among them, the relative contents of 19 differential constituents in the medicinal part were significantly higher than those in non-medicinal parts. This study could be helpful in the quality evaluation of AC as well as provide basic information for the improvement of the market standard of AC.
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METTL3 enhances NSD2 mRNA stability to reduce renal impairment and interstitial fibrosis in mice with diabetic nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:124. [PMID: 35354439 PMCID: PMC8969340 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear receptor-binding SET domain protein 2 (NSD2) is a histone methyltransferase that has been demonstrated to regulate insulin secretion and glucose concentration. This study focused on the role of NSD2 in the renal impairment during diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods Serum NSD2 level in patients with DN was examined, and its correlations with the renal impairment-related indicators were examined. A murine model of DN was established, and mouse mesangial cells (SV40-MES-13) were treated with high-glucose (HG) to mimic a DN-like condition in vitro. Overexpression of NSD2 was introduced into mice or cells for in vivo and in vitro studies. The m6A level in HG-treated SV40-MES-13 cells was analyzed. METTL3 expression and its correlation with NSD2 were determined. Results NSD2 was poorly expressed in the serum of patients with DN and was negatively correlated with the levels of fasting blood sugar (FBG), serum creatinine (SCr), serum cystatin C (S-Cys-C), the 24-h urine protein (24-h U-protein) and the urine cystatin C (U-Cys-C). NSD2 overexpression reduced the kidney weight and reduced renal impairment in mice. It also suppressed interstitial fibrosis in mouse kidney tissues and reduced fibrosis-related markers in HG-treated SV40-MES-13 cells. HG treatment reduced the m6A level in the cells. METTL3 promoted m6A modification of NDS2 mRNA and enhanced its stability by YTHDF1. METTL3 overexpression alleviated renal impairment and fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. But the protective role was blocked upon NSD2 silencing. Conclusion This study demonstrates that METTL3 promotes NSD2 mRNA stability by YTHDF1 to alleviate progression of DN. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02753-3.
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Yao T, Su W, Han S, Lu Y, Xu Y, Chen M, Wang Y. Recent Advances in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Treatment of Podocyte Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:816025. [PMID: 35281899 PMCID: PMC8914202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.816025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte is also called glomerular epithelial cell, which has been considered as the final gatekeeper of glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). As a major contributor to proteinuria, podocyte injury underlies a variety of glomerular diseases and becomes the challenge to patients and their families in general. At present, the therapeutic methods of podocyte injury mainly include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, steroid and immunosuppressive medications. Nevertheless, the higher cost and side effects seriously disturb patients with podocyte injury. Promisingly, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has received an increasing amount of attention from different countries in the treatment of podocyte injury by invigorating spleen and kidney, clearing heat and eliminating dampness, as well enriching qi and activating blood. Therefore, we searched articles published in peer-reviewed English-language journals through Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The protective effects of active ingredients, herbs, compound prescriptions, acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of podocyte injury were further summarized and analyzed. Meanwhile, we discussed feasible directions for future development, and analyzed existing deficiencies and shortcomings of TCM in the treatment of podocyte injury. In conclusion, this paper shows that TCM treatments can serve as promising auxiliary therapeutic methods for the treatment of podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiang Su
- Department of Nephrology, The People’s Hospital of Mengzi, Mengzi, China
| | - Shisheng Han
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Wang,
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Lai J, Tang Y, Yang F, Chen J, Huang FH, Yang J, Wang L, Qin D, Law BYK, Wu AG, Wu JM. Targeting autophagy in ethnomedicine against human diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114516. [PMID: 34487846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the past five years, ethnopharmacy-based drugs have been increasingly used in clinical practice. It has been reported that hundreds of ethnopharmacy-based drugs can modulate autophagy to regulate physiological and pathological processes, and ethnomedicines also have certain therapeutic effects on illnesses, revealing the important roles of these medicines in regulating autophagy and treating diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study reviews the regulatory effects of natural products on autophagy in recent years, and discusses their pharmacological effects and clinical applications in the process of diseases. It provides a preliminary literature basis and reference for the research of plant drugs in the regulation of autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive systematic review in the fields of relationship between autophagy and ethnomedicine in treating diseases from PubMed electronic database was performed. Information was obtained from documentary sources. RESULTS We recorded some illnesses associated with autophagy, then classified them into different categories reasonably. Based on the uses of these substances in different researches of diseases, a total of 80 active ingredients or compound preparations of natural drugs were searched. The autophagy mechanisms of these substances in the treatments of divers diseases have been summarized for the first time, we also looked forward to the clinical application of some of them. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy plays a key function in lots of illnesses, the regulation of autophagy has become one of the important means to prevent and treat these diseases. About 80 compounds and preparations involved in this review have been proved to have therapeutic effects on related diseases through the mechanism of autophagy. Experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that these compounds and preparations could treat these diseases by regulating autophagy. The typical natural products curcumin and tripterine have powerful roles in regulating autophagy and show good and diversified curative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei-Hong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Dalian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - An-Guo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Shao M, Ye C, Bayliss G, Zhuang S. New Insights Into the Effects of Individual Chinese Herbal Medicines on Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:774414. [PMID: 34803715 PMCID: PMC8599578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.774414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical and experimental study into the effects of Chinese herbal medicines on chronic kidney disease has evolved over the past 40 years with new insight into their mechanism and evidence of their clinical effects. Among the many traditional Chinese herbs examined in chronic renal disease, five were found to have evidence of sufficient clinical efficacy, high frequency of use, and well-studied mechanism. They are: Abelmoschus manihot and Huangkui capsule, Salvia miltiorrhiza and its components (tanshinone II A, salvianolic acid A and B); Rhizoma coptidis and its monomer berberine; Tripterygium wilfordii and its components (triptolide, tripterygium glycosides); Kudzu root Pueraria and its monomer Puerarin. These Chinese herbal medications have pharmaceutical effects against fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress and also promote renal repair and regeneration. This article reviews their clinical efficacy, anti-fibrotic effects in animal models, and molecular mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghai Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - George Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yang X, Han X, Wen Q, Qiu X, Deng H, Chen Q. Protective Effect of Keluoxin against Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8455709. [PMID: 34712350 PMCID: PMC8548109 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8455709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic kidney disease that develops in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Renal dysfunction and persistent proteinuria are the main clinical features of DN. Podocyte injury is an important cause of persistent proteinuria and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. Traditional Chinese patent medicines can improve renal function by enhancing autophagy and promoting apoptosis. Keluoxin is a Chinese patent medicine that has the effect of invigorating qi and nourishing yin, activating blood, and eliminating blood stasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that Keluoxin may have a protective effect against diabetic nephropathy in rats with type 2 DM. Rats induced with diabetes through streptozocin (STZ) injection and a high-fat and high-sugar diet were treated with Keluoxin (0.63 g/kg/day) for 8 weeks, and renal function, biochemical indicators, and histopathological changes in renal tissues were observed. Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins. The results showed that Keluoxin reduced blood glucose and lipid levels, improved renal function, and alleviated renal histopathological changes in rats with DN. The therapeutic effect was similar to that of Irbesartan (15.6 mg/kg/day). It is inferred that the mechanism works through reducing the obstruction of downstream pathways of autophagy by improving the lysosomal degradation function and alleviating podocyte injury. This study demonstrates that Keluoxin could regulate autophagy in podocytes, alleviate kidney injury in rats with DN, and have a protective effect on renal function; its mechanism can thus be a potential therapy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xuke Han
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Qing Wen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xianliang Qiu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Huan Deng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
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Afsar B, Afsar RE, Demiray A, Covic A, Kanbay M. Deciphering nutritional interventions for podocyte structure and function. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105852. [PMID: 34450318 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing awareness and therapeutic options chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still and important health problem and glomerular diseases constitute and important percentage of CKD. Proteinuria/albuminuria is not just a marker; but it also plays a direct pathogenic role in renal disease progression of CKD. Glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) which consists of fenestrated endothelial cells, fused basal membrane and interdigitating podocyte foot process and filtration slits between foot process is the major barrier for proteinuria/albuminuria. Many glomerular diseases are characterized by disruption of GFB podocytes, foot process and slit diaphragm. Many proteinuric diseases are non-specifically targeted by therapeutic agents such as steroids and calcineurin inhibitors with systemic side effects. Thus, there is unmet need for more efficient and less toxic therapeutic options to treat glomerular diseases. In recent years, modification of dietary intake, has been gained to treat pathologic processes introducing the concept of 'food as a medicine'. The effect of various nutritional products on podocyte function and structure is also trending, especially in recent years. In the current review, we summarized the effect of nutritional interventions on podocyte function and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Atalay Demiray
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Chen Y, Zheng YF, Lin XH, Zhang JP, Lin F, Shi H. Dendrobium mixture attenuates renal damage in rats with diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:590. [PMID: 34165163 PMCID: PMC8222963 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium mixture (DMix) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine widely used for preventing and treating diabetic nephropathy (DN). Autophagy contributes to DN development and progression. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the protective effects of DMix on the kidneys of rats with DN and to determine whether this involves autophagy. Herein, a high‑sugar and high‑fat diet, combined with the intra‑abdominal injection of low‑dose streptozocin, was used to induce DN in 40 Sprague‑Dawley male rats. In total, 10 additional rats were used as controls. The rats with DN were then randomly divided into three groups and treated with DMix, gliquidone or saline via gastric administration for 8 weeks. Body weight, kidney weight, kidney index, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipid, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, as well as the 24‑h urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) were measured. H&E, Periodic Acid‑Schiff and Masson staining were used to examine the renal pathology. The mRNA and protein expression levels of LC3 and Beclin‑1 in renal tissues were measured using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Western blotting was conducted to measure the protein expression levels of PI3K, phosphorylated (p)‑PI3K, Akt, p‑Akt, mTOR, p‑mTOR, LC3 and Beclin‑1 in renal tissues. It was found that DMix significantly reduced the FBG, blood lipids, HbA1c and insulin levels, kidney weight, kidney index and UAER in rats with DN, as well as improved renal function. Rats with DN showed notable glomerular hypertrophy, an increase in mesangial matrix content and renal interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, DMix notably reduced kidney damage. The results demonstrated that DMix inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and mTOR in the kidney tissues of rats with DN, and increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of LC3 and Beclin‑1. Therefore, it was suggested that DMix has protective effects on the kidney of rats with DN, which may be associated with the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and activation of renal autophagy by this traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fang Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Hui Lin
