1
|
Vaccaro CM, Guarino G, Danza F, Fraulino A, Bracale R. Changing food choices: the option for high-protein foods and the move away from the Mediterranean diet. Eat Weight Disord 2024; 29:39. [PMID: 38831033 PMCID: PMC11147913 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-024-01668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The growing importance placed on health and physical well-being by consumers continues to influence food industry choices. The food market therefore, pandering to the desires for a lean and athletic body, offers new products deemed more healthy and able to impact body image. It is evidenced, thus, a change in food choices and habits, with more attention to the quality and nutrient content of the products consumed, in which protein is assuming increasing importance. The purpose of the study is to highlight important changes in eating habits and in particular the increase in the consumption of high-protein foods, attributable to the focus on physical fitness and thinness, resulting in a decreasing adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the progressive loss of its positive impact on health. METHODS AND RESULTS This analysis is based on CIRCANA srl data on food consumption trends (change percentage of quantity and value sales) in recent years. Specifically, between January and September 2022 vs. 2021, there was a 21.6% increase in the sale of high-protein products, significantly higher than all the previous ones. CONCLUSIONS The past few years have seen the gradual discovery of new products, at first little-known and niche, which are becoming major players on the national food consumption scene. The trend is toward a growing preference for high-protein foods and diets with the gradual abandonment of the Mediterranean and an increased risk of nutritional deficiencies, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Concetta M Vaccaro
- Censis Foundation, Health and Welfare Department, Piazza di Novella, 2, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Francesco Danza
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Renata Bracale
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo ZQ, Huang YJ, Chen ZH, Lu CY, Zhou B, Gong XH, Shen Z, Wang T. A decade of insight: bibliometric analysis of gut microbiota's role in osteoporosis (2014-2024). Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1409534. [PMID: 38841589 PMCID: PMC11150527 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1409534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteoporosis represents a profound challenge to public health, underscoring the critical need to dissect its complex etiology and identify viable targets for intervention. Within this context, the gut microbiota has emerged as a focal point of research due to its profound influence on bone metabolism. Despite this growing interest, the literature has yet to see a bibliometric study addressing the gut microbiota's contribution to both the development and management of osteoporosis. This study aims to fill this gap through an exhaustive bibliometric analysis. Our objective is to uncover current research hotspots, delineate key themes, and identify future research trends. In doing so, we hope to provide direction for future studies and the development of innovative treatment methods. Methods Relevant publications in this field were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. We used VOSviewer, CiteSpace, an online analysis platform and the R package "Bibliometrix" for bibliometric analysis. Results A total of 529 publications (including 351 articles and 178 reviews) from 61 countries, 881 institutions, were included in this study. China leads in publication volume and boast the highest cumulative citation. Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Southern Medical University are the leading research institutions in this field. Nutrients contributed the largest number of articles, and J Bone Miner Res is the most co-cited journal. Of the 3,166 scholars who participated in the study, Ohlsson C had the largest number of articles. Li YJ is the most co-cited author. "Probiotics" and "inflammation" are the keywords in the research. Conclusion This is the first bibliometric analysis of gut microbiota in osteoporosis. We explored current research status in recent years and identified frontiers and hot spots in this research field. We investigate the impact of gut microbiome dysregulation and its associated inflammation on OP progression, a topic that has garnered international research interest in recent years. Additionally, our study delves into the potential of fecal microbiota transplantation or specific dietary interventions as promising avenues for future research, which can provide reference for the researchers who focus on this research filed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qiang Luo
- Department of Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya Jing Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ze Hua Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Orthopedics Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Yin Lu
- Department of Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Biao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Hao Gong
- Department of Oncology, Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kase BE, Liese AD, Zhang J, Murphy EA, Zhao L, Steck SE. The Development and Evaluation of a Literature-Based Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2024; 16:1045. [PMID: 38613077 PMCID: PMC11013161 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate a novel dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) that captures dietary composition related to gut microbiota profiles. We conducted a literature review of longitudinal studies on the association of diet with gut microbiota in adult populations and extracted those dietary components with evidence of beneficial or unfavorable effects. Dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2010, n = 3812) were used to compute the DI-GM, and associations with biomarkers of gut microbiota diversity (urinary enterodiol and enterolactone) were examined using linear regression. From a review of 106 articles, 14 foods or nutrients were identified as components of the DI-GM, including fermented dairy, chickpeas, soybean, whole grains, fiber, cranberries, avocados, broccoli, coffee, and green tea as beneficial components, and red meat, processed meat, refined grains, and high-fat diet (≥40% of energy from fat) as unfavorable components. Each component was scored 0 or 1 based on sex-specific median intakes, and scores were summed to develop the overall DI-GM score. In the NHANES, DI-GM scores ranged from 0-13 with a mean of 4.8 (SE = 0.04). Positive associations between DI-GM and urinary enterodiol and enterolactone were observed. The association of the novel DI-GM with markers of gut microbiota diversity demonstrates the potential utility of this index for gut health-related studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bezawit E. Kase
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
| | - Angela D. Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
| | - Elizabeth Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine Columbia, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Longgang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
| | - Susan E. Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Discovery 1, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (B.E.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin YH, Li XH, Zhao HT, Chen JH, Li JQ, Yan Y. Short-term resistance training combined with cheese supplementation can optimize body parameters and intestinal microbiota in healthy adults. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:168-177. [PMID: 38464601 PMCID: PMC10920736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance training (RT) and protein supplementation have beneficial effects on the human body. However, it is unknown if RT's health-promoting benefits are enhanced by food-borne protein, such as cheese supplements. This study investigated at how the body composition, lipid profile, muscle strength and intestinal microbiota changed following four weeks of RT combined with cheese supplementation. Methods Thirty-five male and untrained adults were divided into 4 groups [control group (CON), low-dose group (LG), medium-dose group (MG), and high-dose group (HG)] and underwent a 4-week RT (3 times/week) in combination with cheese supplementation. Participants received 108 g (LG), 216 g (MG), or 324 g (HG) of cheese on the day of RT, and each serving (108 g) of cheese contained 6.7 g of food-borne protein. The RT program was a whole-body program with movements such as chest presses, leg presses, seated rowing, knee extensions and triceps pushdown. The exercise consisted of 3 sets of 8-12 repetitions at 70%RM, with a 120-s break in between. Body parameters (body composition, lipid profile and muscle strength) were assessed at baseline and after the 4 weeks of the intervention. The feces sample was taken every weekend. A two-way (group × time) mixed-design ANOVA was used to examine the body parameters. Independent one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between groups in baseline characteristics and different values of each parameter. Results HDL-C level was higher in MG than in LG. In comparison to LG, MG had lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body weight, body mass index, body fat mass and body fat percentage. However, there was no difference in muscle strength between in the four groups. The abundance of Actinobacteria was higher in LG and Erysipelotrichaceae was lower in MG and HG. Conclusion The findings suggest that cheese could be a readily available food-borne protein supplement to enhance the beneficial effects of RT on health. It may improve body composition and lipid profile by altering the proportion of intestinal microbiota. During the 4-week RT intervention, 13.4 g of foodborne protein in the form of cheese 3 times per week was the ideal dosage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Sports Biochemistry, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue-Han Li
- Department of Sports Biochemistry, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hao-Tian Zhao
- Department of Sports Biochemistry, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jian-Hao Chen
- Department of Sports Biochemistry, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Department of Sports Biochemistry, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Sports Biochemistry, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ispas S, Tuta LA, Botnarciuc M, Ispas V, Staicovici S, Ali S, Nelson-Twakor A, Cojocaru C, Herlo A, Petcu A. Metabolic Disorders, the Microbiome as an Endocrine Organ, and Their Relations with Obesity: A Literature Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1602. [PMID: 38003917 PMCID: PMC10672252 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, has been predominantly associated with the gut microbiota, which is acknowledged as an endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in modulating energy homeostasis and host immune responses. The presence of dysbiosis has the potential to impact the functioning of the intestinal barrier and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues by allowing the transit of bacterial structural components, such as lipopolysaccharides. This, in turn, may trigger inflammatory pathways and potentially lead to the onset of insulin resistance. Moreover, intestinal dysbiosis has the potential to modify the production of gastrointestinal peptides that are linked to the feeling of fullness, hence potentially leading to an increase in food consumption. In this literature review, we discuss current developments, such as the impact of the microbiota on lipid metabolism as well as the processes by which its changes led to the development of metabolic disorders. Several methods have been developed that could be used to modify the gut microbiota and undo metabolic abnormalities. METHODS After researching different databases, we examined the PubMed collection of articles and conducted a literature review. RESULTS After applying our exclusion and inclusion criteria, the initial search yielded 1345 articles. We further used various filters to narrow down our titles analysis and, to be specific to our study, selected the final ten studies, the results of which are included in the Results section. CONCLUSIONS Through gut barrier integrity, insulin resistance, and other influencing factors, the gut microbiota impacts the host's metabolism and obesity. Although the area of the gut microbiota and its relationship to obesity is still in its initial stages of research, it offers great promise for developing new therapeutic targets that may help prevent and cure obesity by restoring the gut microbiota to a healthy condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Ispas
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of General Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (S.I.); (V.I.)
| | - Liliana Ana Tuta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of General Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Head of Nephrology Section, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Mihaela Botnarciuc
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of General Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
- Head of Blood Transfusions Section, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Viorel Ispas
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of General Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania; (S.I.); (V.I.)
