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Tâlvan CD, Tâlvan ET, Mohor CI, Budișan L, Grecu V, Mihalache M, Zănoagă O, Chira S, Berindan-Neagoe I, Cristea V, Mohor CI. Exploring miRNA Profiles in Colon Cancer: A Focus on miR101-3p, miR106a-5p, and miR326. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2285. [PMID: 38927989 PMCID: PMC11201595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer progression through biomarker profiling are crucial in managing colon cancer patients. Our research aimed to investigate the expression of miR-101-3p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-326 in tumor and adjacent healthy tissues of colon cancer patients and determine their potential diagnostic utility. This study included 40 patients divided into four groups according to the TNM staging classification. MiRNA expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR. The results showed that miR-101-3p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-326 are overexpressed in adjacent healthy tissues but decrease in advanced cancer stages. MiR-106a-5p and miR-326 are strongly correlated with colon cancer severity. These findings suggest that miRNA profiling could be useful for early diagnosis and prognosis in colon cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin-Dan Tâlvan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.-D.T.); (C.I.M.); (M.M.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Elena-Teodora Tâlvan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.-D.T.); (C.I.M.); (M.M.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Călin Ilie Mohor
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.-D.T.); (C.I.M.); (M.M.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Liviuța Budișan
- Research Center for Functional Genomic, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.B.); (O.Z.); (S.C.); (I.B.-N.); (V.C.)
| | - Valentin Grecu
- Faculty of Engineering, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550025 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Manuela Mihalache
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.-D.T.); (C.I.M.); (M.M.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Oana Zănoagă
- Research Center for Functional Genomic, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.B.); (O.Z.); (S.C.); (I.B.-N.); (V.C.)
| | - Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomic, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.B.); (O.Z.); (S.C.); (I.B.-N.); (V.C.)
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomic, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.B.); (O.Z.); (S.C.); (I.B.-N.); (V.C.)
| | - Victor Cristea
- Research Center for Functional Genomic, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.B.); (O.Z.); (S.C.); (I.B.-N.); (V.C.)
| | - Cosmin Ioan Mohor
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania; (C.-D.T.); (C.I.M.); (M.M.); (C.I.M.)
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Ishay Y, Neutel J, Kolben Y, Gelman R, Arbib OS, Lopez O, Katchman H, Mohseni R, Kidron M, Ilan Y. Oral Insulin Alleviates Liver Fibrosis and Reduces Liver Steatosis in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis and Type 2 Diabetes: Results of Phase II Randomized, Placebo-controlled Feasibility Clinical Trial. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2023; 3:417-425. [PMID: 39131144 PMCID: PMC11308786 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis is an advanced form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and a leading cause of end-stage liver disease and transplantation. Insulin resistance and inflammation underlie the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter feasibility clinical trial aimed to determine the safety of oral 8 mg insulin in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were treated twice daily for 12 weeks with an 8 mg insulin (n = 21) or placebo (n = 11) capsule. Safety was monitored throughout the study. MRI-proton density fat fraction assessed liver fat content, and Fibroscan® measured liver fibrosis and steatosis levels at screening and after 12 weeks of treatment. Results No severe drug-related adverse events were reported during the study. After 12 weeks of treatment, mean percent reductions in whole-liver (-11.2% vs -6.5%, respectively) and liver segment 3 (-11.7% vs +0.1%, respectively) fat content was higher in the insulin than in the placebo arm. Patients receiving insulin showed a median -1.2 kPa and -21.0 dB/m reduction from baseline fibrosis and steatosis levels, respectively, while placebo-treated patients showed median increases of 0.3 kPa and 13.0 dB/m, respectively. At Week 12, oral insulin was associated with a mean of 0.27% reduction and placebo with a 0.23% increase from baseline hemoglobin A1c levels. Mean percent changes from baseline alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were -10% and -0.8%, respectively, in the oral insulin and 3.0% and 13.4%, in the placebo arm. Conclusion The results of this feasibility study support the safety and potential therapeutic effect of orally delivered insulin on liver fibrosis, fat accumulation, and inflammatory processes (NIH Clinical Trials No. NCT04618744).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ishay
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joel Neutel
- Orange County Research Center, Tustin, California
| | - Yotam Kolben
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ram Gelman
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Sneh Arbib
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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3
