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Cicio A, Aloi N, Sut S, Longo V, Terracina F, Dall’Acqua S, Zizzo MG, Bruno M, Ilardi V, Colombo P, Luparello C, Serio R. Chemical Characterization, Free Radical Scavenging, and Cellular Antioxidant Properties of the Egadi Island Endemic Brassica macrocarpa Guss Leaf Extract. Biomolecules 2024; 14:636. [PMID: 38927041 PMCID: PMC11201591 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Brassica is an important source of food in the Mediterranean diet with documented nutritional and medicinal properties. However, few studies have investigated the phytochemical composition and the biological activity of wild Sicilian taxa. Thus, we aimed to study the chemical profile and the antioxidant potential, in vitro and in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, of a methanolic extract of leaves of wild Brassica macrocarpa Guss (B. macrocarpa) (Egadi Islands; Sicily-Italy). B. macrocarpa methanolic extract showed a large amount of glucosinolates and different phenolic compounds. It exhibited antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay and in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, being able to reduce NO and ROS levels and NOS2 mRNA expression. Our study demonstrated that Sicilian B. macrocarpa methanolic extract, in LPS-stimulated macrophages, efficiently counteracts oxidative stress and displays radical scavenging activity. Future studies are required to identify the contribution of the single phytocomponents, to characterize the action mechanism, and to reveal possible applications in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Cicio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Noemi Aloi
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (N.A.); (V.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Valeria Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (N.A.); (V.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Francesca Terracina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Stefano Dall’Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Maria Grazia Zizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
- ATeN (Advanced Technologies Network) Center, Viale delle Scienze, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ilardi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (N.A.); (V.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
- NBFC—National Biodiversity Future Center, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (F.T.); (M.B.); (C.L.); (R.S.)
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Shinali TS, Zhang Y, Altaf M, Nsabiyeze A, Han Z, Shi S, Shang N. The Valorization of Wastes and Byproducts from Cruciferous Vegetables: A Review on the Potential Utilization of Cabbage, Cauliflower, and Broccoli Byproducts. Foods 2024; 13:1163. [PMID: 38672834 PMCID: PMC11049176 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of vegetable waste and byproducts is a global challenge in the agricultural industry. As a commonly consumed vegetable crop, cruciferous vegetables marked higher amounts of wastage during their supply chain processes, with a significant contribution from cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli. Therefore, the sustainable and resource-efficient utilization of discarded materials is crucial. This review explores potential applications of cruciferous vegetable waste and byproducts, spotlighting cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli in food, medicinal, and other industries. Their significance of being utilized in value-added applications is addressed, emphasizing important biomolecules, technologies involved in the valorization process, and future aspects of practical applications. Cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli generate waste and low-processing byproducts, including leaves, stems, stalks, and rot. Most of them contain high-value biomolecules, including bioactive proteins and phytochemicals, glucosinolates, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and tocopherols. Interestingly, isothiocyanates, derived from glucosinolates, exhibit strong anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity through various interactions with cellular molecules and the modulation of key signaling pathways in cells. Therefore, these cruciferous-based residues can be valorized efficiently through various innovative extraction and biotransformation techniques, as well as employing different biorefinery approaches. This not only minimizes environmental impact but also contributes to the development of high-value-added products for food, medicinal, and other related industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi S. Shinali
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.S.S.); (Y.Z.); (A.N.); (Z.H.)
| | - Yiying Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.S.S.); (Y.Z.); (A.N.); (Z.H.)
| | - Moater Altaf
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Assa Nsabiyeze
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.S.S.); (Y.Z.); (A.N.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zixin Han
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.S.S.); (Y.Z.); (A.N.); (Z.H.)
| | - Shuyuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Nan Shang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (T.S.S.); (Y.Z.); (A.N.); (Z.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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3
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Rizwan D, Masoodi FA. Brassica-derived isothiocyanates as anticancer therapeutic agents and their nanodelivery. Phytother Res 2024; 38:331-348. [PMID: 37882581 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The isothiocyanates (ITCs) derived from the precursor glucosinolate molecules present in Brassica vegetables are bioactive organo-sulfur compounds with numerous pharmacologically important properties such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer. Over the years, ITCs have been the focus of several research investigations associated with cancer treatment. Due to their potent chemo-preventive action, ITCs have been considered to be promising therapeutics for cancer therapy in place of the already existing conventional anticancer drugs. However, their wide spread use at the clinical stage is greatly restricted due to several factors such as low solubility in an aqueous medium, low bioavailability, low stability, and hormetic effect. To overcome these hindrances, nanotechnology can be exploited to develop nano-scale delivery systems that have the potential to enhance stability, and bioavailability and minimize the hermetic effect of ITCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danish Rizwan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Farooq Ahmad Masoodi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Singla RK, Wang X, Gundamaraju R, Joon S, Tsagkaris C, Behzad S, Khan J, Gautam R, Goyal R, Rakmai J, Dubey AK, Simal-Gandara J, Shen B. Natural products derived from medicinal plants and microbes might act as a game-changer in breast cancer: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11880-11924. [PMID: 35838143 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2097196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent neoplasm among women. Genetic and environmental factors lead to BC development and on this basis, several preventive - screening and therapeutic interventions have been developed. Hormones, both in the form of endogenous hormonal signaling or hormonal contraceptives, play an important role in BC pathogenesis and progression. On top of these, breast microbiota includes both species with an immunomodulatory activity enhancing the host's response against cancer cells and species producing proinflammatory cytokines associated with BC development. Identification of novel multitargeted therapeutic agents with poly-pharmacological potential is a dire need to combat advanced and metastatic BC. A growing body of research has emphasized the potential of natural compounds derived from medicinal plants and microbial species as complementary BC treatment regimens, including dietary supplements and probiotics. In particular, extracts from plants such as Artemisia monosperma Delile, Origanum dayi Post, Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny, Krameria lappacea (Dombey) Burdet & B.B. Simpson and metabolites extracted from microbes such as Deinococcus radiodurans and Streptomycetes strains as well as probiotics like Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus brevis MK05 have exhibited antitumor effects in the form of antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, increase in tumors' chemosensitivity, antioxidant activity and modulation of BC - associated molecular pathways. Further, bioactive compounds like 3,3'-diindolylmethane, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, rutin, resveratrol, lycopene, sulforaphane, silibinin, rosmarinic acid, and shikonin are of special interest for the researchers and clinicians because these natural agents have multimodal action and act via multiple ways in managing the BC and most of these agents are regularly available in our food and fruit diets. Evidence from clinical trials suggests that such products had major potential in enhancing the effectiveness of conventional antitumor agents and decreasing their side effects. We here provide a comprehensive review of the therapeutic effects and mechanistic underpinnings of medicinal plants and microbial metabolites in BC management. The future perspectives on the translation of these findings to the personalized treatment of BC are provided and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Lab, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shikha Joon