- Vascular Surgery Department, Cai Ferate Hospital, 35–37 I. C. Bratianu Boulevard, 900270 Constanta, Romania
| | - Sorana Staicovici
- Family Medicine, “Regina Maria” Polyclinic, 900189 Constanta, Romania;
- Department of Histology, Faculty of General Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Sevigean Ali
- Preclinics Department II, Faculty of General Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | | | | | - Alexandra Herlo
- Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Adina Petcu
- Department of Mathematics, Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song S, Shon J, Yang WR, Kang HB, Kim KH, Park JY, Lee S, Baik SY, Lee KR, Park YJ. Short-Term Effects of Weight-Loss Meal Replacement Programs with Various Macronutrient Distributions on Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Parameters: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4744. [PMID: 38004139 PMCID: PMC10675061 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
It has emerged the gut microbiome is crucially linked to metabolic health and obesity. Macronutrient distribution has been discussed as a key parameter in weight-loss programs, but little is known about its impact on the gut microbiome. We investigated the effects of weight-loss meal replacement programs with different macronutrient ratios on the gut microbiota and metabolic parameters in subjects with overweight and obesity. Three low-calorie meal replacement programs with different ratios of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids were designed: a balanced diet (Group B, 60:15:30), a high-lipid-low-carbohydrate diet (Group F, 35:20:55), and a protein-enriched diet (Group P, 40:25:35). Sixty overweight or obese participants were provided with the meals twice daily for 3 weeks. In all groups, diet intervention resulted in reduced body weight and BMI. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla decreased and increased, respectively, which increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in all subjects, particularly in Groups B and P. Alpha- and beta-diversity were augmented at the phylum level in Group P. In conclusion, short-term interventions with weight-loss meal replacement programs increased butyrate-producing bacteria and the F/B ratio. Moreover, the protein-enriched diet significantly increased alpha- and beta-diversity compared to the balanced diet and the high-lipid-low-carbohydrate diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Song
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Shon
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-ri Yang
- Hyundai Greenfood Greating Laboratory, Yongin-si 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Bit Kang
- Hyundai Greenfood Greating Laboratory, Yongin-si 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Ha Kim
- Hyundai Greenfood Greating Laboratory, Yongin-si 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Park
- Hyundai Greenfood Greating Laboratory, Yongin-si 16827, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoo Lee
- SCL Healthcare Inc., Yongin-si 16954, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Yun Baik
- Hanaro Medical Foundation, Seoul 03159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ryul Lee
- SCL Healthcare Inc., Yongin-si 16954, Republic of Korea
- Hanaro Medical Foundation, Seoul 03159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Park
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aliabadi M, Saghebjoo M, Yakhchali B, Shariati V. Interaction between high-intensity interval training and high-protein diet on gut microbiota composition and body weight in obese male rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:808-828. [PMID: 37642210 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Diet and exercise are two critical factors that regulate gut microbiota, affecting weight management. The present study investigated the effect of 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and a high-protein diet (HPD) on gut microbiota composition and body weight changes in obese male Wistar rats. Forty obese rats were randomly divided into five groups, including HPD, HIIT + HPD, HIIT + high-fat diet (HFD) (continuing HFD during intervention), obese control 1 (continuing HFD during intervention), obese control 2 (cutting off HFD at the beginning of the intervention and continuing standard diet), and eight non-obese Wistar rats as a non-obese control (NOC) group (standard diet). Microbial community composition and diversity analysis by sequencing 16S rRNA genes derived from the fecal samples, body weight, and Lee index were assessed. The body weight and Lee index in the NOC, HIIT + HFD, HPD, and HIIT + HPD groups were significantly lower than that in the OC1 and OC2 groups along with the lower body weight and Lee index in the HPD and HIIT + HPD groups compared with the HIIT + HFD group. Also, HFD consumption and switching from HFD to a standard diet or HPD increased gut microbiota dysbiosis. Furthermore, HIIT along with HFD increased the adverse effects of HFD on gut microbiota, while the HIIT + HPD increased microbial richness, improved gut microbiota dysbiosis, and changed rats' phenotype to lean. It appears that HFD discontinuation without doing HIIT does not improve gut microbiota dysbiosis. Also, the HIIT + HFD, HPD, and HIIT + HPD slow down HFD-induced weight gain, but HIIT + HPD is a more reliable strategy for weight management due to its beneficial effects on gut microbiota composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Aliabadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Saghebjoo
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bagher Yakhchali
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Shariati
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Davies IG. Exploring high-protein diets in the context of cardiac rehabilitation. Proc Nutr Soc 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37877360 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123004779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The review aims to explore the potential benefit and risk of high-protein diets (HPD) regarding the comorbidity of sarcopoenia and CVD in the setting of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). CR is standard care for individuals who have experienced a cardiac event, but the current practice of predominantly aerobic exercise, a lower-fat diet and weight loss poorly addresses the issue of sarcopoenia. HPD, especially when combined with resistance exercise (RE), may be valuable adjuncts to current CR practice and benefit both muscle and cardiovascular health. Meta-analyses and randomised controlled trials of HPD and CVD risk show beneficial but variable effects regarding weight loss, the lipid profile, insulin resistance and lean body mass in those living with or high risk of CVD. Meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies on hard CVD endpoints favour lower- and plant-protein diets over higher animal protein, but the evidence is inconsistent. HPD augment the strength and muscle gaining benefits of RE in older populations, but there are no published data in those living with CVD providing promising opportunities for CR research. HPD raise concern regarding renal and bone health, the microbiome, branched chain amino acids and environmental sustainability and findings suggest that plant-based HPD may confer ecological and overall health advantages compared to animal-based HPD. However, incorporating RE with HPD might alleviate certain health risks. In conclusion, a largely plant-based HPD is deemed favourable for CR when combined with RE, but further research regarding efficacy and safety in CR populations is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Student Life Building, Liverpool John Moores University, Copperas Hill, Liverpool L3 5LJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou R, Ng SK, Sung JJY, Goh WWB, Wong SH. Data pre-processing for analyzing microbiome data - A mini review. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4804-4815. [PMID: 37841330 PMCID: PMC10569954 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome is an emerging research frontier due to its profound impacts on health. High-throughput microbiome sequencing enables studying microbial communities but suffers from analytical challenges. In particular, the lack of dedicated preprocessing methods to improve data quality impedes effective minimization of biases prior to downstream analysis. This review aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of preprocessing techniques relevant to microbiome research. We outline a typical workflow for microbiome data analysis. Preprocessing methods discussed include quality filtering, batch effect correction, imputation of missing values, normalization, and data transformation. We highlight strengths and limitations of each technique to serve as a practical guide for researchers and identify areas needing further methodological development. Establishing robust, standardized preprocessing will be essential for drawing valid biological conclusions from microbiome studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruwen Zhou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
| | - Siu Kin Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
| | - Joseph Jao Yiu Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| | - Wilson Wen Bin Goh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Attaye I, Lassen PB, Adriouch S, Steinbach E, Patiño-Navarrete R, Davids M, Alili R, Jacques F, Benzeguir S, Belda E, Nemet I, Anderson JT, Alexandre-Heymann L, Greyling A, Larger E, Hazen SL, van Oppenraaij SL, Tremaroli V, Beck K, Bergh PO, Bäckhed F, ten Brincke SP, Herrema H, Groen AK, Pinto-Sietsma SJ, Clément K, Nieuwdorp M. Protein supplementation changes gut microbial diversity and derived metabolites in subjects with type 2 diabetes. iScience 2023; 26:107471. [PMID: 37599833 PMCID: PMC10432813 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
