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Zhang X, Guo Q, Sun S, Tang X, Shen W, Liang J, Yao G, Geng L, Ding S, Chen H, Wang H, Hua B, Wang D, Zhang H, Feng X, Sun L, Jin Z. Factors associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in Chinese hospitalized patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective cohort study. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:2067-2078. [PMID: 37750894 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency and changes in 25 (OH)D levels, as well as the impact of those changes on disease activity and renal function among SLE patients. This retrospective cohort study was based on the medical records of SLE patients hospitalized between 2010 and 2021. We collected relevant information from this patient population. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency and increased 25 (OH)D levels, and we calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) accordingly. At baseline, among the 1257 SLE patients, the median and interquartile range of 25 (OH)D levels were 14 (9, 20) ng/ml, with 953 (75.8%) patients exhibiting 25 (OH)D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml). The presence of 25 (OH)D deficiency was found to be associated with renal involvement and a high glucocorticoid (GC) maintenance dose. Among the 383 patients who were followed up for an average of 18 months, an increase of at least 100% in 25 (OH)D levels was positively associated with a decreased GC maintenance dose and vitamin D3 supplementation, with adjusted odds ratios(OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 2.16 (1.02, 4.59) and 1300 (70, 22300), respectively. Furthermore, an increased level of 25 (OH)D was significantly associated with a decrease in the Disease Activity Index 2000 score and the urinary protein/creatinine ratio. Patients with SLE have low vitamin D levels, especially those with impaired kidney function. Increased 25 (OH)D levels can be achieved through supplementation with high doses of vitamin D3 and are associated with improvements in disease activity and the urinary protein/creatinine ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqing Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Linyu Geng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shuai Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Bingzhu Hua
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Rheumatology Medical Center and Stem Cell Intervention Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziyi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Rheumatology Medical Center and Stem Cell Intervention Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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Riccio P. Vitamin D, the Sunshine Molecule That Makes Us Strong: What Does Its Current Global Deficiency Imply? Nutrients 2024; 16:2015. [PMID: 38999763 PMCID: PMC11243384 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 deficiency and insufficiency are becoming a common global issue for us, especially in the most industrially developed countries. The only acknowledged activity of vitamin D3 in vertebrates is to promote the absorption of calcium and, therefore, allow for the mineralization of bones. Accordingly, its deficiency is associated with diseases such as rickets. Other numerous vital functions associated with vitamin D3 are yet to be considered, and the function of vitamin D2 in plants is unknown. Thus, 100 years after its discovery, the importance of vitamin D still seems to be unacknowledged (except for rickets), with little attention given to its decrease throughout the world. In this review, I suggest that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency may be linked to the westernized lifestyle in more developed countries. Furthermore, I suggest that, rather than the calcemic activity, the main function of vitamin D is, in general, that of strengthening living organisms. I conclude with the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency may represent a marker for a greater risk of chronic inflammatory diseases and a shorter life expectancy.
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Slavov GS, Manova MG, Kostadinova II. 25 Hydroxyvitamin D and Cytokine Profile in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Cureus 2024; 16:e61534. [PMID: 38957253 PMCID: PMC11218926 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the severity of the deficiency is associated with the loss of axons, and it is likely that cytotoxic T-cells 8 (CD8 T) play an important role. In relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, there is a correlation between the inflammatory activity in the lesion and the transection of axons. To understand the pathological mechanisms, it is important to evaluate the changes in serum concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during the disease course. A total of 46 patients and 40 healthy individuals participated in an open-label, prospective, case-control study from 2012 to 2014. The serum concentrations of cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An immune imbalance was observed during relapse and remission phases compared to the control group. During relapse, the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly higher compared to those in remission (p=0.017). During remission, there was an improvement in the deficiency (p<0.001), and the anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and interleukin 4 (IL4) increased compared to those in relapse (p=0.006; p=0.009). A correlation was found between the serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) during relapse (correlation coefficient: 0.301; significance (Sig.) (2-tailed 0.042). During the exacerbation, there was a moderate relationship between interleukin 17 (IL17) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (P (p-value (probability value) = 0.02)). TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL17, and TGF-β serum levels are criteria for evaluating immune inflammatory activity during relapse and remission periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi S Slavov
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, BGR
| | - Mariya G Manova
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, BGR
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Wimalawansa SJ. Physiology of Vitamin D-Focusing on Disease Prevention. Nutrients 2024; 16:1666. [PMID: 38892599 PMCID: PMC11174958 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a crucial micronutrient, critical to human health, and influences many physiological processes. Oral and skin-derived vitamin D is hydroxylated to form calcifediol (25(OH)D) in the liver, then to 1,25(OH)2D (calcitriol) in the kidney. Alongside the parathyroid hormone, calcitriol regulates neuro-musculoskeletal activities by tightly controlling blood-ionized calcium concentrations through intestinal calcium absorption, renal tubular reabsorption, and skeletal mineralization. Beyond its classical roles, evidence underscores the impact of vitamin D on the prevention and reduction of the severity of diverse conditions such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, autoimmune disorders, infection, and cancer. Peripheral target cells, like immune cells, obtain vitamin D and 25(OH)D through concentration-dependent diffusion from the circulation. Calcitriol is synthesized intracellularly in these cells from these precursors, which is crucial for their protective physiological actions. Its deficiency exacerbates inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased susceptibility to metabolic disorders and infections; deficiency also causes premature deaths. Thus, maintaining optimal serum levels above 40 ng/mL is vital for health and disease prevention. However, achieving it requires several times more than the government's recommended vitamin D doses. Despite extensive published research, recommended daily intake and therapeutic serum 25(OH)D concentrations have lagged and are outdated, preventing people from benefiting. Evidence suggests that maintaining the 25(OH)D concentrations above 40 ng/mL with a range of 40-80 ng/mL in the population is optimal for disease prevention and reducing morbidities and mortality without adverse effects. The recommendation for individuals is to maintain serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L) for optimal clinical outcomes. Insights from metabolomics, transcriptomics, and epigenetics offer promise for better clinical outcomes from vitamin D sufficiency. Given its broader positive impact on human health with minimal cost and little adverse effects, proactively integrating vitamin D assessment and supplementation into clinical practice promises significant benefits, including reduced healthcare costs. This review synthesized recent novel findings related to the physiology of vitamin D that have significant implications for disease prevention.