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sahar Behzad
- Evidence-based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rupesh Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur, Haryana, India
| | - Rajat Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur, Haryana, India
| | - Jaruporn Rakmai
- Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute (KAPI), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Amato A. Natural Compounds and Healthy Foods: Useful Tools against Onset and Progression of Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:2898. [PMID: 37447224 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Special Issue (SI) in Nutrients, titled "Natural Compounds and Healthy Foods: New Strategy to Counteract Chronic Diseases", deals with the beneficial effects of some natural bioactive substances and the relative action mechanisms, providing evidence for the potential to counteract some chronic diseases (CD) [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Amato
- Department of Biological-Chemical-Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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Kim SH, Subramanian P, Hahn BS. Glucosinolate Diversity Analysis in Choy Sum ( Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis var. parachinensis) Germplasms for Functional Food Breeding. Foods 2023; 12:2400. [PMID: 37372611 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze glucosinolates (GSLs) in germplasm that are currently conserved at the RDA-Genebank. The analysis focused on the glucosinolate diversity among the analyzed germplasms, with the goal of identifying those that would be most useful for future breeding efforts to produce nutritionally rich Choy sum plants. In total, 23 accessions of Choy sums that possessed ample background passport information were selected. On analyzing the glucosinolate content for 17 different glucosinolates, we observed aliphatic GSLs to be the most common (89.45%) and aromatic GSLs to be the least common (6.94%) of the total glucosinolates detected. Among the highly represented aliphatic GSLs, gluconapin and glucobrassicanapin were found to contribute the most (>20%), and sinalbin, glucoraphanin, glucoraphasatin, and glucoiberin were detected the least (less than 0.05%). We identified one of the accessions, IT228140, to synthesize high quantities of glucobrassicanapin and progoitrin, which have been reported to contain several therapeutic applications. These conserved germplasms are potential bioresources for breeders, and the availability of information, including therapeutically important glucosinolate content, can help produce plant varieties that can naturally impact public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hoon Kim
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 5487, Republic of Korea
| | - Parthiban Subramanian
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 5487, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Bum-Soo Hahn
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 5487, Republic of Korea
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Mandrich L, Piccolella S, Esposito AV, Costa S, Mercadante V, Pacifico S, Caputo E. Different Extraction Procedures Revealed the Anti-Proliferation Activity from Vegetable Semi-Purified Sources on Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1242. [PMID: 37371972 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the leading cause of mortality in women, despite significant advancements in diagnosis. Thus, the identification of new compounds for its treatment is critical. Phytochemicals are known to exhibit anti-cancer properties. Here, we investigated the anti-proliferation potential of extracts from carrot, Calendula officinalis flower, and Aloe vera on breast cancer vs. epithelial cell lines. Various extraction methods were used, and the proliferative effect of the resulting extracts was assessed by proliferation assay on breast cancer and epithelial cell lines. Carrot, Aloe leaf, and Calendula flower extracts were extracted by hexane and methanol methods, and their semi-purified extracts were able to specifically inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines. The extract composition was investigated by colorimetric assays, UHPLC-HRMS, and MS/MS analysis. All the extracts contained monogalactosyl-monoacylglycerol (MGMG), while digalactosyl-monoacylglycerol (DGMG) and aloe-emodin were found in Aloe, and glycerophosphocholine (GPC) derivatives were identified in Calendula, except for the isomer 2 detected in carrot, suggesting that their observed different anti-proliferative properties may be associated with the different lipid compounds. Interestingly, Calendula extract was able to strongly inhibit the triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line proliferation (about 20% cell survival), supporting MGMG and GPC derivatives as potential drugs for this BC subtype treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mandrich
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems-IRET-CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Department for Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonia Valeria Esposito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-IGB-CNR, "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-IGB-CNR, "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mercadante
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-IGB-CNR, "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department for Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Emilia Caputo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-IGB-CNR, "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Gasmi A, Gasmi Benahmed A, Shanaida M, Chirumbolo S, Menzel A, Anzar W, Arshad M, Cruz-Martins N, Lysiuk R, Beley N, Oliinyk P, Shanaida V, Denys A, Peana M, Bjørklund G. Anticancer activity of broccoli, its organosulfur and polyphenolic compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37129118 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2195493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of natural bioactive constituents from various food sources for anticancer purposes has become increasingly popular worldwide. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is on the top of the consumed vegetables by the masses. Its raw matrix contains a plethora of phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, along with rich amounts of vitamins, and minerals. Consumption of broccoli-derived phytochemicals provides strong antioxidant effects, particularly due to its sulforaphane content, while modulating numerous molecules involved in cell cycle regulation, control of apoptosis, and tuning enzyme activity. Thus, the inclusion of broccoli in the daily diet lowers the susceptibility to developing cancers. Numerous studies have underlined the undisputable role of broccoli in the diet as a chemopreventive raw food, owing to the content in sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate produced as a result of hydrolysis of precursor glucosinolates called glucoraphanin. This review will provide evidence supporting the specific role of fresh florets and sprouts of broccoli and its key bioactive constituents in the prevention and treatment of different cancers; a number of studies carried out in the in vitro and in vivo conditions as well as clinical trials were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
- International Congress of Nutritional Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- Société Marocaine de Micronutrition et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Mariia Shanaida