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Abdalla MMI. Serum resistin and the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetic patients. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4271-4288. [PMID: 37545641 PMCID: PMC10401662 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the predominant type of liver cancer, is a major contributor to cancer-related fatalities across the globe. Diabetes has been identified as a significant risk factor for HCC, with recent research indicating that the hormone resistin could be involved in the onset and advancement of HCC in diabetic individuals. Resistin is a hormone that is known to be involved in inflammation and insulin resistance. Patients with HCC have been observed to exhibit increased resistin levels, which could be correlated with more severe disease stages and unfavourable prognoses. Nevertheless, the exact processes through which resistin influences the development and progression of HCC in diabetic patients remain unclear. This article aims to examine the existing literature on the possible use of resistin levels as a biomarker for HCC development and monitoring. Furthermore, it reviews the possible pathways of HCC initiation due to elevated resistin and offers new perspectives on comprehending the fundamental mechanisms of HCC in diabetic patients. Gaining a better understanding of these processes may yield valuable insights into HCC’s development and progression, as well as identify possible avenues for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla
- Department of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chen N, Qiu X, Ruan H, Huang J, Liu S. Effects of late evening snacks on glucose homeostasis in cirrhotic patients: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32805. [PMID: 36800603 PMCID: PMC9936037 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance and hepatogenic diabetes are common complications in patients with liver cirrhosis. Previous studies have shown that reducing the fasting phase by supplying a late evening snack (LES) is a potential intervention to improve substrate utilization and liver function. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further elucidated. The purpose of current meta-analysis is to evaluate effects of LES on glucose homeostasis in cirrhotic patients. METHODS Electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and major scientific conference sessions were searched without language restriction and carried out on March 1, 2022 with an additional manual search of bibliographies of relevant articles. A total of 4145 studies were identified, and 10 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis, comprising 631 patients (319 in the LES group and 312 in the non-LES group). Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the effect of LES on cirrhotic patients with or without diabetes. RESULTS Analysis showed that LES intervention had significant effects in cirrhotic patients for glycemic parameters on fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin respective effect sizes of -8.7, -0.86, and -0.76. Subgroup result revealed that the effect of LES on fasting plasma glucose is higher in cirrhotic patients with diabetes group than cirrhotic patients without diabetes group, and long-term LES supplementation (>2 months) was more beneficial to maintain glucose homeostasis in cirrhotic patients than that of short-term supplementation (<2 months). LES also had significant effect on nutritional metabolic parameters like including albumin and non-protein respiratory quotient. CONCLUSION Meta-analysis indicated that LES not only improved malnutrition in cirrhotic patients with or without diabetes but also maintain glucose homeostasis in cirrhotic patients with diabetes. LES is a promising and simple intervention that beneficial to maintain glucose homeostasis in cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xinze Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Huaqiang Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jiean Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Shiquan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
- * Correspondence: Shiquan Liu, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 166 Daxuedong Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, PR China (e-mail: , )
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5
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Identification of Liver Fibrosis-Related MicroRNAs in Human Primary Hepatic Stellate Cells Using High-Throughput Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122201. [PMID: 36553468 PMCID: PMC9778123 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, which drives liver fibrosis initiation and progression. We aimed to identify novel hepatic fibrosis targets using miRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) of human primary HSCs. Surgically resected liver tissues were used to extract HSCs. Based on next-generation sequencing, miRNA-seq was performed on four pairs of HSCs before and after in vitro culture. Additionally, we compared our data with open access miRNA-seq data derived from fourteen cirrhotic and nine healthy liver tissues. Selected miRNAs associated with fibrosis were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Target mRNAs of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were predicted to construct co-expression networks. We identified 230 DEmiRNAs (118 upregulated and 112 downregulated) upon HSC activation. Of the 17 miRNAs with the most significant differences in expression, liver disease-related miRNAs included miR-758-3p, miR-493-5p, miR-409-3p, miR-31-5p, miR-1268a, and miR-381-3p, which might play roles in hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, let-7g-5p, miR-107, miR-122-5p, miR-127-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-215-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-340-5p, miR-451a, and miR-99a-5p were common between our data and the publicly available sequencing data. A co-expression network comprising 1891 matched miRNA-mRNA pairs representing 138 DEmiRNAs and 1414 DEmRNAs was constructed. MiR-1268a and miR-665, possessing the richest target DEmRNAs, may be vital in HSC activation. The targeted genes were involved in collagen metabolism, extracellular matrix structural constituent, cytoskeletal protein binding, and cell adhesion. The miRNAs we identified may provide a basis and reference for the selection of diagnostic and therapeutic targets for hepatic fibrosis.