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Li B, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zheng T, Li Q, Yang S, Shao J, Guan W, Zhang S. Nutritional strategies to reduce intestinal cell apoptosis by alleviating oxidative stress. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae023. [PMID: 38626282 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier is the first line of defense against harmful substances and pathogens in the intestinal tract. The balance of proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and its function. However, oxidative stress and inflammation can cause DNA damage and abnormal apoptosis of the IECs, leading to the disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier. This, in turn, can directly or indirectly cause various acute and chronic intestinal diseases. In recent years, there has been a growing understanding of the vital role of dietary ingredients in gut health. Studies have shown that certain amino acids, fibers, vitamins, and polyphenols in the diet can protect IECs from excessive apoptosis caused by oxidative stress, and limit intestinal inflammation. This review aims to describe the molecular mechanism of apoptosis and its relationship with intestinal function, and to discuss the modulation of IECs' physiological function, the intestinal epithelial barrier, and gut health by various nutrients. The findings of this review may provide a theoretical basis for the use of nutritional interventions in clinical intestinal disease research and animal production, ultimately leading to improved human and animal intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianzi Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tenghui Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwang Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Shao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Rizzi M, Avellis V, Messina A, Germano C, Tavella E, Dodaro V, Vitale R, Revelli A, Zola P, Picone S, Paolillo PM, Mondì V, Masturzo B, Manzoni P, Sainaghi PP. Vitamin D Supplementation in Neonatal and Infant MIS-C Following COVID-19 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3712. [PMID: 38612523 PMCID: PMC11011671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still represents a great clinical challenge worldwide, and effective anti-COVID-19 drugs are limited. For this reason, nutritional supplements have been investigated as adjuvant therapeutic approaches in disease management. Among such supplements, vitamin D has gained great interest, due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions both in adult and pediatric populations. Even if there is conflicting evidence about its prevention and/or mitigation effectiveness in SARS-CoV-2 infection, several studies demonstrated a strict correlation between hypovitaminosis D and disease severity in acute COVID-19 and MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children). This narrative review offers a resume of the state of the art about vitamin D's role in immunity and its clinical use in the context of the current pandemic, specially focusing on pediatric manifestations and MIS-C. It seems biologically reasonable that interventions aimed at normalizing circulating vitamin D levels could be beneficial. To help clinicians in establishing the correct prophylaxis and/or supportive therapy with vitamin D, well-designed and adequately statistically powered clinical trials involving both adult and pediatric populations are needed. Moreover, this review will also discuss the few other nutraceuticals evaluated in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Rizzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
- IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Avellis
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Alessandro Messina
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Chiara Germano
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
| | - Elena Tavella
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Valentina Dodaro
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Raffaele Vitale
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Alberto Revelli
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Paolo Zola
- School of Medicine, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
| | - Simonetta Picone
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Michele Paolillo
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Mondì
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Casilino, 00169 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Masturzo
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
| | - Paolo Manzoni
- Sant’Anna Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy (B.M.)
- Department of Maternal, Neonatal and Infant Medicine, University Hospital “Degli Infermi”, 13875 Ponderano, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Sainaghi
- IRCAD (Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), 28100 Novara, Italy
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Yu Y, Yang X, Wu J, Shangguan X, Bai S, Yu R. A Mendelian randomization study of the effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on autoimmune thyroid disease. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1298708. [PMID: 38259461 PMCID: PMC10800945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The influence of vitamin D on autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) remains a subject of ongoing debate. This study employs Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal correlations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), autoimmune hyperthyroidism (AIH), and Graves disease (GD). Methods Data on single nucleotide polymorphisms related to serum 25(OH)D levels, AIT, AIH, and GD were sourced from UK Biobank and FinnGen. Inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median were employed to test the exposure-outcome causal relationship. Assessments of horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and stability were performed using the MR-Egger intercept, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, respectively. Results The results of MR analysis showed increased serum 25(OH)D levels was associated with a reduced risk of AIT (OR 0.499, 95% CI 0.289 to 0.860, p = 0.012) but not causal associated with AIH (OR 0.935, 95% CI 0.695 to 1.256, p = 0.654) and GD (OR 0.813, 95% CI 0.635 to 1.040, p = 0.100). Intercept analysis showed no horizontal pleiotropy (p > 0.05), and Cochran's Q test showed no heterogeneity (p > 0.05). Sensitivity analysis suggested that these results were robust. Conclusion An increased serum 25(OH)D level is associated with AIT risk reduction but unrelated to AIH and GD. This finding suggests that vitamin D supplementation can be valuable for preventing and treating AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueli Shangguan
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyang Bai
- College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Yu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Karnopp TE, da Silva Freitas V, Di Domenico AL, Chapacais GF, Dos Santos NG, Freitas EC, Gasparin AA, Monticielo OA. What is known about the effects of vitamin D in neuropsychiatric lupus? Adv Rheumatol 2024; 64:2. [PMID: 38167239 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect several organs and systems. The central and/or peripheral nervous system can suffer from complications known as neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE). Studies have associated the manifestations of SLE or NPSLE with vitamin D deficiency. It has been shown that hypovitaminosis D can lead to cognition deficits and cerebral hypoperfusion in patients with NPSLE. In this review article, we will address the main features related to vitamin D supplementation or serum vitamin D levels with neuropsychiatric manifestations, either in patients or in animal models of NPSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Evelyn Karnopp
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Sala 12109, Porto Alegre, 90035‑003, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius da Silva Freitas
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Sala 12109, Porto Alegre, 90035‑003, Brazil
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Leite Di Domenico
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Sala 12109, Porto Alegre, 90035‑003, Brazil
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Flores Chapacais
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Sala 12109, Porto Alegre, 90035‑003, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natália Garcia Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Sala 12109, Porto Alegre, 90035‑003, Brazil
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Correa Freitas
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Sala 12109, Porto Alegre, 90035‑003, Brazil
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andrese Aline Gasparin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Odirlei André Monticielo
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisas Experimentais, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Sala 12109, Porto Alegre, 90035‑003, Brazil
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Zeqaj I, Piffero R, Calzaducca E, Pirisi M, Bellan M. The Potential Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Cognitive Impairment Prevention. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:628-637. [PMID: 36998124 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230328130417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is implicated in many processes in the central nervous system (CNS), such as neurogenesis, neurotransmitter synthesis, synaptogenesis and protection against oxidative stress, thereby exerting a neuroprotective effect. OBJECTIVE In the present review, we aimed to evaluate the potential benefit(s) of vitamin D supplementation for CNS aging in different clinical contexts. METHODS We performed a literature search, looking for clinical trials and randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on different endpoints related to cognitive outcomes. RESULTS Firstly, we identified 16 papers dealing with the impact of vitamin D supplementation on cognitive function in healthy subjects; the current literature suggests a real role for vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of cognitive decay in this clinical setting. Conversely, two papers suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Finally, current data on vitamin D in Alzheimer's disease are contradictory. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation may improve the cognitive outcomes of patients with MCI, whereas there is no evidence that it may prevent dementia or modulate the course of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Zeqaj