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Wajiha Anzar
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Arshad
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra PRD, Portugal
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Beley
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Petro Oliinyk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Shanaida
- Design of Machine Tools, Instruments and Machines Department, Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | | | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
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Lučić D, Pavlović I, Brkljačić L, Bogdanović S, Farkaš V, Cedilak A, Nanić L, Rubelj I, Salopek-Sondi B. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Kale ( Brassica oleracea L. Var. acephala DC.) and Wild Cabbage ( Brassica incana Ten.) Polyphenolic Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041840. [PMID: 36838827 PMCID: PMC9958672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae are rich in healthy phytochemicals that have a positive impact on human health. The aim of this study was to analyze the phenolic compounds and antioxidant and anticancer potential of traditional Croatian kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) and wild cabbage (Brassica incana Ten.) extracts. The phenolic groups and antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometry, selected phenolic compounds (ferulic acid, sinapic acid, salicylic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin) were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, and anticancer potential was evaluated in vitro using HeLa cells. The extracts of both plant species are rich in phenolic compounds and showed significant antioxidant activity at similar levels. LC-MS/MS detected sinapic acid as the most abundant phenolic acid, followed by ferulic acid, while salicylic acid was present at lower concentrations. A comparative analysis showed that wild cabbage contained significantly more sinapic acid, while kale contained more kaempferol and quercetin. Both Brassica extracts at a concentration of 50 µg mL-1 showed an antiproliferative effect on HeLa cells, while they did not affect the proliferation of normal human skin fibroblasts. Wild cabbage extract also showed an antiproliferative effect on HeLa cells at a lower applied concentration of 10 µg mL-1 of extracts. The clonogenic analysis also revealed the inhibitory effect of the extracts on HeLa colony growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Lučić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija Brkljačić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandro Bogdanović
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Farkaš
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Cedilak
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucia Nanić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Rubelj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4561143
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Casajús V, Howe K, Fish T, Civello P, Thannhauser T, Li L, Gómez Lobato M, Martínez G. Evidence of glucosinolates translocation from inflorescences to stems during postharvest storage of broccoli. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 195:322-329. [PMID: 36669347 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Broccoli is a vegetable appreciated by consumers for its nutritional properties, particularly for its high glucosinolate (GLS) content. However, broccoli shows a high rate of senescence during postharvest and the GLS content in inflorescences decreases sharply. Usually, postharvest studies on broccoli focus on inflorescences, ignoring the other tissues harvested such as the stems and main stalk. In this work, GLS metabolism in whole heads of broccoli (including inflorescences, small stems and stalk) was analysed during postharvest senescence. The content of GLS content, expression of GLS metabolic genes, and expression of GLS transport-associated genes were measured in the three parts of harvested broccoli. A marked decrease in the content of all GLSs was detected in inflorescences, but an increase in the stems and stalk. Also, decreased expressions of GLS biosynthesis and degradation genes were detected in all tissues analysed. On the other hand, an increase in the expression of one of the genes involved in GLS transport was observed. These results suggest that GLSs would be transported from inflorescences to stems during postharvest senescence. From a commercial point of view, broccoli stems are usually discarded and not used as food. However, the accumulation of GLSs in the stems is an important factor to consider when contemplating potential commercial use of this part of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Casajús
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE) UNLP-CONICET, 113 and 61, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Kevin Howe
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tara Fish
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Pedro Civello
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE) UNLP-CONICET, 113 and 61, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Theodore Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - María Gómez Lobato
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE) UNLP-CONICET, 113 and 61, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Martínez
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE) UNLP-CONICET, 113 and 61, 1900, La Plata, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
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11
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'Superfoods': Reliability of the Information for Consumers Available on the Web. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030546. [PMID: 36766074 PMCID: PMC9914617 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The term 'superfoods', used frequently with marketing purposes, is usually associated with foodstuffs with beneficial health properties. 'Superfoods' appears in many information sources, including digital media. The information they provide is easily accessible for consumers through Internet search engines. The objective of this work is to investigate the data that web pages offer to consumers and their accuracy according to current scientific knowledge. The two main search engines were utilized for English language websites search, introducing the term 'superfoods'. In total, 124 search results were found. After applying the selection criteria, 45 web pages were studied. A total of 136 foods were considered as 'superfoods' by sites; 10 of them (kale, spinach, salmon, blueberries, avocado, chia, walnuts, beans, fermented milks and garlic) were mentioned on at least 15 sites. Nutritional and healthy properties displayed on sites were compared to scientific information. In conclusion, websites present the information in a very simplified manner and it is generally not wrong. However, they should offer to consumers comprehensible information without raising false expectations regarding health benefits. In any case, 'superfoods' consumption can have salutary effects as part of a balanced diet.
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12
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Extraction, Isolation of Bioactive Compounds and Therapeutic Potential of Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.). MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248824. [PMID: 36557956 PMCID: PMC9781536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a herbaceous annual plant of the Cruciferous family, the Cabbage genus. This oilseed crop is widely used in many areas of industry and agriculture. High-quality oil obtained from rapeseed can be found in many industrial food products. To date, extracts with a high content of biologically active substances are obtained from rapeseed using modern extraction methods. Brassica napus L. seeds contain polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, phytosterols, flavonoids, vitamins, glucosinolates and microelements. The data in this review show that rapeseed biocompounds have therapeutic effects in the treatment of various types of diseases. Some studies indicate that rapeseed can be used as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hypoglycemic and anticancer agent. In the pharmaceutical industry, using rapeseed as an active ingredient may help to develop new forms drugs with wide range of therapeutic effects. This review focuses on aspects of the extraction of biocompounds from rapeseed and the study of its pharmacological properties.
