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Ramouzi E, Sveroni K, Manou M, Papagiannopoulos C, Genitsaridi SM, Tragomalou A, Vourdoumpa A, Koutaki D, Paltoglou G, Kassari P, Charmandari E. The Impact of Thyroid Hormones on Cardiometabolic Risk in Children and Adolescents with Obesity, Overweight and Normal Body Mass Index (BMI): A One-Year Intervention Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2650. [PMID: 39203787 PMCID: PMC11357135 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism and have a major impact in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. The purpose of our study was to examine the relation of thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormones with cardiometabolic parameters in children and adolescents with obesity, overweight, and normal body mass index (BMI) before and after the implementation of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, personalized, lifestyle intervention program for 1 year. One thousand three hundred and eleven (n = 1311) children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years (mean age ± SD: 10.10 ± 2.92 years) were studied prospectively. Patients were categorized as having obesity (n = 727, 55.45%), overweight (n = 384, 29.29%) or normal BMI (n = 200, 15.26%) according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cutoff points. All patients received personalized guidance on diet, sleep, and physical activity at regular intervals throughout the 1-year period. Detailed clinical evaluation and hematologic, biochemical and endocrinologic investigations were performed at the beginning and the end of the study. Subjects with obesity had a more adverse cardiometabolic risk profile than subjects with overweight and normal BMI on both assessments. At initial evaluation, total T3 concentrations were positively associated with uric acid and HbA1C, and free T4 concentrations were negatively associated with insulin concentrations, while there was no association between TSH concentrations and cardiometabolic risk parameters. Following the 1 year of the multidisciplinary, lifestyle intervention program, the concentrations of lipids, HbA1C, ALT, and γGT improved significantly in all subjects. Changes in TSH concentrations were positively associated with changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations. Changes in free T4 concentrations were negatively associated with changes in cholesterol and insulin concentrations. Furthermore, changes in T3 concentrations were positively associated with changes in HbA1C, glucose, uric acid, and triglyceride concentrations. These findings indicate that in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity, thyroid hormones are associated with indices conferring cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Ramouzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.-M.G.); (A.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Konstantina Sveroni
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.-M.G.); (A.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Maria Manou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.-M.G.); (A.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Christos Papagiannopoulos
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.-M.G.); (A.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Sofia-Maria Genitsaridi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.-M.G.); (A.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Athanasia Tragomalou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.-M.G.); (A.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Aikaterini Vourdoumpa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.-M.G.); (A.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Diamanto Koutaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.-M.G.); (A.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - George Paltoglou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.-M.G.); (A.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (G.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Penio Kassari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.-M.G.); (A.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (G.P.); (P.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.R.); (K.S.); (M.M.); (C.P.); (S.-M.G.); (A.T.); (A.V.); (D.K.); (G.P.); (P.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Alexopoulou C, Fountoulaki M, Papavasileiou A, Kondili E. Sleep Habits, Academic Performance and Health Behaviors of Adolescents in Southern Greece. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:775. [PMID: 38610197 PMCID: PMC11011514 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12070775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescents often experience insufficient sleep and have unhealthy sleep habits. Our aim was to investigate the sleep patterns of secondary education students in Heraklion, Crete, Greece and their association with school performance and health habits. We conducted a community-based cross-sectional study with 831 students aged 13-19 years who completed an online self-reported questionnaire related to sleep and health habits. The data are mostly numerical or categorical, and an analysis was performed using t-tests, chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression. During weekdays, the students slept for an average of 7 ± 1.1 h, which is significantly lower than the 7.8 ± 1.5 h average on weekends (p < 0.001). Nearly 79% reported difficulty waking up and having insufficient sleep time, while 73.8% felt sleepy at school at least once a week. Having sufficient sleep time ≥ 8 h) was positively correlated with better academic performance (OR: 1.48, CI: 1.06-2.07, p = 0.022) and frequent physical exercise (never/rarely: 13.5%, sometimes: 21.2%, often: 65.3%; p = 0.002). Conversely, there was a negative correlation between adequate sleep and both smoking (OR: 0.29, CI: 0.13-0.63) and alcohol consumption (OR: 0.51, CI: 0.36-0.71, p = 0.001). In conclusion, this study shows that students in Heraklion, Crete frequently experience sleep deprivation, which is associated with compromised academic performance, reduced physical activity and an increased likelihood of engaging in unhealthy behaviors like smoking and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Alexopoulou