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, "AOU Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Roberto Piffero
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, "AOU Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Calzaducca
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, "AOU Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, "AOU Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
- CAAD, (Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease) Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine (DiMeT), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
- Division of Internal Medicine, "AOU Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
- CAAD, (Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease) Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara, Italy
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10
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Mehrani Y, Morovati S, Tieu S, Karimi N, Javadi H, Vanderkamp S, Sarmadi S, Tajik T, Kakish JE, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Vitamin D Influences the Activity of Mast Cells in Allergic Manifestations and Potentiates Their Effector Functions against Pathogens. Cells 2023; 12:2271. [PMID: 37759494 PMCID: PMC10528041 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are abundant at sites exposed to the external environment and pathogens. Local activation of these cells, either directly via pathogen recognition or indirectly via interaction with other activated immune cells and results in the release of pre-stored mediators in MC granules. The release of these pre-stored mediators helps to enhance pathogen clearance. While MCs are well known for their protective role against parasites, there is also significant evidence in the literature demonstrating their ability to respond to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin and hormone that plays a vital role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism to maintain skeletal homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D also has immunomodulatory properties on both the innate and adaptive immune systems, making it a critical regulator of immune homeostasis. Vitamin D binds to its receptor, called the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is present in almost all immune system cells. The literature suggests that a vitamin D deficiency can activate MCs, and vitamin D is necessary for MC stabilization. This manuscript explores the potential of vitamin D to regulate MC activity and combat pathogens, with a focus on its ability to fight viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Solmaz Morovati
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71557-13876, Iran;
| | - Sophie Tieu
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Negar Karimi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Helia Javadi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Sierra Vanderkamp
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Soroush Sarmadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174-66191, Iran;
| | - Tahmineh Tajik
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran;
| | - Julia E. Kakish
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (Y.M.); (S.T.); (S.V.); (J.E.K.)
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11
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Zhang G, Wang X, Tong M, Chen J, Ji Q. U-Shaped Association of Standardized Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Risk of Low Muscle Mass: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:2167-2177. [PMID: 37547808 PMCID: PMC10402717 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s420963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the United States (U.S.) general population, the association between standardized serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and risk of low muscle mass (LMM) remains unclear. Our research aimed to determine whether or not there was a relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and risk of LMM. Methods We analyzed the cross-sectional data of the US population that participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2014. The relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and LMM risk was evaluated using restricted cubic spline (RCS) with multivariate logistic regression model and subgroup analysis. Results In all, we included 10,256 people in our analysis. The RCS plot demonstrated a U-shaped relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and risk of LMM (P for nonlinearity <0.05). At a Vitamin D concentration of 38.5 nmol/L, LMM risk was at its lowest. Based on analyses stratified by age, sex, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM), serum 25(OH)D concentration and risk of LMM were U-curve correlated for those age 40 or older, male, with hypertension, or without DM. However, LMM risk was positively related to serum 25(OH)D concentration in those younger than age 40 or in women. Conclusion There is a U-shaped relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentration and the risk of LMM in the general U.S. population. Careful monitoring and appropriate Vitamin D supplementation might lessen the risk of LMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Tong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, 230000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Ji
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Cutolo M, Smith V, Paolino S, Gotelli E. Involvement of the secosteroid vitamin D in autoimmune rheumatic diseases and COVID-19. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:265-287. [PMID: 36977791 PMCID: PMC10043872 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supporting the extra-skeletal role of vitamin D in modulating immune responses is centred on the effects of its final metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3, also known as calcitriol), which is regarded as a true steroid hormone. 1,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, can modulate the innate immune system in response to invading pathogens, downregulate inflammatory responses and support the adaptive arm of the immune system. Serum concentrations of its inactive precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3, also known as calcidiol) fluctuate seasonally (being lowest in winter) and correlate negatively with the activation of the immune system as well as with the incidence and severity of autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. Thus, a low serum concentration of 25(OH)D3 is considered to be a risk factor for autoimmune rheumatic diseases and vitamin D3 supplementation seems to improve the prognosis; moreover, long-term vitamin D3 supplementation seems to reduce their incidence (i.e. rheumatoid arthritis). In the setting of COVID-19, 1,25(OH)2D3 seems to downregulate the early viral phase (SARS-CoV-2 infection), by enhancing innate antiviral effector mechanisms, as well as the later cytokine-mediated hyperinflammatory phase. This Review provides an update of the latest scientific and clinical evidence concerning vitamin D and immune response in autoimmune rheumatic diseases and COVID-19, which justify the need for monitoring of serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations and for appropriate supplementation following clinical trial-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova-IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Paolino
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova-IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Gotelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova-IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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13
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Radiological Benefits of Vitamin D Status and Supplementation in Patients with MS—A Two-Year Prospective Observational Cohort Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061465. [PMID: 36986195 PMCID: PMC10052720 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current data emphasize the immunomodulating role of vitamin D in enhancing the anti-inflammatory response. Vitamin D deficiency is an established risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis—the autoimmune demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Several studies confirmed that higher vitamin D serum level is associated with better clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis, whereas vitamin D supplementation benefits in multiple sclerosis remain inconclusive. Despite that, many experts suggest regular measurements of vitamin D serum levels and supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis. In this study, 133 patients with multiple sclerosis (relapsing–remitting subtype) were prospectively observed in a 0-, 12- and 24-month time span in a clinical setting. The study group consisted of 71.4% of patients (95 out of 133) supplementing vitamin D. The associations between vitamin D serum levels, clinical outcomes (disability status expressed by EDSS, number of relapses and time to relapse) and radiological outcomes (new T2-weighted lesions and number of gadolinium-enhanced lesions) were evaluated. There were no statistically significant correlations between clinical outcomes and vitamin D serum levels or supplementations. Fewer new T2-weighted lesions were observed in patients with vitamin D supplementations (p = 0.034) in 24 months of observation. Moreover, an optimal or higher level of vitamin D (>30 ng/mL) maintained throughout the entire observation period was associated with a lower number of new T2-weighted lesions in 24 months of observation (p = 0.045). These results support vitamin D implementation commencement and amelioration in patients with multiple sclerosis.
