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Berni Canani R, Carucci L, Coppola S, D'Auria E, O'Mahony L, Roth-Walter F, Vassilopolou E, Agostoni C, Agache I, Akdis C, De Giovanni Di Santa Severina F, Faketea G, Greenhawt M, Hoffman K, Hufnagel K, Meyer R, Milani GP, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Nwaru B, Padua I, Paparo L, Diego P, Reese I, Roduit C, Smith PK, Santos A, Untersmayr E, Vlieg-Boerstra B, Venter C. Ultra-processed foods, allergy outcomes and underlying mechanisms in children: An EAACI task force report. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2024; 35:e14231. [PMID: 39254357 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of ultra-processed foods [UPFs] may be associated with negative health outcomes. Limited data exist regarding the potential role of UPFs in the occurrence of allergic diseases. The underlying mechanisms underpinning any such associations are also poorly elucidated. METHODS We performed a systematic review and narrative evidence synthesis of the available literature to assess associations between UPF consumption and pediatric allergy outcomes (n = 26 papers), including data on the association seen with the gut microbiome (n = 16 papers) or immune system (n = 3 papers) structure and function following PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Dietary exposure to fructose, carbonated soft drinks, and sugar intake was associated with an increased risk of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergies in children. Commercial baby food intake was associated with childhood food allergy. Childhood intake of fructose, fruit juices, sugar-sweetened beverages, high carbohydrate UPFs, monosodium glutamate, UPFs, and advanced glycated end-products (AGEs) was associated with the occurrence of allergic diseases. Exposure to UPFs and common ingredients in UPFs seem to be associated with increased occurrence of allergic diseases such as asthma, wheezing, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis, in many, but not all studies. CONCLUSION More preclinical and clinical studies are required to better define the link between UPF consumption and the risk of allergies and asthma. These observational studies ideally require supporting data with clearly defined UPF consumption, validated dietary measures, and mechanistic assessments to definitively link UPFs with the risk of allergies and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Carucci
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Coppola
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Enza D'Auria
- Allergy Unit-Buzzi Children's Hospital-University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine, School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Franziska Roth-Walter
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Medical University and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilia Vassilopolou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Iaona Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Fiorenza De Giovanni Di Santa Severina
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaby Faketea
- Department of Pediatrics, "Karamandaneio" Children's Hospital of Patra, Patras, Greece
- Department of Pharmacology, "luliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Matt Greenhawt
- Section of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Karin Hoffman
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hufnagel
- Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Medical University and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rosan Meyer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Winchester University, Winchester, UK
- Department of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bright Nwaru
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ines Padua
- Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences, Gandra, Portugal
- i4HB/UCIBIO - Translational Toxicology Research Laboratory, Gandra, Portugal
- CUF Porto Trindade Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lorella Paparo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Peroni Diego
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Imke Reese
- Practice for Dietary Advice & Nutrition Therapy in Adverse Food Reactions, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Roduit
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- CK-CARE, Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Peter K Smith
- Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexandra Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Berber Vlieg-Boerstra
- Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Rijnstate Allergy Centre, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Carina Venter
- Section of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Whelan K, Bancil AS, Lindsay JO, Chassaing B. Ultra-processed foods and food additives in gut health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:406-427. [PMID: 38388570 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and food additives have become ubiquitous components of the modern human diet. There is increasing evidence of an association between diets rich in UPFs and gut disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and irritable bowel syndrome. Food additives are added to many UPFs and have themselves been shown to affect gut health. For example, evidence shows that some emulsifiers, sweeteners, colours, and microparticles and nanoparticles have effects on a range of outcomes, including the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammation. Broadly speaking, evidence for the effect of UPFs on gut disease comes from observational epidemiological studies, whereas, by contrast, evidence for the effect of food additives comes largely from preclinical studies conducted in vitro or in animal models. Fewer studies have investigated the effect of UPFs or food additives on gut health and disease in human intervention studies. Hence, the aim of this article is to critically review the evidence for the effects of UPF and food additives on gut health and disease and to discuss the clinical application of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Aaron S Bancil
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James O Lindsay
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK
