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Vázquez-Bolea N, Andueza N, Cuervo M, Navas-Carretero S. A Higher Adherence to the ALINFA Nutritional Intervention Is Effective for Improving Dietary Patterns in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:559. [PMID: 38790554 PMCID: PMC11120244 DOI: 10.3390/children11050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Food patterns are deteriorating and, consequently, not meeting nutritional recommendations. Learning about the adherence to a diet is crucial for understanding children's dietary habits. The objective of the present analysis was to assess the degree of compliance with the ALINFA nutritional intervention and the effectiveness of adherence groups, and to evaluate potential baseline factors predicting a higher adherence to the intervention. A total of 44 children aged 6 to 12 years-old participated in the eight-week intervention. A two-week dietary plan was specifically designed, providing participants with food products, ready-to-eat dishes, and recipes. An intake of 75% of calories of the prescribed diet was defined to divide the participants into high- and low-adherence groups (HA/LA, respectively). From the 44 participants, 24 showed a LA to the intervention, whereas 20 of them were in the HA group. Diet quality improved in both groups (p < 0.001), mainly by increasing cereals and nuts, and reducing pastries. A decrease in BMI z-score was observed (LA: p < 0.001; HA: p = 0.021). Fat mass (p = 0.002), LDL-c (p = 0.036), and CRP (p = 0.023) reductions were only achieved in the HA group, whereas leptin decreased only in the LA group (p = 0.046). All participants ameliorated their dietary habits, but those with better diet quality at baseline experienced greater enhancements in their nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vázquez-Bolea
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.V.-B.); (N.A.); (S.N.-C.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Naroa Andueza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.V.-B.); (N.A.); (S.N.-C.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.V.-B.); (N.A.); (S.N.-C.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (N.V.-B.); (N.A.); (S.N.-C.)
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Almoraie NM, Alothmani NM, Alomari WD, Al-Amoudi AH. Addressing nutritional issues and eating behaviours among university students: a narrative review. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38356364 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
University life is a critical period for establishing healthy eating habits and attitudes. However, university students are at risk of developing poor eating habits due to various factors, including economic conditions, academic stress and lack of information about nutritional concepts. Poor diet quality leads to malnutrition or overnutrition, increasing the risk of preventable diseases. Food environments on university campuses also play a significant role in shaping the dietary habits of students, with the availability of and accessibility to healthy food options being important factors influencing food choices and overall diet quality. Disordered eating habits and body dissatisfaction are prevalent among university students and can lead to eating disorders. Income and living arrangements also influence dietary habits, with low household income and living alone being associated with unhealthy eating habits. This study is a narrative review that aimed to address nutritional issues and eating behaviours, specifically among university students. We investigated the eating behaviours of university students, including their dietary patterns, food choices and food environments. The objective of this review was to provide insights into the nutritional issues and eating behaviours of university students, with the aim of identifying target areas for intervention to improve the overall health and wellbeing among college students. University food environments need to be restructured to promote healthy eating, including the availability, accessibility, affordability and labelling of healthy foods, and policies to limit the availability of unhealthy foods and drinks on campus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Almoraie
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor M Alothmani
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajd D Alomari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H Al-Amoudi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Burgard L, Jansen S, Spiegler C, Brettschneider AK, Straßburg A, Alexy U, Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann S, Ensenauer R, Heuer T. Unfavorable nutrient intakes in children up to school entry age: results from the nationwide German KiESEL study. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1302323. [PMID: 38323223 PMCID: PMC10844530 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1302323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nutrition in the first years of life is a cornerstone for child development and long-term health, yet there is a lack of current data on energy and nutrient intake among toddlers and preschoolers in Germany. Objective To analyze energy and nutrient intake in toddlers (1- to 2-year-olds) and preschoolers (3- to 5-year-olds) in Germany and compare the results with the Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) by the European Food Safety Authority. Design Dietary intake was assessed by weighed food record data (3 + 1 day) of 890 children from the representative cross-sectional Children's Nutrition Survey to Record Food Consumption (KiESEL), carried out in 2014-2017 as a module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents Wave 2. For the calculation of energy and nutrient intake, the German Nutrient Database BLS 3.02, LEBTAB, and a supplement database were used. Results Median intakes of energy and most nutrients met or exceeded the DRVs in both toddlers and preschoolers. However, low intakes relative to DRVs were found for vitamin D (6-9% of DRV, including supplements) and iodine (57-65% of DRV). Age specific downward deviations were observed for iron intake in toddlers (75% of DRV) and for calcium intake in preschoolers (67-77% of DRV). In contrast, intakes were high for saturated fatty acids (SFA) (14-16 E%), mono-/disaccharides (60-87 g/day), and protein [2.1-2.6 g/(kg body weight*day)]. Conclusion Nutrient imbalances in toddlers and preschoolers in Germany, which are partly age-related, give rise to concern. Research is needed to determine if routine vitamin D supplementation should be extended beyond infancy. Public health efforts to increase the rate of use of iodized salt and to reduce the intake of SFA and mono-/disaccharides in children's diets are to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Burgard
