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Wang K, Zhao X, Yang S, Qi X, Li A, Yu W. New insights into dairy management and the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: The shift from single nutrient to dairy matrix effects-A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13374. [PMID: 38847750 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Dairy is recognized as a good source of calcium, which is important for preventing osteoporosis. However, the relationship between milk and bone health is more complex than just calcium supplementation. It is unwise to focus solely on observing the effects of a single nutrient. Lactose, proteins, and vitamins in milk, as well as fatty acids, oligosaccharides, and exosomes, all work together with calcium to enhance its bioavailability and utilization efficiency through various mechanisms. We evaluate the roles of dairy nutrients and active ingredients in maintaining bone homeostasis from the perspective of the dairy matrix effects. Special attention is given to threshold effects, synergistic effects, and associations with the gut-bone axis. We also summarize the associations between probiotic/prebiotic milk, low-fat/high-fat milk, lactose-free milk, and fortified milk with a reduced risk of osteoporosis and discuss the potential benefits and controversies of these dairy products. Moreover, we examine the role of dairy products in increasing peak bone mass during adolescence and reducing bone loss in old age. It provides a theoretical reference for the use of dairy products in the accurate prevention and management of osteoporosis and related chronic diseases and offers personalized dietary recommendations for bone health in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Sijia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Aili Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Dairy Processing Technology Research Centre, Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Neofytou IE, Stamou A, Demopoulos A, Roumeliotis S, Zebekakis P, Liakopoulos V, Stamellou E, Dounousi E. Vitamin K for Vascular Calcification in Kidney Patients: Still Alive and Kicking, but Still a Lot to Learn. Nutrients 2024; 16:1798. [PMID: 38931153 PMCID: PMC11206649 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer disproportionately from a high burden of cardiovascular disease, which, despite recent scientific advances, remains partly understood. Vascular calcification (VC) is the result of an ongoing process of misplaced calcium in the inner and medial layers of the arteries, which has emerged as a critical contributor to cardiovascular events in CKD. Beyond its established role in blood clotting and bone health, vitamin K appears crucial in regulating VC via vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs). Among these, the matrix Gla protein (MGP) serves as both a potent inhibitor of VC and a valuable biomarker (in its inactive form) for reflecting circulating vitamin K levels. CKD patients, especially in advanced stages, often present with vitamin K deficiency due to dietary restrictions, medications, and impaired intestinal absorption in the uremic environment. Epidemiological studies confirm a strong association between vitamin K levels, inactive MGP, and increased CVD risk across CKD stages. Based on the promising results of pre-clinical data, an increasing number of clinical trials have investigated the potential benefits of vitamin K supplementation to prevent, delay, or even reverse VC, but the results have remained inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Eleftherios Neofytou
- 2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.E.N.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (V.L.)
| | - Aikaterini Stamou
- 2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.E.N.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (V.L.)
| | - Antonia Demopoulos
- 2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.E.N.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (V.L.)
| | - Stefanos Roumeliotis
- 2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.E.N.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (V.L.)
| | - Pantelis Zebekakis
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- 2nd Department of Nephrology, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.E.N.); (A.S.); (A.D.); (V.L.)
| | - Eleni Stamellou
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.S.); (E.D.)
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.S.); (E.D.)
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Wu Y, Xiang HJ, Yuan M. An L-shaped relationship between dietary vitamin K and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:385-392. [PMID: 38777459 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few studies link vitamin K intake with incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and the specific mechanism remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary vitamin K and ASCVD. METHODS This study used cross-sectional data from people over 20 years old who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2013 and 2018. Vitamin K intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary review. The Patient Medical Conditions Questionnaire was used to assess ASCVD. The stability of the outcomes was evaluated using cubic spline models with restricted parameters and logistic regression, while subgroup analyses were also performed. RESULTS There were 14,465 participants, with 9.78% (1415/14,465) who diagnosed with ASCVD. Compared with individuals with lower vitamin K intake Q1 (≤39.0 ug/day), the adjusted OR values for dietary vitamin K intake and ASCVD in Q2 (39.1-70.8 ug/day), Q3 (70.9-131.0 mg/day), and Q4 (≥131.1 ug/day) were 0.88 (95% CI: 0.74-1.04, p = 0.134), 0.77(95% CI: 0.65-0.93, p = 0.005), and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65-0.95, p = 0.013), respectively. The association between dietary vitamin K intake and ASCVD showed an L-shaped curve (nonlinear, p = 0.006). The OR for ASCVD in participants with vitamin K intake <127.1ug/day was 0.996 (95% CI: 0.993-0.998, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between dietary vitamin K intake and ASCVD was L-shaped curve in US adults, the inflection point was roughly 127.1 ug/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, People's Hospital of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Hong-Ju Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, People's Hospital of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China.
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Zhang T, O’Connor C, Sheridan H, Barlow JW. Vitamin K2 in Health and Disease: A Clinical Perspective. Foods 2024; 13:1646. [PMID: 38890875 PMCID: PMC11172246 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are essential organic compounds that vary widely in chemical structure and are vital in small quantities for numerous biochemical and biological functions. They are critical for metabolism, growth, development and maintaining overall health. Vitamins are categorised into two groups: hydrophilic and lipophilic. Vitamin K (VK), a lipophilic vitamin, occurs naturally in two primary forms: phylloquinone (VK1), found in green leafy vegetables and algae, and Menaquinones (VK2), present in certain fermented and animal foods and widely formulated in VK supplements. This review explores the possible factors contributing to VK deficiency, including dietary influences, and discusses the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of supplementary VK2, examining recent global clinical studies on its role in treating diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. The analysis includes a review of published articles from multiple databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science and CNKI, focusing on human studies. The findings indicate that VK2 is a versatile vitamin essential for human health and that a broadly positive correlation exists between VK2 supplementation and improved health outcomes. However, clinical data are somewhat inconsistent, highlighting the need for further detailed research into VK2's metabolic processes, biomarker validation, dose-response relationships, bioavailability and safety. Establishing a Recommended Daily Intake for VK2 could significantly enhance global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, 7, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland;
- The Trinity Centre for Natural Products Research (NatPro), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Christine O’Connor
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, 7, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Helen Sheridan
- The Trinity Centre for Natural Products Research (NatPro), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland;
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - James W. Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
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Marinescu SC(N, Apetroaei MM, Nedea MI(I, Arsene AL, Velescu BȘ, Hîncu S, Stancu E, Pop AL, Drăgănescu D, Udeanu DI. Dietary Influence on Drug Efficacy: A Comprehensive Review of Ketogenic Diet-Pharmacotherapy Interactions. Nutrients 2024; 16:1213. [PMID: 38674903 PMCID: PMC11054576 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that the ketogenic diet (KD) has positive physiological effects as well as therapeutic benefits, particularly in the treatment of chronic diseases. Maintaining nutritional ketosis is of utmost importance in the KD, as it provides numerous health advantages such as an enhanced lipid profile, heightened insulin sensitivity, decreased blood glucose levels, and the modulation of diverse neurotransmitters. Nevertheless, the integration of the KD with pharmacotherapeutic regimens necessitates careful consideration. Due to changes in their absorption, distribution, metabolism, or elimination, the KD can impact the pharmacokinetics of various medications, including anti-diabetic, anti-epileptic, and cardiovascular drugs. Furthermore, the KD, which is characterised by the intake of meals rich in fats, has the potential to impact the pharmacokinetics of specific medications with high lipophilicity, hence enhancing their absorption and bioavailability. However, the pharmacodynamic aspects of the KD, in conjunction with various pharmaceutical interventions, can provide either advantageous or detrimental synergistic outcomes. Therefore, it is important to consider the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions that may arise between the KD and various drugs. This assessment is essential not only for ensuring patients' compliance with treatment but also for optimising the overall therapeutic outcome, particularly by mitigating adverse reactions. This highlights the significance and necessity of tailoring pharmacological and dietetic therapies in order to enhance the effectiveness and safety of this comprehensive approach to managing chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cristina (Nicolescu) Marinescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania (A.L.A.); (B.Ș.V.); (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.P.); (D.D.); (D.I.U.)
- Amethyst Radiotherapy Center, 42, Drumul Odăi, 075100 Otopeni, Romania
| | - Miruna-Maria Apetroaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania (A.L.A.); (B.Ș.V.); (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.P.); (D.D.); (D.I.U.)
| | - Marina Ionela (Ilie) Nedea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania (A.L.A.); (B.Ș.V.); (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.P.); (D.D.); (D.I.U.)
| | - Andreea Letiția Arsene
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania (A.L.A.); (B.Ș.V.); (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.P.); (D.D.); (D.I.U.)
- Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumophthiology, 90, Viilor Street, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bruno Ștefan Velescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania (A.L.A.); (B.Ș.V.); (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.P.); (D.D.); (D.I.U.)
| | - Sorina Hîncu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania (A.L.A.); (B.Ș.V.); (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.P.); (D.D.); (D.I.U.)
- Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258, Fundeni Street, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Emilia Stancu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania (A.L.A.); (B.Ș.V.); (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.P.); (D.D.); (D.I.U.)
| | - Anca Lucia Pop
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania (A.L.A.); (B.Ș.V.); (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.P.); (D.D.); (D.I.U.)
| | - Doina Drăgănescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania (A.L.A.); (B.Ș.V.); (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.P.); (D.D.); (D.I.U.)
| | - Denisa Ioana Udeanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6, Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania (A.L.A.); (B.Ș.V.); (S.H.); (E.S.); (A.L.P.); (D.D.); (D.I.U.)
- Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumophthiology, 90, Viilor Street, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
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Staudinger JL, Mahroke A, Patel G, Dattel C, Reddy S. Pregnane X Receptor Signaling Pathway and Vitamin K: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance in Human Health. Cells 2024; 13:681. [PMID: 38667296 PMCID: PMC11049418 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the likely clinical impact of Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation by vitamin K on human health. PXR, initially recognized as a master regulator of xenobiotic metabolism in liver, emerges as a key regulator influencing intestinal homeostasis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy. The activation of PXR by vitamin K highlights its role as a potent endogenous and local agonist with diverse clinical implications. Recent research suggests that the vitamin K-mediated activation of PXR highlights this vitamin's potential in addressing pathophysiological conditions by promoting hepatic detoxification, fortifying gut barrier integrity, and controlling pro-inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. PXR activation by vitamin K provides an intricate association with cancer cell survival, particularly in colorectal and liver cancers, to provide new insights into potential novel therapeutic strategies. Understanding the clinical implications of PXR activation by vitamin K bridges molecular mechanisms with health outcomes, further offering personalized therapeutic approaches for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff L. Staudinger
- Division of Basic Sciences, Farber-McIntire Campus, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Joplin Campus, 2901 St Johns Blvd, Joplin, MO 64804, USA (C.D.); (S.R.)
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Pinto E, Viegas C, Martins PV, Marreiros C, Nascimento T, Schurgers L, Simes D. Mediterranean Diet Favors Vitamin K Intake: A Descriptive Study in a Mediterranean Population. Nutrients 2024; 16:1098. [PMID: 38674788 PMCID: PMC11054598 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with improved longevity and the prevention and management of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs). Vitamin K, which is present in MD core components such as leafy green vegetables, is also known as a protective factor for CIDs. Estimates of vitamin K intake in Mediterranean settings are still scarce, and the association between MD and vitamin K intake is yet to be established. This study analyzed vitamin K intake and MD adherence in the Algarve region, in Portugal. We conducted a cross-sectional study in a nonrandom sample of adults using an online questionnaire which included a validated food-frequency questionnaire and a screener for MD adherence. A total of 238 participants were recruited (68% women and 32% men). Adherence to the MD was low (11%). Only 10% of the participants had vitamin K intake below the adequate intake. Adherence to the MD was positively correlated with vitamin K intake (r = 0.463; p < 0.001) and age (r = 0.223; p < 0.001). Our findings underscore the importance of promoting adherence to the MD for optimal vitamin K intake, and future research should focus on developing effective interventions to promote this dietary pattern, particularly among younger individuals and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Pinto
- Centro de Estudos e Desenvolvimento em Saúde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (E.P.); (T.N.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Carla Viegas
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.M.)
- GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Paula Ventura Martins
- Algarve Cyber-Physical Systems Research Centre (CISCA), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Catarina Marreiros
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Tânia Nascimento
- Centro de Estudos e Desenvolvimento em Saúde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (E.P.); (T.N.)
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Dina Simes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (C.V.); (C.M.)
- GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Hwang SB, Choi MJ, Lee HJ, Han JJ. Safety evaluation of vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) via toxicological tests. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5440. [PMID: 38443482 PMCID: PMC10914784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the safety of MK-7 produced by fermentation process using a Bacillus subtilis var. natto strain for human ingestion via acute oral toxicity, repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity, 28-day recovery test, and genotoxicity tests. The acute oral toxicity test results indicated that all subjects survived at the dose of 5000 mg/kg with no toxic effects. For the repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity test, MK-7 was administered to rats at 500, 1500, and 4500 mg/kg for 90 d. No abnormal findings were detected in clinical observations or in clinical pathological and histopathological examinations. The no-observed-adverse-effect level(NOAEL) was determined to be 4500 mg/kg/d, the maximum dose tested. For the evaluation of genotoxicity, reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration, and micronucleus tests were performed. In the reversion mutation test, vitamin K2 did not induce reversion in bacterial strains, and no chromosomal abnormality was observed in the chromosomal abnormality test using Chinese hamster lung cells. In the micronucleus test, micronuclei were not induced using ICR mouse bone marrow cells. All the toxicity test results suggest that vitamin K2 produced by fermentation processes using Bacillus subtilis var. natto induced no toxicological changes under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Bong Hwang
- Department of Quality, GF Fermentech, Inc., Sejong, 30077, South Korea
| | - Min-Ju Choi
- Department of Quality, GF Fermentech, Inc., Sejong, 30077, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Quality, GF Fermentech, Inc., Sejong, 30077, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Jun Han
- GF Fermentech, Inc., R&D Institute, Daejon, South Korea.
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9
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Chen A, Li J, Shen N, Huang H, Hang Q. Vitamin K: New insights related to senescence and cancer metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189057. [PMID: 38158025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Several clinical trials and experimental studies have recently shown that vitamin K (VK) supplementation benefits the human body. Specifically, VK participates in coagulation and is associated with cellular senescence and cancer. VK has a potential anticancer effect in various cancers, such as pancreatic and prostate cancers. Through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, VK can prevent senescence and inhibit cancer metastasis. Therefore, cancer prognosis can be improved by preventing cellular senescence. In addition, VK can inhibit the proliferation, growth, and differentiation of cancer cells through various mechanisms, including induction of c-myc and c-fos genes, regulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and p21 genes, and angiogenesis inhibition. This review aims to discuss the relationship among VK, cellular senescence, and cancer metastasis and thus may improve comprehension of the specific functions of VK in human health. The potential application of VK as an adjuvant therapy for cancer (or in combination with traditional chemotherapy drugs or other vitamins) has also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Chen
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Jialu Li
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Nianxuan Shen
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng 224006, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng 224006, China.
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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Atia MM, Mahmoud HAA, Wilson M, Abd-Allah EA. A comprehensive survey of warfarin-induced hepatic toxicity using histopathological, biomarker, and molecular evaluation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26484. [PMID: 38440292 PMCID: PMC10909775 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Warfarin finds human application as anticoagulant therapy. Warfarin usage can cause liver damage and hemorrhage. Besides functioning as anticoagulant and causing continuous bleeding of pests, the mechanism of toxicity of warfarin is unknown. In this study, Wild female and male rats were administrated orally with warfarin for 18 days at 9, 18, 27.5, and 55 mg/kg, respectively. Hepatoxicity was determined by assessing, LD50, leukocyte counts, immunochemistry, histopathology, serum proteins, Western blotting, especially of markers of liver injury, such as AST, ALT & ALP, and markers of antioxidant and oxidative stress markers. Warfarin treatment decreased Nrf2 levels while it increased caspase 3, CYP2C9, COLL1A1. It caused cellular damage and fibrosis of liver. The plasma levels of markers of liver injury, AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin and transferrin were increased. The plasma levels of albumin, IgG and antitrypsin were decreased. Warfarin treatment decreased RBC and total lymphocyte count while increasing selectively neutrophils. Warfarin exposure caused increased oxidative stress; increased LPO and decreased GSH, SOD, CAT and NO production. Oral exposure of rats with Warfarin leads to increased oxidative stress resulting into liver damage via CYP2C9 mediated by Nrf2 depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M. Atia
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Heba Allah Ahmed Mahmoud
- Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agriculture Research Center, Animal Pests Department, Egypt
| | - Magdy Wilson
- Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Agriculture Research Center, Animal Pests Department, Egypt
| | - Elham A. Abd-Allah
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, EL-kharga, Egypt
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Mrštná K, Matoušová K, Krčmová LK, Carazo A, Pourová J, Mladěnka P, Matysová L, Švec F. Analysis of vitamin K 1 and major K 2 variants in rat/human serum and lipoprotein fractions by a rapid, simple, and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1714:464548. [PMID: 38043166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the various forms of vitamin K, which are involved in coagulation and other physiological processes in humans, is challenging and no standardized method is yet available. Therefore, a reliable and practical method was developed to quantify vitamin K levels in serum and additionally in lipoprotein fractions to clarify its distribution. The LC-MS/MS method for the determination of vitamin K1 and the three main isoforms of vitamin K2 (MK-4, MK-7, MK-9) was combined with a gradient ultracentrifugation technique to allow the separation of lipoprotein fractions. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Kinetex™ C18 column using a mobile phase consisting mainly of methanol. The target analytes were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The separation of all four substances was achieved after a simple sample preparation technique based on miniaturized liquid-liquid extraction. Our method of only 8.5 min revealed the levels of the major forms of vitamin K in 59 human and 12 rat sera and confirmed our hypothesis that vitamin K is primarily (about 50 %) found in the high-density lipoprotein fraction. The median concentrations of vitamin K1, MK-4, MK-7, and MK-9 were found to be 1.19, 2.98, 0.43, and < 0.71 nmol/L in human serum and 1.74, 6.75, less than 0.2, and less than 0.5 nmol/L in rat serum, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Mrštná
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pourová
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Matysová
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Švec
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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12