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14
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Martinelli RP, Rayego-Mateos S, Alique M, Márquez-Expósito L, Tejedor-Santamaria L, Ortiz A, González-Parra E, Ruiz-Ortega M. Vitamin D, Cellular Senescence and Chronic Kidney Diseases: What Is Missing in the Equation? Nutrients 2023; 15:1349. [PMID: 36986078 PMCID: PMC10056834 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy increases in many countries, the prevalence of age-related diseases also rises. Among these conditions, chronic kidney disease is predicted to become the second cause of death in some countries before the end of the century. An important problem with kidney diseases is the lack of biomarkers to detect early damage or to predict the progression to renal failure. In addition, current treatments only retard kidney disease progression, and better tools are needed. Preclinical research has shown the involvement of the activation of cellular senescence-related mechanisms in natural aging and kidney injury. Intensive research is searching for novel treatments for kidney diseases as well as for anti-aging therapies. In this sense, many experimental shreds of evidence support that treatment with vitamin D or its analogs can exert pleiotropic protective effects in kidney injury. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency has been described in patients with kidney diseases. Here, we review recent evidence about the relationship between vitamin D and kidney diseases, explaining the underlying mechanisms of the effect of vitamin D actions, with particular attention to the modulation of cellular senescence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina P. Martinelli
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Alique
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Márquez-Expósito
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Tejedor-Santamaria
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio González-Parra
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Gallo D, Baci D, Kustrimovic N, Lanzo N, Patera B, Tanda ML, Piantanida E, Mortara L. How Does Vitamin D Affect Immune Cells Crosstalk in Autoimmune Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054689. [PMID: 36902117 PMCID: PMC10003699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that is highly involved in bone health. Mounting evidence revealed that, in addition to the regulation of mineral metabolism, vitamin D is implicated in cell proliferation and differentiation, vascular and muscular functions, and metabolic health. Since the discovery of vitamin D receptors in T cells, local production of active vitamin D was demonstrated in most immune cells, addressing the interest in the clinical implications of vitamin D status in immune surveillance against infections and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. T cells, together with B cells, are seen as the main immune cells involved in autoimmune diseases; however, growing interest is currently focused on immune cells of the innate compartment, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells in the initiation phases of autoimmunity. Here we reviewed recent advances in the onset and regulation of Graves' and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, vitiligo, and multiple sclerosis in relation to the role of innate immune cells and their crosstalk with vitamin D and acquired immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Denisa Baci
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Natasa Kustrimovic
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease—CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nicola Lanzo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Bohdan Patera
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence:
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16
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Szulc M, Świątkowska-Stodulska R, Pawłowska E, Derwich M. Vitamin D 3 Metabolism and Its Role in Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4080. [PMID: 36835491 PMCID: PMC9964750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to present the metabolism of vitamin D3, as well as to discuss the role of vitamin D3 in bone metabolism, temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA), and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) on the basis of the literature. Vitamin D3 plays a significant role in human health, as it affects the calcium-phosphate balance and regulates the bone metabolism. Calcitriol impresses the pleiotropic effect on human biology and metabolism. Its modulative function upon the immune system is based on the reduction of Th1 cell activity and increased immunotolerance. Vitamin D3 deficiency may lead to an imbalance in the relationship between Th1/Th17 and Th2, Th17/Th reg, and is considered by some authors as one of the possible backgrounds of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), e.g., Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease. Moreover, vitamin D3, through its direct and indirect influence on bones and joints, may also play an important role in the development and progression of degenerative joint diseases, including temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Further randomized, double blind studies are needed to unequivocally confirm the relationship between vitamin D3 and abovementioned diseases and to answer the question concerning whether vitamin D3 supplementation may be used in the prevention and/or treatment of either AITD or OA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szulc
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Renata Świątkowska-Stodulska
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pawłowska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Derwich
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Łódź, Poland
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17
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Genomic or Non-Genomic? A Question about the Pleiotropic Roles of Vitamin D in Inflammatory-Based Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030767. [PMID: 36771473 PMCID: PMC9920355 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (vit D) is widely known for its role in calcium metabolism and its importance for the bone system. However, various studies have revealed a myriad of extra-skeletal functions, including cell differentiation and proliferation, antibacterial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties in various cells and tissues. Vit D mediates its function via regulation of gene expression by binding to its receptor (VDR) which is expressed in almost all cells within the body. This review summarizes the pleiotropic effects of vit D, emphasizing its anti-inflammatory effect on different organ systems. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic and epigenetic effects of vit D and VDR on the expression of genes pertaining to immunity and anti-inflammation. We speculate that in the context of inflammation, vit D and its receptor VDR might fulfill their roles as gene regulators through not only direct gene regulation but also through epigenetic mechanisms.