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sara Jansen
- Department of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Clarissa Spiegler
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Brettschneider
- Department of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Straßburg
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ute Alexy
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Regina Ensenauer
- Department of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heuer
- Department of Nutritional Behaviour, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI) – Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Medina-Vadora MM, Plaza-Diaz J, Llorente-Cantarero FJ, Severi C, Lecot C, Ruiz-López MD, Gil Á. A Clustering Study of Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity among Workers of the Uruguayan State Electrical Company. Nutrients 2024; 16:304. [PMID: 38276542 PMCID: PMC10820101 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that certain nutrients, specific food groups, or general dietary patterns (DPs) can promote health and prevent noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCCDs). Both developed and developing countries experience a high prevalence of NCCDs due to poor lifestyle habits, DPs, and low physical activity levels. This study aims to examine the dietary, physical activity, sociodemographic, and lifestyle patterns of Uruguayan State Electrical Company workers (the IN-UTE study). A total of 2194 workers participated in the study, providing information about their sociodemographics, lifestyles, and dietary habits through different questionnaires. To identify DPs from 16 food groups, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. A hierarchical cluster algorithm was used to combine food groups and sociodemographic/lifestyle variables. Four DPs were extracted from the data; the first DP was related to the intake of energy-dense foods, the second DP to the characteristics of the job, the third DP to a Mediterranean-style diet, and the fourth DP to age and body mass index. In addition, cluster analysis involving a larger number of lifestyle variables produced similar results to the PCA. Lifestyle and sociodemographic factors, including night work, working outside, and moderate and intense PA, were significantly correlated with the dietary clusters, suggesting that working conditions, socioeconomic status, and PA may play an important role in determining DPs to some extent. Accordingly, these findings should be used to design lifestyle interventions to reverse the appearance of unhealthy DPs in the UTE population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mercedes Medina-Vadora
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.M.M.-V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero
- Department of Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, Maimónides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain;
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Severi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay (UdelaR), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
- Uruguayan Society of Collective Health (SUSAC), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Lecot
- Department of Occupational Health, National Administration of Power Plants and Electric Transmissions (UTE), Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
| | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.M.M.-V.); (M.D.R.-L.)
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), 18016 Armilla, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), 18016 Armilla, Spain
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Partearroyo T, Samaniego-Vaesken MDL, Rodríguez-Alonso P, Soto-Méndez MJ, Hernández-Ruiz Á, Gil Á, Varela-Moreiras G. Dietary intake, nutritional adequacy and food sources of vitamins involved in the methionine-methylation cycle from Spanish children aged one to <10 years: results from the EsNuPI study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1248908. [PMID: 38156277 PMCID: PMC10753000 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1248908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Methionine-methylation cycle and the derived critical functions during infancy are key regulated by folates, vitamins B12, and B6. At present in Spain, there is an absence of studies that assess the intakes and dietary sources of total folates and B12 by children consuming all types of milks and those regularly consuming adapted milk formulas. Thus, our aim was to evaluate folates intakes alongside with vitamins B6 and B12 while describing their major dietary contributors in Spanish children aged one to <10 years. Methods A total of 1,448 children aged between 1 and 10 years (49.7% girls and 50.3% boys) from the EsNuPI, a prospective cross-sectional study, were allocated into two cohorts: one Spanish Reference Cohort (SRS) of the general population (n = 707), and another including children consuming adapted milks called Adapted Milk Consumers Cohort (AMS) (n = 741) completed two 24 h dietary recalls used to estimate their nutrient intakes and to compare them to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Population Reference Intakes. Results The median intake of vitamin B6 was 1.35 (1.06-1.70) mg/day in the SRS and 1.45 (1.17-1.79) mg/day in the AMS, being significantly higher in the AMS for all age-groups. Prevalence of adequacy for vitamin B6 in the SRS and AMS was 97.7 and 98.7%, respectively. Total folates intakes in the AMS were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.001) in all age groups than in the SRS, independently of age. In addition, the prevalence of adequacy for folates intakes in all groups was more than 60%. Vitamin B12 intake increased with age independently of the type of milk consumed. The prevalence of adequacy for vitamin B12 was highly compliant by all population groups. The major contributors to vitamin B6 were milk and dairy products being significantly higher in AMS than SRS (p ≤ 0.001). The highest contributors to folates intakes were milk and dairy products, cereals, vegetables, and fruits in both groups whereas for vitamin B12 in the SRS sample were milk and dairy products followed by meat and meats products and for adapted milks, were milk and dairy products, followed by eggs, then meat and meats products. Conclusion A satisfactory prevalence of adequacy for vitamins B6, and B12 amongst the Spanish children population was observed, which was not the case for folates, regardless of the dietary group evaluated. Nevertheless, a possible strategy to increase folate intake among the youngest children is to increase the consumption of milk and dairy products within a healthier dietary pattern, as these may contribute significantly to the vitamin needs of the infant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Partearroyo