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Liu L, Shen Q, Bao Y, Xu F, Zhang D, Huang H, Tu L, Xu Y. Association between dietary intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: cross-sectional analysis of survey data from NHANES 2007-2016. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1278128. [PMID: 38192644 PMCID: PMC10773772 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1278128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background While dietary factors have shown an association with Parkinson's disease (PD), the available data remains a subject of ongoing debate and controversy. Aim We sought to evaluate potential relationships between dietary consumption of nutrients and micronutrients and risk of PD in a large sample. Methods Cross-sectional data were retrospectively analyzed for 10,651 adults aged 40-80 years that had been collected in the US between 2007 and 2016 as a component of the nationwide National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Aspects of dietary intake were compared between those who reported having specific PD medication regimens or not when they completed the survey, and potential associations between diet and risk of PD were explored using binomial logistic regression. We employed Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to minimize the impact of potential confounding factors, thus enhancing the reliability of the results. Additionally, subgroup analysis based on gender and age was conducted to investigate these relationships. Results Higher dietary intake of iron was linked to greater PD risk [odds ratio (OR) 1.065, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.019-1.114, p = 0.006], whereas risk decreased with higher intake of vitamin K (OR 0.999, 95% CI 0.998-1.000, p = 0.024) or vitamin C (OR 0.998, 95% CI 0.996-0.999, p = 0.039). Even after applying PSM, the connection between dietary iron intake and dietary vitamin C intake with PD risk remained substantial. Subgroup analysis results revealed a significant positive association between dietary intake of iron from food and the PD risk, which was evident among individuals under 60 years of age and among males. Conclusion The intake of micronutrients can influence risk of PD, which should be verified and explored further in prospective samples with other dietary habits and ethnic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanming Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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13
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Vo HVT, Nguyen YT, Kim N, Lee HJ. Vitamin A, D, E, and K as Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9 Regulators That Affect Expression and Enzymatic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17038. [PMID: 38069361 PMCID: PMC10707015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, and K) assume a pivotal role in maintaining human homeostasis by virtue of their enzymatic functions. The daily inclusion of these vitamins is imperative to the upkeep of various physiological processes including vision, bone health, immunity, and protection against oxidative stress. Current research highlights fat-soluble vitamins as potential therapeutics for human diseases, especially cancer. Fat-soluble vitamins exert their therapeutic effects through multiple pathways, including regulation of matrix metalloproteinases' (MMPs) expression and enzymatic activity. As MMPs have been reported to be involved in the pathology of various diseases, such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders, regulating the expression and/or activity of MMPs could be considered as a potent therapeutic strategy. Here, we summarize the properties of fat-soluble vitamins and their potential as promising candidates capable of effectively modulating MMPs through multiple pathways to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Vy Thi Vo
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yen Thi Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Namdoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea;
- Kongju National University Institute of Science Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
- Kongju National University’s Physical Fitness for Health Research Lab (KNUPFHR), Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea
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14
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Wang Y, Yang W, Liu L, Liu L, Chen J, Duan L, Li Y, Li S. Vitamin K2 (MK-7) attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294763. [PMID: 38011192 PMCID: PMC10681318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening disease that has received considerable critical attention in the field of intensive care. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of vitamin K2 (VK2) in ALI. Intraperitoneal injection of 7 mg/kg LPS was used to induce ALI in mice, and VK2 injection was intragastrically administered with the dose of 0.2 and 15 mg/kg. We found that VK2 improved the pulmonary pathology, reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and boosted the level of IL-10 of mice with ALI. Moreover, VK2 played a significant part in apoptosis by downregulating and upregulating Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expressions, respectively. As for further mechanism exploration, we found that VK2 inhibited P38 MAPK signaling. Our results also showed that VK2 inhibited ferroptosis, which manifested by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron levels, increasing glutathione (GSH) level, and upregulated and downregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions, respectively. In addition, VK2 also inhibited elastin degradation by reducing levels of uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (uc-MGP) and desmosine (DES). Overall, VK2 robustly alleviated ALI by inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and elastin degradation, making it a potential novel therapeutic candidate for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Lili Duan
- Sungen Bioscience Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyuan Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuzhuang Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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15
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Martini N, Streckwall L, McCarthy AD. Osteoporosis and vascular calcifications. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e230305. [PMID: 37698112 PMCID: PMC10563638 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
In post-menopausal women, aged individuals, and patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic renal disease, bone mineral density (BMD) decreases while the vasculature accumulates arterial calcifications (ACs). AC can be found in the tunica intima and/or in the tunica media. Prospective studies have shown that patients with initially low BMD and/or the presence of fragility fractures have at follow-up a significantly increased risk for coronary and cerebrovascular events and for overall cardiovascular mortality. Similarly, patients presenting with abdominal aorta calcifications (an easily quantifiable marker of vascular pathology) show a significant decrease in the BMD (and an increase in the fragility) of bones irrigated by branches of the abdominal aorta, such as the hip and lumbar spine. AC induction is an ectopic tissue biomineralization process promoted by osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells as well as by local and systemic secreted factors. In many cases, the same regulatory molecules modulate bone metabolism but in reverse. Investigation of animal and in vitro models has identified several potential mechanisms for this reciprocal bone-vascular regulation, such as vitamin K and D sufficiency, advanced glycation end-products-RAGE interaction, osteoprotegerin/RANKL/RANK, Fetuin A, oestrogen deficiency and phytooestrogen supplementation, microbiota and its relation to diet, among others. Complete elucidation of these potential mechanisms, as well as their clinical validation via controlled studies, will provide a basis for pharmacological intervention that could simultaneously promote bone and vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Martini
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM-UNLP-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucas Streckwall
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM-UNLP-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Antonio Desmond McCarthy
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Osteopatías y Metabolismo Mineral (LIOMM-UNLP-CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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16
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Song L, Zhang S. Anti-Aging Activity and Modes of Action of Compounds from Natural Food Sources. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1600. [PMID: 38002283 PMCID: PMC10669485 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural and inescapable phenomenon characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological functions, leading to increased vulnerability to chronic diseases and death. With economic and medical development, the elderly population is gradually increasing, which poses a great burden to society, the economy and the medical field. Thus, healthy aging has now become a common aspiration among people over the world. Accumulating evidence indicates that substances that can mediate the deteriorated physiological processes are highly likely to have the potential to prolong lifespan and improve aging-associated diseases. Foods from natural sources are full of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, sterols, terpenoids and vitamins. These bioactive compounds and their derivatives have been shown to be able to delay aging and/or improve aging-associated diseases, thereby prolonging lifespan, via regulation of various physiological processes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the anti-aging activities of the compounds, polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, sterols, terpenoids and vitamins from natural food sources, and their modes of action in delaying aging and improving aging-associated diseases. This will certainly provide a reference for further research on the anti-aging effects of bioactive compounds from natural food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Zhangjiakou, College of Lab Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China;
| | - Shicui Zhang
- College of Life and Geographic Sciences, Kashi University, Kashi 844000, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau, Kashi 844000, China
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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17
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Nagakubo D, Kaibori Y. Oral Microbiota: The Influences and Interactions of Saliva, IgA, and Dietary Factors in Health and Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2307. [PMID: 37764151 PMCID: PMC10535076 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in metagenomic analyses have made it easier to analyze microbiota. The microbiota, a symbiotic community of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses within a specific environment in tissues such as the digestive tract and skin, has a complex relationship with the host. Recent studies have revealed that microbiota composition and balance particularly affect the health of the host and the onset of disease. Influences such as diet, food preferences, and sanitation play crucial roles in microbiota composition. The oral cavity is where the digestive tract directly communicates with the outside. Stable temperature and humidity provide optimal growth environments for many bacteria. However, the oral cavity is a unique environment that is susceptible to pH changes, salinity, food nutrients, and external pathogens. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the oral microbiota, as changes in bacterial composition and balance could contribute to the development of systemic diseases. This review focuses on saliva, IgA, and fermented foods because they play critical roles in maintaining the oral bacterial environment by regulating its composition and balance. More attention should be paid to the oral microbiota and its regulatory factors in oral and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nagakubo
- Division of Health and Hygienic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 7-2-1 Kamiohno, Himeji 670-8524, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kaibori
- Division of Health and Hygienic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 7-2-1 Kamiohno, Himeji 670-8524, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory of Analytics for Biomolecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata-shi 573-0101, Osaka, Japan;
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18
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Paprotny Ł, Szewczak D, Bryshten I, Wianowska D. Development, Validation, and Two-Year Application of Rapid and Simple LC-MS/MS-Based Method for the Determination of K2MK-7 in Blood Samples. Molecules 2023; 28:6523. [PMID: 37764299 PMCID: PMC10535264 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological properties of menaquinone-7, one of the vitamin K2 vitamers (K2MK-7), both those proven and those that remain to be investigated, arouse extensive interest that goes beyond the strictly scientific framework. The most important of them is the prevention of age-related diseases, considering that we live in the times identified as the era of aging societies and many people are exposed to the vitamin K2MK-7 deficiency. Therefore, an effective analytical protocol that can be adopted as a diagnostic and preventive analytics tool is needed. Herein, a simple sample preparation method followed by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based method (LC-MS/MS), was used for the selective and sensitive determination of K2MK-7 in serum samples. Under the optimized conditions, using 500 µL of serum and the same amount of n-hexane, the reproducibility and the accuracy were obtained in the ranges of 89-97% and 86-110%, respectively, and the limit of detection value was 0.01 ng/mL. This method was used for the routine analysis. Statistical interpretation of the data from 518 samples obtained during 2 years of practice allowed for obtaining information on the content and distribution of K2MK-7 in the Polish population, broken down by the sex and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Paprotny
- ALAB Laboratories, Research and Development Centre, ul. Ceramiczna 1, 20-150 Lublin, Poland (D.S.)