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18
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Zhu Y, Li L, Li P. Vitamin D in gestational diabetes: a broadened frontier. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 537:51-59. [PMID: 36191611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is very common among women of reproductive age, even during pregnancy. Different studies have yielded vastly different results regarding whether vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy affects the development and progression of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), glycemic control in patients with hyperglycemia, and maternal-fetal outcomes. In addition, concerns, such as the mechanisms underlying the effect of vitamin D deficiency on glucose metabolism during pregnancy, efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the risk of developing GDM, and recommended supplemental dose of vitamin D, are yet to be elucidated. This article reviewed the latest domestic and international studies in this field, with a focus on the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and GDM, their underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and the role of vitamin D intervention in the prevention and treatment of GDM. We recommend vitamin D supplementation as soon as possible for all pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency, especially those with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Perazzi M, Gallina E, Manfredi GF, Patrucco F, Acquaviva A, Colangelo D, Pirisi M, Bellan M. Vitamin D in Systemic Sclerosis: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193908. [PMID: 36235561 PMCID: PMC9573213 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In the present paper we aimed to review the evidence about the potential implication of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and management of systemic sclerosis (SSc); (2) Methods: we performed a review of the literature looking for studies evaluating the potential role of vitamin D and its analogs in SSc. We searched the PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane libraries using the following strings: (vitamin D OR cholecalciferol) AND (systemic sclerosis OR scleroderma). We included cohort studies, case-control studies, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies. (3) Results: we identified nine pre-clinical and 21 clinical studies. Pre-clinical data suggest that vitamin D and its analogs may suppress fibrogenesis. Clinical data are concordant in reporting a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and osteoporosis in SSc patients; data about the association with clinical manifestations and phenotypes of SSc are, conversely, far less consistent; (4) Conclusions: in vitro data suggest that vitamin D may play an antifibrotic role in SSc, but clinical data confirming this finding are currently lacking. Hypovitaminosis D is common among SSc patients and should be treated to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Perazzi
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Enrico Gallina
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Francesca Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Filippo Patrucco
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonio Acquaviva
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Donato Colangelo
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine (DIMET), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, “AOU Maggiore della Carità”, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321-3737512
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20
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An Update on the Effects of Vitamin D on the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179784. [PMID: 36077185 PMCID: PMC9456003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D intervenes in calcium and phosphate metabolism and bone homeostasis. Experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) generates immunologic activities on the innate and adaptive immune system and endothelial membrane stability. Low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with an increased risk of developing immune-related diseases such as psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diseases. Various clinical trials describe the efficacy of supplementation of vitamin D and its metabolites for treating these diseases that result in variable outcomes. Different disease outcomes are observed in treatment with vitamin D as high inter-individual difference is present with complex gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, it is still not fully known what level of serum 25(OH)D is needed. The current recommendation is to increase vitamin D intake and have enough sunlight exposure to have serum 25(OH)D at a level of 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) and better at 40–60 ng/mL (100–150 nmol/L) to obtain the optimal health benefits of vitamin D.
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21
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 1,25(OH)2D/Calcitriol in T Cell Immunity: Does Sex Make a Difference? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169164. [PMID: 36012424 PMCID: PMC9409030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D is involved in various inflammatory, infectious and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Moreover, the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, has been shown to modulate the immune response, playing an anti-inflammatory effect. However little is known about the mechanisms underlying this anti-inflammatory effect and the potential sex differences of calcitriol immune regulation. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate whether calcitriol could act differently in modulating T cell immunity of age-matched male and female healthy donors. We analyzed the effects of calcitriol in T lymphocytes from healthy women and men on the expression levels of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. We showed that a treatment with calcitriol induced a significant increase in the VDR expression levels of activated T lymphocytes from male and female healthy subjects. Moreover, we found that calcitriol significantly reduced the expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17, INF-γ and TNF-α in the T lymphocytes of both sexes. Notably, we observed that calcitriol induced a significant increase in the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 only in the T lymphocytes from female healthy donors. In conclusion, our study provides new insights regarding the sex-specific anti-inflammatory role of calcitriol in T cell immunity.
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22
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Amon U, Yaguboglu R, Ennis M, Holick MF, Amon J. Safety Data in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases during Treatment with High Doses of Vitamin D3 According to the “Coimbra Protocol”. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081575. [PMID: 35458137 PMCID: PMC9033096 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In 2013, the group of Cicero Coimbra, Brazil, reported the clinical efficacy of high doses of vitamin D3 in patients suffering from autoimmune skin disorders (“Coimbra protocol”, CP). However, hypercalcemia and the subsequent impaired renal function may be major concerns raised against this protocol. Methods: We report for the first time for a broad spectrum of autoimmune diseases in 319 patients (mean age (±SD) 43.3 ± 14.6 years, 65.5% female, 34.5% male) safety data for high doses of orally applied vitamin D3 (treatment period: up to 3.5 years) accompanied by a strict low-calcium diet and regular daily fluid intake of at least 2.5 L. Results: Mean vitamin D3 dose was 35,291 ± 21,791 IU per day. The measurement of more than 6100 single relevant laboratory parameters showed all mean values (±SD) within the normal range for total serum calcium (2.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L), serum creatinine (0.8 ± 0.2 mg/dL), serum creatinine associated estimated GFR (92.5 ± 17.3 mL/min), serum cystatin C (0.88 ± 0.19 mg/L), serum TSH (1.8 ± 1 mIU/L), and for 24 h urinary calcium secretion (6.9 ± 3.3 mmol/24 h). We found a very weak relationship between the dosage of oral vitamin D3 and the subsequent calcium levels, both in serum and in urinary excretion over 24 h, respectively. Conclusions: Our data show the reliable safety of the CP in autoimmune patients under appropriate supervision by experienced physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Amon
- International Centre for Skin Diseases DermAllegra, Coimbra Protocol Certified Center, Am Markgrafenpark 6, 91224 Pommelsbrunn-Hohenstadt, Germany; (R.Y.); (J.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9154-914056; Fax: +49-9154-914058
| | - Raul Yaguboglu
- International Centre for Skin Diseases DermAllegra, Coimbra Protocol Certified Center, Am Markgrafenpark 6, 91224 Pommelsbrunn-Hohenstadt, Germany; (R.Y.); (J.A.)