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia "Nutrición Para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)", Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - María de Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia "Nutrición Para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)", Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ángel Gil
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia "Nutrición Para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)", Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
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Depboylu GY, Kaner G. Younger age, higher father education level, and healthy lifestyle behaviors are associated with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet in school-aged children. Nutrition 2023; 114:112166. [PMID: 37597470 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MDiet) in school-aged children in Turkey and explore the associated factors with high adherence to the MDiet. METHOD This cross-sectional was conducted with 2693 school-aged children. Sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle data were collected using a questionnaire. Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) was used to evaluate adherence to the MDiet. Body weight, height, neck, waist, and hip circumference were measured. Dietary intake was assessed with a 24-h food consumption record. RESULTS Of the 2693 children, 29.5% had high, 53.9% had moderate, and 16.6% had low adherence to the MDiet. Primary school children had significantly higher adherence to the diet than secondary school children. Adherence to the MDiet was higher in children whose fathers were university graduates. There were no significant differences in sex, body mass index (BMI), or anthropometric measurements according to MDiet adherence. The high adherence group had a significantly higher intake of protein, fiber, vitamins C, B1, B6, B2, folate, polyunsaturated fatty acids, zinc, potassium, and calcium, but lower carbohydrate intake compared with the low/moderate adherence group. Higher adherence to the MDiet was associated with adequate sleep duration (≥9 to <12 h) (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-2.78), whereas poor/moderate adherence was associated with age (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73-0.87) and screen time (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.40-0.63). Children who reported engaging in regular physical activity were more likely to have higher MDiet adherence (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16-1.85). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that >50% of the children presented moderate MDiet adherence. Younger age, adequate sleep duration, engaging in regular physical activity, less screen time, and higher education level of fathers were associated with higher adherence to the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Yurtdaş Depboylu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Gülşah Kaner
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
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Andueza N, Martin-Calvo N, Navas-Carretero S, Cuervo M. The ALINFA Intervention Improves Diet Quality and Nutritional Status in Children 6 to 12 Years Old. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102375. [PMID: 37242258 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a new nutritional intervention, focused on improving the quality of the diet in children aged 6 to 12 years. A 2-month parallel, controlled randomized trial was conducted in the Spanish child population. The children were randomized to ALINFA nutritional intervention, which consisted of a normocaloric diet that incorporates products, ready-to-eat meals and healthy recipes specifically designed for the study, or a control group, which received the usual advice on healthy eating. The change in diet quality was assessed through the Kidmed index. The secondary outcomes were anthropometry, glucose and lipid profiles, inflammation markers, dietary intake and lifestyle. The participants in the intervention group showed an increase in the mean score of the Kidmed index (p < 0.001). Alongside that, these children decreased their intake of calories (p = 0.046), and total and saturated fat (p = 0.016//p = 0.011), and increased fiber intake (p < 0.001). Likewise, the children in the ALINFA group increased the intake of white fish (p = 0.001), pulses (p = 0.004), whole grains (p < 0.001) and nuts (p < 0.001), and decreased fatty meat (p = 0.014), refined grain (p = 0.008), pastry (p < 0.001), fast food (p < 0.001) and sugar (p = 0.001) intake. Moreover, these children had a significantly decreased BMI (p < 0.001), BMI z-score (p < 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.016) and fat mass (p = 0.011), as well as leptin (p = 0.004). Participants in the control group did not report significant changes in diet quality. In conclusion, ALINFA nutritional intervention is possibly a useful strategy to increase the diet quality in children, which is associated to improvements in the nutritional status. These results highlight the importance of developing well-designed nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naroa Andueza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Martin-Calvo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, University Campus, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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López-Gil JF, Smith L, Abellán-Huerta J, Abellán-Alemán J, Panisello Royo JM, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, López-Bueno R, Tárraga-López PJ. Food consumption patterns related to excess weight and obesity in Spanish preschoolers. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-022-02442-9. [PMID: 36599946 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were (1) to identify the different food consumption patterns among Spanish preschoolers and (2) to examine the association between having a different food consumption pattern and the odds of having excess weight (i.e., overweight or obesity) or obesity among this population. METHODS This was a nationwide cross-sectional study with data from the Spanish National Health Survey-2017. All preschoolers (aged 3-5 years) with complete information on all the variables analyzed were selected. The frequency of consumption of the fourteen food groups was evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire. Excess weight/obesity were computed following the World Health Organization criteria. A hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward's method (i.e., based on squared Euclidean distances) and k-means were performed including all food group consumption. A total sample of 663 was included in