| | - Dorota Szewczak
- ALAB Laboratories, Research and Development Centre, ul. Ceramiczna 1, 20-150 Lublin, Poland (D.S.)
| | - Iryna Bryshten
- Department of Chromatography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Pl. Maria Curie-Skłodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Wianowska
- Department of Chromatography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Pl. Maria Curie-Skłodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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19
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Pinto E, Viegas C, Martins PV, Nascimento T, Schurgers L, Simes D. New Food Frequency Questionnaire to Estimate Vitamin K Intake in a Mediterranean Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:3012. [PMID: 37447338 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K is a multifunctional micronutrient essential for human health, and deficiency has been linked to multiple pathological conditions. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a new food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate total vitamin K intake, over the course of a 30-day interval, in a Portuguese, Mediterranean-based, population. We conducted a prospective study in a non-random sample of 38 healthy adult volunteers. The FFQ was designed based on a validated Portuguese FFQ used in nationally representative studies and on literature reviews, to include foods containing ≥5 μg of vitamin K/100 g and foods with a lower vitamin K content, yet commonly included in a Mediterranean diet. Vitamin K intake was estimated from 24 h recalls and six days of food records. The final FFQ included 54 food items which, according to regression analyses, explains 90% of vitamin K intake. Mean differences in vitamin K intake based on food records (80 ± 47.7 μg/day) and on FFQ (96.5 ± 64.3 μg/day) were statistically non-significant. Further, we found a strong correlation between both methods (r = 0.7; p = 0.003). Our results suggest that our new FFQ is a valid instrument to assess the last 30 days of vitamin K intake in the Portuguese Mediterranean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Pinto
- Centro de Estudos e Desenvolvimento em Saúde, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Carla Viegas
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Paula Ventura Martins
- Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-Being, CinTurs, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Nascimento
- Centro de Estudos e Desenvolvimento em Saúde, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Simes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- GenoGla Diagnostics, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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20
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Dai L, Mafra D, Shiels PG, Hackeng TM, Stenvinkel P, Schurgers LJ. Vitamin K and Hallmarks of Ageing: Focus on Diet and Gut Microbiome. Nutrients 2023; 15:2727. [PMID: 37375631 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent proteins have been reported to be associated with a large spectrum of age-related diseases. While most of these associations have been deduced from observational studies, solid evidence for the direct impact of vitamin K on cellular senescence remains to be proven. As vitamin K status reflects the complexity of interactions between dietary intake, gut microbiome activity and health, we will demonstrate the pivotal role of the diet-microbiome-health axis in human ageing and exemplify how vitamin K is implicated therein. We propose that food quality (i.e., food pattern) should be highlighted beyond the quantity of total vitamin K intake. Instead of focusing on a single nutrient, exploring a healthy diet containing vitamin K may be more strategic. As such, healthy eating patterns can be used to make dietary recommendations for the public. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary vitamin K is a modulator of the diet-microbiome-health axis, and this needs to be incorporated into the investigation of the impact of vitamin K on gut microbial composition and metabolic activities, along with host health outcomes. In addition, we highlight several critical caveats that need to be acknowledged regarding the interplay between diet, vitamin K, gut microbiome and host health that is pivotal for elucidating the role of vitamin K in ageing and responding to the urgent call of healthy eating concerning public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dai
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Division of Renal Medicine, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Clinical Science, Division of Renal Medicine, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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21
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Rehman A, Pham V, Seifert N, Richard N, Sybesma W, Steinert RE. The Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid, and Vitamin K 1 Modulate the Gut Microbiome: A Study Using an In Vitro Shime Model. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:135-153. [PMID: 37078491 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2198007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamins exert multiple beneficial effects on host health, some of which may be mediated through the gut microbiome. We investigated the prebiotic potential of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lipid-soluble phylloquinone (vitamin K1), each at 0.2x, 1x and 5x using the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME®) to exclude in vivo systemic effects and host-microbe interactions.Microbial community composition and, diversity [shotgun metagenomic sequencing] and microbial activity [pH, gas pressure, and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)] were measured over a period of 48 h. Fermentations supernatants were used to investigate the effect on gut barrier integrity using a Caco-2/goblet cell co-culture model.We found that EPA, DHA and vitamin K1 increased alpha-diversity at 24 h when compared with control. Moreover, there was an effect on beta-diversity with changes in gut microbial composition, such as an increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and a consistent increase in Veillonella and Dialister abundances with all treatments. DHA, EPA, and vitamin K1 also modulated metabolic activity of the gut microbiome by increasing total SCFAs which was related mainly to an increase in propionate (highest with EPA and vitamin K1 at 0.2x). Finally, we found that EPA and DHA increased gut barrier integrity with DHA at 1x and EPA at 5x (p < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, our in vitro data further establish a role of PUFAs and vitamin K to modulate the gut microbiome with effects on the production of SCFAs and barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateequr Rehman
- Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Van Pham
- Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Seifert
- Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Richard
- Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wilbert Sybesma
- Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert E Steinert
- Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Mong MA. Vitamin K and the Visual System-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081948. [PMID: 37111170 PMCID: PMC10143727 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K occupies a unique and often obscured place among its fellow fat-soluble vitamins. Evidence is mounting, however, that vitamin K (VK) may play an important role in the visual system apart from the hepatic carboxylation of hemostatic-related proteins. However, to our knowledge, no review covering the topic has appeared in the medical literature. Recent studies have confirmed that matrix Gla protein (MGP), a vitamin K-dependent protein (VKDP), is essential for the regulation of intraocular pressure in mice. The PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study, a randomized trial involving 5860 adults at risk for cardiovascular disease, demonstrated a 29% reduction in the risk of cataract surgery in participants with the highest tertile of dietary vitamin K1 (PK) intake compared with those with the lowest tertile. However, the specific requirements of the eye and visual system (EVS) for VK, and what might constitute an optimized VK status, is currently unknown and largely unexplored. It is, therefore, the intention of this narrative review to provide an introduction concerning VK and the visual system, review ocular VK biology, and provide some historical context for recent discoveries. Potential opportunities and gaps in current research efforts will be touched upon in the hope of raising awareness and encouraging continued VK-related investigations in this important and highly specialized sensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Mong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Veteran Affairs North Texas Health Care Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
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23
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Vernia F, Burrelli Scotti G, Bertetti NS, Donato G, Necozione S, Vernia P, Pallotta N. Low Vitamin K and Vitamin D Dietary Intake in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071678. [PMID: 37049518 PMCID: PMC10096607 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The inadequate dietary intake of Vitamin D and Vitamin K is an easily reversible factor favoring IBD-associated bone loss, but data on Vitamin K are lacking. A 28-item quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to 193 IBD patients (89 Crohn’s disease and 104 ulcerative colitis), and 199 controls. Patients’ demographics, clinical and laboratory findings were analyzed in relation to recommended daily allowances. VitD intake was inadequate both in the IBD and control patients (8.3 ± 4.5 µg/day in IBD, 53.1% RDA, and 9.7 ± 5.9 µg/day, 63.2% RDA, respectively). Conversely, the mean ViK intake was less than adequate in IBD, at 116.7 ± 116.3 µg/day (78.7% RDA), and high in controls, at 203.1 ± 166.9 µg/day (138.8% RDA). Nonetheless, due to marked inter-individual differences, diets were severely lacking VitK in 40% of UC and 49% of CD patients, more so in females and those with active disease. The intake of Vit D was non-significantly lower in colitis than that in Crohn’s disease (7.9 vs. 8.7 µg/day). The opposite was observed for VitK (123.5 vs. 107.0 µg/day). Thus, the diet lacks the micronutrients involved in bone wellbeing in a large proportion of IBD patients. While VitD supplementation is the rule, VitK shortages need proactive nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vernia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0862-368760
| | - Giorgia Burrelli Scotti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Noemi Sara Bertetti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Necozione
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Piero Vernia
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nadia Pallotta
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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24
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Nakazawa T, Yamazaki S, Uchida M, Suzuki T, Nakamura T, Ohtsuka M, Ishii I. Relationship between elevated bilirubin levels and enhanced warfarin effects during biliary obstruction. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 79:437-443. [PMID: 36723758 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-023-03459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A marked prolongation of the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) is frequently observed during biliary obstruction in patients using warfarin. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with PT-INR prolongation during biliary obstruction in patients using warfarin. METHODS Among 44 patients using warfarin who had biliary obstruction, we retrospectively investigated warfarin doses and laboratory data before and during biliary obstruction. The primary outcome was the association between changes in PT-INR (ΔPT-INR) and changes in laboratory data before and during biliary obstruction. RESULTS Median PT-INR was 1.59 (IQR 1.38-1.95) before biliary obstruction and 2.27 (IQR 1.60-3.49) during biliary obstruction, indicating significant prolongation during the obstruction (P < 0.001). ΔPT-INR showed strong positive correlations with change in total bilirubin (ΔT-Bil; ρ = 0.692, P < 0.001) and change in conjugated bilirubin (ΔC-Bil; ρ = 0.731, P < 0.001). ΔPT-INR showed a weak negative correlation with the change in albumin (ΔAlb; ρ = -0.371, P < 0.05). When ΔPT-INR was used as the dependent variable in multiple linear regression analysis, ΔT-Bil, ΔC-Bil, and ΔAlb were significantly associated with ΔPT-INR. CONCLUSIONS PT-INR was prolonged during biliary obstruction in patients using warfarin, and changes in bilirubin levels were associated with ΔPT-INR. If biliary obstruction with markedly elevated bilirubin levels occurs, measuring PT-INR could lead to safer warfarin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Nakazawa