- Department of Intensive Care and Sleep Laboratory, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
| | | | | | - Eumorfia Kondili
- Department of Intensive Care and Sleep Laboratory, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece;
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Dhammawati F, Fagerberg P, Diou C, Mavrouli I, Koukoula E, Lekka E, Stefanopoulos L, Maglaveras N, Heimeier R, Karavidopoulou Y, Ioakimidis I. Ultra-Processed Food vs. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Greek and Swedish Students. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102321. [PMID: 37242204 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted children's lifestyles, including dietary behaviors. Of particular concern among these behaviors is the heightened prevalence of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, which has been linked to the development of obesity and related non-communicable diseases. The present study examines the changes in (1) UPF and (2) vegetable and/or fruit consumption among school-aged children in Greece and Sweden before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The analyzed dataset consisted of main meal pictures (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) captured by 226 Greek students (94 before the pandemic and 132 during the pandemic) and 421 Swedish students (293 before and 128 during the pandemic), aged 9-18, who voluntarily reported their meals using a mobile application. The meal pictures were collected over four-month periods over two consecutive years; namely, between the 20th of August and the 20th of December in 2019 (before the COVID-19 outbreak) and the same period in 2020 (during the COVID-19 outbreak). The collected pictures were annotated manually by a trained nutritionist. A chi-square test was performed to evaluate the differences in proportions before versus during the pandemic. RESULTS In total, 10,770 pictures were collected, including 6474 pictures from before the pandemic and 4296 pictures collected during the pandemic. Out of those, 86 pictures were excluded due to poor image quality, and 10,684 pictures were included in the final analyses (4267 pictures from Greece and 6417 pictures from Sweden). The proportion of UPF significantly decreased during vs. before the pandemic in both populations (50% vs. 46%, p = 0.010 in Greece, and 71% vs. 66%, p < 0.001 in Sweden), while the proportion of vegetables and/or fruits significantly increased in both cases (28% vs. 35%, p < 0.001 in Greece, and 38% vs. 42%, p = 0.019 in Sweden). There was a proportional increase in meal pictures containing UPF among boys in both countries. In Greece, both genders showed an increase in vegetables and/or fruits, whereas, in Sweden, the increase in fruit and/or vegetable consumption was solely observed among boys. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of UPF in the Greek and Swedish students' main meals decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic vs. before the pandemic, while the proportion of main meals with vegetables and/or fruits increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friska Dhammawati
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Fagerberg
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christos Diou
- Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, 177 78 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Mavrouli
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Eirini Lekka
- 2nd Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dept, Center of Woman Digital Health, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leandros Stefanopoulos
- 2nd Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dept, Center of Woman Digital Health, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Image and Video Processing Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nicos Maglaveras
- 2nd Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dept, Center of Woman Digital Health, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Youla Karavidopoulou
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ioakimidis
- Innovative Use of Mobile Phones to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Across the Lifespan (the IMPACT) Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
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Longitudinal Association of Telomere Dynamics with Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in Young Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235191. [PMID: 36501220 PMCID: PMC9735474 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In adults, short leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. These associations could stem from early life interactions between LTL and metabolic disorders. To test this hypothesis, we explored the associations between LTL and metabolic parameters as well as their evolution over time in children with or without obesity at baseline. Seventy-three (n = 73) children attending our Outpatient Clinic for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence, aged 2-10 years (mean ± SD: 7.6 ± 2.0 years), were followed for 2 to 4 years. Anthropometric, clinical, and biological (including LTL by Southern blot) measurements were performed annually. Baseline LTL correlated negatively with BMI (p = 0.02), fat percentage (p = 0.01), and blood glucose (p = 0.0007). These associations persisted after adjustments for age and sex. No associations were found between LTL attrition during the follow-up period and any of the metabolic parameters. In young children, obesity and metabolic disturbances were associated with shorter telomeres but were not associated with more pronounced LTL attrition. These results suggest that short telomeres contribute to the development of obesity and metabolic disorders very early in life, which can have a major impact on health.