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Ju H, Zhang J, Zou Y, Xie F, Tang X, Zhang S, Li J. Bacteria undergo significant shifts while archaea maintain stability in Pocillopora damicornis under sustained heat stress. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118469. [PMID: 38354884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Global warming reportedly poses a critical risk to coral reef ecosystems. Bacteria and archaea are crucial components of the coral holobiont. The response of archaea associated with warming is less well understood than that of the bacterial community in corals. Also, there have been few studies on the dynamics of the microbial community in the coral holobiont under long-term heat stress. In order to track the dynamic alternations in the microbial communities within the heat-stressed coral holobiont, three-week heat-stress monitoring was carried out on the coral Pocillopora damicornis. The findings demonstrate that the corals were stressed at 32 °C, and showed a gradual decrease in Symbiodiniaceae density with increasing duration of heat stress. The archaeal community in the coral holobiont remained relatively unaltered by the increasing temperature, whereas the bacterial community was considerably altered. Sustained heat stress exacerbated the dissimilarities among parallel samples of the bacterial community, confirming the Anna Karenina Principle in animal microbiomes. Heat stress leads to more complex and unstable microbial networks, characterized by an increased average degree and decreased modularity, respectively. With the extension of heat stress duration, the relative abundances of the gene (nifH) and genus (Tistlia) associated with nitrogen fixation increased in coral samples, as well as the potential pathogenic bacteria (Flavobacteriales) and opportunistic bacteria (Bacteroides). Hence, our findings suggest that coral hosts might recruit nitrogen-fixing bacteria during the initial stages of suffering heat stress. An environment that is conducive to the colonization and development of opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria when the coral host becomes more susceptible as heat stress duration increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyang Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Feiyang Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Si Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Brichacek AL, Florkowski M, Abiona E, Frank KM. Ultra-Processed Foods: A Narrative Review of the Impact on the Human Gut Microbiome and Variations in Classification Methods. Nutrients 2024; 16:1738. [PMID: 38892671 PMCID: PMC11174918 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are foods that are industrially processed and are often pre-packaged, convenient, energy-dense, and nutrient-poor. UPFs are widespread in the current Western diet and their proposed contribution to non-communicable diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular disease is supported by numerous studies. UPFs are hypothesized to affect the body in multiple ways, including by inducing changes in the gut microbiome. This review summarizes the available research on the effect of UPFs on the gut microbiome. We also review current usage of the NOVA food classification system in randomized controlled trials and observational studies and how its implementation effects UPF research. Despite some differences in methodology between studies, results often associate UPF consumption with a number of negative health consequences. There are attempts to standardize a UPF classification system; however, reaching and implementing a consensus is difficult. Future studies focusing on the mechanisms by which UPFs effect the body, including through the microbiome and metabolome, will be essential to refine our understanding of the effects of UPFs on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karen M. Frank
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Building 10, 10 Center Drive MSC 1508, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.L.B.); (M.F.); (E.A.)
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Nguélé AT, Carrara C, Mozzicafreddo M, Chen H, Piersanti A, Salum SS, Ali SM, Miceli C. Association between Food or Nutrients and Gut Microbiota in Healthy and Helminth-Infected Women of Reproductive Age from Zanzibar, Tanzania. Nutrients 2024; 16:1266. [PMID: 38732513 PMCID: PMC11085056 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulating the gut microbiota is recognised as one strategy for preventing and fighting diseases. While the significant impact of diet on the gut microbiota's composition and function has been extensively researched, there is a notable lack of studies on the interactions between diet, microbiota, and helminth infections. Here, we used a combination of self-reported food intake and a 16S rDNA sequencing approach to analyse the composition of the gut microbiota in women of reproductive age from the two main islands of the Zanzibar archipelago, where helminth infections are endemic. We also applied a Spearman correlation analysis to food/nutrients and gut microbiota. Our results reveal that, despite close ethnic and cultural ties, the participants' gut microbiota differs depending on their location. A nutrient intake analysis revealed deficiencies in minerals and vitamins, indicating an imbalanced diet. A correlation analysis identified bacterial taxa consistently correlated with specific food or nutrients in healthy women from both locations, and in two types of helminth infections. Escherichia/Shigella abundances, usually associated with Trichuris trichiura infection, consistently correlated with insufficient levels of vitamins B2 and B12. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the increased consumption of specific food like cassava and fish, as well as essential nutrients such as calcium, B vitamins, and vitamin A, may modulate the gut microbiota of populations residing in regions where helminth infections are endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Toussaint Nguélé
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.T.N.); (C.C.); (H.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Chiara Carrara
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.T.N.); (C.C.); (H.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Matteo Mozzicafreddo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Hongliang Chen
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.T.N.); (C.C.); (H.C.); (A.P.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Angela Piersanti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.T.N.); (C.C.); (H.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Salum Seif Salum
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, State University of Zanzibar, Zanzibar 146, Tanzania;
| | - Said M. Ali
- Public Health Laboratory Ivo de Carneri, Chake Chake 122, Tanzania;
| | - Cristina Miceli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (A.T.N.); (C.C.); (H.C.); (A.P.)