| | - Madeleine Ennis
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK;
| | - Michael F. Holick
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition & Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Julian Amon
- International Centre for Skin Diseases DermAllegra, Coimbra Protocol Certified Center, Am Markgrafenpark 6, 91224 Pommelsbrunn-Hohenstadt, Germany; (R.Y.); (J.A.)
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23
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Bastos TSB, Braga TT, Davanso MR. Vitamin D and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Type 1 Diabetes modulation. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:815-833. [PMID: 34979894 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220103114450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects people globally. Usually developed during childhood, T1D is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells due to immune cell attack and the establishment of an inflammatory process. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D through its nuclear receptor and the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) through their lipid derivatives in T1D modulation. Both components exert anti-inflammatory activity and act directly on cells of the immune system, attenuating the destruction of insulin-producing cells. Furthermore, they lead to a better glycemic level, reducing the need for insulin and a normal immune state, such as C-peptide maintenance. METHOD Presently, our review highlights the significant studies that evaluated the supplementation of vitamin D and ω-3 PUFAs in humans and animal models in the modulation of T1D. CONCLUSION The data collected suggests that supplementation can provide potential benefits, mainly when done early in the diagnosis, since it reduces the need for insulin and the risk of complications generated by the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tárcio Teodoro Braga
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba; Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institute Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz-Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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Niedermaier T, Gredner T, Kuznia S, Schöttker B, Mons U, Brenner H. Potential of Vitamin D Food Fortification in Prevention of Cancer Deaths-A Modeling Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:3986. [PMID: 34836241 PMCID: PMC8621821 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have estimated a 13% reduction of cancer mortality by vitamin D supplementation among older adults. We evaluated if and to what extent similar effects might be expected from vitamin D fortification of foods. We reviewed the literature on RCTs assessing the impact of vitamin D supplementation on cancer mortality, on increases of vitamin D levels by either supplementation or food fortification, and on costs of supplementation or fortification. Then, we derived expected effects on total cancer mortality and related costs and savings from potential implementation of vitamin D food fortification in Germany and compared the results to those for supplementation. In RCTs with vitamin D supplementation in average doses of 820-2000 IU per day, serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D increased by 15-30 nmol/L, respectively. Studies on food fortification found increases by 10-42 nmol/L, thus largely in the range of increases previously demonstrated by supplementation. Fortification is estimated to be considerably less expensive than supplementation. It might be similarly effective as supplementation in reducing cancer mortality and might even achieve such reduction at substantially larger net savings. Although vitamin D overdoses are unlikely in food fortification programs, implementation should be accompanied by a study monitoring the frequency of potentially occurring adverse effects by overdoses, such as hypercalcemia. Future studies on effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation and fortification are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Niedermaier
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.G.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (U.M.)
| | - Thomas Gredner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.G.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (U.M.)
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kuznia
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.G.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (U.M.)
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.G.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (U.M.)
- Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Mons
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.G.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (U.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Cancer Prevention Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.G.); (S.K.); (B.S.); (U.M.)
- Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Gilhus NE, Verschuuren JJGM, Hovland SIB, Simmonds H, Groot F, Palace J. Myasthenia gravis: do not forget the patient perspective. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:S0960-8966(21)00583-6. [PMID: 34635387 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Erik Gilhus
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | - Huw Simmonds
- Myaware, College Business Centre, Derby, England
| | - Floor Groot
- Dutch Neuromuscular disease Association, Baarn, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Hospitals Trust, Oxford, England
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26
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Sadek A, Baban R, Al-Habib M, Khazaali E. Serum vitamin D3 levels in pregnant women with preeclampsia at third trimester of pregnancy. BAGHDAD JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.47419/bjbabs.v2i03.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific condition, characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. One of the hypotheses concerning the etiology of PE is vitamin D3 deficiency during pregnancy. Vitamin D3 is especially important during pregnancy as low maternal vitamin D3 stores may contribute to problems like low birth weight as well as an increased risk of maternal comorbidities.
Objectives: To evaluate serum vitamin D3 levels and how they can be affected by the severity of PE at the third trimester of pregnancy.
Methods: This case-control study included a total of 71 pregnant women at the third trimester of pregnancy (41 with PE and 30 without PE as controls). Vitamin D3 serum level was measured by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: The study’s findings showed no significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level (p>0.05) between controls (14.41±1.41ng/ml) and PE patients (14.32±1.00). As well, subgroup analysis revealed non-considerable changes between mild PE cases (15.92±1.73 ng/ml) and severe ones (13.07±1.09 ng/ml).
Conclusions: PE and its severity may have no significant effect on serum vitamin D3 levels of pregnant women at the third trimester of pregnancy.