High-protein diets are promoted for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, effects of dietary protein interventions on (gut-derived) metabolites in T2D remains understudied. We therefore performed a multi-center, randomized-controlled, isocaloric protein intervention with 151 participants following either 12-week high-protein (HP; 30Energy %, N = 78) vs. low-protein (LP; 10 Energy%, N = 73) diet. Primary objectives were dietary effects on glycemic control which were determined via glycemic excursions, continuous glucose monitors and HbA1c. Secondary objectives were impact of diet on gut microbiota composition and -derived metabolites which were determined by shotgun-metagenomics and mass spectrometry. Analyses were performed using delta changes adjusting for center, baseline, and kidney function when appropriate. This study found that a short-term 12-week isocaloric protein modulation does not affect glycemic parameters or weight in metformin-treated T2D. However, the HP diet slightly worsened kidney function, increased alpha-diversity, and production of potentially harmful microbiota-dependent metabolites, which may affect host metabolism upon prolonged exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Attaye
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre Bel Lassen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Paris, France
| | - Solia Adriouch
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Emilie Steinbach
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Rafael Patiño-Navarrete
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Mark Davids
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rohia Alili
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Flavien Jacques
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Sara Benzeguir
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Eugeni Belda
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
| | - Ina Nemet
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James T. Anderson
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Arno Greyling
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Etienne Larger
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Paris, France
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sophie L. van Oppenraaij
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katharina Beck
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Bergh
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suzan P.M. ten Brincke
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesities; Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics), Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitie-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition Department, Paris, France
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang H, Song W, Yuan W, Zhou Q, Sadiq FA, Zhao J, Wu W, Lu W. Modulating the Human Gut Microbiota through Hypocaloric Balanced Diets: An Effective Approach for Managing Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3101. [PMID: 37513521 PMCID: PMC10383620 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a hypocaloric balanced diet (HBD) on anthropometric measures and gut microbiota of 43 people with obesity. Fecal samples were collected from the study subjects at weeks 0 and 12, and a detailed analysis of gut microbiota was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. By comparing anthropometric measures and microbiota changes in subjects before and after the HBD intervention, we revealed the potential effects of HBD on weight loss and gut microbiota. Our results indicated that the HBD resulted in a significant decrease in body mass index (BMI), and most of the physiological indicators were decreased to a greater degree in the effective HBD group (EHBD, weight loss ≥ 5%) than in the ineffective HBD group (IHBD, weight loss < 5%). The HBD intervention also modified the gut microbiota of the subjects with obesity. Specifically, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Terrisporobacter, Ruminococcus (R. torques, R. gnavus), and Pseudomonas were significantly reduced. In addition, we employed machine learning models, such as XGBRF and GB models, to rank the importance of various features and identified the top 10 key bacterial genera involved. Gut microbiota co-occurrence networks showed the dominance of healthier microbiota following successful weight loss. These results suggested that the HBD intervention enhanced weight loss, which may be related to diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weiwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qunyan Zhou
- Department of Nutriology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang L, Wang F, Xiong L, Song H, Ren B, Shen X. A nexus of dietary restriction and gut microbiota: Recent insights into metabolic health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37154021 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2202750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, dietary restriction (DR) has received considerable attention for its promising effects on metabolism and longevity. Previous studies on DR have mainly focused on the health benefits produced by different restriction patterns, whereas comprehensive reviews of the role of gut microbiota during DR are limited. In this review, we discuss the effects of caloric restriction, fasting, protein restriction, and amino acid restriction from a microbiome perspective. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms by which DR affects metabolic health by regulating intestinal homeostasis are summarized. Specifically, we reviewed the impacts of different DRs on specific gut microbiota. Additionally, we put forward the limitations of the current research and suggest the development of personalized microbes-directed DR for different populations and corresponding next-generation sequencing technologies for accurate microbiological analysis. DR effectively modulates the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. In particular, DR markedly affects the rhythmic oscillation of microbes which may be related to the circadian clock system. Moreover, increasing evidence supports that DR profoundly improves metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and cognitive impairment. To summarize, DR may be an effective and executable dietary manipulation strategy for maintaining metabolic health, however, further investigation is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luanfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinchun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chang C, Zhang QQ, Wang HH, Chu Q, Zhang J, Yan ZX, Liu HG, Geng AL. Dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein levels affect pectoral muscle composition and gut microbiota in native growing chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102353. [PMID: 36473379 PMCID: PMC9720343 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The experiment aimed to study effects of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels alone and in interaction on performance, pectoral muscle composition and gut microbiota in native growing chickens. A total of 648 10-wks-old Beijing-You Chicken (BYC) female chickens were randomly allocated to 9 groups with 6 replicates per group and 12 chickens per replicate, and the chickens were fed with a 3 × 3 factorial diets (3 levels of dietary ME: 11.31 MJ/kg, 11.51 MJ/kg, 11.71 MJ/kg; and 3 levels of dietary CP: 14%, 15%, 16%). The results showed that dietary ME and CP levels didn't affect average feed intake (AFI), body weight gain, feed gain ratio (P > 0.05), but ME level significantly affected the AFI (P < 0.05); mortality rate of 11.31 MJ/kg group was the highest (P < 0.05). Dietary ME, CP levels, and the interaction significantly affected pectoral CP and crude fat (CF) content of the growing chickens (P < 0.01). Dietary CP level had opposite effects on pectoral CP and CF content (P < 0.01). The 16% CP increased the pectoral CF content, which may have a negative impact on meat flavor. Dietary ME level affected 11 types of pectoral free amino acids (FAA) contents, including aspartic acid, L-threonine (P < 0.05), also amino acid classification, for example, total amino acid (TAA) and essential amino acid (EAA) content (P < 0.05). The 11.51 MJ/kg group had the highest TAA, EAA, delicious amino acid (DAA) content and EAA percentage (P < 0.05), while 11.31 MJ/kg group had the lowest bitter amino acid (BAA) content and BAA percentage and the highest fresh and sweet amino acid (FSAA) percentage (P < 0.05). Dietary CP level significantly affected glutamine and tyrosine content (P < 0.05). The interaction of dietary ME and CP level affected C20:3n6 content, saturated fatty acid (SFA), and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) percentage (P < 0.05). The CP level significantly affected SFA percentage (P < 0.05). The 16% CP level increased the diversity of gut microbiota, but at the same time increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (P < 0.05), which is a sign of microbiota disorder. The increase of dietary ME level resulted in a gradual decrease in the diversity and relative abundance of gut microbiota. In conclusion, the present study suggested that the medium dietary ME (11.51 MJ/kg) and low CP (14-15%) levels can be helpful for enhancing pectoral muscle composition, increase meat quality such as flavor and nutritional value, and benefit for gut microbiota in native growing chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Q Q Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - H H Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Q Chu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - Z X Yan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - H G Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China