the cluster analysis. RESULTS Three different clusters were established. Compared to the healthiest food consumption pattern (Cluster 1), higher odds of excess weight (OR = 1.51; CI: 95%, 1.02-2.25) and obesity (OR = 1.59; CI: 95%, 1.01-2.51) were found for participants with the unhealthiest food consumption pattern (Cluster 3). CONCLUSION Having a food consumption pattern considered unhealthy (i.e., low intake of vegetables/fruits, high consumption of confectionery products, sugar-sweetened beverages, fast-food, and snacks) was associated with presenting excess weight/obesity among Spanish preschoolers. IMPACT No studies have examined the specific food consumption patterns associated with excess weight or obesity among Spanish preschoolers. The unhealthiest food consumption pattern was characterized by a food consumption pattern that included a lower intake of vegetables and fruits and a higher consumption of confectionery products, sugar-sweetened beverages, fast-food, and snacks. Having a food consumption pattern considered unhealthy was associated with a higher prevalence of excess weight and obesity in comparison with other healthier food consumption patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - José Abellán-Huerta
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain
| | - José Abellán-Alemán
- Cátedra de Riesgo Cardiovascular, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro J Tárraga-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Madrigal C, Soto-Méndez MJ, Hernández-Ruiz Á, Ruiz-López MD, Samaniego-Vaesken MDL, Partearroyo T, Varela-Moreiras G, Gil Á. Dietary Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Food Sources of Selected Antioxidant Minerals and Vitamins; and Their Relationship with Personal and Family Factors in Spanish Children Aged 1 to <10 Years: Results from the EsNuPI Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194132. [PMID: 36235784 PMCID: PMC9573671 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Minerals and vitamins involved in the antioxidant defense system are essential for healthy growth and proper development during infancy. Milk and dairy products are of particular importance for improving the supply of these nutrients to children. Indeed, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutrient intake and food sources of zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), retinol and carotenoids (sources of vitamin A), and vitamins C and E, and to analyze their relationships with personal and familiar factors in Spanish children from the EsNuPI study. One subpopulation representative of the Spanish population from 1 to <10 years old (n = 707) (reference group, REF) who reported consuming all types of milk over the last year, and another subpopulation of the same age who reported consuming fortified milk formulas (FMFs) (including follow-on formula, young child formula, growing up milk, toddler’s milk, and enriched and fortified milk) (n = 741) (fortified milk consumers, FMCs) completed two 24 h dietary recalls used to estimate their nutrient intakes and to compare them to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). The REF reported higher median intakes than FMCs for Se (61 µg/kg vs. 51 µg/kg) and carotenoids (1079 µg/day vs. 998 µg/day). Oppositely, FMCs reported higher intakes than REF for Zn (7.9 mg/day vs. 6.9 mg/day), vitamin A (636 µg/day vs. 481 µg/day), vitamin E (8.9 mg/day vs. 4.5 mg/day), vitamin C (113 mg/day vs. 71 mg/day), and retinol (376 µg/day vs. 233 µg/day). In the REF group, more than 50% of the children met the EFSA recommendations for Zn (79.6%), Se (87.1%), vitamin A (71.3%), and vitamin C (96.7%), respectively. On the other hand, 92.2% were below the EFSA recommendations for vitamin E. In the FMC group, more than 50% of the children met the EFSA recommendations for Zn (55.2%), Se (90.8%), vitamin A (75.7%), vitamin E (66.7%), and vitamin C (100%). We found statistically significant differences between subpopulations for all cases except for Se. In both subpopulations, the main sources of all antioxidant nutrients were milk and dairy products. For carotenoids, the main sources were vegetables and fruits followed by milk and dairy products. A high percentage of children had vitamins A and E intakes below the recommendations, information of great importance to stakeholders. More studies using intakes and biomarkers are needed, however, to determine an association with diverse factors of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra Madrigal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - María Dolores Ruiz-López
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - María de Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición Para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Teresa Partearroyo
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición Para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Gregorio Varela-Moreiras
- Grupo USP-CEU de Excelencia “Nutrición Para la Vida (Nutrition for Life)”, Ref: E02/0720, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Fiber Consumption Mediates Differences in Several Gut Microbes in a Subpopulation of Young Mexican Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061214. [PMID: 35334871 PMCID: PMC8954685 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a determinant for bodyweight and gut microbiota composition. Changes in dietary patterns are useful for the prevention and management of overweight and obesity. We aim to evaluate diet behavior and its potential association with selected gut bacteria and body weight among Mexican young adults. Mexican college students aged between 18 and 25 (normal-weight, overweight, and obese) were recruited. Anthropometric variables were recorded. A validated food frequency questionnaire was applied to all the participants. The percentages of macronutrients, fiber, and energy were calculated, and fecal samples were analyzed by real-time-qPCR to quantify selected gut bacteria. All the participants showed an unbalanced dietary pattern. However, the consumption of fruits, non-fat cereals, and oils and fats without protein were higher in the normal-weight individuals. In the overweight/obese participants, fiber intake did not correlate with the microbial variables, while Kcal from protein and Clostridium leptum correlated positively with Lactobacillus. Similarly, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale correlated with Akkermansia muciniphila. In the normal-weight participants, Clostridium leptum and Lactobacillus correlated positively with Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium, respectively, and Bacteroidetes negatively with Akkermansia muciniphila. In conclusion, a higher fiber intake had a positive impact on body weight and bacterial gut composition in this Mexican population of college students.