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Chrissini MK, Panagiotakos DB. Public health interventions tackling childhood obesity at European level: A literature review. Prev Med Rep 2022; 30:102068. [PMID: 36531092 PMCID: PMC9747664 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity pandemic, a form of malnutrition including undernutrition, and other food-regime associated risks, has universally been on the rise during the chronic period of the past 4-5 decades and is now acknowledged as one of the most "toxic fuel" accounting for poor health in the majority of countries. In order to find remedies to heal this alarming issue, a corpus of European interventions have been brought to light in the recent years. Since the vague influence and effectiveness of these measures / policies is to be further identified, their evaluation screening is underlined as a pivotal necessity. Within this framework this paper aims to critically report on the development and evaluation of the implementation of the European Union, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, and European Union countries' national public health policy interventions and action plans in the fight against childhood obesity. Thus, this is a narrative review synthesizing the results -following a qualitative interpretation and analysis- of recent scientific epidemiological research and review studies evidence concerning European public health interventions tackling childhood obesity, through computer-assisted literature search -via PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar- scientific databases. According to the literature data, it is concluded that despite the unprecedented public health challenge of addressing childhood obesity, the extent to which related European policies and programs targeting healthy nutrition, increased physical activity, and healthy lifestyle ethos are truly efficacious is still under inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Chrissini
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
- Medical Research Methods & Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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Stake M, Heinrichs B. Ethical Implications of e-Health Applications in Early Preventive Healthcare. Front Genet 2022; 13:902631. [PMID: 35899190 PMCID: PMC9309263 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.902631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a means of preventive medicine early detection and prevention examinations can identify and treat possible health disorders or abnormalities from an early age onwards. However, pediatric examinations are often widely spaced, and thus only snapshots of the children’s and adolescents’ developments are obtained. With e-health applications parents and adolescents could record developmental parameters much more frequently and regularly and transmit data directly for ongoing evaluation. AI technologies could be used to search for new and previously unknown patterns. Although e-health applications could improve preventive healthcare, there are serious concerns about the unlimited use of big data in medicine. Such concerns range from general skepticism about big data in medicine to specific challenges and risks in certain medical areas. In this paper, we will focus on preventive health care in pediatrics and explore ethical implications of e-health applications. Specifically, we will address opportunities and risks of app-based data collection and AI-based data evaluation for complementing established early detection and prevention examinations. To this end, we will explore the principle of the best interest of the child. Furthermore, we shall argue that difficult trade-offs need to be made between group benefit on the one hand and individual autonomy and privacy on the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Stake
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine: Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Jülich Research Center, Jülich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mandy Stake,
| | - Bert Heinrichs
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine: Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Jülich Research Center, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Science and Ethics (IWE), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Bompelli A, Wang Y, Wan R, Singh E, Zhou Y, Xu L, Oniani D, Kshatriya BSA, Balls-Berry J(JE, Zhang R. Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health in the Era of Artificial Intelligence with Electronic Health Records: A Scoping Review. HEALTH DATA SCIENCE 2021; 2021:9759016. [PMID: 38487504 PMCID: PMC10880156 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9759016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background. There is growing evidence that social and behavioral determinants of health (SBDH) play a substantial effect in a wide range of health outcomes. Electronic health records (EHRs) have been widely employed to conduct observational studies in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). However, there has been limited review into how to make the most of SBDH information from EHRs using AI approaches.Methods. A systematic search was conducted in six databases to find relevant peer-reviewed publications that had recently been published. Relevance was determined by screening and evaluating the articles. Based on selected relevant studies, a methodological analysis of AI algorithms leveraging SBDH information in EHR data was provided.Results. Our synthesis was driven by an analysis of SBDH categories, the relationship between SBDH and healthcare-related statuses, natural language processing (NLP) approaches for extracting SBDH from clinical notes, and predictive models using SBDH for health outcomes.Discussion. The associations between SBDH and health outcomes are complicated and diverse; several pathways may be involved. Using NLP technology to support the extraction of SBDH and other clinical ideas simplifies the identification and extraction of essential concepts from clinical data, efficiently unlocks unstructured data, and aids in the resolution of unstructured data-related issues.Conclusion. Despite known associations between SBDH and diseases, SBDH factors are rarely investigated as interventions to improve patient outcomes. Gaining knowledge about SBDH and how SBDH data can be collected from EHRs using NLP approaches and predictive models improves the chances of influencing health policy change for patient wellness, ultimately promoting health and health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Bompelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Yanshan Wang
- Department of Health Information Management, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ruyuan Wan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Esha Singh
- Department of Computer Science, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Institute for Health Informatics and College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Carlson School of Business, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - David Oniani
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Luther College, USA
| | | | | | - Rui Zhang
- Institute for Health Informatics, Department of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems, University of Minnesota, USA