| | - A L Geng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Farsijani S, Cauley JA, Peddada SD, Langsetmo L, Shikany JM, Orwoll ES, Ensrud KE, Cawthon PM, Newman AB. Relation Between Dietary Protein Intake and Gut Microbiome Composition in Community-Dwelling Older Men: Findings from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS). J Nutr 2023; 152:2877-2887. [PMID: 36205552 PMCID: PMC9839986 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association of specific nutrients, especially proteins, on age-related gut dysbiosis. OBJECTIVES To determine the associations between the quantity and sources (vegetable and animal) of dietary protein intake and gut microbiome composition in community-dwelling older men. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 775 older men from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) (age 84.2 ± 4.0 y) with available dietary information and stool samples at visit 4 (2014-2016). Protein intake was estimated from a brief FFQ and adjusted to total energy intake. The gut microbiome composition was determined by 16S (v4) sequencing (processed by DADA2 and SILVA). A total of 11,534 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were identified and assigned to 21 phyla with dominance of Firmicutes (45%) and Bacteroidetes (43%). We performed α-diversity, β-diversity, and taxa abundance (by Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction [ANCOM-BC]) to determine the associations between protein intake and the gut microbiome. RESULTS Median protein intake was 0.7 g/(kg body weight · d). Participants with higher energy-adjusted protein intakes had higher Shannon and Chao1 α-diversity indices (P < 0.05). For β-diversity analysis, participants with higher protein intakes had a different center in weighted and unweighted UniFrac Principal Co-ordinates Analysis (PCoA) compared with those with lower intake (P < 0.05), adjusted for age, race, education, clinical center, batch number, fiber and energy intake, weight, height, and medications. Similarly, higher protein consumptions from either animal or vegetable sources were associated with higher gut microbiome diversity. Several genus-level ASVs, including Christensenellaceae, Veillonella, Haemophilus, and Klebsiella were more abundant in participants with higher protein intakes, whereas Clostridiales bacterium DTU089 and Desulfovibrio were more abundant in participants with lower protein intake (Bonferroni corrected P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We observed significant associations between protein intake and gut microbiome diversity in community-living older men. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mediation role of the gut microbiome on the relation between protein intake and health outcomes in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Farsijani
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (OAICs), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jane A Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Langsetmo
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric S Orwoll
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kristine E Ensrud
- Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine and Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (OAICs), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Role of oral and gut microbiota in childhood obesity. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:197-206. [PMID: 36626083 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity not only causes damage to children's respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, motor, and other systems but also is a significant risk factor for metabolic diseases such as obesity in adulthood, which has become one of the serious public health problems worldwide. The etiology and pathogenesis of obesity are complex. In addition to genetic and lifestyle factors, recent studies have found that the microbes in the digestive tract play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of obesity. Among them, the gut microbiota has been confirmed to be one of the important pathogenic factors of obesity, which can mediate the occurrence and development of obesity by interfering with the balance of host energy metabolism and inducing low-grade chronic inflammation throughout the host. Targeting the gut microbiota to treat obesity through various methods such as fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary intervention, and probiotic supplementation has become a research hotspot in obesity treatment. In addition, the oral microbiota is also considered closely related to the occurrence and development of obesity due to its regulatory effect on the balance of gut microbiota. Exploring the relationship between oral and gut microbiota and childhood obesity elucidates the pathogenesis and treatment concepts of childhood obesity from a new perspective. It may provide new methods for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity in the future.
Collapse
|
16
|
Dhopatkar N, Keeler JL, Mutwalli H, Whelan K, Treasure J, Himmerich H. Gastrointestinal symptoms, gut microbiome, probiotics and prebiotics in anorexia nervosa: A review of mechanistic rationale and clinical evidence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 147:105959. [PMID: 36327759 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed the pivotal role that the gut microbiota might play in psychiatric disorders. In anorexia nervosa (AN), the gut microbiota may be involved in pathophysiology as well as in the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms commonly experienced. This review collates evidence for the potential role of gut microbiota in AN, including modulation of the immune system, the gut-brain axis and GI function. We examined studies comparing gut microbiota in AN with healthy controls as well as those looking at modifications in gut microbiota with nutritional treatment. Changes in energy intake and nutritional composition influence gut microbiota and may play a role in the evolution of the gut microbial picture in AN. Additionally, some evidence indicates that pre-morbid gut microbiota may influence risk of developing AN. There appear to be similarities in gut microbial composition, mechanisms of interaction and GI symptoms experienced in AN and other GI disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and functional GI disorders. Probiotics and prebiotics have been studied in these disorders showing therapeutic effects of probiotics in some cases. Additionally, some evidence exists for the therapeutic benefits of probiotics in depression and anxiety, commonly seen as co-morbidities in AN. Moreover, preliminary evidence for the use of probiotics in AN has shown positive effects on immune modulation. Based on these findings, we discuss the potential therapeutic role for probiotics in ameliorating symptoms in AN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Dhopatkar
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham BR3 3BX, UK.
| | - Johanna Louise Keeler
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Hiba Mutwalli
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Kevin Whelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Janet Treasure
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham BR3 3BX, UK; Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham BR3 3BX, UK; Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The effect of “moderately restricted carbohydrate” diet on gut microbiota composition and metabolic parameters in women with metabolic syndrome: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:959. [DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of risk factors that increase the risk of death and a variety of chronic diseases. Recent studies have indicated that the imbalance of gut microbiota might contribute to development and progression of metabolic syndrome. Carbohydrate restriction in the diet has been proven to be one of the most effective methods in the management of metabolic syndrome, even in the absence of weight loss. However, no study has examined the effects of a carbohydrate-restricted diet on gut microbiota composition in metabolic syndrome patients. Thus, we will examine the effects of a “moderately restricted carbohydrate (MRC)” diet on gut microbiota, insulin resistance, and components of MetS among Iranian women. In addition, the stability of changes in dependent variables, including gut microbiota, will also be assessed.
Methods
This is a parallel randomized clinical trial in which 70 overweight or obese women aged 20–50 years with MetS will be randomly assigned to receive either MRC diet (42–45% carbohydrate, 35–40% fats) or a normal weight loss (NWL) diet (52–55% carbohydrate, 25–30% fats) for 3 months. Protein accounted for 15–17% of total energy in both diets. The quantity of gut microbiota including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Prevotella, Bacteroidetes, and Akkermansia muciniphila, as well as anthropometric, blood pressure, and metabolic parameters will be measured at study baseline and the end of trail. At the end of this phase, all participants will be placed on a weight maintenance diet for an additional 6 months. After following up study subjects in this duration, all dependent variables will be examined again to assess their stability over this period.
Discussion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of a moderately restricted carbohydrate diet on gut microbiota composition and several metabolic parameters during the weight loss and maintenance phases in women with MetS.
Trial registration
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir, IRCT20210307050621N1). Registered on May 31, 2021.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang X, Bao L, Zhang Y, Long J, Li Y, Wang H, Cui Y, Yan D. Novel weight loss diet attenuates dietary-induced obesity in mice and might correlate with altered gut microbiota and metabolite profiles. Front Nutr 2022; 9:987955. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many dietary patterns have been studied for weight loss, various limitations still exist. Therefore, we designed a novel weight loss diet (NWLD) with carbohydrate, protein, and fat (energy) contents of 45%, 20%, and 35%, respectively. The saturated fatty acids: monounsaturated fatty acids:polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio was 1:2:1, and the insoluble: soluble dietary fiber ratio was 2:1. We aimed to observe the effect of NWLD on weight loss and understand the underlying metabolic mechanisms. Twenty-nine male C57BL/6J mice were selected. Nine mice were fed ordinary feed in a blank control group, and the rest were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to establish obese mouse models. Twelve weeks later, obesity models were established, and 10 obese mice were switched to NWLD feeding. Six weeks after switching the diet, the serum, intestinal feces, and kidneys of mice were collected. Obesity-related indicators, gut microbial composition, and fecal metabolite profiles of all the mice were determined, and the correlations among these indicators were analyzed. Kidney function indicators were also assessed. The results showed that the NWLD attenuated HFD-induced weight gain, serum triglycerides (TG), and inflammatory factors, optimized the body composition without kidney function impairment. Amino acid metabolism pathways and metabolites might play key roles in this process. The findings of this research imply that NWLD could be an effective nutritional remedy for managing dietary-induced obesity.