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Hernández-Ruiz Á, Díaz-Jereda LA, Madrigal C, Soto-Méndez MJ, Kuijsten A, Gil Á. Methodological Aspects of Diet Quality Indicators in Childhood: A Mapping Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2435-2494. [PMID: 34192740 PMCID: PMC8634546 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet quality indicators (DQIns) are tools that aim to assess an individual's overall diet quality. Previous reviews focused mainly on health-related outcomes but did not provide detailed information about components, assessment variables, or important methodological issues for the development and application of DQIns in the pediatric age. The current mapping review aims to provide comprehensive guidance regarding DQIns developed through a priori methodology in children aged ≤14 y that have been applied worldwide. A mapping review was conducted, whereby 1665 original articles describing the development, modifications, and updates of DQIns, published up to June 26, 2020, in English and Spanish, were retrieved. A total of 139 articles were identified and classified into 13 subgroups. There were 10 overall DQIns: Healthy Eating Indexes (n = 25), Dietary Diversity Scores (n = 20), Diet Quality Indexes (n = 16), Food Variety Scores (n = 11), Healthy and Unhealthy Scores (n = 11), Feeding and Eating Indexes (n = 10), Diet Quality Scores (n = 5), Nutritional Adequacy and Micronutrients Indexes (n = 5), Dietary Guidelines Indexes (n = 5), and Other Healthy Diet Indexes (n = 13). Three additional subgroups of dietary and lifestyle indicators found were Mediterranean Diet Indexes (n = 10), Diet-Lifestyle Indexes (n = 5), and Breakfast Quality Indexes (n = 3). This compilation of DQIns will help researchers select the most appropriate tool for future epidemiological studies by considering a careful selection of information about the assessment components, scoring methods, and key methodological issues. The main limitations of this review are that, due to its nature, a risk-of-bias assessment was not performed and the article screening was completed in 2 databases (PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus). More research is needed to identify health-related outcomes associated with DQIns in the pediatric population, using clearer and more standardized methodological criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Casandra Madrigal
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Granada, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Anneleen Kuijsten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ángel Gil
- Iberoamerican Nutrition Foundation (FINUT), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix,” Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada University Hospital Complex, Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Dietary Patterns, Eating Behavior, and Nutrient Intakes of Spanish Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103551. [PMID: 34684552 PMCID: PMC8541028 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating behavior problems are characteristic of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with a highly restricted range of food choices, which may pose an associated risk of nutritional problems. Hence, detailed knowledge of the dietary patterns (DPs) and nutrient intakes of ASD patients is necessary to carry out intervention strategies if required. The present study aimed to determine the DPs and macro-and micronutrient intakes in a sample of Spanish preschool children with ASD compared to typically developing control children. Fifty-four children with ASD (two to six years of age) diagnosed with ASD according to the Diagnostic Manual-5 criteria), and a control group of 57 typically developing children of similar ages were recruited. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used, and the intake of energy and nutrients was estimated through three non-consecutive 24-h dietary registrations. DPs were assessed using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Children with ASD exhibited a DP characterized by high energy and fat intakes and a low intake of vegetables and fruits. Likewise, meat intake of any type, both lean and fatty, was associated with higher consumption of fish and dietary fat. Furthermore, the increased consumption of dairy products was associated with increased consumption of cereals and pasta. In addition, they had frequent consumption of manufactured products with poor nutritional quality, e.g., beverages, sweets, snacks and bakery products. The percentages of children with ASD complying with the adequacy of nutrient intakes were higher for energy, saturated fat, calcium, and vitamin C, and lower for iron, iodine, and vitamins of group B when compared with control children. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the need to assess the DPs and nutrient intakes of children with ASD to correct their alterations and discard some potential nutritional diseases.