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Singh R, Devi R, Kaur Sarao N. Generation of doubled haploids in cauliflower. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12095. [PMID: 36506371 PMCID: PMC9730131 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrids of cauliflower are in high demand world over due to their high yield potential, earliness, better quality, better resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Conventionally, hybrids are developed from the intercrossing of two diverse inbred parental lines which are developed through continuous inbreeding for 8-10 generations and still don't attain complete homozygosity. Doubled haploid technology on the other hand generate completely homozygous inbred lines in a single step. Therefore, a study was undertaken at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, to develop a protocol for the development of doubled haploid lines in cauliflower. The anthers were excised from the flower buds of different genotypes viz. Jyoti, Pusa Sharad, Kartiki, CAUMH-2, CAUMH-10, LS-2, LS-3, and LS-5 followed by their culture on five different callus induction media compositions. Genotypes differed significantly in the ability to induce callus which was maximum in Jyoti followed by LS-2. Different media compositions also varied significantly in callus induction efficiency which was maximum on MS media+1.5 mg/L 2,4-D +1.0 mg/L NAA. Maximum shoot regeneration was recorded in genotype Kartiki followed by LS-2 when cultured on MS media+3.0 mg/L BAP+2.0 mg/L Kin. The regenerated shoots thus obtained were rooted on ½ MS media +1.0 mg/L IBA. Ploidy analysis of root tips revealed that 22.2% of the regenerated plantlets were haploids, 27.8% were spontaneous doubled haploids, 16.7% were tetraploids and remaining 33.3% were mixoploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Singh
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ruma Devi
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India,Corresponding author.
| | - Navraj Kaur Sarao
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Zheng S, Szymański J, Shahaf N, Malitsky S, Meir S, Wang X, Aharoni A, Rogachev I. Metabolic diversity in a collection of wild and cultivated Brassica rapa subspecies. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:953189. [DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.953189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa (B. rapa) and its subspecies contain many bioactive metabolites that are important for plant defense and human health. This study aimed at investigating the metabolite composition and variation among a large collection of B. rapa genotypes, including subspecies and their accessions. Metabolite profiling of leaves of 102 B. rapa genotypes was performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS/MS). In total, 346 metabolites belonging to different chemical classes were tentatively identified; 36 out of them were assigned with high confidence using authentic standards and 184 were those reported in B. rapa leaves for the first time. The accumulation and variation of metabolites among genotypes were characterized and compared to their phylogenetic distance. We found 47 metabolites, mostly representing anthocyanins, flavonols, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives that displayed a significant correlation to the phylogenetic relatedness and determined four major phylometabolic branches; 1) Chinese cabbage, 2) yellow sarson and rapid cycling, 3) the mizuna-komatsuna-turnip-caitai; and 4) a mixed cluster. These metabolites denote the selective pressure on the metabolic network during B. rapa breeding. We present a unique study that combines metabolite profiling data with phylogenetic analysis in a large collection of B. rapa subspecies. We showed how selective breeding utilizes the biochemical potential of wild B. rapa leading to highly diverse metabolic phenotypes. Our work provides the basis for further studies on B. rapa metabolism and nutritional traits improvement.
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15
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Yadav N, Singh D, Rawat M, Sangwan N. Novel archetype in cancer therapeutics: exploring prospective of phytonanocarriers. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:324. [PMID: 36276448 PMCID: PMC9569404 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports various types of cancer, their incidence, and prevalence all over the globe. Along with the discovery of novel natural drugs for cancer treatment, these present a promising option which are eco-friendly, safe, and provide better acceptability in comparison to synthetic agents that carries multiple side effects. This paper provides an idea about various nanocarriers and phytochemicals, along with how their solubility and bioavailability can be enhanced in nanocarrier system. This report combines the data from various literature available on public domain including PubMed on research articles, reviews, and along with report from various national and international sites. Specialized metabolites (polyphenols, alkaloids, and steroids etc) from medicinal plants are promising alternatives to existing drugs. Studies have suggested that the treatment of cancer using plant products could be an alternative and a safe option. Studies have shown with the several cell lines as well as animal models, that phytomolecules are important in preventing/treating cancer. Phytochemicals often outperform chemical treatments by modulating a diverse array of cellular signaling pathways, promoting cell cycle arrest, apoptosis activation, and metastatic suppression, among others. However, limited water solubility, bioavailability, and cell penetration limit their potential clinical manifestations. The development of plant extract loaded nanostructures, rendering improved specificity and efficacy at lower concentrations could prove effective. Nanocarriers, such as liposomes, nanostructured lipids, polymers, and metal nanoparticles, have been tested for the delivery of plant products with enhanced effects. Recent advances have achieved improvement in the the stability, solubility, bioavailability, circulation time, and target specificity by nanostructure-mediated delivery of phytochemicals. Nanoparticles have been considered and attempted as a novel, targeted, and safe option. Newer approaches such as phyto-nanocarriers with carbohydrates, lignin, and polymers have been considered even more selective and effective modes of drug delivery in biomedical or diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031 India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
| | - Manju Rawat
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
| | - Neelam Sangwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031 India
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16
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Arnao MB, Cano A, Hernández-Ruiz J. Phytomelatonin: an unexpected molecule with amazing performances in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5779-5800. [PMID: 35029657 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytomelatonin, a multifunctional molecule that has been found to be present in all plants examined to date, has an important role in plants as a modulatory agent (a biostimulator) that improves plant tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stress. We present a review of phytomelatonin that considers its roles in plant metabolism and in particular its interactions with plant hormone network. In the primary metabolism of plants, melatonin improves the rate and efficiency of photosynthesis, as well related factors such as stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, and Rubisco activity. It has also been shown to down-regulate some senescence transcription factors. Melatonin up-regulates many enzyme transcripts related to carbohydrates (including sucrose and starch), amino acids, and lipid metabolism, optimizing N, P, and S uptake. With respect to the secondary metabolism, clear increases in polyphenol, glucosinolate, terpenoid, and alkaloid contents have been described in numerous melatonin-treated plants. Generally, the most important genes of these secondary biosynthesis pathways have been found to be up-regulated by melatonin. The great regulatory capacity of melatonin is a result of its control of the redox and plant hormone networks. Melatonin acts as a plant master regulator, up-/down-regulating different plant hormone levels and signalling, and is a key player in redox homeostasis. It has the capacity to counteract diverse critical situations such as pathogen infections and abiotic stresses, and provide plants with varying degrees of tolerance. We propose possible future applications of melatonin for crop improvement and post-harvest product preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100-Murcia, Spain
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17
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Khalid M, Amayreh M, Sanduka S, Salah Z, Al-Rimawi F, Al-Mazaideh GM, Alanezi AA, Wedian F, Alasmari F, Faris Shalayel MH. Assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of Sisymbrium officinale plant extract. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10477. [PMID: 36105455 PMCID: PMC9465121 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Khalid
- Al Quds-Bard College, Al-Quds University, Abu Dies, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Mousa Amayreh
- Department of Chemistry, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie, Tulkarm, Palestine
| | - Saadi Sanduka