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Thaise de Oliveira Faoro D, Artuzo FD, Rossi Borges JA, Foguesatto CR, Dewes H, Talamini E. Are organics more nutritious than conventional foods? A comprehensive systematic review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28288. [PMID: 38571600 PMCID: PMC10987935 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing consumer interest fueled by the belief in the superiority of organic foods raises questions about their actual nutritional superiority over conventional ones. This assumption remains a controversial issue. The present study addresses scientific evidence to clarify this controversy and provide relevant insights for informed decision-making regarding dietary choices. We collected 147 scientific articles containing 656 comparative analyses based on 1779 samples of 68 vegetable, fruit, and other (cereals, pulses, etc.) foods, 22 nutritional properties, and nine residues. Results show that in 191 (29.1%) comparisons, there were significant differences between organic and conventional foods. In a similar quantity of cases (190; 29.0%), there were divergences in the results since some studies reported significant differences while others did not. Finally, most of the comparative analyses (275; 41.9%) showed no significant difference between organic and conventional foods. Therefore, the results herein show no generalizable superiority of organic over conventional foods. Claims for nutritious advantages would eventually be applied to specific comparisons, depending on the food type and nutritional parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Thaise de Oliveira Faoro
- Interdisciplinary Center for Studies and Research in Agribusiness – CEPAN, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dalzotto Artuzo
- Brazilian Institute of Bioeconomy – INBBIO. Bioeconomics Applied to Agribusiness Research Group. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Homero Dewes
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, and Interdisciplinary Center for Studies and Research in Agribusiness – CEPAN, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Brazil
| | - Edson Talamini
- Department of Economics and International Relations – DERI, Faculty of Economics – FCE, and Bioeconomics Applied to Agribusiness Research Group, Interdisciplinary Center for Studies and Research in Agribusiness – CEPAN, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Brazil
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Luo J, Luo M, Kaminga AC, Wei J, Dai W, Peng Y, Zhao K, Duan Y, Xiao X, Ouyang S, Yao Z, Liu Y, Pan X. Integrative metabolomics highlights gut microbiota metabolites as novel NAFLD-related candidate biomarkers in children. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0523022. [PMID: 38445874 PMCID: PMC10986516 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05230-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered gut microbiota and metabolites are important for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. We aimed to comprehensively examine the effects of gut metabolites on NAFLD progression. We performed integrative metabolomics (untargeted discovery and targeted validation) analysis of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and obesity in children. Fecal samples were collected from 75 subjects in the discovery cohort (25 NAFL, 25 NASH, and 25 obese control children) and 145 subjects in an independent validation cohort (53 NAFL, 39 NASH, and 53 obese control children). Among 2,491 metabolites, untargeted metabolomics revealed a complete NAFLD metabolic map containing 318 increased and 123 decreased metabolites. Then, machine learning selected 65 important metabolites that can distinguish the severity of the NAFLD. Furthermore, precision-targeted metabolomics selected 5 novel gut metabolites from 20 typical metabolites. The functionality of candidate metabolites was validated in hepatocyte cell lines. In the end, this study annotated two novel elevated pathogenic metabolites (dodecanoic acid and creatinine) and a relationship between depleted protective gut microbiota (Butyricicoccus and Alistipes), increased inflammation (IL-1β), lipid metabolism (TG), and liver function (ALT and AST). This study demonstrates the role of novel gut metabolites (dodecanoic acid and creatinine), as the fatty acid metabolism regulator contributing to NAFLD development through its influence on inflammation and liver function. IMPORTANCE Altered gut microbiota and metabolites are a major cause of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. This study demonstrated a complete gut metabolic map of children with NAFLD, containing 318 increased and 123 decreased metabolites by untargeted metabolomic. Multiple validation approaches (machine learning and targeted metabolomic) selected five novel gut metabolites for targeted metabolomics, which can distinguish NAFLD status and severity. The gut microbiota (Butyricicoccus and Alistipes) and metabolites (creatinine and dodecanoic acid) were novel biomarkers associated with impaired liver function and inflammation and validated by experiments of hepatocyte cell lines. The data provide a better understanding of the importance of gut microbiota and metabolite alterations in NAFLD, which implies that the altered gut microbiota and metabolites may represent a potential target to prevent NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayou Luo
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miyang Luo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jia Wei
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Dai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunlong Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kunyan Zhao
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yamei Duan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - SiSi Ouyang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yixu Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongfeng Pan
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, China
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Jiang Y, Zhao L, Ma J, Yang Y, Zhang B, Xu J, Dhondrup R, Wong TW, Zhang D. Preventive mechanisms of Chinese Tibetan medicine Triphala against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155229. [PMID: 38006804 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triphala (TLP), as a Chinese Tibetan medicine composing of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellirica (1.2:1.5:1), exhibited hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and gut microbiota modulatory effects. Nonetheless, its roles in prevention of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the related mechanistic insights involving the interplay of gut microbiota and hepatic inflammation are not known. PURPOSE The present study seeks to determine if TLP would prevent HFD-induced NAFLD in vivo and its underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of gut microbiota, metabolites, and hepatic inflammation. METHODS TLP was subjected to extraction and chemo-profiling, and in vivo evaluation in HFD-fed rats on hepatic lipid and inflammation, intestinal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and permeability, and body weight and fat content profiles. RESULTS The TLP was primarily constituted of gallic acid, corilagin and chebulagic acid. Orally administered HFD-fed rats with TLP were characterized by the growth of Ligilactobacillus and Akkermansia, and SCFAs (acetic/propionic/butyric acid) secretion which led to increased claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 expression that reduced the mucosal permeability to migration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into blood and liver. Coupling with hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride lowering actions, the TLP mitigated both inflammatory (ALT, AST, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and pro-inflammatory (TLR4, MYD88 and NF-κB P65) activities of liver, and sequel to histopathological development of NAFLD in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSION TLP is promisingly an effective therapy to prevent NAFLD through modulating gut microbiota, mucosal permeability and SCFAs secretion with liver fat and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yongjing Yang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Benyin Zhang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | | | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High-Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, China; College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, China.