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Ushula TW, Lahmann PH, Mamun A, Wang WYS, Williams GM, Najman JM. Lifestyle correlates of dietary patterns among young adults: evidence from an Australian birth cohort. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-12. [PMID: 34486516 PMCID: PMC9991692 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies of sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of dietary patterns among young adults have primarily focused on physical activity and smoking, with inconclusive results. This study aims to examine the associations between a broader range of lifestyles of young adults and their patterns of food consumption. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Brisbane, Australia. PARTICIPANTS The data set are from a long running birth cohort study which commenced in 1981. Details of dietary intake and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were from the 21-year follow-up of the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) birth cohort. The effective cohort (n 2665, 57 % women) is of young adult offspring. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Data on sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were obtained from self-reports. RESULTS Western and prudent dietary patterns were identified for the combined cohort of women and men using principal components analysis. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations between lifestyle variables and dietary patterns adjusting for potential confounders. Results from multivariable adjusted models showed that physical activity, watching TV and smoking were strongly associated with each dietary pattern; alcohol consumption and BMI showed weaker associations (P < 0·05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Our study describes a clustering of unhealthy lifestyles in young adults. Young adults with unhealthy lifestyles less often adhere to a healthy prudent dietary pattern and more often an unhealthy Western pattern. Dietary preferences are enmeshed in a lifestyle matrix which includes physical activity, sedentary activity, smoking and alcohol consumption of young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolassa W Ushula
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Petra H Lahmann
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- The Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- The Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - William YS Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jake M Najman
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Gil-Campos M, Pérez-Ferreirós A, Llorente-Cantarero FJ, Anguita-Ruiz A, Bedoya-Carpente JJ, Kalén A, Moreno LA, Bueno G, Gil Á, Aguilera CM, Leis R. Association of Diet, Physical Activity Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092954. [PMID: 34578831 PMCID: PMC8466174 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to identify different dietary and physical activity (PA) patterns in 5- to 14-year-old children with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity using cluster analysis based on their adherence to the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition dietary guidelines and levels of PA, and to determine their associations with age, sex, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk markers. In 549 children, hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups with similar adherence to dietary recommendations and level of PA. Three clusters were identified: Cluster 1, with the lowest level of vigorous PA and adherence to dietary recommendations; Cluster 2, with the lowest levels of moderate and vigorous PA and the highest adherence to dietary recommendations; and Cluster 3, with the highest level of PA, especially vigorous PA and a medium level adherence to dietary recommendations. Cluster 3 had lower total body fat and higher lean body mass percentages than Cluster 2. Cluster 2 had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than Cluster 1. The results from our study suggest that it is important to consider adherence to PA recommendations together with adherence to dietary guidelines to understand patterns of obesogenic habits in pediatric populations with high prevalence of overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Gil-Campos
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (F.J.L.-C.); (A.A.-R.); (L.A.M.); (Á.G.); (C.M.A.)
- Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimónides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alexandra Pérez-Ferreirós
- Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-F.); (J.J.B.-C.); (A.K.)
| | - Francisco Jesús Llorente-Cantarero
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (F.J.L.-C.); (A.A.-R.); (L.A.M.); (Á.G.); (C.M.A.)
- Department of Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (F.J.L.-C.); (A.A.-R.); (L.A.M.); (Á.G.); (C.M.A.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute (IBS), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan José Bedoya-Carpente
- Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-F.); (J.J.B.-C.); (A.K.)
| | - Anton Kalén
- Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-F.); (J.J.B.-C.); (A.K.)
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (F.J.L.-C.); (A.A.-R.); (L.A.M.); (Á.G.); (C.M.A.)
- GENUD Research Group, Institute of Sanitary Research of Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Agri-Food Institute of Aragon (IA2), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gloria Bueno
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (F.J.L.-C.); (A.A.-R.); (L.A.M.); (Á.G.); (C.M.A.)
- GENUD Research Group, Institute of Sanitary Research of Aragón (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Agri-Food Institute of Aragon (IA2), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Clinical Hospital Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (R.L.); Tel.: +34-619223420 (G.B.); +34-619019196 (R.L.)
| | - Ángel Gil
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (F.J.L.-C.); (A.A.-R.); (L.A.M.); (Á.G.); (C.M.A.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute (IBS), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción M. Aguilera
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (F.J.L.-C.); (A.A.-R.); (L.A.M.); (Á.G.); (C.M.A.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute (IBS), 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Rosaura Leis
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (F.J.L.-C.); (A.A.-R.); (L.A.M.); (Á.G.); (C.M.A.)
- Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-F.); (J.J.B.-C.); (A.K.)
- Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Service, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Sanitary Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CHUS–USC, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (R.L.); Tel.: +34-619223420 (G.B.); +34-619019196 (R.L.)