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Chen Y, Ma L, Ge Z, Pan Y, Xie L. Key Genes Associated With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:888194. [PMID: 35693550 PMCID: PMC9174783 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.888194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common metabolic and endocrinopathies disorder in women of reproductive age and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. Previous research has indicated potential associations between PCOS and NAFLD, but the underlying pathophysiology is still not clear. The present study aims to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PCOS and NAFLD through the bioinformatics method, and explore the associated molecular mechanisms.Methods: The microarray datasets GSE34526 and GSE63067 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed to obtain the DEGs between PCOS and NAFLD with the GEO2R online tool. Next, the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for the DEGs were performed. Then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the hub genes were identified using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Finally, NetworkAnalyst was used to construct the network between the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs) and the hub genes.Results: A total of 52 genes were identified as DEGs in the above two datasets. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs are mostly enriched in immunity and inflammation related pathways. In addition, nine hub genes, including TREM1, S100A9, FPR1, NCF2, FCER1G, CCR1, S100A12, MMP9, and IL1RN were selected from the PPI network by using the cytoHubba and MCODE plug-in. Then, four miRNAs, including miR-20a-5p, miR-129-2-3p, miR-124-3p, and miR-101-3p, were predicted as possibly the key miRNAs through the miRNA-gene network construction.Conclusion: In summary, we firstly constructed a miRNA-gene regulatory network depicting interactions between the predicted miRNA and the hub genes in NAFLD and PCOS, which provides novel insights into the identification of potential biomarkers and valuable therapeutic leads for PCOS and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Leikai Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhouling Ge
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People’s Hospital), Wenzhou, China
| | - Yizhao Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lubin Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lubin Xie,
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Pathak E, Mishra R. Deciphering the link between Diabetes mellitus and SARS-CoV-2 infection through differential targeting of microRNAs in the human pancreas. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:537-550. [PMID: 34669152 PMCID: PMC8527307 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and Diabetes mellitus affect each other bidirectionally. However, the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection on the incidence of diabetes is unclear. In the SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, host microRNAs (miRNAs) may target the native gene transcripts as well as the viral genomic and subgenomic RNAs. Here, we investigated the role of miRNAs in linking Diabetes to SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human pancreas. METHODS Differential gene expression and disease enrichment analyses were performed on an RNA-Seq dataset of human embryonic stem cell-derived (hESC) mock-infected and SARS-CoV-2-infected pancreatic organoids to obtain the dysregulated Diabetes-associated genes. The miRNA target prediction for the Diabetes-associated gene transcripts and the SARS-CoV-2 RNAs has been made to determine the common miRNAs targeting them. Minimum Free Energy (MFE) analysis was done to identify the miRNAs, preferably targeting SARS-CoV-2 RNAs over the Diabetes-associated gene transcripts. RESULTS The gene expression and disease enrichment analyses of the RNA-Seq data have revealed five biomarker genes, i.e., CP, SOCS3, AGT, PSMB8 and CFB that are associated with Diabetes and get significantly upregulated in the pancreas following SARS-CoV-2-infection. Four miRNAs, i.e., hsa-miR-298, hsa-miR-3925-5p, hsa-miR-4691-3p and hsa-miR-5196-5p, showed preferential targeting of the SARS-CoV-2 genome over the cell's Diabetes-associated messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in the human pancreas. CONCLUSION Our study proposes that the differential targeting of the Diabetes-associated host genes by the miRNAs may lead to diabetic complications or new-onset Diabetes that can worsen the condition of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Mishra
- Bioinformatics, MMV, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Longo M, Fargion S, Fracanzani AL. Genetics, Immunity and Nutrition Boost the Switching from NASH to HCC. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1524. [PMID: 34829753 PMCID: PMC8614742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading contributor to the global burden of chronic liver diseases. The phenotypic umbrella of NAFLD spans from simple and reversible steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may worsen into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notwithstanding, HCC may develop also in the absence of advanced fibrosis, causing a delayed time in diagnosis as a consequence of the lack of HCC screening in these patients. The precise event cascade that may precipitate NASH into HCC is intricate and it entails diverse triggers, encompassing exaggerated immune response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress, organelle derangement and DNA aberrancies. All these events may be accelerated by both genetic and environmental factors. On one side, common and rare inherited variations that affect hepatic lipid remodeling, immune microenvironment and cell survival may boost the switching from steatohepatitis to liver cancer, on the other, diet-induced dysbiosis as well as nutritional and behavioral habits may furtherly precipitate tumor onset. Therefore, dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed to restore patients' health contribute to counteract NASH progression towards HCC. Even more, the combination of therapeutic strategies with dietary advice may maximize benefits, with the pursuit to improve liver function and prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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9