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9
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de la Cuesta-Zuluaga J, Huus KE, Youngblut ND, Escobar JS, Ley RE. Obesity is the main driver of altered gut microbiome functions in the metabolically unhealthy. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2246634. [PMID: 37680093 PMCID: PMC10486298 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2246634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity (OB) and cardiometabolic disease are major public health issues linked to changes in the gut microbiome. OB and poor cardiometabolic health status (CHS) are often comorbid, which hinders efforts to identify components of the microbiome uniquely linked to either one. Here, we used a deeply phenotyped cohort of 408 adults from Colombia, including subjects with OB, unhealthy CHS, or both, to validate previously reported features of gut microbiome function and diversity independently correlated with OB or CHS using fecal metagenomes. OB was defined by body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat; CHS as healthy or unhealthy according to blood biochemistry and anthropometric data. We found that OB, more so than metabolic status, drove associations with gut microbiome structure and functions. The microbiome of obese individuals with and without co-existing unhealthy CHS was characterized by reduced metagenomic diversity, reduced fermentative potential and elevated capacity to respond to oxidative stress and produce bacterial antigens. Disease-linked features were correlated with increased host blood pressure and inflammatory markers, and were mainly contributed by members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Our results link OB with a microbiome able to tolerate an inflammatory and oxygenated gut state, and suggest that OB is the main driver of microbiome functional differences when poor CHS is a comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey E. Huus
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicholas D. Youngblut
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juan S. Escobar
- Vidarium–Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ruth E. Ley
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Castonguay-Paradis S, Perron J, Flamand N, Lamarche B, Raymond F, Di Marzo V, Veilleux A. Dietary food patterns as determinants of the gut microbiome-endocannabinoidome axis in humans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15702. [PMID: 37735572 PMCID: PMC10514042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota and the endocannabinoidome (eCBome) play important roles in regulating energy homeostasis, and both are closely linked to dietary habits. However, the complex and compositional nature of these variables has limited our understanding of their interrelationship. This study aims to decipher the interrelation between dietary intake and the gut microbiome-eCBome axis using two different approaches for measuring dietary intake: one based on whole food and the other on macronutrient intakes. We reveal that food patterns, rather than macronutrient intakes, were associated with the gut microbiome-eCBome axis in a sample of healthy men and women (n = 195). N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and gut microbial families were correlated with intakes of vegetables, refined grains, olive oil and meats independently of adiposity and energy intakes. Specifically, higher intakes in vegetables and olive oil were associated with increased relative abundance of Clostridiaceae, Veillonellaceae and Peptostreptococaceae, decreased relative abundance of Acidominococaceae, higher circulating levels of NAEs, and higher HDL and LDL cholesterol levels. Our findings highlight the relative importance of food patterns in determining the gut microbiome-eCBome axis. They emphasize the importance of recognizing the contribution of dietary habits in these systems to develop personalized dietary interventions for preventing and treating metabolic disorders through this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Castonguay-Paradis
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Perron
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Université Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Veilleux
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- École de Nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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11
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Johnson AJ. Connecting the Healthy Eating Index With Microbiota Diversity. J Nutr 2023; 153:1846-1847. [PMID: 37187354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail J Johnson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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12
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Gu XM, Lu CY, Pan J, Ye JZ, Zhu QH. Alteration of intestinal microbiota is associated with diabetic retinopathy and its severity: Samples collected from southeast coast Chinese. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:862-882. [PMID: 37383585 PMCID: PMC10294055 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current approaches for the therapy of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which was one of leading causes of visual impairment, have their limitations. Animal experiments revealed that restructuring of intestinal microbiota can prevent retinopathy.
AIM To explore the relationship between intestinal microbiota and DR among patients in the southeast coast of China, and provide clues for novel ways to prevention and treatment methods of DR.
METHODS The fecal samples of non-diabetics (Group C, n = 15) and diabetics (Group DM, n = 30), including 15 samples with DR (Group DR) and 15 samples without DR (Group D), were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Intestinal microbiota compositions were compared between Group C and Group DM, Group DR and Group D, as well as patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (Group PDR, n = 8) and patients without PDR (Group NPDR, n = 7). Spearman correlation analyses were performed to explore the associations between intestinal microbiota and clinical indicators.