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ping Zhang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Fan Lin
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shi
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Yan LJ. NADH/NAD + Redox Imbalance and Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050730. [PMID: 34068842 PMCID: PMC8153586 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common and severe complication of diabetes mellitus. If left untreated, DKD can advance to end stage renal disease that requires either dialysis or kidney replacement. While numerous mechanisms underlie the pathogenesis of DKD, oxidative stress driven by NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction have been thought to be the major pathophysiological mechanism of DKD. In this review, the pathways that increase NADH generation and those that decrease NAD+ levels are overviewed. This is followed by discussion of the consequences of NADH/NAD+ redox imbalance including disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and function. Approaches that can be applied to counteract DKD are then discussed, which include mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and mimetics of superoxide dismutase, caloric restriction, plant/herbal extracts or their isolated compounds. Finally, the review ends by pointing out that future studies are needed to dissect the role of each pathway involved in NADH-NAD+ metabolism so that novel strategies to restore NADH/NAD+ redox balance in the diabetic kidney could be designed to combat DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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23
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Zhou J, Zhang S, Sun X, Lou Y, Bao J, Yu J. Hyperoside ameliorates diabetic nephropathy induced by STZ via targeting the miR-499-5p/APC axis. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:10-20. [PMID: 33858650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of diabetes. Hyperoside has been widely reported to ameliorate diabetes-associated disease. The current study is designed to explore the mechanism of hyperoside in diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, high glucose was used to treat podocytes. Diabetic nephropathy mice models were established by high-fat feeding followed by multiple low dose injections of streptozocin. Western blot analysis was conducted for detection of extracellular matrix accumulation, inflammatory response and cell apoptosis. We found out that hyperoside improved high glucose-induced cell injury. Additionally, hyperoside prevented mice with diabetic nephropathy from diabetic symptoms and renal dysfunction. Mechanistically, hyperoside inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of APC. MiR-499-5p was found to be an upstream negative mediator of APC, and hyperoside induced the upregulation of miR-499-5p. MiR-499-5p bound with the 3' untranslated region of APC to inhibit its expression. Finally, rescue assays revealed that the suppressive effects of miR-499-5p overexpression on renal dysfunction were rescued by upregulation of APC in mice with diabetic nephropathy. In conclusion, these findings indicated that hyperoside ameliorates diabetic nephropathy via targeting the miR-499-5p/APC axis, suggesting that hyperoside may offer a potential tactic for diabetic nephropathy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinjing Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiangyi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Sun T, Liu J, Xie C, Yang J, Zhao L, Yang J. Metformin attenuates diabetic renal injury via the AMPK-autophagy axis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:578. [PMID: 33850550 PMCID: PMC8027752 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a clinical condition characterized by kidney damage that is observed in patients with diabetes. DN is the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which is the final stage of chronic kidney disease. Increasing evidence suggests that metformin, a characteristic oral hypoglycemic drug used for treating diabetes, exerts beneficial effects on various medical conditions and diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and thyroid-related disorders. However, the impact of metformin on DN remains unknown. The present study investigated whether metformin could attenuate the inflammatory response, fibrosis and increased oxidative stress observed during DN in diabetic/dyslipidemic (db/db) mice. The kidneys of the mice (12-16 weeks) were isolated for immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The results demonstrated that metformin significantly reduced the oxidative damage and fibrosis in the kidneys of db/db mice. Furthermore, metformin treatment significantly inhibited the generation of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β in db/db mice. These effects were induced by the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, which was mediated by increased phosphorylation of AMPK and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), resulting in autophagy and the simultaneous decrease in reactive oxygen species production, cell apoptosis and inflammatory response. These findings suggested that metformin may reduce DN damage via regulation of the AMPK-mTOR-autophagy axis and indicated that metformin may be considered as a potential target in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingli Sun
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Jizhang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Changying Xie
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Daqing Oil Field, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
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Chang J, Yan J, Li X, Liu N, Zheng R, Zhong Y. Update on the Mechanisms of Tubular Cell Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:661076. [PMID: 33859992 PMCID: PMC8042139 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.661076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a role of proximal tubular (PT) injury in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), in patients with or without proteinuria. Research on the mechanisms of the PT injury in DKD could help us to identify potential new biomarkers and drug targets for DKD. A high glucose transport state and mismatched local hypoxia in the PT of diabetes patients may be the initiating factors causing PT injury. Other mechanism such as mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, ER stress, and deficiency of autophagy interact with each other leading to more PT injury by forming a vicious circle. PT injury eventually leads to the development of tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis in DKD. Many downstream signaling pathways have been demonstrated to mediate these diseased processes. This review focuses mostly on the novel mechanisms of proximal renal tubular injury in DKD and we believe such review could help us to better understand the pathogenesis of DKD and identify potential new therapies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Su J, Gao C, Xie L, Fan Y, Shen Y, Huang Q, Wang N, Xu Y, Yang N, Gui D. Astragaloside II Ameliorated Podocyte Injury and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638422. [PMID: 33796024 PMCID: PMC8008105 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside II (AS II), a novel saponin purified from Astragalus membranes, has been reported to modulate the immune response, repair tissue injury, and prevent inflammatory response. However, the protective effects of AS II on podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) have not been investigated yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of AS II on podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in DN. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection at 55 mg/kg in rats. Diabetic rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely, diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with losartan (10 mg·kg−1·d−1) or AS II (3.2 and 6.4 mg·kg−1·d−1) for 9 weeks. Normal Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen as nondiabetic control group. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), biochemical parameters, renal histopathology and podocyte apoptosis, and morphological changes were evaluated. Expressions of mitochondrial dynamics-related and autophagy-related proteins, such as Mfn2, Fis1, P62, and LC3, as well as Nrf2, Keap1, PINK1, and Parkin, were examined by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time PCR, respectively. Our results indicated that AS II ameliorated albuminuria, renal histopathology, and podocyte foot process effacement and podocyte apoptosis in diabetic rats. AS II also partially restored the renal expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related and autophagy-related proteins, including Mfn2, Fis1, P62, and LC3. AS II also increased the expression of PINK1 and Parkin associated with mitophagy in diabetic rats. Moreover, AS II facilitated antioxidative stress ability via increasing Nrf2 expression and decreasing Keap1 protein level. These results suggested that AS II ameliorated podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic rats partly through regulation of Nrf2 and PINK1 pathway. These important findings might provide an innovative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongting Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunwei Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Nizhi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Xu WL, Liu S, Li N, Ye LF, Zha M, Li CY, Zhao Y, Pu Q, Bao JJ, Chen XJ, Yu JY, Pei YH. Quercetin Antagonizes Glucose Fluctuation Induced Renal Injury by Inhibiting Aerobic Glycolysis via HIF-1α/miR-210/ISCU/FeS Pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:656086. [PMID: 33748166 PMCID: PMC7969708 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.656086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Glucose fluctuation (GF) has been reported to induce renal injury and diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the mechanism still remains ambiguous. Mitochondrial energy metabolism, especially aerobic glycolysis, has been a hotspot of DN research for decades. The activation of HIF-1α/miR210/ISCU/FeS axis has provided a new explanation for aerobic glycolysis. Our previous studies indicated quercetin as a potential therapeutic drug for DN. This study aims to evaluate levels of aerobic glycolysis and repressive effect of quercetin via HIF-1α/miR210/ISCU/FeS axis in a cell model of GF. Methods: The mouse glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) were exposed in high or oscillating glucose with or without quercetin treatment. Cell viability was measured by CCK8 assay. Aerobic glycolysis flux was evaluated by lactate acid, pH activity of PFK. Apoptosis level was confirmed by Annexin V-APC/7-AAD double staining and activity of caspase-3. TNF-α and IL-1β were used to evaluate inflammation levels. Results: GF deteriorated inflammation damage and apoptosis injury in MCs, while quercetin could alleviate this GF-triggered cytotoxicity. GF intensified aerobic glycolysis in MCs and quercetin could inhibit this intensification in a dose-dependent manner. Quercetin prevented activities of two FeS-dependent metabolic enzymes, aconitase, and complex I, under GF injury in MCs. The mRNA expression and protein contents of HIF-1α were increased after GF exposure, and these could be alleviated by quercetin treatment. Knockdown of ISCU by siRNA and Up-regulating of miR-210 by mimic could weaken the effects of quercetin that maintained protein levels of ISCU1/2, improved cell viability, relieved inflammation injury, decreased apoptosis, and reduced aerobic glycolysis switch in MCs. Conclusion: Quercetin antagonizes GF-induced renal injury by suppressing aerobic glycolysis via HIF-1α/miR-210/ISCU/FeS pathway in MCs cell model. Our findings contribute to a new insight into understanding the mechanism of GF-induced renal injury and protective effects of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Fang Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zha
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Yin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Pu
- Department of Endocrinology, Rugao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Jin-Jing Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang-Yi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying-Hao Pei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Geniposide Improves Diabetic Nephropathy by Enhancing ULK1-Mediated Autophagy and Reducing Oxidative Stress through AMPK Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041651. [PMID: 33562139 PMCID: PMC7915505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common pathological feature in patients with diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Although several pharmacological agents have been developed, the management of DN remains challenging. Geniposide, a natural compound has been reported for anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects; however, its role in DN remains poorly understood. This study investigated the protective effects of geniposide on DN and its underlying mechanisms. We used a C57BL/6 mouse model of DN in combination with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin after unilateral nephrectomy and treated with geniposide by oral gavage for 5 weeks. Geniposide effectively improves DN-induced renal structural and functional abnormalities by reducing albuminuria, podocyte loss, glomerular and tubular injury, renal inflammation and interstitial fibrosis. These changes induced by geniposide were associated with an increase of AMPK activity to enhance ULK1-mediated autophagy response and a decrease of AKT activity to block oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic kidney. In addition, geniposide increased the activities of PKA and GSK3β, possibly modulating AMPK and AKT pathways, efficiently improving renal dysfunction and ameliorating the progression of DN. Conclusively, geniposide enhances ULK1-mediated autophagy and reduces oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis, suggesting geniposide as a promising treatment for DN.