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Gabbia D, Carpi S, Sarcognato S, Cannella L, Colognesi M, Scaffidi M, Polini B, Digiacomo M, Esposito Salsano J, Manera C, Macchia M, Nieri P, Carrara M, Russo FP, Guido M, De Martin S. The Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenol Oleocanthal Exerts Antifibrotic Effects in the Liver. Front Nutr 2021; 8:715183. [PMID: 34671630 PMCID: PMC8521071 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.715183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, which is the outcome of wound-healing response to chronic liver damage, represents an unmet clinical need. This study evaluated the anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of the polyphenol oleocanthal (OC) extracted from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) by an in vitro/in vivo approach. The hepatic cell lines LX2 and HepG2 were used as in vitro models. The mRNA expression of pro-fibrogenic markers, namely alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), a panel of metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP9) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) as well as the pro-oxidant genes NADPH oxidases (NOXs) 1 and 4 were evaluated in TGF-β activated LX2 cells by qRT-PCR. α-SMA and COL1A1 protein expression was assessed by immunofluorescence coupled to confocal microscopy. VEGFA release from LX2 was measured by ELISA. We also evaluated the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by H2O2 activated- HepG2 cells. In vivo, OC was administered daily by oral gavage to Balb/C mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In this model, we measured the mRNA hepatic expression of the three pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL) IL6, IL17, IL23, chemokines such as C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12), and selected miRNAs (miR-181-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-29b-3p and miR-101b-3p) by qRT-PCR. We demonstrated that OC significantly downregulated the gene/protein expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7 and VEGF as well as the oxidative enzymes NOX1 and 4 in TGFβ1-activated LX2 cells, and reduced the production of ROS by HepG2. In vivo OC, beside causing a significant reduction of fibrosis at histological assessment, counteracted the CCl4-induced upregulation of pro-fibrotic and inflammatory genes. Moreover, OC upregulated the anti-fibrotic miRNAs (miR-29b-3p and miR-101b-3p) reduced in fibrotic mice, while downregulated the pro-fibrotic miRNAs (miR-221-3p and miR-181-5p), which were dramatically upregulated in fibrotic mice. In conclusion, OC exerts a promising antifibrotic effect via a combined reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation involving putative miRNAs, which in turn reduces hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luana Cannella
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Colognesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Scaffidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jasmine Esposito Salsano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Wang Y, Feng Y, Zhang H, Niu Q, Liang K, Bian C, Li H. Clinical Value and Role of miR-129-5p in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Horm Metab Res 2021; 53:692-698. [PMID: 34528223 DOI: 10.1055/a-1587-9211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the expression of miR-129-5p in non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) patients and its clinical value and explore its regulatory effect on insulin resistance (IR). A total of 117 NAFLD patients and 110 healthy controls were included. The levels of miR-129-5p were detected by qRT-PCR. To assess the diagnostic value of miR-129-5p for NAFLD, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was established. C57Bl/6 mice were supplied with high-fat diet to establish NAFLD model. Intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) was carried out to evaluate the effect of miR-129-5p on IR in NAFLD animal model. miR-129-5p was highly expressed in the serum of NAFLD patients, and patients with HOMA-IR ≥2.5 had higher level of miR-129-5p than those with HOMA-IR <2.5. miR-129-5p had the ability to differentiate NAFLD patients from healthy individuals and might be associated with the development of IR. Serum miR-129-5p was positively correlated with the levels of HOMA-IR, BMI, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in NAFLD patients. Downregulation of miR-129-5p regulates lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in NAFLD mice model. MiR-129-5p was upregulated in NAFLD patients and might be a potential diagnostic biomarker. The regulatory effect of miR-129-5p on NAFLD may function by regulating lipid accumulation and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Sub-Health Clinic of Physical Examination Center, Beijing Fengtai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Liver Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Niu
- Department of Liver Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Bian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Meroni M, Longo M, Tria G, Dongiovanni P. Genetics Is of the Essence to Face NAFLD. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1359. [PMID: 34680476 PMCID: PMC8533437 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It is closely related to obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia so much so it is considered the hepatic manifestation of the Metabolic Syndrome. The NAFLD spectrum extends from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a clinical condition which may progress up to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD is a complex disease whose pathogenesis is shaped by both environmental and genetic factors. In the last two decades, several heritable modifications in genes influencing hepatic lipid remodeling, and mitochondrial oxidative status have been emerged as predictors of progressive hepatic damage. Among them, the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) p.I148M, the Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) p.E167K and the rs641738 membrane bound-o-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7) polymorphisms are considered the most robust modifiers of NAFLD. However, a forefront frontier in the study of NAFLD heritability is to postulate score-based strategy, building polygenic risk scores (PRS), which aggregate the most relevant genetic determinants of NAFLD and biochemical parameters, with the purpose to foresee patients with greater risk of severe NAFLD, guaranteeing the most highly predictive value, the best diagnostic accuracy and the more precise individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (G.T.)