RESULTS The alpha and beta diversity did not differ significantly between Group DR and Group D as well as Group PDR and Group NPDR. At the family level, Fusobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were significantly increased in Group DR than in Group D (P < 0.05, respectively). At the genera level, Fusobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Adlercreutzia were increased in Group DR than Group D while Senegalimassilia was decreased (P < 0.05, respectively). Pseudomonas was negatively correlated with NK cell count (r = -0.39, P = 0.03). Further, the abundance of genera Eubacterium (P < 0.01), Peptococcus, Desulfovibrio, Acetanaerobacterium and Negativibacillus (P < 0.05, respectively) were higher in Group PDR compared to Group NPDR, while Pseudomonas, Alloprevotella and Tyzzerella (P < 0.05, respectively) were lower. Acetanaerobacterium and Desulfovibrio were positively correlated with fasting insulin (r = 0.53 and 0.61, respectively, P < 0.05), when Negativibacillus was negatively correlated with B cell count (r = -0.67, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that the alteration of gut microbiota was associated with DR and its severity among patients in the southeast coast of China, probably by multiple mechanisms such as producing short-chain fatty acids, influencing permeability of blood vessels, affecting levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, B cell and insulin. Modulating gut microbiota composition might be a novel strategy for prevention of DR, particularly PDR in population above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao-Yin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qi-Han Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
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13
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Wang Y, Uffelman CN, Bergia RE, Clark CM, Reed JB, Cross TWL, Lindemann SR, Tang M, Campbell WW. Meat Consumption and Gut Microbiota: a Scoping Review of Literature and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:215-237. [PMID: 36822879 PMCID: PMC10229385 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging research indicates the importance of gut microbiota in mediating the relationship between meat intake and human health outcomes. We aimed to assess the state of available scientific literature on meat intake and gut microbiota in humans (PROSPERO, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42020135649). We first conducted a scoping review to identify observational and interventional studies on this topic. Searches were performed for English language articles using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL (Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) databases from inception to August 2021 and using keywords related to meat (inclusive of mammalian, avian, and aquatic subtypes) and gut microbiota. Of 14,680 records, 85 eligible articles were included in the scoping review, comprising 57 observational and 28 interventional studies. One prospective observational study and 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified in adults without diagnosed disease. We included the 13 RCTs, comprising 18 comparisons, in the systematic review to assess the effects of higher and lower intakes of total meat and meat subtypes on the gut microbiota composition. The bacterial composition was differentially affected by consuming diets with and without meat or with varied meat subtypes. For example, higher meat intake tended to decrease population sizes of genera Anerostipes and Faecalibacterium, but it increased the population size of Roseburia across studies. However, the magnitude and directionality of most microbial responses varied, with inconsistent patterns of responses across studies. The data were insufficient for comparison within or between meat subtypes. The paucity of research, especially among meat subtypes, and heterogeneity of findings underscore the need for more well-designed prospective studies and full-feeding RCTs to address the relationships between and effects of consuming total meat and meat subtypes on gut microbiota, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Cassi N Uffelman
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Robert E Bergia
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Caroline M Clark
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jason B Reed
- Libraries and School of Information Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Minghua Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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14
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Kann S, Eberhardt K, Hinz R, Schwarz NG, Dib JC, Aristizabal A, Mendoza GAC, Hagen RM, Frickmann H, Barrantes I, Kreikemeyer B. The Gut Microbiome of an Indigenous Agropastoralist Population in a Remote Area of Colombia with High Rates of Gastrointestinal Infections and Dysbiosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:625. [PMID: 36985199 PMCID: PMC10052337 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An Indigenous agropastoralist population called the Wiwa from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in North-East Colombia, shows high rates of gastrointestinal infections. Chronic gut inflammatory processes and dysbiosis could be a reason, suggesting an influence or predisposing potential of the gut microbiome composition. The latter was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon next generation sequencing from stool samples. Results of the Wiwa population microbiomes were associated with available epidemiological and morphometric data and compared to control samples from a local urban population. Indeed, locational-, age-, and gender-specific differences in the Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio, core microbiome, and overall genera-level microbiome composition were shown. Alpha- and ß-diversity separated the urban site from the Indigenous locations. Urban microbiomes were dominated by Bacteriodetes, whereas Indigenous samples revealed a four