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamazaki
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Masashi Uchida
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan. .,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Takako Nakamura
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Itsuko Ishii
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
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25
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A genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen identifies FSP1 as the warfarin-resistant vitamin K reductase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:828. [PMID: 36788244 PMCID: PMC9929328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K is a vital micronutrient implicated in a variety of human diseases. Warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist, is the most commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant. Patients overdosed on warfarin can be rescued by administering high doses of vitamin K because of the existence of a warfarin-resistant vitamin K reductase. Despite the functional discovery of vitamin K reductase over eight decades ago, its identity remained elusive. Here, we report the identification of warfarin-resistant vitamin K reductase using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen with a vitamin K-dependent apoptotic reporter cell line. We find that ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), a ubiquinone oxidoreductase, is the enzyme responsible for vitamin K reduction in a warfarin-resistant manner, consistent with a recent discovery by Mishima et al. FSP1 inhibitor that inhibited ubiquinone reduction and thus triggered cancer cell ferroptosis, displays strong inhibition of vitamin K-dependent carboxylation. Intriguingly, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, another ubiquinone-associated ferroptosis suppressor protein parallel to the function of FSP1, does not support vitamin K-dependent carboxylation. These findings provide new insights into selectively controlling the physiological and pathological processes involving electron transfers mediated by vitamin K and ubiquinone.
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26
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Ameliorating Effects of Vitamin K2 on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032986. [PMID: 36769323 PMCID: PMC9917520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory illness of the gastrointestinal system. The purpose of this study was to explore the alleviating effect of vitamin K2 (VK2) on UC, as well as its mechanism. C57BL/6J mice were given 3% DSS for seven days to establish UC, and they then received VK2 (15, 30, or 60 mg/kg·bw) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (100 mg/kg·bw) for two weeks. We recorded the clinical signs, body weights, colon lengths, and histological changes during the experiment. We detected the inflammatory factor expressions using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, and we detected the tight junction proteins using Western blotting. We analyzed the intestinal microbiota alterations and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) using 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted metabolomics. According to the results, VK2 restored the colon lengths, improved the colonic histopathology, reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6), and boosted the level of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 in the colon tissues of the colitis mice. Moreover, VK2 promoted the expression of mucin and tight junction proteins (such as occludin and zonula occludens-1) in order to preserve the intestinal mucosal barrier function and prevent UC in mice. Additionally, after the VK2 intervention, the SCFAs and SCFA-producing genera, such as Eubacterium_ruminantium_group and Faecalibaculum, were elevated in the colon. In conclusion, VK2 alleviated the DSS-induced colitis in the mice, perhaps by boosting the dominant intestinal microflora, such as Faecalibaculum, by reducing intestinal microflora dysbiosis, and by modulating the expression of SCFAs, inflammatory factors, and intestinal barrier proteins.
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27
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Shrivastava AK, Sahu PK, Cecchi T, Shrestha L, Shah SK, Gupta A, Palikhey A, Joshi B, Gupta PP, Upadhyaya J, Paudel M, Koirala N. An emerging natural antioxidant therapy for COVID‐19 infection patients: Current and future directions. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Prafulla Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmacy Centurion University of Technology and Management Bhubaneswar Odisha India
| | | | - Laxmi Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Sanjay Kumar Shah
- Department of Reproductive MedicineJoint Inter‐national Research Laboratory of Reproduction and DevelopmentChongquing Medical University ChongqingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates
| | - Anjan Palikhey
- Department of Pharmacology Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Bishal Joshi
- Department of Physiology, Universal College of Medical Sciences Bhairahawa Rupandehi Nepal
| | - Pramodkumar P. Gupta
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics D. Y. Patil Deemed to be University, CBD Belapur Navi Mumbai India
| | - Jitendra Upadhyaya
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Tribhuvan University Chitwan Nepal
| | - Mahendra Paudel
- Department of Agri‐Botany and Ecology Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Tribhuvan University Mahendranagar Nepal
| | - Niranjan Koirala
- Natural Products Research FacilityGandaki Province Academy of Science and Technology Pokhara, Gandaki Province Nepal
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28
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Yan Q, Zhang T, O'Connor C, Barlow JW, Walsh J, Scalabrino G, Xu F, Sheridan H. The biological responses of vitamin K2: A comprehensive review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1634-1656. [PMID: 37051359 PMCID: PMC10084986 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K1 (VitK1) and Vitamin K2 (VitK2), two important naturally occurring micronutrients in the VitK family, found, respectively, in green leafy plants and algae (VitK1) and animal and fermented foods (VitK2). The present review explores the multiple biological functions of VitK2 from recently published in vitro and in vivo studies, including promotion of osteogenesis, prevention of calcification, relief of menopausal symptoms, enhancement of mitochondrial energy release, hepato- and neuro-protective effects, and possible use in treatment of coronavirus disease. The mechanisms of action associated with these biological effects are also explored. Overall, the findings presented here suggest that VitK, especially VitK2, is an important nutrient family for the normal functioning of human health. It acts on almost all major body systems and directly or indirectly participates in and regulates hundreds of physiological or pathological processes. However, as biological and clinical data are still inconsistent and conflicting, more in-depth investigations are warranted to elucidate its potential as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat a range of disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxiang Yan
- Institute of Science and Technology Shenyang Open University Shenyang China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health Technological University Dublin Dublin 7 Ireland
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Christine O'Connor
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health Technological University Dublin Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - James W. Barlow
- Department of Chemistry RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - John Walsh
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Gaia Scalabrino
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Feng Xu
- The Centre of Vitamin K2 Research Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Helen Sheridan
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
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29
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Zhao C, Zhou Z, Wu X, Wang Y, Zuo L, Zheng R, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lai X, Zhou L, Xin HB, Fu M, Qian Y, Lin H, Liu Q. Vitamin K3 Suppresses Pyroptosis in THP-1 Cells through Inhibition of NF-κB and JNK Signaling Pathways. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:52-60. [PMID: 36288961 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin K, a necessary nutritional supplement for human, has been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of vitamin K family on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus nigericin induced pyroptosis and explored the underlying mechanism of its action in THP-1 monocytes. Results showed that vitamin K3 treatment significantly suppressed THP-1 pyroptosis, but not vitamin K1 or K2, as evidenced by increased cell viability, reduced cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and improved cell morphology. Vitamin K3 inhibited NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activation, GSDMD cleavage and interleukin (IL)-1β secretion in pyrophoric THP-1 cells. In addition, vitamin K3 inhibited the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Vitamin K3 treatment also attenuated tissue damage and reduced serum LDH, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in LPS-induced systemic inflammation of mice. The reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activityand F4/80 expression indicated that vitamin K3 effectively reduced the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. Moreover, NLRP3 expression in monocytes/macrophages were also decreased in vitamin K3-treatedmice after LPS challenge. These findings suggest that vitamin K3 potently alleviates systemic inflammation and organ injury via inhibition of pyroptosis in monocytes and may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Zhao
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City
| | - Xuehan Wu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University
| | - Yihan Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University
| | - Li Zuo
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University
| | - Rui Zheng
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ning Xia University
| | - Yu Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University
| | - Zhaoxia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
| | - Xinchong Lai
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University
| | - Ling Zhou
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University
| | - Mingui Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City
| | - Yisong Qian
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University
| | - Hongru Lin
- Department of Scientific Research, Hainan General Hospital
| | - Quanwen Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University
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30