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (G.T.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Giada Tria
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (G.T.)
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (G.T.)
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12
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Shi CX, Wang Y, Jiao FZ, Chen Q, Cao P, Pei MH, Zhang LY, Guo J, Deng W, Wang LW, Gong ZJ. Epigenetic Regulation of Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Macrophage in Chronic Liver Inflammation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:683526. [PMID: 34276405 PMCID: PMC8281248 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.683526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver inflammation is a complex pathological process under different stress conditions, and the roles of stellate cells and macrophages in chronic liver inflammation have been widely reported. Moderate liver inflammation can protect the liver from damage and facilitate the recovery of liver injury. However, an inflammatory response that is too intense can result in massive death of hepatocytes, which leads to irreversible damage to the liver parenchyma. Epigenetic regulation plays a key part in liver inflammation. This study reviews the regulation of epigenetics on stellate cells and macrophages to explore the new mechanisms of epigenetics on liver inflammation and provide new ideas for the treatment of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Zhou Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mao-Hua Pei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Wen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuo-Jiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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The rs599839 A>G Variant Disentangles Cardiovascular Risk and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in NAFLD Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081783. [PMID: 33917919 PMCID: PMC8068289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dyslipidemia is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the rs599839 variant in the CELSR2-PSRC1-SORT1 genetic cluster, has been associated with a protection against cardiovascular events. Here, we revealed a novel link between the rs599839 variant and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) whose onset in the context of NAFLD is rapidly increasing. We found that the rs599839 variant disentangled the risk of HCC from that of cardiovascular abnormalities by modulating SORT1 and PSRC1 expressions. The latter emerged as a potential modifier of liver carcinogenesis. Abstract Background and Aims: Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are comorbidities of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which ranges from steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The rs599839 A>G variant, in the CELSR2-PSRC1-SORT1 gene cluster, has been associated CVD, but its impact on metabolic traits and on the severity liver damage in NAFLD has not been investigated yet. Methods: We evaluated the effect of the rs599839 variant in 1426 NAFLD patients (Overall cohort) of whom 131 had HCC (NAFLD-HCC), in 500,000 individuals from the UK Biobank Cohort (UKBBC), and in 366 HCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Hepatic PSRC1, SORT1 and CELSR2 expressions were evaluated by RNAseq (n = 125). Results: The rs599839 variant was associated with reduced circulating LDL, carotid intima-media thickness, carotid plaques and hypertension (p < 0.05) in NAFLD patients and with protection against dyslipidemia in UKBBC. The minor G allele was associated with higher risk of HCC, independently of fibrosis severity (odds ratio (OR): 5.62; 95% c.i. 1.77–17.84, p = 0.003), poor prognosis and advanced tumor stage (p < 0.05) in the overall cohort. Hepatic PSRC1, SORT1 and CELSR2 expressions were increased in NAFLD patients carrying the rs599839 variant (p < 0.0001). SORT1 mRNA levels negatively correlated with circulating lipids and with those of genes involved in lipoprotein turnover (p < 0.0001). Conversely, PSRC1 expression was positively related to that of genes implicated in cell proliferation (p < 0.0001). In TCGA, PSRC1 over-expression promoted more aggressive HCC development (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In sum, the rs599839 A>G variant is associated with protection against dyslipidemia and CVD in NAFLD patients, but as one it might promote HCC development by modulating SORT1 and PSRC1 expressions which impact on lipid metabolism and cell proliferation, respectively.