times higher abundance of Proteobacteria. Even differences among the two Indigenous villages were noted. PICRUSt analysis identified several enriched location-specific bacterial pathways. Moreover, on a general comparative scale and with a high predictive accuracy, we found Sutterella associated with the abundance of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), Faecalibacteria associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and helminth species Hymenolepsis nana and Enterobius vermicularis. Parabacteroides, Prevotella, and Butyrivibrio are enriched in cases of salmonellosis, EPEC, and helminth infections. Presence of Dialister was associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, whereas Clostridia were exclusively found in children under the age of 5 years. Odoribacter and Parabacteroides were exclusively identified in the microbiomes of the urban population of Valledupar. In summary, dysbiotic alterations in the gut microbiome in the Indigenous population with frequent episodes of self-reported gastrointestinal infections were confirmed with epidemiological and pathogen-specific associations. Our data provide strong hints of microbiome alterations associated with the clinical conditions of the Indigenous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Kann
- Department for Research and Development, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Eberhardt
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Hygiene and Environment, 20539 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hinz
- SYNLAB Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum Hamburg GmbH, 22083 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Juan Carlos Dib
- Department of Medicine, Fundación Universidad de Norte, Baranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | | | | | - Ralf Matthias Hagen
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, 56070 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Israel Barrantes
- Research Group Translational Bioinformatics, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine und Aging Research, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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15
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Majait S, Nieuwdorp M, Kemper M, Soeters M. The Black Box Orchestra of Gut Bacteria and Bile Acids: Who Is the Conductor? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031816. [PMID: 36768140 PMCID: PMC9916144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades the potential role of the gut microbiome and bile acids in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been revealed, with a special reference to low bacterial alpha diversity. Certain bile acid effects on gut bacteria concern cytotoxicity, or in the case of the microbiome, bacteriotoxicity. Reciprocally, the gut microbiome plays a key role in regulating the bile acid pool by influencing the conversion and (de)conjugation of primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. Three main groups of bacterial enzymes responsible for the conversion of bile acids are bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) and enzymes encoded in the bile acid inducible (Bai) operon genes. Interventions such as probiotics, antibiotics and fecal microbiome transplantation can impact bile acids levels. Further evidence of the reciprocal interaction between gut microbiota and bile acids comes from a multitude of nutritional interventions including macronutrients, fibers, prebiotics, specific individual products or diets. Finally, anatomical changes after bariatric surgery are important because of their metabolic effects. The heterogeneity of studies, diseases, bacterial species and (epi)genetic influences such as nutrition may challenge establishing specific and detailed interventions that aim to tackle the gut microbiome and bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Majait
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kemper
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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16
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Changing Food Consumption Pattern and Influencing Factors in Bangladesh. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020401. [PMID: 36673493 PMCID: PMC9858367 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Food consumption is an important bridge between human beings and the natural ecosystem. The change in food consumption quantity and quality can reflect the relationship between them. This study aims to explore food consumption characteristics and the drivers of food consumption patterns in Bangladesh with a fragile ecology and polluted environment. This research selected food consumption in Bangladesh as the object, food consumption data were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the data of influencing factors mainly were acquired from the World Bank. The following results were conducted: The total and per capita food consumption showed increase as a whole, but per capita food consumption experienced decline in the middle of the research period. Food consumption patterns were divided into three types: the first type of cereal-sugar-aquatic with low food consumption quantity and few kinds of food from 1961 to 1971, the second type of cereal-sugar-oil-aquatic with increasing food consumption quantity and food kinds from 1972 to 1997, and the third type of cereal-aquatic-tuber-sugar-fruit-vegetable-meat with increasing food consumption quantity and more various kinds of food from 1998 to 2020. The characteristics of food consumption in different periods were influenced by a series of factors. The influence of economic factors was higher than other factors, relatively. According to this study, the characteristics of food consumption patterns and the relationship between food consumption and influencing factors can provide a scientific reference for the adjustment policy makers taking local food demand and natural resources conservation into consideration to achieve a sustainable development.