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29
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Luan F, Wu Q, Yang Y, Lv H, Liu D, Gan Z, Zeng N. Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, Biological Properties, Clinical Settings, and Toxicities of Abelmoschus manihot L.: A Comprehensive Review. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1068. [PMID: 32973492 PMCID: PMC7482509 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abelmoschus manihot, an annual herbal flowering plant, is widely distributed throughout eastern Europe and in temperate and subtropical regions of Asia. Its flowers have been traditionally used for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in China. Currently, more than 128 phytochemical ingredients have been obtained and identified from the flowers, seeds, stems, and leaves of A. manihot. The primary components are flavonoids, amino acids, nucleosides, polysaccharides, organic acids, steroids, and volatile oils. A. manihot and its bioactive constituents possess a plethora of biological properties, including antidiabetic nephropathy, antioxidant, antiadipogenic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antiviral, antitumor, cardioprotective, antiplatelet, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective activities, and have effects on cerebral infarction, bone loss, etc. However, insufficient utilization and excessive waste have already led to a rapid reduction of resources, meaning that a study on the sustainable use of A. manihot is urgent and necessary. Moreover, the major biologically active constituents and the mechanisms of action of the flowers have yet to be elucidated. The present paper provides an early and comprehensive review of the traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and pharmaceutical, quality control, toxicological, and clinical settings to emphasize the benefits of this plant and lays a solid foundation for further development of A. manihot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianhong Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Haizhen Lv
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi'an, China
| | - Daoheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaoping Gan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Dusabimana T, Kim SR, Park EJ, Je J, Jeong K, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. P2Y2R contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting autophagy response. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101089. [PMID: 32987187 PMCID: PMC7568185 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and a critical risk factor for developing end-stage renal disease. Activation of purinergic receptors, including P2Y2R has been associated with the pathogenesis of renal diseases, such as polycystic kidney and glomerulonephritis. However, the role of P2Y2R and its precise mechanisms in DN remain unknown. We hypothesised that P2Y2R deficiency may play a protective role in DN by modulating the autophagy signalling pathway. METHODS We used a mouse model of DN by combining a treatment of high-fat diet and streptozotocin after unilateral nephrectomy in wild-type or P2Y2R knockout mice. We measured renal functional parameter in plasma, examined renal histology, and analysed expression of autophagy regulatory proteins. RESULTS Hyperglycaemia and ATP release were induced in wild type-DN mice and positively correlated with renal dysfunction. Conversely, P2Y2R knockout markedly attenuates albuminuria, podocyte loss, development of glomerulopathy, renal tubular injury, apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis induced by DN. These protective effects were associated with inhibition of AKT-mediated FOXO3a (forkhead box O3a) phosphorylation and induction of FOXO3a-induced autophagy gene transcription. Furthermore, inhibitory phosphorylation of ULK-1 was decreased, and the downstream Beclin-1 autophagy signalling was activated in P2Y2R deficiency. Increased SIRT-1 (sirtuin-1) and FOXO3a expression in P2Y2R deficiency also enhanced autophagy response, thereby ameliorating renal dysfunction in DN. CONCLUSIONS P2Y2R contributes to the pathogenesis of DN by impairing autophagy and serves as a therapeutic target for treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea.
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Gu LF, Ge HT, Zhao L, Wang YJ, Zhang F, Tang HT, Cao ZY, Yu BY, Chai CZ. Huangkui Capsule Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis in a Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Mouse Model Through TRPC6 Dependent Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:996. [PMID: 32719603 PMCID: PMC7350529 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final common pathological manifestation of almost all progressive chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels, especially TRPC3/6, were proposed to be essential therapeutic targets for kidney injury. Huangkui capsule (HKC), an important adjuvant therapy for CKD, showed superior efficacy for CKD at stages 1–2 in clinical practice. However, its anti-fibrotic effect and the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of HKC on renal fibrosis in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and explored the potential underlying mechanism. Administration of HKC by intragastric gavage dose-dependently suppressed UUO-induced kidney injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Similarly, HKC suppressed the expression level of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), increased the expression of E-cadherin, and suppressed the mRNA expression of a plethora of proinflammatory mediators that are necessary for the progression of renal fibrosis. Mechanistically, HKC suppressed both canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways in UUO mice as well as the TRPC6/calcineurin A (CnA)/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling axis. In addition, TRPC6 knockout mice and HKC treated wild type mice displayed comparable protection on UUO-triggered kidney tubulointerstitial injury, interstitial fibrosis, and α-SMA expression. More importantly, HKC had no additional protective effect on UUO-triggered kidney tubulointerstitial injury and interstitial fibrosis in TRPC6 knockout mouse. Further investigation demonstrated that HKC could directly suppress TRPC3/6 channel activities. Considered together, these data demonstrated that the protective effect of HKC on renal injury and interstitial fibrosis is dependent on TRPC6, possibly through direct inhibition of TRPC6 channel activity and indirect suppression of TRPC6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fei Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Tao Ge