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of Whey Protein or Its Hydrolysate Supplements Combined with an Energy-Restricted Diet on Weight Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Older Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214540. [PMID: 36364801 PMCID: PMC9657015 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An energy-restricted weight-loss approach has limitations when it used in the elderly, especially because of muscle loss. We aimed to assess the effects of whey protein (WP) or WP hydrolysate (WPH) combined with an energy-restricted diet (ERD) on weight reduction and muscle preservation in older women with overweight and obesity. A total of 60 women were randomized to the control (ERD), WP (ERD + 20 g/d WP) or WPH (ERD + 20 g/d WPH) group, using a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. After an 8-week intervention, body composition, gut microbiota, and serum metabolomics changes were compared among the three groups. The reductions in body weight (−1.11 ± 1.11 vs. −2.34 ± 1.35, p < 0.05), BMI (−0.46 ± 0.45 vs. −0.97 ± 0.54, p < 0.05), and body fat (−0.70 ± 0.92 vs. −2.45 ± 1.65, p < 0.01) were higher in the WPH group than in the control group. Body fat (%) was significantly decreased in the two protein groups. Fat-free mass did not significantly change among the three groups. Serum metabolomics showed that the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway was upregulated in the WPH group. No significant changes in microbiota were observed among the groups. In conclusion, WP or WPH supplementation combined with an energy-restricted diet benefits older women during weight loss. WPH was more effective, possibly due to increased energy metabolism.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mohr AE, Jasbi P, Bowes DA, Dirks B, Whisner CM, Arciero KM, Poe M, Gu H, Gumpricht E, Sweazea KL, Arciero PJ. Exploratory analysis of one versus two-day intermittent fasting protocols on the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in adults with overweight/obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1036080. [PMID: 36386914 PMCID: PMC9644216 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1036080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional interventions are a promising therapeutic option for addressing obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction. One such option, intermittent fasting (IF), has emerged as a viable alternative to daily caloric restriction and may beneficially modulate body weight regulation and alter the gut microbiome (GM) and plasma metabolome. This secondary analysis of a larger, registered trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04327141) examined the effect of a four-week intervention comparing one vs. two-consecutive days of IF in combination with protein pacing (IF-P; 4-5 meals/day, >30% protein/day) on the GM, the plasma metabolome, and associated clinical outcomes in overweight and obese adults. Participants (n = 20) were randomly assigned to either a diet consisting of one fasting day (total of 36 h) and six low-calorie P days per week (IF1-P, n = 10) or two fasting days (60 h total) and five low-calorie P days per week (IF2-P, n = 10). The fecal microbiome, clinical outcomes, and plasma metabolome were analyzed at baseline (week 0) and after four weeks. There were no significant time or interaction effects for alpha diversity; however, baseline alpha diversity was negatively correlated with percent body fat change after the four-week intervention (p = 0.030). In addition, beta-diversity for both IF groups was altered significantly by time (p = 0.001), with no significant differences between groups. The IF1-P group had a significant increase in abundance of Ruminococcaceae Incertae Sedis and Eubacterium fissicatena group (q ≤ 0.007), while the IF2-P group had a significant increase in abundance of Ruminococcaceae Incertae Sedis and a decrease in Eubacterium ventriosum group (q ≤ 0.005). The plasma metabolite profile of IF2-P participants displayed significant increases in serine, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), levulinic acid, 3-aminobutyric acid, citrate, isocitrate, and glucuronic acid (q ≤ 0.049) compared to IF1-P. Fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations did not differ significantly by time or between groups (p ≥ 0.126). Interestingly, gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly reduced for the IF2-P group but not for the IF1-P group. Our results demonstrate that short-term IF modestly influenced the GM community structure and the plasma metabolome, suggesting these protocols could be viable for certain nutritional intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex E. Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Devin A. Bowes
- Center for Health Through Microbiomes, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Blake Dirks
- Center for Health Through Microbiomes, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Corrie M. Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Center for Health Through Microbiomes, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Karen M. Arciero
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Michelle Poe
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL, United States
| | | | - Karen L. Sweazea
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Paul J. Arciero
- Human Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang J, Kadyan S, Ukhanov V, Cheng J, Nagpal R, Cui L. Recent advances in the health benefits of pea protein (Pisum sativum): bioactive peptides and the interaction with the gut microbiome. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
22
|
Mika A, Janczy A, Waleron K, Szymanski M, Kaska L, Sledzinski T. The impact of the interplay of the intestinal microbiome and diet on the metabolomic and health outcomes of bariatric surgery. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13455. [PMID: 35393734 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has evolved into a global epidemic. Bariatric surgery, the most effective treatment for obesity, keeps many comorbidities of obesity at bay for a prolonged period of time. However, complications, including metabolic alterations, are inherent in bariatric surgery. Surgical intervention in the structure of the digestive tract, especially during bariatric bypass procedures, also causes significant changes in the composition of the microbiome, which may affect the composition and quantity of various metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria. The composition of the intestinal microbiome is connected to human metabolism via metabolites that are produced and secreted by bacterial cells into the intestinal lumen and then absorbed into the host's bloodstream. Bariatric surgery causes changes in the composition and quantity of many circulating metabolites. Metabolic disorders may be affected after bariatric surgery by changes in the composition of the microbiome and metabolites produced by bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Janczy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Waleron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michal Szymanski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kaska
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yao N, Yang Y, Li X, Wang Y, Guo R, Wang X, Li J, Xie Z, Li B, Cui W. Effects of Dietary Nutrients on Fatty Liver Disease Associated With Metabolic Dysfunction (MAFLD): Based on the Intestinal-Hepatic Axis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:906511. [PMID: 35782947 PMCID: PMC9247350 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.906511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently become the most common liver disease with a global prevalence of over 25% and is expected to increase. Recently, experts have reached a consensus that “fatty liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction or MAFLD” may be a more appropriate and inclusive definition than NAFLD. Like the former name NAFLD, MAFLD, as a manifestation of multiple system metabolic disorders involving the liver, has certain heterogeneity in its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, pathological changes and natural outcomes. We found that there is a delicate dynamic balance among intestinal microflora, metabolites and host immune system to maintain a healthy intestinal environment and host health. On the contrary, this imbalance is related to diseases such as MAFLD. However, there are no clear studies on how dietary nutrients affect the intestinal environment and participate in the pathogenesis of MAFLD. This review summarizes the interactions among dietary nutrients, intestinal microbiota and MAFLD in an attempt to provide evidence for the use of dietary supplements to regulate liver function in patients with MAFLD. These dietary nutrients influence the development and progression of MAFLD mainly through the hepatic-intestinal axis by altering dietary energy absorption, regulating bile acid metabolism, changing intestinal permeability and producing ethanol. Meanwhile, the nutrients have the ability to combat MAFLD in terms of enriching abundance of intestinal microbiota, reducing Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and promoting abundance of beneficial gut microbes. Therefore, family therapy with MAFLD using a reasonable diet could be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yixue Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruirui Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuhan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zechun Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Li
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Weiwei Cui
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zeng Z, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Wang S, Wang B, Zeng Z, Wang Q, Ye X, Jin L, Yue M, Tang L, Zou P, Zhao P, Li W. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 alleviates the obesity of ob/ob mice and improves their intestinal microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Food Funct 2022; 13:5381-5395. [PMID: 35470823 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03170h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary interventions with probiotics have been widely reported to be effective in regulating obesity, and the intestinal microbiota is considered to be an important environmental factor. However, few reports focus on the interactions of microbiota-metabolites-phenotypic variables in ob/ob mice, and they have not been characterized in great detail. In this study, we investigated the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 on obesity, the intestinal microbiota and the bile acid metabolism of ob/ob mice using biochemical testing, histochemical staining, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, LC-MS/MS analysis and qRT-PCR. The results showed that SC06 ameliorated the fat mass percentage, hepatic steatosis and liver lipid metabolism disorders and reshaped the gut microbiota and metabolites in male ob/ob mice, specifically deceasing f_S24-7, p_TM7, s_Alistipes massiliensis, f_Rikenellaceae, f_Prevotellaceae, f_Lactobacillaceae, g_Alistipes, g_Flexispira, g_Lactobacillus, g_Odoribacter, g_AF12 and g_Prevotella and increasing f_Bacteroidaceae, g_Bacteroides and f_Desulfovibrionaceae. Meanwhile, SC06 treatment groups had lower ibuprofen and higher glycodeoxycholic acid and 7-dehydrocholesterol. Correlation analysis further clarified the relationships between compositional changes in the microbiota and alterations in the metabolites and phenotypes of ob/ob mice. Moreover, SC06 downregulated bile acid synthesis, export and re-absorption in the liver and increased ileum re-absorption into the blood in ob/ob mice, which may be mediated by the FXR-SHP/FGF15 signaling pathway. These results suggest that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 can ameliorate obesity in male ob/ob mice by reshaping the intestinal microbial composition, changing metabolites and regulating bile acid metabolism via the FXR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Yibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Song Wang
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Zihan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Xiaolin Ye
- University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Min Yue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Peng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Pengwei Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Cardiology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Impact of Food-Based Weight Loss Interventions on Gut Microbiome in Individuals with Obesity: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091953. [PMID: 35565919 PMCID: PMC9099876 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation that the gut microbiota is different in healthy weight as compared with the obese state has sparked interest in the possible modulation of the microbiota in response to weight change. This systematic review investigates the effect of food-based weight loss diets on microbiota outcomes (α-diversity, β-diversity, relative bacterial abundance, and faecal short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs) in individuals without medical comorbidities who have successfully lost weight. Nineteen studies were included using the keywords ‘obesity’, ‘weight loss’, ‘microbiota’, and related terms. Across all 28 diet intervention arms, there were minimal changes in α- and β-diversity and faecal SCFA concentrations following weight loss. Changes in relative bacterial abundance at the phylum and genus level were inconsistent across studies. Further research with larger sample sizes, detailed dietary reporting, and consistent microbiota analysis techniques are needed to further our understanding of the effect of diet-induced weight loss on the gut microbiota.