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Zhang J, Huang H. miR-122-5p/KIF5B/AMPK/AKT regulatory network regulates the progression of NAFLD. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:696-707. [PMID: 33594319 PMCID: PMC7868843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease, which may develop into end-stage liver disease and endanger human life. miR-122-5p may be related to the progression of NAFLD disease, but the specific regulation mechanism is still unknown. It is helpful for us to optimize the prevention or treatment strategy of NAFLD. METHODS Real-time PCR was applied to test miR-122-5p and KIF5B in serum, rat liver tissue induced by high fat diet (HFD), and primary hepatocytes exposed to oleic acid ester and palmitate (FFA) of NAFLD patients. The role of miR-122-5p on inflammatory factors (MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-10) and liver injury markers (AST, ALT) in vivo and in vitro was analyzed. RESULTS miR-122-5p and KIF5B were both highly expressed in NAFLD patients' serum, rat liver tissue and primary hepatocytes, while KIF5B was low expressed. miR-122-5p expression enhanced with the increase of HFD feeding time. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay system confirmed that there was a targeting relationship between miR-122-5p and KIF5B, indicating that KIF5B and protein level were evidently up-regulated in primary hepatocytes. Down-regulation of miR-122-5p was helpful to improve the liver weight/body weight ratio (liver index) level of rats, as well as the levels of triglyceride (TG), inflammatory factors and liver injury markers in liver tissues in vivo and in vitro. Phosphorylation of AMPK/AKT pathway-related proteins and fat metabolism-related factors in rat liver tissues and cells in primary hepatocytes were notably reduced, while down-regulation of miR-122-5p was helpful to restore activation of the pathway and increase the level of fat metabolism-related factors. CONCLUSION Decrease of miR-122-5p can target and enhance KIF5B, which can be applied for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Huanjun Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, P. R. China
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15
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Kshirsagar V, Thingore C, Juvekar A. Insulin resistance: a connecting link between Alzheimer's disease and metabolic disorder. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:67-83. [PMID: 32986168 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is closely linked with insulin resistance, as seen in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Insulin signaling is impaired in AD brains due to insulin resistance, ultimately resulting in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). AD and T2DM are connected at molecular, clinical, and epidemiological levels making it imperative to understand the contribution of T2DM, and other metabolic disorders, to AD pathogenesis. In this review, we have discussed various modalities involved in the pathogenesis of these two diseases and explained the contributing parameters. Insulin is vital for maintaining glucose homeostasis and it plays an important role in regulating inflammation. Here, we have discussed the roles of various contributing factors like miRNA, leptin hormone, neuroinflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and gangliosides in insulin impairment both in AD and T2DM. Understanding these mechanisms will be a big step forward for making molecular therapies that may help maintain or prevent both AD and T2DM, thus reducing the burden of both these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viplav Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Near Khalsa college, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Chetan Thingore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Near Khalsa college, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India
| | - Archana Juvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Near Khalsa college, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400019, India.
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16
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Nutrients, Genetic Factors, and Their Interaction in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228761. [PMID: 33228237 PMCID: PMC7699550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries and expose patients to increased risk of hepatic and cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Both environmental factors and genetic predisposition contribute to the risk. An inappropriate diet, rich in refined carbohydrates, especially fructose, and saturated fats, and poor in fibers, polyunsaturated fats, and vitamins is one of the main key factors, as well as the polymorphism of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3 gene) for NAFLD and the apolipoproteins and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family for the cardiovascular damage. Beyond genetic influence, also epigenetics modifications are responsible for various clinical manifestations of both hepatic and CV disease. Interestingly, data are accumulating on the interplay between diet and genetic and epigenetic modifications, modulating pathogenetic pathways in NAFLD and CV disease. We report the main evidence from literature on the influence of both macro and micronutrients in NAFLD and CV damage and the role of genetics either alone or combined with diet in increasing the risk of developing both diseases. Understanding the interaction between metabolic alterations, genetics and diet are essential to treat the diseases and tailoring nutritional therapy to control NAFLD and CV risk.