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Singh V, Jain S, Prakash S, Thakur M. Studies on the synergistic Interplay of Vitamin D and K for Improving Bone and Cardiovascular Health. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients perform their roles either directly or through interaction with other nutrients inside our body. The nature of interactions between nutrients can be synergistic, which brings about maximum benefit to the host, or antagonistic, i.e., one nutrient affects the uptake and availability of other nutrients in the body. These interactions need to be critically analysed and acknowledged to harness their positive health benefits. Combining nutrients having a synergistic effect may help in lowering the threat of cardiovascular ailment, osteoporosis, and other health issues. This study aims to qualitatively review the information that is currently available upon the synergistic effects of co-supplementing Vitamin D and K on bone and cardiovascular health among various age groups. The methodology followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A structured search of two databases-PubMed and Google Scholar—was carried out, and articles were identified that focused upon the dual supplementation of Vitamin D and K, which has been shown to improve bone and cardiovascular health among users. The search was restricted to the English language, conducted, and published between 2006 and 2021. Overall, 12 studies involving 8216 participants were included in the qualitative analysis. Among these, 5 were randomized controlled trials, 6 were observational studies, and 1 was interventional studies. The results were interpreted based on improved bone health by assessing the progress in Bone Mineral Content (BMC), lower extremity function, Bone Mineral Density (BMD), and bone turnover. In contrast, improvement in cardiovascular health was recorded based on the Carotid Intima-media Thickness (CIMT), arterial stiffness, high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the structure of the heart. Out of a total 12 studies, 11 studies showed that Vitamin D work in synergy with Vitamin K and also has a significant role in improving bone fractures, low BMD, and cardiovascular disorders. Further research and clinical trials on these Vitamins in different age groups and disease conditions are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Singh
- 1Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shravali Jain
- 1Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satya Prakash
- 2Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture andTechnology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Thakur
- 1Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India
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31
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Tang S, Ruan Z, Ma A, Wang D, Kou J. Effect of vitamin K on wound healing: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on preclinical studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1063349. [PMID: 36532748 PMCID: PMC9755209 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1063349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, many studies have found that vitamin K is beneficial to wound healing. However, some research results seem to be in conflict. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin K on wound healing.Methods: We systematically and comprehensively searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang eletronic databases. We applied revman5.3 software to calculate the weighted mean difference (WMD) of 95% confidence interval (CI) of animal and cell groups to evaluate the effect of vitamin K on wound healing. Two researchers independently selected studies and used the Cochrane Collaboration tool to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The overall quality of evidence was assessed using the Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group approch.Results: Among the 1081 articles searched, 6 articles (16 studies in total) met the inclusion criteria. The results of quantitative analysis showed that vitamin K was beneficial to increase the wound healing rate in animal models [rat model: WMD = 27.45 (95% CI: 13.46, 41.44); p = 0.0001], but the opposite result was obtained in cell experiments [WMD = −33.84 (95% CI: −56.90, −10.79); p = 0.004].Conclusion: This meta-analysis hits that vitamin K could affect the process of wound healing, especially in animal models. While we could not know the clear role at present, which requires larger scale research. In addition, the concentration and safe dose of vitamin K also deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiqing Tang
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhen Ruan
- Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Axue Ma
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Medical Research and Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Research on TCM Physical Constitution and Disease Prevention and Treatment, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Wang,
| | - Jiushe Kou
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
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32
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Kemp JA, Alvarenga L, Cardozo LFMF, Dai L, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG, Hackeng TM, Schurgers LJ, Mafra D. Dysbiosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Let Us Talk About Vitamin K. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:765-779. [PMID: 36138326 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This narrative review aimed to summarize the current evidence on the connection between dysbiosis and vitamin K deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The presence of dysbiosis (perturbations in the composition of the microbiota) has been described in several non-communicable diseases, including chronic kidney disease, and it has been hypothesized that dysbiosis may cause vitamin K deficiency. Patients with CKD present both vitamin K deficiency and gut dysbiosis; however, the relationship between gut dysbiosis and vitamin K deficiency remains to be addressed. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, few studies in animals have demonstrated that a dysbiotic environment is associated with low production of vitamin K by the gut microbiota. Vitamin K plays a vital role in blood coagulation as well as in the cardiovascular and bone systems. It serves as a cofactor for γ-glutamyl carboxylases and thus is essential for the post-translational modification and activation of vitamin K-dependent calcification regulators, such as osteocalcin, matrix Gla protein, Gla-rich protein, and proteins C and S. Additionally, vitamin K executes essential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. Dietary intake is the main source of vitamin K; however, it also can be produced by gut microbiota. This review discusses the effects of uremia on the imbalance in gut microbiota, vitamin K-producing bacteria, and vitamin K deficiency in CKD patients, leading to a better understanding and raising hypothesis for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ann Kemp
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Livia Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Lu Dai
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Rua Marquês Do Paraná, Niterói, RJ, 30324033-900, Brazil.
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Hernández-Flores TDJ, Pedraza-Brindis EJ, Cárdenas-Bedoya J, Ruíz-Carrillo JD, Méndez-Clemente AS, Martínez-Guzmán MA, Iñiguez-Gutiérrez L. Role of Micronutrients and Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in COVID-19 Recovery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12324. [PMID: 36293182 PMCID: PMC9604189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced and varied diet provides diverse beneficial effects on health, such as adequate micronutrient availability and a gut microbiome in homeostasis. Besides their participation in biochemical processes as cofactors and coenzymes, vitamins and minerals have an immunoregulatory function; meanwhile, gut microbiota and its metabolites coordinate directly and indirectly the cell response through the interaction with the host receptors. Malnourishment is a crucial risk factor for several pathologies, and its involvement during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic has been reported. This pandemic has caused a significant decline in the worldwide population, especially those with chronic diseases, reduced physical activity, and elder age. Diet and gut microbiota composition are probable causes for this susceptibility, and its supplementation can play a role in reestablishing microbial homeostasis and improving immunity response against Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection and recovery. This study reviews the role of micronutrients and microbiomes in the risk of infection, the severity of disease, and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita de Jesús Hernández-Flores
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eliza Julia Pedraza-Brindis
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jhonathan Cárdenas-Bedoya
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Daniel Ruíz-Carrillo
- Clínica Medicina Familiar 1 del ISSSTE “Dr. Arturo González Guzmán”, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Anibal Samael Méndez-Clemente
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marco Alonso Martínez-Guzmán
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Liliana Iñiguez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación de Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”, Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44670, Jalisco, Mexico
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Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Karwowski BT. Vitamin K Contribution to DNA Damage—Advantage or Disadvantage? A Human Health Response. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204219. [PMID: 36296903 PMCID: PMC9611527 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K is the common name for a group of compounds recognized as essential for blood clotting. The group comprises phylloquinone (K1)—a 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; menaquinone (K2, MK)—a group of compounds with an unsaturated side chain in position 3 of a different number of isoprene units and a 1,4-naphthoquinone group and menadione (K3, MD)—a group of synthetic, water-soluble compounds 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. However, recent epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin K has various benefits that go beyond blood coagulation processes. A dietary intake of K1 is inversely associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer, K2 has the potential to induce a differentiation in leukemia cells or apoptosis of various types of cancer cells, and K3 has a documented anti-cancer effect. A healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables ensures an optimal supply of K1 and K2, though consumers often prefer supplements. Interestingly, the synthetic form of vitamin K—menadione—appears in the cell during the metabolism of phylloquinone and is a precursor of MK-4, a form of vitamin K2 inaccessible in food. With this in mind, the purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of vitamin K as a micronutrient, which not only has a beneficial effect on blood clotting and the skeleton, but also reduces the risk of cancer and other pro-inflammatory diseases. A proper diet should be a basic and common preventive procedure, resulting in a healthier society and reduced burden on healthcare systems.
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Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Compounds from Arthrospira platensis and Its Effects on Tissue and Blood Cells—An Overview. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101497. [DOI: 10.3390/life12101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina platensis) is a natural source of considerable amounts of ingredients that are relevant for nutra- and pharmaceutical uses. Different hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances can be obtained by extraction from the biomass. The respective extraction techniques determine the composition of substances in the extract and thus its biological activity. In this short review, we provide an overview of the hydrophilic compounds (phenols, phycobiliproteins, polysaccharides, and vitamins) and lipophilic ingredients (chlorophylls, vitamins, fatty acids, and glycolipids) of Arthrospira platensis. The principal influences of these substances on blood and tissue cells are briefly summarized.