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Li H, Zeng X, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zhu Y, Li X, Hu A, Zhao Q, Yang W. A prospective study of healthful and unhealthful plant-based diet and risk of overall and cause-specific mortality. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:387-398. [PMID: 34379193 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although emphasis has recently been placed on the importance of diet high in plant-based foods, the association between plant-based diet and long-term risk of overall and cause-specific mortality has been less studied. We aimed to investigate whether plant-based diet was associated with lower death risk. METHODS This prospective cohort study used data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diet was assessed using 24 h dietary recalls. We created three plant-based diet indices including an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), a healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and an unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). Deaths from baseline until December 31, 2015, were identified. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox regression. RESULTS We documented 4904 deaths among 40,074 participants after a median follow-up of 7.8 years. Greater adherence to PDI was associated with lower risk of overall (HR comparing extreme quintiles 0.80, 95% CI 0.73, 0.89, ptrend < 0.001) and cancer-specific (HR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.55, 0.85, ptrend < 0.001) mortality. These inverse associations remained for hPDI and overall mortality with a HR of 0.86 (95% CI 0.77, 0.95, ptrend = 0.001), but not for cancer or CVD mortality. Conversely, uPDI was associated with higher risk of total (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.19, 1.48, ptrend < 0.001) and CVD-specific (HR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.12, 1.79, ptrend = 0.015) mortality. CONCLUSIONS Increased intake of a plant-based diet rich in healthier plant foods is associated with lower mortality risk, whereas a plant-based diet that emphasizes less-healthy plant foods is associated with high mortality risk among US adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xufen Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiude Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Anla Hu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wanshui Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Study On Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Potential of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Profile as a Novel Inflammatory Biomarker to Distinguish Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Children. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050337. [PMID: 33922764 PMCID: PMC8145511 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has been described as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, without metabolic disorders traditionally associated with obesity. Beyond this definition, a standardized criterion, for adults and children, has not been established yet to explain the absence of those metabolic disorders. In this context, biomarkers of inflammation have been proposed as suitable candidates to describe MHO. The use of mature red blood cell fatty acid (RBC FA) profile is here proposed since its membrane lipidome includes biomarkers of pro- and anti-inflammatory conditions with a strict relationship with metabolic and nutritional status. An observational study was carried out in 194 children (76 children with obesity and 118 children with normal weight) between 6 and 16 years old. RBC FAs were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). An unsupervised hierarchical clustering method was conducted on children with obesity, based on the RBC FA profile, to isolate the MHO cluster. The MHO cluster showed FA levels similar to children with normal weight, characterized by lower values of arachidonic acid, (total ω-6 FA, ω6/ω3 FA ratios and higher values for EPA, DHA, and total ω-3 FA) (for all of them p ≤ 0.01) compared to the rest of the children with obesity (obese cluster). The MHO cluster also presented lipid indexes for higher desaturase enzymatic activity and lower SFA/MUFA ratio compared to the obese cluster. These differences are relevant for the follow-up of patients, also in view of personalized protocols providing tailored nutritional recommendations for the essential fatty acid intakes.
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Examining Heterogeneity of Food Fortification and Biofortification Business Models: Emerging Evidence for a Typology. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041233. [PMID: 33917974 PMCID: PMC8068339 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts to address Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) in lower-and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been gaining pace in recent years. Commodities such as staple foods (e.g., cereals, roots, and tubers) and condiments (e.g., salt) have been targeted as ‘vehicles’ for fortification and biofortification through numerous projects and initiatives. To date, there have been mixed experiences with delivery and coverage with very little documented on the range of business models applied in different geographies, business conditions and polities and this makes classification and measurement of success and failure difficult. This research aims to address this gap in knowledge through proposing a typology that clarifies similarities (internal heterogeneity) and differences (external heterogeneity) between models and that can allow all types to be defined by the combination of attributes. Building on a comprehensive literature review; NVivo was used to code initiatives from 34 key references (955 cases in total) which have been grouped into 17 categories. Using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) we find evidence of four business model groupings that typify fortification initiatives: (1) Large-scale private, unregulated, (2) Mixed-Scale, private, unregulated (3) Large-scale, public-private, regulated; and (4) Large-scale, private, regulated. We characterise these four groups with country examples and suggest that this typology can help the discourse around viability of food fortification initiatives.
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Martinón-Torres N, Carreira N, Picáns-Leis R, Pérez-Ferreirós A, Kalén A, Leis R. Baby-Led Weaning: What Role Does It Play in Obesity Risk during the First Years? A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031009. [PMID: 33800994 PMCID: PMC8003981 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood is a window of opportunity for the prevention of the obesity pandemic. Since “the first 1000 days of life” is a period in which healthy eating habits must be acquired, it should be the target for preventive strategies. Baby-led weaning (BLW) is an emergent way of weaning that could influence children’s health. The nutrition committees of the main pediatric societies affirm there is not enough evidence to support which is the best method of weaning. The aim was to determinate the influence of BLW on the infant’s weight gain compared to the traditional spoon-feeding, and to assess if it could decrease the risk of obesity in children. A systematic review was conducted, following the PRISMA method. Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched. Out of 747 articles, eight studies (2875 total infants) were included (two randomized control trials, 6 observational studies). Results were indecisive, while some studies seem to demonstrate lower weight gain in infants that apply BLW, others show inconclusive results. The risk of bias in all included studies was moderate or high. In conclusion, more clinical trials and prospective studies should be done prior to providing a general recommendation about the best method of weaning to reduce the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareth Martinón-Torres
- Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Service, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.M.-T.); (N.C.)
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Sanitary Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CHUS-USC, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nathalie Carreira
- Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Service, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.M.-T.); (N.C.)
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Sanitary Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CHUS-USC, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosaura Picáns-Leis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Alexandra Pérez-Ferreirós
- Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15701 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-F.); (A.K.)
| | - Anton Kalén
- Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15701 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-F.); (A.K.)
| | - Rosaura Leis
- Unit of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Service, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (N.M.-T.); (N.C.)
- Pediatric Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Sanitary Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), CHUS-USC, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Unit of Investigation in Human Nutrition, Growth and Development of Galicia (GALINUT), University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15701 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-F.); (A.K.)