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17
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Kuchay MS, Choudhary NS, Mishra SK. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MAFLD. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1875-1887. [PMID: 32998095 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pathophysiology underlying metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) involves a multitude of interlinked processes, including insulin resistance (IR) underlying the metabolic syndrome, lipotoxicity attributable to the accumulation of toxic lipid species, infiltration of proinflammatory cells causing hepatic injury and ultimately leading to hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and fibrogenesis. The proximal processes, such as IR, lipid overload and lipotoxicity are relatively well established, but the downstream molecular mechanisms, such as inflammatory processes, hepatocyte lipoapoptosis, and fibrogenesis are incompletely understood. METHODS A literature search was performed with Medline (PubMed), Scopus and Google Scholar electronic databases till June 2020, using relevant keywords (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; metabolic associated fatty liver disease; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; NASH pathogenesis) to extract relevant studies describing pathogenesis of MAFLD/MASH. RESULTS Several studies have reported new concepts underlying pathophysiology of MAFLD. Activation of HSCs is the common final pathway for diverse signals from damaged hepatocytes and proinflammatory cells. Activated HSCs then secrete excess extracellular matrix (ECM) which accumulates and impairs structure and function of the liver. TAZ (a transcriptional regulator), hedgehog (HH) ligands, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), bone morphogenetic protein 8B (BMP8B) and osteopontin play important roles in activating these HSCs. Dysfunctional gut microbiome, dysregulated bile acid metabolism, endogenous alcohol production, and intestinal fructose handling, modify individual susceptibility to MASH. CONCLUSIONS Newer concepts of pathophysiology underlying MASH, such as TAZ/Ihh pathway, extracellular vesicles, microRNA, dysfunctional gut microbiome and intestinal fructose handling present promising targets for the development of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shafi Kuchay
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medanta the Medicity Hospital, Gurugram, 122001, Haryana, India.
| | - Narendra Singh Choudhary
- Institute of Digestive and Hepatobiliary Sciences, Medanta-The Medicity Hospital, Gurugram, 122001, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medanta the Medicity Hospital, Gurugram, 122001, Haryana, India
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18
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Ezhilarasan D. MicroRNA interplay between hepatic stellate cell quiescence and activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173507. [PMID: 32858048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation play a significant role in the progression of hepatic fibrosis. During chronic liver diseases, hepatocytes are damaged severely and secrete several pro-inflammatory markers and profibrogenic cytokines via modulation of a variety of signaling pathways that are responsible for the activation of HSCs. The microRNAs (miRNA or miR) have the potential to modulate fibrogenic signaling pathways in HSCs. A variety of miRNAs are identified as profibrogenic and are capable of activating HSCs by modulating fibrosis-associated signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor-β/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Snail and Notch in the injured liver. On the other hand, HSCs also have certain antifibrotic miRNAs and these include miR-16, miR-19b, miR-29, miR-30, miR-101, miR-122, miR-133a, miR-144, miR-146a, miR-150-5p, miR-155, miR-195, miR-200a, miR-214, miR-335, miR-370, miR-454, miR-483, etc. are responsible for maintenance of the quiescent phenotype of normal HSCs, apoptosis induction and phenotypic reversion of activated HSCs, inhibition of HSCs proliferation, suppression of the extracellular matrix-associated gene expressions, etc. Thus, understanding of HSCs specific miRNAs regulation may provide new ideas for the targeted therapy of hepatic fibrosis at molecular level in the near future. Therefore, this review focusses on the modulation of miRNAs profile during the HSCs activation in the fibrotic liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), No.162, PH Road, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 077, India.
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19
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Rzeszutek I, Singh A. Small RNAs, Big Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5699. [PMID: 32784829 PMCID: PMC7460979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have seen extensive research done to pinpoint the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) that have led to discovering thousands of miRNAs in humans. It is not, therefore, surprising to see many of them implicated in a number of common as well as rare human diseases. In this review article, we summarize the progress in our understanding of miRNA-related research in conjunction with different types of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as their potential in generating more reliable diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Rzeszutek
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aditi Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Meroni M, Longo M, Dongiovanni P. Genetic and metabolic factors: the perfect combination to treat metabolic associated fatty liver disease. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic or more recently re-defined metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is rapidly growing worldwide. It is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation exceeding 5% of liver weight not attributable to alcohol consumption. MAFLD refers to an umbrella of conditions ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis which may finally progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. MAFLD is closely related to components of the metabolic syndrome and to environmental factors. In addition to the latter, genetic predisposition plays a key role in MAFLD pathogenesis and strictly contributes to its progressive forms. The candidate genes which have been related to MAFLD hereditability are mainly involved in lipids remodeling, lipid droplets assembly, lipoprotein packaging and secretion, de novo lipogenesis, and mitochondrial redox status. In the recent years, it has emerged the opportunity to translate the genetics into clinics by aggregating the genetic variants mostly associated with MAFLD in polygenic risk scores. These scores might be used in combination with metabolic factors to identify those patients at higher risk to develop more severe liver disease and to schedule an individual therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