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Liao S, Omage SO, Börmel L, Kluge S, Schubert M, Wallert M, Lorkowski S. Vitamin E and Metabolic Health: Relevance of Interactions with Other Micronutrients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091785. [PMID: 36139859 PMCID: PMC9495493 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A hundred years have passed since vitamin E was identified as an essential micronutrient for mammals. Since then, many biological functions of vitamin E have been unraveled in both cell and animal models, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as regulatory activities on cell signaling and gene expression. However, the bioavailability and physiological functions of vitamin E have been considerably shown to depend on lifestyle, genetic factors, and individual health conditions. Another important facet that has been considered less so far is the endogenous interaction with other nutrients. Accumulating evidence indicates that the interaction between vitamin E and other nutrients, especially those that are enriched by supplementation in humans, may explain at least some of the discrepancies observed in clinical trials. Meanwhile, increasing evidence suggests that the different forms of vitamin E metabolites and derivates also exhibit physiological activities, which are more potent and mediated via different pathways compared to the respective vitamin E precursors. In this review, possible molecular mechanisms between vitamin E and other nutritional factors are discussed and their potential impact on physiological and pathophysiological processes is evaluated using published co-supplementation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liao
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sylvia Oghogho Omage
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Börmel
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Schubert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Wianowska D, Bryshten I. New Insights into Vitamin K-From Its Natural Sources through Biological Properties and Chemical Methods of Quantitative Determination. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-23. [PMID: 36083712 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2121599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K is one of the many health-promoting substances whose impact on the human body has been underestimated until recently. However, recently published research results have changed this situation, prompting some researchers to consider it a new panacea for diseases of old age. The result is a significant increase in interest in the accurate analysis of vitamin K in various types of samples, ranging from food, through dietary supplements, to biological matrices and clinical trials, both observational and interventional. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the proven and speculated biological activity of vitamin K and its importance for the world's aging societies, including the methods used for its isolation and analysis in various matrices types. Of all the analytical methods, the currently preferred methods of choice for the direct analysis of vitamin K are chromatographic methods, in particular liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This technique, despite its sensitivity and selectivity, requires an appropriate stage of sample preparation. As there is still room for improvement in the efficiency of these methods, especially at the sample preparation stage, this review shows the directions that need to be taken to make these methods faster, more efficient and more environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Wianowska
- Department of Chromatography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iryna Bryshten
- Department of Chromatography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Lin YL, Hsu BG. Vitamin K and vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease: An update of current evidence. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 35:44-50. [PMID: 36866348 PMCID: PMC9972925 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_100_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification, characterized by calcium deposition in the intimal and medial layers of the arterial wall, is frequently encountered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and leads to an enhanced risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. However, the underlying complex pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Recently, Vitamin K supplementation aimed at correcting Vitamin K deficiency highly prevalent in CKD holds great promise to mitigate the progression of vascular calcification. This article discusses the functional Vitamin K status in CKD, the pathophysiology linking Vitamin K deficiency and vascular calcification, and reviews current literature from animal models, observational studies, and clinical trials across the different spectrum of CKD. While favorable effects of Vitamin K on vascular calcification and CV outcomes are suggested in animal and observational studies, most recently published clinical trials investigating the effects of Vitamin K on vascular health failed to support the beneficial role of Vitamin K supplementation, despite improving the functional status of Vitamin K. We address the potential reasons for these discrepancies and provide further perspective on Vitamin K research in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan,Address for correspondence: Dr. Bang-Gee Hsu, Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 707, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, Taiwan. E-mail:
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Cemortan M, Sagaidac I, Cernetchi O. Assessment of vitamin K levels in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:534. [PMID: 35778702 PMCID: PMC9248160 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a disorder characterized by pruritus and elevated liver function tests and bile acids. Poor vitamin absorption and, as a result, hypovitaminosis K can occur as a result of the pathology. Given the known effects of vitamin K, the authors considered that hypovitaminosis K could increase the risk of coagulopathic hemorrhage in pregnant women. The study revealed that 59.2% of women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy were diagnosed with hypovitaminosis K; however, 98.6% of women had normal coagulogram indices. Thus, coagulogram markers are more likely to indicate vitamin K activity than its actual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cemortan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.
| | - Irina Sagaidac
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Olga Cernetchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
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Feng Q, Xia W, Dai G, Lv J, Yang J, Liu D, Zhang G. The Aging Features of Thyrotoxicosis Mice: Malnutrition, Immunosenescence and Lipotoxicity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864929. [PMID: 35720307 PMCID: PMC9201349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of aging is mainly the increase of age-related diseases, and elderly patients have longer hospitalization and worse prognosis. Poorer nutritional status and immunosenescence may be predisposing and severe factors. The mechanism of the high incidence of diseases and poor prognosis behind aging is complex. Finding suitable aging models is of great significance to find strategies to prevent aging related events. In this study, the relationship between thyrotoxicosis and aging was investigated in mice. The results of routine blood tests and flow cytometry showed that immunosenescence occurred in thyrotoxicosis mice, which was characterized by a significant decrease in neutrophils, lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ and CD4+IFN-γ+ lymphocytes. Biochemical examination results showed that there were hypocholesterolemia, hypolipoproteinemia, and hyperlipidemia in thyrotoxicosis mice. Serum proteomics analysis showed that the downregulation of complement and coagulation proteins was another manifestation of declined immunity. Moreover, proteomics analysis showed that many downregulated proteins were related to homeostasis, mainly transport proteins. Their downregulation led to the disturbance of osmotic pressure, ion homeostasis, vitamin utilization, lipid transport, hyaluronic acid processing, and pH maintenance. Serum metabolomics analysis provided more detailed evidence of homeostasis disturbance, especially lipid metabolism disorder, including the downregulation of cholesterol, vitamin D, bile acids, docosanoids, and the upregulation of glucocorticoids, triglycerides, sphingolipids, and free fatty acids. The upregulated lipid metabolites were related to lipotoxicity, which might be one cause of immunosenescence and many aging related syndromes. This study provides evidence for the aging model of thyrotoxicosis mice, which can be used for exploring anti-aging drugs and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Wenkai Xia
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Guoxin Dai
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jingang Lv
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Deshan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
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Lin YY, Mattison MJ, Priefer R. Beneficial effects of non-herbal supplements on patients with diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102510. [PMID: 35613489 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Controlling glycemic levels is crucial for patients with diabetes mellitus to improve their disease management and health outcomes. Beyond lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy, some supplements have been shown to lower blood glucose as well as mitigate diabetic complications. METHODS Information was primarily gathered by employing various PubMed scholarly articles for real-world examples in addition to data extraction from supplementary manuscripts. Only original human trials were used, and those published within the past two decades were primarily chosen. However, background information may contains review articles. RESULTS Some non-herbal supplements have been suggested to lower fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, glycated glucose (HbA1c), lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as improving body composition, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and nephropathy. CONCLUSION This review discusses ten non-herbal supplements that have been reported to have beneficial effects among different types of patients with diabetes as well as potential future clinical application. However, more long-term studies with a larger amount and more diverse participants need to be conducted for a robust conclusion. Also, mechanisms of action of antidiabetic effects are poorly understood and need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Lin
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ronny Priefer
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Garhwal R, Sangwan K, Mehra R, Kumar N, Bhardwaj A, Pal Y, Buttar HS, Kumar H. A Systematic Review of the Bioactive Components, Nutritional Qualities and Potential Therapeutic Applications of Donkey Milk. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 115:104006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Qu Z, Zhang L, Huang W, Zheng S. Vitamin K2 Enhances Fat Degradation to Improve the Survival of C. elegans. Front Nutr 2022; 9:858481. [PMID: 35495953 PMCID: PMC9051363 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.858481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of vitamin K (VK) on various chronic age-related syndromes have generally been considered dependent on its antioxidant effects. However, due to the distinct bioavailability and biological activities of VKs, exactly which of these activities and by what mechanisms they might act still need to be elucidated. In this study, we found that VK2 can extend the lifespan of C. elegans and improve the resistance to pathogen infection, heat stress and H2O2-induced inner oxidative stress. Importantly, the roles of VK2 on aging and stress resistance were shown to be dependent on enhanced fat metabolism and not due to its antioxidant effects. Moreover, the genes related to fat metabolism that were up-regulated following VK2 treatment play key roles in improving survival. Obesity is a leading risk factor for developing T2DM, and taking VKs has been previously considered to improve the insulin sensitivity associated with obesity and T2DM risk. However, our results showed that VK2 can significantly influence the expression of genes related to fat metabolism, including those that regulate fatty acid elongation, desaturation, and synthesis of fatty acid-CoA. VK2 enhanced the fatty acid β-oxidation activity in peroxisome to degrade and digest fatty acid-CoA. Our study implies that VK2 can enhance fat degradation and digestion to improve survival, supporting the effectiveness of VK2-based medical treatments. VK2 is mainly produced by gut bacteria, suggesting that VK2 might facilitate communication between the gut microbiota and the host intestinal cells to influence fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qu
- Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shanqing Zheng
- Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan Provincial Engineering Centre for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Shanqing Zheng
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Lee TS, Liu HC, Lee SP, Kao YW. Balance factors affecting the quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2022; 78:1628. [PMID: 35402743 PMCID: PMC8991087 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v78i1.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) affects the quality of life (QOL) and balance control of elderly people; our study explored the balance factors that affected the QOL in patients with knee OA. Objectives To determine the balance factors that affected the QOL of patients with knee OA who attended general clinics. Method A total of 30 healthy controls and 60 patients with mild-to-moderate bilateral knee OA, all aged 55–75 years, were enrolled in our cross-sectional study. All participants were interviewed; the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey was used to assess their QOL in eight dimensions, and the Balance Master System was used to evaluate their balance control according to six parameters. Descriptive statistics were used to reduce the data; an independent t-test determined differences between the two groups, and a multiple regression analysis was undertaken to establish associations between variables from the balance control test and SH36 physical and mental health components. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. Results In the OA group, significant negative correlations were observed between sway velocity and the physical health component (p = 0.003) and between sway velocity and the mental health component (p = 0.006). Thus, sway velocity had a major impact on the QOL of patients with knee OA. Conclusions The sway velocity at the centre of gravity in balance control was a crucial factor for determining the QOL of patients with bilateral knee OA. Clinical implications Sway velocity is a key factor affecting the QOL and may provide a basis to formulate preventive actions and design treatment goals for patients with knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Shyug Lee
- Graduate Institute, Faculty of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chuan Liu
- Graduate Institute, Faculty of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Lee
- Graduate Institute, Faculty of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Kao
- Graduate Institute, Faculty of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Sreelatha S, Devang N, Marathe A. Vitamin K: A Simple and Efficient Add-on to the Current Treatment Regime of COVID-19. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220405134759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
: Intravascular thrombosis and pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia is significantly associated with the severity of disease. Vitamin K is known to balance the coagulation mechanisms and also prevents calcification and fibrosis of the extrahepatic soft tissues. This narrative review focuses on the role of Vitamin K as a linking factor for thrombotic as well as pulmonary complications of COVID-19.