- Al Quds-Bard College, Al-Quds University, Abu Dies, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Zaidoun Salah
- Al Quds-Bard College, Al-Quds University, Abu Dies, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Fuad Al-Rimawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Ghassab M. Al-Mazaideh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkareem A. Alanezi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadel Wedian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 560, Irbid, 22163, Jordan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Wu H, Zheng X, Pan T, Yang X, Chen X, Zhang B, Peng L, Xie C. Dynamic microbiome and metabolome analyses reveal the interaction between gut microbiota and anti-PD-1 based immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:1321-1334. [PMID: 35579980 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a severe disease with high mortality and global incidence. However, the interaction between the gut microbiome and combined immunotherapy for HCC is yet unclear. In this prospective clinical study, patients with unresectable HCC who had not received systemic treatment previously were recruited. Fecal and serum samples were collected at the baseline point and before each subsequent administration as specified. Between October 20, 2019 and February 2, 2021, 61 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 35 patients were finally included in this study. Alpha diversity of fecal samples from patients who responded to immunotherapy was higher than that of non-responders at baseline. However, the prominent alpha-diversity between responders and non-responders became similar as early as week 6 after treatment. The beta diversity of inter-group did not show significant difference at the 9th week after treatment. Alpha-D-Glucose was the only serum metabolite that differed between the responders and non-responders after 3 months. Responder-enriched Ruminococcus showed a positive correlation with serum galactaric acid, while Klebsiella was positively associated with 3-methylindole and lenticin (all P<0.01). The machine learning classifier based on serum metabolites were more able to discriminate HCC patients who potentially benefited from immunotherapy at baseline (AUC 0.793, 95% CI: 0.632-0.954) than the classifier of gut microbiome. In conclusion, gut microbiome biomarkers are associated with the response to anti-PD-1 based immunotherapy in HCC patients. Classifiers based on gut microbiota and serum metabolites are feasible. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingrong Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiyao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Boxiang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chan Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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19
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Hernández-Ruiz J, Ruiz-Cano D, Giraldo-Acosta M, Cano A, Arnao MB. Melatonin in Brassicaceae: Role in Postharvest and Interesting Phytochemicals. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051523. [PMID: 35268624 PMCID: PMC8911641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae plants are of great interest for human consumption due to their wide variety and nutritional qualities. Of the more than 4000 species that make up this family, about a hundred varieties of 6–8 genera are extensively cultivated. One of the most interesting aspects is its high content of glucosinolates, which are plant secondary metabolites with widely demonstrated anti-oncogenic properties that make them healthy. The most relevant Brassicaceae studies related to food and melatonin are examined in this paper. The role of melatonin as a beneficial agent in seedling grown mainly in cabbage and rapeseed and in the postharvest preservation of broccoli is especially analyzed. The beneficial effect of melatonin treatments on the organoleptic properties of these commonly consumed vegetables can be of great interest in the agri-food industry. Melatonin application extends the shelf life of fresh-cut broccoli while maintaining optimal visual and nutritional parameters. In addition, an integrated model indicating the role of melatonin on the organoleptic properties, the biosynthesis of glucosinolates and the regulatory action of these health-relevant compounds with anti-oncogenic activity is presented.
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20
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Melim C, Lauro MR, Pires IM, Oliveira PJ, Cabral C. The Role of Glucosinolates from Cruciferous Vegetables (Brassicaceae) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: From Prevention to Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010190. [PMID: 35057085 PMCID: PMC8777706 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is composed of rapidly renewing cells, which increase the likelihood of cancer. Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed GI cancers and currently stands in second place regarding cancer-related mortality. Unfortunately, the treatment of GI is limited, and few developments have occurred in the field over the years. With this in mind, new therapeutic strategies involving biologically active phytocompounds are being evaluated as anti-cancer agents. Vegetables such as broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and radish, all belonging to the Brassicaceae family, are high in dietary fibre, minerals, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols, and glucosinolates. The latter compound is a secondary metabolite characteristic of this family and, when biologically active, has demonstrated anti-cancer properties. This article reviews the literature regarding the potential of Cruciferous vegetables in the prevention and/or treatment of GI cancers and the relevance of appropriate compound formulations for improving the stability and bioaccessibility of the major Cruciferous compounds, with a particular focus on glucosinolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Melim
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Maria R. Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Isabel M. Pires
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Cabral
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-480-066
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21
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Ngo DN, Ngo DH, Nguyen HM, Nguyen TH, Nguyen TT, Vo TS. Growth inhibitory activity of Brassica oleracea var. Alboglabra on human gastric cancer cells. JOURNAL OF REPORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_119_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Wu X, Chen F, Zhao X, Pang C, Shi R, Liu C, Sun C, Zhang W, Wang X, Zhang J. QTL Mapping and GWAS Reveal the Genetic Mechanism Controlling Soluble Solids Content in Brassica napus Shoots. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102400. [PMID: 34681449 PMCID: PMC8535538 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oilseed-vegetable-dual-purpose (OVDP) rapeseed can effectively alleviate the land contradiction between crops and it supplements vegetable supplies in winter or spring. The soluble solids content (SSC) is an important index that is used to evaluate the quality and sugar content of fruits and vegetables. However, the genetic architecture underlying the SSC in Brassica napus shoots is still unclear. Here, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the SSC in B. napus shoots were investigated by performing linkage mapping using a recombinant inbred line population containing 189 lines. A germplasm set comprising 302 accessions was also used to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The QTL mapping revealed six QTLs located on chromosomes A01, A04, A08, and A09 in two experiments. Among them, two major QTLs, qSSC/21GY.A04-1 and qSSC/21NJ.A08-1, accounted for 12.92% and 10.18% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. In addition, eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms with phenotypic variances between 5.62% and 10.18% were identified by the GWAS method. However, no locus was simultaneously identified by QTL mapping and GWAS. We identified AH174 (7.55 °Brix and 7.9 °Brix), L166 (8.9 °Brix and 8.38 °Brix), and L380 (8.9 °Brix and 7.74 °Brix) accessions can be used as superior parents. These results provide valuable information that increases our understanding of the genetic control of SSC and will facilitate the breeding of high-SSC B. napus shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.W.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (C.P.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (C.P.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xiaozhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (C.P.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chengke Pang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (C.P.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (C.P.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changle Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.W.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (C.P.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Chengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (C.P.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (C.P.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton and Rapeseed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (F.C.); (X.Z.); (C.P.); (R.S.); (C.S.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiefu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (X.W.); (C.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (J.Z.)