- Institute of Huanghui, Jiangsu Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Tao Tang
- Institute of Huanghui, Jiangsu Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Chai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Park YI, Cha YE, Jang M, Park R, Namkoong S, Kwak J, Jang IS, Park J. The Flower Extract of Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Increases Cyclin D1 Expression and Activates Cell Proliferation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1044-1050. [PMID: 32160700 PMCID: PMC9728244 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2002.02024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) is a medicinal herbal plant that is commonly used to treat chronic kidney disease and hepatitis. However, its effect on cell proliferation has not been clearly revealed. In this report, we sought to determine the effect of the flower extract of A. manihot (FA) on cell proliferation. Based on our findings, FA increased the proliferation of human diploid fibroblast (HDF) and HEK293 cells. Through cell cycle analysis, FA was found to increase the number of HDF cells in the S phase and G2/M phase. FA also increased the expression of cyclin D1 and enhanced the migration of HDF cells. By administering FA to HDF cells with ≥30 passages, a decrease in the number of senescence-associated β galactosidase-positive cells was observed, thereby indicating that FA can ameliorate cellular senescence. Collectively, our findings indicate that FA increases cyclin D1 expression and regulates cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-In Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Eun Cha
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Jang
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Rackhyun Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Sim Namkoong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-33-760-2560 Fax: +82-33-760-2183 E-mail:
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Li N, Tang H, Wu L, Ge H, Wang Y, Yu H, Zhang X, Ma J, Gu HF. Chemical constituents, clinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms of the ethanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot flowers in treatment of kidney diseases. Phytother Res 2020; 35:198-206. [PMID: 32716080 PMCID: PMC7891592 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abelmoschus manihot, also called as “Huangkui” in Chinese, is an annual flowering herb plant in the family of Malvaceae. As a traditional Chinese medicine, the ethanol extract of the flower in Abelmoschus manihot is made as Huangkui capsule and has been used for medication of the patients with kidney diseases. Its efficacy in clinical symptoms is mainly improving renal function and reducing proteinuria among the patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetic kidney disease or IgA nephropathy. The possible mechanism of Huangkui capsule treatment in kidney diseases may include reducing inflammation and anti‐oxidative stress, improving immune response, protecting renal tubular epithelial cells, ameliorating podocyte apoptosis, glomerulosclerosis and mesangial proliferation, as well as inhibiting renal fibrosis. In this review, we first described chemical constituents and pharmacokinetic characteristics in ethanol extract of the flower of Abelmoschus manihot. We then summarized the clinical and epidemiological relevancies of kidney diseases particularly in the mainland of China and discussed the possible molecular mechanisms of Huangkui capsule in the treatment of kidney diseases. Finally, we prospected further research on cellular and molecular mechanisms and application of this Chinese natural medicine in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Tang
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Honglin Yu
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jimei Ma
- Suzhong Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Harvest F Gu
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lyons G, Dean G, Tongaiaba R, Halavatau S, Nakabuta K, Lonalona M, Susumu G. Macro- and Micronutrients from Traditional Food Plants Could Improve Nutrition and Reduce Non-Communicable Diseases of Islanders on Atolls in the South Pacific. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080942. [PMID: 32722347 PMCID: PMC7464995 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pacific Islanders have paid dearly for abandoning traditional diets, with diabetes and other non-communicable diseases (NCD) widespread. Starchy root crops like sweet potato, taro, and cassava are difficult to grow on the potassium-deficient soils of atolls, and high energy, low nutrient imported foods and drinks are popular. Nutritious, leafy food plants adapted to alkaline, salty, coral soils could form part of a food system strategy to reduce NCD rates. This project targeted four atolls south of Tarawa, Kiribati, and was later extended to Tuvalu. Mineral levels in diverse, local leafy food plants were compared to reveal genotype–environment interactions. Food plants varied in ability to accumulate minerals in leaves and in tolerance of mineral-deficient soils. Awareness activities which included agriculture, health, and education officers targeted atoll communities. Agriculture staff grew planting material in nurseries and provided it to farmers. Rejuvenation of abandoned giant swamp taro pits to form diversified nutritious food gardens was encouraged. Factsheets promoted the most suitable species from 24 analyzed, with multiple samples of each. These included Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (chaya), Pseuderanthemum whartonianum (ofenga), Polyscias scutellaria (hedge panax), and Portulaca oleracea (purslane). The promoted plants have been shown in other studies to have anti-NCD effects. Inclusion of the findings in school curricula and practical application in the form of demonstration school food gardens, as well as increased uptake by farmers, are needed. Further research is needed on bioavailability of minerals in plants containing phytates and tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Lyons
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-83136533
| | - Geoff Dean
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect, Tasmania 7250, Australia;
| | - Routan Tongaiaba
- Agriculture and Livestock Division, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agriculture Development, Tanaea, South Tarawa, Kiribati; (R.T.); (K.N.)
| | | | - Kabuati Nakabuta
- Agriculture and Livestock Division, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Agriculture Development, Tanaea, South Tarawa, Kiribati; (R.T.); (K.N.)