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21
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Rametta R, Meroni M, Dongiovanni P. From Environment to Genome and Back: A Lesson from HFE Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103505. [PMID: 32429125 PMCID: PMC7279025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The environment and the human genome are closely entangled and many genetic variations that occur in human populations are the result of adaptive selection to ancestral environmental (mainly dietary) conditions. However, the selected mutations may become maladaptive when environmental conditions change, thus becoming candidates for diseases. Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a potentially lethal disease leading to iron accumulation mostly due to mutations in the HFE gene. Indeed, homozygosity for the C282Y HFE mutation is associated with the primary iron overload phenotype. However, both penetrance of the C282Y variant and the clinical manifestation of the disease are extremely variable, suggesting that other genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors play a role in the development of HH, as well as, and in its progression to end-stage liver diseases. Alcohol consumption and dietary habits may impact on the phenotypic expression of HFE-related hemochromatosis. Indeed, dietary components and bioactive molecules can affect iron status both directly by modulating its absorption during digestion and indirectly by the epigenetic modification of genes involved in its uptake, storage and recycling. Thus, the premise of this review is to discuss how environmental pressures led to the selection of HFE mutations and whether nutritional and lifestyle interventions may exert beneficial effects on HH outcomes and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Rametta
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.R.); (M.M.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (R.R.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5503-3467; Fax: +39-02-5503-4229
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22
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Meroni M, Longo M, Rustichelli A, Dongiovanni P. Nutrition and Genetics in NAFLD: The Perfect Binomium. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082986. [PMID: 32340286 PMCID: PMC7215858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a global healthcare burden since it is epidemiologically related to obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). It embraces a wide spectrum of hepatic injuries, which include simple steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The susceptibility to develop NAFLD is highly variable and it is influenced by several cues including environmental (i.e., dietary habits and physical activity) and inherited (i.e., genetic/epigenetic) risk factors. Nonetheless, even intestinal microbiota and its by-products play a crucial role in NAFLD pathophysiology. The interaction of dietary exposure with the genome is referred to as 'nutritional genomics,' which encompasses both 'nutrigenetics' and 'nutriepigenomics.' It is focused on revealing the biological mechanisms that entail both the acute and persistent genome-nutrient interactions that influence health and it may represent a promising field of study to improve both clinical and health nutrition practices. Thus, the premise of this review is to discuss the relevance of personalized nutritional advices as a novel therapeutic approach in NAFLD tailored management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (A.R.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (A.R.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Rustichelli
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5503-3467; Fax: +39-02-5503-4229
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Enhanced GIP Secretion in Obesity Is Associated with Biochemical Alteration and miRNA Contribution to the Development of Liver Steatosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020476. [PMID: 32069846 PMCID: PMC7071278 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrient excess enhances glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secretion, which may in turn contribute to the development of liver steatosis. We hypothesized that elevated GIP levels in obesity may affect markers of liver injury through microRNAs. The study involved 128 subjects (body mass index (BMI) 25–40). Fasting and postprandial GIP, glucose, insulin, and lipids, as well as fasting alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), cytokeratin-18, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19, and FGF-21 were determined. TaqMan low density array was used for quantitative analysis of blood microRNAs. Fasting GIP was associated with ALT [β = 0.16 (confidence interval (CI): 0.01–0.32)], triglycerides [β = 0.21 (95% CI: 0.06–0.36], and FGF-21 [β = 0.20 (95%CI: 0.03–0.37)]; and postprandial GIP with GGT [β = 0.17 (95%CI: 0.03–0.32)]. The odds ratio for elevated fatty liver index (>73%) was 2.42 (95%CI: 1.02–5.72) for high GIP versus low GIP patients. The miRNAs profile related to a high GIP plasma level included upregulated miR-136-5p, miR-320a, miR-483-5p, miR-520d-5p, miR-520b, miR-30e-3p, and miR-571. Analysis of the interactions of these microRNAs with gene expression pathways suggests their potential contribution to the regulation of the activity of genes associated with insulin resistance, fatty acids metabolism, and adipocytokines signaling. Exaggerated fasting and postprandial secretion of GIP in obesity are associated with elevated liver damage markers as well as FGF-21 plasma levels. Differentially expressed microRNAs suggest additional, epigenetic factors contributing to the gut–liver cross-talk.
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