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Clerodane Diterpenoids from an Edible Plant Justicia insularis: Discovery, Cytotoxicity, and Apoptosis Induction in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195933. [PMID: 34641476 PMCID: PMC8512812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The toxicity of chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs is a serious issue in clinics. Drug discovery from edible and medicinal plants represents a promising approach towards finding safer anticancer therapeutics. Justicia insularis T. Anderson (Acanthaceae) is an edible and medicinal plant in Nigeria. This study aims to discover cytotoxic compounds from this rarely explored J. insularis and investigate their underlying mechanism of action. METHODS The cytotoxicity of the plant extract was evaluated in human ovarian cancer cell lines and normal human ovarian surface epithelia (HOE) cells using a sulforhodamine B assay. Bioassay-guided isolation was carried out using column chromatography including HPLC, and the isolated natural products were characterized using GC-MS, LC-HRMS, and 1D/2D NMR techniques. Induction of apoptosis was evaluated using Caspase 3/7, 8, and 9, and Annexin V and PI based flow cytometry assays. SwissADME and SwissTargetPrediction web tools were used to predict the molecular properties and possible protein targets of identified active compounds. Key finding: The two cytotoxic compounds were identified as clerodane diterpenoids: 16(α/β)-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13(14)Z-dien-15,16-olide (1) and 16-oxo-cleroda-3,13(14)E-dien-15-oic acid (2) from the Acanthaceous plant for the first time. Compound 1 was a very abundant compound (0.7% per dry weight of plant material) and was shown to be more potent than compound 2 with IC50 values in the micromolar range against OVCAR-4 and OVCAR-8 cancer cells. Compounds 1 and 2 were less cytotoxic to HOE cell line. Both compounds induced apoptosis by increasing caspase 3/7 activities in a concentration dependent manner. Compound 1 further increased caspase 8 and 9 activities and apoptosis cell populations. Compounds 1 and 2 are both drug like, and compound 1 may target various proteins including a kinase. CONCLUSIONS Clerodane diterpenoids (1 and 2) in J. insularis were identified as cytotoxic to ovarian cancer cells via the induction of apoptosis, providing an abundant and valuable source of hit compounds for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Subgenome Discrimination in Brassica and Raphanus Allopolyploids Using Microsatellites. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092358. [PMID: 34572008 PMCID: PMC8466703 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intergeneric crosses between Brassica species and Raphanus sativus have produced crops with prominent shoot and root systems of Brassica and R. sativus, respectively. It is necessary to discriminate donor genomes when studying cytogenetic stability in distant crosses to identify homologous chromosome pairing, and microsatellite repeats have been used to discriminate subgenomes in allopolyploids. To identify genome-specific microsatellites, we explored the microsatellite content in three Brassica species (B. rapa, AA, B. oleracea, CC, and B. nigra, BB) and R. sativus (RR) genomes, and validated their genome specificity by fluorescence in situ hybridization. We identified three microsatellites showing A, C, and B/R genome specificity. ACBR_msat14 and ACBR_msat20 were detected in the A and C chromosomes, respectively, and ACBR_msat01 was detected in B and R genomes. However, we did not find a microsatellite that discriminated the B and R genomes. The localization of ACBR_msat20 in the 45S rDNA array in ×Brassicoraphanus 977 corroborated the association of the 45S rDNA array with genome rearrangement. Along with the rDNA and telomeric repeat probes, these microsatellites enabled the easy identification of homologous chromosomes. These data demonstrate the utility of microsatellites as probes in identifying subgenomes within closely related Brassica and Raphanus species for the analysis of genetic stability of new synthetic polyploids of these genomes.