| | - Matio Lonalona
- Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Environment, Vaiaku, Funafuti, Tuvalu;
| | - Gibson Susumu
- Gibson Susumu: Sustainable Agriculture Programme, The Pacific Community (SPC), Suva, Fiji;
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α-Linolenic Acid-Enriched Cold-Pressed Perilla Oil Suppress High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis through Amelioration of the ER Stress-Mediated Autophagy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112662. [PMID: 32521713 PMCID: PMC7321089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perilla oil has been considered to have excellent potential for treating various diseases due to its contents of beneficial fatty acids, such as α-linolenic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. The therapeutic effects and molecular mechanism of an α-linolenic acid-enriched cold-pressed perilla oil (LEP) on hepatic steatosis of an obesity model were investigated by analyzing alterations in fat accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated autophagy, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity C57BL/6N mice treated with LEP for 16 weeks. Although no significant alterations were detected in body weight and most organ weights, the liver weight and accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver section were significantly lower in HFD + LEP treated group as compared to the HFD + Vehicle treated group. Reduced mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis and lipogenesis regulating factors, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 2 (aP2) were observed after LEP treatment for 16 weeks, while the levels of lipolysis were remarkably increased in the same group. Moreover, the LEP-treated groups showed suppression of ER stress-regulating factors, such as the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1)α, and Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) during anti-hepatic steatosis effects. The expression level of the microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) protein and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway for the autophagy response showed a significant decrease in the HFD+LEP-treated group. Furthermore, ER stress-mediated autophagy was accompanied with enhanced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), JNK, and p38 protein in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that treatment with LEP inhibits hepatic steatosis in the HFD-induced obese model through regulation of adipogenesis and lipolysis. We believe our results are the first to show that the anti-hepatic steatosis activity of α-linolenic acid from cold-pressed perilla oil might be tightly correlated with the amelioration of ER stress-mediated autophagy.
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Li F, Dai B, Ni X. Long non-coding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) alleviates the high glucose-induced injury of CIHP-1 cells via regulating miR-9-5p/PPARγ axis in diabetes nephropathy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:68. [PMID: 32774472 PMCID: PMC7409641 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High glucose (HG) induced podocytes injury plays an important role in diabetes nephropathy (DN) development. Long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) was found to be decreased in serum of DN patients. We aimed to explore the function and possible mechanism of CASC2 in HG induced podocytes injury. METHODS Under normal glucose (NG), HG and mannitol stimulated podocyte conditions, the levels of CASC2, microRNA-9-5p (miR-9-5p) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Podocyte injury was evaluated by measuring cell viability and apoptosis of CIHP-1 cells were checked by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blot was used to detect all protein levels. Dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays were performed to confirm the relationship between CASC2 and miR-9-5p. RESULTS HG stimulation inhibited the expression levels of CASC2 and PPARγ, but promoted the expression of miR-9-5p. HG could restrain cell viability, autophagy and facilitate apoptosis in CIHP-1 cells, while CASC2 overexpression could reverse HG-induced podocytes injury. Furthermore, CASC2 could be used as a ceRNA to adsorb miR-9-5p, and miR-9-5p mimic overturned the effects of CASC2 on cell viability, autophagy and apoptosis in HG-stimulated podocytes. Additionally, PPARγ was a target gene of miR-9-5p, and CASC2 could weaken the HG-induced podocytes injury by up-regulating PPARγ. CONCLUSION CASC2 increased cell viability, autophagy and inhibited cell apoptosis by regulating miR-9-5p/PPARγ axis, thus reducing the HG-induced podocytes injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Heze Mudan People’s Hospital, Heze, Shandong China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong China
| | - Xiquan Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Tai’an Campus of the 960th Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, No.217 Huanshan Road, Taishan District, Tai’an, 271000 Shandong China
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Dragoș D, Manea MM, Timofte D, Ionescu D. Mechanisms of Herbal Nephroprotection in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:5710513. [PMID: 32695828 PMCID: PMC7362309 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5710513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of kidney morbidity. Despite the multilayered complexity of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of DN, the conventional treatment is limited to just a few drug classes fraught with the risk of adverse events, including the progression of renal dysfunction. Phytoceuticals offer a promising alternative as they act on the many-sidedness of DN pathophysiology, multitargeting its intricacies. This paper offers a review of the mechanisms underlying the protective action of these phytoagents, including boosting the antioxidant capabilities, suppression of inflammation, averting the proliferative and sclerosing/fibrosing events. The pathogenesis of DN is viewed as a continuum going from the original offense, high glucose, through the noxious products it generates (advanced glycation end-products, products of oxidative and nitrosative stress) and the signaling chains consequently brought into action, to the harmful mediators of inflammation, sclerosis, and proliferation that eventually lead to DN, despite the countervailing attempts of the protective mechanisms. Special attention was given to the various pathways involved, pointing out the ability of the phytoagents to hinder the deleterious ones (especially those leading to, driven by, or associated with TGF-β activation, SREBP, Smad, MAPK, PKC, NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, and caspase), to promote the protective ones (PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, EP4/Gs/AC/cAMP, Nrf2, AMPK, and SIRT1), and to favorably modulate those with potentially dual effect (PI3K/Akt). Many phytomedicines have emerged as potentially useful out of in vitro and in vivo studies, but the scarcity of human trials seriously undermines their usage in the current clinical practice-an issue that stringently needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Dragoș