Methods and Results:
Article search was performed in databases of WHO, PubMed, Scopus and Clinical Trial Registry using appropriate key words. Original articles included very few observational studies which showed a reduced level of Vitamin K as well as activated extrahepatic Vitamin K Dependent Proteins (VKDP) in COVID-19 patients when compared to healthy controls. Chronic treatment with Vitamin K Antagonists did not reduce the risk of in-hospital death. Docking study was performed using Swiss dock and it gave a significant interaction between menaquinone and SARS-CoV-2 main Protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro).
Discussion:
Deficiency of Vitamin K in COVID-19 can be due to excess use of antagonists or defective ingestion or absorption. This triggers an imbalance in the normal coagulation-anticoagulation mechanism by channelling the available Vitamin K to the liver and thereby causing a deficiency of the same in extrahepatic tissues and finally leading to thrombosis. This also prevents carboxylation and activation of extrahepatic VKDP required to prevent the calcification of soft tissues and thus leading to lung fibrosis.
Conclutions:
Supplementation of Vitamin K should be considered as a potentially modifiable risk factor in severe COVID-19. Randomized control trials are highly recommended to give clearer evidence on the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souparnika Sreelatha
- Department of Biochemistry, Assistant Professor, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE University, Deralakkatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nayana Devang
- Department of Biochemistry, Assistant Professor, Kanachur Institute of Medical Sciences, Natekal, University Road, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aradhana Marathe
- Department of Biochemistry, Tutor, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Tang H, Zheng Z, Wang H, Wang L, Zhao G, Wang P. Vitamin K2 Modulates Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine in SH-SY5Y Cells via Mitochondrial Quality-Control Loop. Nutrients 2022; 14:1504. [PMID: 35406117 PMCID: PMC9003256 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K2, a natural fat-soluble vitamin, is a potent neuroprotective molecule, owing to its antioxidant effect, but its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we stimulated SH-SY5Y cells with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in a proper dose-dependent manner, followed by a treatment of vitamin K2. In the presence of 6-OHDA, cell viability was reduced, the mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased. Moreover, the treatment of 6-OHDA promoted mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and abnormal mitochondrial fission and fusion. However, vitamin K2 significantly suppressed 6-OHDA-induced changes. Vitamin K2 played a significant part in apoptosis by upregulating and downregulating Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions, respectively, which inhibited mitochondrial depolarization, and ROS accumulation to maintain mitochondrial structure and functional stabilities. Additionally, vitamin K2 significantly inhibited the 6-OHDA-induced downregulation of the MFN1/2 level and upregulation of the DRP1 level, respectively, and this enabled cells to maintain the dynamic balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission. Furthermore, vitamin K2 treatments downregulated the expression level of p62 and upregulated the expression level of LC3A in 6-OHDA-treated cells via the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway, thereby promoting mitophagy. Moreover, it induced mitochondrial biogenesis in 6-OHDA damaged cells by promoting the expression of PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM. These indicated that vitamin K2 can release mitochondrial damage, and that this effect is related to the participation of vitamin K2 in the regulation of the mitochondrial quality-control loop, through the maintenance of the mitochondrial quality-control system, and repair mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby alleviating neuronal cell death mediated by mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengfang Tang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
- Science Island Branch of Graduate, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhiming Zheng
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Genhai Zhao
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (H.T.); (H.W.); (L.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- CAS (Hefei) Institute of Technology Innovation Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, China
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Complete Resolution of Central Soft Drusen without Geographic Atrophy or Choroidal Neovascularization. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061637. [PMID: 35329963 PMCID: PMC8951140 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment and prevention of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) traditionally involve lifestyle modifications and antioxidant supplementation, including the AREDS2 formula. We present a case of a woman with dry AMD in her right eye with several large, confluent central drusen on her exam and optical coherence tomography B-scan. Over the course of a year, the drusen almost completely disappeared, but the retinal layers were preserved without the development of geographic atrophy or choroidal neovascularization. While the exact cause of this phenomenon is unclear, it was thought to be associated with this patient’s strict daily use of numerous dietary supplements. This case highlights the potential in exploring alternative medicine supplements in the treatment of AMD.
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Elkattawy HA, Ghoneim FM, Eladl MA, Said E, Ebrahim HA, El-Shafey M, Asseri SM, El-Sherbiny M, Alsalamah RH, Elsherbiny NM, Hadhod S. Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone-7) Reverses Age-Related Structural and Cognitive Deterioration in Naturally Aging Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030514. [PMID: 35326164 PMCID: PMC8944720 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a naturally occurring process inevitably affecting each living human. The brain is adversely affected by aging with increased risks of developing various neurological disorders. Thus, it is essential to investigate practical approaches that can counteract the impact of aging on the brain. Vitamin K2 (Vit. K2) is a naturally occurring vitamin with reported valuable therapeutic effects. The current study highlights the role of Vit. K2 administration in counteracting age-related changes in the brain using naturally aging rats. Three-month-old rats were assigned to two groups: an ageing control group receiving a drug vehicle and an ageing group orally gavaged with Vit. K2 (30 mg/kg, once daily 5 days per week). Treatment was continued for 17 months. Ten three-month-old rats were used as the adult control. Vit. K2 improved functional performance, reduced social anxiety, depressive-like behavior, and enhanced memory performance with concomitant preservation of hippocampal and cerebral cortex tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Biochemically, Vit. K2 administration restored oxidative-anti-oxidative homeostasis in the brain. Vit. K2 modulated inflammatory signaling, as evidenced by suppression in the brain of NLRP3, caspase-1, Il-1β, TNFα, IL-6, and CD68 expression. Concomitantly, histopathological examination revealed consistent hippocampal and cerebral cortex improvement. Thus, it can be inferred that Vit K2 can slow down age-related changes in the brain associated with modulation of NLRP3/caspase-1/Nrf-2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany A. Elkattawy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.E.); (M.E.-S.)
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Fatma M. Ghoneim
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Eman Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura 7723730, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (N.M.E.)
| | - Hasnaa Ali Ebrahim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed El-Shafey
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Physiological Sciences Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 2537, Jeddah 21461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Mohamed Asseri
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.E.); (M.E.-S.)
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Reem Hamoud Alsalamah
- PharmD Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nehal M. Elsherbiny
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (N.M.E.)
| | - Shimaa Hadhod
- Medical Physiology Department, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
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Fusaro M, Tondolo F, Gasperoni L, Tripepi G, Plebani M, Zaninotto M, Nickolas TL, Ketteler M, Aghi A, Politi C, La Manna G, Brandi ML, Ferrari S, Gallieni M, Mereu MC, Cianciolo G. The Role of Vitamin K in CKD-MBD. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:65-77. [PMID: 35132525 PMCID: PMC8821802 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We describe the mechanism of action of vitamin K, and its implication in cardiovascular disease, bone fractures, and inflammation to underline its protective role, especially in chronic kidney disease (CKD). RECENT FINDINGS Vitamin K acts as a coenzyme of y-glutamyl carboxylase, transforming undercarboxylated in carboxylated vitamin K-dependent proteins. Furthermore, through the binding of the nuclear steroid and xenobiotic receptor, it activates the expression of genes that encode proteins involved in the maintenance of bone quality and bone remodeling. There are three main types of K vitamers: phylloquinone, menaquinones, and menadione. CKD patients, for several conditions typical of the disease, are characterized by lower levels of vitamin K than the general populations, with a resulting higher prevalence of bone fractures, vascular calcifications, and mortality. Therefore, the definition of vitamin K dosage is an important issue, potentially leading to reduced bone fractures and improved vascular calcifications in the general population and CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fusaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesco Tondolo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gasperoni
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Zaninotto
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Thomas L Nickolas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Markus Ketteler
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrea Aghi
- Department of Medicine, Clinica Medica 1, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Politi
- CNR-IFC, Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Ospedali Riuniti, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Service des Maladies Osseuses, Département de Médecine, HUG, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Gallieni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Università di Milano, 20157, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Cianciolo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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