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25
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Lietzow J. Biologically Active Compounds in Mustard Seeds: A Toxicological Perspective. Foods 2021; 10:2089. [PMID: 34574199 PMCID: PMC8472142 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mustard plants have been widely cultivated and used as spice, medicine and as source of edible oils. Currently, the use of the seeds of the mustard species Sinapis alba (white mustard or yellow mustard), Brassica juncea (brown mustard) and Brassica nigra (black mustard) in the food and beverage industry is immensely growing due to their nutritional and functional properties. The seeds serve as a source for a wide range of biologically active components including isothiocyanates that are responsible for the specific flavor of mustard, and tend to reveal conflicting results regarding possible health effects. Other potentially undesirable or toxic compounds, such as bisphenol F, erucic acid or allergens, may also occur in the seeds and in mustard products intended for human consumption. The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive information about potentially harmful compounds in mustard seeds and to evaluate potential health risks as an increasing use of mustard seeds is expected in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julika Lietzow
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Khan S, Awan KA, Iqbal MJ. Sulforaphane as a potential remedy against cancer: Comprehensive mechanistic review. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13886. [PMID: 34350614 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane belongs to the active class of isothiocyanates capable of delivering various biological benefits for health promotion and disease prevention. This compound is considered vital to curtail numerous metabolic disorders. Various studies have proven its beneficial effects against cancer prevention and its possible utilization as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanistic pathways and possible interactions at cellular and subcellular levels is key to design and develop cancer therapeutics for humans. In this respect, a number of mechanisms such as modulation of carcinogen metabolism & phase II enzymatic activities, cell cycle arrest, activation of Nrf2, cytotoxic, proapoptotic and apoptotic pathways have been reported to be involved in cancer prevention. This article provides sufficient information by critical analysis to understand the mechanisms involved in cancer prevention attributed to sulforaphane. Furthermore, various clinical studies have also been included for design and development of novel therapies for cancer prevention and cure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diet and dietary components are potential tools to address various lifestyle-related disorders. Due to plenty of environmental and cellular toxicants, the chances of cancer prevalence are quite large which are worsen by adopting unhealthy lifestyles. Cancer can be treated with various therapies but those are acquiring side effects causing the patients to suffer the treatment regime. Nutraceuticals and functional foods provide safer options to prevent or delay the onset of cancer. In this regard, sulforaphane is a pivotal compound to be targeted as a potential agent for cancer treatment both in preventive and therapeutic regimes. This article provides sufficient evidence via discussing the underlying mechanisms of positive effects of sulforaphane to further the research for developing anticancer drugs that will help assuage this lethal morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- School of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sipper Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kanza Aziz Awan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Shakour ZT, Shehab NG, Gomaa AS, Wessjohann LA, Farag MA. Metabolic and biotransformation effects on dietary glucosinolates, their bioavailability, catabolism and biological effects in different organisms. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107784. [PMID: 34102260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolate-producing plants have long been recognized for both their distinctive benefits to human nutrition and their resistance traits against pathogens and herbivores. Despite the accumulation of glucosinolates (GLS) in plants is associated with their resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses, the defensive and biological activities of GLS are commonly conveyed by their metabolic products. In view of this, metabolism is considered the driving factor upon the interactions of GLS-producing plants with other organisms, also influenced by plant and plant attacking or digesting organism characteristics. Several microbial pathogens and insects have evolved the capacity to detoxify GLS-hydrolysis products or inhibit their formation via different means, highlighting the relevance of their metabolic abilities for the plants' defense system activation and target organism detoxification. Strikingly, some bacteria, fungi and insects can likewise produce their own myrosinase (MYR)-like enzymes in one of the most important adaptation strategies against the GLS-MYR plant defense system. Knowledge of GLS metabolic pathways in herbivores and pathogens can impact plant protection efforts and may be harnessed upon for genetically modified plants that are more resistant to predators. In humans, the interest in the implementation of GLS in diets for the prevention of chronic diseases has grown substantially. However, the efficiency of such approaches is dependent on GLS bioavailability and metabolism, which largely involves the human gut microbiome. Among GLS-hydrolytic products, isothiocyanates (ITC) have shown exceptional properties as chemical plant defense agents against herbivores and pathogens, along with their health-promoting benefits in humans, at least if consumed in reasonable amounts. Deciphering GLS metabolic pathways provides critical information for catalyzing all types of GLS towards the generation of ITCs as the biologically most active metabolites. This review provides an overview on contrasting metabolic pathways in plants, bacteria, fungi, insects and humans towards GLS activation or detoxification. Further, suggestions for the preparation of GLS containing plants with improved health benefits are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab T Shakour
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa G Shehab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Natural Products, Dubai Pharmacy College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed S Gomaa
- Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.
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Casajús V, Civello P, Martínez G, Howe K, Fish T, Yang Y, Thannhauser T, Li L, Gómez Lobato M. Effect of continuous white light illumination on glucosinolate metabolism during postharvest storage of broccoli. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Wyatt M, Greathouse KL. Targeting Dietary and Microbial Tryptophan-Indole Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches to Colon Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:1189. [PMID: 33916690 PMCID: PMC8066279 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism, via the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, and microbial transformation of tryptophan to indolic compounds are fundamental for host health; both of which are altered in colon carcinogenesis. Alterations in tryptophan metabolism begin early in colon carcinogenesis as an adaptive mechanism for the tumor to escape immune surveillance and metastasize. The microbial community is a key part of the tumor microenvironment and influences cancer initiation, promotion and treatment response. A growing awareness of the impact of the microbiome on tryptophan (Trp) metabolism in the context of carcinogenesis has prompted this review. We first compare the different metabolic pathways of Trp under normal cellular physiology to colon carcinogenesis, in both the host cells and the microbiome. Second, we review how the microbiome, specifically indoles, influence host tryptophan pathways under normal and oncogenic metabolism. We conclude by proposing several dietary, microbial and drug therapeutic modalities that can be utilized in combination to abrogate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Wyatt
- Human Health, Performance and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7346, USA;
| | - K. Leigh Greathouse
- Human Science and Design, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7346, USA
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30
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Mzoughi Z, Majdoub H. Pectic polysaccharides from edible halophytes: Insight on extraction processes, structural characterizations and immunomodulatory potentials. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:554-579. [PMID: 33508358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The preparation, chemical properties and bio-activities of polysaccharides derived from halophytes have gained an increasing interest in the past few years. Phytochemical and pharmacological reports have shown that carbohydrates are important biologically active compounds of halophytes with numerous biological potentials. It is believed that the mechanisms involved in these bio-activities are due to the modulation of immune system. The main objective of this summary is to appraise available literature of a comparative study on the extraction, structural characterizations and biological potentials, particularly immunomodulatory effects, of carbohydrates isolated from halophytes (10 families). This review also attempts to discuss on bioactivities of polysaccharides related with their structure-activity relationship. Data indicated that the highest polysaccharides yield of around 35% was obtained under microwave irradiation. Structurally, results revealed that the most of extracted carbohydrates are pectic polysaccharides which mainly composed of arabinose (from 0.9 to 72%), accompanied by other monosaccharides (galactose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose and xylose), significant amounts of uronic acids (from 18.9 to 90.1%) and some proportions of fucose (from 0.2 to 8.3%). The molecular mass of these pectic polysaccharides was varied from 10 to 2650 kDa. Hence, the evaluation of these polysaccharides offers a great opportunity to discover novel therapeutic agents that presented especially beneficial immunomodulatory properties. Moreover, reports indicated that uronic acids, molecular weights, as well as the presence of sulfate and unmethylated acidic groups may play a significant role in biological activities of carbohydrates from halophyte species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Mzoughi
- University of Monastir, Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- University of Monastir, Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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31
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The Beneficial Health Effects of Vegetables and Wild Edible Greens: The Case of the Mediterranean Diet and Its Sustainability. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10249144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) concept as currently known describes the dietary patterns that were followed in specific regions of the area in the 1950s and 1960s. The broad recognition of its positive effects on the longevity of Mediterranean populations also led to the adoption of this diet in other regions of the world, and scientific interest focused on revealing its health effects. MD is not only linked with eating specific nutritional food products but also with social, religious, environmental, and cultural aspects, thus representing a healthy lifestyle in general. However, modern lifestyles adhere to less healthy diets, alienating people from their heritage. Therefore, considering the increasing evidence of the beneficial health effects of adherence to the MD and the ongoing transitions in consumers’ behavior, the present review focuses on updating the scientific knowledge regarding this diet and its relevance to agrobiodiversity. In addition, it also considers a sustainable approach for new marketing opportunities and consumer trends of the MD.