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17
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Teixeira RR, de Andrade LS, Pereira NBF, Montenegro H, Hoffmann C, Cuppari L. Gut microbiota profile of patients on peritoneal dialysis: comparison with household contacts. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:90-97. [PMID: 35906334 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in patients gut microbiota composition with the potential for dysbiosis have been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, factors other than the disease itself, such as diet and cohabitation, have not been evaluated when gut microbiota of CKD patients was compared with that of healthy controls. The aim of this study was to compare the gut microbiota composition between patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and age-matched household contacts with normal renal function. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from 20 patients [men: 70%; age: 53.5 years (48.2-66; median and interquartile range); length on PD: 14 months (5.2-43.5) and 20 controls. The region V4 of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was PCR-amplified and sequenced on Illumina MiSeq platform. Dietary intake and diet quality were assessed by a 3-day food record and a diet quality index, respectively. RESULTS No difference was found between the gut microbiota composition of patients and controls, assessed by alpha and beta diversities (p > 0.05) and genera differential abundance (p > 0.05). The most abundant phyla in both groups were Firmicutes (PD = 45%; Control: 47%; p = 0.65) and Bacteroidetes (PD = 41%; Control: 45%; p = 0.17). The phylum Proteobacteria, known as a potential marker of gut dysbiosis, was not different in proportions between groups (p > 0.05). No difference was observed regarding diet quality and dietary intake of fiber, protein and other nutrients (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Gut microbiota of patients on PD did not differ from household contacts. This result suggests that cohabitation and dietary intake might have outweighed the disease influence on gut microbiota composition of our PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christian Hoffmann
- Food Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cuppari
- Nutrition Program, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
- Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Jia M, Zhen L. Food Consumption Characteristics and Influencing Factors in a Grassland Transect of Inner Mongolia Based on the Emergy Method. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223637. [PMID: 36429232 PMCID: PMC9688981 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food consumption is the vital connection between human beings and natural resources. Our research explores the characteristics and drivers of food consumption patterns within Mongolian grasslands with a vulnerable ecology and environment. Food consumption data were obtained via a household questionnaire survey, and the emergy method was applied to analyze the food consumption characteristics in different grassland areas. This led to the following results: (1) The total per capita food consumption in different banners showed greater consumption and higher percentage of animal-based food in regions farther north. (2) From south to north, the main meat consumption in different banners varied, the predominant meat type consumed in Taibus was pork, that in Zhenglan was mutton, and that in West Ujimqin was beef. The farther north, the more fruits and vegetables were consumed. (3) The characteristics of food consumption in different areas were influenced by a series of factors, including social, economic, and ecological ones. Local food supply and disposable income were the main factors that had important effects on food consumption structure, as these two factors provided accessibility to foods for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jia
- Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Zhen
- Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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19
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Darand M, Hassanizadeh S, Martami F, Shareghfarid E, Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Hosseinzadeh M. A plant-based dietary score and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Iranian children: A case-control study. J Affect Disord 2022; 313:27-31. [PMID: 35691419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 5 % among children and adolescents worldwide. Plant foods have a protective effect against inflammation and oxidative stress which both are involved in psychiatric disorders pathophysiology including ADHD. Accordingly, we investigated the association between plant-based diet (PDI) and ADHD. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 345children and adolescents 7-13 years old in Yazd, Iran. Subjects were categorized into the case (n = 113) and control groups (n = 232) based on matching age and sex. To diagnose ADHD, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSMIV-TR) was used. Food frequency questionnaire was used to measure food intake. The association of PDI with ADHD was examined by logistic regression. RESULTS Children in the highest quartile of PDI compared to the lowest quartile had a higher energy and macronutrient intake, calcium, zinc, iron, vitamin B12, B6, and folic acid. After adjusting for potential confounders, a significant decreasing trend in the odds of ADHD across increasing quartiles of the PDI (P-trend = 0.001) was observed. In addition, children in the fourth quartile of PDI had 68 % lower odds of ADHD than the first quartile. This association remained significant after further adjustment for BMI (OR: 0.32;95 % CI: 0.13-0.79; P for trend: 0.001). CONCLUSION We found that PDI is associated with lower risk of ADHD in children. Cohort and clinical studies are necessary to approve our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Darand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shirin Hassanizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahime Martami
- Department of Community Nutrition [DCN], School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietatics [SNSD], Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS], Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Shareghfarid
- Department of Community Nutrition [DCN], School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietatics [SNSD], Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS], Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of public health, Shahid Sadughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Lara-Guzmán ÓJ, Rivera DA, Corrales-Agudelo V, Salazar-Jaramillo L, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Medina S, Oger C, Durand T, Galano JM, Escobar JS, Muñoz-Durango K, Sierra JA. Dietary antioxidant intake is inversely associated with 2,3-dinor oxylipin metabolites, the major excreted oxylipins in overweight and obese subjects. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:42-54. [PMID: 35933054 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease risk factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia, are associated with elevated oxidative stress biomarkers like oxylipins. Increased adiposity by itself induces various isomers of this oxidized lipid family, while dietary polyphenols show benefits in its regulation. Previously, we showed that specific co-abundant microorganisms characterized the gut microbiota of Colombians and associated differentially with diet, lifestyle, obesity, and cardiometabolic health status, which led us to hypothesize that urinary oxylipins would reflect the intensity of oxidative metabolism linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Thus, we selected a convenience sample of 105 participants (age: 40.2 ± 11.9 years, 47.6% women), grouped according to microbiota, cardiometabolic health status, and body mass index (BMI); and evaluated 33 urinary oxylipins by HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS (e.g., isoprostanes, prostaglandins, and metabolites), paired with anthropometry and blood chemistry information and dietary antioxidants estimated from a 24-h food recall. In general, oxylipins did not show differences among individuals who differed in gut microbiota. While the unmetabolized oxylipin levels were not associated with BMI, the total content of oxylipin metabolites was highest in obese and cardiometabolically abnormal subjects (e.g., insulin resistant), mainly by prostaglandin-D (2,3-dinor-11β-PGF2α) and 15-F2t-IsoPs (2,3-dinor-15-F2t-IsoP and 2,3-dinor-15-epi-15-F2t-IsoP) metabolites. The total polyphenol intake in this cohort was 1070 ± 627 mg/day. After adjusting for body weight, the polyphenol intake was significantly higher in lean than overweight and showed an inverse association with dinor-oxylipin levels in principal component analysis. These results suggest that the 2,3-dinor-oxylipins could be more specific biomarkers associated with BMI than their parent oxylipins and that are sensitive to be regulated by dietary antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar J Lara-Guzmán
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Diego A Rivera
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Vanessa Corrales-Agudelo
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Laura Salazar-Jaramillo
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100, Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimi Balard recherché, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimi Balard recherché, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimi Balard recherché, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 1919 route de Mende, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Juan S Escobar
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Katalina Muñoz-Durango
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Jelver A Sierra
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur No. 50-67, Medellin, Colombia.