Collapse
|
26
|
Mei S, Ding J, Wang K, Ni Z, Yu J. Mediterranean Diet Combined With a Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Pattern in the Treatment of Overweight Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients. Front Nutr 2022; 9:876620. [PMID: 35445067 PMCID: PMC9014200 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.876620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the therapeutic effect of a Mediterranean diet (MED) combined with a low-carbohydrate (LC) dietary model in overweight polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. Methods In this 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial, 72 overweight patients with PCOS were randomly assigned to one of two energy-restricted dietary models: the MED/LC diet or the Low fat (LF) diet. After the intervention, the number of the two groups returned to normal menstruation was counted. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BF%), serum fasting insulin(FINS), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity index (QUIKI), total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total testosterone (TT), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin (PRL) were compared between 2 groups before and after intervention. Results MED/LC group had more significant reduction trend in weight (−6.10 ± 1.52 kg vs −4.79 ± 0.97 kg, P < 0.05), BMI (−2.12 ± 0.57 kg/m2 vs −1.78 ± 0.36 kg/m2, P < 0.05), WC (−6.12 ± 5.95 cm vs −3.90 ± 1.58 cm, P < 0.05), WHR (−0.06 ± 0.02 vs −0.03 ± 0.02, P < 0.05), BF% (−2.97% ± 1.78% vs −1.19% ± 0.91%, P < 0.05), TT (−0.20 ± 0.24 ng/mL vs 0.08 ± 0.11 ng/Ml, P < 0.001), LH (−5.28 ± 3.31 mIU/mL vs −3.39 ± 3.64 mIU/mL, P < 0.05), and LH/FSH (−1.18 ± 0.75 vs -0.66 ± 1.05, P < 0.05) compared with the LF group. In addition, FPG (0.05 ± 0.38 mmol/mL vs -0.50 ± 1.01 mmol/mL, P < 0.001), FINS (−4.88 ± 6.11 μU/mL vs −8.53 ± 5.61 μU/mL, P < 0.01), HOMA-IR index (−1.11 ± 1.51 vs −2.23 ± 0.25, P < 0.05), and QUIKI index (0.014 ± 0.016 vs 0.028 ± 0.019, P < 0.05) decreased significantly in the MED/LC group compared with the LF group. Comparing the changes in lipid parameters between the two groups (LF vs MED/LC), significant differences in TG (−0.33 ± 0.32 mmol vs −0.76 ± 0.97 mmol, P < 0.05), TC (−0.40 ± 1.00 mmol vs −1.45 ± 2.00 mmol, P < 0.05), and LDL-C (−0.41 ± 1.05 mmol vs −0.73 ± 0.76 mmol, P < 0.05) were observed. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the MED/LC diet model is a good treatment for overweight PCOS patients, significantly restoring their menstrual cycle, improving their anthropometric parameters and correcting their disturbed endocrine levels, and its overall effectiveness is significantly better than the LF diet model. Therefore, this study recommends that the MED/LC diet model can be used in the clinical treatment of patients with overweight PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Mei
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital of PLA Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital of PLA Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital of PLA Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhexin Ni
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital of PLA Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Gynecology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital of PLA Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Murray M, Coughlan MT, Gibbon A, Kumar V, Marques FZ, Selby-Pham S, Snelson M, Tsyganov K, Williamson G, Woodruff TM, Wu T, Bennett LE. Reduced Growth, Altered Gut Microbiome and Metabolite Profile, and Increased Chronic Kidney Disease Risk in Young Pigs Consuming a Diet Containing Highly Resistant Protein. Front Nutr 2022; 9:816749. [PMID: 35399679 PMCID: PMC8988180 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.816749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High-heat processed foods contain proteins that are partially resistant to enzymatic digestion and pass through to the colon. The fermentation of resistant proteins by gut microbes produces products that may contribute to chronic disease risk. This pilot study examined the effects of a resistant protein diet on growth, fecal microbiome, protein fermentation metabolites, and the biomarkers of health status in pigs as a model of human digestion and metabolism. Weanling pigs were fed with standard or resistant protein diets for 4 weeks. The resistant protein, approximately half as digestible as the standard protein, was designed to enter the colon for microbial fermentation. Fecal and blood samples were collected to assess the microbiome and circulating metabolites and biomarkers. The resistant protein diet group consumed less feed and grew to ~50% of the body mass of the standard diet group. The diets had unique effects on the fecal microbiome, as demonstrated by clustering in the principal coordinate analysis. There were 121 taxa that were significantly different between groups (adjusted-p < 0.05). Compared with control, plasma tri-methylamine-N-oxide, homocysteine, neopterin, and tyrosine were increased and plasma acetic acid was lowered following the resistant protein diet (all p < 0.05). Compared with control, estimated glomerular filtration rate (p < 0.01) and liver function marker aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0.05) were also lower following the resistant protein diet. A resistant protein diet shifted the composition of the fecal microbiome. The microbial fermentation of resistant protein affected the levels of circulating metabolites and the biomarkers of health status toward a profile indicative of increased inflammation and the risk of chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Murray
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Melinda T. Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne Gibbon
- Monash Animal Research Platform, Monash University, Churchill, VIC, Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Francine Z. Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirill Tsyganov
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise E. Bennett
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Louise E. Bennett
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Daily JW, Park S. Sarcopenia Is a Cause and Consequence of Metabolic Dysregulation in Aging Humans: Effects of Gut Dysbiosis, Glucose Dysregulation, Diet and Lifestyle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030338. [PMID: 35159148 PMCID: PMC8834403 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass plays a critical role in a healthy lifespan by helping to regulate glucose homeostasis. As seen in sarcopenia, decreased skeletal muscle mass impairs glucose homeostasis, but it may also be caused by glucose dysregulation. Gut microbiota modulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and various metabolites that affect the host metabolism, including skeletal muscle tissues, and may have a role in the sarcopenia etiology. Here, we aimed to review the relationship between skeletal muscle mass, glucose homeostasis, and gut microbiota, and the effect of consuming probiotics and prebiotics on the development and pathological consequences of sarcopenia in the aging human population. This review includes discussions about the effects of glucose metabolism and gut microbiota on skeletal muscle mass and sarcopenia and the interaction of dietary intake, physical activity, and gut microbiome to influence sarcopenia through modulating the gut–muscle axis. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbiome can regulate both skeletal muscle mass and function, in part through modulating the metabolisms of short-chain fatty acids and branch-chain amino acids that might act directly on muscle in humans or indirectly through the brain and liver. Dietary factors such as fats, proteins, and indigestible carbohydrates and lifestyle interventions such as exercise, smoking, and alcohol intake can both help and hinder the putative gut–muscle axis. The evidence presented in this review suggests that loss of muscle mass and function are not an inevitable consequence of the aging process, and that dietary and lifestyle interventions may prevent or delay sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W. Daily
- Department of R & D, Daily Manufacturing Inc., Rockwell, 28138 NC, USA;
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-5345; Fax: +82-41-548-0670