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Abdalla MA, Sulieman S, Mühling KH. Regulation of Selenium/Sulfur Interactions to Enhance Chemopreventive Effects: Lessons to Learn from Brassicaceae. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245846. [PMID: 33322081 PMCID: PMC7763292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, which represents an integral part of glutathione peroxidase and other selenoproteins involved in the protection of cells against oxidative damage. Selenomethionine (SeMet), selenocysteine (SeCys), and methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) are the forms of Se that occur in living systems. Se-containing compounds have been found to reduce carcinogenesis of animal models, and dietary supplemental Se might decrease cancer risk. Se is mainly taken up by plant roots in the form of selenate via high-affinity sulfate transporters. Consequently, owing to the chemical similarity between Se and sulfur (S), the availability of S plays a key role in Se accumulation owing to competition effects in absorption, translocation, and assimilation. Moreover, naturally occurring S-containing compounds have proven to exhibit anticancer potential, in addition to other bioactivities. Therefore, it is important to understand the interaction between Se and S, which depends on Se/S ratio in the plant or/and in the growth medium. Brassicaceae (also known as cabbage or mustard family) is an important family of flowering plants that are grown worldwide and have a vital role in agriculture and populations’ health. In this review we discuss the distribution and further interactions between S and Se in Brassicaceae and provide several examples of Se or Se/S biofortifications’ experiments in brassica vegetables that induced the chemopreventive effects of these crops by enhancing the production of Se- or/and S-containing natural compounds. Extensive further research is required to understand Se/S uptake, translocation, and assimilation and to investigate their potential role in producing anticancer drugs.
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Nair AB, Gandhi D, Patel SS, Morsy MA, Gorain B, Attimarad M, Shah JN. Development of HPLC Method for Quantification of Sinigrin from Raphanus sativus Roots and Evaluation of Its Anticancer Potential. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214947. [PMID: 33114598 PMCID: PMC7663242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinigrin, a precursor of allyl isothiocyanate, present in the Raphanus sativus exhibits diverse biological activities, and has an immense role against cancer proliferation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify the sinigrin in the R. sativus roots using developed and validated RP-HPLC method and further evaluated its’ anticancer activity. To achieve the objective, the roots of R. sativus were lyophilized to obtain a stable powder, which were extracted and passed through an ion-exchange column to obtain sinigrin-rich fraction. The RP-HPLC method using C18 analytical column was used for chromatographic separation and quantification of sinigrin in the prepared fraction, which was attained using the mobile phase consisting of 20 mM tetrabutylammonium: acetonitrile (80:20%, v/v at pH 7.0) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The chromatographic peak for sinigrin was showed at 3.592 min for pure sinigrin, where a good linearity was achieved within the concentration range of 50 to 800 µg/mL (R2 > 0.99), with an excellent accuracy (−1.37% and −1.29%) and precision (1.43% and 0.94%), for intra and inter-day, respectively. Finally, the MTT assay was performed for the sinigrin-rich fraction using three different human cancer cell lines, viz. prostate cancer (DU-145), colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-15), and melanoma (A-375). The cell-based assays were extended to conduct apoptotic and caspase-3 activities, to determine the mechanism of action of sinigrin in the treatment of cancer. MTT assay showed IC50 values of 15.88, 21.42, and 24.58 µg/mL for DU-145, HCT-15, and A-375 cell lines, respectively. Increased cellular apoptosis and caspase-3 expression were observed with sinigrin-rich fraction, indicating significant increase in overexpression of caspase-3 in DU-145 cells. In conclusion, a simple, sensitive, fast, and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of sinigrin in the prepared fraction. The data observed here indicate that sinigrin can be beneficial in treating prostate cancer possibly by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-536-219-868
| | - Dipal Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
| | - Snehal S. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (M.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
- Centre for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Jigar N. Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
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Wu WK, Ivanova EA, Orekhov AN. Gut microbiome: A possible common therapeutic target for treatment of atherosclerosis and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 70:85-97. [PMID: 32610150 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota is a dynamic and variable system that can change over time and in response to different diets and treatments. There is currently no doubt that gut microbiota can provide interesting therapeutic opportunities, since it can metabolize biologically active molecules, drugs, and their precursors, and control their bioavailability. Moreover, it can produce both beneficial and dangerous metabolites that influence host's health. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the involvement of gut microbiota in two chronic human pathologies that represent the greatest challenges of modern medicine: atherosclerosis and cancer. Interesting parallels are observed between the mechanisms and possible treatment approaches of these pathologies. Some of the common effects of therapeutic agents targeting both pathologies, such as anti-inflammatory activity, are partially mediated by the gut microbiota. We will discuss the effects of common drugs (metformin, statins and aspirin) and various nutraceuticals on gut microbiota and outline the pathways of microbial involvement in mediating the pleiotropic beneficial effects of these agents in atherosclerosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Moscow, Russia.
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