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Choi Y, Hoops SL, Thoma CJ, Johnson AJ. A Guide to Dietary Pattern-Microbiome Data Integration. J Nutr 2022; 152:1187-1199. [PMID: 35348723 PMCID: PMC9071309 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is linked to metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk. Dietary modulation of the human gut microbiome offers an attractive pathway to manipulate the microbiome to prevent microbiome-related disease. However, this promise has not been realized. The complex system of diet and microbiome interactions is poorly understood. Integrating observational human diet and microbiome data can help researchers and clinicians untangle the complex systems of interactions that predict how the microbiome will change in response to foods. The use of dietary patterns to assess diet-microbiome relations holds promise to identify interesting associations and result in findings that can directly translate into actionable dietary intake recommendations and eating plans. In this article, we first highlight the complexity inherent in both dietary and microbiome data and introduce the approaches generally used to explore diet and microbiome simultaneously in observational studies. Second, we review the food group and dietary pattern-microbiome literature focusing on dietary complexity-moving beyond nutrients. Our review identified a substantial and growing body of literature that explores links between the microbiome and dietary patterns. However, there was very little standardization of dietary collection and assessment methods across studies. The 54 studies identified in this review used ≥7 different methods to assess diet. Coupled with the variation in final dietary parameters calculated from dietary data (e.g., dietary indices, dietary patterns, food groups, etc.), few studies with shared methods and assessment techniques were available for comparison. Third, we highlight the similarities between dietary and microbiome data structures and present the possibility that multivariate and compositional methods, developed initially for microbiome data, could have utility when applied to dietary data. Finally, we summarize the current state of the art for diet-microbiome data integration and highlight ways dietary data could be paired with microbiome data in future studies to improve the detection of diet-microbiome signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuni Choi
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Susan L Hoops
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, MN
| | - Calvin J Thoma
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Abigail J Johnson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang T, Wang L, Hao L, Ju M, Xiao R. Diet quality, gut microbiota, and microRNAs associated with mild cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:429-440. [PMID: 33871591 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet, the gut microbiota, and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as factors possibly influencing the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, the combined role of diet, the gut microbiota, and miRNAs in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been extensively investigated. OBJECTIVES To examine the associations among diet quality, the gut microbiota, miRNAs, and risks of MCI in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. METHODS Participants were drawn from the Effects and Mechanism Investigation of Cholesterol and Oxysterol on Alzheimer's disease (EMCOA) study. We included 2239 participants who completed comprehensive cognitive tests and dietary surveys at baseline and follow-up. Chinese Dietary Guidelines Index 2018 (CDGI-2018), Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) and Healthy Lifestyle Score (HLS) values were calculated based on data from a standard questionnaire. Changes of gut microbiota and serum miRNA expression were detected in 75 MCI and 52 healthy participants. The receiver operating characteristic curve was performed based on a logistic regression model distinguishing patients with MCI from healthy controls. RESULTS Higher CDGI-2018 (RR, 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58-0.98) and HLS (RR, 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34-0.84) values and lower E-DII (RR, 1.46; 95% CI: 1.14-1.87) values were significantly associated with a lower risk of MCI. Lower microbial diversity and abundance of Faecalibacterium, unidentified Ruminococcaceae, and Alistipes were found in MCI participants compared with healthy controls. The abundance of ProteobacteriaandGammaproteobacteria was higher in MCI participants and was correlated with hsa-let-7g-5p, hsa-miR-107, and hsa-miR-186-3p. The predictive signatures of diet quality scores, differential gut microbiota, and serum miRNAs had good performance on distinguishing MCI participants from healthy individuals (AUC = 0.91). CONCLUSIONS A better diet quality is associated with a lower risk of MCI, which may be mediated by the microbiota composition and miRNA expression. These findings suggest that diet, the gut microbiota, and miRNAs may serve as a combinatorial biomarker to identify MCI patients and provide new insight for the diagnosis and prevention of MCI. This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry as ChiCTROOC-17011882.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Hao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Ju
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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