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Paltoglou G, Raftopoulou C, Nicolaides NC, Genitsaridi SM, Karampatsou SI, Papadopoulou M, Kassari P, Charmandari E. A Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary, Personalized, Lifestyle Intervention Program Is Associated with Increased Leukocyte Telomere Length in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082682. [PMID: 34444842 PMCID: PMC8402072 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is a robust marker of biological aging and is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence. We investigated the effect of a structured, comprehensive, multidisciplinary, personalized, lifestyle intervention program of healthy diet and physical exercise on LTL in 508 children and adolescents (239 males, 269 females; 282 prepubertal, 226 pubertal), aged 10.14 ± 0.13 years. Participants were classified as obese (n = 267, 52.6%), overweight (n = 174, 34.2%), or of normal BMI (n = 67, 13.2%) according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cutoff points and were studied prospectively for one year. We demonstrated that LTL increased significantly after 1 year of the lifestyle interventions, irrespective of gender, pubertal status, or body mass index (BMI). Waist circumference was the best negative predictor of LTL at initial assessment. The implementation of the lifestyle interventions also resulted in a significant improvement in clinical (BMI, BMI z-score and waist to height ratio) and body composition indices of obesity, inflammatory markers, hepatic enzymes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and lipid profile in all participants. These findings indicate that the increased LTL may be associated with a more favorable metabolic profile and decreased morbidity later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Paltoglou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (N.C.N.); (S.M.G.); (S.I.K.); (M.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Christina Raftopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nicolas C. Nicolaides
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (N.C.N.); (S.M.G.); (S.I.K.); (M.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Sofia M. Genitsaridi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (N.C.N.); (S.M.G.); (S.I.K.); (M.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Sofia I. Karampatsou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (N.C.N.); (S.M.G.); (S.I.K.); (M.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Marina Papadopoulou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (N.C.N.); (S.M.G.); (S.I.K.); (M.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Penio Kassari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (N.C.N.); (S.M.G.); (S.I.K.); (M.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (G.P.); (N.C.N.); (S.M.G.); (S.I.K.); (M.P.); (P.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-21-3201-3384
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Koutaki D, Michos A, Bacopoulou F, Charmandari E. The Emerging Role of Sfrp5 and Wnt5a in the Pathogenesis of Obesity: Implications for a Healthy Diet and Lifestyle. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072459. [PMID: 34371968 PMCID: PMC8308727 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically worldwide among all age groups. Obesity is characterized by excess fat accumulation and chronic low-grade inflammation. The adipose tissue functions as a metabolically active endocrine organ secreting adipokines. A novel duo of adipokines, the anti-inflammatory secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5) and the proinflammatory wingless type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site family member 5A (Wnt5a), signal via the non-canonical Wnt pathway. Recent evidence suggests that Sfpr5 and Wnt5a play a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity and its metabolic complications. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the novel regulatory system of anti-inflammatory Sfrp5 and pro-inflammatory Wnt5a, and their relation to obesity and obesity-related complications. Future studies are required to investigate the potential role of Sfrp5 and Wnt5a as biomarkers for monitoring the response to lifestyle interventions and for predicting the development of cardiometabolic risk factors. These adipokines may also serve as novel therapeutic targets for obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamanto Koutaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Michos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-213-2013-384
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The Role of Lifestyle, Eating Habits and Social Environment in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051460. [PMID: 33922994 PMCID: PMC8146863 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Sak J, Suchodolska M. Artificial Intelligence in Nutrients Science Research: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:322. [PMID: 33499405 PMCID: PMC7911928 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) as a branch of computer science, the purpose of which is to imitate thought processes, learning abilities and knowledge management, finds more and more applications in experimental and clinical medicine. In recent decades, there has been an expansion of AI applications in biomedical sciences. The possibilities of artificial intelligence in the field of medical diagnostics, risk prediction and support of therapeutic techniques are growing rapidly. The aim of the article is to analyze the current use of AI in nutrients science research. The literature review was conducted in PubMed. A total of 399 records published between 1987 and 2020 were obtained, of which, after analyzing the titles and abstracts, 261 were rejected. In the next stages, the remaining records were analyzed using the full-text versions and, finally, 55 papers were selected. These papers were divided into three areas: AI in biomedical nutrients research (20 studies), AI in clinical nutrients research (22 studies) and AI in nutritional epidemiology (13 studies). It was found that the artificial neural network (ANN) methodology was dominant in the group of research on food composition study and production of nutrients. However, machine learning (ML) algorithms were widely used in studies on the influence of nutrients on the functioning of the human body in health and disease and in studies on the gut microbiota. Deep learning (DL) algorithms prevailed in a group of research works on clinical nutrients intake. The development of dietary systems using AI technology may lead to the creation of a global network that will be able to both actively support and monitor the personalized supply of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Sak
- Chair and Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- BioMolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.pl), Poland
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A National e-Health Program for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence in Greece. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092858. [PMID: 32961973 PMCID: PMC7551883 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in childhood and adolescence represents one of the most challenging public health problems of the 21st century owing to its epidemic proportions worldwide and the associated significant morbidity, mortality and public health costs. In Greece, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence exceeds 30-35%. To address the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in our country, we developed the 'National e-Health Program for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence', which provides specific and detailed guidance to all primary health care physicians about the personalized management of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. In the present study we evaluated 2400 children and adolescents [mean age ± SEM: 10.10 ± 0.09 years.; Males: 1088, Females: 1312; Obesity (n = 1370, 57.1%), Overweight (n = 674, 28.1%), normal BMI (n = 356, 14.8%)], who followed the personalized multi-disciplinary management plan specified by the 'National e-Health Program for the Prevention and Management of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence', and were studied prospectively for 1 year. We demonstrated that at the end of the first year, the prevalence of obesity decreased by 32.1%, the prevalence of overweight decreased by 26.7%, and the cardiometabolic risk factors improved significantly. These findings indicate that our National e-Health Program is effective at reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence after one year of intervention in the largest sample size reported to date.
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