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Dionisie Lupu nr. 37, sect 1, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic of University Emergency Hospital, Splaiul Independentei nr. 169, sect. 5, Bucharest 050098, Romania
| | - Maria Mirabela Manea
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Dionisie Lupu nr. 37, sect 1, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- National Institute of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Şos. Berceni, Nr. 10-12, Sector 4, Bucharest 041914, Romania
| | - Delia Timofte
- Dialysis Department of University Emergency Hospital, Splaiul Independentei nr. 169, sect. 5, Bucharest 050098, Romania
| | - Dorin Ionescu
- Faculty of General Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, str. Dionisie Lupu nr. 37, sect 1, Bucharest 020021, Romania
- Nephrology Clinic of University Emergency Hospital, Splaiul Independentei nr. 169, sect. 5, Bucharest 050098, Romania
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Tu Q, Li Y, Jin J, Jiang X, Ren Y, He Q. Curcumin alleviates diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting podocyte mesenchymal transdifferentiation and inducing autophagy in rats and MPC5 cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:778-786. [PMID: 31741405 PMCID: PMC6882478 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1688843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Context: Curcumin could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanism remains unclear.Objective: The efficacy of curcumin on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of podocyte and autophagy in vivo and in vitro was explored.Materials and methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the normal, model and curcumin (300 mg/kg/d, i.g., for 8 weeks) groups. Rats received streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) and high-fat-sugar diet to induce DN. Biochemical indicators and histomorphology of renal tissues were observed. In addition, cultured mouse podocytes (MPC5) was induced to EMT with serum from DN rats, and then exposed to curcumin (40 µM) with or without fumonisin B1, an Akt specific activator or 3BDO, the mTOR inducer. Western blot analysed the levels of EMT and autophagy associated proteins.Results: Administration of curcumin obviously reduced the levels of blood glucose, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen and urine albumen (by 28.4, 37.6, 33.5 and 22.4%, respectively), and attenuated renal histomorphological changes in DN rats. Podocytes were partially fused and autophagic vacuoles were increased in curcumin-treated rats. Furthermore, curcumin upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and LC3 proteins and downregulated the vimentin, TWIST1, p62, p-mTOR, p-Akt and P13K levels in DN rats and MPC5 cells. However, fumonisin B1 or 3BDO reversed the effects of curcumin on the expression of these proteins in cells.Discussion and conclusions: The protection against development of DN by curcumin treatment involved changes in inducing autophagy and alleviating podocyte EMT, through the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway, providing the scientific basis for further research and clinical applications of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiudi Tu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Wan Y, Wang M, Zhang K, Fu Q, Wang L, Gao M, Xia Z, Gao D. Extraction and determination of bioactive flavonoids from
Abelmoschus manihot
(Linn.) Medicus flowers using deep eutectic solvents coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2044-2052. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Wan
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Kailian Zhang
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Fu
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Lujun Wang
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Manjie Gao
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Die Gao
- School of PharmacySouthwest Medical University Luzhou Sichuan P. R. China
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Huang QY, Lai XN, Qian XL, Lv LC, Li J, Duan J, Xiao XH, Xiong LX. Cdc42: A Novel Regulator of Insulin Secretion and Diabetes-Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010179. [PMID: 30621321 PMCID: PMC6337499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdc42, a member of the Rho GTPases family, is involved in the regulation of several cellular functions including cell cycle progression, survival, transcription, actin cytoskeleton organization and membrane trafficking. Diabetes is a chronic and metabolic disease, characterized as glycometabolism disorder induced by insulin deficiency related to β cell dysfunction and peripheral insulin resistance (IR). Diabetes could cause many complications including diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic retinopathy and diabetic foot. Furthermore, hyperglycemia can promote tumor progression and increase the risk of malignant cancers. In this review, we summarized the regulation of Cdc42 in insulin secretion and diabetes-associated diseases. Organized researches indicate that Cdc42 is a crucial member during the progression of diabetes, and Cdc42 not only participates in the process of insulin synthesis but also regulates the insulin granule mobilization and cell membrane exocytosis via activating a series of downstream factors. Besides, several studies have demonstrated Cdc42 as participating in the pathogenesis of IR and DN and even contributing to promote cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasion, migration, and metastasis under hyperglycemia. Through the current review, we hope to cast light on the mechanism of Cdc42 in diabetes and associated diseases and provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xing-Ning Lai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xian-Ling Qian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Lin-Chen Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Jing Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xing-Hua Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Wang Q, Zhou X, Lu X, Liu T, Zhan Y, Li P. Chinese Herbal Medicine in Ameliorating Diabetic Kidney Disease via Activating Autophagy. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9030893. [PMID: 31828168 PMCID: PMC6885296 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), has become a serious public health problem worldwide and lacks effective therapies due to its complex pathogenesis. Recent studies suggested defective autophagy involved in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD. Chinese herbal medicine, as an emerging option for the treatment of DKD, could improve diabetic kidney injury by activating autophagy. In this review, we briefly summarize underlying mechanisms of autophagy dysregulation in DKD, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the sirtuin (Sirt) pathways, and we particularly concentrate on the current status of Chinese herbal medicine treating DKD by regulating autophagy. The advances in our understanding regarding the treatment of DKD via regulating autophagy with Chinese herbal medicine will enhance the clinical application of Chinese medicine as well as discovery of novel therapeutic agents for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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