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27
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Wu D, Zhang Y, Dong S, Zhong C. Mutual interaction of microbiota and host immunity during health and diseases. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2021; 7:326-340. [PMID: 37287759 PMCID: PMC10233470 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2021.200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota-host interaction has attracted more and more attentions in recent years. The association between microbiota and host health is largely attributed to its influence on host immune system. Microbial-derived antigens and metabolites play a critical role in shaping the host immune system, including regulating its development, activation, and function. However, during various diseases the microbiota-host communication is frequently found to be disordered. In particular, gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with or led to the occurrence and progression of infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, and neurological diseases. Pathogenic microbes and their metabolites disturb the protective function of immune system, and lead to disordered immune responses that usually correlate with disease exacerbation. In the other hand, the immune system also regulates microbiota composition to keep host homeostasis. Here, we will discuss the current advances of our knowledge about the interactions between microbiota and host immune system during health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yinlian Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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28
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Niedermaier T, Gredner T, Kuznia S, Schöttker B, Mons U, Brenner H. Vitamin D supplementation to the older adult population in Germany has the cost-saving potential of preventing almost 30 000 cancer deaths per year. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1986-1994. [PMID: 33540476 PMCID: PMC8333776 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated significant reduction in cancer mortality by vitamin D supplementation. We estimated costs and savings for preventing cancer deaths by vitamin D supplementation of the population aged 50+ years in Germany. Our analysis is based on national data on cancer mortality in 2016. The number of preventable cancer deaths was estimated by multiplying cancer deaths above age 50 with the estimated proportionate reduction in cancer mortality derived by vitamin D supplementation according to meta-analyses of RCTs (13%). Saved costs were estimated by multiplying this number by estimated end-of-life cancer care costs (€40 000). Annual costs of vitamin D supplementation were estimated at 25€ per person above age 50. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses were conducted. In the main analysis, vitamin D supplementation was estimated to prevent almost 30 000 cancer deaths per year at approximate costs of €900 million and savings of €1.154 billion, suggesting net savings of €254 million. Our results support promotion of supplementation of vitamin D among older adults as a cost-saving approach to substantially reduce cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Niedermaier
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Thomas Gredner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Medical Faculty HeidelbergUniversity of HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sabine Kuznia
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Medical Faculty HeidelbergUniversity of HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Network Aging Research (NAR)University of HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ute Mons
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Cancer Prevention UnitGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Network Aging Research (NAR)University of HeidelbergGermany
- Division of Preventive OncologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
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29
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Bhagavati S. Autoimmune Disorders of the Nervous System: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, and Therapy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:664664. [PMID: 33935958 PMCID: PMC8079742 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.664664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable discoveries over the last two decades have elucidated the autoimmune basis of several, previously poorly understood, neurological disorders. Autoimmune disorders of the nervous system may affect any part of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system, CNS) and also the peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction and skeletal muscle (peripheral nervous system, PNS). This comprehensive overview of this rapidly evolving field presents the factors which may trigger breakdown of self-tolerance and development of autoimmune disease in some individuals. Then the pathophysiological basis and clinical features of autoimmune diseases of the nervous system are outlined, with an emphasis on the features which are important to recognize for accurate clinical diagnosis. Finally the latest therapies for autoimmune CNS and PNS disorders and their mechanisms of action and the most promising research avenues for targeted immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyakam Bhagavati
- Department of Neurology, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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30
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Pagnini C, Picchianti-Diamanti A, Bruzzese V, Lorenzetti R, Luchetti MM, Martin Martin LS, Pica R, Scolieri P, Scribano ML, Zampaletta C, Chimenti MS, Lagana B. Vitamin D Signaling in Gastro-Rheumatology: From Immuno-Modulation to Potential Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052456. [PMID: 33671090 PMCID: PMC7957646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the comprehension of the pathophysiology of bone metabolism and its interconnections with multiple homeostatic processes has been consistently expanded. The branch of osteoimmunology specifically investigating the link between bone and immune system has been developed. Among molecular mediators potentially relevant in this field, vitamin D has been recently pointed out, and abnormalities of the vitamin D axis have been described in both in vitro and in vivo models of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and arthritis. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency has been reported in patients affected by IBD and chronic inflammatory arthritis, thus suggesting the intriguing possibility of impacting the disease activity by the administration vitamin D supplements. In the present review, the complex interwoven link between vitamin D signaling, gut barrier integrity, microbiota composition, and the immune system was examined. Potential clinical application exploiting vitamin D pathway in the context of IBD and arthritis is presented and critically discussed. A more detailed comprehension of the vitamin D effects and interactions at molecular level would allow one to achieve a novel therapeutic approach in gastro-rheumatologic inflammatory diseases through the design of specific trials and the optimization of treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Pagnini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, S. Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Picchianti-Diamanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincenzo Bruzzese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Roberto Lorenzetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Michele Maria Luchetti
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | | | - Roberta Pica
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, 00157 Rome, Italy;
| | - Palma Scolieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Gastroenterology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, 00153 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (R.L.); (P.S.)
| | | | | | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00187 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bruno Lagana
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy;
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31
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Zhao R, Zhang W, Ma C, Zhao Y, Xiong R, Wang H, Chen W, Zheng SG. Immunomodulatory Function of Vitamin D and Its Role in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:574967. [PMID: 33679732 PMCID: PMC7933459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.574967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is one of the most important nutrients required by the human body. It is a steroid hormone that plays an important role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and bone health. Epidemiological studies have revealed a close correlation between vitamin D and many common chronic diseases. Additionally, vitamin D has recently been shown to act as an immunomodulatory hormone, and, accordingly, vitamin D deficiency was uncovered as a risk factor for autoimmune thyroid diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. It is therefore necessary to disclose the role and mechanism of action of vitamin D in the occurrence and development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. This knowledge will help design intervention and early treatment strategies for patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases who present with low levels of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chenghong Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hanmin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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32
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Kono M, Nagafuchi Y, Shoda H, Fujio K. The Impact of Obesity and a High-Fat Diet on Clinical and Immunological Features in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020504. [PMID: 33557015 PMCID: PMC7913625 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with multiple organ involvement predominantly affecting women of childbearing age. Environmental factors, as well as genetic predisposition, can cause immunological disturbances that manifest as SLE. A habitual high-fat diet and obesity have recently been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The frequency of obesity is higher in patients with SLE than in general populations. Vitamin D and adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, are possible mediators connecting obesity and SLE. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels are elevated in patients with SLE and can impact innate and adaptive immunity. Vitamin D deficiency is commonly observed in SLE. Because vitamin D can modulate the functionality of various immune cells, we review vitamin D supplementation and its effects on the course of clinical disease in this work. We also discuss high-fat diets coinciding with alterations of the gut microbiome, or dysbiosis. Contingent upon dietary habits, microbiota can be conducive to the maintenance of immune homeostasis. A high-fat diet can give rise to dysbiosis, and patients who are affected by obesity and/or have SLE possess less diverse microbiota. Interestingly, a hypothesis about dysbiosis and the development of SLE has been suggested and reviewed here.