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guan Z, Luo L, Liu S, Guan Z, Zhang Q, Li X, Tao K. The Role of Depletion of Gut Microbiota in Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis: A Narrative Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:847401. [PMID: 35418947 PMCID: PMC8996773 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.847401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis are common diseases in an aging society, are considered metabolic diseases, and affect the quality of life of older adults. In addition, the gut microbiome is considered an additional organ to regulate bone metabolism. In the past decade, people have been studying the relationship between gut microbiota and bone metabolism. The role and mechanism of the gut microbiota in regulating bone metabolism is very important to improve the development of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Depletion of the gut microbiota as a method of studying the role of the gut microbiota was provided strategies to enhance the role of the gut microbiota in regulating osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. In this review, we discuss how depletion of the gut microbiota affects osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Luo
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guan
- Department of Dermatology, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Tao, ; Zhiqiang Guan, ; Qinggang Zhang, ; Xu Li,
| | - Qinggang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Tao, ; Zhiqiang Guan, ; Qinggang Zhang, ; Xu Li,
| | - Xu Li
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Tao, ; Zhiqiang Guan, ; Qinggang Zhang, ; Xu Li,
| | - Kun Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Tao, ; Zhiqiang Guan, ; Qinggang Zhang, ; Xu Li,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Phungviwatnikul T, Lee AH, Belchik SE, Suchodolski JS, Swanson KS. Weight loss and high-protein, high-fiber diet consumption impact blood metabolite profiles, body composition, voluntary physical activity, fecal microbiota, and fecal metabolites of adult dogs. J Anim Sci 2021; 100:6490144. [PMID: 34967874 PMCID: PMC8846339 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine obesity is associated with reduced lifespan and metabolic dysfunction, but can be managed by dietary intervention. This study aimed to determine the effects of restricted feeding of a high-protein, high-fiber (HPHF) diet and weight loss on body composition, physical activity, blood metabolites, and fecal microbiota and metabolites of overweight dogs. Twelve spayed female dogs (age: 5.5 ± 1.1 yr; body weight [BW]: 14.8 ± 2.0 kg, body condition score [BCS]: 7.9 ± 0.8) were fed a HPHF diet during a 4-wk baseline phase to maintain BW. After baseline (week 0), dogs were first fed 80% of baseline intake and then adjusted to target 1.5% weekly weight loss for 24 wk. Body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and blood samples (weeks 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24), voluntary physical activity (weeks 0, 7, 15, and 23), and fresh fecal samples for microbiota and metabolite analysis (weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24) were measured over time. Microbiota data were analyzed using QIIME 2. All data were analyzed statistically over time using SAS 9.4. After 24 wk, dogs lost 31.2% of initial BW and had 1.43 ± 0.73% weight loss per week. BCS decreased (P < 0.0001) by 2.7 units, fat mass decreased (P < 0.0001) by 3.1 kg, and fat percentage decreased (P < 0.0001) by 11.7% with weight loss. Many serum metabolites and hormones were altered, with triglycerides, leptin, insulin, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 decreasing (P < 0.05) with weight loss. Relative abundances of fecal Bifidobacterium, Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002, undefined Muribaculaceae, Allobaculum, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, Negativivibacillus, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, uncultured Erysipelotrichaceae, and Parasutterella increased (P < 0.05), whereas Prevotellaceae Ga6A1 group, Catenibacterium, Erysipelatoclostridium, Fusobacterium, Holdemanella, Lachnoclostridium, Lactobacillus, Megamonas, Peptoclostridium, Ruminococcus gnavus group, and Streptococcus decreased (P < 0.01) with weight loss. Despite the number of significant changes, a state of dysbiosis was not observed in overweight dogs. Fecal ammonia and secondary bile acids decreased, whereas fecal valerate increased with weight loss. Several correlations between gut microbial taxa and biological parameters were observed. Our results suggest that restricted feeding of a HPHF diet and weight loss promotes fat mass loss, minimizes lean mass loss, reduces inflammatory marker and triglyceride concentrations, and modulates fecal microbiota phylogeny and activity in overweight dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne H Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sara E Belchik
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Alili R, Belda E, Fabre O, Pelloux V, Giordano N, Legrand R, Bel Lassen P, Swartz TD, Zucker JD, Clément K. Characterization of the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity during a Real-World Weight Loss Dietary Program: A Focus on the Bacteroides 2 Enterotype. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010016. [PMID: 35052696 PMCID: PMC8772804 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary intervention is a cornerstone of weight loss therapies. In obesity, a dysbiotic gut microbiota (GM) is characterized by high levels of Bacteroides lineages and low diversity. We examined the GM composition changes, including the Bacteroides 2 enterotype (Bact2), in a real-world weight loss study in subjects following a high-protein hypocaloric diet with or without a live microorganisms (LMP) supplement. Method: 263 volunteers were part of this real-world weight loss program. The first phase was a high-protein low-carbohydrate calorie restriction diet with or without LMP supplements. Fecal samples were obtained at baseline and after 10% weight loss for 163 subjects. Metagenomic profiling was obtained by shotgun sequencing. Results: At baseline, the Bact2 enterotype was more prevalent in subjects with aggravated obesity and metabolic alterations. After weight loss, diversity increased and Bact2 prevalence decreased in subjects with lower GM diversity at baseline, notably in LMP consumers. Significant increases in Akkermansia muciniphila and Parabacteroides distasonis and significant decreases of Eubacterium rectale, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterial lineages were observed after weight loss. Conclusions: Baseline microbiome composition is associated with differential changes in GM diversity and Bact2 enterotype prevalence after weight loss. Examining these signatures could drive future personalized nutrition efforts towards more favorable microbiome compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohia Alili
- Nutrition and Obesities, Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics Research Unit, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (R.A.); (V.P.); (P.B.L.); (J.-D.Z.)
| | - Eugeni Belda
- Integrative Phenomics, 75011 Paris, France; (N.G.); (T.D.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Odile Fabre
- Groupe Éthique et Santé, 13400 Aubagne, France; (O.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Véronique Pelloux
- Nutrition and Obesities, Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics Research Unit, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (R.A.); (V.P.); (P.B.L.); (J.-D.Z.)
| | - Nils Giordano
- Integrative Phenomics, 75011 Paris, France; (N.G.); (T.D.S.)
- Groupe Éthique et Santé, 13400 Aubagne, France; (O.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Rémy Legrand
- Groupe Éthique et Santé, 13400 Aubagne, France; (O.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Pierre Bel Lassen
- Nutrition and Obesities, Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics Research Unit, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (R.A.); (V.P.); (P.B.L.); (J.-D.Z.)
- UMMISCO, Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, IRD, Sorbonne Université, F-93143 Bondy, France
| | | | - Jean-Daniel Zucker
- Nutrition and Obesities, Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics Research Unit, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (R.A.); (V.P.); (P.B.L.); (J.-D.Z.)
- UMMISCO, Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, IRD, Sorbonne Université, F-93143 Bondy, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities, Systemic Approaches, NutriOmics Research Unit, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; (R.A.); (V.P.); (P.B.L.); (J.-D.Z.)
- Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (K.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will discuss recent studies showing that patients with chronic wasting diseases suffer from a variety of small intestinal impairments which might negatively impact the colonic microbiota and overall well-being. New insights will be addressed as well as novel approaches to assess intestinal function. RECENT FINDINGS Small intestinal dysfunction can enhance the amount and alter the composition of undigested food reaching the colon. As a result of reduced protein digestion and absorption, a large amount of undigested protein might reach the colon promoting the presence of pathogenic colonic bacteria and a switch from bacterial fiber fermentation to protein fermentation. While microbial metabolites of fiber fermentation, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), are mainly considered beneficial for overall health, metabolites of protein fermentation, i.e. ammonia, branched SCFAs, hydrogen sulfide, polyamines, phenols, and indoles, can exert beneficial or deleterious effects on overall health. Substantial advances have been made in the assessment of small intestinal dysfunction in chronic diseases, but studies investigating the connection to colonic microbial metabolism are needed. A promising new stable isotope approach can enable the measurement of metabolite production by the colonic microbiota. SUMMARY Several studies have been conducted to assess intestinal function in chronic diseases. Impairments in intestinal barrier function, sugar absorption, protein digestion, and absorption, as well as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth were observed and possibly might negatively impact colonic bacterial metabolism. We suggest that improving these perturbations will improve overall patient health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Kirschner
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Protein supplementation during an energy-restricted diet induces visceral fat loss and gut microbiota amino acid metabolism activation: a randomized trial. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15620. [PMID: 34341379 PMCID: PMC8329187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94916-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between diet and gut microbiota are critical regulators of energy metabolism. The effects of fibre intake have been deeply studied but little is known about the impact of proteins. Here, we investigated the effects of high protein supplementation (Investigational Product, IP) in a double blind, randomised placebo-controled intervention study (NCT01755104) where 107 participants received the IP or an isocaloric normoproteic comparator (CP) alongside a mild caloric restriction. Gut microbiota profiles were explored in a patient subset (n = 53) using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Visceral fat decreased in both groups (IP group: − 20.8 ± 23.2 cm2; CP group: − 14.5 ± 24.3 cm2) with a greater reduction (p < 0.05) with the IP supplementation in the Per Protocol population. Microbial diversity increased in individuals with a baseline low gene count (p < 0.05). The decrease in weight, fat mass and visceral fat mass significantly correlated with the increase in microbial diversity (p < 0.05). Protein supplementation had little effects on bacteria composition but major differences were seen at functional level. Protein supplementation stimulated bacterial amino acid metabolism (90% amino-acid synthesis functions enriched with IP versus 13% in CP group (p < 0.01)). Protein supplementation alongside a mild energy restriction induces visceral fat mass loss and an activation of gut microbiota amino-acid metabolism. Clinical trial registration: NCT01755104 (24/12/2012). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01755104?term=NCT01755104&draw=2&rank=1.
Collapse
|
34
|
Dong TS, Luu K, Lagishetty V, Sedighian F, Woo SL, Dreskin BW, Katzka W, Chang C, Zhou Y, Arias-Jayo N, Yang J, Ahdoot AI, Ye J, Li Z, Pisegna JR, Jacobs JP. The Intestinal Microbiome Predicts Weight Loss on a Calorie-Restricted Diet and Is Associated With Improved Hepatic Steatosis. Front Nutr 2021; 8:718661. [PMID: 34307440 PMCID: PMC8295485 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.718661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The microbiome has been shown in pre-clinical and epidemiological studies to be important in both the development and treatment of obesity and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, few studies have examined the role of the microbiome in the clinical response to calorie restriction. To explore this area, we performed a prospective study examining the association of the intestinal microbiome with weight loss and change in hepatic steatosis on a calorie-restricted diet. Methods: A prospective dietary intervention study of 80 overweight and obese participants was performed at the Greater West Los Angeles Veterans Affair Hospital. Patients were placed on a macronutrient standardized diet for 16 weeks, including 14 weeks of calorie restriction (500 calorie deficit). Body composition analysis by impedance, plasma lipid measurements, and ultrasound elastography to measure hepatic steatosis were performed at baseline and week 16. Intestinal microbiome composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A per protocol analysis was performed on all subjects completing the trial (n = 46). Results: Study completers showed significant reduction in weight, body mass index, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and triglyceride. Subjects who lost at least 5% of their body weight had significantly greater reduction in serum triglyceride and hepatic steatosis than those with <5% body weight loss. Enterococcus and Klebsiella were reduced at the end of the trial while Coprococcus and Collinsella were increased. There were also significant baseline microbiome differences between patients who had at least 5% weight loss as compared to those that did not. Lachnoclostridium was positively associated with hepatic steatosis and Actinomyces was positively associated with hepatic steatosis and weight. Baseline microbiome profiles were able to predict which patients lost at least 5% of their body weight with an AUROC of 0.80. Conclusion: Calorie restriction alters the intestinal microbiome and improves hepatic steatosis in those who experience significant weight loss. Baseline microbiome differences predict weight loss on a calorie–restricted diet and are associated with improvement in hepatic steatosis, suggesting a role of the gut microbiome in mediating the clinical response to calorie restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tien S Dong
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kayti Luu
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Farzaneh Sedighian
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shih-Lung Woo
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin W Dreskin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William Katzka
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Candace Chang
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nerea Arias-Jayo
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Julianne Yang
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aaron I Ahdoot
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jason Ye
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph R Pisegna
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dong TS, Luu K, Lagishetty V, Sedighian F, Woo SL, Dreskin BW, Katzka W, Chang C, Zhou Y, Arias-Jayo N, Yang J, Ahdoot AI, Ye J, Li Z, Pisegna JR, Jacobs JP. Gut microbiome profiles associated with steatosis severity in metabolic associated fatty liver disease. HEPATOMA RESEARCH 2021; 7:10.20517/2394-5079.2021.55. [PMID: 36713356 PMCID: PMC9881202 DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2021.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Aim The microbiome has been shown to be pivotal in the development of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Few have examined the relationship of the microbiome specifically with steatosis grade. Therefore, our aim was to characterize the association of the microbiome with MAFLD steatosis severity while adjusting for metabolic comorbidities including diabetes. Methods We enrolled patients with MAFLD at the West Los Angeles Veterans Affair Hospital. All patients underwent ultrasound elastography, fasting serum collection, and fecal sampling for 16S sequencing. We examined the associations of microbial diversity and composition with advanced steatosis, defined as a CAP score of ≥ 300 dB/m, with or without the presence of metabolic comorbidities. Results Seventy-five patients were enrolled. African American were less likely to have advanced steatosis than either Hispanics or Whites (P = 0.001). Patients with more advanced steatosis had higher fasting serum triglyceride (192.6 ± 157.1 mg/dL vs. 122.5 ± 57.4 mg/dL), HbA1c (6.7% ± 1.4% vs. 6.1% ± 0.8%), transaminases, and were more likely to have metabolic syndrome (52.4% vs. 24.2%, P = 0.02). Advanced steatosis and diabetes were associated with altered microbial composition. Bacteroides was negatively associated with advanced steatosis while Megasphaera was positively associated with steatosis. Akkermansia was negatively associated with diabetes, while Anaerostipes and Parabacteroides were positively associated with diabetes. Conclusion Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with hepatic steatosis severity in MAFLD patients and both advanced steatosis and comorbid diabetes are independently associated with microbiome changes. These results provide insight into the role of the gut microbiome in MAFLD associated with metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tien S. Dong
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Kayti Luu
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Farzaneh Sedighian
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shih-Lung Woo
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin W. Dreskin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - William Katzka
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Candace Chang
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nerea Arias-Jayo
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Julianne Yang
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aaron I. Ahdoot
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jason Ye
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.,Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joseph R. Pisegna
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Narasimhan H, Ren CC, Deshpande S, Sylvia KE. Young at Gut-Turning Back the Clock with the Gut Microbiome. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030555. [PMID: 33800340 PMCID: PMC8001982 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, we have witnessed an increase in life-expectancy due to public health measures; however, we have also seen an increase in susceptibility to chronic disease and frailty. Microbiome dysfunction may be linked to many of the conditions that increase in prevalence with age, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, suggesting the need for further research on these connections. Moreover, because both non-modifiable (e.g., age, sex, genetics) and environmental (e.g., diet, infection) factors can influence the microbiome, there are vast opportunities for the use of interventions related to the microbiome to promote lifespan and healthspan in aging populations. To understand the mechanisms mediating many of the interventions discussed in this review, we also provide an overview of the gut microbiome's relationships with the immune system, aging, and the brain. Importantly, we explore how inflammageing (low-grade chronic inflammation that often develops with age), systemic inflammation, and senescent cells may arise from and relate to the gut microbiome. Furthermore, we explore in detail the complex gut-brain axis and the evidence surrounding how gut dysbiosis may be implicated in several age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. We also examine current research on potential interventions for healthspan and lifespan as they relate to the changes taking place in the microbiome during aging; and we begin to explore how the reduction in senescent cells and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) interplay with the microbiome during the aging process and highlight avenues for further research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Clarissa C. Ren
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | | | - Kristyn E. Sylvia
- The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Washington, DC 20036, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-774-226-6214
| |
Collapse
|