- CIBEROBN, (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition) Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-981-951-116
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Wärnberg J, Pérez-Farinós N, Benavente-Marín JC, Gómez SF, Labayen I, G. Zapico A, Gusi N, Aznar S, Alcaraz PE, González-Valeiro M, Serra-Majem L, Terrados N, Tur JA, Segú M, Lassale C, Homs C, Oses M, González-Gross M, Sánchez-Gómez J, Jiménez-Zazo F, Marín-Cascales E, Sevilla-Sánchez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Pulgar S, Bibiloni MDM, Sancho-Moron O, Schröder H, Barón-López FJ. Screen Time and Parents' Education Level Are Associated with Poor Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents: The PASOS Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:795. [PMID: 33669366 PMCID: PMC7920265 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate if screen time and parents' education levels are associated with adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. This cross-sectional study analyzed a representative sample of 3333 children and adolescents (8 to 16 years) included in the Physical Activity, Sedentarism, lifestyles and Obesity in Spanish youth (PASOS) study in Spain (which ran from March 2019 to February 2020). Data on screen time (television, computer, video games, and mobile phone) per day, Mediterranean diet adherence, daily moderate or vigorous physical activity, and parents' education levels were gathered using questionnaires. A descriptive study of the variables according to sex and parents' education level was performed. Logistic regression models (adjusted by sex and weight status) were fitted to evaluate the independent association between screen time and Kids' level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (KIDMED) index, as well as some of its items. A greater amount of screen time was associated with worse adherence to the Mediterranean diet; a lower consumption of fruit, vegetables, fish, legumes, and nuts; and a greater consumption of fast food, sweets, and candies. A lower parents' education level was associated with worse adherence to the Mediterranean diet. It is necessary to promote the responsible, limited use of screen time, especially in children with parents with a lower education level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wärnberg
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.W.); (J.C.B.-M.); (F.J.B.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
| | - Napoleón Pérez-Farinós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.W.); (J.C.B.-M.); (F.J.B.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
| | - Santiago Felipe Gómez
- Programs, Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.G.); (C.H.)
- GREpS, Health Education Research Group, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (I.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Augusto G. Zapico
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Didactics of Language, Arts and Physical Education, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcis Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (N.G.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.A.); (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Pedro Emilio Alcaraz
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30830 Murcia, Spain; (P.E.A.); (E.M.-C.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Valeiro
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15179 A Coruña, Spain; (M.G.-V.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Nicolás Terrados
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine–Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés and Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33401 Avilés, Spain; (N.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Research Group of Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marta Segú
- Probitas Foundation, 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.); (O.S.-M.)
| | - Camille Lassale
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Clara Homs
- Programs, Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, 08830 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.G.); (C.H.)
- Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW), Blanquerna Ramon Llull University Faculty of Health Sciences, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maddi Oses
- ELIKOS Group, Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain; (I.L.); (M.O.)
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Gómez
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain; (N.G.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Fabio Jiménez-Zazo
- PAFS Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha-Toledo Campus, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (S.A.); (F.J.-Z.)
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- Research Center for High Performance Sport, San Antonio Catholic University of Murcia, 30830 Murcia, Spain; (P.E.A.); (E.M.-C.)
| | - Marta Sevilla-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, Universidade da Coruña, 15179 A Coruña, Spain; (M.G.-V.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Estefanía Herrera-Ramos
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain;
| | - Susana Pulgar
- Regional Unit of Sports Medicine–Municipal Sports Foundation of Avilés and Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33401 Avilés, Spain; (N.T.); (S.P.)
| | - María del Mar Bibiloni
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
- Research Group of Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and IDISBA, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Javier Barón-López
- Epi-Phaan Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.W.); (J.C.B.-M.); (F.J.B.-L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.S.-M.); (J.A.T.); (C.L.); (M.G.-G.); (M.d.M.B.)
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20
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Dietary Patterns and Their Association with Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Markers in Children and Adolescents: Genobox Cohort. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113424. [PMID: 33171599 PMCID: PMC7695147 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a key factor for obesity development; however, limited data are available on dietary cluster analysis in children with obesity. We aimed to assess the associations between dietary patterns and obesity and several cardiometabolic markers. Anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance, blood pressure and plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial damage were determined in 674 Caucasian children, aged 5-16, with normal or excess weight. Using a food frequency questionnaire and cluster analysis, two consistent dietary patterns were shown, labeled as health conscious (HC) and sweet and processed (SP). The HC pattern included a greater proportion of participants with overweight/obesity than the SP cluster (80.1% vs. 63.8%). However, children with obesity within the HC cluster, showed less abdominal fat, through waist to hip (0.93 vs. 0.94) and waist to height (0.61 vs. 0.63) indexes (p < 0.01). Univariate general models showed several additional differences in cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in the global and stratified analyses, with a healthier profile being observed mainly in the HC cluster. However, multivariate models questioned these findings and pointed out the need for further studies in this field. Anyhow, our findings support the benefits of a healthy diet and highlight the importance of dietary patterns in the cardiometabolic risk assessment of children with overweight/obesity, beyond weight control.
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