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Abstract
Over the last decades, a central role for vitamin D in immune modulation has been well established. The active form of vitamin D, i.e., 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, through the interaction with vitamin D receptor, exerts different activities on the innate and adaptive immune system, among which suppression of inflammation and promotion of tolerogenic responses. Vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to autoimmune disorders that commonly display significant differences between females and males due to genetic, epigenetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Notably, a number of studies recently showed a cross-talk between vitamin D and the sex hormone estrogen. Estrogen-mediated effects on immune response may favor a Th1 profile or a Th2 profile, depending on hormone concentration. Thus, estrogen-mediated effects appear to be variable on autoimmunity depending on its concentration but also on the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the different autoimmune diseases (i.e., Th1- or Th2-mediated diseases). Notably, estrogen has been demonstrated to enhance vitamin D function favoring its accumulation, and increasing the expression of vitamin D receptor, thus resulting in a more potent anti-inflammatory response in females than males. On the other hand, vitamin D has been shown to downregulate in immune cells the expression of aromatase, which converts testosterone to estrogen, leading to a decrease in estrogen level. Overall, available data allow us to hypothesize a higher protective effect of vitamin D-based therapeutic approaches in women, at least in fertile age, than in men. Future studies are needed to expand current knowledge on the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in a sex and gender perspective, paving the way to a more personalized therapeutic approach in autoimmune diseases.
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Torres Dominguez EA, Meza Peñafiel A, Gómez Pedraza A, Martínez Leo EE. Molecular mechanisms from insulin-mimetic effect of vitamin D: treatment alternative in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Food Funct 2021; 12:6682-6690. [PMID: 34165135 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03230a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex and multifactorial disease with a global prevalence that exceeds 425 million people. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by a state of insulin resistance, which leads to metabolic alterations that aggravate the state of health of people. Vitamin D deficiency appears to play an important role in the triggering mechanisms of insulin resistance. In this review, an analysis is made of the biochemical mechanisms associated with the insulin-mimetic effect of vitamin D, its supplementation being a possible nutritional strategy for the T2DM treatment. The current scientific evidence is extensive regarding the dose of vitamin D used for an insulin-mimetic effect. However, clinical trials and systematic reviews show statistical differences on glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin levels of patients with T2DM, associated with activation mechanisms of transcription factors related to genes of the glucide metabolism and the insulin receptor, and the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ insulin concentrations. Likewise, an indirect mechanism associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects has been shown that also leads to sensitivity to the insulin receptor. The use of a specific dose of vitamin D could be an effective alternative in the T2DM treatment, which would reduce the risk of complications derived from hyperglycemia.
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Gärtner R. [Update Vitamin D: Supplementation when and why?]. MMW Fortschr Med 2020; 162:68-75. [PMID: 33164193 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-020-4406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Gärtner
- udwig-Maximilians-Universität, Endokrinologie, Medizinische Klinik IV, Innenstadt, München, Germany.
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Li L, Liu S, Yu J. Autoimmune thyroid disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus: same pathogenesis; new perspective? Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820958329. [PMID: 32973994 PMCID: PMC7493255 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820958329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are two common autoimmune diseases that can occur concomitantly. In general, patients with diabetes have a high risk of AITD. It has been proposed that a complex genetic basis together with multiple nongenetic factors make a variable contribution to the pathogenesis of T1DM and AITD. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge in the field regarding potential pathogenic factors of T1DM and AITD, including human leukocyte antigen, autoimmune regulator, lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase, forkhead box protein P3, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen, infection, vitamin D deficiency, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand. These findings offer an insight into future immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shudong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxia Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, 181 Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, 277500, People’s Republic of China
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Savastio S, Cinquatti R, Tagliaferri F, Rabbone I, Bona G. Vitamin D effects and endocrine diseases. Minerva Pediatr 2020; 72:326-339. [PMID: 32506881 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.20.05915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A lack of vitamin D has been linked to autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroiditis and to obesity. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is higher in diabetic or obese children and patients with thyroiditis compared to healthy controls. Moreover, low vitamin D values seem to be associated with major complications and poor glycemic control, in particular in obese children. Supplementation with vitamin D, which has immune-regulatory properties, may support our therapies and improve the outcomes in different diseases. Although some studies suggest a possible role of vitamin D in the etiology of autoimmune diseases and obesity, data on supplementation benefits are inconclusive and further studies are needed. In this paper, we focus on the current evidence regarding vitamin D function in endocrine diseases and possible benefits of its supplementation in pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Savastio
- Unit of Pediatrics, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy -
| | - Roberta Cinquatti
- Unit of Pediatrics, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Tagliaferri
- Unit of Pediatrics, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- Unit of Pediatrics, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- Unit of Pediatrics, Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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Savastio S, Pozzi E, Tagliaferri F, Degrandi R, Cinquatti R, Rabbone I, Bona G. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Risk: which Implications in Children? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3536. [PMID: 32429489 PMCID: PMC7279000 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (25OHD) pleiotropic effects are widely recognized and studied. Recently, vitamin D cardiovascular effects are gaining interest, especially in children, although the studies present conflicting data. Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated that cardiovascular risk markers, such as lipid parameters, inflammation markers, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness, are unaffected by vitamin D supplementation. By contrast, other studies show that low vitamin D levels are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality, and support that increased risk of these diseases occurs primarily in people with vitamin D deficiency. An update on these points in pediatric patients is certainly of interest to focus on possible benefits of its supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Savastio
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Erica Pozzi
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Francesco Tagliaferri
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Roberta Degrandi
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Roberta Cinquatti
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (E.P.); (F.T.); (R.D.); (R.C.); (I.R.); (G.B.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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